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:
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1000
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T.C. Snowman lech.
Horse rider - Traces on back of a cloak. or shield decorat_d w. circles:
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TC. Statuette-Head. hands missing. Rough models. circular below waist Hollowed(Bell shaped.) Nebuchad temple. Outside NE side of Temenos:
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E
Beard_d man hold_g lamb to breast.
Broken below waist.
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-37-
Draped man
clasped Worshiper
Rt hang_g-bucket
Lt "
Rt extended
v
Suilla
{Holds club & bird initially indicated then crossed out]:
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-34-
Mould
Group-Walking forward
Twins-Feather crown
LiFal
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-36-
Monkey man
Flute monkey:
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v
Buff. su-illa
fem. mitre. forearms raised
to sh. head & trunk only.:
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v
Fr_t Su-illa
Fem. w coiled plaits.
H. raised towards chin:
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$25,000.00. The edition should be of not less than 2000 copies, to be sold at $15.00. The money recovered by slaes would be used for the production of the second volume, and that from the joint sales for the third, and so on.The sum of $25,000.00 would, it is hoped, in this way finance thepublication of all the archaeological volumes contemplated by the Expedition. The retail price of the books being frankly non-commercial, the initial fund would be gradually exhausted and in the end would rank as a loss. The advantage to archaeology would on the other hand be great and fully commensurate with such expenditure.A grant in aid of such publication made to either of the two Museums could be used by it for their joint purpose without putting any obligation on the other Museum.:
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& The silver bull head & the copper lion head & the little [drawing - scale ? - (artifact: semi-circular volume ?)] box with nice engraving & the sledge with small lions heads, and the donkey. We could [?]oss the the queen's crown on a reconstructed head against a belt of blue lapis with all the small gold animals, branches and pomegranates.This would disposed of the most difficult and precious objects. But Dr H consulted reserves his opinion, and I was told to think it over for the week. I think the groups are as good as possible in a bad case. I will only insist on drawing lots to avoid chosing and feeling sore. You may notice that the famous tomb groupprinciple has been abandoned at once by all as impossible for the main tombs.I was told that W. is leaving next week. He is actually in Bath. I will be glad to see him if he comes to London. But I will not write. I have enough trouble without looking for more.I will write soon. Yours sincerlyL. LegrainRemember me to friends around.:
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< OBJECTS SOLD TO THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUMTomb Group I (789-B)CBS 16983 Necklace of lapis and gold conoid beads. L. 67 cm.CBS 16984 Necklace of lapis ovoid and conoid beads. L. 52 cm.CBS 16985 Diadem of 2 strings of carnelian and lapis beads and 14 gold leaves. L. 38.5 cm.CBS 16986 34 pieces of gold ribbonCBS 16987 2 three-coil silver ringsTomb Group II (P.G. 1237)30-12-668 Silver pin with lapis head. L. 19.5 cm.30-12-669 Lunate gold earring. Diam. 7 cm.30-12-670 Lunate gold earring. Diam. 7 cm.30-12-671 Necklace of gold and lapis triangles. L. 22.5 cm.30-12-672 Necklace : 4-strand, of lapis ans gold conoid beads; each string about 52 cm. long30-12-673 String of small lapis, gold, and carnelian beads. L. 18 cm.30-12-674 String of small lapis, gold, and carnelian beads. L. 17 cm. >:
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< THACKERAY HOTEL GREAT RUSSEL STREET LONDON, W.C. 1> Sept 20 <192>8
Dear Miss Mc. Hugh. The division progresses nicely. Today we attached objects from the 6th campaign actually on exhibition: our share are two head dresses of ladies of the ha[?]em[?] among the jewels of the queen. The seal of queen Shubad goes to the Br. Mu. and we have the seal of king sagpadda and the biggest gold and lapis beads. We have the gold diadem made of [drawing -scale ?- (shape of diamond with pattern and two irregular lines linked to both ends)] and many lovely necklaces. We obtain the diadem of all small gold animals and pomegranates but loose the electrum donkey. We keep the gold adze [drawing - scale ?- (adze handle)] and loose the [drawing - scale ?- lines ?] gold lances. All together we are rather well off. I had to cancel passage on 29th.Yours trulyL.L.:
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< WESTERN UNION Received at 3038 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn.3 POL 6HM NEW YORK NY 824A OCT 10 1928J MCHUGH UNIVERSITY MUSEUM ALL RIGHT BACK THURSDAY MANY THANKS LEGRAIN 843 A >:
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<BRITISH MUSEUM>March 12th, 1936Dear Dr Legrain,Sir Leonard Woolley is busy with his final preparations for going away, and asks me to write to you.He left your volume (Ur Exc. iii) on Archaic Seal-impressions for me to put through the Press. You should by now have received a first page proof of the whole of the volume and pulls of the half tone and line plates 1-58. I hope that you will still have this material by you when this letter arrives, as without it my query may be troublesome to reply to.I have checked on the printed pages all the numbers of catalogue entries in the \"Analysis of Decorative Motives\" a and b. Some of these I found were incorrect, and where I was certain what change to make , have done so. I have not always been able to insert a no. in place of one which was wrong , but at least I have selected the wrong one. And I now hope that my changes are satisfactory. I seemed to:
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<BRITISH MUSUEM LONDON, W.C.I>April 16th 1937Dear Dr. Legrain,Many thanks for your letter of April 6th enclosed with the copy of the catalogue of Ur Excavations Vol IV showing your allocation numbers. I am glad to hear that the catalogue [?cards?] and photos of seals reached you [?safely?]. When Sir Leonard Wolley gets home - which [?] will not be till July - I will show him what you say about the photo of Baghdad museum terracottas:
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<L. LEGRAINUR EXPEDITIONIRAQ>Jan. 18th 1926Dear Miss McHugh, Thanks for your long letter so full of details. Time is passing terribly quick here. Scarcely time to shave and wash for dinner. Work after dinner most of the time up to midnight. As you will see in Woolley's report the dig is quite good and gives us many valuable objects after the wild hunt for Dungi's palace on the South end of the temple area, and finding just a cemetery on the top of presargonic ground, we have moved nearer to the old ziggurat. This time we have uncovered the shrine or house of Ningal the wife of moon god. It is a most complete temple with enclosure, gates, court, altars, shrine room, base of statue, steps leading to it, pedestals of many - gone - statues and stelae. No end of statues, stelae, vases, dishes in stone, alabaster, clay, and a lot of tablets which make my despair. I have just time enough to brush, stick together catalogue, inspect and pack away on a ledge, till the final packing in March. Many a day I could not leave my office to run:
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<POSTAL TELEGRAPH - COMMERCIAL CABLES>QUEBEC QUE SEPT 24/27 MCHUGH UNIVERSITY MUSEUM PHILADELPHIA PA
BACK MONDAY MORNING SO GLAD
LEGRAIN.:
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<Thackeray Hotel>April 30th 1926Dear Miss Mc Hugh,Your long letter has just arrived, full of news. Thank you. I am afraid I shall not be in time for the opening of the new wing about the middle of May.I have spent a week in London and saw all the officials at the British Museum. Wolley has not yet arrived. Sir Frederic K. was very gracious. He expects W. at the beginning of May. While waisting I will go North and visit friends at Hull.I had a conference with Gadd and Smith about publications. We agreed about six \"recommandations and wrote them down. 1°) There is enough material for one volume including all the building inscriptions (historical) . 2°) It should be a joint publication of Smith, Gadd and myself. 3°) Transliteration, translation and minimum notes should accompany the cuneiform text. 4°) a photograph of the [? most ?] important pieces should be added. 5°) the form of paper recommanded should be the cuneiform Texts of the British museum (for size). 6°) Printing should:
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<Thackeray Hotel>Sept. 18. 28 Dear Miss Mc Hugh,As you see I am on the job and not an easy job. I am so glad that I stuck to my guns and would have no further delays.Scarcely arrived I saw Smith and Dr Hall and Gadd, finally Sir Fred. K. Smith suggested that I go slowly over the business and start with the last year collection. He had already made some arrangement and we devided some minor objects. I proposed at once as a principle of division that we make two equal groups of a certain amount of objects and then call one group : [? 1 ?], the second group. 2. The numbers are inscribed on a slip of paper and mixed in a hat and we draw. Both parties are[on the left side of the letter] I dined at Smith's Monday evening . Weather fair and warm. Left the car at Boulogne and miss it, and many other persons and things.:
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<Thackeray Hotel>Sept. 21. 28Dear Miss Mc Hugh,Work is progressing slowly but well. We divided more gold spears and beads and necklaces. The gold saw falls to our share. I accepted two beautiful vases one of blue lapis, the second of green alabaster against one of black obsidian which Smith wanted badly. I will not insist on detail just now. I want to fix some general points1°) Smith and Gadd are strongly of the opinion that the division must take place every year. Too much trouble with delay and pi[?]ing up. Only W. and accidentally the Director could insist on such an idea, because they have not:
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<Thackeray Hotel>Sept. 28.28Dear Miss Mc HughI received your telegram. Thank you. I am sailing on the \" Paris, from Havre Oct 3rdAll the division is over and I said good bye to all the authorities at the Br Mus. Sir Fr. Kennyon was especially graceful, and I am under the impression that we are all satisfied.- They insist to know when you want the collection sent over.- Sir Fr. K. wonder electrotypes cannot be made as well in U.S.A. as in London.:
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<Thackeray Hotel>Thursday Sept. 27. 28Dear Miss Mc HughThe big division is over. Thank God! Our share of the spoils consists of:- The gold bull's head with lapis horns and beard- The ingraved plaque with musician and dancing animals- The queen's head dress as reconstru[?] by Wolley and wife. (Published in Illust [?] Lond N.)- The Bull silver head- The Lion silver head- The semi circular box silver with lion on ram inlaid on lapis- The ostruch gold egg- The fluted gold tumbler [drawing- scale ?- (artifact: fluted tumbler)]- The fluted oval cup gold [drawing - scale ? - (artifact: oval cup)]- The plain gold oval cup [drawing - scale ? - (artifact: oval cup)]NB - All the gold daggers go to Baghdad. London keeps the copper dagger with gold and (reconstructed) silver handle. We have our share of gold spears lances, jewels etc.:
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<The University Museum University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaApril 3, 1936Dear Dr. Legrain:-I should like to report to you that yesterday we shipped to the Department of Classics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, the boxes containing the squeezes of the Hittite inscriptions which where collected by B.B. Charles in connection with the Cornell Expedition to Asia Minor. This return was made after correspondence with Cornell University which expressed its eagerness to preserve these squeezes with their other collections from the Expedition. Very truly yours, >Jane M.M Hugh<Secretary.Dr. Leon Legrain, Curator, Babylonian Section.>:
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<THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUMUNIVERSITY of PENNSYLVANIAPHILADELPHIA >June 16, 1933Dr. L. Legrain, Curator,Babylonian Section,University Museum.Dear Dr. Legrain:At a stated meeting of Board of Managers of the University Museum, held on March 17, 1933, the Director was authorized to sell the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, two groups of jewelry from the Royal Tombs at Ur.The objects selected and purchased by the Metropolitan Museum of Art are covered on attached list which I am sending you for records.Very truly yours,Jane M. McHugh [handwritten]Secretary.:
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'''ACCOUNTS FOR NOVEMBER 1923.'''A. Travelling Accounts. S s d3 Foremen, from Jerablus to Ur 50. 17. 11B. Wages.Workmen on dig, Nov. 10 Rs/1052. 13Nov. 17 1244. 1Nov. 24 1167. 1Dec. 1 1278. 10______4742. 9 = 316 3 5Foremen 19 0 0Local Agent 6 0 0Chauffeur 9 13 4Hamoudi, retaining fee during summer 20 0 0Guards, Oct. 13 to Nov. 30 Rs/982.0sergeant, back wage 240.0travelling allowance 85.0_____1307.0 " 87 2 8_____C. Preliminary purchases.Motor car and spares Rs/430.11 = 28 4 3British Petroleum Co., lamps, 9 13 10Oxford Press, overprints of report, 5 11 0D. Excavation expenses. Trip to Sheikh Munshid, Rs/600.0 = 40 0 0Water contract for the month, Rs/430.0 = 28 13 4Local purchases Re/243.5 = 16 7 1Posts & telegrams Rs/35.12 = 2 5 0E. Work on expedition house.Contract for new rooms, Rs/200.0Matting, glass, whitewash Rs/13.0Mattresses & pillows Rs/47.3Roof repairs Rs/19.0______Rs/279.3 = 18 12 5F. Living expenses.Cash purchases, Nasiriyah, Rs/456.5Ditto, Ur Junction Rs/165.0Ditto, Basra Rs/154.0Cook's wages, Rs/85.0Houseboy's wages, Rs/50.0______Rs/1910.13 = 60 14 5G. Salaries.C. L. Woolley 50 0 0______Total £768 18 6______N.B. These accounts give to rupees the nominal flat rate of 15 = £1st. This isliable to modification in accordance with the bank rate.Director [signature] Leonard WoolleyJoint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museumsof the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia:
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(1) A table of inscriptions, which will explain itself. I have had to leave a certain number of blanks, some of which I hope you will be able to fill up. The object of this table is, to present in one place and with the utmost convenience, all the external facts (as it were) about each text, and thereby to free the actual translations from accompanying explanatory matter.(2) Index of (a) Names of Gods (b) of men (c) of places (d) of temples (e) of canals. I think such an index adds greatly to the use of the book.(3) The translations themselves.(4) The autograph plates.(5) The photographic plates. With respect to (3) I have, as you will find, in various places made a number of suggestions in pencil, and in particular the extent of notes has become rather greater than we had hoped to see. But in certain places rather important matters arose, and I felt it would not do to pass over them without notice since such omission would really seem to miss the points of the inscriptions, which ought as far as possible to be explained as well as translated. In a few cases you will see that I have drawn up a sort of draft of notes, with which pleased deal as you think good.In the form of the translations there are one or two points of uniformity which will save trouble and cost in proofs. I would suggest that all long (or longish) inscriptions should be printed straight ahead, like this 1. - ------ 2. ------. 3 ----- etcc. rather than in columns of short lines, as 1--- 2---, 3--- for this is a great saving of space, and no inconvenience. Other small points are: the universal use of d._ _ _ _ for the [?symbol?] determinative, whether in Sumer. or Semut; it is only a symbol, & variety of usage is confusing. Also the place-suffix KI will have to be rendered uniformly: I suggest small italic capitals.In spite of these there are certain to be many small inconsistencies which will have to be cleared away in proof. I am afraid a good deal of work awaits you in going through the MS. but I feel sure it will make a really good book.:
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(2) Horn_d beard_d God-w. no side curls. Head only :
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(British Museum Letterhead)4th September, 1947Mr. Percy C. Madeira, Jr.,The University Museum33rd & Spruce Streets,Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.Dear Mr. Madeira,I have at last been able to complete my examination of our position in regard to the publication of the Ur Texts. I can hardly ask you to excuse my long delay in this matter and in answering your letter of March 13th, but it has been due to the fact that neither I nor anyone now in my office has experience of previous agreements and arrangements, and the urgency of our present work of reconstruction necessarily takes precedence of other obligations. Not that the latter are less important, but our prior needs are those of mere existence which present themselves from day to day. However, I now send a complete statement of our joint publication of the Texts. The present position is that(i) we are printing off Part 2 (Text) of Volume III (Legrain's Business Documents). This is estimated to cost (pound symbol)800 which we expect to pay by the end of March 1948.(ii) We are also ready to print Plates and Text of Volume IV (Figulla\"s New Babylonian Documents). That is estimated at (pound symbol)700 exclusive of the cost of employing Dr. Figulla, and should be paid off by March 1949.(iii) We propose to begin printing Plates and Text of Volume V (Figulla's Old Babylonian Tests) next year. Much of the preparatory work was done by Figulla at our joint expense in 1939. The cost of printing is estimated:
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(British MuseumW.C.1.)July 11. 1928.[handwritten note illegible]Dear Miss MacHugh,I am sending you with this my statement of accounts carrying things up to the close of my financial year; the only thing to which I need call attention is one about which Sir Frederic Kenyon will have written to you already, namely the extra allowance to Mallowan and myself for work done in London. The fact is that the original agreement which provided for the work necessary for the exhibition did not contemplate present circumstances; in the early years a fortnight or three weeks spent in London was enough: this year I have been hard at work for over three months and this has meant the extra cost to myself of living in London (incidentally it has decided me, much against my will, to sell my little house at Bath because there is so little time left in which to enjoy it and I cannot afford to keep it for 12 months and then live in it for six weeks only!): so I applied for a \"grant in aid\" and Kenyon agreed in principle and was to write to you about it. I hope you agree too!I send also my programme for next season. I have arranged to have a complete set of all photographs made, with a typed copy of titles, and sent to you as soon as possible; I should have looked after this myself but at last we have got away from London and the rush of the exhibition and are having a blow at the seaside. The exhibition has been a tremendous success; we have had the Queen there, Princess Beatrice and Princess Marie Louise and the King of Spain and lots of other distinguished people and we are only afraid of being summoned back to town at any moment to do the honours to others. The Louvre staff are coming over in detachments and are most enthusiastic - one of them paid us the compliment of saying that no other expedition, especially a French expedition, would have got the stuff out in such good order, and that is a real compliment as they are naturally upset at seeing that the Louvre will no longer:
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(cf. complete vase on 4 wheels VIII Ur. u. 1446i in Cemet.)
Hand modelled. Head of any animal. 70 x 35 mm:
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(cf. u. 3150) nude h model Pem
Glazed bleach_d white-Broken below breast.
Fem-supporting in l. h. a harp which leans over l. sh. Hair done up in a bag w fillet over the fore h. Thick plaits of hair on either side of head. Falling on sh. Neckl.-Rt. h. appear_g enag_d in play_g the harp, l. h. supporting it:
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(cont_d)
Drapery [photo hides several words written] crescent shaped curves, pointed over the breasts, rounder below, from neck to feet (sealed) or to:
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(error mark_d 12789)
Mould_d TC. Fem Fig. Full Face clasp_d below breasts-Nude to waist wearing below a plain skirt to the ankles.:
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(Hotel Cerminus & Buffet gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean Letterhead)March 23, 1929Dear Miss McHugh,Yesterday I closed the deal with Mr. Laporte after checking up the objects with his catalogue. I had seen the collection on the 20th the day we got here, and had proposed to him the price of 175000 francs, which he did not definitely refuse, but which he did not seem inclined to accept. As he wished to revise the information contained in his catalogue he asked me to come back yesterday. He had shown me fifteen masks and figurines which he said his wife had asked him to keep and which consequently he had not included in the catalogue. I had intended to propose, if he would not consent to taking:
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(Hotel Germinus & Buffet gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean letterhead) to have it sent to Philadeliphia on condition of the expense of transportation and insurance being paid on its arrival. As there is for the moment nothing else to be done here, and as the money for which I cabled you last night will probably not arrive before Tuesday, we shall most likely run down to St. Jean de Luz for the week end.Pleas give my best to everybody. I hope you are feeling quite fit again. \"woolley Week\" concludes to.day, doesn't it. you will be glad to have that over with.Yours most sincerelyH.U. Hall.:
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(Insert on p. 2.) Over their fallen bodies had been placed two statues of bulls; both were of wood, which has perished, with metal heads. One head is of copper with inlaid eyes, the second is of gold with eyes, hair, beard and the tips of the horns in lapis, and on the chest of each is a row of shell plaques engraved with mythological scenes.:
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(letterhead of the Thackery Hotel)2tomb- as Philadelphia received one gold dagger Past year, it seems more natural that they should keep the gold dagger this year- But then the silver cup seems to tempt them very much and they cannot make up their mind. Besides we have a claim because a bronze stag unpacked Past year and supposed to be very bad turns out to be acceptable exhibition objectThe rest includes three skeletons lots of painted and unpainted dolls- lots of painted pottery- some bad stone vases, and mumerous:
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(logo of NATIONAL SCHEME FOR DISABLED MEN) DEPARTMENT OF CERAMICS AND ETHNOGRAPHY, British Museum,LONDON, W.C.1.The Editor,The Museum Journal,University Museum,Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.25. x. 22.Dear Sir,My friend, Mr. C. L. Woolley, has asked me to send you the enclosed note; he is now en route for the East, & did not know your address.I remain,Yours faithfully,[signature] T.A. Joyce [?]Deputy-Keeper.:
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(October 9, 1947- Continuation) -2Questions which remain in my mind are as follows:1. Does the British Museum contemplate expending on its own account the [pound symbol] 3000 sum required to complete the scheduled volumes of the Texts or do you expect the University Museum to advance [pound symbol] 1500 on this account.2. Have you arranged to reduce the cost of publishing the Texts in this post-war period by reduction of length, i.e., elimination of transliteration, indices and commentaries, and do you contemplate a simpler, less expensive format? I understand from Father Legrain that about 50% of his Part 2, Volume 3 manuscript has been eliminated through reduction in commentaries, transliterations, etc.3. Do you know if Sir Leonard has contemplated a similar reduction in length and format to complete the archaeological publications?As in your case, there is no one here who is familiar with previous agreements and arrangements regarding these publications and therefore I hope that we may be able to reach a clear understanding of our mutual obligations in this matter. I realize that you are urgently occupied with reconstruction work and that this rather complex matter is troublesome. My particular concern at this time is to clear up past arrangements for previous work in the Sumerian area before determining plans for continued research in that region.Very best wishes for your success in reconstruction.Sincerely yours,Froelich RaineyDirectorSir John Forsdyke British Museum London, W.C.I EnglandFR:GS c.c. Mr. Madeina[?]:
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(Release Monday Feb 14)The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania at Ur has had during December a month more varied than usual but not less successful. There were a number of points on our plan which needed further work before the full history of the buildings concerned could be put on record, and circumstances induced us to embark on these separate tasks all at once instead of tackling one large site.Very useful from a topographical point of view were two excavations, one of which filled up a big gap in the ground-plan of the early Temenos by proving the existence of a large building of the Larsa period (circ. 2100 B.C.) between the old royal palace and the temple of the Moon Goddess, while the other settled the character of the buildings surrounding the Ziggurat terrace from the times of Ur-Engur (2300 B.C.) until those of Nebuchadnezzar. To Nebuchadnezzar's Temenos an entirely new aspect was given by the discovery of a great entrance gateway at a point where in 1922-3 we had failed to trace the line of his enclosing wall; it not only completes the Temenos plan, but throws into true perspective the great courtyard and practically confirms the view that this was itself the main temple of the Moon God. Interesting from more than topographical reasons was the excavation of a large building standing over a mile outside the limits of the Sacred Area, a great hall - it might have been a royal audience-chamber - put up by king Sin-idinnam shortly before 2,000 B.C. The remarkable feature about it was that it had undoubtedly had an arched and vaulted roof, and until recently such would have been judged wholly impossible at such an early date. But the finding of arched doorways in private houses of the same period, and the fact that contemporary brick tombs were sometimes barrel-vaulted justifies a restoration of this building which upsets all the views that have been held about the history of architecture in the East.:
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(sphinx?)
TC. relief-upper pad. Fem.headed Fig. holds before its waist a kind of tray on which stand 2 small (fem:) Fig. & 2uncertain objects lie horizon tally before them. Lower part missing.
cf. Nippur. TC. cat. no 198 IV Exp. Field Ph.206
Also: U.1731. fr_t 2 lions couchmt on a sort of tray:
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(stationary header)KINGS'S WORTHY COURT,NR. WINCHESTER.WINCHESTER 3672August 6th 1958Dear Miss Baker,How very kind of you to write, & to enquire about my eye trouble. While it (?) it was very bad, and most painful, and I certainly did not appreciate spending two months in a darkened room, not knowing whether it would ever get better. But actually I had a marvellous recovery and now see as well as before, and have been able to get on well with all my work. It is a wonderful relief. While I was laid up, I had to comfort myself with the recollecton that I hadn't spend a day in bed owing to illness for sixty years = and now it's difficult to remember that I ever was ill! My biggest work, the story of man's advance during the Bronze Age, part of the huge Unesco History of Civilization, is finished and off my hands: it should be published in 1960; that is the longest book I've written, though of course the Ur Publications, when they have all appeared, will add up to a much. I'm glad to say that there is another volume at the printers now, and all my work on the whole series is finished.I have left my former house near Shaftsbury and am now two miles out of Winchester in a very:
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(text centred on page throughout)THE MUSEUMOF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIATHIRTY-THIRD AND SPRUCE STREETSM....................................................INVITESM...........................................................TO ATTEND THE ILLUSTRATED LECTURE BYMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYFIELD DIRECTORTHE RUINS OF UR; THE SPLENDOUR OF THEPREHISTORIC KINGS; UR IN THE TIME OFABRAHAM; THE LAST DAYS OF THE CITY(STEREOPTICON VIEWS)IN THE AUDITORIUM OF THE MUSEUMON SATURDAY AFTERNOON, MARCH 23, AT 3 O'CLOCKRESERVED SEAT CARD. SEATS ARE HELD UNTIL THE HOUR OF THE LECTURE:
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(Tuck's Post Card Date Stamped London July 23 1929)Thackery HotelJuly 23. 293arrived yesterday and saw Dr. Hall and Gadd. The division will be easy enough.-Found Mrs Van Buren, and Mrs Dohan here. I will write later to give detailsYours sincerelyL. Legrain(addressee)Dr. W. JayneDirector of the University Museum Philadelphia Pa U.S.A.:
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(Type U. 16634)
White. frit Frog. Coarse workmansh_p.:
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(University Museum letter head)August 6, 1931Dear Miss McHugh:-I've had to leave several things at loose ends for you to tie-up properly and I'll try to jot down as many of these as possible and more or less as they occur to me, so this will be a pretty disjointed letter .Financial matters first of all:1. Beidler is definitely going with Speiser on the Tell Billah excavations. The arrangements are that he is to engage passage on the Fabre Line and they will send the bill to you for payment; $217 pd. (?) his travel allowance is eight hundred dollars, the balance of which, after paying the bill is to be given him before going plus 4 months salary at $125.00; the remaining 4 months are to be paid him later, whenever you and he agree. I think he means to sail about SeptemberAugust 30th but he'll be down from Lehighton before then to gather his ticket and funds.2. Miller I have arranged to send, as you know, to Rowe and I have asked Rowe to cable him when he wants him, so when he hears he will come to you for the necessary funds. Unfortunately the anonymous contribution promised for July has not yet come in but I have definite assurance it will materialize in the next fortnight, and it is prefectly safe to draw against it. You have, I think, a memorandum as to how much Miller's share of this is to be, and I haven't it by me, since I am writing at home. He might as well have it all at once and make such arrangements for applying it as he wants, provided this is satisfactory to you; if not, work out any schedule of payment agreeable to you both. I do happen to know he is a little short of funds and it might convenience him to have it all now3. Mason required innumerable sets of prints and enlargements of his photographs which I didn't see loading on Witte who has a good deal on hand anyway, so he has farmed the work out and the costs can be charged against the Johnson Expedition balance (if any). It is by now so small that it is almost useless to beleive it can be of material aid towards work next year, so I beleive it best to let it bear all of last year\"s burden that it can. By the way Mr. Madeira seems to have produced a very possible solution to the dilema of next year's personnel at Piedras Negras, which I shall tell you about anon.:
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,P.PG 691</p><p>D[angle] 214
C[angle]99
</p><p>depth below surface 380 [?] [angle] 235</p><p> Inhumation grave matting lined Head SW bones much decayed body on R. side.
</p><p>1) Near shoulder copper axe U.9687
</p><p>2) Touching (1) copper bowl and crushed bowl hemispherical. Finger bones in bowl. diam. C. 011 III
</p><p>3) Near knees cylinder seal green stone much decayed. U.9688
</p><p>No(1)[drawing (artifact:tool)] Diam C. 012 Ht. 010</p>
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- 2 - with fluted sides. We had found that of which we were in search and had leant from it much about the burial customs of the earliest kings, but the crowning reward of royal treasure had been snatched from us. While disgust yet rankled luck turned. A slender copper rod stuck upright in the soil led us down to a tomb shaft at the bottom of which numerous vessels in copper and stone began to shew up. Along one side of our cutting the imprint of the wooden side of a coffin could be distinguished - the wood itself perished long since - and we were wondering whether we were working in the grave proper or outside it when a startling discovery solved the question for us. The gang working next door at a higher level came on a copper spear-head upright in the earth; following this down we laid bare a gold-mounted shaft, and found that the spear had been set at the further corner of the coffin, which had still to be dug out. In fact the pit for the grave was about seven feet square and the coffin, which measured some five feet six inches by two feet, was placed against one side, the free space along three sides of it being used for offerings to the dead. Against each end spears were planted upright in the ground; ranged along side away from the coffin were vases of alabaster, steatite and clay; at the foot end were forty or fifty metal vessels piled together, many of them now so corroded into each other that we could not separate them, but from the mass we have recovered three silver bowls, fluted copper bowls, pots and cauldrons. Nearer to the coffin were tools and weapons of copper, - chisels and saws, lance-points, axe-heads, a mass of studded copper which may have been a shield, and daggers. One dagger had a silver hilt now ruined by corrosion, one a gold handle with a broad lunate top, one a handle of gold and silver with its guard and pommel enriched with gold studs. In strange contrast to these was a little group of flint-arrow-heads! At the head of the coffin was a collection of more precious vessels. Resting on a big copper platter was a tall libation-vase of silver, exactly the vase that we see represented on very early reliefs; by this was a:
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- 2 -that he was suffering from some mental trouble, and on September 23rd he was examined by a magistrate and certified insane. Doctor Taylor, of the Holborn Institution, tells me that he is very violent at times, when a single attendant is unable to control him, and has to call for the assistance of other attendants.I understand that Mr. Hunter is to be removed to an insane asylum almost at once pending a definite decision as to what should be done with him.Doctor Woolley of the British Museum has now sailed for Mesopotamia, but before leaving stated to me that he, through the British Museum, would be responsible for the return of Mr. Hunter to the United States, and the necessary expenses and so forth, and also agreed to notify the University Museum in Philadelphia of Mr. Hunter's condition. This I assume has been done, but would ask the Department to verify the same.It seems best that no immediate effort be made to send Mr. Hunter to the United States as his condition may improve temporarily in a short time, when his transfer to the United States would be more feasible. I shall therefore await advices from the University Museum, or Mr. Hunter's relatives and also wait for further reports as to Mr. Hunter's improvement before taking steps to arrange for his return home.I have the honor to be, Sir,Your obedient Servant,IRVING N. LINNELL.American Consul in Charge130.INI.MH.:
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- 2 -under such regulations as may hereafter apply in general to archaeological research in Mesopotamia.2. I propose a joint expedition on the part of theBritish Museum and of the University Museum to make excavations on the site of ancient UR, and objects thatmay be found in these excavation and allotted to the joint expedition, o be divided between the twoInstitutions by mutual agreement. Each Institution willprovide such share of the funds of the joint expeditionas might be agreed upon; and each would furnish its ownqualified excavator. (As the University Museum has notin mind at this time any such qualified excavator, I wouldsuggest that the appointment should be made upon the recommendation of the British Museum). The records of the joint expedition will be the common property of bothInstitutions, and the rights or duties of publicationmight be assigned by mutual agreement according tocircumstances.The first and chief consideration of the University Museum in making this proposal is a well-considered desireto establish with the British Museum a co-operativerelationship in the interest of scientific research. Theunderlying thought is that such a joint undertaking would,if fairly tried, give mutual satisfaction. With this Thought in mind, I am prepared with your approval to laythe proposal before the Board of Managers of the University Museum, and make an effort to raise the necessary fundsfor the proposed undertaking.In putting forward these proposals, I desire to saythat in both matter and form they are subject to such adviceand recommendations as you may be willing to give in the interestof all concerned.I am uncertain how long I may be in England at thistime. I shall hold myself at your service in case you shouldwish to discuss the subject with ce further. I should be very glad if you would be good enoughto inform me at what time Mr. Hall is expected back from thenear East. If he should return while I am here, I shouldappreciate an opportunity of hearing of his experiences.Very faithfully yours,Director, University Museum ofPhiladelphia.Address:c/o Brown Shipley & Co.,123, Pall Mall,S.W.:
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- 3 - large bowl of pale gold or electrum, and inside that we found a small electrum drinking cup and an oval bowl of bright gold beautifully fluted and engraved. All these things were in the nature of offerings made to or for the dead and were not necessarily his personal property; the more intimate belongings lay inside the coffin. At the feet lay a silver lamp. Behind the hip - the body, terribly decayed, lay half on its back, half on its left side, with the legs bent up as usual - was a mass of beads in gold and lapis lazuli, many of them very large and the stones selected for their fine colour; amongst them were lapis amulets in the form of a ram and a frog, and a copper pin with a head in the shape of monkey exquisitely modelled in gold. On the other side was a mass of ear-rings in gold and silver, finger rings, a gold pin with lapis head, a wreath of gold mulberry-leaves strung on rows of lapis and carnelian beads, a gold and lapis bracelet, and, hidden amongst these, an electrum axe-head. Round the waist was a silver belt from which hung a dagger with a gold blade and a handle of silver and gold in a silver sheath, and a whetstone of lapis on a gold ring. By the shoulders were a lamp and two bowls of gold, and on the right side an electrum double axe. But the most astonishing thing was the head-dress which had fallen from the broken skull and lay by the shoulder; this was a perruque in red gold, a complete covering for the head from the forehead to the nape of the neck, modelled and engraved to represent the hair. The hair is parted in the middle and brought down in crisp waves over the ears, a long heavy tress is wound round the head above a plain fillet of ribbon, and at the back there is a small chignon; the ears are modelled and pierced and below them are cheek-pieces on which are shewn the formal curls of the whiskers. On each of the gold vessels found in the coffin is inscribed the name of the owner, Mes-kalam-dug. No title is given, and the name does not appear on any list of kings, but the name, \"Good Hero of the Land\", might well be royal from its meaning and in form would accord with known names of early kings.:
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- 4 - But it would be safest not to assume too much. The wearer of the golden perruque can hardly have been a commoner, but he need not have reigned; the furnishing of this grave sets it far above all others that we have found, but the grave itself is of normal type and contrasts strongly with the stone-built tomb which we found plundered. Mes-kalam-dug was probably a prince of the royal blood living some little while before the First Dynasty of Ur, about 3,500 B.C., and history would have nothing to say about him, but his tomb has made history for us by throwing new light on the splendours of the early days of ur.----------:
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- 94° in the shade - and a delight full ocean passage, I found here a perfect English climate, storm fog and rain, sunshine and showers. Thank God, there is a fire in the dining room. But the weather man announced [?] more sun in august after the Bank holyday. Please give my regards to the museum staff which has still survived the heat, and believe meYours sincerly L. Legrain[Next page] Rosslyn Lodge Hotel July 31.37 Hampstead. LondonDear Mr Jayne,I am crossing the channel tomorrow after spending a fortnight in London. I am pleased to report a good progress on the printing of the \"Business Documents of the third Ur Dynasty\" which is the third volume of the Ur Texts. It will be as you know a twin volume. The volume of cuneiform Texts is printed and nicely bound, and I received as a gift my first copy. I brought to the Br. Mu. part of the mss [?] of the translations, some:
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- The gold lamp [drawing - scale ?- (artifact: lamp ?)]- The last year [lime st ?] relief (broken) with chariot- The (half) gaming board with animal engraved(The best of this year goes to BaghdadThe good one from last year ... to London)- The queen's [dress?] of thousand beads *London keeps the inlaid stele the chariot (gold lion head) the harp (calf's head) the gaming board etc * The Director and the three assistants declared that they were satisfied of a friendly and fair division. * Questions of transport, insurance, and packing will come to you. I refused to answer any of them. I just think that it would be useful to fix a date and to cut any further delay.Question of copies and duplicate [?] reproduction of objects either in London or BaghdadQuestion of exhibiting in Phila important pieces property of London (Stela at least).I am now busy making a short inventory of our share.An assistant clerk checks it with me and keeps a copy.Hope to be back in Paris Sunday Sept. 30.Yours trulyL. Legrain:
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--including three of the Indian type--copper objects, pottery, beads--and \"the gold wire\" from below water level in front of the Ziggurat..very important according to Mr. C. L. Woolley.The best was the discussion which took place between Smith, Gadd, and myself, on the projected scheme of publication. Six volumes are in hands--including my own on the Third Dynasty tablets actually in the Office in the University Museum--The other tablets are in the British Museum they have been classified by Gadd, and besides those already assigned for work, many more--like the Neo Babylonian and [?Seleucid?] tablets, the mathematical:
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-10-
Archaic. H_d model_d
Plaque
Nude Tympanon:
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-10-the stratigraphy of certain important structures. A full report of his work is not yet at hand; it must suffice to say that his researches met with unusual success. and already his scientific discoveries have awakened much interest and brought a considerable amount of favorable comment from those who are concerned with like problems. Work such as his is not calculated to yield spectacular results in the form of specimens to enhance the beauty of the Museum's collections. It is, therefore, particularly pleasant to note that Mine was Mr. Sabberthwaite didunearthed in the course of his investigations not only one fragmentary pieces of carving dipicting the Maya ball game--probably the most illuminationg of the very illustrations of this subject extant--but also two great stucco masks that were originally part of the nowalmost vanished architectural decorations of the principle buildings, as well asa considerable quantity of eccentric flints, fairly complete but broken pottery vessels, potsherds, and small objects that are the more usual by-product of investigations, such as these have been. To turn from the Museum's work in to the New World to that in the Old World: (Hand inserted arrow moves this line to before the sentance that starts'The pre-Roman town) Excavations were resumed at Minturno, Italy by the Museum's expidition Minturno, Italy early in March. Work has been concentrated in the Theatre area, investigation of the tempting quarter under which lie the remains of The pre-Roman town having to be deferred because of hindrances arising as to in the acquisition of this strip of the land. Yet, with a generosity characteristic of this site since the inception of the Museum excavations, the uncovering of The Theatre and its Scena has consistently yielded most interesting and important objects. Sculpture in marble of the Republican Augustan and later periods has been of frequent occurence-portrait heads, large portions of life sized statures, a series of six figures just under life-size, including representations of Bacchus, Venus, the Muses and other mythological chatacters (obviously architectural decorations of the Theatre) all these are reported:
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-12-the School of Archaeology. I am very hopeful of favourable action. Should this occur it will provide, in addition to the money, a very useful incentive for raising the total fund necessary for the establishment of the School.:
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-13- of the living conditions of the Assyrian city dwellers will be achieved. In last year's report the work of the first season of the Damghan, Persia Persian Expedition under Dr. Erich Schmidt was reviewed and an indication given that the investigations of the prehistoric mound of Tepe Hissar would be somewhat extended during the summer. Thanks most particularly to the generosity of Mrs. William Boyce Thompson and through welcome aid from the American Institute for Persian Art and Archaeology, it was possible not only to continue the investigations but to complete the scientific study of this site and to add a superb collection of unusual objects to the beautiful material already unearthed by this most successful undertaking. It is not possible here to describe in any detail the character of Dr. Schmidt's results and it is less needfull to do so inasmuch as the following current issue of the Journal is devoted to the Damgham Expedition, and rather full reports have been published in each issue of this year's Bulletin. Yet it is pertinent to note that not only did the Expedition complete the scientific studyof the large prehistoric mound of Tepe Hissar, revealing unsuspected culture horizons and racial contacts, but by excavationg the Susanian Palace it added materially to scholarly knowledge of the architecture and decoration of this later epoch, and sounded many other neighbouring sites, so that the total of information gathered represents an unusually rich and extensive corupus of scientific material.:
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-15-Prospects for the year immediately ahead seem to be on the whole better than could have been expected. Given the same generous support from those interested in the Museum's past and future, and the same cooperation from the Board of Managers, it should be possible, even under the heavy burdens of hard difficult times, to continue to show an advance in scientific research and in services to the public.Horace H. F. Jayne DIRECTOR:
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Enkidu
Gilgamesh:
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Chariots
Wheels:
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-2- 12/6/33to be restrained in expression -- ill advised. Even at the most favour-able exchange of $3.25 to the pound sterling, this sum exceeded by severalthousand dollars the amount you knew was allocated to the Museum by the Carnegie Corporation for the Ur publications. No doubt you had arrange-ments with the Oxford Press to underwrite this discrepancy, but it wouldhave been well, we feel, not only to have obtained Mr. Hill's authority have been well, we fell, not only to have obtained Mr. Hill's authority forthis obvious over-expenditure, but also ours. As a matter of fact, as Imentioned above, Mr. Hill had no authority at all to approve or disapproveyour commitments, but plainly you did not realize this, and hence it is not necessary to worry this point. Not for a minute did I believe youwould exceed by even a small sum the amount of the total grant in bringing out these initial volumes; indeed I believed there would certainly be some thing left over for overhead expenses until the next could be issued, and hence your statement of the total expenditures gives me chagrin, especiallysince I feel strongly that at least a word of warning from you would havebeen in order. The above paragraphs written, as I am sure you willunderstand, merely to clarify the situation, and are not to be taken asbeing unduly critical of your actions. Differences arising from financialdifficulties are very repugnant to me, and I would not have this cloud the pleasant relationships that have existed between the Museum and you, quite apart from my personal feelings. I feel entirely confident that aftergiving careful consideration to the above statements you will come to sharemy viewpoint to no small degree.I intend in due course to confer with the authorities of the Oxford Press in New York and come to a successful modus operandi, and Ianticipate no difficulties in that direction. Legrain tells me you hopeto have the book out before Christmas, and if there is time enough for usto take advantage of the holiday season for sales it will be of considerablehelp. We are anxious to see the volume which is no doubt sumptuous. We were particularly pleased to learn you felt it possible to resume the work at Ur this year. We have not as yet had anyinformation to indicate why you had altered your earlier decision not to go out. But no doubt this will soon come to hand. I think we kep allAmerican institutions in line (save the always irrepressible Oriental Institute) with Mr. Hill's suggestion of a united front against digging un- less the proposed alterations in the Antiquities Law were abandoned, and hence it will be a satisfaction to know of the results of this effort.I am sending a copy of this letter to Mr. Hill, with the thought that, since you may have already started for the Near East, nodelay in appraising him of its contents may occur. Yours sincerely, Horace H.F. JayneDIRECTORC. Leonard Wooley, Esq.,c/o The British MuseumLondon, England.:
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-2- 11/24/34what arrangements as to commissions you have with your booksellers; we get sixty per cent net for all sales, which for us are handled by the University of Pennsylvania Press. I am assuming you have a parallel arrangement when I say that the sale of 180 copies will serve to liquidate this debt entirely; I cannot think this will mean more that a year of waiting. I shall not communicate with Oxford, however, until I hear from you that this arrangement is agreeable. So long as the manuscripts are in hand ready to publish it does not, as I see it, matter vastly if their formal publicaton is delayed a year or eighteen months.Yours letter in reply to mine of October 23rd has just come since I started writing this. Because the situation has, I believe, become clearer after my talk with Mr. Keppel, it seems unnecesary to discuss the point about who is to assume the deficit should it not be possible to apply the current proceeds to it.May I hear from you on the above points at your early convenience, for until I have your decision I cannot give Oxford a definite program, and I am desirous of so doing.Yours sincerely,Horace H. F. Jayne DIRECTOR.Sir George Hill, Director,The British MuseumLondon, W. C. 1, England.:
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-2- 12/23/32believe so. your subscription plan would make it available to all those directly concerned with its contents, i.e. students, libraries, and the like and it is to those that the low price is essential. The general public can perfectly well afford to absorb the dealers' commission and a book, it is my opinion, sells just as easlily over the counter for $15. as for $12. I think it would be well for both museums to circularize as widely and thoroughly as possible the people who might subscribe, even though ithis might necessitate some outlay in the form of an attractive announcement with perhaps a sample of the colour plates. If you could forward me your general ideas along these lines I could have prepared a tentative scheme for such a circular which might save you time.Pleas accept my best wishes for a good season, not only archaeological but in every other way, and believe me,Always sincerely yours,Horace H. F. Jayne DIRECTORP. S. Legrain's head of Queen Shubad is abandoned. We have the coronetes and comb separately shown. It is a considerable improvement.:
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-2- 2/12/35edition of 800 copies, unbound. Since our present remittance to the Oxford Press of £381/05 includes approximately £128 borrowed from this Museum's general funds to be paid back out of future sales of Volume II, it will not be possible for us to remit anything toward a forthcoming volume during the calendar year 1935. I have already expressed my sympathy that this should delay the appearance of Woolley's further reports; except to agree to shoulder a portion of the moral blame for the deficit, I will not press the subject further. As soon as it can be demonstrated that further sales of Volume II on your side, over and above the total of £920 reported by you on December 11, 1934, justify our risking the speculation of printing Volume IV, we shall give authority to proceed with its publication; but we feel that this time the responsibility for potential deficits should be fixed in advance. As you point out, in my letter to Woolley of December 6, 1933 I accepted without question for the University Museum the obligation of Woolley's commitments with the Oxford Press up to that date, in view of the fact that Woolley was acting as our agent. I accept it anew but in so doing I remind you that by the same token the Trustees of the British Museum are acting as our agents in the sale of these volumes and are bound to make payments from receipts as we require and only such payments as we authorize them to. I am sorry that I must speak precisely. I shall estimate that sincerity of their concern for the Oxford University Press by the promptness with which your Trustees pay over the balance of the account, in the sum of £920, out of proceeds from Volume II already in hand. In the words of your letter of December 11 1934, we do not appreciate the rightness of the course which you propose. Mindful of Mr. Keppel's expressed desire that every means should be used to effect an agreement between the two Museums rather than that he be called upon to adjust the matter, I have tired of find new viewpoints and new ideas to bring to bear upon you, but after repeated readings of your letter of December 11 it would seem that our positions on this one matter may prove irreconcilable. I am sincerely filled with regrets that this difference should have clouded a very successful relationship of twelve years between the two institutions; it is still my hope the present trouble is not an augury of any further difficulties. Humanly speaking, I think you can count on our eventual assistance, in addition to the proceeds from sales, after our deficit is met, in publishing late volumes of the series with other Museum funds. AS for Woolley's own situation, about of the series with other Museum funds. AS for Woolley's own situation, about which you show concern, it will please you to learn that my managers are favourably disposed to my proposal to continue paying our share of Woolley's salary through June 1936, and we are all gratified by the progress he is showing. You must realize as well as I, though, that if they are to continue amenable I cannot appear too often before them with apologies for the British SituationVery sincerely yours,Horace H.F. JayneDirectorSir George Hill, Director, The British Museum, Long, W.C.l:
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-2- In view of the grant of $3500 from the American Philosophical Society for the publication of volume 4, the proposed price of the volume, five pounds, 15 shillings, seems too high-a price of four pounds per volume more reasonable. In the long run this might bring in more money. However, the final decision on the price we leave to you. If all this seems satisfactory to you and forms a basic agreement on the coming publications of the Ur volumes, may I then suggest that the whole matter be left in the hands of Barnett and Kramer, who could carry out all the essential details. As one final comment, Woolley's impending volumes 6,7,8 and 9, rather give me the creeps after the incredible difficulties we had with the last volume. Would you be very unhappy if we stalled the next publication for awhile This is not to avoid the moral responsibility, which we both have to see that the data exentually is published.Most sincerely,Froelich RaineyDirectorFR:ad:
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-2- 3/5/34However, no matter what criticims are advanced, I do believe these volumes do our two institutions a great deal of credit--and of course the Carnegie Corporation. Yours sincerely, Horace H. F. Jayne DIRECTOR:
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-2- 10/26/32satisfaction to all of us, as I know it will be to you, the father of the plan.Yours always sincerely,Horace H. F. JayneDIRECTORC. Leonard Woolley, Esq.The British MuseumLondon, England:
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-2- 3/15/35subject further. AS soon as it can be demonstrated that further sales of Volume II (the Royal Cemetery) on your side, over and above the total of £920 (it should, as explained above, be more like £820) reported by you on December 11, 1934, justify our risking the speculation of printing Volume IV, we shall give authority to proceed with its publication; but we feel that this time the responsibility for potential deficits should be fixed in advance\". As I pointed out in my letter to Dr. Jayne of 11th December last, if the original grant intended to be used for the entire series of volumes be saddled with a heavy deficit on the first volume, the whole scheme collapses. It is not a question of delaying the publication of next two volumes for a year or eighteen months; it will take about that time to pay off the balance of the deficit and thereafter publication would have to wait until sales had yielded enough to cover its cost; and in the actual state of the book trade there can be no question of raising by sales a further sum of £1,500 within anyresonable period of time. If the scheme collapses, the rputation of both Museums will suffer, since they will have failed in their obligation vis a vis the Iraq Government to publish an adequate report of their excavation. In the present state of anti-foreign feeling in Iraq this would be most unfortunate. At the present time Mr. Wolley reports that Vols. III and IV of the series are ready for publication: the cost estimated by the Oxford Press for the production of these is, Vol. III £561, Vol. IV £1,556. The sums now in hand from the sales of the Royal Cemetery would, if devoted to their original purpose, justify the Joint Expedition in proceeding with the printing of these volumes. Volumes V and VII of the series are now in preparation. My Trustees will be greatly obliged if the Executive Commitee of the Carnegie Corporation will give their authoritative interpretation of the terms of their Grant, and trust that should the Corporation be otherwise disposed to modify the original intention of those terms they will take into careful consideration the points enumerated above. I am, Sir, Yours obedient ServantS/ George Hill Director and Principal Librarian.:
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-2- 7/6/31It is very gratifying to learn that your work on the cemetery material is progressing; it must indeed be an immense task; but a satisfactory one to do when you find your earlier conclusions so well verified.Please give my kind regards to Mrs. Woolley and Mrs. Mallowan and believe me,Yours sincerelyHorace H.F. Jayne DIRECTORC. Leonard Woolley, Esq. British Museum London, W.C.L. England:
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-2-10/15/34Since then requests for payments by the Oxford Press and Mr. Woolley seem not to have been honored, although Mr. Jayne now informs you that they have been holding and apparently are still holding over $5,000. of the Corporation's Grant.Mr Jayne now says that this grant has at all times been carried as a separate account \" fully secured by uninvested cash in the Treasurer's hands.\" I do not doubt his statement. But anybody, I think even he, will admit that the extracts I've made from the quotations of correspondence that Mr. Woolley has sent me are enough to make me wonder what has happened to the money the Carnegie Corporation had paid and the Oxford Press could not obtain. It never occured to me that, in an institution like the University Museum, the vacation season and the illness of one employee would suspend the orderly administration of this grant.Third-There is no need for me to write about the differences in judgement concering the timing of remittances to take advantage of the exchange.Fourth-Similarly I will not now write about the problem of the deficit which might have been avoided.Fifth- But I do want to say that Mr. Jayne seems to have fallen into an unfortunate misunderstanding concerning the purpose of the gift. Mr. Woolley says that as the Carnegie Corporation's grant was made on the basis of the memorandum which he submitted to you he filed copies of the memorandum both in the University Museum and the British Museum. As this would have been the obvious thing to do and as he is most businesslike and orderly in such matters, I shall be a good-deal surprised if it is made to appear that he did not thus advise the University Museum of the plan upon which the grant was basedYours sincerely,s/ Henry James.:
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-2-10/15/35The Museum news would not be complete without the announcement of the arrival on October 12th of an 8lb.;? oz. daughter in the Dam family. WE are all well and as busy as beavers--how do you manage to accomplish so much with the many visitors, inside and out, most of whom have axes to grind. I hope you and Mrs. Jayne had a good time in Persia and Iraq. My very best regards to you both. Sincerely yours,:
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-2-12/5/32I hope we may have a good season with plenty of success to report. My best regards to your wife and all good wishes for the (approaching) season.Yours very sincerely,s/C. Leonard Woolley:
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-2-12/6/33it is not necessary to worry this point. Not for a minute did I believe you would exceed by even a small sum the amount of the total grant in bringing out these initial volumes; indeed I believed there would certainly be something left over for overhead expenses until the next could be issued, and hence your statement of the total expenditures gives me chagrin, especially since I feel strongly that at least a word of warning from you would have been in order.The above paragraphs are written, as I am sure you will understand, merely to clarify the situation, and are not to be taken as being unduly critical of your actions. Differences arising from financial difficulties are very repugnant to me, and I would not have this cloud the pleasant relationships that have existed between the Museum and you, quite apart from my personal feelings. I feel entirely confident that after giving careful consideration to the above statements you will come to share my viewpoints to no small degree.I intend in due course to confer with the authorities of the Oxford Press in New York and come to a successful modus operandi, and I anticipate no difficulties in that direction. Legrain tells me you hope to have to book out before Christmas, and if there is time enough for us to take advantage of the hokiday season for sales it will be of considerable help. We are anxious to see the volume which is no doubt sumptous.We were particularly pleased to learn you felt it possible to resume the work at Ur this year. We have not had any information to indicate why you had altered your earlier decision not to go out. But no doubt this will soon come to hand. I think we kept all American institutions in line (save the always irrepressible Oriental Institute) with Mr. Hill's suggestion of a united front against digging unless the proposed alterations in the Antiquities Law were abandoned, and hence it will be a satisfaction to know of the results of this effort.I am sending a copy of this letter to Mr. Hill, with the thought that, since you may have already started for the Near East, no delay in appraising him of its contents may occur.Yours sincerelyHorace H. F. JayneDIRECTOR.C.Leonard Woolley, Esq., The British Museum, London.:
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-2-13. The University Museum paid $530.96 miscellaneous expenses here (cables $26.86; Bailey $489.70; Phila. Blue Print $14.40)14. The University Museum rec'd from sale of vols. to Mar. 31, 1935 $1473.5 less charges $234.10 $1,239.4015. The university Museum paid to the Oxford Press, Mar. 1935 £391/0/5 ($1825.09):
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-2-5/25/34Review CopiesLondon: Illustrated London News The Times Daily Telegraph Morning Post Antiquity Journalof the Royal Asiatic society Expository Times Antiquaries JournalPrague: Archio OrientalniRome: Rivista degli Studi OrientaliJerusalem: La Revue BibliqueDania: Acta OrientaliaLondon: Burlington MagazineTotal 13Of these 6 were exacted by the Copyright Law; 16 are in our departmental libraries; 13 were sent out for review; the rest were presented to individuals who contributed either by writing or work or money.I think it would be well if a limit were fixed on both sides.Yours sincerely,s/ George Hill:
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-2-8/1/33P.S. I have just seen Woolley. He agrees to your proposal about Hamoudi. He thinks that the utmost that would be wanted would be (pound symbol)50 a year, and he would, if it were made up to him, take the responsibility of paying it over, for a limited term, so that it should not be regarded as a pension.As to the question of the text being revised here, there seems to be a grave difficulty. Woolley himself said nothing, when I mentioned the matter, except that a great deal of the MS. was already in the printer's hands; to which I replied that then he could submit the proofs. However, Sidney Smith takes a different view. Revision by him or Gadd may mean one of two things. Either it means merely responsibility for checking references and inventory numbers. If so, Smith simply has not got the time himself or the staff to do it. (Gadd is just off to constantinople, by the way, for some weeks). Nor is it really the kind of work which ought to be done by him. I fancy, however that what you mean is the other alternative. As you know, Woolley holds certain views about dating of tombs, etc. He is perfectly entitled, as excavator and a man of great experience in Mesopotamian archaeology, to hold his own views. But Smith and Gadd do not agree with him. What your experts think, I am not in a position to say. But this is clear, that if Smith were to read the proofs, he would be bound to say that such and such views were wrong, and as Woolley would stick to them, there would be a dead-lock. And if Woolley's views are allowed to pass, it must be made clear that the experts take no responsibilitiy for them. It seems to me, then, that the proper course to take is to allow Woolley to take his own line, and prefix a Preface, of a purely official kind -- you and I could sign it jointly, if you like --saying that the excavator and the other experts are each responsible for the opions expressed in their several sections. What do you think? Meanwhile I will tell Woolley he can continue on his own for the present.s/ George Hill:
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-2-8/8/33The circular would, of course, have a specimen page; would you wish copies of that also to be sent to you?I did, I think, write and thank you for the blocks of the bull's head and for photographs which reached me safely. I was also glad to get Miss Baker's plate of beads, though I am very sorry that it could not be completed--there were two or three things for the illustration of which I had relied on the colour drawings and I am grieved to miss them; that however cannot be helped, and the loss would not warrant damage to her eyes!In order not to deal with too many subjects in one letter I am writing a second; it seems just as well that it sould be separate. So here endeth the first epistle.Yours sincerely,s/ C. Leonard Woolley:
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-2-9/10/34While on this subject my President instructs me to say that in undertaking to pay Mr. Woolley's salary for the current year, our Board does not necessarily assume any obligation to continue such salary payments beyound this time. I have no doubt we shall be in a position to do so, but with the disturbed state of finances we cannot bind ourselves to any extended program of expenditures.Also, could you let me have, at your convenience, a statement of the amounts received by the British Museum, either directly or through its agents, on the sale of the Ur Publication, Volume II? These, as the amounts we have received, must, of course, be applied to the printing bill, and until I have the figures it is difficult to draw up a program of payments to the Oxford PressFinally, let me express my thanks to you for keeping us informed of the situation in regard to the Iraq Antiquities Law. We are this year resuming work at Tepe Gawra; while we have not registered a protest at the changes in the law I think I have made it plain that in all respects we are in substantial agreement with the objections you raise in your communication. Since the continuation of our work in Iraq is not directly dependent upon receiving a share of the finds, etc., I could not feel we were in a position to threaten wholly to withdraw our expeditions unless alterations in the law were made, but I believe it is clear that we consider it will be just as irksome to us as the other institutions, to work under newly enacted provisions.Yours sincerely,Horace H. F. JayneDIRECTOR:
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-2-artistic material; while the importance of its Egyptian, Chinese, Greek and Etruscan collections, similarly derived, are fully as well recoginized. And its collections of Alaskan, of Mayan and of Peruvian archaeologi are of primary importance.Africa and the South Seas provided an opportunity to assemble outstanding collections of the second category: no american Museum can better the University Museum's collections in these fields, nor can the richness of the groups of South American ethnology be equalled.This is a satisfaction but it is also a challenge. It is not unduly conceited to say -- and it is derived from actual experiences --that no Philadelphia institution is as really well know abroad as is the University Museum. Vast resources for years enabled it to forge ahead in its particular field of development; and thus to achieve great distinction. It is a matter for congratulation that despite severe financial reverses this outstanding Philadelphia institution has shcceeded in carrying on.The natural history museums send forth parties to every quarter of the world; so does the University Museum. But the University Museum's expeditions are not constantly moving from place to place; their's is not the obligation to provide specimens in bulk nor to light upon new species. It is, rather, to gather methodically the data revealed by the remains of past ages. Twelve long years were spent at Ur of the Chaldees before it was felt proper to call anhalt to the work in order to leave something for secceeding, more fully informed, excavators to unearth. Eight years at Beisan, five years at Tepe Gawr and at Piedras Negras --these figures serve to indicate how little haste is possible in archaeological research.But important as its Expeditions are, the University Museum's collections cannot be disregarded as important to Philadelphia's cultural:
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-2-CASE B.M.21 continued. ( 1 large gold lapis & carnelian. beads.( 2 \" lapis beads.( 1 three strand. with gold rings.( 2 Gold.( 1 \" leaves (2 strand).Necklaces. ( 2 lapis & lapis & Gold.( 1 carneln. & gold beads.(1 \" (large).( 1 \" 1 long & 3 small gold beads.( 1 long lapis.2 Necklaces.1 Whetstone with gold wire ring.1 Frontlet with one long carneln. bead.9 lapis roundels with 4 gold surrounding rings.1 Obsidian bowl.1 Gaming Board with pieces.1 Whetstone.2 Ivory Roundels.1 crushed helmet & skull.1 clay female figurine.1 handle black & white rings.26 small Bronze objects.7 \" Terracottas.15 \" Miscellaneous objects.CASE B.M.22. 8 Alabaster & Stone pots.1 Silver Stand.CASE B.M.23. 15 Copper Weapons, implements, bowls, etc.1 Syrian axe.1 Gold leaf earring.1 \" Ring.1 Silver Pin.1 Cyl-seal.1 Lapis Necklace.3 Stone vases.1 \" handle for dagger.2 Whetstones.:
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-2-considerable time had been spent in uncovering an area some forty feet by seventeen feet.\"The first object found was the harp,\" Woolley states in his report. \"A staff-head of gold was turned up, and then several copper nails with large gilt heads. Discovery of these inspired a careful search which disclosed a hole running down into the earth, from the side of which nail-shafts projected into the void left by the decay of the original wood of the harp.\"A stout wire was inserted and the hole filled with plaster of paris, thus making a cast of what proved to be the upright beam of the harp with the remaining nails, which were the keys, in their correct positions. The beam was bound with gold below and ended in a shoe of bitumen, probably employed as a non-conductor of sound.\"The base of the instrument was boat-shaped, of wood edged with a narrow band of gold and lapis lazuli, and on it stood the sounding-box from which the twelve strings had been stretched to the upright beam. This was of wood, also completely decayed, but its exact form was preserved by the inlaid border of red, white and blue, made from haematite, shell and lapis.\"It was a narrow box rectangular on three sides but raking forward in front and ending in a large calf's head of gold with top-knot and formally curled beard of lapis lazuli and shell, and lapis eyes. Below the beard the front of the box was decorated with shell plaques engraved with mythological scenes and coloured with black and red paint.\"The second big discovery was a chariot. Here too, the wood all had perished, leaving only hollows in the soil, but the decoration again enabled us to recover the original design. And the decoration was marvellously rich. All the woodwork had been outlined:
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-2-desertion of the city) cut across the Temenos not far from the east corner of the Ziggurat; its deeply eroded channel had been filled with wind-blown sand attaining a depth of more than three meters, and since part at least of the channel comes within the limits of our work very heavy preliminary clearing was involved. Already where the upper levels are preserved we are beginning to find walls which may be those of the Third Dynasty buildings surrounding the Ziggurat of Ur-Engur; in the more eroded parts all traces of such late periods have vanished and immediately below the sand we encounter heavy walls of burnt bricks and bitumen which date from the First Dynasty and rest on mud-brick walls probably of still earlier date. No objects worth mentioning have been found, but for the history of the site things promise very well.:
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-2-former director of the Pennsylvania Museum, of the second Fogg Expedition which centered its activities in the Gobi desert and Chinese Turkestan. The new director of the University Museum is responsible for the publication in 1928 of the journal, \"Eastern Art\", which is the only publication in this field written in English. Langdon Warner, and the Hamilton Bell, curator of the John G. Johnson collection, colllaborated with Mr. Jayne in this effort, and Mr. Warner and Mr. Jayne are still editors of this magazine.In addition to his magazine work, Mr. Jayne in 1920 edited and puclished two volumes of the letters of his grandfather, Horace Howard Furness, the noted Shakespearian scholar. He also was responsible for organizing the Persian Exhibition at Memorial Hall in connection with the first international congress on Oriental Art which was attended by Gaston Migeon. Lawrence Benyon and other international authorities.The new director's family has long been associated with the University of Pennsylvania. Mr Furness was for many years a Trustee; Mr. Jayne's father, Horace Jayne, was dean of the College for a number of years. In addition, Horace Howard Furness, Jr. Mr. Jayne's uncle, was recently elected a Trustee of the University. The family has also endowed the Jayne Course of Lectures, part of the Univereity extension, in memory of Henry LeBarr Jayne, an uncle.:
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-2-moment that it is a ruinWhile the excavation of Nebuchadnezzar's temple was still in progress the division of the antiquities found during the season between the Iraq Government and the Expedition was effected. Those allotted to the latter filled fifty-three cases. Amongst them are many of the oldest objects that have yet been unearthed in the Mesopotamian valley.:
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-2-Persia (continued)Schmidt here by mid-April Arthur Upham Pope substituting for him tomorrow's lecture. Has visited Damghan, etc. Schmidt's cableRussian ProjectDesirability of going forward therewith: a. Invitation from State Academy to participate in Expedition b. Golomshtok's abilities and accomplishments studies of Paleolithic in Russia placing of papers by Russian scientists in Am. periodicals A. J. A., Am. Anthropologist, S.A.O.S., Science News Letter, etc.c. Saving previous investment in this work - almost $5000.- 1931 trip east$ 1931 trip red. Present expedition would keep Golomshtok in our employ at least until his work was completed or until times were improved.e. Cost $5250 including share in costs of excavations, etc. and money for purchases - part of which certainly resalable.Guatemalan ExpeditionMexican trip - visit to Chichen, etc Shipment of monuments - installation thereof Museum of Modern Art - loans:
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-2-stone construction deep under ground, a thing unique in the cemetery - indeed the only stone building yet found at Ur, where stone is a far-fetched luxury, - which had been plundered in antiquity and gave us only such things as the robbers had overlooked. Then in a grave of normal type and only somewhat larger in size than most we found the burial, absolutely undisturbed, of a royal prince who lived some hundreds of years before the First Dynasty of the Kings of Ur, perhaps as early as 3500 B.C., Mes-kalam-dug, as his name was written on the gold vessels which he took with him to the grave, does not claim to have been a king, but of his royalty none can doubt who sees the character and the quality of his possessions. The most remarkable of them was a head-dress of beaten gold padded inside with cloth; it fitted over the whole head, covering the neck and cheeks; on it the elaborately dressed hair and whiskers are represented in repousse work and engraving, so that it might well be called a gold wig, though whether it really was a ceremonial head-dress or a helmet to be worn in battle there is no means of saying. Nothing of the kind has ever been found before in Mesopotamia nor do the texts speak of any survival of such a thing into later periods, so that the discovery of the actual object was more unexpected than any we have yet made. Close to the head were two bowls and a lamp of gold, each inscribed with the name of the owner, Mes-kalam-dug \"The good hero of the land\"; a battle-axe of electrum lay by the shoulder, and by the side another axe-head also of electrum; from a silver belt hung a dagger with golden blade and hilt of silver and gold. On either side of the body were heaps of beads in gold and lapis lazuli, gold and silver ear-rings, a gold pin with lapis head, a pin with gold head in the shape of a sitting monkey, finger-rings and other small objects of personal wear. In an annexe outside the coffin there were masses of vessels in clay, in steatite and alabaster, in copper and silver, two electrum bowls and one bowl of yellow gold beautifully fluted and engraved; on the ground:
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-2-the Director & the Trustees of the British MuseumJune 6th 1942- Letter of C. J. Gadd. \"Authorized to say that they (the Br. Mu. Trustees) would doubtless accept your proposal to take over the existing materials for Vol III of the Ur Excavations Texts, and to complete the publication in the form an by the means which you have indicated...\"Feb 10th 1945- Letter of C.J. Gadd to Dr. L. Legrain \" May I ask, unofficially, whether any progress has been made with the project of finishing your III Dynasty Texts in America;?... having heard nothing since 1942..\"N.B. Mr C. J. Gadd. it was agreed, supervised the publication of the CuneiForm Texts.B- Archaeological series is published for the Trustees of the Two Museums, and by the aid of a grant of the Carnegie Corporation of N. Y. under the direction and control of Sir Leonard Woolley.Vol. I, II, III, V. have already been publishedVol. IV. by Sir L. C. Woolley, is in manuscript ready for publicationVol VI \" Ur Terra Cottas ,, by Dr L. Legrain is almost finished (98 plates of photo. reproduction), and a catalogue-The financial aspect of the undertaking, is beyond the competence of the present Reporter L. Legrain:
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-2-the time. Gazelles and scorpions are the most common, but impressions of coiled serpents, asses, dogs, fishes, birds, bulls, and lions were also discovered. One of the seals displays a cattle byre and milking scene.The Joint Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania Museum and the British Museum is now entering upon the seventh year of its work. The last month of the old year ended auspiciously with discoveries further corroborative of a state of civilization as advanced as that of the Egyptians.:
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-28-
Chair
Back & seat
w. relief impress:
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-3- From the material referred to and quoted about I con-clude that all charges incurred up to 10/27/39 for the publica-tion of Volume III of Ur Excavations: Texts have been paid in accordance with agreements made from year to year between the British Museum and the University Museum to bear charges equally. No further charges have been incurred. There is no present legal obligations to proceed with the publication of Volume III of the Text. The is presumablyently no right in the British Museum to incur charges joint liabilities in connection with the publication of this volume. If it is now desired to complete publication of the volume,negotiations may be entered into between the two museums looking toward an agreement for incurring liabilities and sharing the expenses of printing the balance of the second part of Bolume III of the Texts and of any collateral work which may be required in order to complete the publication of this volume.Very truly yours,Howard A. Reid [hand written signature]Howard A. Reid Attorney:
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-3- 11/16/33presented by the Oxford Press until publication is complete and by that time the rate of exchange will certainly be even more unfavourable that at present and the capital will not suffice to meet the bill.Since all instructions to me as Director of the Joint Expedition are supposed to come through the British Museum I referred the matter to Dr. Hill. We sent two cables, one in my name and on in his own, which were dispatched to you on November 9, explaining the evil consequences of delay; your cable in reply to the first of these , sent on November 14, was submitted by me to Dr. Hill and answered by him on November15.I would remark that the sum of $5,000. remitted by you in January last, when rates were no longer so favourable, produced (pound symbol)1493.13.0. The difference between that and the November 1932 rate on the one hand and the actual andprospective rates on the other is indeed catastrophic: and contracts were made in 1932.You will understand that two things concern me. The success of the scheme for financing future volumes of our series out of the proceeds of this--and it was that scheme which elicited the Carnegie grant--is endangered if out of those proceeds we have to make good the deficit on publication price: as the person responsible for the grant I feel this deeply. Secondly the sudden change of policy on the part of the Board seems to reflect so adversely on myself as to make my position most difficult. I appreciate your personal reluctance to forward thse decisions of the Board, but I would ask you to point out to the Board that in submitting their instructions to Dr. Hill I have conformed to the recognized procedure of the Joint Expedition.Yours sincerely,s/ C.Leonard Woolley:
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-3- Education Dep't. Report 32 talks to School classes totaling 1069 children11 talks to adults, including Chinese lectures,with total attendance of 178. GiftsMrs. A. L. Howe, Sioux pipe bag, war club and arrowS. W. Fernberger- Ocarina from Costs RicaJ. Alden Mason - archaeological objects from DelawareMrs. Dwight Robinson - Mexican pottery head.:
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-3-9/21/34of texts also. The Director of the British Museum has suggested that the latter point ought to be submitted to the Carnegie Corporation. If there be any doubt as to their original intention; on the former he holds that the terms of the grant are clear and that the proceeds of sales of this volume are intended to finance the publication of the next. Here is the difficulty of my position. I have two volumes virtually ready for the press, but cannot approach the Oxford Press for an estimate while they are still unpaid and do not know when they will be paid for the work already done. It is proposed to divert to the payment for the first volume the money which I had regarded as the natural advance-payment for subsequent volumes (on this point I would remark that both Museums have money resulting from sales, and I had counted on the joint sum); I feel that the scheme with which I approached the Carnegie Corporation, and to which they gave practical approval, is being seriously compromised and that the lines of action approved by them are not being followed. I am likely to stand condemned in my own eyes of having obtained their money under false pretences. The Board of the University Museum was no party to the negotiations which I undertook with the Corporation and it certainly interprets the terms of the grant very differently from what was, on my side at least, intended by those terms - did so, in fact, from the moment when it passed the moneys received from the Corporation into its general fund; and I can fairly say that the results so far have been bad. If I am right in thinking that the memorandum submitted by me was indeed the basis of the grant and if in the opinion of yourself and other members of the Corporation and terms of that memorandum ought to be and are not being observed, I wish that a word to that effect might be passed to the President of the Museum Board; if I have been mistaken throughout, I have only myself to blame, but if I have been right in my view of the matter I should welcome a hint to the Board which might relieve my personal position, now become almost intolerable.Please forgive me for bothering you at all, and for bothering you at such length.Yours sincerely,C. L. Woolley.:
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-3-a flower carved in relief, one with cattle in relief; the latter, though not of fine workmanship, is particularly important as serving to date other known examples. Two stamp seals and one cylinder seal, beads of carnelian, shell and lapis lazuli and a few copper objects also came from the graves; but perhaps the most important result was the securing of a number of skulls, some in very good condition; only one fragmentary skull of the period was on record hitherto, and our collection may go far towards clearing up a very vexed racial question. The Jemdet Nasr graves lay in rubbish containing quantities of al'Ubaid potsherds of the later type and rested on or were dug into the surface of the now habitual bed of silt which we must connect with the flood; we have dug through this into the lower occupation-strata in which the pottery is exclusively al'Ubaid (we got here one complete painted cup, fragments of figurines and an interesting bead of carved baked clay) and are approaching sea level and virgin soil this shaft will substantiate in a most useful way the conslusions based on the stratification of the \"Flood pit\" dug three seasons ago.It has been a short season but, I think, an eminently successful one, for in each of our objectives we have had results better than I had ventured to hope for, and the work in the deep shaft, which was not part of the regular programme, has p roved most remunerative both in its upper and in its lower levels.\":
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-3-a wholeIn addition to developing the direct educational activities of the Museum, under Mr. Jayne the Museum's research expeditions have been greatly expanded and increased, its various lecture series have been developed and its collections mad available, in a variety of ways, to a far larger public than heretofore. Despite the fact that the institution has had very severe losses in revenue from all sources, its organization has been kept intact and its services to the schools and the public have been definitely increased.Mr. Jayne, in addition to his post at the University Museum is a Director or Manager of the following learned bodies.Library Company of PhiladelphiaFairmount Part Art AssociationPhiladelphia Art AlliancePennsylvania Society for the Promotion of Arts and SciencesGeographical Society of PhiladelphiaAmerican Institute for Persian Art and ArchaeologyEducational Council of the University of PennsylvaniaEdwin Forrest HomeAnd is also a member ofAmerican Philosophical SocietyAmerican Oriental SocietyAmerican Council of Learned Societies, Comittee on Indic StudiesArchaeological Institute of AmericaVisiting Committee, Department of Archaeology, PrincetonOriental GesselschaftAssociazion Internazionale Studi Mediterranei:
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-3-equipment. indeed we can boast of their preeminence over that of other cities. What chiefly characterizes the Museum's collections in general is their quality not their quantity. In Chinese sculpture, for example, no single collection anywhere can in quality touch the assemblage of pieces in the University Museum. Yet it is not that many pieces are it is rather a small collection. But of what quality! The glazed pottery Lohan--best of his tragically reduced family-Flanked by Tai Tsung's horses; the great Ming temple frescoes; the dated stone Kuan Yin and her two gilt bronze colleagues; the Buddha meditating in dry lacquer, and the three severely dominant figures of the Chi dynasty--these objects never to be forgotten. In Egypt all the lower floor of the Coxe Wing is a treasure house of the years of the Museum's work at Memphis; the great columns of the palace of Meranphtah spring upwards and crowned with their lotus capitals; the Arabic room with its ingenuously carved wood and stone, its translucent glass traceries, its varicolored pottery and mosaic fountain basins. While on the floor above, the mummies rest wrapped in silence and the cloaks of ages, and the sculpture ranged in the most perfect of clerestory light is the envy of many a more extensive museum. Yet the collections on view are but a small part of the Museum's usefulness. There are the study rooms packed with duplicate materials, the laboratories for the restoration and rehabilitation of delicate metal objects, the photographic plant, the repair rooms and the large number of scholarly helpers--largely volunteers--who further the research that is the Museum's fundamental aim. Back of all the work within the confines of the Museum itself are the Expeditions. By it constantly with new collections, new information, new realms of discovery, they are basically the reason it advances, they are the:
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-3-lay daggers with hilts of silver and of gold, and against the ends of the pit there were spears stuck upright in the earth, one of them with its shaft mounted with gold. It was indeed a royal treasure that rewards us thus early in the season, and were the remaining months of work to prove barren we could still be content with a success beyond anything we have yet known at Ur. ------------:
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-3-with narrow bands of inlay in blue and white, or red and white, against a black background.\"A rail ran around the top, decorated in this fashion with blue and white circles; attached to the rail and facing outwards were little heads of lions and bulls, all of gold and six on each side of the chariot. From each side of the body of the car projected three larger lions' heads, also of gold, the eyes inlaid with lapis lazuli, and the manes, waved across the chest, represented in lapis and shell.\"Two large panthers' heads of silver stood out from the front uprights and in front of these a rail ran for the width of the body decorated with smaller silver heads and with inlay. On the pole of the chariot was a rein-ring of silver surmounted by a 'mascot' of electrum in the form of a donkey which for realistic modeling must rank as one of the masterpieces of ancient art.\"We had never hoped to recover from the salt-laden soil of Iraq the design of things so perishable as these. Now, for the first time, we can realize the extraordinary richness of the furniture which a Sumerian king might possess in the middle of the fourth millenium before Christ.\"The chariot had been drawn by two asses, and at the head of each ass lay the groom, as if still holding the reins, while a third groom lay by their side.\"The whole group reminded one of the description that Herodotus gives of the funeral of a Scythian King, though whether here the animals and the men had been impaled as in Scythia, or merely killed and permitted to lie in their places, there was no evidence to show.\"On three sides of a 'clothes chest' and under the offerings:
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-4- Anthropological Society of Philadelphia Philadelphia Archaeological Society Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology Numismatic and Antiquarian Society Shakespeare Society of Philadelphia:
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-4-8/6/31Miss McHughMiss Caldwell can show you to whom I have written and a list of possibilities that have not been approached and I must ask you to bend every effort to achieving these needful others.I am leaving a letter for Woolley apologizing for my absence when her arrives. You will be on hand to act as referee, when and if needed, between him and Dr. Legraian and I shall be back at least to pick up the feathers.Gunn should not arrive until I am back, but if I am delayed and his coming is imminent will you engage the necessary rooms for him at a 'pension'; you can see his needs by referring to his last letter to me. Strathhaven Inn at Swarthmore occurs to me as a possibility, or, if he prefers the city, something in West Philadelphia. But I do not think this matter will trouble you, since I calculate to be back by September 20th at the latestFor our own lecture program I have worked out with Mr. Brock a form that preserves the appearance of our little red book yet gives the very pleasing results obtained by Miss Moore's Junior Membership leaflet. But this cannot be printed until it is definitely known whether Woolley will speak on October 31st. I have had no word from him confirming this, but otherwise the copy is ready and can be printed whenever you say so.I really believe that is all, except to tell you the addresses at which I can be reached, and these are (so far as I can now determine) as follows:August 17th - 23rd Care American Express, RomeAugust 25th - 31st \" Morgan & Co., ParisSept. 1st - 12th \" Brown, Shipley, LondonI may try to go to Czechoslovakia to see Fewkes & Co. sometime during the last two periods but I sahll leave forwarding directions if I do. You will, I trust, offer prayers for success with Oberlaender.For your information you had better read the recent letters:
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-4-life blood of its vitality. So long as its expeditions are maintained as Philadelphia's outposts of discovery the University Museum will continue to be foremost among the City's vital institutions.:
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-4-piled against it, we found human bodies, not properly laid out for burial but huddled up as if death had overtaken them suddenly. The body at the chest seemed to be that of a person of some standing, for round its forehead was a frontlet of beads of gold and lapis and two lengths of gold chain, while gold ear-rings were in the ears. Perhaps the keeper of the wardrobe carried on his duties to another world.\"In a shallow trench sunk in the floor of the main shaft and a little to one side of the chariot lay the bodies of five men, and a sixth was on the trench's edge. These had nothing to distinguish what service they were to render for their dead master.\"At the far end of the shaft the harp with the golden calf's head stood at the head of a trench in which were thirteen bodies. One body was crouched against the harp, the arm-bones actually mingling with the decayed wood of the sounding-box, as if death overcame the harpist as he played.The rest of the bodies lay in two parallel rows. Two were of children, the rest apparently of women, and all were dressed alike. At least, each wore on her head the same elaborate headdress, crescent-shaped gold earrings grotesquely large, a veil held in position by a slender copper pin, over the veil a sort of net of narrow gold ribbons which crossed on the top of the head and ran in two bands across the brow, and between these two bands a double string of lapis and carnelian beads from which hung gold pendants in the form of mulberry leaves.\"There could be little doubt that these women comprised the harem of the king. It was a curious point that they had with them none of the objects which appear uniformly in common burials and may be regarded as the necessary equipment for the next world, but:
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-5- 10/9/34But the interpretation of this situation is in your hands, of course. We can but abide by whatever you decide and naturally with willingness. If, however, you decide that the first course is the one to be taken, then the question arises how is the deficit to be handled, and again I shall be only too happy to abide by your decision. My feeling would be that it should be shouldered by both institutions equally, but if you deem it necessary that we underwrite it wholly it will be grievious burden when we are just struggling into an even keel, but it is one that we can, of course, assume.I do most deeply apologize for the length of this letter. I should rather have talked the various angles of the matter over with you but perhaps you can imagine the unpleasantness of resting unspoken under implications which, as they come to me, could not but be regarded as anything but deeply concerning. I am at your service, of course, to discuss the whole matter most exhaustively, either on any of the points set forth above, or on any that I am not aware that Mr. Woolley has mentioned in his letter. If discussion is needful (and it would be a great help to me in formulating my course) I can come to New York anytime to suit your convenience. In any case I trust you will not let me long remain in a difficult shadow which can be, I wish to assure you, immediately and entired dispersed.Sincerely yours,Horace H. F. JayneDIRECTOR.F. P. Keppel. Esq., President Carnegie Corporation of New York, New York, N.Y.:
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-5-should be liquidated from the sale of the publication. The two Museums not having come to a satisfactory agreement on this question, an opinion has now been asked of the Carnegie Corporation by the British Museum and their decision is awaited before final action can be taken\".:
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-5-talks; on the other, the public through tours conducted among the collections, continues to extend its usefulness and bring out the educational value of the Museum's collections.:
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-5-the fact that such lack was not due to poverty is proved by the richness of their head ornaments.\"It must be that they, like all the others buried here, were subordinated to a common purpose; it was not their grave, but the king's; there was no question of supplying their wants in a future life because they died expressly to satisfy the wants of one greater than themselves.\"For there is no question here of the faithful servant dying and being buried with his master. The grooms at the asses' heads were killed in cold blood. They were chattels which the king took with him in case he might have need of them hereafter, just as he took his silver and gold vessels, his heavy copper adze, a set of spears with golden heads and shafts bound with gold and silver bands, the women of his harem, and his gaming board and dice.\"In one part of the shaft area we found no objects of any kind, but here was a rectangle of large rough limestone imbedded in clay. It was only one course thick and sloped down from the side of the cutting toward the centre of the grave. It may well be that this was the altar on which wore sacrificed the human victims to the king's majesty.\"The gaming board found in the king's grave is not so richly decorated as one found last season at Ur, but is made more interesting by the fact that beneath it were found in neat piles the two sets of playing-pieces and the dice. One set of 'men' is composed of simple black squares inlaid with five dots each; the other is of shell squares engraved with animal scenes. One set of dice is of shell with lapis dots, the other of lapis with gold dots.\"Among the offerings piled against the 'clothes chest' were stone vases, jars of white calcite or alabaster, great bell-shaped:
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-6-chariot had been dragged to the door of the tomb, and the asses drawing it and the grooms leading them slaughtered there. The abundance of strikingly beautiful objects, and the light they throw on the prehistoric age in Babylonia make these discoveries the most important of this century in archaeology, and it is a rare privilege of Philadelphia to have contributed to their discovery, and to have here our share of the finds, on public view in the University Museum, where, if you will come to see them, the docents will be glad to tell you more about them:
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-6-steatite bowls, a circular pomade-box with close-fitting lid of steatite, a vase of black and white granite, an oval bowl carved from a large block of obsidian, and a spouted cup of lapis lazuli.\"One very charming object was a small semi-circular silver box, with a lid of inlay work, revealing a lion in white shell engraved with a red set against a lapis background, and close to this was a little gold toilet set of stiletto and tweezers on a gold ring.\"There were a few copper tools and weapons, the most interesting being a pair of axes of a very primitive type such as are represented on shell reliefs found at Kish, and, even more surprising, a set of gold chisels and a full-size saw also made of gold, perhaps the last thing one would expect to find in that metal.\"At one end of the box lay a sceptre of lapis and gold; among the stone vases were two large silver lions' heads, and at the other end of the box was a mass of vessels more or less carefully arranged according to material.\"There were piles of copper bowls and tumblers, one inside the other, and facing these were fifteen silver tumblers nested in sets of five; silver bowls, round and oval, and a tall libation jug and a patten.\"Right against the earth wall at the back of the shaft we found four magnificent gold vessels, the most precious of the offerings dedicated to the dead man. Two were plain and two decorated with fluting and engraving.\"Of the plain vessels, one was a lamp with a long trough spout; the other, a chalice so beautifully proportioned that any applied decoration would have been out of place. One decorated vessel also was a lamp, but of a different type, and the other was a straight-sided tumbler.:
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-6-There is nothing dry about modern archaeology, despite its forbidding name . And few things in museums today attract such widespread interest as the things that have just ben unearthed by the museums expeditions at work. But it must not be lost sight of that the things in themselves are not everything; though they may be beautiful or interesting, it is what they tell us of history tht makes them valuable. They are the sole records, in many instances, of people who lived and laughed and sorrowed and died in the Past of the human Race.:
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-7-\"These four pieces must rank with those from the grave of Mes-kalam-dug as the finest examples of gold work ever yet unearthed in Mesopotamia.\"Taken as a whole, this royal grave which belongs to the oldest series - although it need not be earlier than 3500 B.C., and might even be a century later - has illustrated the extraordinary degree of material civilization which Mesopotamia enjoyed in the fourth millenium B.C., and how much this country was in advance of contemporary Egypt.\"Indeed, it has done more than that. It makes clear that the art of that day already was old and stereoptyped, even decadent, for if the figure of the donkey on the rein-ring is startling in its realism and was the work of an artist who drew his inspiration from nature, the heads of lions and bulls, the commonest of all subjects, are informed by a tradition already hard and fast, so one feels that these from the tomb are likely to reproduce faithfully originals some hundreds of years older than they are.\"But the moral aspects of the early civilization which the grave presents are wholly new and unexpected. Probably here too we have a survival of a much earlier custom. Certainly the graves of the common people show nothing of the kind, and by the time men began to write history, they had either forgotten or were ashamed to record the barbarous practices of their forefathers.\"In Egypt the graves of the kings of the first Dynasty illustrate the latter stages of a similar custom - perhaps another link between the Nile Valley and the Euphrates at that period - and the wooden figures placed in later tombs may bear witness to the same primitive ideas finding expression in a more humane make-believe,:
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-8-carried on scientific investigations for the Museum for the last eighteen years ore more. The major part of our outstanding collections of Maya art and archaeology are due to his activities and his unequalled knowledge of the area and his careful investigations of little known sites have, when published by us, add greatly to our scientific standing in this field.Mr. Burkitt's latest report describes an inportant group of objects acquired for our collections which, as favourable opportunities present themselves, will be forwarded. The report includes also a financial statement which shows that the sum of $2200 $2500 is owing Mr. Burkitt, nothing having been sent him for the past eighteen months or more. I will ask you to approve an appropriation in the sum of $2500 to be forwarded him that he may continue his valuable work in our behalf.The internal activities of the Museum continue to advance. A rearrangement of the American section is in progress, whereby the fine South American ethnological collections made by Dr. Farabee are being transferred to the lower entrance hall where, more advantageously displayed, they will receive the appreciation that is their due. The Eskimo Hall is being repainted and reinstalled and the other galleries in the lower west wing will at the same time be rearranged, it is hoped, more effectivley. The new suites of offices are virtually complete and by the next meeting can be shown to you in actual use.:
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-8-these people will always be the most attractive.Of these expeditions, those working in Cyprus, in Egypt. at Meydum, at Beisan, at Tell Billah, Tepe Gawra, Fara and Ur, all have autumn or winter seasons and their reports of progress come regularly to your attention during the coming months. I wish , therefore, now to tell you particularly of the summers results of the Persian & WA Italian expeditions, whose discoveries in the past few months have been of outstanding interest.:
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-8-\"But that such a custom of burial as that just discovered ever prevailed in Mesosopotamia, we had no knowledge until the spade brought to light this tomb-shaft with its final pomp of royalty, the gold-decked women of the harem laid out in ordered rows in a place apart, the musicians and the servants at their tasks, and the men on guard.\"For the history of civilization the discovery is of the greatest importance in both its aspects. It has supplied definite information which is absolutely new to science, and it affords material for theories still more far-reaching.\":
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-9-has close and pleasant relations of many years standing to assist us at this time and permit us to carry on without impossible curtailments our scientific work and the dessemination of its results for the education of the citizens.One matter more requires your action. When the current operating budget was drawn up last May we were obliged to look upon the darkest side of the picture and eliminate every single thing that was not essential to the operation of the Museum. One of the last to go and especially to be regretted was the fund for the purchase of books. It is among the provision of the George Leib Harrison Foundation that a part of the income may be used for increasing the Library, and it has been customary regularly to make appropriations, therefore, for this purpose. there is a small existing deficit now in the Book Fund amounting to a little ove a hundred dollars; to cancel this and enable us to make certain essential additions to the Library I am asking that you make an appropriation of $500 from the accumulated income of the G. L. Harrison Foundation for this purpose.The Educational Department, despite curtailments of staff and of resources, is carrying on very effectively. From October 16th to November 16th a total of 53 classes were given lectures in the classroom with a total of 1769 students. This compares favourably with the attendance of last year and the demand for appointments is greater than ever before.:
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-BM. UnivMu: share costs of exc.-No arrang ts about publications-Woolley obtained Carnegie grant(for Vol II- Royal Tombs)-proceeds of sale to finance success. vol. (III & IV).-Ready in 1937. IV. VI. VII. VIII. IX (X. Terra Cottas)-Grant did not come from the Trustees!W still titular director of Joint -Exp concerned raising/using.-Terms of grant: Could only sell(no free copies on exchange agreement)- Money ear marked for Further publication No report from Univ Mu. sell cash. Br Mu. still holds (pound symbol):520 American?-Might sale. Vol II at sacrifice price. Future vol. more economic. Looks at Vol IV-Would like. Vol. on TC. sent to him.:
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10 Dec. 1926Dear Dr. Gordon,I am at present correcting the proofs of al-'Ubaid, and as Woolley had to leave for Ur before he could see his page-proofs, I have had to settle many queries on his proofs for him. On the enclosed p. 80 you will see a description of an object at Philadelphia, a small [?] head, for which he planned to [get] an illustration, but of which no photograph or any other reproduction exist here except the rough sketch in the Excavation:
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10.[centred text] BRICKS.ADDU[?]-ADAD.N[centred below opening bracket]New inscription of this hitherto unknown patesi. One example.UR-ENGUR.Type 1. Inscription known, see S.A.K.I., p.186, Backstein B. Found in situ in main wall of Dr. Hall's building. Two examples.Type 2. Inscription known, see S.A.K.I., p.186, Backstein A. Found in situ in first storey of ziggurat. Several examples.Type 3. Inscription known, see S.A.K.I., p.186, Backstein C. Found on surface. Several examples.Type 4. New type of stamp. Found in socket-box in main-wall S. of E-NUN-MAH. Two examples.SULGI (DUNGI). [superscript \"v\" over S]Inscription known, see S.A.K.I., p.190, Backstein B. Found in situ built into a pavement in Dr. Hall's building. Two examples.BUR-SIN. Type 1. Inscription known, see S.A.K.I., p.196, Backstein B. Found in situ in outer wall of E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H]. Several examples.Type 2. Inscription known, see S.A.K.I., p.196, Backstein C. Found on surface. Several examples.Type 3. Inscription is the second column only of S.A.K.I., p.198, Backstein D. Found loose outside N.E. wall, E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H].:
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1020: T.c. relief. Bearded male. Horned mitre spiral curls. (w.cross)
1369: Lower fragt. pleated skirt. Emblems on either side:
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11 photos 2 given for pressBRITISH MUSEUM,London: W.C.1.7th January, 1929.Dear Mrs. McHugh,I enclose Woolley's report, which elucidates his cable. As this will go by the mail of Jan. 9th, it should reach you by 16th or 17th at latest; but to leave a margin for arrangements, and in case of accidents, I propose Jan. 22nd as the date of publication.I propose to allow the Times two photographs, viz. one of the bull's head and one of the harp, which I have marked with a X, reserving the rest, as he requests in a covering letter, for fuller publication when he has sent some additional photographs.I trust these arragements will commend them- selves to you.Yours sincerelyF.G.Kenyon:
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11 plates of photos attachedUR.November 30, 1924.Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the progress made by your Expedition.The main work has been in the area between the Ziggurat and the NW wall of the Temenos, and although much remains to be done here I can already say that good results have been obtained. The work done has sufficed to prove one thing which I had for some time past suspected, namely that the Temenos wall traced during the first season was wholly late in date, belonging to the Neo-Babylonian period and not necessarily coinciding with the line of any earlier Temenos wall. This of course is most important for the restoration of the ancient city and it also means that our work in future need not be confined to the limits which the discoveries of 1922 - 1923 seemed to determine. / As regards positive results, I might summarise as follows. Ur-Engur's ziggurat was built on a raised terrace of which we have found the NW wall; this is built of mud brick, is steeply battered and decorated with shallow buttresses like those of the ziggurat itself: we found the inscribed nail-like cones of Ur-Engur driven into the wall face at regular intervals, a discovery which will finally put to rest the many theories current as to the use of these cones. A later ruler, probably Dungi, strengthened the original wall by adding to it a facing of burnt brick, and this was again hidden by a second facing wall due to one of the Larsa kings; on the terrace thus enlarged a shrine of the Sun god seems to have been erected by the high priest En-an-atum son of Ishme-Dagan king of Isin in honour of Gungunu of Larsa, while other building operations were carried out by Arad-Sin and the patesi Silli-Adad. In the 16th century B. C. Kuri-Galzu incorporated part of the areain the westward extension of his great columned court; by this time the limits of the ol d terrace had been lost and the level outside it considerably raised; the sacred area was defined anew when the Neo-Babylonians put up the mud-brick Temenos wall. Nabonidus when he restored the ziggurat swept away virtually all the constructions between it and the temenos wall and buried their remains under a new platform level which was kept clear of buildings; a few huts put up in the Persian period only served to mark the decline of the site.I hope, before stopping work on this site, to be able to shew the main line of the ziggurat platform and its subordinate buildings at each period; the work is heavy, but the scientific results [struck out single letter] obtained are quite new. The site does not yield much in the way of objects, and for the most part is not likely to do so, though I trust that later, when we come to dig behind Ur-Engur's retaining wall we may find remains of the older buildings underlying the 3rd Dynasty platform.As it seemed robable that I should have to bury under a dump-heap the E. angle of the Courtyard building I had cleared first, and the result was peculiarly interesting in view of the fact that my report of columns being found last year in Kuri-Galzu's Court has been vehemently attacked by the German school of archaeologists, who would not admit of columns at so early:
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11 September 1948. Dear Dr. Rainey, As I am just about to go off to Turkey for about three months I must write to you to report progress. Progress has not been quite what I hoped. In my letter of 9th July I told you that I proposed to bring out vol. I as being within the limits of the funds at my disposal; but I was then reckoning on remaindering vol. II, and since then the Trustees here, while adhering to the retail price of the volume at £2.50 (9 dollars) have decided against wholesale remaindering, so that I am short of the capital I had hoped to realise on it. Moreover, owing to the absence on hiliday of the head of the Oxford Press in New York, I have not yet heard whether or on what terms that Press would agree to undertake the distribution of future volumes. That being so I have decided to go on at once with the printing of Legrain's volume (Vol. X.) on the seals; that is a small volume, well within my means, and although I have asked the Oxford Press for an estimate I have none the less instructed them to take in hand for an estimate I have none the less instructed them to take in hand forthwith the printing of at least part of it, so that by my return to England things ought to be well under weigh. The question or distribution can just as well be settled later; and when we have the estimate or cost we can settle the selling-price. I am tempted to suggest a relatively high price so that proceeds, even if sales are not above the average, may leave the fund at least not worse off than it is now and facilitate the issue of the next volume; but that is a matter to be settled not by me but by the Trustees on both sides. P.T.O:
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11.[centred text] BRICKS(ctd.).ISHME-DAGAN.Known inscription, Found lying between E-MU-RI-ANA and E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H]. Several examples.ENANNATUM.Known inscription, see S.A.K.I.p.206 (2). One example. Surface.NUR-ADAD.Two fragmentary pieces of an inscription probably to be assigned to this king. Surface.SIN-IDINNAM.Two fragments, probably duplicates of S.A.K.I.p.210 (d). Found loose in E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H], Room 33.KUDUR-MABUG.Known inscription, see S.A.K.I.p.210 (6), Beckstein A. Found in walls of E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H]. Several examples.ARAD-SIN.New inscription recording the building of a canal called \"Nannar is king\". Found loose on S. side of E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H].KURIGALZU.Type 1. Known inscription = B.M. 90,029, 90,050, 90,060. See Guide(3) p.63. Found fallen from walls of E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H]. Two examples.:
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11/8/26Photographs of these specimens are desired by Mr. Gadd:
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12.[centred text] BRICKS (ctd).KURIGALZU (ctd.).Type 2. New inscription recording restorations in E-GIS-SIR-GAL [superscripts \"v\" over both S's] and on same wall. Only one example found and left in situ in Room 33 18 of E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H].SIN-BALATSU-IKBI.[subscript (?)'(?) under T and K]New inscription recording restorations in E-GIS-SIR-GAL [superscripts \"v\" over both S's] by this Chaldaean governor of UR in the reign of Ashur-bani-pal. Found loose between E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H] and E-MU-RI-A-NA. Two examples.NEBUCHADNEZZAR IIType 1. Known inscription = B.M. 90, 138-41. Found built into pavement and probably fallen from walls of E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H]. Several examples.Type 2. Inscription from different stamp with slight variants on Type 1. Found in pavements and round E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H]. Two examples.Type 3. Brick resembling a voussoir, but probably not used as such. Same inscription as Type 2. Two examples.NABONIDUS.Type 1. Known inscription = B.M. 90, 148-54. Found in pavement W. of ziggurat E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H], on glacis of ziggurat, and surface generally. SEVERAL examples.Type 2. New(?) inscription recording restoration of ziggurat. Found in pavement W. of E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H] and surface. Several examples.Type 3. New inscription concerning the erection of the E-GIG-KISAL. Found in E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H], Room 27. One example.:
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12/13/33-3-(2) \"A grant in aid of such publication made to either of the two Museums could be used by it for their join purpose without putting any obligation on the other Museum\". (Extract from the Carngie Grant memorandum)I need hardly point out to you that Sir George Hill's cable regarding your view as to the way in which any deficit in the Fund should be met was based on the view that the Fund was an independent entity and the concern of the Joint Expedition. His view is of course to be traced to my own belief.December 15.Since the above was written I have received from the Oxford University Press an approximate statment of final charges based on the actual work done and including the printing of 3000 copies of the prospectus and colour-plates for the same; I am glad to say that it comes to only (pound symbol)5697.16.0., which is about (pound symbol)800 less than the original estimate; I had, as I said above, taken a maximum figure, but had not expected so radical a reduction.By the way, you speak in your letter of enclosing for confirmation copies of telegrams exchanged; these were accidentially omitted.Now about the book. I am to have advance copies before I leave England, and 600 copies will be ready very soon after, the rest following quickly. I have not yet had word from you as to the numbers of copies required or whether they are to be bound or in sheets, and I hope to hear before I go; but if I do not I shall leave provisional instructions, which can be modified by any instructions sent by you, to the effect that of the first 600 copies 200 shall go to you at once, and of the next batch 40% . As to the circulars I must await your instructons, but I have reserved for your use a batch of 2000 of the specimen coloured plates (I am sending out many of the circulars without such). I am afraid that it is too late for the holiday market.This I think is all and it is indeed enough;!Yours sincerely,S/ C. Leonard Woolley:
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12/3/25Dear Kenyon:In the sheets that have been sent me containing the list of objects found at Ur, presumably a copy of the original register, I find that the numbers run from 1 to 1054 only. A memorandum which I have from Dr. Legrain shows that the numbers in last season's campagin, 1924-25, ran from 2501 to 3356. It would appear therefore that we have received a copy of the register for the first campaign only and that the second and third are lacking. This leaves me in a rather awkward situation. Could you manage to have copies of the remaining lists made and sent to me? There is just a chance that they might still reach me in time to be of use to me in arranging the exhibition. In any case I will need them. Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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1370(?) not [not written in blue pencil]:
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13th July, 1935 Dear Dr. Jayne, (1) As I wrote to you on 15th March 1935, Father Burrow's volume on the Archaic Texts from Ur is now ready. It will contain 50 plates of copies of the cuneiform texts, 37 plates, an autograph list of signs, and 65 pages of introductory and explanatory text and indices, together with about 6 collotypes of selected types of tablet, for epigraphical study. It is estimated by Messrs. Harrison, who printed the similar volume previously, that 350 copies can be produced for [pound symbol] 362. 10s.; but this does not include the cost of the collotypes last mentioned. Allowing for this, we reckon that the total cost would be about [pound symbol] 400. My Trustees have accepted this estimate. In your letter of 23rd October 1934 you were good enough to say that you hoped that the Pennsylvania Museum would be able to bear half the cost. Payment will not, of course, be required until the appearance of the book, i.e. probably not until late in the autumn. (2) You will doubtless have been informed that, as a result of conversations between Mr. Jessup and myself, Dr. Keppel and Mr. Jessup are recommending that the Carnegie Corporation pay off the debt to the Oxford Press standing at [pound symbol] 920, and in addition make up the sum of [pound sign] 381. 0. 5., to be earmarked for the next volume, so that all the proceeds from sales of the \"Royal Cemetery\" may be devoted to financing the next volume, and that we may proceed with the publication on the line originally proposed, according to our interpretation of the conditions, the proceeds from each volume being used to pay for the production of succeeding ones. When we approach the end of the series of volumes, it may be necessary to ask for an advance from the funds of the Museums, to be repaid from future sales; otherwise, when the series is complete there will be an accumulation of money for which there would be no use according:
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150mm[crossed out due to error]
Found at same place.
Papsukal-Mud Fig. Traces of white plaster remain. Human bodies with dogs heads, left hand held across chest. rt. arm bent at elbow and held upright.
EAgle headed-genies-4 wings carries cove in the rt. hand &bucket in the left hanging
CF-Jastrow Builders Type 60
CF Nippur CBS. 4552-Four wing_d demon amulet-left down-Rt. raised-suspension ring over head. Human body scorpion tail. :
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15th July 1924.My dear Gordon,I have delayed answering your letter of June 23rd, because Mr.Joyce, the author of the Maya Guide-book, was away, and it was necessary that I should hear what he had to say about the passage of which you complain. On looking up the footnote to which you refer, I was relieved to find that the note as a whole did not convey the same impression of censure as the passage which you quote, when read by itself. To me, reading it without any knowledge of the events referred to, the whole of the note appeared to be governed by the fact mentioned in the first sentence, viz. the occurrence of a landslide. No blame is suggested for the non-recognition at first that a landslide had occurred, and presumably it could not be recognised until the excavation had proceeded some way. Therefore I read the non-recognition as a misfortune and not a fault. The most careful excavation may involve the destruction of some evidence, without any blame attaching to the excavator, especially when the true conditions are unknown in advance. That is how I understood it.Therefore I can truly say, first that, reading the passage without any idea that it referred to work with which you were concerned, it did not occur to me that anyone was being censured (in/which case I ought to have inquired into the circumstances referred to), and secondly that, on reading it again after receiving your letter, I do not think it/contains:
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16a = 1RExchange is slightly lower than 13.3R = 1£JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIATO MESOPOTAMIA.STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR NOVEMBER 1927.A. TRAVELLING. £ s d Rev. E. Burrows 70. 0. 0 B. WAGES. Paid out to workmen, Nov. 5. Rs.791. 8 Nov.12. 677. 13 Nov.19. 988. 11 Nov.26. ----- 727. 12 Dec. 3. 770. 15 3954. 9 = 296. 13. 9. Wages of guards for 5 weeks 28. 10. 2. Wages of foremen for one month 21. 0. 0. ----- ----- ----- ----- C. PURCHASES FOR WORK. Printing 4. 4. 9. Customs dues Rs.258. 6. Expenses on car 250. 9. Basra agents' account 82. 11. Post and telegrams, Ur, 55. 8. Small antikas 35. 5. Drugs 49. 0. Stationery 15. 5. Varia purchased for work 54. 11. 801. 10. = 60. 5. 4 801. 10 > corrected to 801. 7D. COMBINED HOUSE AND WORK EXPENSES Water contract for month 15. 0. 0. E. LIVING EXPENSES. Food stuffs from Nasiriyah 191. 2 from Baghad 110. 15 from Basra 15. 12 from Ur 7. 12 325. 9. = 24. 8. 3. House servants' wages 15. 15. 0 Building new servant's room 55. 12 Purchases for house 56. 3 111. 15 = 8. 7. 3 Papers 1. 5. 11F. SALARIES. C. L. Woolley 66. 13. 4 M. E. L. Mallowan 16. 13. 4 TOTAL £623. 17. 1. [OK]:
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1923-24The Ziggurat of Ur.During the whole of our digging season the greater number of the workmen have been engaged upon the clearing of the Ziggurat, and before the work closed down this, the most imposing of the monuments of Ur, was fully exposed as it had not been since its destruction in the fifth century B.C.In each of the chief cities of Mesopotamia there stood of old one of these ziggurats or staged towers wose ruins today dominate the lower mounds that were temples or palaces. They were great solid structures rising up tier above tier, each stage smaller than the one below, so that the whole had the effect of a stepped platform; stairways or sloping ramps led from the ground level to the summit,and thereon was set a little shrine dedicated to the city's patron god. The amount of labour that went to the building of such a tower was immense, and one wonders why it should have been incurred so regularly in every great town. The explanation seems to be that the Sumerians were originally a hill folk, accustomed, as all hill folk are, to putting up their temples and their altars on the \"high places\" and on \"every high hill\"; when they moved down into the plain of Mesopotamia, where the flat alluvium stretches unrelieved to the horizon, they felt the need of the \"high place\" where god could be properly worshipped and so set to and built artificial mountains whereby man might approach nearer to heaven. The tower of Babel was meant to storm the throne of god with prayer at close quarters rather than by force of arms. The ruins of Khorsabad have given us the remains of one ziggurat fairly well preserved and Herodotus has left us a description of that of Babylon; the Greek's account is none too clear, but he evidently is describing a building very different to that represented by the ruins, and we can only gather that whereas the idea of all the ziggurats was the same, in plan and in ornament they varied much one from another. Therefore the clearing of that at Ur, the best preserved of all the ziggurats in Mesopotamia,was bound to be a work of great interest. Much of the history of the monument was already known, for in the middle of last century Mr. Taylor, excavating on behalf of the British Museum, had found the inscribed clay cylinders whereon Nabonidus, last king of Babylon, recorded how he had repaired and completed the tower begun but left unfinished by Ur-Engur and his son Dungi, kings of Ur about 2300 B.C. We knew therefore that we should have to deal with buildings of that early date and of the sixth century B.C. Actually of Dungi we have found no trace, and we can only conclude that his work was limited to the upper structure which was swept away to make room for the new buildings of Nabonidus; it is safer to assume this than to suppose that Nabonidus was in error, for the king was a keen archaeologist,[???] fond of digging up the foundation-records of his predecessors and basing his statements upon their written evidence; that he did so here is sure, for at the corner of the second stage of Ur-Engur's work, below an unbroken pavement laid down by Nabonidus, we found a hole driven right into the heart of the brickwork, a hole that could only have been made by the later king's workmen searching for the old foundation-deposits. Even without the later foundation-cylinders (further examples of which were found by us this year) it would have been possible to assign to each king his own part in the building, for the royal stamps of the bricks left no doubt on the subject, except indeed where the later builders re-used some of the material taken from the earlier walls. The whole of the lowest stage is due to Ur-Engur, and everything visible above it to Nabonidus. There is nothing to tell us what the upper part of the original ziggurat was like; that of the sixth century B.C. can be reconstructed in all its essential lines. The lowest stage is a rectangle measuring about 220 195 x 150 feet, the short ends straight, the longer sides slightly convex, as if to give an appearance of greater strength to the centre, where the building was highest. It is solid throughout, of crude brick inside with a thick facing of baked bricks laid in pitch for mortar; to secure a bond, reed mats dipped in pitch were laid between the brick courses at regular intervals. The quality of the bricks and that of the bricklaying is astonishingly good, and much of the wall face is as clean and new-looking as when it was first built. The surface is relieved by shallow buttresses; a further variety is afforded by the numerous \"weeper-holes\" running right through the thickness of the burnt-brick wall for drainage of the filling which with-:
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1924 DEC 23 PM 8 03NYA1058 9 SUBJECT TO CORRECTION CABLEBASRAH 23 410PGORDON (FOR GORDON CARE THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM U.OF P. 135533RD AND SPRUCE STREETS)ANTIQUE PHILADELPHIAACANONEIS TAPOTEUR ABJUGABAM REEGEITEN RANCISSE WOOLLEY.Present address unknown I do not think he willaccept responsibility. I cannot recommend him.Woolley:
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1924-25 A Great Temple of Babylonia.By C. Leonard Woolley, Director of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia.More and more clearly as the work of excavation goes on at Ur of the Chaldees do we see the real nature of the Moon God's temple. To understand it one must rid one's mind of all ideas derived from the self-contained and isolated unity of the temples of Greece, of Rome or of Egypt; here there is a different conception of the deity and corresponding to that a diferent conception of how he should be housed. The Babylonian god was a king, the Lord of his city; he controlled its destinies much as did the temporal ruler and therefore he must have his ministers and his court; he was agreat landowner, and therefore he needed stewards to manage his estate: there are preserved lists of the functionaries attached to a temple which have a curiously mundane sound; of course there is a High Priest and a body of priestly satellites, but we find too the sacristan, the choir-master, the treasurer, ministers of War and of Justice, of agriculture and of housing, a Controller of the Household, a Master of the Harem, and directors of live-stock, dairy-work, fishing and mule donkey-transport. All these carried on their duties in the Temple precincts, and so the Temple is not a single building but a huge complex which is at once temple and palace, government offices and stores and factories.At Ur this complex, called E-gish-shir-gal, covered an area some four h hundred yards long by two hundred yards wide, surrounded by a heavy wall. In the west corner of the enclosure was a raised platform also defended by walls, whereon rose the ziggurat tower, and below the ziggurat stood the particular private house of the God. If in some respects we might compare the whole temple to a rambling mediaeval moastery, in others we might find the best parallel in a mediaeval castle, with the ziggurat and its platform representing the keep, the walled temple enclosure the inner baily, and the walled city beyond the outer baily; for the god of the Babylonian city was a War Lord, and his house was a house of defence, the final stronghold of his people. Just as in a cathedral there are chapels dedicated to many saints, so in E-gish-shir-gal there were many shrines where subordinate gods received their worship, but these buildings are relatively unimportant: even E-Nannar, the Moon God's own house on the terrace, was not very large and in mere area was completely outdone by the more secular buildings which crowded the sacred Temenos. Upon the character of these a vivid light is thrown by the inscribed tablets found in the ruins, and fortunately, just as our plans of the site grow more complete and more complicated, tablets have turned up in far greater numbers: apart from isolated finds, which are common enough, we have this season hit upon one small hoard of documents dating from the time of the Larsa kings (about 2000 B.C.) and a very large hoard, which indeed we have only started to unearth, dating from the last years of the Third Dynasty of2:
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1924-25During January the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has carried on work on the site of the Convent built by king Nabonidue for his daughter, a large part of which has been unearthed in December, and has excavated a temple of Nin-Gal, the wife of the Moon god, lying immediately under the Ziggurat tower in the corner of the walled enclosure which in late Babylonian times when the levels of the site had changed replaced the terrace originally laid out round the ziggurat: and another small shrine in front of the steps of the tower has also been cleared.The ground-plan of the Princess' convent has been recovered almost in its entirety, a fine large building well designed, with dwelling-houses at the back, then offices, schoolrooms etc. surrounding on three sides the great paved court, and on the other side of this the ancient sanctuary of Dublal-makh enlarged and converted to the orthodox scheme of a Babylonian temple but still [undecipherable] retaining as its core the two-chambered shrine built by king Bur-Sin seventeen hundred years before and restored by the piety of many subsequent rulers of Ur.Most of the convent buildings were found in a deplorably ruined state, and today virtually nothing of them is left, for all has had to be removed in order that we might reach the lower levels. Six or eight feet below the foundations of the Nabonidus house lies another big range of buildings con-nected with E-dublal-makh in its earlier form: again there is a great court-yard paved with brick, and about it offices and stores, but now the old shrine stands isolated on a plinth of fluted brickwork and the walls, presered to a [undecipherable] man's height and more, bear on their bricks the royal stamps of Kuri-galzu, of Sin-idinnam, of Ishme-dagan and of Bur-Sin, and date back to more than 2000 years before Christ. Numerous objects were found in the process of removing the upper strata, little copper watch-dogs that were buried beneath the floors to protect the house, fragments of sculpture and of inscriptions, vases of bronze and of clay and terra-cotta figurines; but the most interesting discovery was of a hoard of clay tablets which preserve the records of the business affairs of the temple over a space of two or three years about 2200 B.C. There are inventories of the lands attached to the Nannar temple, lists of the rent and tithes paid by the farmers on those lands, little clay receipts for every pound of butter or pint of oil or head of sheep that was brought in to the great store-house, and monthly and yearly summaries of all these receipts; lists of the payments by the town merchants in hides or woolen thread, gold and silver and copper; issue vou-chers duly dated and signed and sealed for everything that the temple stew-ard gave out to the priests and functionaries of the temple, to the guards and sweepers, and to the men, women and children employed in the temple work shops; and then there are the pay-books and registers of these workshops, recording how much raw wool was handed out per month to each employee and how much finished cloth each one produced, and all the details of how much grain, oil, etc., was supplied to each as rations and pay, the amount vary-ing according to the age and utility of the worker. It all gives a wonderful vivid picture of how life went on in the great building through the ruins of which one walks today, repeopling it with a very real past.:
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1926-7<ins>DEBIT ACCOUNT. £. s. d.Payments to Eastern Bank by Philadelphia 2500. 0. 0. by grant 1250. 0. 0. *subscriptions 703. 10. 6. per C. L. W. 135. 0. 0. ditto (Iraq) per C. L. W. 152. 10. 0. â subscriptions after May 1. 397. 10. 0. [total] 2638. 0. 0.[note: the total shown above is hand-corrected to read 2638.10.6] (this includes £250 <ins>230-13 due for the year 1925-6).â (this includes A. L. Reckitt £250 not yet paidBy interest 2. 3. 5.By sales of reports and stock 38. 9. 0. [subtotal] 5178. 12. 5.By interest 1. 12. 5. [total] 5180. 4. 8.:
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1927-8The sixth season's work at Ur undertaken by the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has already proved to be the most successful of all. Digging began on October 17th, so that little more than a month has passed, and yet we can report the discovery of the most remarkable objects that the soil of ancient Sumer has yet yielded to archaeology. The first part of our programme was the continuation of work on the early cemetery which last year gave us the golden dagger. From the very outset the dig prospered and every day brought in some new treasure of ancient craftsmanship - engravings on shell, gold beads or pendants, a finger-ring decorated with a minute cable pattern or with cloisonne work set with lapis lazuli, cylinder seals finely engraved in lapis, crystal or shell and sometimes set in gold; moreover the excavation of a new quarter of the cemetery confirmed and added much to the knowledge that had been acquired last year, for though there had been a great deal of plundering in antiquity the levels here are less confused and we could gain a better idea of each period. Even the changes of fashion can be traced. At one time the women wear a sort of hair-net made of gold ribbons between which runs a double string of coloured beads, lapis and carnelian, hung with gold mulberry leaves, and the ear-rings are grotesquely large pendants in the form of a crescent moon; later the same gold ribbon is used in a different way. It is twisted in a spiral round two long tresses that hange from above and these braided locks are then brought one above the other across the front of the head so as just to overlap an oblong plate of gold tied over the forehead, and now the ear-rings are quite small spirals of gold and silver interlaced. Had we but gone on as we began we should have had an excellent season and brought back a rich collection of objects; actually we have enjoyed astonishing good fortune.One disappointment we had had, the discovery of a royal tomb, a solid:
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1927During December the work of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has been unusually varied. There were left over from our previous seasons a number of loose ends that had to be tied up, buildings not wholly excavated, theories not satisfactorily proved and requiring more digging for their proof, and I decided to devote, if necessary, a whole month to work which might seem desultory and prove unremunerative but was essential to a proper understanding of the site. Now most of our difficulties have been cleared up, but in the process we have not only obtained good scientific results but have secured a finer collection of small objects than in any former year.The discovery of a new gateway where we had conjectured a straight wall completes our ground-plan of Nebuchadnezzar's sacred Temenos and throws new fresh light upon the nature of the buildings inside it; the gateway lies directly in front of the façade of the Ziggurat, and as it is the most imposing of all the gates there can be little doubt that the great courtyard (only partly excavated as yet) which lies between it and the Ziggurat stairs is the main temple of Nannar the Moon God. We have completed the excavation of the buildings which lined the Ziggurat terrace along its south-west side and can follow their vicissitudes back from the time of Nabonidus (550 B.C.) to a period when the Ziggurat as we know it was not yet built; walls of plano-convex mud brick shew that at least as early as 2800 B.C. there stood here a tower which was to be buried beneath the massive pile of Ur-Engur. In the temple of E-Nun-Makh we have dug down below the brick pavements of Nebuchadnezzar and have found the memorials of an earlier king of Babylon, one Marduk-nacin-ahi (1117-1100 B.C.), who now figures for the first time in the history of Ur, and here too we found what is probably unique in Mesopotamia, an inscription on ivory in the Phoenician language, and with this a set of Phoenician toilet articles in ivory including a beautifully engraved comb. A small excavation on an outlying site rather over a mile from the:
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1927Rec'd Jan 1928During December the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania had the good fortune to discover at Ur two more royal tombs dating back to the fourth millennium before Christ.The first of these was of the elaborate sort which seems to have been peculiar to royal persons and was accompanied by human sacrifice on a lavish scale. A large rectangular pit had been dug, approached by a sloped ramp, in one corner of which was built the tomb proper, a a stone chamber roofed with arches of burned brick and entered by an arched doorway. It was astonishing to find that the builders of that early time were already familiar with the arch and the vault, architectural features which were to remain unknown to the western world for another three thousand years. The vaulted tomb was to receive the body of the king and all his personal belongings required in the next world; the remaining area of the pit was for offerings of a more general nature and for the bodies of those who should accompany their dead lord. When we excavated it it looked like a shambles. The tomb had been plundered in antiquity and in it we found only the leavings of the robbers, but even so we had reason to be content; a frontlet of gold chains and gold and lapis beads had been overlooked; there was a very fine gaming-board set in silver with all its squares made of shell plaques engraved with animal scenes and coloured in red and black; and against the wall, buried in the fallen stones but yet miraculously preserved, [indecipherable] a silver model, two feet long, of a rowing-boat, high sterned and high prowed, complete with oars and awning. Like the Egyptians, the ancient Sumerians believed that the dead must cross the water separating this world from the next, and the ferry-boat was commonly placed in the grave for the man's use, but only here have we found anything so delicate and so costly. But the thieves who broke into the tomb had not disturbed the rest of the grave area, and in that there was plenty for us to find. Against the wall of the shaft, which had been hung with mats, stood two statues of bulls; the bodies, originally of wood, had decayed away, but the heads were preserved; one was of copper with eyes inlaid with:
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1928From: The University of Pennsylvania For releaseBureau of Publicity, Philadelphia ----- Thursday, Jan. 12Philadelphia, Jan. 11 - Rich in treasures, and strewn with bodies of musicians, servants and gold-decked women of the harem who accompanied their master in death, the most remarkable royal grave found thus far in Ur of the Chaldees has been discovered by the joint archaeological expedition of the University of Pennsylvania and the British Museums, a report received today reveals.The grave is totally unlike the hundreds of others exacavated [sic] in the cemetery in Ur in which the expedition is working, and provides definite information entirely new to science as well as affording material for far-reaching theories concerning the history of civilization, according to C. Leonard Woolley, director of the expedition.The body of the king was not found, but presence of the bodies of more than a score of men and women who constituted the king's household offers dramatically the first proof that in the fourth millenium B.C., there were practiced in Mesopotamia burial rites and ceremonies about which later tradition is silent and archaeologists hitherto knew nothing, Woolley states.A magnificently decorated chariot and harp, gold and silver vessels, an exquisite toilet set, and various other treasures yielded by the grave serve to illustrate the extraordinary degree of material civilization which Mesopotamia enjoyed more than five thousand years ago and how far it was in advance of contemporary Egypt, according to the director.Excavation of the grave, which closely followed that of the grave of Mes-kalam-dug, a royal prince, was accomplished only after:
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1929LIST OF OBJECTS SHIPPED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM TO PHILADELPHIA FOR THE GREAT EXHIBITION OF UR MATERIALS HELD IN THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM IN MAY, 1929:
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1st Bab. Kassite
TC. pair of scat_d fem. in high relief.
rt. h. of one, lt h. of other resting against the breast. Both have wig down to sh. and long sheepskin (?) coat to feet
Forearms exposed. Full faces.
Feet on a Foot-rest(?)
Bands against a breast may support a pot(?):
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2 beard_d Gods facing e.o.
& carry_g the litmus Type I.b.A.
From waist up-Poor:
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2 birds fac_g e.o. on a panel
w. some v shap_d object between their necks.:
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2 bull. leg_d demons Fac_g e.o.
hold_g upright staffs like palm-
logs-
Heads miss_g:
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2 clay tables. Circular flat top. 3 legs
small hole in centre due to depression underneath. In each case there is a drop of glaze which has fallen on this side & runs towards the central hole. The objects therefore seem to have been used as tripod supports, with the table top downwards as base, which was to be treated with glaze. :
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2 fig- lost below waist.
Man on right. beard_d, full face, high headd. holds stick (?) in rt. h. Rt sh. bare, l. covered.
Woman full face, high headd, rests one hands on his sh. Neckl.
Rt. sh. bare.
Hole 4mm between the 2 fig.:
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2 Fig. both Fem. Taller holds 2 cup in 1. h. & stick(?) in rt. :
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2 head ornaments, with three each inlay-flowers.1 head ornament with lapis knobs.4 pins with lapis heads.Inlay work:-Square of 12 engraved shell plaques, in form of a gaming board.Toilet box, semi-circular, with lid of lapis and shell inlay, a lion overcoming a bull.Cylinder-seals:-Lapis cylinder of A. BAR. OI.Shell cylinder of Lugal-shagDadda.Several fine archaic seals of lapis, and a number of later examples.Stone Vases:-Alabaster lamp, with head of bull, of Sargonid period.Small lipped cup of lapis lazuli.Oval bowl with knob handles, translucent green calcite.Alabaster spouted pot.Amulets:-Lapis, bearded bull.Copper objects of special interest :-Breast ornament (?) 2 repousse lions and circular plaque.Crushed helmet on human skull.Drinking pipe, with tubular lapis beads.Large lamp of 'shell' form.Necklaces, beads, etc :-The queen's cloak of beads, lapis, cornelian, and gold, some of the latter with filigree work.A number of necklaces, with beads and pendants in gold, lapis and cornelian.:
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2 hum. Fig. Hand. model_d Crude:
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2 hum. fig. Hand/ model_d crude:
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2 seat_d fem fig., clothed of very unequal size. :
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2<L. LEGRAINUR EXPEDITIONIRAQ>year, and W. expect to work till 6th of March. We will leave about the middle of March. I will go straight across the desert to Jerusalem and from there to Tunis and Algier before returning to Marseille Paris and London. You have my Paris address - 3 rue de Chartres, Neuilly sur Seine. We have not yet received the much expected Victrola and the thirty records, but the thought of it has cheered up extremely. It was a kind thought and a good heart who devised the scheme-We had our Xmas dinner in good English style with one turkey, one goose, four ducks, two plum puddings, six bottle of Champagne, one of golden sherry, two of Vermuth and no end of Whisky. Don't print that in the Museum Journal please. I like to leave them under the impression of our hardships-.Another good improvement was the wire netting at the door and windows which keep the flies effectively out. The white ants still pierce the walls hunting for books and paper their favorite food, but we drown them in kerosine.II Have you ever received my paper written on the boat crossing the ocean and mailed from Rome:
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2<Thackeray Hotel>or not. In the case of the gold wig - Baghdad's property - since the Br. Mu. ordered an electrotype, they could indoubtedlty make two in order to send the original at [?] back to Baghdad where it is wanted. The copy would serve as well in Philadelphia and so avoid further complications.W. admitted at once the opportunity and fair deal of exhibiting the best objects in Phil. as here.4°) I have cancelled my sailing on Saturday Sept 29 and reserved a cabin on \"Paris\" Oct 3rd - incidentally that notably increases the expenses- But I see no possibility of winding up before end of Sept. - The Paris is a faster boat and I won't loose much time5°) We keep making equal lots and drawing for luck and avoiding choosing:
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2. £ s dF. COMBINED EXPENSES. Petrol, oil etc. 21. 12. 0. Water contract for March 12. 3. 0. Water contract up to June 30. 11. 8. 0.G. TRAVELLING EXPENSES. Combined party to Baghdad 23. 5. 6. C. L. Woolley, to Bath 72. 2. 0. L. Legrain, on account, 80. 0. 0. M. E. Mallowan 87. 9. 8. A. S. Whitburn 86. 7. 2. Foremen to Jerablus 25. 1. 8. H. SALARIES. C. L. Woolley, four months, 266. 13. 4. A. S. Whitburn, March and 11 days of April, 42. 0. 0. TOTAL. 1268. 1. 10.Included in Jul-Oct 1926 StatementN. B.Two items of actual expenditure as follows, (1) Purchase of two new trucks for light railway £16. 6. 0. (2) Expenses of going to Hillah 18. 18. 6. Total, £35. 4. 6.are not included in the above: the trucks were bought after the close of the season, with a view to next year's work, and the expenses of the trip to Hillah should be reckoned as the cost price of goods taken over from the stores there for the Expedition, some being objects which would have had to be bought before next season. These two items should therefore be carried over until next year, and for the purpose of this season's account their cost is reckoned as cash in hand.:
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2. £ s d 508 Brought forward 458. 13. 2 F. Salaries C. L. Woolley 66. 13. 4 M: E. L. Mallowan 16. 13. 4 ------------------ Total £. 531.. 19. 10 591 ------------------ £591-19-10 is correct GMB:
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2. (?hand written symbol? on paper)it may have contained clothes, but no traces of such remained. Along the sides of it lay more copper vessels and many vases of stone, mostly of white calcite or alabaster and of green-grey steatite, but amongst them were two rareities, an oval bowl of obsidian and a spouted cup carved from a lump of blue lapis lazuli: there were more than forty stone vessels in all. With them were found two large(word struck through indecipherable) lions' heads of silver with lapis eyes, probably ornaments from a stool or chair, a number of copper tools, chisels, axes and adzes, and quantities of beads of lapis lazuli and gold and a small semicircular silver box the lid of which was a mosaic in lapis and shell, the finest example of this technique that we have yet unearthed, representing a lion a lion crouching over his prey; the figure of the beast, (strike through) white picked out in red stands out boldly against the blue background and is far more realistic than the normal lion of Sumerian art. Close to this lay a set of chisels in gold and a gold saw, with two axes of copper bound with gold; presumably these were ceremonial tools not intended for practical use, as must also have been four throwing spears with long gold heads and shafts bound with gold and silver; even our workmen protested against the likelihood of anyone throwing away weapons so precious! Next to the golden saw was a gaming board of inlay work, made more interesting by the fact that with it had been placed the two sets of \"men\"- one set finely engraved shell plaques bearing scenes of animals- and the dice with which the game was played, one set of shell inlaid with lapis, the other of plapis inlaid with gold; we have now three such gaming-boards, and it should be possible to recover the rules of the game.But the most remakable objects in the grave lay apart from these already des-cribed and, unlike them, had no parallel in any grave discovered heretofore; they were a twelve-stringed harp and a chariot. Both had been made of wood and the wood had de-cayed away entirely, but in each case the woodwork had been outlined with borders of inlay which still kept its place in the soil, and by following this up we were able:
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2. [15 in pencil and circled in upper right corner]the silhouette completely, the other. standing upright in the soil, was bent and broken, the hind legs being detached, but the thickness of the body and the spacing of the flowering plants was kept, so that here too restoration is made simple and safe: in neither case was there anything missing. Since the women's head-dresses are so numerous I am bringing back fine examples waxed in the earth so as to preserve the remains of the skull and all the visible ornaments in their position as found; for exhibition purposes these should be of great value.The work now in progress will I hope before long bring us to the tomb connected with the \"death-pit\". In another part we are getting down to where there may be the tomb connected with the \"death-pit\" containing forty bodies described in my last report. In another place we have found one corner of a great stone tomb which ran under the high undug soil and are now working down from the top and shall in a few days be in a position to examine it properly. Elsewhere on the low level we have found what appears to be the corner of another \"death-pit\", but I doubt whether we shall be able to clear it this season. On the whole therefore our prospects are excellent and I hope to be able to report fresh successes in the near future.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report I have thehonour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature][NB Part of the last paragraph has been marked as 22 and a pencil line drawn around it. The sentence starting with 'Elsewhere on the.....' and ending with 'in the near future. ']:
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2. -out this precaution would have swelled with the infiltration of the winter rains and burst the ceiling. On three sides the ziggurat walls rise straight and unbroken from the ground to a height of 60 feet, but on the NE side, which is carried up some 8 feet higher, are the stairs leading to the summit. There were three flights of a hundred steps each; a central flight, and from either corner of the ziggurat a flight running up against the wall face, the three converging at the top in a broad gateway through the parapet of the second stage; the two angles between the central and the side stairways are filled by solid platform-towers whose flat tops were probably decorated with statues. The whole conception is very dignified, and the threefold approach must have lent itself well to such ritual processions as we may imagine to have formed part of the Moon-god's worship. That there was a second stage to Ur-Engur's tower is certain, and we have found remains of it in situ, but from Nabonidus' account we may perhaps infer that there were no more than two; but through its design may not have satisfied the Babylonian king the building such as it was planned must have been completed in the time of the Third Dynasty of Ur; during the next eighteen hundred years royal builders who did much work in the city carried out minor repairs to the ziggurat and if the top had been left unfinished would certainly have worked there too, but neither we nor Nabonidus found any evidence for their having done so. We must conclude that Ur-Engur's building whose lower part survives today was completed at least during his son's reign, and that when Abraham lived at Ur he looked up daily to a ziggurat which if not so lofty as some was at any rate a finished monument. In the sixth century B.C. Nabonidus respected most of what was left of the ancient building. He put down new brick treads for the staircases, but he did not alter their design, and it was only on the top of the structure that he swept away the older ruins altogether to make room for something more suited to his tastes. Three stages set on the old base gave greater height to the platform on which the shrine was to be built; these were not of the same proportions as the lowest stage, but left at either end a platform much wider than along the sides, and on the NE side there was no lowest stage at all, the entrance from the triple stairway giving directly on to the second platform. Entering here one turned to the left and went down a short flight of steps to the lowest platform at the SE end of the ziggurat (like all such, the ziggurat of Ur is orientated with its corners, not its sides, to the cardinal points of the compass), and passing to the centre of this up a broad staircase to the top platform of all, while smaller flights led to the third platform by which one could walk right round the building . Theoretical reconstructions of ziggurats in the past have always aimed at a perfect symmetry such as the groundplan would seem to dictate; the ruins at Ur present to us a structure curiously irregular and almost lopsided. But this irregularity is calculated. The top of the ziggurat is treated as a thing in itself, without reference to the surroundings, which indeed were too far below to matter; everything is subordinated to the effect to be obtained from the lowest platform at the SE end, where the spectator has before him the stepped terraces and the main and side stairways, all the lines centering on the shrine above. From below, the only view that really mattered was that of the NE face, for all the other sides were more or less encumbered and concealed by other buildings; here therefore the lowest stage was carried up higher and the passage from the stairway to the lowest platform was hidden by a parapet which masked the real lack of balance on the two sides; only two upper terraces were visible with the shrine crowning the whole. In a previous report I described a large courtyard that lay below the ziggurat on the NE side. The floor of this lay at a lower level than the ziggurat, which really stood high on an artificial terrace held up by the boundary wall of the court, and it was from the court that the best view of the ziggurat was obtained. To some extent we can recover at least the main features of this view. The courtyard, with its paving of brick and asphalte, stretched this way and that for a hundred yards and was some sixty yards wide; the bounding wall was decorated with attached half [undecipherable]:
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2. all the walls he encountered; from the scattered remains of mud brickwork found in the patches of undisturbed soil it was difficult to reconstruct any kind of plan without an undue exercise of the imagination. However on Nov. 9th and the following days we found no less than four boxes of burnt brick in the remains of a mud-brick wall containing foundation-deposits of King Dungi, in each case a copper statuette of the king and a stone tablet with the dedication of a shrine to his patron goddess, and on Nov. 14th a broken diorite statuette of Dungi with a good inscription on its back was found, confirming in some measure the theory with which we had started the dig. But the site was so confused that I decided that it was inadvisable to continue work on it with the whole of my large gang; it was better to go slowly and elucidate a few essential points before attempting excavation on a big scale; therefore the greater part of the men were moved further north to a different site while a small gang was kept on both on the top of the mound and also on its eastern slope where as yet no work had been done. My idea was that a heavy buttressed wall discovered in 1925 behind the temple excavated by Dr. Hall was in reality the SE wall of the original Temenos, that this would cross the site through the middle of the E-Harsag mound holding up on its north side the terrace on which Dr. Hall's temple was built, and that on its southern side there would be found a terrace projection jutting out from the confines of the Temenos proper and surmounted by the Dungi palace. At first our work seemed to have no result: no true walls showed up, but a complexity of drain pipes and mud brick congolmerate out of which it was hard to make sense; but all objects found were of high antiquity, pottery resembling that of Tell el Obeid rather than anything to which we are accustomed at Ur and inscribed clay tablets which Dr. Legrain on epigraphical grounds dates as older than the First Dynasty of Ur: this harmoised with the fact that immediately below the Dungi walls on the top of the mound there were scanty remains of plano-convex mud brick walls of the type of the Second Dynasty of Ur which were themselves so high up that one could argue to the existence at a lower level of many generations of still earlier work. The difficulties of the are, I believe, now in a fair way to be solved; terraces and retaining walls are beginning to appear built in the most primitive style hitherto remarked in our excavations. I hope to clear up the plan of the terrace outlines and shall then dig down from the top of the terrace through the Larsa and Third Dynasty remains in with the idea of finding traces of the First Dynasty and of the prehistoric settlement. Meanwhile the bulk of my men have been at work on the area between the Palace mound and the large temple the excavation of which was begun at the end of last season, and a considerable part of this has already been cleared at least as regards its upper levels. On the top were found remains of the Nebuchadnezzar Temenos wall, and we were able to locate the gateway whose existence we had suspected in 1923 but had conjecturally restored it in the wrong position: incidentally I was gratified at finding in the hinge-boxes of the gate stamped bricks of Nebuchadnezzar, for although I had attributed the building of the Temenos wall to him we had not before found any written evidence confirming the attribution. The buildings discovered here are fairly well preserved but not of great intrinsic evidence or of an earlier date than Kuri-galzu (1400 B. C.), and most of them are Neo-Babylonian: their importance can only be estimated fairly when more work has been done and their relation to the site as a whole established: but in objects the work has amply repaid us. On the floor of one of the rooms were recovered a number of well-preserved tablets, hymns and school exercises, dating from the reign of Nergal-ushezib of Babylon (693 B. C.), and from the filling of another room came a good white limestone head of a small statue of the period of the Third Dynasty of Ur. From under the foundations of a late wall we obtained, associated with early pottery types, a collection of nearly a thousand bead in carnelian, lapiz lazuli, silver and gold, with pendants of silver filigree inlaid:
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2. mer was completely buried and had to be excavated, 100 men working at this for four days. On October 31st my wife and I reached Ur and found everything in order: on the following day 170 workmen were enrolled and excavation started on the site on November 2nd.The first task is to remove an old dump which overlies the part of the cemetery chosen for the first part of the season's work; this will take four or five days. Digging will go on simultaneously on a section of the mound above the cemetery where we hope to lay bare part of the pre-Flood town: later on I intend to work on the city wall of which a short length was examined at the close of last season. This will make a full programme. The weather is still hot but may be expected to break shortly. Trusting that you will be satisfied with this programme and with its subsequent results I have the honour to be, Sir, Your very obedient Servent, C.Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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2. the older civilisation represented by the great rubbish-heaps in which the graves are set. In a stratum of this rubbish which is late in comparison with much that lies beneath it but very much earlier than the oldest graves we were fortunate enough to find in a ruined(for at one time the primitive settlement overflowed its normal limits and houses were constructed on the slope of the town's refuse-dump) some two hundred tablets written in a very archaic script, one of the oldest forms of writing known in Mesopotamia. Other remains go back even further than these, and certain grotesque seal-impressions on clay and types of decorated pottery extinct long before the age of the royal tombs supply material for a relative chronology which will carry us back almost to the beginnings of things in the lower Euphrates Valley. Thoroughly to work out this prehistoric site was a task far too big to be tackled at the close of a season: content for the moment with the very important preliminary results which we had obtained we turned our attention during the last ten days to the city wall, again with the idea not of complete excavation but of securing information which would enable us to draw up programmes for future digging. The results were immediate and surprising. The original wall was found to stand some twenty-six feet high and to have a width of no less than twenty-four yards! the width had actually been increased by later builders. This wall was of mud bricks and dated from about 2300 B.C; along the top of it ran a superstructure in burn brick younger by some three hundred years, and overlying these early remains were walls of a different years plan of which the last brought us down perhaps almost to the close:
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2. This tracing out of the temenos wall, which has yet to be completed, has given a completely new aspect to the site as a whole, and other discoveries related to it have further corrected our views.My first trial trench, dug when work here began, came up against the mud-brick wall shown in Dr. Hall's plan (fig. 4.) as running behind and parallel to his large building \"B\". This was found to have a strongly battered and butressed face of burnt brick standing three metres high; it was immediately obvious that this was not the wall of another building, lying south of \"B\" but the wall of the terrace on which \"B\" stood. In front of it was a big drain of burnt brick built by Dungi, which apparently leads to a brick rain-water well just inside the temenos wall, and gives the line of a street. The wall is now being followed to its return. During this month I have cleared a paved entry-court running along the SE front of E-nun-mah [subscript \"v\" under h] and find that the wall bounding it on the south is a buttressed exterior wall; [word struck through and indecipherable] In the wall of \"B\" Mr. Smith has found stamped bricks proving that the building is not the palace E-Harsag [subscript \"v\" under H] but the great Nannar temple. Dr. Hall's building is really the sanctuary of that temple, which, on the analogy of the smaller temple E-nun-mah [subscript \"v\" under h] cleared by us must have had outbuildings of very considerable extent. I have no doubt that Dr. Hall's \"mud brick\" wall represents the SE boundary of the temple proper, and that it reached to the buttressed wall fronting on the E-nun-mah courtyard on the NW.; along the NE. its wall must have been roughly parallel to that of the temenos, a point which I hope to settle in the near future. Instead of the temenos being a wide open space with isolated buildings scattered about it, we must expect a complex of buildings linked up with each other which would have presented a solid and defensible front to an enemy who might have forced the temenos wall.In spite of the diversion to the temenos wall, a considerable amount of work has been done on the E-Nun-Mah site, and the area cleared has been largely increased. The plan though still incomplete, has now taken on a fairly definite form; the west corner and the NW. front remain to be cleared, but this I hope to do immediately; the photograph sent herewith shows the plan of the building as reconstructed by Kudur-mabug, which in virtually all its details followed the original plan of the mud-brick walls (shewn in outline); that of the later (Nebuchadrezzar) temple has been satisfactorily recovered, but the plan is not yet in a sufficiently advanced stage for me to submit copies. I am gradually removing the upper strata of the ruins, leaving in situ only enough to show levels, and now the top remains left are those of Nebuchadrezzar's date; it is interesting to find that the Persians when repairing the sanctuary reproduced with scrupulous exactness all the details of Nebuchadrezzar's arrangements, and the more interesting because the Peraian building here (and therefore its predecessor also) illustrate faithfully Herodotus' description of the (Persian period) temple of Bel at Babylon.While removing a Persian brick pavement which overlay one put down by Nebuchadrezzar we discovered a very important cache of treasure, - gold rings, bracelets, beads, earrings, lockets and pendants, a female statuette in gold, silver vases, bracelets and rings, bronze vases, engraved seal-stones and great quantities of beads in lapis lazuli, carnelian, agate, amethyst, malachite etc. Some of these are illustrated by the accompanying photographs. I send for comparison with those 6th - 5th century objects photographs of the earlier (8th - 7th cent.) jewellery found in November and reported by me already.As to our pottery finds, some fifty types are already on record, and evidence is beginning to accrue for the relative dating of some of these. This work, on which Mr. Lawrence is now engaged, is of great importance in view of the little that is known of the pottery of Mesopotamia.:
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2.?shell? and lapis lazuli, the other was of gold. The beast had great curved horns o tipped with lapis, the hair between the horns, the eyes and the ceremonial beard t below its chin were of lapis also: down its chest ran a band of engraved shell plaq colored with red and black: it was a very wonderful object.Against the foot of the grave were eleven bodies of women wearing rich head-dres of gold, lapis and carnelian; strewn over the rest of the floor were more bodes of men and women less richly adorned; in front of the ramp stood two heavy wooden wagon four-wheeled, drawn each by three oxen whose bones lay stretched in front of the poles; they had silver rings in their muzzles, silver collars decorated with eye ornaments, reins of silver and lapis, and on the poles rein-rings surmounted by little figures of bulls. On the slope of the ramp lay in two ranks the soldiers of the guard keeping the entrance, their copper helmets on their skulls, their spears by their sides.The second tomb lay behind the first, built, like it, of stone and brick. Luckily it had not been plundered. The body inside was that of a queen named Shub-ad, and the tomb was the richest we have yet found. There were two crowns, one a composite thing of gold ribbons, beads, heavy gold rings which hung across the forehead, mulberry leaves and willow (?) leaves of gold and gold rosettes with inlaid petals of shell and lapis; above the top of the head rose a tall ornament of gold with seven points ending in gold flowers. The other crown was of gold and lapis beads decorated with little figures in the round of stags, bulls, rams and antelopes, with ears of corn, flowers and bunches of pomegranates, all of gold She wore ten gold finger-rings, necklaces, amulets of lapis and gold in the form of fish, a calf and two antelopes, and a cloak entirely covered with beads and fastened by big gold pins to which were attached lapis cylinder seals. With the body were placed three bowls and a strainer of gold, a pair of gold cockle-shells and a silver pair, these containing xxxxxxx toilet paints, gold ear-rings, quantities of silver vessels including a set of eighteen fluted tumblers, some thirty ?stone? vases and copper vessels innumerable. A silver bull's head with long horns came:
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2.a date. The wall (which is Kuri-Galzu's ) was standing to a considerable height, with heavy burnt brick foundations; these rested on the remains of an earlier wall decorated with hald-columns in mud brick,- at the corner of a buttress the column was actually in the three-quarter round; thus the column motive is carried back well beyond the 16th century. That the Courtyard building was itself a temple was more or less proved by the partial clearing of w what I believed to be the cella; where the statue should have stood there were traces of a wooden base and below this the usual pit for foundation-deposits; unfortunately it had been entirely plundered. /A small gang set to elucidate a doubtful point in E-Nun-Mah hit upon a deposit of tablets, records of tithe etc. paid to the temple during the reign of Gungunu king of Larsa (c.2100 B. C. ) which give much valuable detail about the economy of the shrine in that period and supply one or two new facts in its history. As is usual here, the tablets were unbaked and in a very fragile state, but after baking they form a small but good collection of Isin and Larsa documents illustrating a little-known period.As second site for the season I ultimately chose that immediate adjoining E-Nun-Mah on the SW., where on our general plan we suggest the site of E-Muriana. This is where Taylor dug and found what he describes as a small house of uncertain date, cruciform in shape, with panelled walls and arched doorways. This \"house\" we have cleared down to the Nabonidus floor level; if my provisional theories are correct its walls go much deeper down and its character is very different from that assigned to it by Taylor. At present we have a small building of burnt brick with panelled walls standing from six to ten feet high; there are only two rooms, of about equal size, with very wide doors between them and opening on the SE., and two very narrow doors in the outer chamber giving egress on either side; these two doorways were arched and in one case the arch is still complete. The burnt brick wall is strengthened all round by a heavy wall ( a \"kisu\") of mud brick, and from this run out other mud-brick walls forming small rooms whose tiled floors be bear the stamp of Nabonidus. The burnt bricks bear the name of Ishme-dagan and of Kuri-Galzu, the former sometimes above the latter, i.e., in the reverse of the natural order. The surprising feature of the place is the enormous thickness of the walls and the peculiar patchwork which they present.Unless I am much mistaken we have here the main gateway of the original Temenos of Ur, standing on the Processional Way. The earliest building, which has yet to be found, should date from the Third Dynasty, probably from the reign of Bur-Sin; it was restored by [struck out 5 letter word/name] Ishme-dagan (c.2100 B.C.) and again by Kuri-Galzu (c. 1600 B.C.); by the seventh century it was in ruins and was restored by Sinbalatsu-ikbi (who apparently used some of the Ishme-dagan bricks fallen from the old building, and it was further patched by Nabonidus. Kuri-Galzu speaks of the place as Dub-lal-mah, the seat of judgement; Sinbalatsu-ikbi describes it rather as a gate; By the time of Nabonidus when the Neo-Babylonian temenos wall had been set up outside the limits of:
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2.A number of small antiquities have been brought in to us from an outlying part of the site, vases, cylinder-seals, and good terra-cottas which continue the series obtained last season from the same spot. As it is impossible to protect the area in question, which lies within the zone of occasional cultivation, as it is desirable to learn as much as possible of the conditions in which these figurines are found, - and to secure more of them, - I propose to put in one or two days' work with our whole Ur gang on this site; the interruption to our main work will be small, and the results in the form of objects should be excellent.At Tell el Obeid the excavation of the Nin-Khursag temple is complete except for the investigation of one or two underground features; most of the men were taken off on December 22. Two days were then spent on the investigation of the neighbouring mounds which I had confidently hoped would prove to be important graves of the early period; I regret to state that my expectations were quite unfounded, and the mounds were what others had assumed them to be, namely piles of bricks. The kilns, for such they really are, apparently date from the close of the neo-Babylonian period, and have no connection whatever with the temple and cemeteries in their neighbourhood, or with anything nearer than the city of Ur itself. After this failure I resumed work on the early graves in the hope of finding more painted pottery etc. Close to Tell el Obeid there is a site which seems to be a grave-yard of the Third Dynasty, and it may be possible to do sufficient work there too to establish dates and to get characteristic examples. The objects discovered at Tell el Obeid during the month have far surpassed in number and importance what I was able to report to you at its beginning. As is natural when architectural decoration is concerned, there has been a good deal of repetition, but even where this was the case it was gratifying to find that the further we went into the mound the better preserved were the objects it contained. The artificial flowers are now very numerous. The copper reliefs of bulls, of which I reported five, now number twelve more or less complete specimens and two spare heads; all these will be fine Museum exhibits. There were found four statues of bulls in the round, made of thin copper plates on a wooden core which had gone to powder; three were headless, the fourth has a head but no horns; these were made separately, in a different material, and there can be little doubt that they were in gold, like the horn found by Dr. Hall. One of the bulls was in a hopeless condition; a second, better preserved, collapsed on removal, but may be capable of restoration; the other two I hope to be able to remove, though their removal is the hardest task that Tell el Obeid has yet set us.Two mosaic columns were found, each 2.30m. long. The greater part of one of these, removed with the tesserae in position, has been applied to a modern core and represents the column in its condition as found, i.e., with a certain amount of distortion, with some tesserae missing, and others shifted from their place; the remainder of this and the whole of the second column have been similarly removed, but their reconstruction as columns has been deferred for the present, & the drums are being kept in the flat. The successful lifting of these columns was also a difficult task, but we have at least an unexpected illustration of temple decoration at the period and, as the accompanying photograph shows, a very find Museum piece.In my last report I spoke of two bulls carved in relief in white limestone for inlay. At the beginning of the month we found examples like these but much more delicately carved in shell. Then a complete panel was discovered. It was lying on its face in the hard soil; the board which had been its original back-:
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2.and more important: its plan could be distinguished into two main parts, a north-west section which was a temple, probably dedicated then, as earlier, to the goddess Nin-E-Gal, the south-east comprising an official residence and offices; the NW. half incorporates a good deal of earlier work, the SE. is much more original; throughout the building is well preserved and very few details of its plan are missing.The building set up by the kings of Larsa, which I at first supposed to be the immediate predecessor of the Kassite structure now proves to have undergone serious modifications and changes, at least at its NW. end, at the hands of builders possibly of the late Larsa time but more probably under the First Dynasty of Babylon: these transformed the NW end, the old Nin-E-Gal temple, into something more closely resembling the Kassite plan; the SE. end they either disregarded or re-used at a higher level. We have now removed as much of the Kassite work as prevented the excavation of the lower walls, and when the First Babylonian additions are eliminated we have a very fine and complete ground-plan of the Larsa building, most of the walls standing to a considerable height, very solidly constructed in burnt brick with mud and bitumen mortar, and forming a most imposing monument. The final work of cleaning has not been done and I am therefore not sending photographs of the building, which will be held over until my next report: here I will only say that the complex, occupying the whole of a raised terrace supported by massive retaining walls, is divided into two parts by a long and narrow corridor, on one side of which is the temple of the goddess Nin-E-Gal, on the other that of the more familiar goddess Nin-Gal; the former is laid out on more or less conventional lines with a double sanctuary facing on a large court flanked by service chambers, the latter is a more original structure with a central court and a series of great gate ways leading to the shrine. The details of the latter temple of Nin-Gal are remark-:
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2.antiquities.The houses were built up against an already existing hill side, terraced by their walls. Immediately below them we came upon terrace walls of a more solid character which, as we worked back into the mound, proved to be remarkably well preserved. In the course of the last few days we cleared two courts with one or two of their adjacent rooms; it is too early to state the nature of the buildings which may be large private houses or official, but they are constructed of burnt bricks, date from the Isin-Larsa period, about 2100 B.C., and their walls are standing fifteen and twenty feet above pavement level, - a height unequalled elsewhere on the site. We found here a small head of a priest carved in the round in pinkish sandstone, rather rough work but interesting in that it seems to be not a conventional po piece but a portrait done from the life, and a broken steatite vase with a design of scorpions on the outside, the latter dating from about 2500 B.C., the former from some five centuries later. On the very last morning we unearthed a hoard of some sixty large clay tablets, for the most part in very good condition, all religious texts and hymns dated to the period of Rim-Sin; these are the most important tablets yet discovered by your Expedition, and the finding of them was a fitting end to a successful season. The discoveries make it clear that the mound is well worth excavating next year.On March 13 the division of the objects with the Baghdad Museum took place. Miss Bell took the complete Bau statue, the broken Dungi statue, the alabaster plaque representing a primitive boat, and a selection of the remaining objects: the Expedition took the early limestone plaque, the alabaster moon's disc with the representation of the daughter of Sargon of Akkad, the broken Nin-Gal statue, the marble head with blue eyes, a black diorite head and a limestone head, the two copper coffins, one of the two early rams (the other went to Baghdad), the fragment of a plaque in the style of the Ur-Nina reliefs and half of the remaining objects: considering that:
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2.as possible in this sphere. For myself I could ask no more valuable fellow-worker or agreable[sic] companion. On this subject also would you please write to Kenyon. I believe that Legrain sails from England about the ninth of May; probably you will wish to consult him before coming to a decesion[sic] on the matter of his re-joining the expedition in the autumn; but of course one would like to know reasonably soon how the staff will be made up.Speaking of the staff, I must certainly try to secure an architect for next season; the lack of one seriously interfered with the proper conduct of the dig this time. I am going to try to get one without much cost to the fund, and may succeed, but will let you know very soon how things shape. The man I was after last year is very good, but his fees are rather high. As regards salaries, Linnell was working without pay last season, and did well: I want to employ him a good deal during the summer and for this he ought to receive some payment. Kenyon thinks he should be given a small lump sum for the work already done; I am not greatly in favour[sic] of this, but do wish to pay him for the summer work, and I consider that he should have a small salary next year. He works hard and is getting on well enough to deserve a fee; I have not gone into the question of how much this should be, but perhaps --163;100 for the season would meet the case. In his third year he should, if he continues to work well, be better paid. Then I am afraid that I must put up something about myself. As you know, I am at present drawing --163;600 a year. The work, both during the digging season and at home, is more arduous than I had expected, and my expenses during the summer when I have to be working in town are also more than I had foreseen. I think that I could take on this year a more or less permanent digging job at --163;1000, but do not wish to give up Ur, which interests me more than does the other place, but I am not in a position to sacrifice my material advantages unduly. So I am going to ask that my salary be raised to --163;800, at which figure I should be prepared to carry on with Ur: I might retire altogether for health or other reasons, but should not require any higher salary so long as I did stop with the Expedition. I have not yet discussed this point with Kenyon, but shall raise it when next I see him, early next week, and shall ask him to ascertain your views. I hate asking for more money, especially when the expedition funds are short, but I hope that that state of the things may improve this year thanks to the encouragement of a successful season.As soon as possible I shall send you a complete set of the photographs and plans.Yours sincerely,C Leonard Woolley:
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2.at this period. A notable impression shews an ass-chariot with con-siderable detail. One or two harps are represented of a kind differentfrom that found in the graves. We have 7 impressions from a large sealshewing a cattle-byre and milking-scene like that represented at al'Ubaid.SIS. 4 is characterised by 4 kinds of jar-sealings that do not occur here at higher levels nor anywhere, so far as I know, at other sites: -1) There are a very large number of linear patterns, geometrical, arabesques etc. , often extremely complicated and ingenious. xxxxxProbably quite 100 are in hand. If there is a foreign influenceor connection this will be important. Frequent patterns of con-ventionalised vegetation (palm-branch?) are in the same spirit.2) Sometimes signs from the script occur as an element in the devor-ative geometrical patterns. There are besides a number of im-pressions which are quite definitely inscriptions. The signs areoften very archaic and even quite unknown. Those that can be i-dentified generally seem to be the ideograms for cities; Larsa,(several times), Kesh, Adab and perhaps Ur. The writing of thejar-seals differs so much from that of the contemporary tabletsin the same stratum that one wonders if the jars did not comefrom another place.Two or three of these inscriptions have pure pictures (bird,bullock, ox's head) mingled with the writing-signs. This seemsto be a unique phenomenon.It is noteworthy that in SIS. 4 no sealings have a propername added to the design (as on the cylinders found in the graveslast year and as in SIS. 1 and SIS. 2); we have in SIS. 4 either:
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2.built above them. The tomb in Dungi's building is far the most impressive From a doorway, bricked up when the funeral was over, steps lead down to a platform deep in the great walled pit which lies at the back of the god-king's house; from this more stairs run down on either side under corbelled vaults twenty-six feet high, and at the bottom of these flights are the doors of the tomb chambers, one of them a room some fifty-five feet long. These are the roofs which have caused us so much trouble, for the crowns of the corbelled arches had given way, robbers had broken up the vaulting from above, and great masses of brickwork were suspended almost without support against the wall faces from which they had split away; unless we were to destroy one of the finest monuments of antiquity left in this country very elaborate measures had to be taken before the soil could be removed. At present we have entered the two largest tombs but have not finally cleared them; all the rest have been cleared and have produced no more than one inscription of king Ur-Engur; but even if the last two yield no more than that we can be satisfied with having found the burial-places of the greatest of the kings of Ur and found them worthy of their greatness.Meanwhile a large number of our men have been employed elsewhere on a site in the residential quarter of the town. Seven houses, forming almost a complete insula, have been unearthed; they are remarkably well preserved, the walls often standing as much as ten feet high. Quantities of inscribed tablets have been found in the ruins; the earliest of them date back to the Third Dynasty of Ur, the latest and most numerous are of the Larsa period. especially of the reign of Rim-Sin (1970-1910 B.C.), and various signs of restoration and rebuilding, the raising of floor:
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2.cellent introduction to the general series. A second volume might reasonably deal with the Temenos Wall, the Ziggurat, and perhaps the E-Nun-Makh temple, and even the temple now being excavated should that be p rimarily a building of the Third Dynasty of Ur. Of course both these volumes require a great deal of work before they would be ready for press; and it would greatly assist me in planning out work for the summer months if I could have your decisions on the advisability of preparing the material forthwith.As regards the inscriptions, we shall certainly by the end of this season have enough material for a volume, not reckoning the tablets found last year whose importance does not warrant their receiving immediate attention or the expense of publication now. May I assume, as it seems to me reasonable to do, that throughout the course of the Expedition the inscriptional material found in any one season will be published by the cuneiformist who for that season is on the field staff of the Expedition? Obviously any historical information based on the inscriptions which may be utilised in the excavation volumes will have been drawn from his work; and should it be suggested that the inscriptions be published by the staff of the Museum to which they are eventually allotted the anomaly will arise that, there being no cuneiformist at Baghdad, the inscriptions there could only be published by the cuneiformist in the field, he alone having access to them. The inscriptional, like the other material, forms part of the results of the Joint Expedition before it forms part of the property of either Museum, and it appears natural that it should be treated in the same way. To do otherwise would mean a very wasteful duplication of labour, and might seriously hamper the publication of the excavation volumes. It is this consideration that has induced me to put forward my own views when I should perhaps have only asked for your instructions.:
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2.century B.C., apparently an official residence or institution attached to a temple in the rooms of which we found a number of tablets, school exercises and hymns, of Neo-Babylonian date. This building was in part built over and in part incorporated in itself an older structure of the Kassite period, apparently of much the same character, with a large central courtyard and rooms all about it, solidly built in mud brick over burnt brick foundations, which we attribute provisionally to king Kuri-Galzu, 1400 B C.; it is upon the excavation of this that we are at present engaged. But below this, in the few spots where we have probed to a deeper level or where the foundations of the Kuri-Gazu walls lie lower down and are set over earlier remains, we have come upon walls of a very different type, massive construction in burnt brick, great piers and gateways still standing six and eight feet high, and though so little work has yet been done we are already able to establish from the written records something of the history of what will undoubtedly prove one of the most imposing ruins of Ur. The building was founded in the Third Dynasty, begun apparently by Ur-Engur (2300 B.C.) and finished by his grandson Bur-Sin, and their records speak of it as the E-Gig-Par of the goddess Nin-Gal. Then, after its destruction in the times of the Elamite invasion which brought the Third Dynasty to a close, it was rebuilt by the Larsa Isin kings who inherited the overlordship of Mesopotamia, and nearly all these rulers are represented on the site by inscribed bricks or other written testimony, Their work does not seem to have lasted long, for all its solidity of construction, for by 2072 B. C. Warad-Sin king of Larsa had to undertake its reconstruction: we found one of his foundation-cones in situ, and thereon he claims to have rebuilt the ancient walls of Bur-Sin and strengthened them from their foundation upwards, but in sober fact what he did was to plaster a thick layer of clay against the face of the Isin walls, and he must stand convicted of exaggeration. None the less this building, the E-Nun-Azag, or Great House of Splendour, as it was nor called, contained a great wealth of objects, judging by what we have found in the very small part of it which we have as yet examined. Inscribed and sculptured stelae and statues of diorite and of alabaster adorned it, and in front of the door of one of the inner shrines we found, flung out and broken, beautiful stone vases inscribed with the dedications of various kings from 2700 B. C. down to the days of Warad-Sin: the complete excavation of the temple ought to reward us with a collection of museum pieces of the greatest importance. I trust that my next month's article will shew that our optimism is justified.C. Leonard Woolley.:
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2.cones of Warad-Sin and of Sinbalatsu-ikbi ) and it would be difficult to prevent the publication of these by scholars into whose hands they may pass; 6) generally speaking it seems more truly scientific to present our results to scholars with as little delay as possible; and to such it makes very little difference whether the texts appear in historical order in one volume or in two or three.I am urging the publication of historical texts only, i. e., of royal and other inscriptions on stone cones and bricks and of new dates from tablets. Though only new texts should be published, I think it desirable that references should be included to texts already published which have turned up in the course of the excavations; in this way we should present, what has never yet been done for any one site, a collection of all the inscriptional matter found at Ur.I think that it has already been agreed that the texts should be published in historical order under the names of the kings, with copy, transliteration and translation; to this should be added a short reference to the conditions and place of finding, and such notes as the authors may think good: and each of the three authors will be responsible only for his own work and his share in the whole will be clearly indicated.Might I request that the matter be taken up and so far arranged that Dr. Legrain may utilise his visit to England for the necessary work of collaboration with Messrs. Smith and Gadd? He ought to be in London about the middle of April.I am, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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2.dealing with the business side of the Temple administration ans shewing that this building was one of te industrial centres of the Nannar shrine where the women and children attached to the god's services were employed on such tasks as weaving the wool which the tenant farmers of the Temple domains brought in as rent and tithes. In a former letter I gave some account of the contents of the many tablets af all sizes which have been labouriously extracted from the ground and baked and brushed and mended by Dr. Legrain; their complete translation is necessarily a question of some time, but already he has been able to extract from them enough to give a new and very human interest to the ruined chambers whose mere ground-plan might have told us so little. As it is, a copper-smelter's furnace takes on a new importance when it illustrates a text recording the amounts of metal paid to the temple by the copper-smiths of the city, and even the long store-rooms become less common-place when one has the tally of their contents.An unexpected discovery has been made in the south angle of the walled enclosure which Nebuchadnezzar built around the Ziggurat tower. Here I looked to find a fort such as stood in the west corner, but the walls which gradually came to light from under the heaps of ashes covering the whole area soon took a different shape, and one could recognise a temple which inscriptions on bricks and stones proved to be that of Nin-Gal, the Great Lady, wife of the Moon god of Ur. The building on which we are now engaged - for its excavation is not yet complete - occupies the whole of the south corner of E-temen-ni-il, the terrace enclosure of the Ziggurat. Most of the walls are of crude mud brick of miserably bad quality, often ruined right away and where still standing to any height extraordinarily difficult to follow; my most experience pick men have found their skills taxed to the utmost to distinguish between fallen mud rubble and brickwork so soft that one can rub it to powder with one's finger; but the floors are of brick well laid and thickly spread with bitumen, looking like modern asphalte, and with their help all the outlines of the chambers could be traced even where the walls enclosing them had altogether perished. The temple was built, in its present form, by Sinbalatsu-ikbi, the Assyrian governor of the city, (c.650 B.C.) who always seems to have been short of cash for his building schemes and so to have employed the poorest materials; fifty years later Nebuchadnezzar added, or repaired, some of its outbuldings, and later again his grandson Nabonidud repaved the temple floors. The plan is the best thing about it - it is remarkably regular in its layout and really dignified in conception:from a forecourt flanked by small chambers a pylon gate gave access to the entrance chamber of pronaos: doors on either side of this led to subsidiary pronaos, facing the entrance, a flight of shallow steps ran up to the naos or shrine chamber wherein on a raised base surrounded by a screen wall of burnt brick, was set the statue of the goddess. Somebody has been before us here, for the solid pavement of the shrine has been broken through, and a gold bead and fragments of gold leaf lying in the disturbed soil shew that the foundation deposit has been removed; but we have no need to give up all[handwritten number 10]:
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2.DEBITReceived by cheque to Mssrs Brown Shipley & Co., October 22, 1932 500. 0. 0. January 1933 1493. 13. 3.By interest 1. 3. 10. -------------------- [pound sign] 1995 3 10 -----------------------:
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2.deep into a subsoil which, with the river and the canals close to thecity, was then much damper than now, and when they came to use thetomb chambers they found them awash with infiltered water and wereobliged to raise the floor by setting over it loose bricks on edge xand then a solid mass of mud bricks. Another point which became apparent is that these two Dungi vaults were plundered immediately beforethe approach to them was filled in with earth and the chamber floorlaid over this; both the doors had been broken in and the loose brickwere found at the bottom of the filling; when therefore the Elamitestore up the pavements of the superstructure and cut their way downinto the chambers they must have been disappointed.A few small details have yet to be investigated, but the real ex-cavation of the Royal tombs was completed early in the month; muchyet remains to be done in a the way of restorations etc. A large-scaleand fully detailed plan of the building and its substructures hasbeen made, together with numerous sectional drawings; over a hundredphotographs have been taken, and our record of the building is asthorough as its great importance demands; the timber shoring of thevaults should ensure for many years the preservation of the moststriking building at Ur.The workmen taken off the Royal tombs were set, as soon as possible on what has been a main item in our programme, the digging of a deep pit close to the Ziggurat; the actual site chosen was that ofthe Neo-Babylonian sanctuary of the temple of Nannar. The work isnow so nearly finished that I can report on it.Below the pavement of this late sanctuary (below which we found:
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2.Dr. Hall to the SE end of the E-Gig-Par. On the other site it was found that the Kassite building rested directly on the mud-brick platform of the Ziggurat, the E-temen-ni-il of Ur-Engur, only the boundary wall being of earlier date: it would seem that whereas the original Nin-Gal temple, comprising two separate sh shrines, was built by Bur-Sin outside the limits of E-temen-ni-il, it had been so ruined in the course of time that when Kuri-Galzu undertook its restoration much of the plan was lost and he rebuilt only the NW section in someting like its original form, suppressing altogether the old SE shrine, and it its stead built the new Nin-Gal shrine inside the wall of the Ziggurat enclosure. A second result of this work was that we now had evidence for a chambered wall of the Larsa period along its NW side, and for the history of the site it became necessary to investigate the south-west front also; but [indecipherable] since the objective was limited only a small force was employed here and the remainder of the workmen were transferred to new ground, namely the building whose excavation, started by Dr. Hall in 1918, remained unfinished.The work on the SE side of the Ziggurat has been most interesting. Below and in front of the Temenos wall built by Nebuchadnezzar were found rooms of Sin-balatsu-ikbi, below these a chambered boundary-wall of Kuri-Galzu (apparently a restoration of the Larsa work), then the original enclosure wall of Ur-Engur, contemporary with the Ziggurat itself, and under this walls and pavements of plano-convex bricks dating from the Second or First Dynasty of Ur and belonging to a pre-Third Dynasty ziggurat which must lie buried beneath the great tower of Ur-Engur: it is the first time that we have obtained proof of the existence of such a ziggurat.The other site proved somewhat disappointing; the part excavated by Dr. Hall was only a small part of the whole building, but it was the best preserved, and:
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2.Elamite ruler (Warad-Bin, c. 1990 B.C.) pulled down the original building and rebuilt on a larger scale and with richer architectural decoration. In 1400 B.C. there was another wholesale rebuilding, and works of less importance were undertaken in 1080 and in 650 B.C., but the general character of the temple underwent no change. . Only Nebuchadnezzar proved, as usual, more radical in his restorations and modified the structural plan of the ancient building, and though the denudation of the surface has destroyed much of his work we can see none the less what he did, while the fact that he raised the level of the courtyard by some eight feet has preserved for us a great deal of the older construction, whose walls still stand to an imposing height. For the history of the city that of its principal temple is essential, and we now have that history in minute detail from the rise of the Third Dynasty until the downfall of Ur.The graves have yielded many treasures, of which the best is a realistic head of a calf in copper together with a mosaic plaque in lapis lazuli and shell, both belonging to a harp found in a \"death-pit\" in the lowest stratum of the cemetery. A stone-built royal tomb was found plundered and empty, but the loss of its contents was atoned for by the importance of the structure whose roof, consisting of both vaults and domes, was unusually well preserved; and a find of archaic tablets came to illustrate a period much older than that of the tombs, a period not otherwise represented by our discoveries.:
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2.first class.Of more immediate interest are the houses in which the tablets were found. These date from just about the time when Abraham was living at Ur - they were first put up about 2100 B.C., and were inhabited, with various minor rebuildings and repairs, for some two hundred years, - and what strikes one at once is the high degree of comfort and even luxury to which the ruins bear witness. Two-storied buildings, solidly constructed in burnt brick (some of the walls today stand fifteen and twenty feet high) they were almost exactly like the best houses of modern Baghdad. There was a central court with a wooden gallery running around it onto which the upper rooms opened: the family lived above; on the ground floor were the reception-room and the domestic offices, kitchens and servants' quarters: the rooms were lofty - in one case the brick staircase is preserved up to ten feet and was originally carried up higher in wood, so that the ground-floor rooms must have been twelve or fifteen feet high - and although all traces of decoration have gone and we have only the bare walls with occasionally a little mud plaster and whitewash, yet we can scarcely be wrong in supposing that the furnishing matched the excellence of the construction. It is the first time that private houses of the period have been discovered, and the discovery changes altogether our ideas of how men lived then; now we have a number of separate dwellings, forming blocks divided by rather narrow streets, the large houses of wealthy citizens cheek by jowl with the four- or five-roomed homes of their poorer neighbours, and it is easy to repeople the ruined courts and chambers and to understand the surroundings of the men who once inhabited them and pored over the tables of cube roots! Only one room, - a long narrow chamber in No. 7 Quiet Street,- puzzled us altogether. It was a common custom to bury the dead under the houses in which they had lived, and often beneath the pavement we find clay coffins or vaulted brick tombs containing together with the body clay vessels of offerings, food for the journey to the next world, and perhaps the signet seal of the house-owner.:
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2.foundation was sanctified by sacrifice, and this was a banquet spread for the god, the shoulder \"waved before the Lord\" and the cups which once perhaps contained wine and meal.From such mud structures whose date can only be guessed we have moved to a building temple massively constructed in baked brick whose history is already growing c clear thanks to the numerous inscribed objects it is yielding even in these early days of the work. Built in honour of Nin-Gal, the wife of the Moon God of Ur, it was founded about 2220 B. C. by king Bur-Sin and was restored and rebuilt by a whole succession of kings down to the 19th century before Christ, when the kings of the first Dynasty of Babylon took and sacked the city and its shrines suffered a long period of neglect ad decay. By 1400 B. C. the temple was a complete ruin and its site was taken over for a large official building laid out on quite different lines; some seven hundred years later this in its turn was replaced by another and poorer construction in mud and brick, and last of all in the Persian days, between 500 and 400 B. C., a fresh building on a higher level obliterated all trace of what still stood elbow. But the lowest building, which is the most interesting, is yet wonderfully well preserved, and already, though in but few places have we reached its floor level, it is yielding all sorts of treasures which testify to its the splendour in of its prime. It was adorned with statues and bas-reliefs in black diorite and alsbaster, kings set up here records of their piety inscribed on great stelae of polished stone, and dedicated in its shrine statuettes and vases of breccia, alabaster, oolite and granite whereon their names are perpetuated. Enemies have plundered the temple of its precious metals and broken up with axes and hammers the carved work of it, but from the fragments which they flung down we are recovering a collection of objects which from an artistic as well as from a historical point of view are of the greatest value. Luckily what the enemy broke they did not carry away and day by day as all the scattered bits are brought together our finds:
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2.gives access to a double-chambered tomb running the whole width of the building. It is probable that at the time of the burial the great passage vaults were divided into two [xxxxxx] storeys by a wooden floor the beams for whose support were set in holes in the brickwork of the walls on the level of the central platform, so that the funeral procession passed down the stairs through a gap in the floor of what was otherwise a sigle room open in the middle and vaulted at either end. After the funeral, the doorway at the top of the stairs was bricked up and the whole pit was filled in solid with dirt - but not, it would seem, before some daring thief had pulled away the upper bricks of the blocking of the tomb door and had plundered its contents. Above ground level the staircase doow was masked so cleverly as to defy detection, the temporary structures were removed and the permanent building was erected: its court and chambers were at a lower level, and through two doorways steps led up to the high pavement which now overlay the vaults and the stairways in the buried pit.The ground-plan of the superstructure was, as I have said, that of a private house, but it was the house not of a living man but of the deified king who having once been human required for his occupation a house rather than a temple; just as the private person was buried below his house floor, so the king in his tomb lay beneath a building in which he might be supposed to still live. But the rooms were turned to uses unknown in the ordinary dwelling; in many of them, and always where_ the lay over tomb chambers, there were altars for sacrifice and libation - one of these, built of bricks and bitumen, was found almost intact; on the top of it narrow channels ran parallel with the edge and then turned outwards to empty into six small fireplaces set against the:
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2.gress, and wet walls and mud-covered pavements do not lend themselves to photography. Incidentally I may say that the rains have also made living conditions very uncomfortable as our house proved far from water-proof; a certain amount of damage was done by the leakage of salt water, and the roof has had to be re-covered in anticipation of the winter. At the present moment conditions seem to be improving and I hope to send before long the views of the buildings which ought to have accompanied this report.[Note, opening of penciled bracketing labelled \"3\" in the margin] The area excavated measures roughly sixty metres by forty. Within this werefound a number of houses, large and small, in large blocks separated by narrow lanes running more or less at right angles. While the individual houses differ considerably in size and in their internal arrangements, they still conform to some extent to a uniform plan, and this plan is of a quite unexpected character. The front door leads through a small entrance-chamber to a central court off which open the kitchen,the reception-room and various domestic offices, while a brick staircase led up to the main living quarters; these upper rooms seem to have opened onto a wooden gallery, sometimes protected by a pent-house roof, which ran round the central court and was entered directly from the stair-head. Instead of the low and flimsily-built mud huts, consisting of two or three rooms giving off a yard, which characterized sixth-century Babylon, we have at Ur in the 20th century B. C. an almost exact exactcounterpart of the wealthier houses of modern Baghdad. [Note, close of penciled bracketing labelled \"3\" in the margin] I have planned the site, but the drawing out of elevations and restorations is being left for Mr. Whitburn, whom I expect about the 8th of next month; but really photographs of existing houses in Baghdad would serve almost as well as any restoration.[Note, opening of penciled bracketing labelled \"4\" in the margin] From the point of view of objects the houses were not remunerative. There weregraves below the floors of the higher Kassite buildings as well as below those of the Isin town blocks, and these yielded a great quantity of pottery, some good cylinder seals, a few bronzes, but little else. The principal things were a fine bottle of3:
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2.had between them made complete havoc of the buildings; walls of burnt brick or of mud brick were everywhere, but they were merely disconnected fragments out of which it seemed impossible to deduce a plan. Moreover the levels bothered us. The great Temenos wall of Nebuchadnezzar was found well preserved, but its foundations, laid in about 600 B. C., lay six or eight feet below those of walls only a few yards off which according to our dating were nearly fourteen hundred years older, and I began to wonder whether all my arguments were not at fault. Then luck favoured us. In one of the most tattered remnants of mud-brick wall we found first one and then, in a row, three more foundation deposits, boxes of burnt brick each containing, undisturbed, a stone tablet inscribed with the name of Dungi and the dedication of the building, and a copper statuette of the king represented as carrying on his head a basket of mortar for the laying of the first brick: it was a fine haul of museum objects, and a welcome proof that we were really on the tracks of what we had set out to find. Another object, rarer than the copper figures, turned up in the loose rubble filling between the walls, a broken diotite statue of the king with a long inscription on his back, a small statue of a goddess (probably Nin-Gal, the Moon-god's wife) dating from the same period, the Third Dynasty of Ur. This small head, carved in white marble, shows Sumerian art in a more attractive guise than does any other object known to me; the modelling of the features is soft and life-like and an extraordinary expression of vitality is given by the eyes, which are inlaid with shell and lapis lazuli: the hair, originally painted black, is very elaborately rendered, an infinity of fine lines reproducing the combed waves of a formal coiffure round which is tied a heavy plain fillet like the modern agal; it is a real masterpiece of ancient sculpture.But the unravelling of the tangle of broken walls on the site was too intricate a task to allow of the employment there of so many men, and accordingly the greater part of the gang were was shifted to an adjoining mound and only a few re-:
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2.have had a side chapel in the temple; a broken statue of Nin-Gal herself bears an inscription shewing that it was dedicated by Enanatum, the founder of the building; there is a box of black polished stone exactly like a modern cigarette-box, a stone ram's head once mounted on a staff and set up before the altar as a symbol of divinity, there are alabaster vases given by Larsa kings, a granite bowl presented by the daughter of king Dungi (2250 B.C.) but for centuries an heirloom, for it originally belonged to Naram-Sin who was king about 2600 B.C., a beautiful bowl of polished oolite dedicated by Ur-Engur, the builder of the great Ziggurat, an alabaster disk presented by the daughter of Sargon the great of Akkad (2700 B.C.) carved with a scene of sacrifice in which the princess figures in person, and, perhaps five hundred years older even than this, a limestone plaque in perfect condition bearing similar scenes of sacrifice to the Moon God.Nor has the floor-level of the temple alone repaid us. Above the ruins of the Kassite shrine which replaced it we found buried in ashes vessels of [indecipherable] stone, silver and bronze which must be the loot from this later shrine building. The Kassite shrine fell into disuse, and hewn into its walls we found two brick tombs which contained remarkable coffins of copper. Higher up still, under a brick floor dating from about 600 B.C. we discovered rows of small brick boxes in each of which was a statuette of unbaked clay, little gods, friendly demons, dogs and snakes, which with due sacrificial rites were set like sentries in their boxes to protect the house against malign spirits and the evil eye. At every level we have made discoveries, and in the historical information we have gathered, in the buildings whose plans we have traced and in the objects such as a museum may treasure our month's work has had a wonderful reward.:
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2.have never bothered about the market prices of such, and should not be a good person for executing comissions of that sort: and to attempt a business which one does not thoroughly understand is small satisfaction to one. Personally too I am anxious to avoid more delay than is necessary in getting home this year, as I wish not to miss my brother who is in England on leave after five years' absence and goes back to Borneo in the middle of May; the antiquities from here will not reach England before the middle of May at the earliest, and I was calculating on taking that season for my holiday, as after their arrival I shall be b usy enough. On the other hand it may be necessary for me to go to Egypt in order to obtain a passage, as boats from Syria are few and at this time of the year very full; and in that case I'll certainly run up to Cairo and see what I can do for you. But I should prefer to report simply, and not to enter upon any definite engagements to purchase. So please leave the question open for the time being, and let circumstances decide for me. I do not at all want to be disobliging, but it is not a job which I like to undertake or for which I want to lose time, if I can manage it ithout loss of time and without commi comitting myself I shall be glad to help. All are well here. Legrain joins me in regards, and adds that you may envy him the short drinks in the evening and the excellent whiskey!Yours sincerely,[signature] Leonard Wooley:
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2.have the finest Sumerian collection.I am glad to say that we have now arranged that my wife shall come over with me to the States next March; she will not travel to all the places I expect to visit but will go to some and will give a few lectures herself; it will be a great pleasure to shew her Philadelphia, and she is looking forward immensely to the trip, as I am myself.With best wishes from us both,Yours very sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]PS. I enclose a photograph as required!:
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2.He had been obliged to engage a gang of men to dig out the building before it could be entered at all, but he had made such good progress that we were able to settle in at once on our arrival and the next morning I enrolled the workmen. Most of those taken on were old hands, and their experience would ensure good work. I started excavations on Friday Oct. 30th with 215 men.This year I have dispensed with Khalil ibn Jadur, my second foreman from Car-chemish: Hamoudi takes sole command of the gang, but receives assistance from his son Yahia, who again acts as photographer, and he has also with him a younger son Ibrahim, who ranks as an ordinary pick-man but is to be trained up with a view to his eventually taking on the job of foreman. This change means a certain economy for the fund and will, I hope, prove satisfactory. I have also ceased to employ my local agent, whose wages have been a considerable item, and have made fresh arrange-ments for obtaining food supplies. A more substantial saving has been effected by the cutting down of wages: labour conditions have enabled me to reduce the men's wages from six to five rupees a week; the reduction has been accepted cheerfully and has not in any way impaired the efficiency or good will of the men, whereas it repres-ents an economy of about £125 in the course of the season.I enclose a summary of accounts for the period July 1st to October 31st. I regret that the expenses of traveling have been rather in excess of my estimate; this is due in part to my stopping in Paris for purposes of work, and in part to Mr. Whit-burn's being obliged to take any passage which was offered to him. Stores also have come to a little more than I foresaw; after three years the outfit originally pur-chased for the house )much of it second-hand) had to be liberally replenished; nore-over I had decided that enlargements to the house were necessary, and for the new rooms furniture had to be bought; my idea was to build a new study, separate from the living-room which is also dining- and general work-room, a second bath-room and another bedroom: allowance for the building is made in my estimates.:
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2.hold good.One grave which I would assign to the latter part of the early period contained an object of very great value for comparative dating, a complete painted clay vase of the later Jemdet Nasr type. This is the only example of this ware ever yet encountered by us: it must be an importation at a time when Sumerian pottery was exclusively monochrome, & it appears to support the view I have already put forward that the Jemdet Nasr ware is northern and Akkadian, not Sumerian, and that in the north its manufacture continued until the native Akkadian culture had been swamped by the Sumerian, i.e., until the rise of the First Dynasty of Erech if not until that of the First Dynasty of Ur: at any rate it must mean that the Jemdet Nasr culture, though earlier, is not much earlier than that of our first series of graves.Of the private graves one of the best was that of a very young child perhaps three or four years old. Besides a set of stone vases the little shaft contained a group of miniature vessels in silver and on the body were miniature gold pins, while on the head was a miniature wreath of gold beech-leaves, another of gold rings, and one with pendants of gold, lapis and carnelian. Another child's grave contained a fine head ornament (of which I send a photograph) - a chain of triple beads in gold, lapis and carnelian with a large gold roundel of cloisonne work and two others of wire filigree. A woman's grave produced, together with many other objects, the remains of a harp similar in type to that of Queen Shub-ad though simpler in character in that it had no animal's head and was decorated with silver instead of gold; a very important feature was that the woman wore on her head, as well as the normal beech-leaf and ring wreaths, a diadem decorated as was the second diadem of Queen Shubad, with pomegranates and figures of anim-:
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2.hundred years ago.While the excavation of the temple was still in progress the div- ision of the antiquities found during the season between the Iraq Gov- ernment and the expedition was effected and those allotted to the lat- ter were packed for transport to London; they filled fifty-three cases and amongst them are many of the oldest objects that the Mesopotamian valley has yet produced. The preparation of these for exhibition is the next task of the Expedition.:
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2.I have engaged 175 men, this being the greatest number advisable this season when both of my as istants are new to the work of supervision and much of my own time must be given up to the architectural side of the work. For the first week or so all hands will be employed on the area NW of the ziggurat, between that building and the temenos wall; I propose to clear the whole of that this year, and wish to get out the main lines of the site as quickly as possible; then I can work out the details better with a smaller force, while the rest of the men can be employed on an outlying site more likely to yield museum objects. I trust that the necessary economies of this year will not seriously curtail my programme; I may say that the preliminary expenses which I now report are well within the amount provided in my estimate.Hoping that these accounts will meet with your satisfaction.I have the honour to, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]DirectorJoint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the Ubiversity of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia:
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2.in itself, with its courts and sanctuary and its rows of service chambers; an intermediate block is formed by a series of minor shrines, including that if the deified founder, king Bur-Sin, and by a complex of small rooms under the floors of which we found vaulted tombs, perhaps those of the chief priests of the temple. The finds made in January had given us some idea of the ancient riches of this great temple; the last stages of our work on it brought to light one more relic of its decoration, a very charming head carved in black diorite of a goddess with the full soft features characteristic of the Sumerian women and with her hair dressed in the sadly unbecoming chignon affected by deities: it is certainly one of the best examples of sculpture yet found here.As the work on the temple drew to a finish the bulk of the men were drafted off to a site within the Scared Area whose excavation had been begun by Dr. Hall in 1918 and never completed; now all that remains of it has been cleared. The building, originally started by Ur-Engur, was apparently unfinished at the time of his death and whereas the wall bricks are stamped with his name those of the pavement bear the name of his son and successor Dungi; the bricks, very large and of admirable quality, are set in bitumen mortar, and there is no building at Ur with the sole exception of the Ziggurat, also Ur-Engur's work, so well and solidly constructed. One part of it,apparently the living-quarters of the priest in charge, is well preserved, but the temple proper has suffered severely and not all its plan could be recovered, but under one corner from which all the brickwork had disappeared we found lit upon the foundation box containing the conventional copper figure of the king carrying his basket of mortar and the stone model brick - unfortunately not inscribed.Meanwhile a smaller gang has been digging close to the foot of the Ziggurat on its south-west face where we had previously traced the enclosure wall built round the Temenos by Nebuchadnezzar but now hoped to find an earlier version of the same dating from the time of the Larsa kings, about 2100 B.C. Actually the results were bet-:
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2.in situ or re-used in the buildings of the next period shew that this was E-Nanner, the House of the Moon god in the Third Dynasty. One of these door-sockets was remarkable in that resting upon it was found the bronze shoe of the hinge-pole, also inscribed with the king's name and titles. Some deep cuts in the terrace produced no remains of buildings, but many fragments of the \"prehistoric\" painted pottery; from one we obtained a very fine little shell plaque engraved with two human or divine figures in Sumerian dress and wearing crowns; it certainly dates from the fourth millenium B.C. and is an admirable example of the art of that time. The buildings which replaced those of Ur-Engur were due to the Isin and Larsa kings, and most of the latter dynasty are represented by actual remains. We have nricks of En-an-atum, son of Ishme-dagan, a cone of Sumu-ilu, another of Nur-Adad, bricks of Sin-[6 letter word]idinnam and Silli-Adad, and less than eleven large cones of Warad-Sin which were found in position embedded in the mud brickwork of his buildings. These kings refaced with burnt brick the original mud-brick terrace wall of Ur-Engur, rebuilt his chambers more or less on their old lines, and finally Warad-Sin added a new fort which projected from the line of the terrace to the NW. The next builder was Kuri-Galzu, who added a new facing or \"kisu\" to the terrace and rebuilt most of the ruined work of his predecessors. Over his walls stretch pavements made of old bricks re-used (some of these date back to the Second dynasty of Ur, others are from a building of Dungi) laid down by some nameless ruler, probably Sin-balatsu-ikbi in the 7th century B.C., which obliterate the ground-plan of the old E-Nannar, and [5 letter word] run out over what had been the low ground at the foot of the terrace but was now levelled up by the debris from the buildings on it. A clean sweep was made by the Neo-Babylonians when they built their Temenos Wall. The plan as it now works out shews that in Nabonidus' day the Ziggurat stood in the centre of a strongly walled rectangular enclosure having a fortress at each corner; the[?E.?} Fort was new, the North Fort was the old fort of Warad-Sin and Kuri-Galzu remodelled, the W. Fort was the old E-dublal-makh, and the S. Fort on which we are now at work has yet to be identified. The area inside this enceinte wall was kept free of buildings, except that in the angle between the central and the borthern flights of stairs of the Ziggurat there was a complex of rooms which must be a new version of E-Nannar, and in the corresponding angle to the south remains now coming to light may be a sister shrine of Nin-Gal. In our final publication we shall be able to give five plans of this important area, shewing the surroundings of the Ziggurat at each main stage in the history of Ur.Up to the present this could not be done of any ziggurat at any period.E-DUBLAL-MAKH and its surroundings.On the building itself itself work is being done by slow degrees, as it is important not to destroy what may later prove indispensible. Inside the first chamber we have gone down deep, finding the original wall of Bur-Sin (v. my last report) and remains of a still earlier work of the Second Dynasty of Ur. Now we have cleared away the floor levels of nabonidus and of Kuri-Galzu:
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2.in their main line all may be said to conform to one type. From the street door one passed through a little entrance-chamber into a central court which was partly open to the sly and acted as a light-well for the surrounding rooms. One side of the court was taken up by the reception-room, a long shallow chamber with a door wider than the rest set in the middle of the length; on another side was the kitchen, and other domestic offices occupied the remaining space. Close to the entrance was the door of the staircase;the treads, high and narrow like those of modern Arab stairs, were built of solid brick below and were carried up in wood on their return over the cupboard-like chamber alongside. The living-rooms of the family were all on the upper floor. The arrangement of the rooms above corresponded to that of the ground floor, but whereas those had opened onto the paved court, the top rooms were entered from a wooden gallery which ran from the stairhead round the four sides of the court and seems to have been protected by a pent-house roof: the whole plan of the building anticipates almost exactly that of the richer houses of modern Baghdad, and we have only to look at one of these to get a very fair picture of the setting in which a Terah might have passed his life at Ur four thousand years ago.The houses, continuously inhabited throughout a long period (all sorts of minor rebuilding and alterations shewed the whims of successive owners), had been swept bare of nearly all their contents, and even the graves, -for it was the custom to bury the dead below the house wherein they had lived,- had generally been plundered and yielded little except clay pots and sometimes the signet seal of the householder; but in one respect, and that perhaps the most important of all, the ruins were productive. Very large numbers of inscribed tablets were found, some singly, others in hoards, lying along the foot of the brick shelf in the repository where they had been kept, or flung out together as rubbish in:
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2.It is impossible nowadays to speak of 'rich tombs' without evoking a memory of the marvelous treasures of Tutankhamen. In the nature of things Mesopotamia can never produce such furniture as filled the rock-hewn hermetically sealed chambers of Thebes; here whatever offerings accompanied the dead man to his grave were but laid between two spread mats with earth heaped above: the mats decayed and the objects, crushed beneath eighteen feet of soil, have for thousands of years sufferred from the chemical action set up by damp and salt; wood perishes leaving little or no trace of itself, silver and copper may corrode to dust, even stone does not always escape corruption, and only gold triumphantly resists. Obviously the comparison with Egypt is unfair; and yet we can say that from the wreckage of these graves come objects which although 2000 years older than Tutankhamen, rival even his treasures in artistic merit and in skill of craftsmanship.One of our best things is a fragment of inlay work consisting of eight shell plaques four of which are decorated with linear patterns, four most delicately engraved with animal figures; the engraved lines are filled in with colour, black for the animals and red for the conventional background, and the plaques are framed with narrow borders of pink limestone and lapis lazuli. More elaborate than this but less artistic is what one is inclined to call a royal gaming-board; it again consists of shell plaques, twenty in all, adorned with linear designs and inlay of red paste and lapis and framed with lapis, ivory and mother-of-pearl; it comes from one of the earliest graves of all. But the richest grave - if indeed it is all one grave - was found at the very end of the season, so late that to finish it we were compelled to keep ten men on at work after the rest of the gang had been dismissed. At a depth of eighteen feet we came on a hard of copper tools and weapons lying between two of the filmy streaks of white which indicate matting; there were complete sets of chisels and a spear-head of bright gold. We followed up the matting over an area vastly greater than that of any tomb yet found by us and came upon increasing quantities of copper weapons, more spears, arrows by the quiverful, lance-points, a mace, axe-heads, parts of bows and other things which we could not identify. Then there lay scattered in the soil beads and pendants of polished carnelian, lapis and gold, some of them exquisitely worked; then the gold binding of a bow; then an adze of solid gold, its handle of wood covered with gesso pointed red and bound with thin gold; and lastly, lying apart, a silver baldric to which was attached a golden 'vanity-case' enriched with filigree work and containing intact its tiny tweezers, spoon and stiletto, all of gold hung on a silver ring, and a dagger which was the season's crowning reward. The hilt is of one piece of deep-coloured lapis lazuli studded with gold, the blade is of burnished gold; the sheath isof/36:
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2.It is obviously necessary to finish out the cemetery which last year proved so re-munerative, and to this I propose to devote the first part of the season. The num-ber of men desirable for this work would be comparatively small, about 120, but a-gainst the the economy in wages should be set the probability of heavy \"baksheesh\" forimportant finds: it is my opinion that the richest part of the cemetery has yet to be dug. The second part of the programme, which might to some extent run concur-rently, is the excavation of the great courtyard building lying NE of the Ziggurat.This is heavy work on which a gang of anything up to 300 man could be employed, and so for the latter half of the season the pay-bill is likely to be large. I may saythat the work, at any rate in its earlier stages, is not likely to produce much inthe way of objects - the lower levels might perhaps be more productive - but it isessential to the thorough excavation of the sacred Temenos. Indeed with it the ex-cavation of the Temenos might be considered complete, and we should at least be ina position to undertake the publication of the Expedition's work as a reasonablyfinished whole. With a view to this end I have made a fairly generous allowance for wages. Living Expenses are calculated on the normal basis. I may point out that they include the living expenses of the three imported foreman as well as of the Staff, house servants and chauffeur.Varia for Work. My old car was sold as unserviceable at the end of last seasonand must be replaced, which should be possible at the sum of £25. The item of thepresent to the tribal sheikh plus wages of guards has always been a heavy charge onthe Expedition. The past expense will be largely justified if, as I hope, the sitehas, without extra cost, been preserved undisturbed through the summer in spite of the inducement to plunder caused by our plentiful discoveries of gold last year; itcould only have been safeguarded at very heavy expense if the position had not beensecured by former regular payments.:
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2.it would even seem that they had been forestalled, for at an early date, before the great stair-pit was filled in with earth to support the floor of the superstructure, someone had broken through the brick blocking of the tomb doors; the Elamites perhaps found no more than we shall find. But elsewhere they had loot in plenty. In the doorways of the building above-ground there lay fragments of the leaf gold and mosaic in gold and lapis lazuli which adorned the doors and walls; and always the altars in these upper rooms had been torn up, as if in them too precious things had been hidden. The upper building was intended for the worship of the dead king and was planned on the lines of a private house, only distinguished by its magnificence and by the altars and religious other fittings of a religious nature which occupied its chambers. That magnificence has gone, but the grandeur of the structure remains, a worthy monument of Ur's greatest kings.In the private houses the most important discovery has been that of a little goddess chapel dedicated to a goddess whose function appears to have been the protection of travellers along the desert tracks. It dates to about 2000 B.C. and was quite a humble shrine to a minor deity, but it was most interesting because it was practically undisturbed. The statue of the goddess stood in its niche in the tiny sanctuary, a second statue lay fallen on the floor of the main chamber, where too lay a curiously-carved limestone pillar with a cup-like hollow at the top; outside the door was one of the clay reliefs which had decorated the facade, a figure two feet high of a bull-legged demon; small votive objects, a model chariot, model beds and stone mace-heads were in a corner room, clay pots and a number of inscribed tablets littered the:
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2.itect himself, a total increase of [Pound symbol]400. The hard winter of last year shewed certain faults in the Expedition house, and repairs will have to be undertaken and some extra accommodation provided, - a second bath-room, a stable and another bedroom are really needed, and all existing windows and doors require renewal. My estimate in consequenc reaches a total of [Pound symbol]5000 if my request for an increase of salary to myself be granted or of [Pound symbol]4800 if that be refused. It will be remarked that I assume that Dr. Legrain will again accompany the Expedition, and his salary is therefore included in the es-timate.Trusting that you will approve of my statement of accounts and accept in principle my estimate for future expenditure,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your obedient Servant,[signature of C. Leonard Woolley]:
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2.lions, and we have the inlay stela which will I believe prove to be a finer thing even than Mes-Kalam-dug's wig. The chariot includes the rein-ring with the electrum ass, again one of the best things found; the rein ring with the bull went to Baghdad. From the subsidiary burials in Shub-ad's grave and in that of her husband we have a number of gold head-dresses, and there are many other gold objects. The silver vessels are numerous and many in excellent condition; the small silver toilet-box with lid inlaid in shell and lapis came to us, and with the animal heads come a number of fine shell plaques.We were much helped by the fact that the Iraq Museum has no one capable of dealing with objects that need restoration or technical treatment and is therefore chary of selecting such; even so I had a hard fight to secure the inlay stela and had to surrender a good deal to get it, but had the Museum been better equipped we should not have obtained the chariot, the harp and the golden bull's head as well as all the Shub-ad treasure. On the whole we have done well by the division, and though I grudge the inscribed vessels of Mes-kalam-dug I feel sure that you will be satisfied by with the share allotted to the Expedition.The more valuable objects and those needing most treatment leave Ur tomorrow for immediate shipment; the rest will follow at the end of the season.I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient ServantC. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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2.low the foundations of the Larsa buildings (c. 2000 B.C.); these walls must be ofa very remote antiquity, but traces of coppers shewed that the stone age properlyspeaking lay yet further back. In connection with the lowest buildings we foundfoundation-deposits in the form of large clay pots inverted over mats on which wereplaced clay cups containing animal and other remains, undoubtedly a meal spread forthe god: the practice is of course known in Egypt at much later times, but has notI believe hitherto been established for this country. Various circumstances pointedto the fact that the pottery drains which, as I stated in my last report, were as-tonishingly numerous in the mound and belonged to all periods of its occupation, possessed a quite unexpected characted. They had originalky no connection with thegraves, they were too many to serve the sanitary needs of the small sacred buildings(not private houses) erected on the site, and there were found inside them verylarge numbers of clay pots xxxxx of types which we know from other evidence to havebeen used for offerings to the gods. I am convinced that these \"drains\", thoughsimilar in construction to others in other parts of the city which really were )xxidrains, here acted as channels by which libations could be xxxx poured and offerings madeto the god of the underworld. Certainly a peculiar sanctity attached to the spot, for the buildings on it, though quite small, were constantly rebuilt by kings; Ur-Engur, Dungi, Bursin, of the IIIrd Dynasty, Libit-Ishtar of Isin, the Larsa kings,have all left their mark on the site, and even Nebuchadnezzar was at pains to pre-served its character: for some two hundred years it served as a cemetery, and thebuildings as mortuary chapels, and during that time it may be that the cult of thedead was combined with that of the god of the lower world, but I have no doubt that the latter was the primary idea: it might even be possible to regard these drainsas a modest version of the \"apsu\", the deep and dark place, which royal buildersdedicated to Ea. Very few objects of intrinsic importance were discovered in these low levels;the most important was a little shell carving of a bull found under a mud floor of:
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2.mah there is a range of courts and chambers, divided up into separate units, which seems to have been called E-Kar-zida, and was partly residential and in part one of the industrial centres of the E-gish-shir-gal temples.Above the floor of one of the rooms we came upon a small collection of tablets of the Larsa period, and below another floor a large hoard of several hundred tablets, some uncommonly large (more than a foot square), all dated within two or three years of each other in the reign of Ibi-Sin the last king of the Third dynasty of Ur (2208-2183 B.C.) and containing temple accounts. These accounts are full of interest for the light they throw on the activities of a great shrine; there are the records of the weaving shops attached to the temple, receipts of tithes, lists of servants, details of sacrifices and offerings, issue vouchers of temple stores etc; their connection with the building in which they were found gives them a special importance. The work of baking, cleaning and mending is in the hands of Dr. Legrain; the full analysis of their contents must necessarily be a matter of time and cannot be finished in the field. A few Neo-Babylonian tablets containing omens etc., are of greater intrinsic interest.The excavation of E-kar-zida, down to the Larsa level is still in progress, and will hardly be complete before the close of the season.The temple of Nin-GalWork in the south corner of E-temen-ni-il at first seemed disappointing: everywhere we encountered piles of ashes five and six feet deep, and walls ere conspicuous by their absence, excepting for a few shoddy constructions of the Persian period. It was only after several days of apparently fruitless labour that we came upon a heavy wall of mud brick decorated with vertical grooves which proved to be the Neo-Babylonian enceinte wall of E-temen-ni-il, running between the main wall of the Temenos and the inner angle of E-dublal-mah. With this discovery we have complete the delimitation of the Ziggurat enclosure and which I assumed to be the fort for which I had all the time been looking. This assumption was soon disproved. The building, which took on ever larger proportions as digging progressed, proved to be the temple of Nin-Gal, the wife of Nannar the Moon God. Unfortunately the greater part of the temple underlay the spoil-heap made by Dr. Hall when in 1919 he cleared part of the SE. face of the Ziggurat, and some ten to twelve feet of modern dump had to be removed over a wide area before the walls could be traced; this has naturally made the work both slow and costly, and indeed it is not yet finished; but what we have got already of the temple is worth the trouble of shifting so much rubbish. The building was for the most part of mud brick of particularly bad quality; the majority of the walls are ruined down to floor level, and where this is not the case they are only with great difficulty to be distinguished from the soil in which they are buried; but the pavements are:
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2.moon goddess exquisitely carved in white marble, its eyes inlaid with lapis lazuli and shell; it is a most lifelike piece of work, the contours of the face full and soft, the hair a faithful rendering of an elab orately waved coiffure, a piece which proves that the artists of the Third Dynasty had achieved a skill worthy of the great empire ruled by their kings.The graves which made so difficult our search for the buildings were in them-selves interesting enough. They dated from a rather later period, between 1900 and 1700 B. C., some being brick-built tombs and others clay coffins shaped like baths inverted over the body of the dead man, and they contained large quantities of pot-tery and other objects. Against the side of one we found the gravediggers' tools, dropped accidentally into the shaft, hoes or adzes like those used by the modern Egyptian peasant, but of bronze instead of iron, and inside another, the grave of assessor in the lawcourts, was a little set of tablets recording his last business transactions; amongst other things he had just added a single room to his town house and had bought the necessary little plot of land for the modest equivalent of [undecipherable] shillings and [undecipherable] pence. four dollars twenty cents.The neighbouring mound proved no less fertile. We traced out the inner face of the great wall built by king Nebuchadnezzar round the old buildings of the Sacred Area of Ur and found its south-west gate, and then, going deeper inside the wall, laid bare some houses which seem to have been last inhabited about 693 B. C., when someone dropped on the floor a lot of inscribed clay tablets some of which contained schoolboys' exercises and grammars and some [undecipherable] religious hymns or prayers. But it was beneath the floor of this house that our best discoveries were made, for here, as it appears, there had been thrown out some of the contents of a very ancient shrine, the debris of ruined buildings had covered them, and the floor had been laid over the top of all. First we found pots of archaic forms, then a collection of beads in gold and silver, lapis lazuli and carnelian; close to these was a pair of rams:
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2.Museum is supposed to pay in one half of its contribution at the beginning of the Expedition's financial year (which starts on July 1st) and one half on December 31st; one have therefore of the total sum given in my estimate and approved by the Museums ought to be at my disposal as from July 1st. Actuallysome[sic] funds are needed before that date, as I have to arrange for the payment for guards on the site and for water, so that an advance has to be made from the balance over from the previous season if any and where there was no such balance I have borrowed from the British Museum; of course there is no demand on anything like the total sum, which is calculated to last me half-way through the [word xed out here] winter, but what with salaries and traveling expenses, which come early in the autumn, considerable drafts have to be made on this first credit. Normally I have obtained the first instalment[sic] from the British Museum as soon as it was due, or at least a large advance on it, and [word xed out here] have been content to wait till the autumn for your contribution, that money being really required only when the Expedition takes the field.This year I started with a balance the larger part of which represented the British Museum's contribution and drew from them a further remittance of £400 to complete their half share; I was not aware when I came out here that none had been forthcoming from you and that my instructions to the Eastern Bank were therefore premature. The Bank appealed to the British Museum and they sent in a remittance anticipating their second contribution intended to cover the deficite[sic], but at the end of the year the London account was overdrawn again in spite of the fact that, having been informed of the situation, I had delayed to pay cer-:
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2.new buildings at on a level some six or seven feet above the old. In front of the old gate-tower he laid out a court some thirty yards square, and round this built a double wall enclosing a series of rooms of different s1 sizes. His buildings were of crude mud brick, and except on either side of the tower, where they were protected by its massive walls, they were are ruined down almost to the level of the floors, and since wind and rain had denuded the whole area and left only a foot or so of earth over the brick pavements it looked as unpromising a site for excavation as well might be. In order to make complete the plan of the late Babylonian Temenos we had to dig it none the less; and we have every reason to be glad of the necessity.The first half-hour's work in shallow soil brought to light a large votive mace-head of granite and a tall boundary-stone inscribed with the title-deeds of property, the owners' and the witnesses' names, and hearty curses by all the gods whose symbols were carved in relief above on whosoever xx should remove his neighbour's landmark. Then came tablets and inscribed foundation cones, a fragment from a diorite statue with an inscription of king Dungi, carefully trimmed so as to preserve the lettering intact, an early cylinder seal, and various small objects. The strange thing was the disparity of dates. The statue was of about 2250 B.C., the cones of two hundred years later, the boundary-stone of the Kassite period, about 1600-1500 B.C., and yet all lay together above a paved floor of the sixth century. Then was found a very curious object - a small drum-shaped clay pedestal whereon were three short inscriptions in rather faulty Sumerian and then thereafter the explanation; \"Copy of bricks ... of Bur-Sin king of Ur which Sin-balatsu-ikbi,vice-regent of Ur, was found when searching for the ground-plan of E-gish-shir-gal. These Nabu-shum-iddina, son of I-din-an-nium the priest of Ur, has copied for the singled out and copied for the admiration of people\". We knew that we were not the first in the field at Ur, for Dr. Hall worked here in [?] 1919, and Taylor excavated part of the site seventy years ago: but it is delightful to learn that we have an earlier forerunner and that in the seventh century B.C. someone was drawing up the plans of the [???] ruins and, like Dr. Legrain today but with less skill, copying the inscriptions found; and he would even seem to have started a local Museum of antiquities! When some of the late tablets proved to be writing-exercises and one a syllabary endorsed as \"the property of the boys' school\", and when we found with these loose bricks with scratched pattern which were either gaming-boards or abaci for teaching arithmetic, it was hard to resist the jest that we had stumbled on the ruins of the University Museum! But the inscriptions on the bricks of the pavement threw a different light on the question, for they described the place as the house built by Nabonidus for the Priestess of Nannar, and this can only mean that the whole complex of chambers between the double walls of the court is the cloister wherein lived Bel-Shaltu-Nannar, the King's own daughter, whom he solemnly installed as High Priestess of the god at Ur. Doubtless there were schools in this ancient E-gig-par, as in a modern convent, and if the Princess had a museum of antiquities in her cloister she was but inheriting a taste for archaeology from her father, who has left on record his pleasure in the discovery of ancient monuments.:
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2.of a class far more important than anything we had found previously; I hope to get many more of these literary texts, and as the building is remarkably well preserved ought to obtain objects of other kinds as well. Work on this site will have to go rather slowly, if tablets are to be extricated in numbers and in good condition, so I propose to start wih a rather smaller gang than usual, increasing the numbers if advisable later on. I do not anticipate sensational results early in the season, but I do feel confident that the site is a good one and will well repay excavation. My party will reach Baghdad probably on the 23rd, and I shall get on to Ur as quickly as possible and start excavations on November 1st as usual. I understand that Mr. Cooke has taken Miss Bell's place as Director of the Iraq Museum, and I shall presumably have to deal with him as well as with the Advisor to the Ministry of Education.Before I left England the first proofs of the whole of the al Ubaid book had been corrected; in order to save time further proofs will not be sent out to me in Iraq, but Dr. Hall will undertake all the remaining work of editing up the volume. It ought to be out this year, and will be a handsome publication.I think that that is everything until I can report actual progress in the field - and I hope that when I can do so the report will be a good one!Yours sincerely,[signed] C. Leonard Woolley:
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2.of Nannar the Moon god and his wife Nin-gal; in the west corner of it rose a second terrace with sloped walls of mud brick inset with clay cones bearing the king's dedication-texts, and in the middle of this upper terrace stood the Ziggurat, flanked by shrines of the great gods. It is obvious that the terrace, solidly constructed and dominating the city, was as well adapted to military as to religious purposes; it would naturally be the last line of defense against an invading enemy. It is not then surprising to find that after the Elamite conquest which brought to an end the dynasty founded by Ur-Engur the great outer wall was breached and in part overthrown: only in one place have we found th[sic] burnt brickwork of its face preserved; elsewhere only the mud-brick core remains, cut back to a slope by the despoilers and by the weather. Warad-Sin king of Larsa in about 1960 B.C. undertook its reconstruction. At either end of t he[sic] line he contented himself with restoring the old work, but in the centre[sic] of the NW face he built a strong fort with buttressed walls of burnt brick which rose directly from the terrace edge and occupied its entire width. This addition to the defence was probably in view of the war which Warad-Sin had started against Babylon and the Babylonian victory sixty years later [word x-ed out, may typed above] have led to its destruction, or t hat[sic] may have resulted from the rebellion of Ur against Hammurabi's successor early in the nineteenth century. Ur was neglected after that time, and local resources could do no more than patch with shoddy brickwork the breaches in the Larsa walls; but in the fourteenth century B.C. Kuri-Galzu of Babylon embarked on a general work of restoration; he rebuilt the fort, set up a range of magazines along the terrace to the south-west of it, and on the north-east added a series:
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2.of Sinbalatsu-ikbi giving no less than nine variants of a new text, dedic-ations of shrines and statues to different gods worshipped in the same temple. Work was pushed forward to the SE of the Nin-Gal temple, and it was foun that the entrance of this gave from the courtyard onto a paved street which ran from the E-dublal-makh courtyard to the Temenos wall; immediately oppos-ite to the Nin-Gal gateway was the similar gateway of another large temple o palace complex of which we were able to trace only the NW and the SW sides: it dates from the Larsa period but has been rebuilt by Kuri-galzu; the N. corner seems to be an open court, along the SW are small rooms and shrines recognisable by the statue bases still in situ: a good door-socket found under the floor of one of these must belong to an earlier structure; it give the name of Gimil-Sin but does not identify the building whith which we are at present dealing. Only a few days could be spent upon this site, but the results were satisfactory in two ways, for the excavated area now extends xx well towards the great \"E-kharsag\" mound which should be the objective of our next season and so makes easier the linking up of that with the Ziggurat and further its SW limits are found to be conterminous with the Neo-Babylon-ian temenos, and so help to define the area necessarily to be excavated in the future. On the E-dublal-makh site the whole of the great courtyard has been cleaed and another range of buildings along the NE of it excavated; the site has thus been linked up with E-nun-makh on the one hand and with the Nin-Gal temple on the other, while in the west corner of the court is a well-preserv flight of brick steps giving access to the Ziggurat terrace or E-temen-ni-il A door-socket of Bur-Sin found in one of the chambers gave further inform-ation about the foundation of the temple on the site of a primitive unroofed enclosure used for sacrifice - probably the structure whose walls, dating fr the Second Dynasty of Ur, we found under the Bur-Sin floor level inside the shrine. A brick-lined well in the courtyard produced water at a depth of som forty-five feet below pavement level, i.e., sixty feet below the surface of the mound: the water is unfortunately brackish.In one of the chambers of the range of buildings round the court we con-tinued to find great numbers of tablets, all business archives of the temple the baking of these, which was a considerable tax or our time and also rather expensive, has now been taken over by the Iraq Railways, and better results are now obtained with the greater heat which their oil furnaces supply. Other small objects include a fine bronze axe-head, an arrow-head of bronze plated with gold, probably a votive object, a gold locket with stone inlay, a bronze bowl and vase from a late tomb, and some curious painted mud statuettes, un-fortunately in bad condition, of priests (?) wearing the fish mantle, found in a brick box under a late floor level. But our main discovery was made in the courtyard of E-dublal-makh and i[?n] the gate-chamber leading to it. Here there were scattered over the pavement quantities of limestone fragments, large and small, which proved to be parts of one, or possibly two, huge stelae measuring five feet across and perhaps:
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2.of the Jemdet Nasr period which has hitherto been but scantily represented at Ur. The period is named after the site near Kish, excavated by Professor Langdon, where its characteristic three-coloured pottery was first found; it is one of the outstanding puzzles in Mesopotamian archaeology, for [word crossed out, then its culture typed above] is very distinct from both what comes before and what follows after it, shews certain fairly obvious connections with Elam in the East, and in spite of its association with tablets of a proto-Sumerian type has often been taken to be foreign and intrusive; unfortunately at Jemdet Nasr itself only one fragmentary skull was secured to throw light on the [word x-ed out] anthropological side of the question, and at Kish and Warka no graves had been discovered.In the small area excavated - and since the graves lie as much as fifty feet below the surface the area must needs be small - we recorded over a hundred and thirty graves set close together and one above the other. The upper graves were of a post-Jemdet Nasr date and contained pottery decorated with the \"reserved slip\" technique which elsewhere we have found both in buildings and in rubbish-strata well above those in which the polychrome pottery occurs. The intermediate graves yielded tumblers of a curiously tall and slender type which in the atrata[sic] of Kish, Warka and Ur are found commonly and exclusively immediately above the Jemdet Nasr levels: the lowest graves were of the Jemdet Nasr age and produced both the polychrome vases characteristic of it and also vessels [inserted above: of plain burnished plum-red colour and others] with freely-drawn designs in red paint on the buff body-clay, a technique which seems to belong to the latter part of t he[sic] period. The sequence is much more interesting than an unmixed Jemdet Nasr cemetery would have been.At this depth in the soil everything was much crushed, especially in:
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2.out and with the Tel el Obeid dig in prospect, and with, too, the possibility of employment of a larger gang which Lawrence's supervision might justify, or make economically desirable, I do not see my way to making a long, even a reasonably long season of it. Of course I am going to try to do all the work planned on the sum of £3000 fixed by you and Kenyon at my own suggestion; but I should strongly recommend that if it be possible for you to do so, as indeed you hinted at our last interview, you should put at my disposal a further sum only to be drawn upon in case of real need. I am very anxious to hear your decision on this point, and should be glad if, as distances are so great, you would cable me what you decide.The site is an excellent one and will repay a great deal of work and outlay. I am now engaged on the excavation of a very important building, one of the most ancient of the historic temples of Mesopotamia; it is remarkably well preserved, and though only a part of it has as yet been cleared we have already obtained most important new historical information, and in the way of museum objects have found, though we have not yet started looking into the deeper levels and foundation-deposits, unique specimens dating as far back as the Agade dynasty; some of these objects are of considerable artistic as well as historical value.I hope to send a full report on the work in ten days' time. All three of us are well and flourishing. The weather has been most kind, and there has as yet been no rain to speak of, - none to stop work for a moment; only the wind and dust (it's a dreadfully dusty place) have at all interfered with progress.The house is finished and is really most comfortable an well suited to the needs of the expedition now and in the future; I send you a plan and a photo of it. It is a boon to be in proper rooms where one can work decently instead of a tent with all its crowding and disorder. On furniture etc., I have spent more than I should have done if the dig were going to last one season only; this is I think justified by the permanent nature of the preparations I was told to make and by the fact that through the kindness of friends here I have been able to secure things far more cheaply than normally I could do in this by no means cheap country. To buy now in this way seems to me a true economy for future years, - and it has the advantage that we in the present year are personally comfortable and properly equipped for our respective jobs. I hope I shall get a wire from you on the money question. I hate seeming to go back on my own estimate, but I think it only wise to be prepared, and a slight excess over the estimate might make all the difference between a moderately and a very successful year.Yours very sincerely,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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2.pottery on the top of which the body was placed together with the grave offerings. Occasionally small beads of shell or black stone are worn on the arms and a stone axe or mace-head may be found by the shoulder, but for the most part the offerings are of clay. The characteristic pottery is of a type familiar from fragments which occur freely in the earlier levels at Ur, at Eridu, at Warka and at other Sumerian sites, but it is called \"al 'Ubaid ware\" because at al 'Ubaid we first found three or four more orr less complete examples of it; made of a buff [x] clay often turned green in the firing and decorated with designs in chocolate-brown or black paint, it is entirely different from anything made produced in the historic or later pre-historic periods, and even before we found fragments of it underlying the clay deposit left by the Flood I had ventured to call it antediluvian. Now we have complete vases in great numbers and in a variety of forms; thin-walled and inclined to be brittle, they have been crushed by the enormous weight f the earth under which they have lain for so many thousands of years, but the colours have not suffered and the pots, once pieced together, will form a wonderful collection noteworthy not only for the antiquity but for the artistic excellence of the objects. The decoration simple in its elements, is well composed and admirably adapted to the shape of the vessel; the shapes, so far from being primitive, shew that the Mesopotamian potter had already explored to the full the natural possibilities of his material; it is a humble art perhaps but highly developed.Another aspect of art is shewn by the figurines which occur in a number of graves. They are of terra-cotta and always represent a nude female resting her hands on her sides, sometimes hold-:
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2.preliminaries for the final publication of the Cemetery. A tabular analysis has been drawn out of all the graves and their contents (there are more than 1800 graves_ and we have completed up to date the type- sheets of all the pottery yet found, of which we have some 550 forms; already certain chronological results are evident, and I believe that in time it will prove possible to arrange all the graves in a proper time sequence. The work has of course now been postponed until next summer.I hope that very shortly I shall have something really good to report; things look to me extremely promising.With best wishes,Yours sincerely,[singed] C. Leonard Woolley:
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2.primarily tombs. In Bur-Sin's courtyard a small shaft leads under a wall and through a corbelled doorway into a long vaulted chamber, still standing almost intact, which can only have been the king's grave. It had been plundered by the Elamites who swept down from the Persian hills and brought the Third Dynasty of Ur to a disastrous end, and we could collect from the infilterredd dust no more than the scattered bones: of one who was presumably no less than the king of Ur, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four quarters of the earth a smaller tomb under the pavement of the courtyard, probably that of a prince of the royal house, had been as thoroughly as cleaned out, and a few tiny bits of gold strewn about the court shewed how the robbers had divided the spoil. It is too much to hope that the royal graves should have escaped the notice of the enemies to whom Ur so often fell prey, yet though until the last tomb has been opened hope persists; but even if not a single object should be found we are amply rewarded. The actual tomb of Bur-Sin is one of the finest monuments we haveat Ur, but it is almost insignificant compared with what we have, even at this stage, in Dungi's building. At the back of this two flights of stairs lead up to what was a high paved room; beneath its floor there lies a huge brick-lined pit more than twenty feet deep which had been filed in with clean packed soil. In a recess on one side of it is a bricked-up door through which steps led down to a square brick platform at the pit's bottom; from this broad stairs run down to left and right and passing beyond the limits of the pit enter long vaulted rooms or passages. The corbelled roofs of the passages are in a dangerous state and must be shored up before we can enter them, - at present they are supported by the earth filling which we dare not:
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2.ramp's foot; they had silver rings in their muzzles, silver collars round their necks; the reins, made of huge beads of silver and lapis lazuli, passed through a pole ring surmounted by a silver mascot in the form of a bull: the grooms lay dead by the heads of the oxen, the drivers across the seats of the waggons.The rest of the grave area was literally a shambles. In the narrow space were strewn fifty bodies of those sacrificed to the spirit of their dead master. Along one side were men, their daggers on their hips in a neatly ordered row; against the foot of the tomb lay the chief ladies of the harem, eleven of them wearing what must have been full court regalia, an elaborate head-dress of gold ribbon, wreaths of gold mulberry leaves hung from strings of lapis and carnelian beads, silver pins with lapis heads, great gold ear-rings, and above the hair a silver palm with long points ending in inlaid rosettes of gold, shell and lapis; they had with them their cockleshells containing face paint and their little alabaster unguent-vases, but none of the ordinary offerings made to the dead, because they were themselves such offerings. [handwritten note (Here insert paragraph on separate page)]The tomb itself had been looted, but the robbers had overlooked or despised a few things which to us were precious enough. Chief of these was a two-feet silver model of a rowing-boat. The little craft is very delicately shaped, with high stern and prow, just such a boat as may be seen on the Euphrates marshes today; there are six benches for the rowers, each with its pair of leaf-bladed oars laid across the gunwale, and amidships is the arched support for the awning that protected the owner from the Mesopotamian sun: though it was deeply embedded in the fallen stones of the wall the model is perfect and only the awning-support is crushed.But the main interest here centred in the tomb itself. In the stone wall there was a doorway, bricked up when the body had been laid inside, which was crowned by a true arch of baked bricks; the tomb chamber was vaulted with arches of which a few rings,were yet standing, and the end, brought round to apsidal form, was reefed with a half:
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2.Sacred Area of Ur brought to light a building of quite remarkable interest, for it proved that as early as 2100 B.C. a royal hall could be roofed with arches and vaults. It is not too much to say that the history of architecture in the Near East -that is, the early history of architecture as a whole - has to be re-written in view of what Ur has taught us in the last three years, but this discovery, carrying back to so remote a date the most advanced features of building, is more revolutionary than any other.None of these sites were productive of much in the way of objects, though the south-west side of the Ziggurat gave us a very fine diorite weight in the form of a duck with an inscription of king Dungi (2500 B.C.) attesting its correctness to standard. Particularly welcome therefore was the chance find of a shell plaque, dating to about 3000 B.C., with an engraving of a priest offering sacrifice, - a fine illustration of the early Sumerian style and perhaps the best piece of Sumerian shell carving yet known. But important as this was it was to be eclipsed by discoveries in an area where buildings were conspicuously absent. There was a wide blank in our general plan at the south-east end of the late Temenos, inside Nebuchadnezzar's wall, and a trench cut here to ascertain whether or no the site was occupied by buildings has brought to light no walls but a whole cemetery of very early date (the tombs come shortly before or shortly after 3000 B.C.) and of surprising richness. As usual pottery vessels are most common, but there is a most unusual wealth of vases in stone, alabaster, limestone, and diorite and stearite or soapstone, many of them of very fine design. Copper occurs in nearly every grave, bowls and vases, cooking-pots, axes, adzes, spears, razors, knives and daggers in great numbers and of many types, and such smaller things as reticules containing manicure sets and pins with ornamental heads, often of lapis lazuli set with silver or gold. Of beads there is a profusion, generally of lapis or carnelian, gold or silver, and with these come:
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2.same builder, who indeed rebuilt the gate from the ground up, using his predecessor's walls as a foundation. But interesting as it was to recover the history of the Justice Hall, the buildings which Nabonidus put up at a higher level, incorporating in the Kuri-Galzu's tower as a central shrine, was were more interesting still.From an inscription preserved in the Museum at Yale we know that the last King of Babylon, following ancient precedent, consecrated his daughter Bel-Shalti-Nannar as High Priestess of the Moon God at Ur and built an E-gig-par or cloister for her dwelling; and incidentally he lays down the most admirable moral precepts for her guidance! Now, in front of the E-dublal-makh in this its latest phase, we find a wide courtyard surrounded by a double wall enclosing a long range of chambers the bricks of whose pavements bear together with the name of Nabonidus the description of the building as \"the House of the Priestess\": the ground-plan of the place answers perfectly to the word \"cloister\" used in the Yale inscription, and there can be no doubt that we have here the actual convent of the Princess. And the contents of the building were also not less important than its character. School materials, writing exercises etc., seemed to shew that the religious houses then as now had their educational side, and the daughter of Nabonidus, himself a well-known antiquary, appears to have kept a museum in her convent, for there were found in the ruins a large number of objects of such different dates that it was hard on any other theory to account for their presence all together in rooms of the latest period. Amongst these were a fine boundary stone carved with the symbols of the gods, an inscription of King Dungi (c.2250 B.C.), a votive mace-head of early date, inscribed stones of the Larsa kings, bronze figurines etc., and, most curious of all, a record on clay of excavations carried out at Ur in the seventh century B.C. with copies of early inscriptions found in the course of the work! These copies were made \"for the admiration of people\", and I can now feel that not only in digging here but also in making public the results of the dig I am following a local precedent set two thousand five hundred years ago.:
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2.section of the graveyard in which we have been digging was not used after the beginning of the Third Dynasty. Forty-five graves were recorded in the first week; they yielded masses of plain pottery - some 200 complete or nearly complete specimens - and a few painted pieces, flint and obsidian implements, stone vases, copper tools and bowls, clay imitations of stone and copper tools, a few beads and some small objects. One vase is peculiarly interesting as bearing an early Sumerian inscription incised in the clay. The bones had for the most part decayed away entirely, but we have secured some half-dozen skulls and one complete skeleton, material which in view of its date ought to prove of the greatest importance for the solution of the Sumerian race question. The amount of material afforded by the tombs was so embarassing that in the second week I moved the men on to the small building whose excavation was begun by Dr. Hall, intending to resume operations on the graves when the catalogue of objects had been brought up to date. Events have quite stultified my intentions, for the building has proved no less productive than the cemetery.We started work at the angle where Dr. Hall found the copper lions and the Imgig relief; this was cleared (see photograph) and then the gangs were set along the face of a supposed projection from the SE front of the building as shown in Dr. Hall's plan; it is in this section that our discoveries have been made.There are three buildings on the site. The first in date was the small building of Dr. Hall's plan, a rectangle with a projecting platform containing a staircase on its XX SW side, and another projection approached by a massive stone staircase on its XX SE; it consisted of a platform with a containing wall of baked plano-convex bricks, above which rose a building of plano-convex mud bricks; the projections were in mud brick. the building was a temple of the goddess Ninkhursag, erected by the (hitherto unknown) king A-an-ni-pad-da, son of King Mes-an-ni-pad-da of the First Dynasty of Ur, the third dynasty, according to Babylonian tradition, after the Flood. The marble foundation-tablet, from which we derive our information, is the oldest dated document ever yet found; it proves the historic existence of a dynasty hitherto commonly regarded as mythical, & it gives a date, if not an authorship, for the remarkable series of art objects discovered by Dr. Hall and by ourselves.The temple was decorated with a series of copper reliefs, 20 centimeters high, of reclining bulls; of these we have found up to date five more or less complete examples and two heads. I enclose specimen photographs, but it will be realised that these cannot do justice to these very remarkable works of early art; it is difficult enough to remove such delicate things from the mud brick in which they are embedded and to take the necessary measures for thir preservation; to prepare them for exhibition is beyond our means and the limits of our time. The photographs shew in the rough what can be made very much finer objects. Another form of decoration was by inlay in white limestone and other materials; the more complete examples of this that we have as yet shew bulls and birds, which were:
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2.side the body. Another grave, that of a woman, contained a head-dressof the normal type but distinguished by several new elements in theshape of gold filigree pendants, long leaves etc. It is quite clearthat we have reached the outskirts of the cemetery in this direction, and although there are still outlying graves they would not in my o-pinion repay excavation; those we have found this year, though far frombeing poor, have added comparatively little to the riches of formerseasons. The vertical zone occupied by the bulk of the graves is clearlydefined by the coloured rubbish-strata which run unbroken above andbelow it and my original idea was to expose the lower stratum over thewhole area in order to be satisfied what the graves were exhausted.In one corner however this stratum failed is and led to work at deeperlevels; here, at a depth of some twelve metres, we have found a dewgraves, one of them lying actually under the stratum in question, whichare shewn by new forms of clay and stone vases to belong to an earlierperiod than the rest of the cemetery; their position in the time sequencewhich I am now trying to establish is given by the tablets and seal im-pressions occurring freely in the stratum.Of these tablets and seal-impressions great numbers have been foundand I enclose a special note on them by Father Burrows. They occur inwell-marked strata which we have numbered from 1 to 8 and both on ex-ternal and on internal evidence form a chronological series. In orderto collect as much of this material as possible we have carried the workdown in several points below the level at which graves are encounteredand are searching the rubbish-mounds underlying the cemetery; in one:
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2.slaughter of beasts and of grooms had been a later act in the burial tragedy.It was probable that the waggon stood immediately in front of the entrance to the shaft, so digging was continued behind it and the sloping earth side was traced back for some distance; but to our surprise this proved to be the side not of a narrow passage ramp but of a pit some twenty-five feet square, a \"death-pit\" larger than any we have yet encountered, and the whole of this is covered with the bodies of human victims laid out in ordered rows. For more than a week we have been at work clearing the last nine inches or a foot that covered the floor of the shaft and a third of the space still remains to be examined, but already we have listed forty-five bodies of which thirty-nine are women and six are doubtful. And the riches of them are astonishing. In the King's grave last year we found nine court ladies wearing head-dresses of gold and semi-precious stones; here there are already thirty-four such, and for the most part far more splendid - the best only less remarkable than the head-dress of Queen Shub-ad herself, gold hair-ribbons, wreaths of ^gold leaves and flowers, inlaid pendants, great lunate ear-rings, silver \"combs\" with flowers of coloured inlay, pins of silver or gold, necklaces of gold and lapis row upon row, a wonderful regalia. Nor are these all the contents of the pit. In one corner there lay folded up on the top of the bodies a sort of canopy whose ridge-pole was decorated with bands of gold and coloured mosaic over silver and the uprights were of silver with ^copper heads in the form of spear-points hafted with gold while shell rings held up the hangings. In another corner were harps. Of one the sounding-box was decorated with broad bands of mosaic, the upright beams:
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2.stands the bitumen-lined brick tank for the water. Against the other walls there are two cooking-ranges, one with an open trough-fireplace for burning wood, [?]p- a cup-fire for charcoal and a furnace whereon probably the great cauldron stood, the other an elaborate covered stove with two fireplaces, circular flues and top vents for the cooking-pots and a flight of steps so that one might mount on the top of the stove to lift or shift them: on the floor we found the quern and grinder-stone and the clay vessels left lying when the last meal had been cooked.Another curious feature of the temple is a small chamber lying in the centre of a maze of corridors symmetrical in plan; it had two doors at the south-east end of its longer sides and at the other stelae of dark gypsum lying side by side at its foot, embedded in the bitumen which here covered its brick floor; each stone was inscribed with the name of Bur-Sin and his dedication of the temple, and one can only suppose that this chamber was the shrine in which was celebrated the cult of the buildingâs deified founder. Certainly it is unique in Mesopotamian discoveries.In the sanctuary and in the rooms about it, and in the courtyard, numerous discoveries were made. The temple had been sacked and burned, probably as a result of a rebellion in the twelfth year of Samsu-iluna king of Babylon against the suzerainty of that city which had recently been established by the great Hammurabi, and its treasures had been looted by the troops; but some of the objects which for them had small value they had been content to smash, and we found on the brick floors fragments which combined to make up vases and other things of alabaster or diorite dedicated by kings and pious worshippers in the shrine of the Moon goddess. The most important of these was also the only one which was intact, a diorite statue of the goddess Bau, patroness of the poultry-yard, a squat and solid figure in an elaborately flounced dress seated on a throne supported by geese: it is the first [?statue?] which we have found complete (only the nose is missing) and the first:
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2.suggest that it might account for the wide extent of the covered by the ruins of Sumerian cities; considering that the houses were so closely set this area would imply a population incredibly numerous, but it may be that whole quarters might become uninhabitable owing to the presence of the graves and that the householders would shift for a time at least to cleaner ground leaving the old site vacant for time to purify it.These graves, like the houses, were those of poor folk, but the produced tomb furniture in the shape of clay pots, beads, seals and metal objects which were of great value as filling up a gap in our chronological series of types. Below them lay the ruins of older buildings and as we followed these up the hill-side we came upon something very different from the cottages of the top level. It is too early as yet to say exactly what these buildings are. Dating from the period of the Larsa kings, about 2000 B.C., they are large, solidly constructed in burnt brick, and at present chiefly remarkable for their preservation, - the walls are standing fifteen feet high and their height increases the further we dig back into the mound. Our work was confined to two courts and two or three chambers opening on to them, and even these were not fully excavated , but two objects turned up as omens of good luck for the future, a little head of a priest carved in pinkish sandstone, rough work but of interest in that it was evidently a portrait realistically done from life, and a small stone bowl decorated with a design of scorpions carved in relief round the outer face, this dating probably from about 2600 B.C., some three or four centuries older than the head. Then on the very last morning of the season we found against the wall of a room a collection of nearly sixty clay tablets which had obviously been stored in a jar whose fragments lay with them: they were fairly large and unusually well preserved and bear religious texts and hymns in honour of the Moon God written out in the time of Rim-Sin king of Larsa twenty one centuries before Christ. These are the most important tablets which our excavations have yet brought to light and their discovery was a fitting finale to a successful season.C. Leonard Woolley.:
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2.SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR 1925 -1926.DEBIT.A. Balance from year 1924 - 1925, as shewn andapproved, £1005. 19. 7., less £250 re- £ s. d.maining in the hands of the British Museum, 755. 19. 7B. Remittances to the Eastern Bank by the BritishMuseum as shewn by pass-book, these includ-ing £250 due to last year's balance, 1659. 0. 11.C. Remittances to the Eastern Bank by the Univer-sity Museum as shewn by pass-book, 1869. 0. 0.D. Moneys handed to Dr. Legrain by the UniversityMuseum, 484. 11. 7.E. Direct payments by the two Museums, as shewn,other than the above, 17. 8. Total of payments by the two Museums 4769. 9. 9.F. Interest on deposit at Eastern Bank, 2. 4. 0.G. By sale of reports in Iraq, 36. 6. 0. Total funds available to date 4807. 19. 9. Balance due 363. 18. 8. TOTAL £5171. 18. 5.£125 of this was remitted by U.M. to Brit. Mus. April 13, 1926:
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2.that the temple was a complex one containing at least two principal shrines; the two gods therefore shared the temple building between them.At the close of last season we had found, on the edge of the north harbour, a temple of Nebuchadnezzar so well preserved that the neighbouring areas called for excavation, since here too we were likely to find discover buildings standing to a considerable height. A few men were employed here on trial work and at once encountered mud brick walls of great thickness whose foundations went down for twelve feet and more into the sand; as the building extended more men were the number of the diggers were was increased and serious excavation began. We have now unearthed the largest building yet [xxxx] dug at Ur, a building about one hundred yards square opening on to a walled court eighty yards long. Inside a defensive wall pierced by a monumental gateway lies a massively-constructed complex of courts and chambers which, at first sight a mere maze, gradually resolves itself into an orderly system built of units differing in size but similar in character, units which are clearly residential, with open courts surrounded by series of chambers, but of which one stands out from the rest by the spaciousness of its plan and the solidity of its walls. At Ur we have no buildings resembling this, but a fairly close analogy to it is given by the huge Palace of Nebuchadnezzar at Babylon, and in certain details of construction the resemblance is surprisingly close. Brick-stamps on the burnt bricks of the pavements ident ify identify the building as the \"cloister\" of Nabonidus, the last of the Babylonian kings (550 B.C.) Precisely the same inscription was found inside the Sacred Area where:
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2.The excavation of the temple of Nin-Gal is not yet complete, and here too we are for the time being contenting ourselves with the clearing of the upper levels, where, in a sadly ruined state, there is a large building of conventional late Babylonian type put up by an Assyrian governor in 650 B.C. and added to or restored by Nebuchadnezzar fifty years later and by his grandson Nabonidus. Af A few deeper cuts have shown that below this lies another temple of very much earlier date, and from them chance has already brought to light a number of very important an inscriptions from which can be gathered much of the history of a building which we have not yet seen. We have stone door-sockets, inscribed cones and foundation-tablets in stone and copper which, when the walls are laid bare, will enable i us to trace the work of each successive builder; and their discovery gives ground for the hope that the excavation of these lower levels will produce a rich harvest of museum objects. Owing to lack of funds I had expected to close down the work at the end of January, but generous friends of the British Museum have contributed sums which, met by a similar amount from Philadelphia, permit of another month's digging; and I can only trust that the lower strata of the Nin-Gal shrine may fully recompense the gift.:
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2.The former site did not detain us long; it was proved that there had been here a large building of the Larsa period, but it was so completely denuded that even the limits of its ground-plan cul could not be determined and of the interior virtually nothing remained: the interest was therefor wholly topographical. The trench shewed that the greater part of the area between E-Harsag and the SE was of Nebuchadnezzar's Temenos had never been occupied by buildings, - most of it was an open mud-floored space, - this strengthening the theory I had previously formed that the older Temenos d d not include this area but stopped short at the retaining-wall of the E-Harsag terrace: but towards its NW end the trench produced groups of pottery and tombs resembling those found in the neighbouring trench dug in the first weeks of our first season here. Further to test the ground I started a second trench roughly at right angles to the first and extending to the corner of the south-east gate of the late Temenos, and almost at once hit upon more graves of so interesting a character that the excavation of the whole area was obviously necessary; but at this moment we ran short of the note-sheets etc. without which tomb-digging could not be attempted, and pending the arrival of the already long overdue supplies ordered in London I was obliged to shift the gang to a spot where less note-taking would be required. Two sites were accordingly attacked.In the north corner of the Temenos there was a wide space of unexplored ground between the Great Courtyard and the line of the NE temenos wall - the line which in 1922-3 we had failed to trace and had therefore only dotted conjecturally on the plan. Now work here has brought to light a deep and wide recess in the late Temenos wall containing a new gateway, the biggest in the wall's whole circuit: it lines up directly with the entrance of the Great Courtyard and gives a new significance to that building which I feel sure was in Nebuchadnezzar's time the courtyard of the main temple of Nannar. This discovery completes the plan of the late Temenos enclosure and was eminently worth while.In the mean time a report from a dismissed workman of the finding at Diqdiqqeh:
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2.The greater part of the month has been devoted to the excavation of the building mentioned in my last report as lying below the ziggurat and to that of the ziggurat itself. As regards the former building, my first suggestion, that it was a temple of the deified Gimil-Sin, is almost certainly incorrect, as the inscribed door-socket on which this suggestio was based was undoubtedly re-used and did not originally belong to the construction in connection with which it was found. The real name and use of the building have yet to be discovered.What we have found up to the present is a great courtyard surrounded by chambers, the whole lying in the north corner of a platform raised above the ground-level to the NE and NW and contained by a massive wall of burnt and mud brick strengthened by heavy buttresses. If we are to judge by the chambers along the NW side, which alone have been cleared, and are peculiarly long and narrow in proportion to their walls, it might be more correct to say that the courtyard is surrounded by a terrace wall some ten metres thick containing intramural chambers. The courtyard is about 75 metres long and fifty metres wide and is paved throughout with brick; at each end there are three doors giving access to five rooms, on the NE side five doors, and on the NW three. Three sides of the court are decorated with buttresses symmetrically arranged, but the fourth side, that to the SW, lying in front of the ziggurat, is more remarkably ornate; the whole wall-face is composed of attached half-columns each relieved by a double or T-shaped recess running down its centre, these being built of specially shaped crude bricks mud-plastered and whitewashed; parallel to the wall and at a distance of about four metres from it runs a low sleeper wall in the brickwork of which can be seen the circular sockets for free columns of whose shafts, almost certainly of wood, have disappeared. On this side then the court was bounded by a colonade presumably supporting a roof which ran back to the columned wall behind. It is no exaggeration to say that this discovery revolutionises our ideas of Babylonian architecture. At the conclusion of many years' work at Babylon the German excavators felt justified in saying that the column was unknown in Babylonia before the Persian period, and however improbable the theory may sound a priori it is at least supported by the negative results of their excavations; yet here we have such a columned portico as might have graced a Greek agora or a Roman forum.The building in its present form was erected by Kuri-Galzu in the 16th century B.C.; below it are earlier remains wherein occur stamped bricks of Bur-Sin, of the Third Dynasty, and in one place were found, perhaps in situ, two large inscribed cones of Arad-Sin of the dynasty of Larsa. Extensive repairs to Kuri-Galzu's building were carried out by Sinbalatsu-ikbi, Assyrian governor of Ur under Ashur-bani-pal, following the lines of the original ground-plan but at a higher level; one of his foundation-cones was found in position in a doorway. Later still Nebuchadrezzar repaved the whole area at a much higher level and dug a wall in the north corner; practically the whole of his work has disappeared with the denudation of the site, but judging from the fact that the original doorways continue in use, he too would seem to have retained more or less the old plan.The name and purpose of the building have not been ascertained. The inscriptions of Arad-Sin and Sinbalatsu-ikbi give only the names E-Temen-ni-gur, those of Kuri-Galzu only E-Gis-Sir-Gal, i.e., the names applied to the sacred temenos of Ur as a whole. There is some reason to think that the name of the whole temenos could also be used for any one of the buildings within it; but it may prove that here we have to deal with a corner of an older temenos with its original containing wall, which at a later date was included within the enlarged temenos area the containing wall of which was traced by us last season. It is very probable that the courtyard was connected:
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2.The main task of the month has been the tracing of the line of the city wall, which is now complete. Owing partly to its height, to its exposed position and to the nature of its structure, the wall is a complete ruin; not a vestige of the burnt-brick wall proper has been discovered and in few places does more survive than the weathered stump of the huge mud-brick rampart along which the wall originally ran. The buildings found on the top of or along the back of the rampart belong to the Third Dynasty of Ur and was repaired or built over at various periods down to the Neo-Babylonian. The rampart served as a retaining-wall for the terrace on which the town was built, but for much of its length it was also the embankment of a canal. The surprising fact proved by our excavations is that Ur was almost entirely surrounded by water; a broad stream, probably the Euphrates, ran past it on the SW, a wide canal divided the main part of the town from a big suburb on the NE, and small channels seem to have joined these main water-ways a little above the city: to the north of the great courtyard of the Nannar temple lay a large harbour enclosed by moles and walls, and from this a canal ran right through the town to join the stream outside the SW walls: on he SW side a smaller rectangular harbour cut back into the town area behind the main line of its fortifications. This discovery gives us quite a new idea of the topography of Ur at the turn of the third millenium.The complete excavation of the town wall and of the canals would have involved years of work and enormous expense: I have contented myself with following the weather-worn edge of the front face of the wall in stretches where this was easy and in other places by making cuts across its width at frequent intervals; the canals have been fol-:
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2.The next inconsistency you point out is in the balance carried over from the season 1924-1925; in my statement for that year I put the balance at £855. 19. 7.; in this year's accounts I put it at £755. 19. 7. or, more fully, £1005. 19. 7 less £250 remaining in the hands of the British Museum.Let me here remark that my own difficulties with my accounts are mainly on the debit side. At the start of a season I receive authorization to incur expenses up to a certain fixed sum; I have no official cognizance as to the sources from which that sum is forthcoming nor as to when or in what form contributions towards that sum are paid in to the Joint Fund. Of course in one way this does not matter at all: except in so far as I am warned beforehand that the total expenditure approved includes certain sums which will not be remitted to me in cash, e. g., Dr. Legrain's salary last year, my financial responsibility begins and ends with my Bank book; I have to account for the moneys shewn by my pass-book to have been debited to me, and the entries in my pass-book constitute the only information I am given as to my liabilities. It is therefore most necessary that at the close of the year I should get my accounts checked by someone better informed, and it is not surprising if this checking sometimes leads to alterations on the debit side.This was the case with my balance from the season 1924-1925. My original figures were altered by the Accountant of the British Museum to £755. 19. 7 plus a sum of £250 about which, as it had never been passed through my bank account, I could not possibly know anything. In my accounts for 1925-1926 I start with this emended figure, which I describe as \"shewn and approved\": thereby I relied on the correspondence between the Museum Directors, Sir Frederic Kenyon's letter of Feb. 5. 1926 and Dr. Gordon's reply of April 14 in which he agreed to the British Museum's figures.Kenyon's letter of 2/5/26 gives the balance of £855-19-6As regards the money paid out to Dr. Legrain for his salary and travelling expenses there is obviously a mistake. I was never informed by the University Museum what:
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2.the northern gate on the NE. side, the hinge-stone of BUR-SIN, probably itself an original feature of the gateway, was found in a hinge-box built by CYRUS and in-corporating bricks of NABONIDUS. The southern gate in the same side contains ahinge-box of CYRUS the Great; the hinge-stone of the Ziggurat gate bears an in-scription of NABONIDUS; in the south gate the recessed wall leaves the line of the earlier straight-faced masonry and runs over larnax graves of the New Bab-ylonian period. In the BUR-SIN gate the difference between the two periods of the recessed wall is clearly shewn by the brickwork, one course running quite on an-other line to that of the older work and omitting one of the returns in the angleof the entry. The long history of the Wall is therefore illustrated by its remains.The Ziggurat gate, which is a reconstruction due wholly or in part to NABON-IDUS, was cleared, as it presented certain unusual features. The brick-paved gate-chamber, buried deeply beneath the talus of debris from the Ziggurat, had been de-stroyed by fire, and on its floor were the remains of the burnt roofing timbers much of the matting- and mud roof itself, also numerous pottery fragments whichwere useful corroborating evidence for the pottery of the Persian period.Against the inner door there lay in this burnt stratum the fine diorite statue shewn onPl. 2,3. The figure, which stands 0.75m. high, represents ENANNATUM, king ofLagash (c. 2900 B.C.). The head was broken off in antiquity and the neck smootheddown; round the right upper arm and across the back runs a long inscription fort-unately well preserved; one hand, which has flaked away, was found separately;the figure is otherwise intact. The presence of this king's statue in the sanct-uary of UR is difficult to explain, nor does the inscription seem to throw anylight upon the point, as he does not claim to have ruled the city; it may possib-have been a trophy of war. Certainly it stood at some height, either upon orin close relation to the Ziggurat, and is not likely to have been alone; I shouldquite expect to find in the immediate neighbourhood, against the inner face of theTemenos wall, two or three further examples of statuary, but unluckily my lack offunds has prevented my carrying on the search.In the talus covering the gate was found a number of blue-glazed bricks,one of which bears the stamp of NABONIDUS, thus confirming Dr. Hall's conjecturethat this king was responsible for the glazed facing of the Ziggurat.During the progress of work on the wall, a number of graves were found bothagainst the wall face itself and on the mounds lying to the north and west of theTemenos. These have produced much pottery of the New Babylonian and Persian per-iods, a quantity of glazed vessels, bronze armlets, beads and other small objects.The installation of the light railway made possible the resumption of workon E-NUN-MAH. The west corner of this building was cleared and its original bound-ary along the SW satisfactorily fixed; unfortunately the NW limit remains unknownand is likely to remain so; by laying down a deep drain and, probably also, by ex-tending the courtyard area, NEBUCHADREZZAR destroyed most of the older work, andthe subsequent denudation of the ground level has completed the destruction. On the NW therefore our plan has to be left incomplete. It is clear that originallyan open court ran along the SW side of the building between it and another temple;KURI-GALZU separated this by a doorway from the courtyard along the SE front (hisgatestone was found in situ, and NEBUCHADREZZAR filled the whole in and built ona new terrace level above it. An inscribed door-hinge stone of GIMIL-SIN found ina late doorway by the SW wall mentions a shrine called MU-RI-A-NA, which is prob-ably the building that bordered E-NUN-MAH on the SW; the outer buttressed wall ofthis was found, and loose bricks of ISHME-DAGAN lying beside it may give the au-thorship of the construction.:
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2.the outset by having to allow for this sum out of my new season's grant. I am proposing to put the figure for next season at the same as that for last, i.e., at a total of £5000, which experience shews to be as near the mark as may be. I shall of course not have to pay the extra travelling costs from America to England and back which are involved by Legrain's presence on the staff, but on the other hand I shall have to make some payment to Mallowan who in his first season received no salary but ought to begin to draw one from now on. I shall let you have details of that later, but give you the total now for your information and general approval.For the rest, I hope that the accounts will meet with your satisfaction.Yours sincerely,[signed] C. Leonard Woolley:
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2.The second big discovery was of a chariot. Here too the wood had all perished, leaving only hollows in the soil, or, at most, a black film thinner than a coat of whitewash and obliterated by a touch, but the decoration again enabled us to recover the original design. And the decoration was marvelously rich. All the woodwork had been outlined with narrow banks of inlay in blue and white or red and white against a black background. A rail ran round the top, decorated in this fashion with blue and white, supported by small uprights whose intersections were marked by blue and white circles; attached to the rail and facing outwards were little heads of lions and bulls in the round, all of gold, six on either side of the chariot. From each side of the body of the car projected three larger lions' heads, also of gold, the eyes inlaid with lapis lazuli and the manes, waved across the chests, represented in lapis and shell. Two large panthers' heads of silver stood out from the front uprights, and in front of these a rail ran for the width of the body decorated with smaller silver heads and with inlay. In front of the chariot lay the bodies of the two asses which had drawn it, their copper collars ornamented with an eye design, and on the pole between them was the rein-ring of silver surmounted by a \"mascot\" of electrum in the form of a donkey which for realistic modelling must rank as one of the master-pieces of ancient art. We had never hoped to recover from the salt-laden soil of Iraq the design of things as perishable as these; now for the first time we can realize the extraordinary richness of the furniture which a Sumerian king might possess in the middle of the fourth millennium before Christ.Behind the chariot lay a gaming-board, not so richly decorated as that found last season but made more interesting by the fact that beneath it were placed in neat piles the two sets of playing-pieces and the dice; one set of \"men\" is composed of simple black squares inlaid with five dots each, the other is of shell squares engraved with animal scenes; one set of dice is of shell with lapis dots, the other of lapis with gold dots.A large chest, originally perhaps a clothes-chest, of wood bearing a long panel of:
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2.the stem of a marble base bearing a long dedication by Ur-Engur; but the buildings fully compensate for the lack of smaller finds. I enclose photographs of the general plan of the superstructure and sections of the two annexes built by Bur-Sin; the sections through the huge tomb-structures built by Dungi are not yet ready, as the tombs are nor yet fully excavated; but there will suffice to shew the remarkable character of the buildings. Two points should be singled out. The first is that the tombs were built before the superstructures and are really independent of them - in this differing from the \"family vaults\" under the private houses of the Third Dynasty and Larsa periods, which were built after the houses and re-opened for secondary use by digging through the room floor. Here the superstructure is subsidiary to the tomb. The second point is that the superstructure, though undoubtedly a temple for the worship of the deified king, is modelled not on the conventional temple but on the private house; I take it that this implies the continued occupation of the building by a deity who was primarily human; - it is essentially a \"house of the dead\". Certain structural features seem to shew that after the tomb was occupied and before the \"house\" was erected above it there was an intermediate phase in which a temporary building was used for ceremonies connected with the funeral. While the authorship of the buildings is proved by innumerable brick inscriptions, nothing shews definitively for whom each tomb was intended; the principal tombs must be royal, those either of Ur-Engur an and Dungi or of Dungi and Bur-Sin; possibly one of the annexes built by Bur-Sin was for his father and the other for himself, and Dungi's great building was for Ur-Engur; but for this there is no real evidence.:
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2.The trial trenches have been started, both of which are giving valuable results. Judging from the digging already done, from the lie of the ground and from the inscribed bricks found at various points, it seems clear that the ziggurat is situated in a corner of a very large walled temenos, the whole of which is probably identified with E-GIS-SIR-GAL [superscripts \"v\" about each S]. Within this temenos there were several temples, one of which was dedicated to the goddess NIN-GAL, The building, restored by Nabonidus, was originally dedicated to SIN himself, and inscriptions show that it already needed repair in the time of the Third Dynasty kings UR-ENGUR and DUNGI; other kings, BUR-SIN I, KUDU-MABUG and NEBUCHADREZZAR II are also represented in the bricks found within the temenos. Our second trench is bringing to light a large and well-preserved building with walls and paved floors of baked bricks; as this is the only part of the site on which stamps of KUDU-MABUG have as yet been found, the building in question my well be of his founding.Our other trench, dug south of the wall Lying south of Dr. Hall's building B.,has produced heavy walls both of baked and of unbaked brick going down to a depth of more than four metres below the present surface; to clear this site, which is undoubtedly of great antiquity and interest, is beyond our immediate means and must await the arrival of a light railway. The building of which indications only have been found was obviously a temple, and though ruined at a very early period and apparently never restored, it seems to have preserved something of its sanctity, for its site was used as a cemetery at a much later date. Close to the modern surface we have found brick tombs, supposedly of the Parthian perod, and burials in clay bath-tubs; the latter have as a rule been assumed to be of late, probably Saseanian, period; on the analogy of Carchemish I was already disposed to put them back to the time of Sargon, and the discovery of an untouched grave has confirmed this guess. The grave contained a necklace of gold, carnelian and lapis beads, two engraved lapis cylinder seals, a gold ring, a gold mouth-stopper, sliver bracelets, bronze cups, axe and spear. This forms an unuaually good group. Another part of the trench has produced,scattered loose in the soil, a remarkable set of beads in carnelian, lapis and gold, of the same date as the grave. The gold beads and pendants,which to date number 73, include leaf-shaped pendants, a seated ram, a floriate open-work disc, a lapis fly set in gold etc. Another group, probably a votive deposite, includes two alabaster bowls, a bronze axe-head, and a shell ladle. Amongst other small objects are a large and interesting but fragmentary cone of the Ist Dynasty which should give useful information regarding the buildings and lands dedicated to the gods, and a small cone brought in from a tell some miles away which contains an account of the making of a canal by UR-ENGUR of the Third Dynasty. A great deal of pottery has been found, including many complete examples.Trusting that you will be satisfied with the progress made as yet,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient servant[signature] C. Leonard WoolleyDirector of the Expedition:
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2.This temple has also been cleared in the course of the last month down to the Kuri-galzu level and has yielded interesting plans of its several periods and not a few fine objects, of which the best was a small head in black diorite, the portrait of some priest of about 2200 B.C. Inscriptions found here prove that the foundation of the temple dates back to a time far earlier than that of Kuri-galzu, but the excavation of these lower ruins has been reserved to another season.At the end of three years' work we have covered between a third and a half of the area of the walled enclosure which was the Temenos or Sacred Place of Ur, and our plans, at least for the various periods between the sixteenth century B.C. and the sixth, when Nebuchadnezzar put up his new Temenos wall round the ancient sanctuaries and his grandson Nabonidus restored them for the last time, are fairly complete, so that we see the buildings not as isolated units but as parts of a connected whole which was the Moon god's temple; and though the older buildings have suffered more from time and restoration and their excavation, necessarily a longer and a costlier task, is not yet so far advanced, we can already form a tolerably coherent and truthful picture of this northern end of the Temenos at a much earlier date, when Ur-Engur's Ziggurat was new or when later Abraham walked along the brick-paved streets of Ur.Leonard Woolley:
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2.to have been a composite building with two or more main shrines. The next level gave us a temple put up by Kuri-Galzu to Nin-Ezen; this is lamentably incomplete and it was difficult to associate the fragments of walls that survive and to base a plan on them: the dedication, which is given by a stamped brick built into the shrine gateway, it is interesting because in a building occupying the same site as the older temple and described as a restoration and not a new foundation the patron deity is changed; the explanation would seem to be that the temple, if our restoration is correct, and in this respect, it most certainly is, was a double one, and may have sheltered both cults, a theory which is [xx] strongly supported by the discovery of a fragment of a stone stela bearing an inscription to Nin-Ezen by Naram-Sin of Akkad, shewing that the worship of Nin-Ezen on this site goes back to a high antiquity and may have been associated with that of Nin-gishzida throughout. The fourth level produced a large temple, better preserved but nameless, the work of some later Kassite ruler such as Adad-aplu-idinnam: above this came the Nebuchadnezzar temple excavated last year, and scanty house remains and graves taking us down to the Persian period. The historical record is therefore unusually continuous.The site by the Harbour Temple proved a complete surprise. We came at once on heavy walls of mud brick which were standing to a height of about four metres; as the area over which they extended was very great the task of excavation would have been serious, but further investigation shewed that the rooms had been filled in virtually to that height with earth and the brick pavements laid over it (the raising being perhaps due to the fact that the site is comparatively low-lying and may have been:
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2.To this remote antiquity belong the remarkable series of objects of art which adorned its walls and have fortunately survived to the present day, embedded in the debris of the fallen temple and hermetically sealed up below five or six feet of the hardest mud brick [?] I have ever encountered. Chief amongst them are a number of copper reliefs of cattle; the animals are represented as lying down but almost in the act to rise; they [?] are eleven inches high and twenty-two inches in length, the bodies beaten [up] out of thin copper plates, the heads cast and attached to the necks; the bodies are in low relief, but the heads, turned to the front, stand out boldly in the round; both technically and artistically the reliefs shew a degree of excellence which would do credit to any age and is quite amazing when one considers their actual date. Though the metal is completely oxydised and cracked into hundreds of pieces, it has been possibletto remove the figures for the most part in good condition, and though they will be greatly improved by proper cleaning methods such as are [?po?] feasible only in a laboratory at home, yet even now they excite the admiration of everyone who sees them.These reliefs formed a frieze in the facade of the temple. Another frieze, on a rather smaller scale, was composed of figures of men and oxen carved in fine white stone and silhouetted against a background of [?bal?] black paste, the whole framed in copper; yet another shewed birds, similarly treated in black and white. One part of the building was decorated with copper statues of bulls in the round, a little over two feet high. One naturally supposed that copper, imported as it had to be from a great distance, was a rarity in days when flints were still the common use; but the wealth of the metal lavished on this little temple is astonishing. A large part of the wall was faced with copper plates or with wooden panelling studded with copper nails; there were columns of palm-logs sheathed in copper, and even the roof-beams were metal-cased. Other columns were of mud covered with bitumen on which was an elaborate inlay in bright colours, the materials being red sandstone, white limestone, a black bitumen composition, mother-of -pearl and lapis lazuli. A more excentric ornament consisted of artificial flowers with clay stalks and calyces and petals inlaid in red and black and white.Work is still going on on this veritable treasure-house of ancient monuments, and further finds are to be expected, while a great deal should be learned about the style of architecture and the distribution of ornament employed under the First Dynasty of Ur; but alreddy in a short space we have recovered more than the most optimistic would have hoped to secure in a season.C. Leonard Woolley.:
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2.Trusting that you will be satisfied with the enclosed statement,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signature] C. Leonard Wooley:
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2.Trusting that you will be satisfied with these accounts and with my explana-tion of the form in which they are presented,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signature] C.Leonard Woolley:
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2.under this again walls of pudding-shaped mud bricks which must go back to the fourth millennium before Christ; there could be no doubt that these too were the enclosing walls of a ziggurat platform, and we can conclude from this that underneath the millions of brick piled up by Ur-Engur's workmen there lie buried the remains of another ziggurat older by many centuries.The third piece of work was to complete the excavation of a building of which part had been dug by Dr. Hall in 1916. This is a very solidly built structure of baked brick and bitumen mortar, the work of Ur-Engur and his son Dungi, but later houses had been set up over its ruins and their deep-cut foundations had wrought havoc with much of the original work, and part of it had wholly disappeared. However, we were able to recover nearly all of a very interesting plan, a temple with two official residences attached to it, and under one ruined corner had the good luck to find undisturbed the foundation -box of burnt brick containing the copper statuette of the king bearing on his head the basket of mud mortar for the laying of the first brick of the building. We can further be satisfied in that we have now gone far towards completing the excavation of the Sacred Area and with very little more work shall be able to draw out the plans of all its buildings through their successive phases of reconstruction and alteration from the closing days of Nabonidus in 550 B.C. to the time, nearly two thousand years earlier, when Ur-Engur laid out his design for an imperial Ur.:
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2.What strikes one most is the degree of wealth and comfort evinced by the graves. The pottery indeed is coarse, but that is precisely because, with better materials to hand, pottery was cheap and little regarded: for other than the most utilitarian purposes vessels were made of fine stone, alabaster or coloured soapstone, of copper of of silver, and the shapes of these show an astonishing variety and an admirable understanding of form. For ornamental purposes silver and gold are very common; the latter is sometimes used in the form of thin leaf laid over copper, but sometimes is solid and heavy; a \"manicure set\" of tweezers and prick in solid gold has a curiously modern look, and so have the heavy gold chains found in several graves; gold beads of various shapes are most numerous, and we have such refinements of jewellery as a necklace of two rows of xx lapis lazuli beads with gold flower-rosettes set at intervals and gold mulberry-lead pendants, fold pendants of filigree or of cloisenne work inlaid with lapis and carnelian, or triangles formed of xxxxxxxxx a number of small gold beads soldered together which alternate with triangles of lapis and carnelian beads; beads of stone and gold two and three inches long made a sort of fob hanging from the belt to which was attached a little whetstone- a very necessary article, one may imagine, when tools and knives were but of copper and would require constant sharpening. Rich people wore diadems of gold tied round the head with twisted gold wire; rings of fold and silver are found on the finders and sometimes copper rings on the toes; in one grave there were several yards of narrow ribbon cut out of thin gold plate, but it did not lie on the body and so one could not tell how it was worn: a belt may be adorned with large square beads of gold and coloured stone, and big round buckles of silver filigree not unlike those of present-day xx Armenia may secure a cloak. Naturally the bulk of the objects from the graves are of this personal sort, articles of use or adornment, but other things also occur, a panther's head carved in white shell with eyes and tongue inlaid in colour, little plaques of shell with:
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2.With the same staff as last year and with about the same number of workmen employed the costs ought to be about the same also, and without going into details I should estimate the normal requirements of the year at 5,000 pounds.One point however I must raise in modification of this estimate. I see no reason why the discoveries of the approaching season should not be as rich as those of the last. Last year came as a surprise; it has been the general rule for the excavators to pay as \"baksheesh\" to their workmen the bullion value of gold objects found; this rule could not have applied to last season owing to the quantities of gold ans was indeed unnecessary owing to the supervision exercised, but in fact I was paying about one fiftieth of the value of the gold and was conscious of the great strain I was putting on the loyalty of the Arab diggers. To strain that loyalty too far would mean the loss of a certain number of objects and a real risk to the personal safety of the members of your Expedition, and while I have no intention of squandering funds in exaggerated rewards I do ask for the right to give such rewards as seem to me essential even if in so doing I exceed the total expenditure for the year which I have estimated above.Your staff should arrive in Baghdad on October 20th and start work as soon as possible after that date. Trusting that this programme may meet with your approvalI have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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2.[25, circled in pencil in the upper right hand corner.]and roofed with a corbelled vault of the same material; I estimated that over 400 cubic feet of stone were used in the building, all imported stone probably from the [?Gebel Sinam?], south of Zebeir, a distance of 110 miles as the crow flies. The central chamber was divided into two parts, the inner of which had probably contained the king's body; in this and in each of the side chambers there was a a [sic] shallow rectangular depression in the cement floor the size of a coffin, and at each corner of it a round hole as if for the supports of a canopy. The walls and roof had been plastered with a smooth coating of lime cement, and the floors were of the same. The roofs, of which in each case the apsidal NE end was well preserved, stood two metres high. It is the finest of the built tombs yet found by us.Unfortunately it had been plundered, and that probably not long after the burial, for the robbers had thought it worth their while to remove objects of every class, whereas had any very long period elapsed the copper and silver vessels would have been so far decayed as not to merit removal. We only found what the thieves had dropped or overlooked. A small gold cup of thin metal a good deal distorted by the fall of the roof was found in the third chamber; in the central chamber were two curious objects, - imitation ostrich-shells, one in silver and one in gold, the former crushed and in bad condition, the latter scarcely dented; both had been encrusted with shell, lapis and red stone set in bitumen, and the decoration, which fallen away, I have been able in the case of the gold shell to replace in its original form. There were several real ostrich-shells similarly incrusted, but these were very badly broken up. The third chamber produced part of a gaming-board made of shell plaques framed in lapis and set in silver; it is only a fragment, but the engraving on the plaques is very good; these have been re-set for the most part in their original order. With them were found some of the \"men\" also engraved. In a corner of the same chamber, against a human skull entirely:
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2.[?first?] season I did underestimate, not knowing anything of local conditions, and had to close down the work unduly early; for the second season I estimated at £4000 on the understanding that the programme was to be the excavation of Tell el Obeid and the clearing of the Ziggurat at Ur, and I did not make any demand for an increase of the grant. It is true that without an increase it would have been impossible to finish clearing all the faces of the ziggurat, but that was due to the unexpected discovery of the courtyard building; to clear at least at least part of this was necessary first because of the lie of the land, secondly because it was found to be an essential element of the Ziggurat scheme (although not structurally part of the ziggurat) and that any account of the ziggurat which did not include the courtyard would have been incomplete and even misleading; it was more important for our purposes than the clearing of the two ends of the building itself. I wrote to to this effect on Feb. 1., and on Feb. 3. wrote to Gordon that \"funds are running sensibly low. I shall not be able to clear the two ends of the ziggurat, as I had originally proposed to do, but this will not interfere with the plan and restorations being completed this year\". When more money was forthcoming, [two letters struck out] without any request from me, I was naturally glad to carry on the work and fulfil my original programme as regards the ziggurat; but the difference between my estimate and the actual expenditure is accounted for by the discovery and excavation of the courtyard building, not by any serious miscalculation on my part as to the cost of the original programme.I make this statement partly to meet the strictures implied by Gordon's letter, partly to justify my estimates for the coming season. These were for £4250, and as I pointed out in my covering letter the overhead charges cannot be greatly reduced, and any economy effected will be at the expense of the wages to workmen. Naturally I must cut my coat to suit my cloth [in original doc, cloth & coat were transposed, but Mr. Woolley indicated the correction], as you say, and if the total grant is for £3000 I must act accordingly. But I am dismayed to see in Gordon's letter that Legrain's salary, amounting to £2397. 10. 0 will be chargeable to the expedition, for this would seem to:
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2.[Encircled number 9 handwritten in the top right corner]bodies then at intervals votive offerings would be laid in with the earth and at a certain stage the filling-in of the shaft would be stopped and a chamber or chambers would be constructed in it to receive the last offerings; then more earth would be poured in and perhaps a superstructure in the form of a funerary chapel would complete the whole. So much for the theory; in fact we have dug down some twenty feet below the layer of pots, finding every now and then a fresh group of offerings or a subsidiary burial, and at the bottom we have found, not indeed the tomb-chamber of the king, which must lie under the mass of soil not yet excavated, but the \"death-pit\" inseparable from it; in this open part of the shaft measuring less than twenty feet by ten, there are crowded, more or less in ordered rows, the bodies of thirty-nine women and one man.PG1054 Another shaft opened more sensationally with a wooden box in which were two daggers with gold blades and gold-studded handles and a cylinder seal inscribed \"Mes-kalam-dug the King\", a relative, one must suppose, of that prince Mes-kalam-dug whose gold helmet was the glory of our last season. Immediately below this came a coffin burial with stone and copper vessels and a mass of clay vessels extending over the whole brick building which was now found to occupy the pit then more layers of votive pots and more subsidiary burials, all separated by floors of beaten clay or by strata of clean earth. There followed a long blank which made us fear that we might lost the clue, but the shaft continued; in opposite corners of it there appeared heaps of wood ash and, lower down, clay cooking-pots and animal bones, the relics of a funeral feast or sacrifice made in the pit itself: the reason for the fires being precisely at the level at which they were soon became obvious, for half-way between them were found lumps of limestone set in clay mortar which spread outwards and downwards until from a border of carefully smoothed clay there rose intact the stone roof:
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2.[END OF SENTENCE FROM PREVIOUS PAGE OBSCURED DURING SCAN].Though the tomb had been robbed there remained notwithstanding plenty for us to glean. A very beautiful set of shell plaques engraved with scenes of animals and framed in lapis lazuli came from a a broken gaming board; there were many beads, two or three inlaid shell handles of staffs, and a small gold cup. In the king's chamber there lay on the floor two peculiar objects, imitations of ostrich-shells, one of silver new crushed and broken, and one of gold in perfect condition decorated at the base and round the cut rim with incrustations in shell, lapis and red stone, a queerly barbaric piece of work. In the further chamber was a most remarkable thing, a plaque originally of wood, twenty-three inches long and seven and a half wide, covered on both sides with a mosaic in shell, red stone and lapis: the wood had decayed and in order to keep the pieces of the inlay in position it had to be waxed and strengthened with cloth bit by bit as it was uncovered, so that we have as yet little idea of what the scene is, but there are rows of human and animal figures and when the plaque is cleaned and restored it should prove one of the best objects found in the cemetery.Work on the great courtyard has been simply a matter of shifting earth. The central court is a hundred yards long and fifty-eight wide, and it was buried up to a depth of ten feet, so that the labour of clearing it away has been very great. Little was to be expected here in the way of objects, and the purpose of the work was to discover as much as possible of the nature of the building, which is the largest within the Sacred Area of Ur. At present we have dealt almost entirely with the later levels and much remains to be done next season, but already the results are very important for the history of the city. The courtyard is an essential part of the great temple of Nannar the Moon God and it is intimately connected with the Ziggurat tower before which it lies: in fact it forms a lower terrace to the Ziggurat and is part of the same complex, the boundary walls being continuous and some of the buildings:
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2.[Hand-drawn bracket round all text to two thirds of page with number '2' written in margin]life was to continue in surroundings as like as might be to those of this world. Of the servants and court attendants there remained in this case little but scattered bones, for ages ago robbers had broken through the roof of the tomb and made a clean sweep of its contents. Some of the necklaces torn from the bodies had broken, and the floors wee littered with lapis lazuli and gold beads, two silver lamps lay overlooked in a corner, there was a broken sceptre of mosaic work with gold bands decorated with figures in relief; but the great treasures which the tomb must have contained had vanished. It was a disappointment of course, but we had the satisfaction of having found the tomb itself, a first-class monument of this early age How much the robbers had actually taken one can only guess, for not all the royal graves were as rich as Queen Shub-ad's; we have just laid bare one \"death-pit\" in which the ranked bodies were all quite poorly attired, with a few silver ornaments in the place of gold; but the pit rewarded us well, for against its edge stood a harp with a particularly fine calf's head modelled in copper and on the front of the sounding-box a panel of mosaic work with human figures in shell set against a background of lapis lazuli, the technique of the wonderful \"standard\" discovered last season. [Bracket closes here and new one opens with handwritten: Deeper level and oldest - 3] Here too another discovery was made. The graves are all dug down into a vast rubbish-heap which sloped down from the walls of the earliest Sumerian settlement to the marsh or river out of which it rose, and the bottom of this particular \"death-pit\" just touched a stratum of rubbish, necessarily very much older than itself, wherein lay multitudinous nodules of dark-coloured clay: many were shapeless, but amongst them were:
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2.[letterhead: National Scheme for Disabled Men] BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDONÂ : W.C.1.</br>into this when I send the MS. back to you.I much fear you will lose patience at the time I am taking over this business, and I most sincerely apologize. But I have been miserably overcrowded with work of different kinds, and now hav Tell el-Obeid publication a good deal on my hands as well, besides the more normal Museum business. But I hope, at least, to get it sent off to you before the end of the year, and then it should not take very much longer.I haven't seen the Sept. Mus. Journal yet, but I am sorry it won't contain the Amorites, whom I expected to have rather a solvent effect on certain Germans!Yours very sincerely, C. J. Gadd.:
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2.[letterhead: National Scheme for Disabled Men] BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDONÂ : W.C.1.would like to add or to substitute - please do what seems best to you, and I shall be very well content. For those at present in the British Museum I am about to start a photographing campaign, and am writing to Baghdad for a few to be made there. I will not trouble you with the provisional list of these, because of course the whole will be submitted to your criticism and you can then suggest any additions or omissions.Thanks for your suggestions about sending my remarks on the Bauerian Amurru to the League of Nations. But I understood that was an organization to promote peace!Your sincerely, C. J. Gadd.:
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2.[note: a circled numeral \"2\" appears at the top right corner of the page][note: the penciled bracket labeled \"4\" from the previous page opens here] obvious continuity of culture there is XX equally clear evidence for a long lapse of time between the first and the second periods of the cemetery.[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"5\" opens here] The graves have proved very rich; gold objects have been found every day since work started, [note: penciled bracket closes here] and though for the most part these do not give us much more information than we possessed before, yet they illustrate better the civilization of the period.[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"6\" opens here] The most curious of the gold things is an amulet in the form of a phallus, a very rare thing in this country where phallic rites were to say the least of it uncommon; also curious are coils of narrow gold ribbon probably twisted round braids or hair and worn across the forehead. The bulk of the gold comes from the grave in which the gold dagger was found last year; its excavation had been left unfinished and we are still at work on it. The best object is a composite bead, probably from a tasseled cord, formed of four double coneid beads soldered together and decorated with applied filigree work exactly like that of the dagger: with this were found hundreds of gold beads and pendants, many of them finely worked, and great quantities of beads in lapis and carnelian; a finger-ring of gold cloisonne work set with lapis was found this morning and is a remarkable specimen of technique.Quite exceptional are the cylinder seals, of which very many have been found. No previous season has produced anything so fine, and I enclose illustrations of a few of then which will give an idea of the quality of the seals of the period. In several cases the gold or copper caps have been preserved and add greatly to the appearance of the stones. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"6\" closes here]However rash it may be to prophecy, I can safely say, even at this early stage, that the season is likely to be most successful: the work done hitherto is hardly more than preparatory, yet it has yielded a rich return in good objects, and I think that there is every probability of discoveries which will eclipse those already made. In case of very important finds I propose to cable to you and follow up the cable by a report irrespective of the date in the month.:
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2.[Note: a penciled bracket continues from the previous page labeled \"23\" in the margin.] grees with the views I had formed previously, can now be considered certain instead of hypothetical; a proper analysis of the contents of the graves will in time produce more detailed information, but we can already get a very good perspective of the history of the site.In two graves found close to the surface of the ground in the IIIrd Dynasty (a level which had been denuded from the part of the cemetery area dug earlier in the season we obtained cylinder seals of members of the household of that daughter of Sargon of Akkad who dedicated the circular calcite stela found last year: the furniture going with these cylinders seems to differ considerably from that of other graves. From a plundered grave also on the top level came the lapis lazuli cylinder seal of the wife of Mesannipadda, first king of the First Dynasty of Ur. In the top stratum therefore we have the remains of two periods, or of a period ranging from 3200 to 2500 B.C.: comparison with the al Ubaid graves makes it fairly clear that the former alternative is the correct one, and that site was used for graves before and up to the First Dynasty, and then after a lapse re-used in the Sargonid period. The next stratum contains graves of a uniform character from which we have obtained two cylinder seals giving the names of three prehistoric kings of Ur. Then, after a barren stratum, we reach at about five metres' depth from the present surface, a new series of graves distinguished by cylinder seals of the most primitive types, by semi-pictographic tablets, and by an astonishing wealth of gold. These graves cannot be much later than 3500 B.C. [Note: close of the penciled bracket labeled \"23\"]I am glad to say that in the division I have secured all the historical cylinder seals mentioned above except one of the Sargonid pieces.[Note: penciled bracket labeled \"24\" in the margin opens. Also note that in this first paragraph the phrase \"this has gone to Baghdad\" is excluded from the bracket] One of the finest objects found consists of a set of four shell plaques engraved with animal subjects and four with linear patterns framed in pink limestone and lapis lazuli; this has gone to Baghdad. In some ways more remark-30:
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2.[obscured by author: \"been in the employment of the Expedition for five years was ill in [illegible] and unable to [illegible].\"]At Aleppo I had seen Hamoudi and his sons and had sent them to Baghdad with orders to go on directly to Ur and dig out the Expedition house. At Beyrouth we met Father Burrows and together crossed the desert to Baghdad, arriving there on October 20th. On the morning of the 23rd Father Burrows and I took the train to Ur, arriving there at midnight, and on the following morning engaged with the working gang, the number taken on, 120 men,being the maximum which I felt our reduced staff could cope. My wife, who had stopped behind in Baghdad and engaged a new cook, joined us on the 27th [manuscript alteration from typed 26th]. Digging had started on the 25th.To carry on the excavation of the cemetery it was first necessary to remove a dump-heap thrown up last year, a mass of earth some sixty feet wide, fifteen to twenty-five feet high and about 110 feet long; I had reckoned that this would take five days but with our small gang six days have not quite seen it finished. Meanwhile work had to be done on the house; certain repairs were necessary, and the experience of last season had shewn that we were insufficiently provided with room for antiquities; so a new room had to be built on. Since the pick-men were not required for the moving of loose soil they were turned on to the constructional work and only a single bricklayer had to be employed from outside. The house work is now far advanced. The new room, built on a pigeon-hole system with kerosine tins, not only affords good storage space but makes possible a far more efficient classification of objects, while the internal repairs have added much to the healthiness of the house.The area now cleared for excavation lies immediately inside the Neo-Babylonian Temenos wall, stretching from the east corner along the:
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212.of silver; standing thus erect they are about twenty inches high. From scattered fragments of inlay one had guessed that such workso of art were made by the early Sumerians, but here for the first time we have actual and complete examples of sculpture in precious metal and inlay. and there is no doubt that they are amongst the two of the most remarkable objects of antiquity that this country has yet produced.:
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22URIraq.3rd Report January I. I929.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you my report on the work done by your Expedition during the month of December, supplementing the interim report sent to you on the 25th of the month. The excavation of the \"death-pit\" there described is now complete and the total number of bodies found in it is seventy-four, of which the great majority were accompanied by gold objects. It has been an extraordinarily rich find, and the amount of precious metal has been such that I have had to pay out in \"baksheesh\" no less than Rs.500, a sum unprecedented in our work here but representing a very small fraction of the actual value. We have not yet found the tomb, but are almost at the right level for the associated shaft in which is the waggon described in my last report, and I hope that this may lead us to the tomb. With the clearing of the \"death-pit\" we finished up the area selected for the first stage of our seasonS dig and strated on the adjoining area: over half of this we are now down almost to the level at wich the main tombs may be expected ; on the other half work has been rather held up by the necessity of shifting a number of men to the site of the a new stone tomb previously reported by me. I had expected to open this this week, but it was larger than had been supposed and ran on under high dirt - it is at least eight metres square and almost if not quite as large as, the plundered three-chamber stone tomb found last year, which it adjoins. It will be ten days or more before we can enter it.:
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23 Wall Street New York April 3, 1935Dear Tom:I enclose a copy of a letter which the Carnegie Corporation, of which I am a trustee, has recieved from the British Museum, dated March 15, 1935. Offhand it looks as though the University Museum has speculated in exchange, and lost, and ought to make good the resulting deficit. Won't you look into it yourself and see what you think, and then perhaps we can have a talk about it? I am writing you in this informal way and asking you to take a personal look at it because it would be too bad to have this effort in international scholarly cooperation turn into an international debate. Very truly yours,s/ Russell:
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232.in the ipper levels of the new section the ordinary graves were less numerous than usual owing to the disturbance of the soil at a later period. In spite of this the number of graves dug this season already exceeds three hundred and fifty, and the small objects from them have been excellent; of recent finds one of the best is a second alabaster lamp with a figure of a bull in relief. Work on the courtyard of the Nannar Temple continues satisfactorily under Dr. Mallowan's supervision. It is too early to have obtained very much in the way of results, but so far as I can see at present we are getting confirmation of the views as to the history of the building based on the clearing of the central court in previous seasons. A building due in part to Ur-Engur and in part to Dungi seems to have undergone radical alterations either at the close of the Third Dynasty or in the Larsa period; after various minor repairs which we hope to date and define more accurately it was rebuily by Kuri-Dalzu , repaired by other Kassite rulers and, more thoroughly, by Sinbalatsu-ikbi in the seventh century, and again rebuilt by Nebuchadnezzar. The work is heavy - walls go down to five metres' depth - and the evidence is not easy to interpret at least where a relatively small area is concerned, but the results are encouraging and emphasise the need to complete the excavation of the site. The rooms cleared so far have not produced any tablets; two inscribed door-sockets have been found, but the best object is one which has no real connection with the present building, a limestone mace-head with figures of man-headed bulls in relief and an inscription, unfortunately much defaced, which may refer to a king of Wari and certainly belongs to about that period.:
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23c, Via Lombardia,Roma (6). Italia.3rd December, 1933.Dear Dr. Legrain,It was exceedingly kind of you to intervene so effectual on behalf of the 'Iraq Museum, and when the books begin to arrive there the Museum Staff will be filled with joy and gratitude. You have obtained far more than I dared to hope, a fact which certainly shows what a skilful[sic] ambassador you must be!During the short time that I worked in that Museum it seemed to me absolutely essential that they should have works like your catalogues of seals and of clay figurines, because when new material is pouring in all the time such books are invaluable for comparison, for showing a range of types, and for aids in dating the material. It is really most generous of the Museum Authorities to promise such a fine gift, and of you to have laid the case before them in such a persuasive manner.How is the catalogue of the Ur cylinder seals progressing, and is there a good hope of its appearance before very long? The book will be eagerly awaited, for there are such fascinating problems among the subjects represented, and it will be most exciting to learn your opinion and explanation of them. It must, however, be quite an arduous task, for some of the 1st Dynasty seals are very complicated in design, and require most careful study before all the details are revealed.In the 'Iraq Museum there is one seal, U.12114, which shows a contest of beasts in the presence of a man. What is curious is that the body of one animal, bull or second lion, which should cross the body of the first lion, does not show the head and shoulders but totally disappears, and instead there is the figure of a smaller being in a tasselled skirt who seizes the mane of the first lion. Is it not quite rare for the body of an animal to evaporate in that way? Usually, however complicated the scheme with patience one can trace:
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23c,Via Lombardia,Roma (6). Italia.15th January, 1934Dear Dr. Legrain,Your letter of the 5th of January reached me yesterday, and I hasten to answer it, in order to say how much it interested me, and to thank you cordially for taking so much trouble to reply to my observations about the cylinder seals from Ur.It is very nice to have the two photographs; U.12,114[U.12114] (Ur Cemetery [words underscored] No. 203) is certainly an astonishing subject, and I know of no precise parallel to the hybrid being. The other, U.12,680[U.12680] ([looks like an equal sign?]No.138) is quite vigorous and has an attractive interplay of line.Probably U.6807[U.6807] would not have concerned you, because, from its appearance, it is very unlikely that it came from the Royal Cemetery at Ur, for it is evidently quite late in comparison to the objects from that site. I enclose a bad sketch, thinking that It may amuse you. I cannot make out what the object in the centre can be. It looks almost like a human being lying on his back with legs and arms raised. Then it has certain resemblances to the conventional early form of a boat, and cf.[word underscored] U.2223A[A is superscripted and underscored]. The \"demon\" walking upright and carrying a mace is grotesque.I do most heartily congratulate you upon having accomplished such an important piece of work as your section on the cylinder seals in the volumes on the Royal Cemetery. The seals from there are of the utmost importance, not only on account of the intensely interesting subjects which they depict, but also because they are approximately dated (in spite of the carping criticisms of Professor Christian!).I am longing to see the work and be able to study the exciting material at leisure. It would also be very helpful to me for a very practical reason. I found, when in Baghdad, that I was woefully ignorant as to the materials of which the seals were made, and could not tell whether it was marble, or steatite, or diorite or even porcelain! Lapis lazuli was recognizable, or as a rule shell also. I appealed to Selim Effendi, and thought his answers were most helpful until I discovered that he always replied \"that is steatite\"! You see, I needed your authoritative advice to guide me.:
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23c,Via Lombardia,Roma (6). Italia.16th April, 1934.Dear Dr. Legrain,Thank you very much for the No. of the Gazette des Beaux Arts[entire title underscored] containing your article, \"Au pays de la Reine de Saba\", which has just reached me.The statuettes are most extraordinary, certainly more curious than beautiful, and you are to be congratulated upon having made such an important acquisition for the Museum. They are a curious mixture of faint recollections of the art of various peoples, and some of the heads are quite like portraits. The head of a woman in alabaster, Fig. 16, recalls third and fourth century portraits of Roman emperors, Constatine[sic] and his successors, especially the later ones. It seems as if you must surely be correct in stating on p.74 that in some cases the top of the head was covered with a wig of bitumen. At present the poor things have a sadly bald appearance!The seated figure, Figs. 19, 21, is peculiar, and the square shoulders, the hands resting on the widely spread knees, and the heavy, stunted pose remind one of the Branchidae statues. Perhaps the rudimentary cubic seat adds to the impression.As the article has only just arrived there has not yet been time to read it, so I do not know if all the figures and other objects were from the same place, a sanctuary or a deposit. The mask, Fig. 17, is exceedingly morose; if the inscription were eliminated one might think it was a work of modern art!I have been reading with the greatest interest your description of the cylinder seals in Ur Excavations II: The Royal Cemetery[title underlined]. They are quite astonishing, and it is most valuable to have that full descriptions of the seals themselves, and of exactly where they were found. The whole work is a triumph, and must have entailed an enormous amount of labour. It was splendid to be able to illustrate the account so fully with those admirable plates, and then to be able to bring it out at such a moderate price. It must be rather a relief to your mind to know that such a complicated piece:
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243.An interesting discovery was made on Christmas day when your whole staff went by car some forty miles out into the western desert and found at a distance of rather less than thirty miles from Ur good beds of limestone similar in quality to that used for the royal graves and for the foundations of the walls of the al 'Ubaid temple and for the enceinte walls of Eridu. This solves one of the difficulties involved by the belief that Gebel Simran near Shaiba, 110 miles away, was the nearest source of supply for such stone: on the other hand it makes it hard to explain why stone fell into complete disuse for building purposes at a later date.The weather throughout December has been most favourable and no working time at all has been lost. I enclose my statement of accounts for the month, which call for no special comment by me. Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report I have the honour to remain, Sir, Your very obedient Servant, C Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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274.For the heavy work of clearing the Courtyard I have engaged sixty extra workmen: work is proceeding there satisfactorily.Trusting that you will be satisfied with the last stage of this season's work on the gravesI have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C Leonard Woolley:
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2an impressive one. Do you think there is any possibility of other fragments turning up later in the excavations? I do not know whether I can find the fragment that you refer to as Dr. Legrain is the only one who has handled our share of the first and second years' finds.With best regards, I remainVery sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, DirectorJoint Expedition of the BritishMuseum and the University Museum, Phila.The British MuseumLondon, England:
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2any important pieces that may come upon the market, either in Egypt or in Europe. My thought is that you might go to Cairo and ascertain whether anything may be obtained there at the present time, either through the Museum or from dealers. We own an important head which I bought by cable a few weeks ago from Youssef Bey Chiha, rue El Manakh 13, but the Museum authorities refuse to permit him to export it. They would have no right to prevent you from exporting it if you should pay the regular tax on antiquities.At various times upon inquiries from me, the authorities at the Cairo Museum have suggested the possibility of our receiving through them one of the large stone sarcophagi from Saqqara. I do not know whether they are now in a position to let us have one. The present time would certainly be an appropriate one for us to receive one of these sarcophagi which we have long wanted. Of course, we would be prepared to pay the price required within reason. we would be prepared to commission you to negotiate with them for a good example of these sarcophagi. In short, my thought would be that without going too far out of your way, you might at least report on the condition of things in Egypt and perhaps be the means of getting some additions to our collections. Any expense which your journey to Egypt would entail would, of course, be paid by this Museum. I am writing to Kenyon to ask his consent to your performing this mission for us on your way home. In case you should prefer to take your holiday for this purpose, we could arrange to pay you something extra for that time.I am glad that all are enjoying good health. People here are having a very bad time with bronchitis and pneumonia and severe colds - a bad winter.With best regards to yourself and Dr. LegrainVery sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, Esq.Directorc/o Eastern Bank, Ltd.Basra, Irak:
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2at his own expense means a very great saving for the expedition and for the two Museums and will probably be the best solution in other ways. If the British Museum has confidence in Paul Geuthner as a publisher and is willing to entrust him with the volumes I think that I would be satisfied. Your proposals for next year's expedition in so far as they include Legrain, an architect and Linnell are agreeable to me. I am in favour of Legrain going out and shall consult him as soon as he returns. I agree with you with regard to an architect and the payment of a salary to Linnell next year, subject to your having a similar understanding with Kenyon. With regard to a payment to Linnell for work already done, you and Kenyon can decide the matter between you. With regard to your request affecting your own salary, I am sure that it is not unreasonable, provided the funds of the Expedition can stand it. I shall write to Kenyon with regard to this. I wish you success in arranging the exhibition. I have not heard from Legrain but I presume that he is with you in London by this time and that he will be arriving here soon. With my best regardsVery sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, Esq.Director of the Joint Expeditionof the British Museum and the UniversityMuseum of PhiladelphiaThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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2been welcome. They simply wish that the beautiful and successful exhibition which attract visitors [shou?] keep on as long as possible. I assured him that his letter of July 17 had been received before my departure on Aug. 1st, and that anyhow the immediate division seemed desirable, the american public been anxious to see the famous and well advertized collection. He [?ageed?] to the point. G. and S. are strongly in favor of the yearly division. It is already a difficult task after two year and it would worst next year. The objects are exposed or kept in various places, upstairs and down stairs or packed away. It takes time, room, and real fatigue to find, unpack and compare them before dividingSo far Smith has been helping in the:
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2element in the town's population.Where we are working now the stratification of the rubbish-heaps into which the graves were dug is unusually well-marked; in some cases it is possible to see, by the interruption of strats, from what ground-level particular graves have been dug and in others to prove that fresh rubbish-deposits formed higher strata after the making of a grave. In the uppermost stratum of the old rubbish (as distinguished from the artificial filling which was employed at a later date for levelling the area) there were found a few tablets and numerous clay jar-sealings, distributed down the slope, amongst which were several bearing the impressions of the seals of Mes-anni-padda and his wife Nin-tu-nin; the stratum can therefore be confidently assigned to the early part of the First Dynasty of Ur. A stratum two removed from this has produced tablets and seal impressions of an earlier type, in style half-way between the First Dynasty and the tablets found deep in the rubbish-mounds last season; now, in a stratum only slightly lower at the top but corresponding (by the line of the fall) to that which produced tablets last year, we are getting similar documents identical in character with last year's. We have thus three strata relatively dated and can prove that comparatively small vertical rise of the mound's surface represents a period as long as divides the archaic script of last year's tablets from that of the First Dynasty; within this period, as epigraphical and stratigraphical evidence proves, come nearly all the graves of the early cemetery. Measured drawings supplemented by photographs are being made of the section of strata exposed by our excavation and will afford documentary proof of the age of the graves, and though the duration of the cemetery period must remain conjectural the fact that the First Dynasty:
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2favourable rate of $ 3.25 to the pound sterling this sum exceeded by several thousand dollars the amount allocated by the Carnegie Cor- poration for the Ur publications....... and you had believed that there would certainly be left something overhead expenses until the next volume could be xxxxxxxxx issued.Here I think you mis-judge me. When I contracted for the volume you had advanced me [£ ?] 500 and we were pledged to Miss Baker for a sum which you told me would not exceed $1,000: at the rate you quote the balance of the $25, 000 would yield £6646: actually the exchange here went down to $3.14. and when I wrote was, I think, $3.17, giving me a larger credit; even at the rate prevailing when you sent me $5000 on account in January 1933 I could reckon on £6450, in spite of the xx rise in the value of the pound. I considered it my duty in view of the wording of the memorandum on the strength of which the Carnegie grat was made to expend the whole sum on the first volume; the es= timate was for between £6450 and £6550 (I quoted the larger figure) and this I hoped would be if anything in excess of the total, for I allowed for 500 pages of text (which as events proved was 100 pages too little) but also for 40 colour blocks and 200 collotypes, which is more that were actually used, and the plates are of course the main item of costs. Consequently I was keeping pretty close to the limits of my assumed credit, and as we were to reckon on a certain amount of loss on each volume (the loss on the total series of volumes being the total of the $25,000 grant) a small excess due to incident- al expenses was venial.:
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2from Iraq and Palestine make it an important part of their recollections though most of them know it only from hearsay.Perhaps the presence of a lone woman with four men in camp makes a more interesting figure for some of them than the outline of Ziggurat. In any case I should be a little apprehensive that a woman in that situation might incur the risk of becoming the subject of inconsiderate remarks which though they might be treated as negligible by their subject could not be regarded as matters of indifference by you or anyone in a responsible position. Perhaps you will wish to give the matter your best consideration with a view to removing that risk. I do not know how important you may consider Mrs Keeling's worth as our assistant; but without detracting from her in any way and quite apart from the circumstances that I have mentioned:
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2gan the construction, but it was left to Dungi to finish it, and certain minor details were added by Bur-Sin in the second generation.When Kuri-galzu pavement was removed we found that a large part of the courtwas taken up by brick bases of different sizes and different orientation; all lay (so far as their present brickwork is concerned, but they may of course have risen originally much above their present level) under or flush with the brick pavements of the Third Dynasty; their solidity is surprising, and one base, put down by Sin-iddinam of Larsa, goes down fifteen feet below pavement level; it is of solid brickwork throughout and no explanation is forthcoming for this massive construction: possibly further work in the future may throw light on its purpose. The SE end of the court presents very peculiar features for which again we have as yet no explanation. The brick pavement is five courses thick; a large holeirregular in outline has been dug through this and covered with a roughly laid pavement of broken brick not at the same level but lower and sloped down to the centre like the bottom of a pool; going through this we have found no less than five superimposed brick pavements of different qualities and below these again mud brick construction. Further investigation of this is being reserved for next year. For the next week, which will finish our digging season, work will consist merely in shifting surface earth with a view to complete excavation later.As my wife's health has made an early return to England imperative I havetaken advantage of this phase of the work to leave Ur forthwith, putting Mr. Mallowan in charge of the closing down. He will pack and send off the remaining antiquities and generally wind up the season. I am very glad that Mr. Mallowan, whose work with me has been invaluable, should have this opportunity for independent work.:
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2had promised me their help. Anyhow, there it is, the funds are not forthcoming, and I have to close down just when we are in the middle of a piece of work which is pro-ducing the best small objects which we have yet secured at Ur. You will understandthat I feel rather bitter about it.Kenyon tells me that he is writing to you to ask whether you would, in thecircumstances, agree to contribute the £500 which you have already paind in to the Joint account even if it is not met, as it should be, by an equivalent amount fromthe British Museum. If you do, it will of course enable me to prolong the season,though even so it will be a short one. The proportion of contibutions by the twoMuseums is of course not my affair, - all I want is money for the joint work: butthat £500 would be extremely useful, so I want to get hold of it! but as you mayfeel a natural objection to what looks like going back on an agreement, I propose to put before you certain facts which hitherto there has been no need to worryabout.I must begin historically. When Kenyon first told me, three years ago, thatour programme might have to be curtailed owing to the British Museum's inability tofind the half share of the costs due from it under the revised agreement, I protestedthat this was not really fair because the \"good will\" of the British Museum, which had been taken into account in the original agreement, was still a very materialfactor on the financial side. Kenyon however said that he had agreed to the newscheme and that there was no point in going into my objections; any advantage Imight get by using the name of the British Museum would of course go to the generaladvantage of the Joint Fund, and the more the better. Accordingly a number of items in the accounts I render conceal what are in intention subscriptions to the BritishMuseum side of the Fund, but do not figure as such.I must explain how real this \"good will\" is. In 1922-3, when my total budgetwas £3000, of which one third only came from London, I reckoned that the gifts, re-:
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2has explained to you that he went to Baghdad as Annual Professor at the American School of Archaeology founded by the Archaeological Society of America.I do not know who is making the photographs this year, but I have noticed that those you have sent are very poor. Also I received no acknowledgement of the letter I wrote you on behalf of the newspaper press requesting that a few photographs should be made containing life groups. This, I realize, is a subject for a photographer with an artistic eye and accustomed to making picturesque or striking compositions and I am not at all disposed to urge this newspaper demand although I think everyone would be grateful for whatever you might be able to do in that direction.I have received a furious letter from Mr. Hall of the British Museum complaining about Legrain's statement in the September JOURNAL giving credit for the discovery of the temple at Nin-har-sag at Tell el Obeid to the HJoint Expedition instead of to him. I had already noticed the error and had it corrected in the December JOURNAL and wrote him to that effect. I then received another letter from him almost as fierce as the first.I have since received a copy of the publication called MAN containing an article by Hall on the work at Tell el Obeid in which he stated that the work in the last two years was conducted by the British Museum and omits all mention of the University Museum. I have consequently written a polite note to Mr. Hall calling his attention to this omission.I want to make it clear to Mr. Hall that the reference in the JOURNAL was a simple inadvertence for which I was quite as responsible as Legrain and that there was no intentional discourtesy to him. A complete correction on the first page of the December JOURNAL ought, I think, to be satisfactory and I am particularly anxious to avoid any kind of misunderstanding. I think that your:
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2I notice that at the bottom of the envelopeafter writing Ur in the ordinary way, he tookthe trouble to write it again in capitals.On the other hand I have great admiration for theq Irag Postal Authorities, for whom such excessiveprecautions were unnecessary.In the meantime I trust that neither younor the interest of the Expedition has sufferedfrom the delay which has been occasioned by theseseveral efficiencies in the public service of Irak.C. LEONARD WOOLLEY, Esq., DirectorJoint Expedition of the British Museumand the University Museum, Philadelphiac/o The Eastern Bank, Ltd.Basra, Irak:
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2Legrain's disposal for travelling expenses and his salary amounting to £397.10 which we will pay direct to him. I would suggest that you send Woolley a cable notifying him of the amount now available so that he can make his plans accordingly.With best regardsVery sincerely yourDirectorP. S. Upon second thought I have decided to send Woolley a cable myself to save time. Accordingly I have cabled him as follows.Appropriation increased by £350.I suppose that with this information he will be able to keep on a good deal longer than he though of doing when he wrote on December 5th.SIR FREDERIC KENYON, DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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2ly of burnt brick.In the NW end of the courtyard there were altars or bases of burnt brick, the meaning of which is not clear, erected by both the builders of the temple and also by their successor Bur-Sin. Early in the Isin period a king, perhaps Ishme-Dagan, divided the great court of the temple into two by putting up against the SW wall an enormous mass of solid brickwork which now lies level with the pavement but may once have stood to a considerable height; it occupied half the court. The fact that in the Kassite period a wide trench was driven across it, destroying even its foundations, suggests that there was something of value beneath it, but we have found no explanation of the platform or of its destruction. Equally mysterious is is a \"base\", smaller but more solid, built in the court by Sin-idinnam who in the process destroyed part of the Isin wall; we have cut away the heart of this and have dug down beneath it to water level without finding any explanation of it.A complete re-building of the temple was undertaken by Warad-Sin. He razed the walls of Dungi and enlarged the terrace in three directions while preserving the main lines of the original ground-plan, so that the outer walls of the Third Dynasty lie below the floors of the chambers surrounding the Larse court; the feature of his work was the use of half -columns and recesses to relieve the wall face both of the outer facade and of the Sanctuary wall facing the entry, but most of his building was in mud brick only. This temple was pulled down and rebuilt, in mud brick on burnt brick foundations, by Kuri-Galzu II (1400 B. C.) who followed exactly the lines of the last building but gave to his temple a plain facade instead of the decorated one of his predecessor: Incidentally he placed in the:
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2nd Press Report Dec-25-1928 (20)The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania is already this year rivalling the success of its work at Ur last season. We are now engaged in clearing what seems to be the antechamber of a great royal tomb: the tomb itself has not yet been found but we have come upon a square pit measuring more than twenty-five feet across whose floor is crowded with the bodies of human victims, most if not all of them women. Nearly all these bodies are adorned with head-dresses of gold, silver, lapis lazuli and carnelian far richer than those of the nine court ladies found in the \"King's tomb last year; for eight days we have been busy removing these elaborate decorations and the work is not over yet. But the most surprising contents of the pit are of a different nature. In one place there were lying, one on top of another, three harps and what may be the ornament of a fourth: the finest harp has a wooden sounding box decorated with mosaic, the front bearing engraved shell plaques above which projects a magnificent bull's head in gold, while the uprights are covered with bands of gold alternating with encrustation in shell, lapis lazuli and red stone and the cross-beam is plated with silver. The second is of silver throughout and attached to the sounding-box is a cow's head in the same metal: the third is also of silver but of a different shape and has for the support of the upright a silver statue of a stag; a similar copper statue of a stag may have belonged to a wooden harp.Elsewhere there were two statues, a pair, each representing a ram caught in a thicket: the heads and legs of the animals are of gold, the fleece of white shell and the hair on the shoulders of lapis lazuli, while the plants amidst which they stand are of gold, The rams are shewn rearing up on their hind fore-legs and are shackled to the plants by bands:
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2of all these and the complete body of one have been preserved. The grooms and driv-ers were found in their places; one of the former had a dagger with gold-decoratedhilt.Against the side of the shaft were two statues of bulls; the bodies, made ofwood, had entirely decayed; the head of one was of copper with inlaid eyes, a veryfine piece of work in excellent condition, that of the other was of gold and lapis, the head itself being of thin gold over wood, the hair, beard, eyes and tips of thehorns of lapis. The head is badly crushed and distorted, but can easily be restored.Down the chest of each animal ran a series of shell plaques engraved with mytholog-ical scenes.The whole of the rest of the shaft area was littered with bodies. Against thefoot of the tomb lay 11 skulls, presumably those of the principal women of the har-in, each wearing an identical elaborate head-dress consisting of gold ribbon makinga sort of net over the hair, a wreath of beads with mulberry-leaf pendants, verylarge gold ear-rings, and a silver head ornament shaped rather like a hand with atthe tip of every point a rosette having inlaid petals of gold, lapis and shell. Theother bodies were less richly adorned, but gave a great number and variety of beads,pins etc.Obviously the main riches of the grave had been with the body in the plund-ered tomb; from the wreckage of this we recovered a few small gold objects, includ-ing a frontlet made of two lengths of gold chain and three large beads, a very finegaming board encased in silver, all the shell squares of the face engraved with an-imal subjects, and a most remarkable model sixty centimetres long of a boat, in sil-ver, complete with oars and awning-support. Much as one must regret the looting ofthe chamber, this loss is perhaps compensated by the survival of the chamber itself, for it is an extraordinarily interesting architectural monument. The walls are ofrough stone built up between caissons with mud mortar; at one point the wall line:
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2other things all right - & I agreed with you that the ring was not cheap - but one can't get a bargain every time, & things generally balance each other. But I do want a decision because I can't afford to keep on out of pocket: I didn't say anything on my way back this season for that reason, i.e. that I couldn't afford to, the stuff now in your keeping represents what is for me a large sum. You seemed to think that what you didn't want might be taken by some other American museum: if you could:
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2recovered and form a most important collection.[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"3\" opens here] Meanwhile work on the other side of the excavated area proved the NW limits of the cemetery also. Our work here produced no graves but either stratified rubbish or superimposed house remains according as the limits of the early town fluctuated in times of greater or less expansion. Near the surface we came on a pavement of plano-convex bricks which could be dated as not later than 3000 B.C. and we dug down through successive floor levels to a depth of eight metres below this, by which time we were finding very early seal impressions on clay and pottery, painted or otherwise decorated, of types elsewhere occurring only below the ten-foot bed of clay which I have regarded as a relic of the Flood. For the full working out of the earliest history of Ur excavations on a large scale ought to be undertaken either at this spot or a little to the NW of it: [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"3\" closes here] as it was too late in the season to start anything of the kind I stopped work here on Feb. 13th. [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"4\" opens here] With regard to the ancient cemetery lying on the slope below the walls of the settlement, we now know its width and further excavation of its length in either direction (probably little remains to be done to the NE) can be carried on economically and with proper knowledge. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"4\" closes here]Since the division was fixed for Feb. 16 - 23 and would absorb much of my time I thought that the men would be best employed in the mean time in making soundings on the line of the city wall so as to get information of which we could base a programme for its fuller excavation. [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"6\" opens here] The spot chosen was on the NE side, just behind the Expedition house: [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"6\" closes here] here the mound looked most promising, but on the other hand Dr. Hall had in 1919 dug here a twelve-foot deep trench across the mound in search of the same city wall and had:
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2shrine and Court of Justice described by me in a former report. Had this work not been done in the present season it might well never have been done at all, for it is never very tempting to polish off the odd corners left over from a previous year, especially when there is no reason to suppose that anything of value will be found; even as it was I hesitated to spend money on continuing what had been hiterhto the unremunerative task of digging down through seven feet of hard soil to a brick pavement, and it was more obstinacy than anything else that made me go on. Almost the first day produced in one room a door-socket of king Sur-Sin (2200 B.C.) with an inscription in 52 lines giving the history of the temple's beginnings, a very welcome record; but it was in the western wing of the great court that the discovery was made which put the others in the shadows to make overshadowed all others. Here the pavement was littered with blocks and lumps and chips of limestone, ranging in size from four feet to an inch or less, some rough, others carved, some pitted and flaked with the action of salt, some as smooth and sharp as when the sculptor finished his work; and all, or nearly all, belonged to the most important monument yet found at Ur, one monument, the most important yet found at Ur.This monument was a stela or slab five feet in width and perhaps fifteen feet high, carved on both sides with a series of historical or symbolic scenes arranged in horizontal bands of unequal heights. It bore a long incscription, now fragmentary and with the king's name missing; but here luck favoured us, for on a mere flake of stone, the drapery of a figure otherwise lost, there is inscribed the name of Ur-Engur, and we can therefore identify the author of the stela with the founder of the Third Dynasty and the builder of the Ziggurat. The fragments found by us represent only a fraction of the whole carved surface: none of the registers is complete, some have disappeared altogether, of most we have only bits, often disconnected, from which to reconstruct the design; but even so the monument ranks with the famous (and equally fragmentary) Stela of the Vultures in the Louvre as one of the two most important relics of Sumerian art known.The reliefs illustrate king Ur-Engur's care for his people as shown by the digging of canals for the irrigation of the land, and his piety in building for the Moon god the great Ziggurat of Ur. What remains of the inscription is a list of the canals made by him, and this is illustrated by a most curious scene in the top register of the stone: the king stands in an attitude of adoration before the seated figure of the god, and above his head is an angel flying down from heaven and holding in her outstretched arms a vase from which streams of water pour out upon the [handwritten: underlined previous few words and question mark drawn] ground: the scene, which appears on both sides [margin note: 8] of the stela, seems to have been repeated several times in the register, perhaps with an angel symbolising each of the principal canals. The whole conception is new to us, and the graceful figure of the angel is unique in Mesopotamian art.Other scenes are those of sacrifice to the gods. In one, two men have thrown a bull down on its back, one grasps its forelegs and sets his foot upon the beast's muzzle while the other stoops forward and seems to be cutting it open to examain examine the liver for omens; a third man has cut off the head of a he-goat and, holding the body in his arms, pours out the blood from the neck before a smaller figure, perhaps the statue of a god, which stands upon a low pedestal; others pour libations of water upon a simple pillar-like altar. In another scene two men are lustily beating a great drum; in another there seems to be a row of prisoners, a record probably of the king's conquests. But most interesting of all are the pictures of the building of the Ziggurat, shown upon three registers the main fragment:
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2sympathy in the difficult task of gathering, arranging, guarding the works of ancient art and presenting them at their best for their human interest and beauty. Never forgetting his beginning as an Americanist, he supported and encouraged several Expeditions in Central, North and South America and Alaska. But his keen interest extended to many other fields also. Particularly as regards the South Seas and Western African regions it was chiefly bu his efforts that important collections were built up which especially in the matter of the decorative and representative arts are of the very first class. The Chinese section in the Charles Curtiss Harrison Hall, was his care and pride, and best expresses his personality. The large frescoes of the Tang Dynasty are the first of their kind exhibited in this country. Day after day the students from art schools find in this room models and inspiration. In the classical fields of [?Crete?], Egypt, Palestine, Mesopotamia, and the Mediterranean sections, the Museum had long traditions, which were kept alive by Dr. Gordon and received fresh impulse [?from him?]. The Joint Expedition at Ur of the Chaldees, and the Museum Expedition at Beisan, with their important historical results, are well known to the readers of the American Journal of Archaeology. The first Expedition in which the University Museum joined hands with the British Museum, has already achieved its fifth campaign. Both were strongly advocated by Dr. Gordon. The publication of material from former expeditions in Mesopotamia were not neglected. Over twenty two volumes in the Babylonian section have been published [or are printing] under his Directorship, presenting to the public the choice material from the Nippur collections. There is a growing demand at home and abroad for the:
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2TELEGRAMS, \"AQUILÃ, LONDON\"TELEPHONE Nos REGENT 4024 & 4025ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB,ST. JAMES'S STREET,S.W.the morning of the 20th inst. he visited the U.S. Consulate-General and demanded an advance in cash; when the consul demurred he threatened violence and also stated that in view of his treatment by the U.S. authorities he wished to change his nationality. He refused the loan of 2/6d for breakfast (he had said that he was starving) and drove to the British Museum where he saw Dr. Hall of the Egyptian Department and Mr. Sidney Smith, a member of the Joint Expedition: the latter gave him lunch and lent him £1 (which must have been expended in the fare of a cab which he had retained throughout the whole morning) but he made no effort to obtain funds, as he easily might have done. The management of the St. James' Hotel, finding that he had not obtained money as he had promised to do, raised objections and in view of his behaviour took him to be intoxicated and asked him to leave - eventually they did offer him his room for another night bur he refused it and went elsewhere. Mr. Hunter told me that he was perfectly sober but still suffering from the effects of his sea voyage, as he:
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2The only archaeological discovery made at Ur on the site since my last report was that of a foundation-deposit of Ur-Engur (in Dr. Hall's building \"B\") containing a fine but uninscribed bronze statuette of the kanephoros type. The Iraq government has in it its share of the objects taken the diorite statue of Enannatum, but allows this to be carried to England for further study. Apart from this serious loss, the Expedition comes out well on the division; we retain all but two of the inscribed and all but one of the decorated vases and vase-fragments in alabaster and other stones; we also have the gold statuette and the gold figurine of a ram, far the best examples of goldsmith's work found. All the best of the inscribed door-sockets, except one of the duplicate pair of Gimil-Ilishu, were allotted to us. I have kept the bulk of our large series of terracottas, including all the interesting types. All inscribed objects are being brought home for study, including the share of the Iraq Government.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient servant,[signature] C. Leonard WoolleyDirector of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the University Museum, Philadelphia, to Mesopotamia.:
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2the solidity of its construction is astonishing, and some of its details are absolutely new and strange to us.The approach to the temple and through it to the Ziggurat seems to have been from the south-east, beyond the limits yet reached by our excavation Here there is an open court across which runs diagonally a causeway built of kiln-fired bricks -- the curious round-topped bricks characteristic of the period -- with bitumen for mortar; steps led up from this through a door in the mud-brick wall and through a long chamber and down more steps to the open terrace on which stood the ziggurat. The passage-chamber is one of six lying side by side and opening on to the terrace; their walls, more than seven feet thick, are of unbaked brick, their floors, raised high above the terrace level, are of burnt bricks set in bitumen and covered with a [word xed out, and heavy written above] coat of the same material; the surprising thing is that these floors are fifteen courses of brick thick. What was the reason for this extravagance? An ordinary pavement consists of a single layer of bricks; so solid a block of masonry as this, wholly unnecessary as a floor, can only be due to some religious purpose. Nor is this the only curious feature. In the courtyard, the floor of which, on either side of the causeway, was of clay whitewashed, there rise two low circular constructions of burnt bricks set in bitumen and covered with bitumen, the sides neatly rounded off in a curve to the floor, which [word xed out] one would normally regard as column-bases -- in fact on one of them there remain a few bricks radially set which might be the beginning of the shafts: but the circles are thirteen feet in diameter, and it is difficult to imagine such huge columns in a temple of 3000 B.C. Close to them is a small basin sunk in the floor, also built of bitumen and brick, and since this must:
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2To make my meaning more clear to you and to illustrate my own opinions, the following observations may suffice.A. Volunteer assistants in the sense of unpaid associates may sometimes be allowed to join an Expedition under suitable circumstances. It is best, however, that such assistants should be paid a small stipend for their services.B. Women, as such, whether married or single, are not disqualified for membership on an expedition. They may be, when properly qualified, attached to an expedition on the same terms as men.You will understand that these are my personal views and represent our practice in the Museum.Thanking you for the pains which you have taken to write me without reserve, I remainVery sincerely yoursMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYc/o The British MuseumLondon, England:
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2Under heading D £. s. d.The figure entered for moneys handed byUniversity Museum to Legrain is ............ 484. 11. 7.The actual amount handed D. Legrain was Travelling expenses .... £143.14.11 Salary ................. 359. 6.11 ... 503. 1. 10.The total funds available for Season 1925-26according to Director's reportare entered as ............................. 4807. 19. 9.The total funds available for Season1925-26 according to records of the University Museum are ...................... 5051. 10. 0.Director's report shows deficit forSeason 1925-26 amounting to ................ 363. 18. 8.Deficit shown on statement made upfrom Museum records amounts to ............. 91. 13. 7.:
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2Ur, about 2200 B.C., both series being business records of the Temple.As well as tithes, the God as landowner received either rent or a part share in the produce of the soil, and since money was unknown these were all paid in kind; and since the temple was also a fortrees enormous quantities of food stuffs were stored within it, ready to serve meet the normal requirements of the temple staff but also to act as a reserve in case of war. For everything that was brought in a receipt was given, a little clay square carefully dated recording that so-and-so has paid in six pounds of butter of the best quality, so many bushels of barley, so much oil, sheep, cattle or what not; and every month a full balance-sheet of all returns was drawn up with parallel columns showing ever farmer's contribution under separate headings. Just below the Ziggurat terrace there is a very large building exactly like the modern khan of the Near East, with a great courtyard surrounded by store-rooms and with living quarters above its main gate; there is already some evidence for supposing that this was the Ga-nun-makh, the Great Storehouse, and it is easy to picture the countrymen driving in their donkeys laden with sacks of corn and piled baskets of cheese and butter and round-bottomed oil-jars, crowding the courtyard, weighing and counting and disputing the tally, and and going off at last with the clay receipt of which a duplicate had been duly filed by the chief clerk in his office over the gate. The Baghdad Customs House today must bear a very fair resemblance to the Great Storehouse of Ur four thousand years ago. While the farmers and cowmen paid in country produce, the townsfolk used another currency; there are receipts for all sorts of hides, for gold and silver from the jewellers, for copper from the smiths; and in one of the store chambers we find a furnace for melting copper, big jars full of copper scrap, and ingots of the metal presumably of some standard weight. But if the revenues of the temple are carefully recorded, the outgoings are not less scrupulously checked, and these are just as illuminating for the life of the time. Naturally the temple officials drew their rations from the stores, and the issue vouchers were all preserved in the registry; every man had his regular allowance of foodstuffs, flour and oil, etc., for which he or his servants had to sign, and special issues were made in cases of sickness. But the most interesting records are those of the industrial side of the establishment. Numbers of women devotees were attached to the temple, and these were employed in regular factories; there were slaves similarly employed, and piece-work was given out to others who had small workshops outside the temple precincts, and all these had to be supplied with the raw materials and with the food which was their wage. The main industry was weaving. In the building E-kar-zida alone 165 women and girls were kept at work, and we have the monthly and yearly accounts of the quantitiy of woollen thread supplied to each, and of the amount of cloth produced, each sort distinguished by quality and weight with due allowance for the wastage of thread in weaving. The rations are in proportion to the output, the older women receiving less than the young ones who would have larger appetites and could do better work, no more, in fact, than3 1/N:
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2useful if it gave information that would help to define future pro-grammes. We chose a spot on the north-east side of the enclosure xxxxwhere conditions seemed favourable to quick results and set all ourmen to work: in the ten days that remained of the season an astonish-ing amount was brought to light.[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"10\" opens here and includes the rest of the text on the page] The fortifications of the city were, naturally enough, repaired orre-organised a number of times; the earliest work that we have founddates to the Third Dynasty of Ur (2300 B.C.) and is probably due to the founder of the dynasty, Ur-Engur, who explicitly claims its construction; wehave reconstructions and additions by kings of Larse (circ. 2000 B.C.)by Kuri-Galsu of Babylon (1400 B.C.) and by a later king whom we havenot yet identified. Ur-Engur's wall seems to have consisted of twoparts, a lower wall of crude mys brick and an upper wall of burntbrick of which, in the section cleared by us, nothing at all remains.But the mud-brick wall is an amazing structure. It stood some twentysix feet high, its back vertical, its outer face sloped back at anangle of forty-five degrees, and at its base it measure no less than seventy-five feet in thickness! Really it served the purpose of anearth rampart along the top of which ran the well proper, but it wasitself built entirely of bricks carefully laid. Behind it the floorlevel was raised about twelve feet above that of the plain outside,though whether this was continuous over the city area or was in thenature of a platform back against the wall we cannot yet say; judg-ing from surface indications the former would seem to be the case. The sloped mud face of the wall must have suffered badly from weather and it was twice re-inforced with revetments which added anothereighteen feet to the wall's thickness; the authorship of these isstill uncertain, but the first addition may well have been due to the:
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2Your request that Dr. Legrain's salary be not charged to the Expedition is new, for you are wrong in supposing that the salaries of Mr. Sidney Smith and Mr. Gladd were not charged against the Expedition. Last year the original fund of the Expedition stood as follows. Your general estimate, omitting Mr. Gadd's salary £4,000. Mr. Gadd's salary 215. ------ £4,215.To meet your proposal this year, the funds appropriated to the Expedition would have to be as follows. Your general estimate, omitting Dr. Legrain's salary £4,250. Dr. Legrain's salary 397.10 --------- £4,647.10As I understand your letter you propose that this sum be regarded as the proper sum to be placed to the credit of the Expedition for the year 1924-25, if possible. If it should prove to be impossible to increase the grant above the present figure of £3,000. you will endeavor to adjust the year's operation to that scale of expenditure.There is a disagreement between your statement concerning the division made by Mr. Gadd and Dr. Legrain and Dr. Legrain's report to me on the same subject. It appears to be your understanding that the division was finished. Dr. Legrain, on the other hand, has reported that the certain copper bulls were not included in the division, neither those some of these are in relief nor those and some are in the round. I feel that it is important that you should examine into this and report to the two Museums before you leave London.Dr. Legrain will sail from New York on the 17th of this month on the S. S. FRANCE to Marseilles. He will sail from that port on October 1st on the S. S. LOTUS and will meet you in Baghdad on the 25th of October. I believe that he expects to be a week in Egypt before travelling across to Baghdad. Dr. Legrain will carry funds to pay his travelling expenses as far as Baghdad where he will hand you his accounts. You will find Dr. Legrain a scholar whose services will be of value to the expedition and a gentleman who will be agreeable as an associate;:
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3 Numbers of the Museum Journal, the Quarterly Magazine which he originated in 1910. The two first pages of the first number of the Journal where he expressed his ideas about: \" A new departure, the growth of the Museum, Reorganization.\" are worth reading. They contain a far sighted program to which the big changes brought about in the world by the war have given a strange consecration. When we realize how leading foreign institutions like the British Museum and the Louvre organize more and more an intelligent and popular service and guidance of the public through their collections, we can only admire how the same program was ripe in the mind of Dr. Gordon as early as 1910. His ambition was a service not only interesting to the specialist but profitable to the public. He kept faithful to it. [<stike> His ambition was a service not only interesting to the specialist but profitable to the public. The last important act of his Directorship was </strike.] The opening in May 1926 of the Eckley Brinton Coxe Junior wing of the Museum, with some of the finest and unique collections from Egypt, Assyria, Ur of the Chaldees, and Beisan, was the last important art of his Directorship.L. LegainFeb 18 1927:
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3 rue de chartres Neccily s/ Seine Paris June 29th 24Dear Doctor Gordon. I recieved early last week your letter of June 12th. I certainly enjoy myself and had a pleasant trip. You ought to try it. I saw Mr. Maurice Nachman Friday 27th at the Grand Hotle. His collection is part in Egypt part in Paris. In Egypt he has still a fine line stone group of the IVth Dyn. With inscription-Pyramid style(Kheops)-from Memphis about .50 high-My sketch is precisely from memory-Price about 450.000 Francs-at \"Kelekian 2 rue castiglione private collection-Price $25 or 20.000I called on both, Sheid and Thureau Dangin and mentioned your name and compliments-There is now in the Louvre a department of plasters cast where you can acquire for the Univ Mus. any copy of Sumerian, Babylonian or Assyrian monument you desire. I could not find room in the Safford or Hyde. P. Hotel, but mo2 word of welcome, and cause he will provide for one. I will fly over Tuesday 1st July and spend a few days in London. and write to you as soon as I see the collection and work to be doneYours most sincerelyL. Legrain:
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3<Thackeray Hotel>and pushing it over to the next man, and asking Dr H.R.H. [between ?] time to decide as if afraid of taking risks or losing the good piece - You would believe a boxing contest.S. after working for two days announced that he was going next week on his vacation. Dr H. marked a point by inviting us all at dinner on Sept. 25th.Alltogether the business is satisfactory and just what I expected and we are fairly treated, but it will take some time and patience.Tentatively we made two groups of the main objects of this year collection.A) The mosaic stela & The harp with the [bull head: deleted] calf's head in gold with blue beardB) The bull's head in gold (with blue beard:
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3. C( hand written)to make photographs and measured drawings which render possible the exact reprod-uction of these astonishing objects. The upright of the harp is capped and boundwith gold and the twelve keys are of copper with gilt heads; the sounding-box isadorned with mosaics and has in front a series of shell plaques engraved with my-thological scenes, and (word struck through illegible) is finished off with a large head of a calf ingold with hair and great formal beard of lapis lazuli. The chariot is still moreornate. Not only are its outlines all emphasised by bands of mosaic, but the upper rail is decorated with twelve heads of lions and bulls in gold, the body has oneither side three gold lions' heads with waving manes of lapis and shell, from thefront uprights project panthers; heads of silver, and two more silver(word struck through illegible)heads,this time of lions, adorn the from bar; it is indeed a regal chariot. It was drawnby two asses(the horse was not know in Mesopotamia until fifteen hundred years later) whose bodies lay in front of it on either side of the pole; they wore collars of copper decorated with an eye pattern. On the pole was a rein-ring, of silver,surmounted by an electrum figure of a donkey which as a piece of realistic art isunsurpassed by any sculpture yet found in this country.The grave belongs to the oldest series, thought it need not come very early in that series, i. e., it need not be earlier than 3,500 B. C. and might be a centurylater: the character of the objects so closely resembles that of those (word struck through illegible) be-longing to Mes-kalam-dug that one might well assume the two graves to be strictlycontemporary were it not also true that conventions persisted so long as to makethe purely stylistic argument dangerous. In any case we can say that this periodwhich until last year was completley unknow to archaeology is no illustrated byexamples of art unrivalled by those of any later period in Mesopotamian history.:
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3. fronted by a colonnade; the whole was whitewashed. Above this rose the terrace on which stood the ziggurat isolated and huge. The lower part was all painted black; the three staircases ran up to the centre of the main stage a great doorway at the top of the main stage which here, in its centre, was higher than at the two ends, so that all the lines, the actual side walls of the ziggurat with their slight batter, the parapet with its sharper break, and the steep-pitched converging stairs, all led the eye upwards and inwards; over the black parapet showed the upper terrace of bright red brick, and on the top of all the shrine built of glazed bricks of brilliant sky blue. The scheme both of colour and line has been carefully thought out; the vertical lines of the white columns below, the converging lines against the black mass of the first stages of the tower, the plain red step leading up to the blue shining cube of the shrine, all contribute to the effect, and make of the ziggurat of Ur an architectural monument worthy of our admiration. and of Nabonidus' pride.The new buildings whereon the king of Babylon relied for the perpetuation of his name did not last long, and today they are a sorry ruin; luckily enough remains for to establish their original character (though few but Mr. F. G. Newton, who fortunately was the architect of the Expedition, could have solved all the riddles of the scanty walls and broken floors), and, though the upper part has suffered much, though the shrine has wholly disappeared and of the stepped terraces but little has survived, yet the massive base with the triple staircase of that Ur-Engur built more than four thousand years ago is the most imposing of the ancient monuments of Iraq.:
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3. The main cemetery may safely be placed between 3500 B.C. (or rather earlier) and 3200 B.C.; making all allowances for local conditions the rise in levels demands at least two hundred years, and, with a margin for error at either end, the period suggested by the round figures given must be approximately correct. The written records found by us are few; the tablets contain little information, but we have recovered the names of three kings of Ur who reigned in the era assigned by the King Lists to the fabulously long-lived rulers of Erech: one of the cylinder seals giving this information was found loose in the soil, the other was in a grave which was not rich enough to have the appearance of a royal grave, though it did contain a toilet-set, tweezers and stiletto, of solid gold. A royal monument may well be represented by the fine fragment of a stela (pierced for fixing to a wall) of which I send a photograph; it seems to be a scene from the funeral procession of a king whose empty chariot, drawn by lions, is being led to the cemetery, - though of course it might also be interpreted as a religious procession and a chariot as the car of a god. The piece was found high up in the soil, close to the remains of the pre-First Dynasty building. Fragmentary as it is, it ranks with the Kish inlays as one of the best monuments of the prehistoric art of the country.The graves continue to produce quantities of gold objects. The finest pieces are a pin 0.21m long of solid gold with lapis lazuli head, a cloisonne pendant set with lapis and carnelian, worn on a belt between large square lapis and gold beads, a diadem formed of two lengths of imitation chain in gold with large lapis and gold beads over the forehead, a gold medical spoon, the gold toilet-set mentioned above, a very find lapis cylinder seal set in gold, a necklace of lapis beads with gold flowers and leaves, gold chains, a delicate gold filigree pendant, a pair of large but coarse lunar ear-rings, a necklace of triangular gold spacers strung up with six rows of very small lapis and carnelian beads, two large and ornate silver filigree buckles, and any quantity of beads of various types.:
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3. [3 in pencil and circled in right hand corner]als in gold over a bitumen core; the workmanship is much inferior, butthe parallel is very striking.I must report one most successful piece of excavation work A very interesting discovery was that of another harp. Twoholes in the soil were noticed by a workmen and after examination werefilled by me with plaster; the earth was then cut away and more plasterwork was done whre [sic] the decay of woodwork had left hollows: the result was a complete cast of a wooden harp decorated with a copper head of a bull; on further clearing (for purposes or photography we were able to) exposed the remains of the actual gut strings, mere hair-lines of fibrous white dust but, even in the photograph, perfevtly [sic] clear as the ten stringsof the instrument. It was the more interesting as this is a harp not of the type of that found in Shub-ad's grave but resembling those figured onthe shell plaque from the gold bull's head found last year and on the\"standard\", which the strings attached by tieing (not by metal keys) to a horizontal beam.The grave with the ruined harp of the type of Shuyb-ad's also produced a silver bowl, unfortunately in very bad condition, decorated with a design of wild goats in repousse work walking over mountains represented in the conventional way by engraved lines; this is the first example that we have found of this technique in silver. Another technical novelty was given by the imprint on mud of a piece of wooden furniture, itself completely decayed, decorated with engraved designs (the engraved lines filled with colour as in the case of shell plaques) and with carving in low relief; the possibility of ever finding the actual wooden objects preserved is so small that evidence of their character is the more interesting.[NB the whole page has been marked with a pencil line along the left hand side and the number 13 written next to it]:
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3.26 [encircled]covered with minute lapis beads lay an object which is perhaps the most important that we have yet found. It is best described as a stela, made of wood, fifty centimetres long and twenty centimetres high and about four centimetres thick; both sides and the ends are covered with mosaic. On each side there are three registers divided and bordered by a minute diamond pattern in white, red and blue; each register has a row of human or animal figures silhouettes in white shell against a lapis lazuli backbground, the internal details of the figures being rendered by engraved lines filled in with black or by red inlay. The subject on one side is the Sumerian army on the march, footsoldiers and chariots; on the other side there is a banquet scene, the king and his family seated in the top register, in the others servants bringing the materials for the feast, driving up cattle, carrying fish and so on. I regret that I cannot send photographs of this remarkable piece. As it lay in the ground the upper face (the army scene) was almost intact and only at one end of the middle register had the mosaic been seriously displaced by a stone which had been forced through it ( the wood had of course decayed away and there was nothing to keep the tesserae in position). This face had to be waxed and bandaged bit by bit as it was exposed. The lower face had suffered more severely, and part of it came away with the front panel; this can of course easily be replaced and the whole can be restored, but the work is such as [undecipherable] should not be attempted under field conditions. But I see no reason why the stela should not be turned out in perfect condition, and in general interest it will I think, rank above any Sumerian antiquity known. I hope that at the division it may fall to the lot of the Joint Expedition.I would suggest that the discovery of the object should not be made public until adequate photographs can be made of it, but that is naturally a matter which I leave to your discretion.:
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3.a design without inscription or a long and apparently impersonal in-scription filling the whole seal.3) Many of the jar-sealings are stamped with circular impressions, some-times plain, sometimes having a decorative element, most often a rosetteof the kind represented in the graves. It is certain that in many casesat least these stamps were made with the end of the cylinder (sometimespierced, sometimes apparently unpierced).4)/ A large number of jar-sealings in SIS.4 instead of being sealed wereincised or scratched with various markings. For the most part there arenot known signs and can hardly have been intended as signs, but a cer-tain number are evidently significant.A small number of seal-impressions from a stratum apparently lowerthan SIS. 4 make SIS. 5: the material is not sufficient to characterisethe stratum.The pit now being sunk deep in the western corner of the excavationhas cut a number of lower strata; the objects from these have been grouped as SIS.6, SIS.7, and SIS. 8.The seal-impressions, at least in the two latter, seem to shew asregards the representation of living beings a change in the directionof greater freedom and naivete. \"Geometrical\" patterns and like werehowever already as common as they were later. Fortunately the lowest of these strata is the richest; here we areearlier by five \"seal-impression-strata\" than the prehistoric cemeteryand everything is of interest. One piece for instance shews a bold re-presentation of a house or gate with 8 posts and pointed roof.We have in all about 550 seal-impressions.The under part of the seal-impressions shews that the clay was af-:
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3.a much damaged but still fine head of a small steatite statue of abearded god dating to about the eighth century B.C.) all relics ofbuildings of the earlier historic periods had been destroyed and thesite dug out and re-filled with rubbish; between the foot of the Zig-gurat and the back of the wall of the Neo-Babylonian court of theNannar temple there was not a vestige of standing wall, but on thecontrary brick rubbish with mixed material of the dates of the ThirdDynasty of Ur, of the Larsa age and of Kuri-Galzu went down for twoand a half metres and only came to an end on a very solid floor orpacking of plano-convex mud bricks at that depth. This floor, abouttwo metres thick, was bounded on the NW by a wall running out fromthe line of the NW face of the Ziggurat and on the NE by a very heavywall parallel with its front facade; outside this a parallel withit was a yet more massive wall (three and a half metres thick) prob-ably of the s me date, for the bricks were similar and the foundationsof the two lay at the same level, 5.20m. below the foundations of Ur-Engur's Ziggurat. These walls are presumably of the First Dynasty ofUr and are the terrace walls of the Ziggurat of that date. From 5.20m.to 8.00m. we encountered stratified sand with very little pottery; ateight metres' depth there came the foundations of mud brick walls a-gainst either face of which lay quantities of slender clay cones withpainted ends and disks of black stone having copper wire attachmentsbehind; these are for wall decoration such as that found by Loftus atWarka and subsequently by the German expedition there; the spatial in-terval separating them from the foundations of the plano-convex brickwalls above is most important for their relative dating. We have now:
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3.ably well preserved, in the courts the water-tank and stela-bases and altars, in the sanctuary the stepped altar, in the fore chambers the seats, bases and minor altars set against the walls. The most surprising feature of all is perhaps the temple kitchen; here we have the well, by it the bronze holdfast let into the pavement for securing the bucket-rope, and by it the bitumen-lined water-tank; the brick table, the querns, and two complete cooking-ranges with circular flues and heating-holes, and with steps up onto the top of the range so that the servants might get up to move the cauldrons. Another striking feature was an [indecipherable] isolated block surrounded by corridors and consisting of three narrow chambers with doorways affording a somewhat tortuous access to the central chamber. In this there was set up a large limestone stela simply inscribed with the titles of king Bur-Sin and the dedication of the temple; at the foot of this there were two large gypsum stelae, round-topped and bearing a similar inscription, laid face downwards and embedded in the bitumen pavement: I can only suggest that this was a shrine in which was conducted the cult of the deified founder of the Third Dynasty temple.Of Bur-Sin's temple we have at least the greater part of the ground-plan, for it was faithfully followed by the Larsa kings and their burnt-brick walls rest almost invariably on the well-preserved mud-brick walls of the Third Dynasty.If the results of the month's work have been satisfactory from the point of view of the history of the temple and the architecture of the Temenos, and I venture to think that they have been eminently so, from the point of view of objects we have been no less fortunate. In my last report I spoke of the numerous objects found in fragments on the temple floor: further discoveries, and the fitting together of pieces already unearthed, have given us a fine collection of which I illustrate some of the best specimens. To the throne dedicated by Enanatum there have been added fragments of the finely carved figure of the goddess Nin-Gal, al-:
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3.altar front; one was reminded of a ritual text in which the worshipper enumerates the \"seven sweet-scented oils which I have put upon seven fires\", for it was clear that over the channels there were set vases of oil whose contents would trickle down into the separate fires beneath. [W/T?]hen the Elamites conquered Ur and brought the Third Dynasty to an inglorious end they did not spare the tombs of the kings; every vault has been dug in from above and every altar more or less pulled up; in each of the doorways opening on the central court we found fragments of thin gold plate which had once adorned the doors, and in one a twisted bit of [chest/sheet?] gold set with shield-shaped tesserae of lapis lazuli, part of the rich veneer which [xxxx] encased the walls. Today we have only a shell of bricks and bitumen, robbed of all its old splendour; but though the treasures have gone and the tombs have been rifled, what survives is a magnificent monument, as powerful a witness to the greatness of the Third Dynasty as is the Ziggurat itself.One of the two annexes built by king Bur-Sin one is a smaller edition of his father's work, with the same arrangement of staircases descending to vaults below the chambers, and the same domestic ground-plan of court and encircling rooms; the second, less regularly built, conceals a single great tomb approached from a pit under the courtyard. Had either of them stood alone, we should have hailed it as one of the finest illustrations extant of the builder's craft under the Third Dynasty; as it is, though dwarfed by Dungi's huge work with its nine-foot walls and yawning shaft they are yet one of the most impressive buildings we haveyet unearthed.:
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3.and exposed the pavement of Ishme-Dagan (c.2100 B.C.). On the outside, on the the NE., we have removed the \"kisus\" and other works of Nabonidus and Sinbalatsu-ikbi and have laid bare the pavement of Ishme-Dagan and have thus obtained the original connection of the two buildings E-dublal-makh and E-nun-makh; at the same time it has been possible to trace exactly what was done by Kuri-Galzu when he levelled the older walls, strengthened their foundations, and built on them the walls which now stand to a height of ten or twelve feet. On the SE front we are in process of clearing the big court which underlies that of Nabonidus down to the Kuri-Galzu level. Here we have a paved court in front of the building, which at a height of about six feet is set back on a \"kisu\" or re-inforcing block of masonry decorated like the building itself with vertical double grooves. The door of the building thus stood high above the court, and access to it was obtained by a flight of shallow steps on one side which led up to the top of the \"kisu\" which formed a platform with a parapet wall along the whole front of E-dublal-makh. The floor of the inner room, where probably stood a great statue of Nannar, was at a considerably higher level, and therefore commanded the courtyard: altogether it forms a most impressive monument, and the various inscriptions found enable us to recover its history in remarkable detail.Various circumstances encouraged me to extend operations, at least so far as the upper levels were concerned, over the whole area of the buildings surrounding the Neo-Babylonian courtyard. The work has proved most interesting and remunerative.Mud-brick buildings of the time of Nabonidus were found standing to a considerable height on either side of E-dublal-makh (v. last report); to the E. and SE. these were completely destroyed, but along the remainder of the NW. and the SW. sides of the courtyard the walls were standing at least a few inches high and the paved floors were well preserved. In the first room excavated on the SW., under less than a foot of rubbish, we found a very large stone mace-head and a \"kudurru\" or boundary stela of the Kassite period (see plates)and two foundation-cones of Kudur-Mabug, one with a new text. Then there came to light a curious drum-shaped clay object inscribed by a scribe of the time of Sinbalatsu-ikbi with a record of excavations carried out at Ur and a copy of three of the inscriptions on Third Dynasty bricks (referring to statues set up by Bur-Sin - we apparently have the original of one of these) discovered in the course of the work. Other objects were found, all of widely separatel periods, and it seemed hardly an exaggeration to regard the building as a small museum of antiquities. Thenthere were tablets, those of late date being school exercises, a part of a syllabary endorsed as \"the property of the boys' school\", and two examples of what appear to be abaci for teaching arithmetic, but may be gaming boards. Clearly the ruined building had served more purposes than one. Later bricks of Nabonidus were found in situ identifying the place as the cloister built for the priestess of Nannar, i.e., for Bel-Shalti- Nannar the King's daughter whose consecration to office is known to us from a cone of Nabonidus at Yale.:
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3.bates etc. allowed to the Expedition because it was regarded as representing theBritish Museum, had a cash value of £1200: in 1923-4 the same totalled about £980.In later seasons I did not trouble to make out the account; the contributions dim-inished, I know, but they were still considerable. I mean that if the Expedition hadbeen purely American, the first season would have cost £1200 more than it did, andeven so there are many forme of help given to us now which we should not getotherwise; help the absence of which would mean more expense though one cannot reckon it in cash.I tell you this by way of explanation - I am not suggesting going back at all onthe past; but in a less degree the facts hold good for the present. Should consider-ation of them make it more easy for you to agree to the relinquishing of the £500 already paid in the Joint Fund, excellent, for all that I am after is the cash re-quired for our work. But should you feel that the agreement ought to hold strictlygood and that Philadelphia ought not to appear as contributing more than does London, then I suggest that at least I might enter on the Joint account as part of the Brit-ish Museum's contribution those economies which are actually due to it: in this waythe joint fund would receive from Philadelphia a corresponding sum, and though I donot know precisely how much that would be, yet it certainly would be enough to eke out our season to some extent.Let me see, off-hand, what I could fairly put down.Rebate from the Messageries Maritimes for Government service, £15. 10. 0. Rebate from Nairn's, as contribution to B. M. £12. 18. 0.Strick's, free carriage of antiquities from Basra to London, £65. (minimum)Basra Port, free embarkation etc. of same, £7. 0. 0.Iraq Railways, rebate on freight and special rates £24. 0. 0.Royal Air Force, free boxes for packing, £55. 0. 0.:
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3.blue and black glass, \"Phoenician\" work of about 1400 B. C., found in a Kassite grave (it was broken in antiquity and incomplete, but has been restored: incidentally the discovery of glass rods with pincer-marks at one end has proved that this technique was practiced also at Ur itself), a pilgrim-flask of light blue glaze, also Kassite, a copper adze of the Isin period and a few small gold and silver trinkets. [Note, penciled \"|\"] But the outstanding discovery was that of the tablets. A few more of these turned up in the same room as produced last season's hoard: high up inone of the streets was another collection, perhaps the contents of a large store-jar: No. 7 Quiet Street gave us the best results of all. Here, on a mud floor of the Larsa period and underneath a wall of a Kassite house, in a heavily burnt stratum, there were unearthed between thirty and forty large tablets, which, having been baked by the fire which destroyed the building, were in remarkably good condition; in the next room were a number more (not baked), and below the mud floor in and near the door of a small chamber with a shelf along two of its sides which had probably been their original storage-place were many more tablets of a slightly earlier date. [Note, close of penciled bracketing labelled \"4\" in the margin] Individual tablets occurred fairly frequently in the houses.Of the majority of these no examination has yet been possible as they havefirst to be fired and cleaned and the weather conditions have held up the firing; [Note, opening of penciled bracketing labelled \"5\" in the margin] only of the set of accidentally baked tablets can anything be even provisionally said. They include hymns, one addressed to Rim-Sin, records of pious foundations by various Larsa kings, the text sometimes in part reproducing known texts on the building-cones of the kings, lists of words and phrases, tables of square and cube roots and lists of solid or liquid measurements; on one archaic tablet, not yet sufficiently cleaned to be wholly legible, there is mention of an otherwise unknown kingof Ur, possibly one of the rulers of the Second Dynasty of the city. Amongst the tablets which have yet to be fired there are a number which appear to be of a literary character, and it is likely that the collection is by far the most important4:
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3.BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.1carefully upon this question, and try to form a scheme by which the Catalogue would be useful and imformative, while being (as I think it must, in view of bulk and expense) very drastically curtailed.Yours Sincerely,C. J. Gadd:
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3.BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.Imoney, to the best possible advantage, and to make the volume as good as the funds allowed. Until some advance had been made in preparing the volume for Press it was impossible to foretell its scoop and to obtain an estimate of cost; consequently I was content to leave all money in Philadelphia, especially as the pound sterling was falling. In June 1932 I asked for £500 on account of current expenses; I did not give any account of these, but the transfer was made, as I anticipated, without any demur.In July 1932 I obtained a rough estimate for the work of printing and publishing which was satisfactory in that it allowed me full scope for the adequate treatment and illustration of my material. It shewed a maximum expenditure of £6550, which was rather more than I hoped but with the then value of sterling was not far beyond the means at my disposal. I waited until the pound sterling had reached what I believed would be about its lowest level, at which rate of exchange the balance of the $25,000.00 after paying Miss Baker would amply cover the total cost, and I wrote and cabled to you asking for the immediate transfer of the balance to the special Publication Fund which I had opened in London; and I informed you that I was starting the actual printing of the book, thereby committing myself to the necessary expenditure.:
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3.But this room was distinguished by having a niche in the end wall and in front of the niche a raised block of brickwork like an altar, and all round this, under the pavement, there lay thick together nearly thirty big bowls containing the bones of little children. There was no Moloch in the Sumerian pantheon to demand infant sacrifice, yet it is hard to believe that within a comparatively short space of time and in a single household thirty babies should die a natural death: can we have here a domestic shrine dedicated to some deity kindly to children whereto friends or relatives might bring their little ones for burial? If so there was in the Sumerian religion of Abraham's time a sentiment more intimately human than the texts would lead us to suppose.C. Leonard Woolley.:
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3.carved in white gypsum, probably the supports for the throne of a god, very remark-able works of art which must date from at least 3000 B. C., and close to these again a little plaque of alabaster, carved on both sides, which though only half of the original work and though almost grotesquely primitive in its carving yet raised our interest to a high pitch. The scene represented is a boat made of reeds tied together with its stern rising high in the air, - or this may be the early artist's convention for shewing the guffah, that corracle-like craft which one can see any day on the Tigris at Baghdad; amidships there is a deck-cabin with an arched roof. On one side of the plaque a man is seen standing at the stern of the boat, a naked figure whose head is unluckily missing, while in the cabin is a pig; on the other side the pig's place is taken by a goose and two fish are hanging against the stern by a string. One could see just such a scene Here is a genre piece illustrating the life of the marsh-dwellers, in this case a prehistoric folk, later in Babylonian history the People of the Sea, today the Marsh Arabs: but the temptation to see more in it than this was too strong: we called it Noah's Ark as soon as it was found, and as the earliest representation of Noah's Ark, the boat of Utanapishtim, the Sumerian hero will take its place amongst the treasures of Ur.:
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3.damp); actually the room walls proper rose scarcely if at all above floor level, which was only just below the modern surface, and therefore deep digging was unnecessary; it was enough to trace the walls by shallow trenches, and in this way it has been possible to work out economically and in a short space of time the entire ground-plan.Lying at the back of a walled courtyard some eighty metres across is the largest building we have found yet at UR, a building which in character and disposition closely resembles the huge Palace of Nebuchadnezzar at Babylon. It is clearly a residential place,with special accommodation for one person of superior importance and similar but smaller quarters for those of less importance: its architectural features are most peculiar, but are parallelled by those of the Babylon palace. The inscriptions on the bricks of the floor shews that it is the E-gig-par of nabonidus. An identical inscription is found on a gatestone in situ on the SW side of the Ziggurat, and on the bricks of the cloister building surrounding Dublal-makh; it has therefore a very wide application. Our difficulty in identifying the Dublal-makh cloister with the headquarters of Bel-shalti-nannar was that the possible living accommodation was too humble for the princess; the explanation would now seem to be that whereas her official duties would be carried out in the temple premises inside the Temenos her residence was this palace lying just outside it and specially built for her; the same name was applied to the whole complex of buildings coming under her immediate jurisdiction. The Harbour Temple lies inside the palace courtyard and may well have served as a private chapel.:
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3.did the youngest smallest children; thus if four pints of oil a day was the standard allowance for adults, children of different ages got two pints, one and a half or one, and the old women one also: for the sick there were special rates; if any one died, her name was kept on the books until the end of the financial year, but the date of death was recorded and an entry made against the name to the effect that thenceforward no rations were to be drawn! Temple servants sent on a journey wre furnished with letters of credit enabling them to get supplies at the towns through which they passed. The whole system was thoroughly businesslike,- cold-bloodedly so, in fact, - and it is hardly surprising that these servants sometimes ran away from their divine slave-owner, so that we find letters issued for their extradition; but thexxxx the records of it, which here I have very briefly summarised, have their dramatic side and wonderfully recreate the life which was led within the [now] ruined walls and courts of the Moon God's Temple.:
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3.done which constructionally was a cross between corbel work and true domical building - each course of bricks overlapped that below it, but the courses were laid not flat but sloped, the slope being accentuated with each course. For the history of architecture this discovery is of the greatest importance. At Nippur the American excavators found a drain dating back to early in the third millennium B.C. roofed with a crudely fashioned brick arch, so crude indeed that it almost might seem accidental: it was the oldest arch known in the world, but it was an isolated phenomenon and might have been an experiment which was never followed up. Now we know that in the fourth millennium corbel vaulting, the true arch and the dome were all familiar to the Sumerian builder and were carried out both in brick and in stone; even the pendentive was employed in domical construction. These architectural forms were late in coming to the western world, but in the East they are found in the earliest buildings of which we have any knowledge.[handwritten note in pencil on left hand side of the page PG 800]Abutting on the back of the vaulted tomb was a second chamber built independently of it and probably at a rather later date; it too was of stone with a brick arched roof, but it was unplundered. The weight of earth had broken down most of the roof (it lay twenty five feet below the modern surface), but the contents were intact.At one end of the chamber were piled the offerings, once set on wooden shelves along the end and sides, now fallen in heaps on the ground and covered with the wreckage of walls and roof. Here were vessels of clay and copper, stone and silver, many of them broken and distorted but others wonderfully preserved; at the other end, on a wooden bier at the head and feet of which crouched the bodies of attendants, lay the body bones of the queen Shub-ad. Her head-dress, worn originally over a great wig, was a marvellous sight as it was laboriously disengaged from stones and earth. Coil after coil of broad gold ribbon surrounded the hair; above these, across the forehead, ran a frontlet of lapis and carnelian beads from which hung heavy rings of gold; higher up was a wreath of big gold mulberry leaves hanging from another string of beads, and:
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3.Dr. Legrain's salary would be nor how much money had been paid to him, and Dr. Legrain himself was unable to inform me. The figure £484.11.7 was supplied to me my the British Museum after my return; it was arrived at in the following way. In Dr. Gordon's letter of Jan. 2. 1926 to Sir Frederic Kenyon he agreed to £2500 as the University Museum's share of the cost of the expedition and said that this sum had now been paid in totally; the details were quoted in dollars and no rate of exchange was given. The pass-book of the Joint Fund shewed cash payments in sterling totaling £1994.0.0.; the credit balance from 1924-1925 was, as agreed between the Directors, £21.8.5.; therefore for the sums paid directly to Dr. Legrain, $700 and $1750, there was presumably left, by simple subtraction, an amount sterling of £484.11.7. This figure I accordingly took from the British Museum records. Obviously, if I am to shew the total cost of the Expedition, I must include the payments made directly by the two Museums, but of course I am not in any way responsible for money which has not passed through my hands and if the information I am given (in this case at second hand) about such payments is incorrect I regret the consequent error in my accounts but cannot blame myself for it. In so far as it affects the relative contributions of the two Museums it must of course be regulated between the two Directors.Difference is due to mistake in exchange GBG letter Jan 2, 1926As regards remittances to the Eastern Bank by the University Museum, the pass-book of the Joint Expedition shews a total of £1869.0.0., and in my accounts I was very careful to make the statement in this form, the pass-book being the measure of my liability; it was not my intention to define thereby the actual contributions of the Museum, which is indeed not my concern. The sum of £125 to which you refer was remitted by Dr. Gordon to the British Museum (not directly to the Eastern Bank) and being paid in by the British Museum is included in the sum of £1659.0.11, the total to date of remittances to the Eastern Bank by the British Museum \"as shewn by pass-book\". For the purposes of Treasury Audit on this side, my statement must needs agree with the state-:
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3.encrusted with shell, lapis lazuli and red stone between bands of gold, the top bar plated with silver; in front of the sounding-box was a magnificent head of a bearded bull in gold and below this shell plaques with designs picked out in red and black. A second instrument of the same type was entirely in silver relieved only by a simple inlay in white and blue and by the shell plaques beneath the silver cow's head in front of the sounding-box. Below these was found a third harp of a different sort: the body, made of silver, was shaped rather like a boat with a high stern to form the back upright; the front upright was supported by a silver statue of a stag nearly two feet high whose front feet rest in a crook of the stem of a plant, made of copper, the long arrow-like leaves of which rise up on each side level with the horns. An exactly similar figure of a stag but made of copper and mounted on a square copper base lay alongside; possibly it was the decoration of yet a fourth harp the body and uprights of which had been of wood, now decayed; unfortunately the copper too was terribly perished, and though we succeeded in lifting it it can never be more than a wreckage of itself, whereas the silver animals, though crushed, are on the whole very well preserved.Another corner of the pit yielded two objects absolutely unique in our experience. - a pair of statues in the round of rampant rams. The heads and legs of the beasts are of gold, the horns and the long hair over the shoulders is of lapis lazuli and the fleece over the rest of the body is of white shell, each tuft carved separately; the belly is of silver. The animal is reared right up on its hind legs, so standing twenty inches high: on either side of it are tall plants whose stems, leaves and large rosette-like flowers are of gold, and to the stems of these the front legs of the ram are tied with silver bands.:
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3.engravings of animals, perhaps from the sides of some jewel-casket, inlaid gaming-pieces, a whip-handle in shell and black stone, and, most remarkable of all, a fragment of a limestone relief- probably the earliest Mesopotamian sculpture known- which may well portray the funeral procession of a prehistoric king. The relief shows a chariot drawn by four lions; it is empty, and the reins are held by a man who walks behind, while another guides the way in front and a third follows carrying some kind of burden: over the car is thrown a leopard's skin and to the front of it are tied spears, a quiverful of arrows and a battle-axe, the panoply, perhaps, of the dead ruler. It is an extraordinarily interesting fragment, and if its subject be rightly interpreted by us gains in interest yet more from the fact that on two of the exquisitely engraved cylinder seals which the cemetery has prodused there are inscribed the names of kings who ruled at Ur- and may have been buried in these very graves- before the city's history began. C. LEONARD WOOLLEY.:
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3.female statue [undecipherable] of early date ever found in Mesopotamia. Of a similar but more finely carved figure we found, unfortunately, only fragments; it represents the goddess Nin-Gal herself and was presented to the temple, as the long inscription in the throne shews, by the High Priest Enanatum, the buildingâs second founder. But before ever Bur-Sin built the mud-brick walls which form the lowest level yet reached by us on the site Nin-Gal had had her temple at Ur, for in the Larsa ruins we have found offerings made long before the days of Third Dynasty. One of these is a lunar disk in alabaster which bears on one face an inscription recording that it was dedicated by the High Priestess, the daughter of Sargon of Akkad who reigned about 2700 B. C., and on the other side a relief illustrating a sacrifice to the goddess in which the chief part is played by a priestess in flowing robes and mitre who can scarcely be other than the princess herself. And as if to shew how conservative was Sumerian religion, we find the same scene reproduced on a limestone plaque which dates from well before 3000 B. C., a complete and [undecipherable] admirable example of the earliest of the earliest art of the country: there are two registers; in the lower a naked priest pours his libation before the door of the shrine, behind him is the High Priestess, robed and crowned, and behind her an attendant carrying a kid for the sacrifice and a second bearing a wreath: in the upper register a man, naked but with long hair, probably the king, pours libation before the seated Moon God, and three small draped figures, perhaps his children, look on from behind.I ended my last monthâs report on an optimistic note; rare sculptures such as those I have described, stone vessels beautiful in themselves and bearing historical inscriptions ranging in date over than fifteen hundred years, vessel of bronze and silver, objects in early faience and inscribed tablets, have justified my confidence in the Gig-Par-Azag temple, and a chance discovery of tombs containing great coffins of hammered and riveted copper added to the monthâs success that touch of the unexpected which is the salt of field archaeology.[Leonard Woolley.]:
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3.fifteen feet high, covered on both sides with finely executed reliefs. On some pieces the stone is astonishingly well preserved, on others its surface has suffered greatly by flaking and the action of salts; the reliefs had been intentionally smashed, and the fragments scattered all over the site (two were found on the other side of the Ziggurat) and those found in the courtyard had been broken up a second time: what we have recovered is only a fraction of the whole, but we have one scene almost complete, important parts of four other scenes, and can reconstruct others from small fragments so as to obtain a very fair idea of the original scheme of the whole relief. Though in the main inscription the name of the king is missing, yet fortunately on one of the minor fragments showing the drapery of a standing figure there is inscribed the name of Ur-Engur, which dates the monument; the stela commemorates the good works of the founder of the Third Dynasty of Ur, his activities in digging canals for the benefit of his subjects and his piety in building the Ziggurat.Obverse. Top Register. On the right, a seated figure of Nannar (only lower art preserved); Probably here belongs another fragment shewing the king in an attitude of adoration facing the god; above his head is a flying angel holding in her outstretched arms a vase from which descend streams of water to irrigate the land; the subject seems to have been repeated, perhaps with an angel for each of the principal canals dug by the king. Second register. On the right and left seated figures of Nannar and of Nin-Gal respectively; in front f each is a tall libation-vase in which are palm-leaves and bunches of dates; behind each vase stands Ur-Engur, pouring a libation of water, and behind him an attendent goddess. The king is clearly meant to be represented as receiving in a vision the divine order to build a ziggurat in honour of Nannar, for the god stretches out to him his right hand in which he holds the measuring rod and line of the architect.Third register. Ur-Engur manifests his obedience to the god's order. Only the top right hand corner of the register survives, showing a minor deity, bearded and wearing the horned crown, who in the regular attitude introduces to Nennar (missing) the king; the king bears on his shoulder the tools of the builder, pick-axe and basket, compasses, the ladle for bitumen and the wooden spreader for mortar(?); behind him comes a shaven priest who with uplifted hand relieves the king of part of the wei weight of the implements.Fourth register. This is represented only by small disconnected fragments of which the most considerable was found in 1923 and is now in Philadelphia. The subject is the actual building of the ziggurat, the wall of which forms the background while the builders climb ladders and carry baskets of martar on their heads.Fifth register. A scene with cattle, details unknown. Reverse. The same as the obverse, with flying angels bringing water. Top register. The same as the obverse, with flying angels bringing:
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3.figured mosaic, unfortunately almost entirely decayed, formed the centre of a further deposit of offerings. Against it were piled stone vases, jars of white calcite or alabaster, great bell-shaped steatite bowls,, a circular pomade-box with close-fitting lid of steatite, two straight-sided pots with carved decoration derived from basket-work, a vase of black and white granite, an oval bowl carved from a large block of obsidian and a spouted cup of lapis lazuli; altogether there were some forty of these. One very charming object was a small semicircular silver box with a lid of inlay work, a lion in white shell engraved with red set against a lapis background; close to this was a little gold toilet set of stiletto and tweezers on a gold ring. There were a few copper tools and weappns weapons, the most interesting being a pair of axes of a very primitive type such as are represented on shell reliefs found at Kish, the long blades of copper and the attachment to the wooden handle of gold; more surprising was a set of gold chisels and a full-size saw also of gold, perhaps the last thing one would have expected to find in that metal. At one end of the box lay a scepter of lapis and gold; amongst the stone vases were two large silver lions' heads, probably the ornaments of a wooden stool; at the other end of the box was a mass of vessels more or less carefully arranged according to material. There were piles of copper bowls and tumblers, one inside the other; facing these were fifteen silver tumblers nested in sets of five, silver bowls, round and oval, also piled together in sets, and a tall libation-jug and a patten, thirty silver vessels in all; and behind these lay four magnificent vessels of gold. One is a lamp of a type know to us already from copper examples, an open bowl with sloped sides and a long trough spout; another is an exquisitely proportioned standard chalice, a third is an oval bowl on a foot with a long curved and tapering spout, its sides ornamented with fluting and engraving, and the last is a tall tumbler also fluted and engraved. These gold vessels must rank with those from the grave of prince Mes-kalam-dug as the finest that have ever been found in Mesopotamia.:
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3.First Dynasty date, a pleasant and characteristic piece of work. I enclose a pho-tograph of this and also of a shell plaque of the same period engraved with a scene of a bull amidst marsh plants, also a very fine example of early art. Whileremoving a Dungi floor in order to follow up a wall of plano-convex bricks we dis-covered immediately beneath the bricks of the pavement five terra-cotta cylinderseleven inches high inscribed with the king's name: they were empty, and I can onlysuggest that these are a degradation of the great inscribed hexagonal cylindersof the Gudea period, which were also found beneath a floor.As our pits and trenches went deeper into the mixed soil work became danger-ous, and two serious accidents were narrowly averted: it became necessary eitherto sweep away all the upper remains before going down further, or to stop work onthe site. I was not ready for the former, as much had still to be done on the plans and notes; the site was so complicated that it had been impossible to keepabreast of the workmen and it was emphatically one where pauses were required todigest results. I therefore started on December 11 to move the men to beginsurface clearing on a new site and by the 14th of the month the whole gang had been shifted. Whether I shall be able to do more work this season on the E-Harsagsite I cannot yet say, but I would emphasize its importance here; the deeper levelsare not likely to produce much in the way of museum objects, but a thorough invest-igation of the prehistoric strata would be of the greatest scientific value, andI know of no mound here which is so well calculated as E-Harsag to illustrate thebeginnings of civilisation at Ur. Its excavation would be costly, but not labourthrown away.The site on which we are now engaged lies between E-Harsag and the Nin-Galtemple south-east of the Ziggurat, and occupies and area measuring about 120 metresby 75 metres; it is the largest single area which we have yet attacked, and overits south-east half the accumulation of debris is very heavy, while over the north-:
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3.floor of the sanctuary; even the door, made of [x] reed panels set in a wooden frame, had left its imprint on the hard soil. The statues of the goddess were neither beautiful nor of fine workmanship, but throughout all our digging at Ur statues have been hitherto few and far between, and only one complete one had come to light; apart therefore from all other interest it possesses the shrine of Pa-Sag ranks high amongst our discoveries. ]C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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3.for the general topography of UR the most important feature yet outstanding, namely the Temenos Walls of the Third Dynasty, Larsa and Kassite periods. It will be remembered that the Temenos Wall found in our first season was that of Nebuchadnezzar; none earlier than that have since been found and even the existence of an earlier Temenos Wall as such began to seem doubtful; to establish therefore the limits and character of the Sacred Area throughout the earlier historic periods would be most satisfactory. On this I hope to report before long with more assurance; as yet I can only hazard a forecast.On the southern site initial progress has been slow. As I knew from work done in 1923-4 a water-course (formed probably soon after the desertion of the city) cut across the Temenos not far from the east corner of the Ziggurat; its deeply eroded channel had been filled with wind-blown sandattaining[there is a handwritten editing mark between the previous two words] a depth of more than three metres, and since part at least of the channel comes within the limits of our work very heavy preliminary clearing was involved. Already where the upper levels are preserved we are beginning to find walls which may be those of the Third Dynasty buildings surrounding the Ziggurat of Ur-Engur; in the more eroded parts all traces of such late periods have vanished and immediately below the sand we encounter heavy walls of burnt bricks and bitumen which date from the First Dynasty and rest on mud-brick walls probably of still earlier date. No objects worth mentioning have been found, but for the history of the site things promise very well.[a handwritten bracket faces the previous word]I enclose a statement of accounts, and trusting that you will be satisfied with my report have the honour to remain, Sir, Your very obedient Servant,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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3.had found only a mud-brick wall two feet thick and some even more flimsy burnt-brick walls belonging to late graves. However [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"7\" opens here] two days' work sufficed to produce the real town wall which has a total width of more than twenty-eight metres and is still standing more than eight metres high: we were able in the few days that remained of the season to follow it in both directions for a distance of over a hundred metres and to establish something of its character and a story. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"7\" closes here] I enclose herewith an article for the Press in which a fuller account of it is given.[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"13\" opens here] Under the floors of the Larsa superstructure there were many tombs of the period, and later graves, mostly of Neo-Babylonian date, were found higher up; these produced a good deal of glazed pottery and a few other objects. From one room we recovered a collection of tablets, apparently business documents in envelopes, of Larsa date: the packing of a drain yielded an unusual object in the form of a fragment of a large store-jar bearing an inscription of Dungi, and in the foundations of the late fort was found a small female head, carved in the round from grey stone, with inlaid eyes, very much in the style of the marble head with inlaid eyes discovered three years ago but small and not quite so good. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"13\" closes here] A provisional plan has been made of the section of the wall cleared by us, but it is obvious that the work ought to be undertaken on a much bigger scale and the entire circuit of the city walls traced.The division of objects with the Iraq Government took five days and was finished on Feb. 24. The division startee with the objects of less importance which were apportioned as equally as possible either by selection or by lot except that of the tablets the bulk:
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3.Handwritten number 4 and bracket round first paragraph.written tablets and clay jar-stoppers bearing the impressions of archaic seals. Not so old as the pictographic tablets of Kish, which we may expect to parallel from the deeper rubbish-strata of Ur, these documents carry us back to a period in the city's existence not yet illustrated by any other class of objects except crude figurines in clay of animals and men from which it would have been impossible to deduce the level of culture attained at the time.Great court of the temple [handwritten with number '5' and bracket round rest of text on document]Work on the Nannar Temple has been of a very different sort and deals with much later dates. The general character of the building was already known from surface clearing; our object this year was to trace the details of its history, and in this we have been eminently successful. Vague fragments of wall were unearthed which belong to about 3000 B.C. and tell of a temple of the Moon god lying at the foot of a smaller and an older Ziggurat than that which we see today. Ur-Engur built the present Ziggurat and laid the foundations of the great temple to the patron diety of his city; the sanctuary lay against the NW side of the tower, the huge outer court formed a lower platform whose containing-walls covered a much wider area than the old temple. [Handwritten bracket] Ur-Engur did not live to finish his work, and his son Dungi built the superstructure, the pylon gateway at the entrance of the temple and the range of chambers which surrounded the courtyard on whose pavement stood the altars or bases of his father and himself and in time of his son Bur-Sin. [Handwritten bracket] After the downfall of the splendid Third Dynasty of Ur a king of Isin filled up half the courtyard with a massive brick structure whose meaning is not yet clear to us, and a later ruler, Sin-idinnam of Larsa:
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3.hope, for below the ruins of this late Babylonian temple are those of a far earlier building of the same character, and though as yet we are busy with the upper levels only, the few trial pits that have been sunk into the lower strata have given more than promises of good results: we have inscribed door-sockets of several periods, inscribed foundation tablets in black and white stone and in copper with texts of Kuri-Galzu and of Warad-Sin of Larsa (2072 - 2060 B.C.) and one of the earliest inscriptions yet found at Ur describing the foundation of the temple by a local governor \"for the life of Utu-Hegal king of Erech\" who was suzerain of Ur before Ur-Engur won his independance and founded, about 2300 B.C., the dynasty which gave to the city its greatest prosperity and its most splendid buildings.:
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3.I am trying to arrange to give a lecture in Baghdad as usual on the season's work; it seems important to do this after the rich finds that have been made, as they have caused considerable excitement in Arab circles and a departure from custom might be misinterpreted. We should leave on February 16 and reach London early in March, shortly before the first cases of antiquities arrive.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report and with the work of the last three weeks which has produced nothing indeed in the way of objects but scientific information essential to the history of the site, I have the honour to remain, Sir, Your very obedient Servant, (signed) C. Leonard Woolley:
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3.I have pleasure in stating that the health of the personnel has been excellent.A report at this early stage of the excavations can hardly be other than jejune, seeing that only preliminary work has been done; but I trust that it will meet with your approval, and I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,:
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3.In the SE annexe the principle tombs are approached by flights of brick steps in a design modelled on the much more imposing approach to the tombs in the Dungi building; it was in one of the former that there was found the Ur-Engur inscription. A curious thing was the discovery in a small corbelled chamber contrived in the thickness of the wall of the Dungi superstructure of two bodies; it almost seems to recall the human sacrifices of the prehistoric kings.The completion of the excavation of the Harbour Temple enabled me to draft men off to work on the town site. The area chosen lies in the SE quarter of the town, between the Temenos and the rampart, on high ground some distance from the En-Ki temple of Rim-Sin. here the remains of the Persian and Neo-Babylonian periods are very slight, but Kassite, Larsa and Third Dynasty buildings are well preserved. Our object here was to get material for the study of town planning and for the further illustrat-ion of domestic architecture, and to find tablets. The houses have proved interesting. While the normal courtyard type of house is constant, we find many modifications and additions in ground-plan; various details also are new. In the domestic shrines we had been puzzled by the invariable presence of a mud-brick pillar against the wall; here we find such well preserved, and they prove to be copies in mud of a wooden panelled table or pillar base; I illustrate one on which much of the whitewash and traced traces of colour survive. But the most important discovery was that of a small chapel about 2000 B.C. standing at a corner of two cross-roads dedicated, as was shewn by a inscribed mace-head. to [xxxx] Par-sag Pa-Sag, the protecting goddess \"viarum desertarum\".* Fallen into the street on one side of the entrance door was a large clay relief, painted red, of a bull-legged demon; the pair to it, which ought to have been on the other side of the door, had* see note:
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3.ing a child to her breast: in some case the figure is of green play with black markings, in others it is of white clay with a wig of bitumen and blobs of red pain on the cheeks. The bodies are well-modelled and very slender except that the shoulders are unnaturally broad, but the heads are astonishing, the face reduced to a grotesque bird-like mask all nose and long slanting eye-slits, the skull elongated to a hideous deformity - clearly convention has been at work here, for the man who fashioned so delicate a body could, had he wished, have produced a human head that would not have been so gross a caricature. Being found in graves the figures must have some religious significance and we must can attribute to a religious motive the anomalous character of these, the earliest sculptures of Mesopotamia.:
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3.inner gatechamber of the main entry two brick pedestals in acavity the brickwork of one of which we found a group of interestingcylinder seals. During all this time successive restorationsleft the level of the court virtually unaltered (the reason for the fragmentary condition of the earlier remains) sothat even the pavement laid down Marduk-apal-iddin in about 1080 B.C.is not twenty centimetres higher than that of the ThirdDynasty; but in the seventh century Sin-balatsu-ikbi rebuilt thetemple and put down a floor of beaten clay half a metre above theolder level. Nebuchadnezzar's repairs, as usual, were more drastic; he raised the courtyard virtually to the level of the ziggurat terrace; he remodelled the sanctuary on that terrace and built a second sanctuary on the SE side of the Ziggurat stairs; in the greatcourt he dug a well, and along the NE side masked the chambers bya curtain wall which in the centre he flung forward and raised soas to bring the inner face of the pylon entrance into the court,the new building being part of the tower and containing a fourthgateway.Inscribed door-sockets were found, but no objects of importance,but the dig has been eminently successful in that we nowhave a fairly detailed and consecutive history of the principal temple of Ur.Work on the graves has proceeded normally. during much of thetime a small gang has been employed in digging down from the surface to astone-built royal tomb of which one corner had been exposed last month.The tomb, which neighbours on PB/779, the largestof those found last year, is of the same size and character it:
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3.is broken by a doorway arched with brick. Along the top of the stone wall a singlecourse of bricks was laid, and from this rise the springers of the arches which formthe vault. Both door and vault are made with true arches; the bricks are plain, notvoussoir-shaped, but fragments of brick or pottery are inserted in the upper partof the joint to secure a radial angle; the vault is simply a succession of such rings.But at the ends of the chamber instead of the arch coming flush against the end wallan apsidal form i produces: the roofing-bricks are laid flat, or rather, on a slightand gradually increasing slope, and are stepped out one beyond the other below it,and, starting with a single brick laid across the corner from wall to wall, the anglesare rounded off and the square end of the room is transformed into a semicircle whoseroof is a half-dome, a mixture structurally of true domical building and corbel work.It results that at the date of these tombs, well[?] back in the fourth millennium, theSumerians were acquainted with the corbel vault, the true arch and the pendentive dome. The discovery that this is so is perhaps more important than that of any of theobjects.Behind the tomb just described there was another chamber built of stone androofed with brick: constructionally it is not part of the same building but is onlyabutted on it: I am strongly inclined to believe that it is slightly later in datethan the first vaulted tomb (though the floor level is rather lower) and is to be connected with the grave areadescribed in my last report; in fact I believe that here we have the missing tombto which what area was an appanage. In that case the plundered tomb is that of the(nameless?) king, the present chamber, unplundered, is that of his queen buried afterhim but as nearly as might be in the same grave, though with an independent shaftand individual sacrifices. The queen is named on her lapis cylinder seal \"Shub-ad\";the seal of one of her grooms inscribed \"Lugal Shag-pad-da\" may identify her husband.The tomb produced a very great number of objects; the cataloguing of these isnot yet complete and many have yet to be photographed, so that my report must be ra-ther summary. There are two plain oval gold bowls, one with a wire handle, one fluted:
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3.levels etc., would imply that in effect the quarter did flourish with comparatively little change for a space of some two hundred years. The houses conform in general to the type familiar to us from our excavation some years ago in another part of the site where the buildings, though slightly later in date, were almost contemporary with these; but this would appear to have been a richer part of the city, judging by the size and quality of its houses. Usually a site such as this produces little in the way of objects, except for inscribed material, but here fortune has been exceptionally kind. At a place where four roads meet we came on a wayside chapel dedicated, as a votive mace-head with an inscription on it informed us, to the little known deity Pa-Sag, \"the protector of desert paths\". It was a small and humble place with a single room on to which opened a tiny sanctuary, but in the sanctuary niche the statue of white limestone stood still in place, a squat little figure broken in antiquity and mended for its re-use in this wayside shrine; in front of the door, fallen perhaps from a brick base against the door jamb, was a limestone pillar with cupped top and its sides decorated with crudely sculptured figures of men and birds; fallen in the main room, with its head broken from its shoulders, there was another limestone statue of the goddess wearing the flounced dress of the period; her eyes are inlaid and yellow paint and criss-cross lines on the top of the head seem to represent such a gold ribbon head-dress as we found in the much earlier graves of the Royal Cemetery. The skull of a buffalo must have adorned the wall; numbers of [xxxxxx] stone mace-heads, two red clay models of beds and one of a chariot were votive objects. In the street outside we found a terra-cotta relief two feet high of the bull-footed demon who is the regular guardian of a door; probably he was one of a pair which once:
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3.lowed in the same way; surface indications have kept us from going far wrong and so wasting labour, and the clear distinction between the mud brick of the walls or the hard soil of the canal banks and the sand which lay against their faces made the work easy. In five weeks we have worked out more than two and a half miles if wall and bank. Wherever buildings survived on the wall they have been excavated, and of the buildings immediately behind the rampart, where such remained, at least the frontage has been dug; in this way we can fix the width of the rampart at differing points and, since the buildings would almost necessarily be parallel to the wall, can confirm the evidence of our trenches and cross-cuts for the wall line. Only two of the buildings call for comment. I have already reported the discovery of a temple of En-ki built by Rim-Sin; the excavation of this is now complete. No further objects were found, but we have an interesting and rather unusual plan: Rim-Sin's temple, as the foundation-inscriptions state, was an enlargement of an earlier building which proves to be the work of Bur-Sin set on the inner edge of the Third dynasty rampart. At some distance from this the discovery of a wall decorated with T-shaped recesses induced us to excavate further back from the wall line than usual and we found a small temple whose courtyard and sanctuary were pav- with bricks of Nebuchadnezzar; the courtyard seems to have been an addition due to that king but the temple proper would be rather earlier, perhaps the work of Sin-balatsu-iqbi: it was built of mud bricks and much of it was ruined down below floor level, but the entire ground-plan was recovered. Under the temple lie the ruins of three other buildings, one above the other, two of which are im-:
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3.magnificent examples of engraved cylinder seals; the best of thesem are of rock crystal with copper caps, and the holes down their centre; instead of being kept free for stringing, are filled in with white and crimson paste making a chevron pa pattern which is visible through the crystal walls. But what most distinguishes these graves from all the others we have dug is their wealth in precious metals; didems diadems and chains, rings and ear-rings, beads and amulets in gold and silver are quite common, and some of them are wonderful illustrations of the art of the early goldsmith; generally the designs are simple and the effect is depends rather on colour than on form, but sometimes there has been preserved to us a real treasure suac as a diadem engraved with figures of men and animals, a statuette of a bull in gold, or a chain of intricately woven links set with lapis lazuli. Already we have such a collection as no previous season has yielded, and only a part of the cemetery has been dug: we can look forward to January's results with a very confident hope.:
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3.Nabonidus restored the ancient sanctuary called Dublal-makh and made it into the temple served by his daughter, Bel-shalti-nannar, the sister of Belshazzar, High Priestess of Ur. In that building we had found evidence of the school kept by the priestesses and of the museum of antiquities which Bel-shalti-nannar maintained; the difficulty had been that there was here no living accommodation adequate to the status of the princess. That difficulty is now solved. The royal priestess had her official duties inside the Sacred Area, the private residence which her father had built for her was this smaller edition of the royal palace at Babylon, lying outside the Temenos but close to its walls and almost opposite to the gateway leading to the Moon god's temple; the principal quarters would be for her own use, the others for that of her followersIn the mean time steady progress is being made on the most important site of all, that whose discovery I announced in a recent report. For the moment we are clearing the superstructure only, the temple in which the worship of the deified kings of the Third Dynasty of Ur was performed above the tombs in which they lay; the timber shoring must all be in place before we can penetrate the vaults which run down into the ground deep below the temple floors where now the tottering roofs make excavation too dangerous to attempt.:
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3.of an apparently important building had induced me to send there Mr. Mallowan with a gang to excavate it. The building, which lies on the edge of the cemetery, was found to be a part - only the north-west end remained - of a large and important structure put up by Sin-idinnam of Larsa: its importance lay in the character of the ground-plan; there could be no doubt that the building had originally been roofed with arches and vaults. Until recently such features would have been considered wholly incompatible with the date 2100 B. C., but the fact that the doors of the private houses of the period were arched and the analogy of the barrel vaults over contemporary tombs justify the assumption of the architectural features which the plan demands. It is also interesting to find that royal buildings exist at a distance of over a mile from the walls of the Temenos; clearly the excavation of the Temenos will by no means exhaust the possibilities of the site of Ur.Trenches cut on either side of the newly found gateway in the NE Temenos Wall failed to discover further buildings, and it appeared that in the later periods at least this corner of the Sacred Area was unoccupied. As the work here drew to an end the gangs were shifted by degrees to E-Nun-Maḫ.When E-Nun-Maḫ was dug in 1922-3 excavation inside the sanctuary was carried down only to the Neo-Babylonian level, since it seemed a pity to destroy the finely preserved Nebuchadnezzar pavements in what was then our show building. Now the time had come for further work. Fresh light was thrown on the history of the temple by four doorsockets, found in situ, bearing inscriptions of Marduk-nadin-ahi, 1117-1100 B. C., a king of whom no record had previously been found at Ur, though his activities fit in well with those of Raman-aplu-idinnam two generations later. More remarkable was the discovery below the pavement of an ivory box-lid with an inscription in Phoenician; I believe this to be the first Phoenician text discovered in Mesopotamia. Also below the pavement we found a whole set of toilet-set in ivory, certainly Phoen-:
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3.of solid gold, the back plain except for two lines of simple beading, but the front entirely covered with an intricate design in filigree. It is in perfect condition, and to see it gradually emerging from the heavy clinging soil was well worth a year's labour. Produced at any date it would have been a marvel of design and workmanship; it is astonishing indeed when we realize that is was actually made nearly 5500 years ago and is one of the oldest known examples of the goldsmith's art.:
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3.of the city's history, though more work must be done before we can assign fixed dates to each stage in the constructions. [hand-drawn bracket, line, '14'written in margin] If we clear the whole circuit of the walled town, as we ought to do, we shall not only have a very wonderful monument - our present work shows that - but for the first time we shall obtain an adequate picture of the system of military defence employed by the great builders of Sumer.C. LEONARD WOOLLEY:
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3.of well-constructed store-chambers. His buildings are on the whole the best preserved, partly because they continued long in use and were constantly repaired; later Kassite kings added to them but for the most part respected the fourteenth-century plan, but gradually the character of the work was obliterated. Already in Kuri-Galzu's day the ground levels outside the terrace had risen three or four feet; the cheap buildings of an impoverished city fell quickly into decay and new house were set up on their debris until the distinction between terrace and town vanished; before the seventh century private houses were invading the Temenos area and the foundations of their walls were laid over the buried ruins of the great wall of the terrace. When Nebuchadnezzar took his work in hand the Temenos was a hollow round which the town rose on low [word x-ed out, irregular typed in above] mounds; while therefore his wall encloses the traditional area it is a new departure and has little relation to the old constructions.Our plan of the surroundings of the Ziggurat which preceeded[sic] that of Ur-Engur has been completed by the discovery of a complete temple of about 3000 B.C. lying against the south-east side of the upper terrace and by the tracing of the retaining-walls of the terrace itself. On three sides, north-west, north-east and south-east, the latter are of more than thirty feet thick, of crude brick faced with unhewn limestone blocks; the discovery in long chambers against the SE wall of quantities of sling-bolts and missiles shews[sic] that the builders of so massive a construction had defence[sic] also in view. The temple is of crude brick and scattered elements of mosaic shew[sic] that it was once richly decorated; [word x-ed out] where we should expect sanctuary chambers there are furnaces instead, and the building is probably that in which was prepared the food for the goddess Nin-gal and for the lesser deities who shared in her worship. The:
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3.of which appears in my photograph. in the upper scene we have the Moon god Nannar seated upon his throne and receiving the worship of the king who pours the water of libation into a tall slender vase wherein are palm-leaves and dates; a continuation of the stone gives the rest of the scene, - on the left, corresponding to Nannar, is seated Nin-Gal, the Moon's consort, and the king re-appears before her making the same libation; in each case behind the king there is an attendant goddess who assists in the sacrifice. Nannar holds in his right hand a pick-axe, and in his outstretched left hand the measuring-rod and line of the architect: here then Ur-Engur in a vision receives from the god himself the order to build him an house. In the next register, only the top left hand corner of which is preserved, one of the minor gods ushers into the presence of Nannar the king who comes to declare his readiness to obey the divine instructions; upon his shoulder he carries pick axe and basket, compasses, the ladle for the bitumen mortar, and the flat wooden trowel of the bricklayer, as if he would himself take part in the work and lay the first brick: behind him comes a shaven priest who solicitously relieves the royal shoulder of it unaccustomed load. In the register below, represented now only be small fragments, there was pictured the actual building of the Ziggurat; the background formed by the wall of the tower, and against this are ladders up which go men carrying on their heads baskets of mortar. Fortunately the surface of the stone is in these fragments wonderfully preserved, the carving sharp and fresh, and we need not draw upon our imagination to do justice to the skill of the unknown artist who in 2300 B. c. designed and [?] wrought this splendid monument: the simple treatment of the drapery, the restrained faithfulness of the rendering of the body muscles, the delicacy of the features of the different faces, show the hand of a real master: And if we have here in such excellent state a magnificent example of the art of the time, we have also a historical document whose appeal is not less direct. The Ziggurat of Ur is the most imposing relic left in Mesopotamia of [?] land early grandeur: now chance has given to us the pictorial record of its building and a contemporary portrait of the great ruler who was inspired to build it.C. Leonard Wooley[large X]DirectorJoint expedition of the Brithish Museum and the Museumof the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia:
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3.our best piece, the statue, necessarily went to the Iraq Government, the division was very fair and we have done quite well out of it. Packing began on the 14th, and 44 cases of antiquities are being sent round by sea. I have made moulds of the principal objects taken by Baghdad so as to have as representative a show as possible for exhibition in London and Philadelphia.The whole staff of the Expedition came to Baghdad on the 18th. Dr. Legrain started off home almost at once. I took Messrs. Mallowan and Whitburn to Babylon and to Kish, an expedition which I thought it well to make in the interests of the work at Ur: at the same time I removed from the stores at Hillah all the property of the Pennsylvania University's expedition to Nippur which I judged to be of value to this Expedition and arranged for the disposal of the remainder; this will save considerable expenditure next season, as the goods there will replace various items of my own stock which are now worn out.Our stay in Baghdad has been prolonged by the need to repair certain of the more valuable objects from Ur now in the Baghdad Museum and to advise Miss Bell as to the taking over, alteration and installation of the new buildings for the Baghdad Museum. This is of course scarcely the routine work of your Expedition, but in the first place it seemed to me wrong to leave to perish such objects as the copper bulls from Tell el Obeid, which I found here in a lamentable state, and in the second place the assistance now given to Miss Bell does count as an asset in our favour when it comes to a division of results: we should certainly not have done so well as we have done in this year's division had my relations with the Honorary Director of Antiquities been less cordial. My whole party leaves Baghdad on March 30.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this reportI have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signed] C. Leonard Woolley:
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3.Overhead expenses of the next volume prior to its being issued I expected to defray out of the accruing returns of the first vol- ume, in accordance with the principle of the grant. (1)I am sorry that I did not give you the \"word of warning\" that the entire grant was involved at the time when I told you of the contract being made; this of course was not due to any intention of keeping you in the dark, but to the assumption that you would natur- ally expect me to expend the total sum, and my request for the xxxxx transfer of the entire balance was in accordance with and really implied that assumption. But I do regret that it was not understood.For your point (2); I have certainly not wished to critic- ise the handling by the Museum Board of funds which are their own property, but in so far as I was responsible, or thought myself re- sponsible, for the expenditure of any funds I have felt it my duty to suggest and even to urge what seemed to me the most economical course, and what I have had in view of late has not been the normal and incalculable fluctuation of the Stock Exchange but the more or less declared policy of the United States Government to reduce the dollar to a .50cent gold content, which would of course react very(1) \"The volume on the Royal Cemetery is to be issued at a xxxx cost estimated at $25,000. ... The money recovered by sales would be used for the production of the second volume, and that from the joint sales for the third, and so on.\"(Extract from Carnegie Grant memorandum):
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3.pilasters of burnt brick which seem to have been encased by wooden panelling; in the middle of the pronaos a stout pillar of burnt brick supported the roof; in the fore-court a burnt-brick wall erected by Nabonidus screens the approach to the sanctuary and is a puzzling add- ition to the original plan. But the surprising feature of the building is its preservation. It stands, as I have said, nearly twenty feet high, and the mud-brick walls still retain their plaster and coat of whitewash; we have not attempted to clear the outside, so that one goes down into it as into a dug-out, but once inside the door one obtains an astonishing effect of completeness. Originally the building must have been very lofty, but the loss of height is scarcely noticeable now that the interior has been darkened by the laying of the roof; what decoration there was has vanished and the heavy blank walls have no beauty to recommend them; but this is the only place in Iraq where one can stand in a Babylonian temple and forget for a moment that it is a ruin.C. LEONARD WOOLLEY.:
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3.place a large shaft is being sunk with the purpose of piercing the en-tire accumulation and arriving at virgin soil. In one of our tablet-pitsa surprising discovery was made. In cutting away a stratum composed ofdisintegrated burnt brick and pot-sherds there were found four bull'shooves, life-size, of copper originally hammered over wood; there is notrace of the body, which was perhaps of wood, and extended search hasnot yet produced the head; but we have here proof of sculpture in metalon a big scale at a period very much older than the royal tombs, - thestratum lies more than twenty feet below what was ground surface when theroyal tombs were dug and the script of the documents found in in is muchmore primitive than that of the cemetery. I send photographs of these, and also of a peculiar anthropomorphic vase found very low down in the cemetery; such are extremely rare in Mesopotamian archaeology.Early in the month a man brought to me half a dozen stone bowls andcups which he had dug up from a mound some eleven miles south of Ur. Wevisited the site, a low hillock named Meraijib, and found that it waslittered with fragments of painted pottery, of stone vases and spoutedclay pots; one part of it is occupied by a cemetery, the other by a build-ing remarkable for the use of bricks made not of clay but of white plas-ter (burnt gypsum) exactly like one found here in the town site at a depth of 8.20 metres. The site is certainly most important. I have taken stepsto prevent further plundering (no real harm has yet been done) and havereported to the Director of Antiquities ; with his warm approval I proposeto carry out some experimental work there before the end of this season.On the town site we have removed in a vertical zone of nine metreseight different layers of buildings. Level A is chiefly remarkable for:
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3.reduce my funds available for the year to £[?2650?], the difference between which sum and my estimate is virtually the total assigned to workmen's wages. It has always been understood that the salary of the assistant supplied to me from the Museum Staff was independent of the expedition fund, and consequently such has never figured either in my estimates or in my accounts rendered; to make such a charge on the expedition this year when the funds are so far short of my estimates means that the work done by the expedition will be reduced to a ridiculous minimum and that the necessarily heavy cost of sending the expedition out will not be justified by results. I think that the detailed items of my estimates will support this pessimistic view.It is of course no concern of mine whence the money comes or in what proportion the two Museums contribute; but you may be interested to know that in our first season the use of the British Museum's name (its \"good-will\", so to speak), saved us directly between £800 and £900; I did not trouble to make the calculation for the second season, but again it was considerable, though probably not so large; moreover, by undertaking the scientific treatment and repair of certain of the more important antiquities assigned to the Baghdad Museum, the British Museum has sensibly enriched the proportion of objects available for distribution between London and Philadelphia,- e.h., this year we took ten copper bulls in relief instead of six, in consideration of repairing two for Iraq.I ask that Legrain's salary be not chargeable to the Expedition. I suggest that for the purposes detailed in my estimates I start with the grant of £3000, but that the original estimate be regarded as an ideal (since Gordon is ready to find his half of this), the balance of Philadelphia's share over £1500 being held in suspense on the chance of the British Museum being able to raise the whole or part of this balance, so that Philadelphia could meet later contributions from this side without budgetary difficulty; any sum remaining to Philadelphia could be carried over to next year. I should not spend more than £3000 without express authority.:
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3.rubbish-flow runs unbroken over the tomb-shafts shews that they must be older than that date at least. I do not think that the chronology I have previously suggested for the tombs could have received confirmation more convincing than this. Further, while it would be wrong to assume that the growth of the rubbish-mounds was uniform and that dead-reckoning will give us the age of the stratus, yet the slow progress made in the upper levels must denote a very high antiquity for the lowest: on the whole the contents of these strata, pottery etc., are remarkably uniform down to the Flood deposit, illustrating a very static civilisation, but where changes can be observed they form most valuable evidence for relative dating elsewhere: on the town site this evidence has been of great assistance. It is no exaggeration to say that in spite of the absence of objects the work up to date has been as important for the history of the cemetery as any yet done. On the town site an area of some 360 square metres was selected at the foot of the \"prehistoric terraces\" identified in 1925-6 below the E-harsag mound (Ant. Journal VI. P1.LVIII): here the denudation of the surface by weather assured our reaching early levels with the minimum of labour: the area is of course not large enough to detect the existence of any important building and in any case to obtain the required historical results, while it can always be extended if necessary.Almost at the surface we encountered wall-foundations made not of mud bricks but of lumps of stiff clay each of about the size to be a basketful. Their relative age was shewn by the existence of the ring-drains some of the First Dynasty, some of the Third Dynasty and Larsa periods. The length of such drains is anything from fifteen ti thirty feet, and as here:
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3.SE wall and adjoining the line of royal tombs found last season. I have every hope that it will prove a fruitful site. While the season will undoubtedly be a hard one for your staff there is [obscured by author] good reason for assuming that it will be a successful one.In the event of important discoveries being made I shall send interim reports and not wait for the end of the month.And I have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signed] C.Leonard Woolley:
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3.set against a black background. Inlay was indeed very common; of such a mud column covered with mosaic as Dr. Hall found we have come across one short section only; this has been preserved so far as its material allowed. Other columns were made of palm logs covered with plates of copper; these are of frequent occurrence. In stone we have fragments of a very large vase (or well-head?) with reliefs of a peculiarly primitive character, contrasting strongly with the realistic art of the copper bulls, and a tantalising fragment of an animal relief on a large scale; two or three inscribed vase-fragments are also more important for the promise they give of further finds than for their actual contents. Of the curious mosaic flowers found by Dr. Hall we have numerous examples, some intact, with their petals in their original positions; whatever they were, they were not for insertion in walls; they seem rather to have stood upright on their long stalks, and perhaps formed an artificial gardenA great deal of work remains to be done at Tell el Obeid, particularly for the complete elucidation of the plan. At present we can say very little about the later buildings. What is clear is that [?] the First Dynasty temple was destroyed and that when it was rebuilt its whole plan was changed. The area was much enlarged, a new wall was put up enclosing [?] the whole of the hill on the top of which the original structure stood, and the hill was terraced with solid mud-brick masonry under which the old temple was completely buried; - all the objects mentioned above, which belong to the first period, lie under some five feet of mud brick, embedded in the debris of the earlier walls. The mud bricks of the second period are square, and their grey colour contrasts with the red of the first building; the burnt brick of the same period is also square yet bear the indented finger-prints which characterise the plano-convex bricks but are unknown later. This building may well belong to the Second Dynasty of Ur. Later on it in its turn was destroyed, and on its enlarged upper terrace rose a temple constructed by Dungi, second king of the Third Dynasty. No remains of these later buildings worthy of note have yet been recovered.Work is continuing on both sites, and I have every hope of success in the future equal to that already obtained.Weather conditions have been unexceptionally favourable, and the health of the members of your Expedition has been uniformly good.I would ask that, in accordance with arrangements made, the contents of my report be not communicated to the Press; I hope in a few days to send to you articles intended for publication. I hope also to submit to you my financial statement for November.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report and with the results obtained hitherto by your Expedition,I have the honour to be, Sir, Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]DirectorJoint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia:
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3.some period of destruction; some had been burnt accidentally in a fire which had consumed the building, others were of unbaked clay, now soft and crumbling and needing to be kiln-fired before they can be cleaned and read, but even from the few which it has as yet been possible to examine at all it is clear that we have secured a most important series of documents. Some of these are educational, tables of square and cute roots, others are record of the sacred buildings erected at Ur by kinds of the dynasties of Isin and Larsa, others are hymns; it will be a long time before we can really say what the contents of these hundreds of tablets are, but judging from the first few they should be of very great interest.A small figure of a lion in alabaster, the support for a statuette of a god, and a diorite head of a ram, probably from a ceremonial staff, are the best art objects found as yet, but for interest we may rank with these a pretty bottle of blue and black moulded glass discovered in a Kassite grave of about 1400 B.C. ; it has all the appearance of having been imported from Phoenicia, whence the XVIIIth Dynasty glass-work of Egypt was derived, but the discovery almost on the same day of a slender glass rod with pincer-marks at one end shows that the Phoenician technique was practiced also at Ur and out bottle may be of local make. Other late graces have produced a pilgrim-flask in pale blue faience and a few small ornaments, earrings and the like, in silver and gold, but the principal results of our first month's work are the literary documents and, especially, the new light thrown on the domestic life of the early Sumerians.C.L. WOOLLEY.:
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3.Soundings have been made below floor level in various parts of E-NUN-MAH butfailed to produce anything of importance, though tending to confirm our previousviews on the history of the building. Near the west corner a shaft was dug to thedepth of 5.30m.; no buildings were found, but the evidence given by the sherdsoccurring at various depths supported the opinions of Mr. Campbell Thompson andDr. Hall as to the early date of the painted pottery found on this site and atTells el Obeid and Abu Shahrein.In my last report I mentioned a brick well found between the temple of Nan-nar and the Temenos wall. This has now been partly cleared, to a depth of 12.0m., and has produced a whole series of large inscribed cones, many of them new, ofARAD-SIN and RIM-SIN. The complete excavation of the well has had to be left overto a future season.I also mentioned in my last report Mr. Smith's discovery of bricks provingthat Dr. Hall's building \"B\" was the sanctuary of the great Nannar temple. This,and the need of getting the geography of the whole site as well established aspossible, drew our closer attention to the building. It was not within my meansto trace out the limits of the complex of which \"B\" formed a part, and such workas could be done had to be confined to this part only; on February 5th thereforeI put my reduced gang to elucidate doubtful points. Dr Hall had not attemptedthe complete excavation of the north end of the building, which was denuded downto or below ground level; of the part excavated, the plan drawn up in Dr. Hall'sabsence by Lt. O'Sullivan was in several details inaccurate. We have been ableto correct and amplify that plan in a good many respects, and as a consequencethe nature of the building has become clearer, though much heavy work is requiredbefore it can be fully ascertained. The original building extended considerablyto the NW and also to the NE of the walls shewn in the published plan; the NEpart of the site seems to have been occupied by the shrine proper, the SW part,i.e., the greater part of that excavated by Dr. Hall, was probably the domesticquarters of the high priest; this is rendered likely both by the analogy of thetemple \"Z\" found by the Germans at Babylon, and also by the character of the plan,which, when reduced to its original form by the elimination of later walls, hasa distinctly domestic appearance and both in this respect and in its relativeposition corresponds to the \"Z\" temple.Mr. Lawrence's work on the pottery types has greatly advanced, and we are nowable to date with tolerable certainty the later, i.e. the New Babylonian and thePersian forms. Apart from any work of the sort done by the Germans at Babylon (butnot published by them) this is, I believe, the first time that such results havebeen sought or obtained. The value of this for future excavations is enormous.Mr. Lawrence and myself have done some preliminary sorting and classifying ofthe fragments of stone vases found in E-NUN-MAH. We were able to reconstruct a fewmore or less complete specimens, but it was evident that the work could not be ad-equately done in the field, and I have therefore decided to bring the whole col-lection home for proper treatment and repair. A certain proportion of it will proveuseless, but there should result a number of good Museum specimens of what has upto now been a very rare class of object.I enclose herewith photographs of Mr. Newton's plans of the Temenos as a wholeand of NEBUCHADREZZAR's remodelling of E-NUN-MAH. I also enclose Mr. Smith's separ-ate report on the inscriptional material.[signature] C. Leonard WoolleyDirector of the Expedition:
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3.tain bills and had also postponed the payment of my own salary at considerable personal inconvenience. By January 20th my Basra account was also exhausted and we were living wholly on credit: I was greatly relieved to learn five days later that your subscription had been received and that I was in funds again. I know that you will realise the extra worry that this sort of thing entails, and I'd ask you to give instructions that in future the payments are made in good time so that such worries may be avoided.From the report which goes with this, and from the newspaper articles, you will see that we are having good results if not sensational discoveries; we are indeed getting precisely what I hoped to get. As the newspaper article supplements the official account I am s ending[sic] it direct to you and am asking Hill to arrange with you the date of release in the ordinary way though he does not send on the article with the proposal of date.I am postponing the accounts for a week because there are too many outstanding bills to allow of their being really accurate if made out now.Many thanks for your enquiries after my wife; she is not yet as fit as she should be, and cannot walk much beyond getting up to the work, but does a lot -- probably too much. We are looking forward to getting back, for we have at last got a house of our own in London and are moving into it in May. Hitherto we have had bad luck in missing your visits but hope that when you next come we may have a chance to repay something of your hospitality.With best wishes to your wife and yourself from us both,Yours very sincerely [handwritten in script]C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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3.tained on the \"palace\" site. Gradually these few are solving the riddle. The Dungi building lies on a high artificial terrace - to its height is probably due the name E-Harsag, \"the House of the Mountain\" - which is itself far older than the Third Dynasty of Ur. The walls which form the terrace steps were built of small soft mud bricks or terre pisee and from their faces great masses have fallen away exposing the mud packing behind, so that even their line is not always easy to follow, but the terraces are still there, and at the base of their walls and round the drains which pierce the terrace levels we find pottery pottery like that of the First Ur Dynasty and inscribed tablets which date back to the fourth millennium before Christ. Of the later buildings we shall never know much; Nebuchadnezzar cut deep into the flank of the mound to lay the foundations of this Temenos wall, and time and weather have denuded the upper levels till virtually nothing is left; but here if anywhere we may hope to find material for the history of man's first settlement in the Euphrates valley.Meanwhile work has gone ahead fast on the neighbouring site. Close to the surface we found a gateway of Nebuchadnezzar's wall, thereby filling up a gap in our plan, and below this buildings in burnt and in mud brick well preserved but not of great interest in themselves; they seem to be dwelling-houses attached to a large temple of which one corner was excavated last year, and they are of comparatively late date, for on the floor of one room we found a collection of inscribed clay tablets, religious hymns and school exercises and syllabaries, dated to the reign of Nergal-ushezib of Babylon, 693 B. C., but a chance dig through the floor of another room proved that there were better things awaiting us. Associated with pottery and stone vessels of very early types we found first a collection of beads, nearly a thousand in all, of carnelian and lapis lazuli, silver and gold, with pendants of silver filigree set with lapis; then, close beside them, the half of an alabaster relief carved on both sides; it represents a boat fashioned out of reeds tied to-:
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3.ter than our hopes, for the area proved to be contain within a small compass a very compendium of history. Inside the Nebuchadnessar wall there were chambers of Nabonidus, the last of the kings of Babylon; below these were floors laid by the Assyrian governor of Ur in about 650 B.C., and below these again a great double wall with intramural rooms built by Kuri-Galzu the Kassite over the remains of the Larsa kings' enclosure. A little deeper down we came upon the walls and floors of baked brick and bitumen with which Ur-Engur in 2300 B.C. fenced in [indecipherable] E-temen-ni-il, the terrace supporting his great Ziggurat, and underneath these, to our surprise, lay walls built of pudding-shaped mud bricks set on edge in herring-bone fashion, a material and a style belonging to the primitive period of about 3000 B. C. The ground-plan of these buildings was very much that of those in the upper levels, and there can be no doubt that in them we have definitive proof of the existence of another and a more ancient Ziggurat [indecipherable] buried for ever below the vast mass of solid brickwork, Ur-Engur's tower, which today dominates the plain of Ur.:
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3.The additions to the house are now complete, and the cost has been well under my estimate as submitted to you.Dr. Legrain, travelling via Palmyra, reached Bagdad on Nov. 4th and joined me at Ur on Nov. 11th: with his arrival the staff of your Expedition was complete and work could be properly organised. I do not wish to anticipate my report due to be written at the end of this month, but I may say that already we have been most successful: considerable scientific interest attaches to the discoveries made in these first two weeks, and the objects found are very fine.Trusting that my statement of accounts will meet with your approval,I have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signature] C. Leonard WoolleyDirector of the Joint Expedition.:
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3.the extension of it now excavated by us is for the most part sadly ruined; the original Ur-Engur building had been modified by the blocking of doors and the addition of cross-walls; later a completely new building in mud brick was erected over its remains and as the foundation of this went down to the Third Dynasty floor level the consequent destruction of the old walls was wholesale, and even the ground-plan can be recovered only with difficulty. On the other hand the work has been of value in two ways; first it has completed an unfinished site and given the whole plan of a large and important building, secondly it has filled in what was the largest blank in our Temenos plan, - indeed, as the Ur-Engur Temenos seems to have ended with the SE limits of this building we have now very nearly completed its excavation and only minor points remain to be cleared up before we are in a position to publish the whole plan of it.I enclose with this report a photograph of Mr. Whitburn's plan of the Nin-Gal temple E-Gig-Par-Azag. The building, erected by En-an-na-tum in the Larsa period, reproduces the lines of Bur-Sin's earlier work; it shews a fortified temple complex which is a complete unit in itself, comprising two main shrines or temples separated by a block of service rooms and subordinate shrines; a passage running round three sides and across the centre forms part of the scheme of defence and gives access to two towers set at the south and east angles of the building, that at the east angle being a gate tower. The design is remarkably good and we are fortunate in having been able to recover it in its entirety, in spite of the many modifcations suffered by the original plan, for it is certainly the most impressive as it is the most complete example of a temple of the early period that any excavation has yet brought to light, and a most valuable document for the history of Mesopotamian architecture.Small objects have not been numerous this month; the best is a female head in diorite, sculptured in the round, a fine example of Third Dynasty art of which:
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3.the later graves, which lay in a rubbish-stratum composed almost entirely of broken potsherds. The lower graves, in damp clayey soil, wer[sic] in better state, and we were able to preserve some twenty skulls for study. The bodies were much more tightly contracted than was the practice in later ages; sometimes they were buried in matting, sometimes apparently laid in the bare ground; there was no rule of orientation and the position of objects in the grave seemed to have no significance.One copper bowl and a few copper implements were found [inserted above: together with a number of lead tumblers;] beads of carnelian, lapis lazuli and other stones were common; one cylinder seal and two engraved stamp seals were found; shells were used both for ornament and, cut, for bowls or lamps, but what characterised[sic] the cemeter[sic] was the number of stone vases. Over a hundred bowls and vessels of lime stone, alabaster, steatite, basic diorite and diorite were found; for the most part these were plain but one small white limestone cup was decorated with a row of lions and bulls carved in relief, the first example of this genre that we can date, and date fairly accurately, to an early period.The area is now exhausted. The lowest Jemdet Nasr graves went down almost to the Food deposit. We have dug through that thick belt of [word x-ed out] clean silt and through the occupation-strata below it, rich in early al 'Ubaid pottery, to the marsh bottom which is virgin soil. But it is fairly evident that our work has been on the fringe of a cemetery whose main extension is to the south-east. Where we have dug the graves are not, perhaps, the richest, but they have yielded a great mass of material: certainly they tend to shew[sic] that the Jemdet Nasr culture though it may be to some extent intrusive, is not in its origins alien to Sumer and must take its place in the orderly development of Sumerian civilisation[sic].:
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3.the old plan, but though the former buildings were buried deeply under the floor of the court that stretched between the Ziggurat and the new walls, yet the tradition must have survived that hereabouts should be the House of Nannar, - and Nabonidus was not the man to disregard tradition. When we find in the angle between the flights of stairs leading up the Ziggurat a series of chambers the asphalts of whole floors is laid over brick bricks stamped with the name of Nabonidus, we can only conclude that here, not knowing where the original shrine stood, he set up his new House of the Noon God.I said that the Neo-Babylonian kings came last, but in truth there were others after them. In the days of Cambyses the Persian, when the temples of Ur were falling into decay and men were turning themselves to other gods, in the shelter of Nabonidus' court an impoverished priesthood built with mud and broken bricks crooked hovels for their own shelter and stores and granaries for such tithes as the faithful might yet offer. Today their ramshackle walls stand separated by only a few feet of rubble from the top of the terrace wall of Ur-Engur: in the tangle of walls that intersects those few feet is recorded the story of two thousand years of a great city's life.14 [handwritten in bottom right corner of page]:
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3.the old, the gate as such fell out of use, but the gate-tower was retained to serve its ancient function as a justice-hall, but now the back gateway was closed up and the mud-brick rooms on either side replaced the old temenos wall. I venture to give you these details, nearly all of which have yet to be verified by deeper digging, because if I have rightly read the evidence we are on the verge of discoveries of the greatest importance and I would not have it be thought that the necessarily rather barren beginnings of our work, when large quantities of surface soil have to be shifted, are a fair criterion of the season.Even already we have some good objects, all of which have been found in t the last few days. The excavations NW of the ziggurat have produced one unique piece in the shape of a building-cone of Sumu-ilu, and a brick of Silli-Adad; also cones of Kudur-mabug and Arad-Sin, and one fragment of a marble vase decorated with lions in relief which gives promise of better things when we go deeper down. Dub-lal-mah has proved a richer site. Lying in the doorway of a small kitchen we found fragments of a fine ivory cup, broken and mended in antiquity; it is of Egyptian work, and the subject, a row of dancing girls carved in low relief, is pure Egyptian, of a period a good deal earlier than Nabonidus, on whose floor level it was found. Under the arched door we found a limestone stela with a Third Dynasty relief of Ea and attendant gods; though damaged, this is a fine piece, and of course stone reliefs of that time are extremely rare. The same building has given us a gate-socket of Ur-Engur, another with a fine but already known inscription of Gimil-Sin, and a very remarkable door-socket of Sinbalatsu-ikbi; this is cut on the upper part of a boundary-stone, and the [struck out single letter] snake whch capped the stone is preserved - the hinge-hole comes in the crown of its head; the material is a bright green stone, probably felspar; the inscription is long, well cut and complete, and gives most valuable information about the building.The arched doorways in Dub-lal-mah are probably the first known example of the use of the arch as an architectural feature on the facade of a building the earlier specimens in Mesopotamia being only drains etc. we have found a few moulded bricks in the ruins which probably give the decoration of the roof-line, and there is some evidence to shew that at one time the gate was adorned with reliefs in moulded brick as was the Ishtar Gate at Babylon; by the time the excavation is complete we ought to have material for a good restoration.I would ask that, as the above description of the building is only provisional and liable to correction, nothing of it should be communicated to the Press. I will submit press articles as soon as I think that that can be done without the risk of spreading false ideas.I enclose photographs of the more important objects and views, which also I should prefer to hold over from publication at the moment.I hope to include with this report a statement of accounts to date; if I cannot get them done in time for this [struck out two letters] overland mail they shall follow next week.:
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3.The working out of my estimates in the past has shown that the provision of a balance for emergencies is advicable. Trusting that you will approve these estimates and the suggestions embodied in them, I have the honour to be, Sir, Your very obedient Servant, [signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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3.Trusting that I may have your decisions on these points at as early a date as may be possible, in order that, should you so desire, I may get to work on the preparation of my material;I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C Leonard Woolley [signature]DirectorJoint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to MesopotamiaP.S. Might I ask one further question as regards the publication of texts?Is it your wish that these should be published merely as transcriptions of the cuneiform, or do you prefer that the transcriptions should be accompanied by English translations? I believe that the former has been rather the practice of the British Museum and the latter that of the University Museum of Pennsylvania.:
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3.well made and well preserved and from them the complete lines of the building can be ascertained. I should like to say here that my workmen deserve the greatest credit for the skill with which they have performed a very difficult task in following these scarcely distinguishable walls.The temple, which covers a considerable area, is in its plan the most regular example of such a building yet found on the site; a courtyard flanked by rows of chambers has as its SW end the principal range of rooms, the central of which was entered by an imposing gateway formed like a pylon and standing well out from the frontage of the range; this was the pronaos, and had doorways on either side leading to suites of three rooms which occupied the wast and south angles of the temple and also had direct communication with the forecourt. Immediately opposite the pylon entrance was a door from the pronaos to the naos: about half the area of this was taken up by the cella proper, a rectangle with walls of burnt brick which were probably of no great height; the naos lay at a higher level than the rest of the temple and is approached by a flight of shallow brick steps covered with bitumen which fill the whole of the doorway from the pronaos. I believe that this feature of a raised cella reached by steps, which in a less marked form we find also in E-dublal-mah, is one not hitherto remarked in Babylonian temple(?s.? - end of line missing in scan)The temple, so far as the upper levels are concerned, is due to Sinbalats(?indecipherable? - could this be the name of Sin-balassu-iqbi)ikbi, the Assyrian governor of about 65 B.C., and it was added to by Nebuchadnezzar and refloored by Nabonidus: beneath it lie earlier remains which we have reached only in spots, and it is probable that we shall find this to be one of the earliest buildings yet found at Ur. In the late temple we have discovered re-used door sockets of Gimil-Sin and of Ur-Engur which appear to have been lifted from the lower level, and under the floor was a fragment of a large diorite stela with a dedication to Nin-Gal for the life of Utu-Hegal king of Erech (c. 35 B.C.) apparently made by Ur-Engur when he was not yet independent king of Ur but \"shakkanak\" or viceroy of Utu-Hegal; this, together with fragments of a companion stela in limestone with a similar inscription of a male god throwsa new light on the oriigins of the Third Dynasty of Ur and the history immediately preceeding it. Under the floor of another chamber were found two pairs of foundation-tablets; one pair, in copper and in limestone, has a long inscription (duplicated) by Kuri-galzu, and the other, in copper and black steatite, duplicated inscriptions by Warad-Sin: these are fine Museum pieces. I have every hope that when the upper levels have been duly cleared and we can dig down to the early buildings the site, which has already produced very good objects, may prove to be yet more rich.I have already spoken of the clay tablets of which this month has yielded a large and interesting collection: inscribed door-sockets of Ur-Engur, Bur-Sin, Gimil-Sin, inscriptions of Gimil-Sin from Diorite duck-weights, the two Utu-Hegal texts already mentioned, and several new brick-stamps are the most important of the objects belonging to Dr. Legrain's province; of small objects we have copper figurines and vessels, clay figures and beads, pottery etc., but nothing of outstanding merit.Buildings and texts form the:
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3.with lapis; close to these was a fragment of an alabaster plaque carved on both sides which must go back to the fourth millennium B. C.; it represents a boat made of reeds on which stands a man, while in a covered deck cabin in front of him are, on one side, a boar, on the other a goose and two fishes: the object, which might pass for a picture of Noah's ark, is probably a votive offering illustrating the life of the marsh dwellers. Though only half of it is preserved this must be reck-oned as [undecipherable] a piece of first-class importance. In the same stratum were found two marble figures of rams; only the fore parts of the animals are carved, and they were obviously protomoi, probably the supports of a throne or statue-base; they are a pair, in perfect condition and of a good style. It is hard to date objects which so unusu-al in character, but I have no doubt that they are early, and the pottery and other things found with them are all of the pre-Third dynasty period; the circumstances in which they were found give no clue as to their age, but I should put them down as not later than Dungi and suspect them of being considerably earlier than that.It will be seen that we have been remarkably successful in the number of fine museum pieces discovered, especially considering that this is the first month of the season when the clearing of surface earth might well excuse a comparative dearth of objects: the buildings are hitherto somewhat disappointing, but I trust that further work on them will prove them to be of more interest than they seem to possess at pre-sent. Next week the majority of the men will be recalled to the \"E-harsag\" site and an attempt will be made to reach the earliest levels of habitation; should this work turn out unfavourably I shall go further north and join up this and last year's excavations by clearing the great temple of which the outlying wing was cl dug in February.The health of all the members of your Expedition has been uniformly good. There has been an amount of rain abnormal for the time of year but only one working day has been lost as a result.A new permit is being issued to your Expedition under the terms of the Anti-quities Law recently passed: this will make no difference to the work or to the div-ision of objects.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report and with the statement of expenditure for the month which I shall send immediately.I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C Leonard WoolleyDirector of the Joint Expedition.:
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3.with the temple of E-Nun-Makh, which it adjoins, and also with the ziggurat.No attempt is being made this season to excavate the whole of this very large building. The rooms along the NW wall have been cleared, together with the NW end of the courtyard; a wide cut has been made along the whole of the columned wall on the SW, but the actual cleaning of the face of this has been left over until the end of the work, when danger of the destruction of the columns through rain will be less; this is particularly necessary in view of the intention of the Department of Antiquities to take steps for the permanent conservation of so remarkable a feature. For the rest, the walls have been merely traced to a depth of some two feet, whereas they are standing in many places as much as two and three metres high. I hope later on to have the means to clear the SE end, so as to establish the connection between the court and the E-Nun-Makh temple.The bulk of the labour during the month has been expended on the clearing of the NE face of the ziggurat, on which for some time past the whole gang has been employed. Good progress is being made with this work, which is very heavy and consequently slow. Since the presence of the large building described above has made it impossible to throw earth on the low ground close to the ziggurat, the spoil-heaps are being carried through the NW gate clear of the city wall; already we are using in all some five hundred yards of railway, and the distance increases daily. As regards results, I would at this stage say no more thatn that we have partially cleared the stairway leading to the ziggurat top and the platform built in front of the tower proper by Nabonidus.As was to be expected, objects have not been numerous this month. Diqdiqah has produced the terra cottas illustrated herewith, a quantity of contemporary pottery, beads, including a few nice gold beads, and inscribed cones of Ur-Engur commemorating the digging of a canal, and many cylinder seals. From Ur, our best finds have been an inscribed basalt door-socket of Ur-Engur, one in limestone of Kuri-Galzu, the latter a better example than most of the Kassite door-inscriptions, and a fragment from a life-size diorite statue giving the lower part of the face, Third Dynasty; this is one of several fragments found below the ziggurat which hold out hopes of better things.In my report for November I illustrated some fragments from a limestone well-head found at Tell el Obeid; I have since had the leisure to fit these together. As Mr. Newton's drawing shews, the well-head, though far from complete, is a very curious example of primitive art and a a fine Museum exhibit.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report and with the progress of your Exhibition as shewn therein,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,:
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3.[Encircled number 10 added in handwriting in the top right page corner]of a domed subterranean chamber. There were holes in the roof due to the decay of beams which had supported the centering used in the construction of the dome, and through one of these, by the light of an electric torch, we could see, under a film of rotten wood, large copper vessels and in one place the glint of gold. Our highest hopes were not fulfilled, for the chamber proved to be less richly furnished than its structure seemed to warrant, but its interest was hardly less therefore. There were ^in it six bodies of which four were men-servant or soldiers and one a serving-maid; the sixth was she in whose honour the tomb had been built and besides the more or less conventional head-dress of gold ribbons, leaves and rings, beads, ear-rings and finger rings she had a pin of unusual type, very long and of solid gold, a delicate fluted gold tumbler like that found in grave of Queen Shub-ad last year, and, most peculiar of all, a cylinder seal of gold engraved with scenes of feasting and of musicians. The bodies had been covered with some sort of wooden canopy; they lay on a brick floor below which was a terra-cotta drain. The outer court of the tomb has yet to be dug - we only know that outside the stone blocking of the door there were set clay pots of food and the carcase of a sheep; whether there were other human sacrifices it is impossible to say; but at least we have the servants in the tomb and in the filling of the shaft tier above tier of food vessels and meat-offerings and human skeletons. The burial rites were elaborate indeed and the precise meaning of them is likely to keep conjecture busy for a long time.Other rich graves have been unearthed. One, which might be called the grave of the baby princess, contained the body of an infant and with it a golden head-dress which was almost a replica in miniature of:
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3.[note: a circled numeral \"3\" is handwritten at the top right of the page]I enclose with this my statement of accounts for the period July 1st to the beginning of the dig end for these first two weeks of work. Owing to the non-arrival of Father Burrows I have not been able to complete the travelling account. That the total figure is in excess of my usual preliminary statement is of course due to the inclusion of two pay-days, implying for many of the men three weeks of work: allowing for this the figures are not, I think, in excess of my estimate.I should like to emphasise here the fact that throughout the summer the site has been preserved absolutely untouched in spite of the temptation to loot caused by the discoveries of last season and the certain proximity of gold objects to the face of our cuttings. For this great credit is due to Sheikh Munshid, who is responsible for the site in our absence and has loyally fulfilled his obligations; I venture to think that the heavy outlay on guards, which is indeed unavoidable, has been justified by the immunity from plunder which it has never failed to secure and has signally secured this summer.During the past fortnight work has been carried on under certain difficulties; the cholera epidemic of the summer had virtually stopped by the date of our arrival but has been succeeded by an epidemic of fever which makes the attendance of the men very irregular, while the great heat has been trying to the members of your staff: I trust that these conditions may soon improve. Really the experiment of an early start is one which it would be hardly wise to repeat. At the same time, work has gone forward well.Trusting thay you will be satisfied with this report and with the statement of accounts which accompanies it,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signed]C. Leonard Woolley:
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3.[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"11\" opens here and includes all the text on this page]Larsa kings, part of whose superstructure is well preserved. In their time the levels inside the wall had risen almost to the top of Ur-Engur's mud brick. So far as the inner face of this shewed they revetted it with burnt brick and set up along the top of it a continuous row of buildings which served a double purpose: they were at once the wall burnt-brick wall crowning the rampart and living accommodation for citizens or officials, for their inner ground-plan is exactly that of the private houses excavated by us on the other side of the Temenos; in spite of their position and the fact that they are built to a general plan with bricks bearing royal stamps, there is nothing military about them. One is reminded of Rahab, who dwelt upon the wall of Jericho, and of some mediaeval city like Aleppo where the solid masonry of the ramparts rises up to merge insensibly into the flimsy window-broken [?] backs of private houses.We know that after a revolt against Babylon the \"great walls of Ur\" were destroyed by Hammurabi's son, in about 1870 B.C. Then, and in the course of the next 450 years, even the lines of the super-structure must have vanished, for we find a great gate-passage of Kuri-Galzu running athwart everything. It was strongly built with burnt bricks a large proportion of which bear his name, but everythin else of his work has been destroyed by a later building, a fort lying inside the wall and probably (though our work has not gone far enough to prove this) flanking one of the city gates. Only the mud brick substructures of this are left together with the burnt-brick facing of its outer wall on the north-east, but the foundations shew that it was extraordinarily massive, even the inner walls being never less than thirteen feet thick. None the less Notwithstanding:
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3.[Note: a penciled bracket labeled \"25\" in the margin opens here] able, though of less artistic merit, is a gaming-board consisting of twenty shell plaques with engraved linear designs inlaid with lapis and red paste; the plaques are framed in lapis and the whole board is bordered with ivory, lapis and mother-of-pearl. The wood and the bitumen which had held the plaques had perished, but the gaming-board was finally removed in one piece and when remounted and cleaned with look extraordinarily well. This has been allotted to the Expedition, as have two small mother-of-pearl plaques with engravings of animals.Of the gold objects found early in the month the best were a heavy diadem of gold decorated with a star, the gold wires for tying it round the head still attached, and a minute but beautifully worked figure of a pigeon in gold with a lapis tail: [Note: the penciled bracket labeled \"25\" closes here] both have gone to Baghdad. [Note: a penciled bracket labeled \"26\" in the margin opens here and continues for the rest of the page] At the very end of the season we came, at a depth of nearly six metres, on something unlike any tomb yet found, in that over a space measuring some seven metres by four there were spread two layers of matting between which was a great hoard of objects in copper and in gold: I am not yet sure whether it was really all one tomb (no trace of any body was detected) or a group of votive deposits, or a group of offerings made at a grave which itself has yet to be found. At one end of the area we discovered a large collection of copper spears and chisels, and with these two gold chisels and a full-size gold spear-head. Thse lay at the edge of our trench and to advance the work heavy digging was required: at first this seemed unproductive, only one lapis cylinder seal being found, but on the last Saturday of the season the area began to yield quantities of plain gold binding from what had been wooden handles covered with gesso and painted red: accordingly when work as a whole ceased I kept on ten men to finish our the place. In the course of the next two days we made the best discoveries of the year. There were found bundles of copper spears, quiverfuls of arrows of various types, and about forty curious copper objects like small-size helmets, but as they contained traces of wood it was evident, a-31:
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3/27/30-3-The Museum family join me in sending to you and to Mrs. Jayne our best regards,Sincerely yoursMr. Horace H. F. Jayne c/o American Express CompanyBerlin, Germany:
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3/27/50-2-report for the papers \"Archaeologically it has been of great importance\".Miss Fernald's letter to the dealer in China from whom she brought the pottery and bronze was instrumental in having the charges of carriage reduced from $400 to $80, so we are now expection them from the custom house.all goes well with us here. The Ur study rooms are now in order and in my next report to you, I hope to tell you that the Oriental Collections are safely stored in their new home.We had a record crowd at Cleaves' lecture on the Pinchot Expedition, standing room only. Saturday finishes the Course. On Tuesday Dr. Brown gives the last talk for members, two more auditorium lectures for the children-- the season is closing. If we did not have to spend so much time being polite to important visitors we might accomplish many things--today brought Kinjiro Mori of the Tokyo Museum; Seymour de Ricci of the Lourve who is working in Washington on Mediaeval Manuscripts and who, at 4:30 had to see Egyptian papyri in the basement of the Coxe Wing. The mad rush seem no to abate in the Cast - at the close of the day it is hard to see that anything has been accomplished.A report came in tody from Rome --but you will know what has gone on at Meydum in the last month.I have repeated to you to Cairo Pope's telegram just received. \"Inform Jayne delayed sailing Paris April tenth suggest meeting there.:
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30.vii.35[Latin seal]With the Keeper's complimentsAshmolean MuseumOxfordBrick of Samsuiluma-Kish 1933 excavations:
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3015 [Crossed out] TC. Stool
Miniature w. rough rush design
(Ph. 421. {U. 3015 [Crossed out] Reed 3277= Seat_d Flounced
Fem. clasped! Reed 3277) :
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3038 CHESTNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA, PENN. 1P WS CABLEBASRAH 15 1215 NOV 16 1927ANTIQUEPHILADELPHIA (UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 33 AND SPRUCE ST)TEPPERI SEPULTUM MESKALAMDUG URBIS PRESTINAE PRINCIPEM ARMIS GALEA POCULIS MONILIBUS AURATIS INSIGNEM WOOLLEY811A[note: handwritten translation] discovered grave (of) Meskalamdug prince (of the) ancient city of Ur decorated surrounded (with) his arms helmet, cups (and) gold ornamentsprior 1st Dyn of Ur 3500 B.C.:
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31-43-314
6 Frog Amulets - Frit - Two glazed yellow :
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31/10/28.THE JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITYOF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIASTATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE PERIOD JULY 1 stTO OCTOBER 31 st 1928.-----------------------A) INTERIM EXPENSES. £ s. d Fleming's bill for photographic work 14. 0 3 Victoria & Abert Museum, plaster work 34. 18. 6 Wig for Shubad 6. 6. 0 Hire of stand 7. 6 Orientalist Congress, expenses 2. 10. 0 Journey to London 2. 13. 0 Various purchases 3. 14. 3 Cabs & railways for work, & carriage of goods 5. 0. 6 Stamps and telegrams 2. 17. 1B) PURCHASES IN LONDON FOR THE AUTUMN SEASON Typewriter 13. 13. 0 Houghton's photographic material 21. 12, 5 Army & Navy Stores 12. 11. 11 Norton & Gregory, drawing materials, 14. 10. 11 Kettle, cardboard boxes 4. 3. 7 Drugs 7. 2. 11 Woolworth's varia, 6. 0. 5 Sheets 2. 11. 6 Newspapers 2. 6. 0 Small varia 3. 7. 1 Freight on stores & luggage, & insurance 35. 19. 2 Passport visas 6. 7. 5C) TRAVELLING COSTS Three members of staff, England to Ur, 237. 3. 10 4 foremen from Jerablus 48. 7. 4D) PURCHASES IN BAGHDAD Distemper & brushes 1. 5. 8 two watches 15. 0 Lamp 1. 7. 0 Varia 11. 6. 6.E) LIVING EXPENSES AT UR Varia purchased for the house, 18. 6 Foodstuffs, account paid to date, 2. 1. 6 ------------- 505. 17. 9. [NB Total is incorrect it should be £505.18.9]:
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32 Newman StreetOxford StreetW. 1.June 7. 1923Dear Gordon,The boxes have arrived from Iraq, and I started unpackingtoday. Tomorrow I go to Oxford, and shall be back only on Tuesday,so there will be a certain amount of delay, but Smith has alreadygot hold of the bulk of the tablets and cones which he wants to work on.I am sending to you with this the copy of the summary accountand that of the agreement re purchasing antiquities, the latter in-itialled by Kenyon who has his own copy.I understand that you won't be leaving until next Friday, soenclose a card for a lecture I'm giving on Thursday next in case youcare to come. I hope that you'll be free on Wednesday or thursday - you might drop a note to this address so that I can fix up anothermeeting.Yours,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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3a line a policy is laid down for me I amprepared to act on it. So, maybe I didn't shewKenyon your letter, it being marked 'personal& confidential' I explained your views & askedhis. Well, he certainly doesn't share the objectionto volunteers as such provided that they areproperly subordinate to the head of the expeditionand was on the contrary anxious to availhimself of any help we could get provided init really was helpful. And I do trust mostin view of the general practice over here youmay incline to share his opinion.Kenyon said that as regards the particularquestion of how far Mrs Keeling helps theexpedition he was prepared to leave that tomy judgement (and I'd like to say, Gordon,how very much I appreciate the reliancewhich both you & he have placed in me &my freedom of action which you have allowed: that has always been a real comfort) -in:
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3a line of policy is laid down for me I am prepared to act on it. So, though I didn't shew Kenyon your letter, it being marked \"personal & confidential\" I explained your views & asked his. Well, he certainly doesn't share the objection to volunteers as such provided that they are properly subordinate to the head of the expedition and was on the contrary anxious to avail himself of any help we could get provided that it really was helpful. And I do trust that in view of the general practice over here you may incline to share his opinion.Kenyon said that as regards the particular question of how far Mrs. Keeling helps the expedition he was prepared to leave that to my judgement (and I'd like to say, Gordon, how very much I appreciate the reliance which both you & he have placed in me & the freedom of action which you have allowed: that has always been a great comfort) - but:
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3acquaintance with Dr. Legrain will have made it clear to you that his neglect to mention Mr. Hall was not an intentional slight.Hoping to have good reports from you both with regard to the health of your expedition and the success of your work. I remain, with best regards to you allVery sincerely yoursDirectorMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYDirectorJoint Expedition of theBritish Museum and theUniversity Museum, Philadelphia:
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3also one upon whom you can depend to do his best to make his services satisfactory to you and to the expedition. He has been empowered to draw against the fund in case of necessity, that is to say, in case of your disability. Although we do not anticipate anything so unfortunate for the expedition as your being unable to remain always in charge, in such a case Dr. Legrain will take charge. I notice in your letter that this is your own plan and I want you to know that it is entirely in keeping with our own ideas on the subject.I note by your letter that you expect to leave London for Baghdad by the end of this month. I hope to hear from you before you leave with regard to the progress that has been made in the restoring of the objects from last year's dig and also what progress has been made in the preparation of publications. I would like to have 25 separates of the article in the ANTIQUARIES JOURNAL for distribution among our supporters here.I presume that your report on Tell el Obeid will have to be held over until next year.With my best regardsVery sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, Esq.The British MuseumLondon, England:
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3arrange anything of this sort I should be much obliged, though I hope that some at least of the things will suit you as they were got for you. Anyhow please try to do something in the matter as I badly need the cash! No news of Legrain as yet. Yours sincerelyLeonard Woolley:
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3from a statue. Altogether the tomb has given us such a collection of rich objects as until this year we had never hoped to secure and has thrown new light on the early civilisation and art of the Sumerians.:
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3have served some ritual purpose it may be that the raised circles were of the same nature, perhaps bases for altars. Definitely religious in character is a small room opening off the court which is entirely filled by a circular fireplace; this is a cooking-place for the \"great cauldron\" in which was prepared the food for the god, as we learn from an inscription found last winter on the other side of the Ziggurat. Another curious discovery was in connection with a later building which replaced and overlay the First Dynasty temple, a building of perhaps 2700 B.C. Into the mud-brick floor of it there had been dug four pits of which three, one circular and two square, were filled to the brim with perfectly clean red earth; the fourth, [word xed out here] a rectangle of about fiftenn[sic] feet by twelve, had clean earth at the top and below this three layers of gypsum boulders, some of them as much as four feet in length, carefully laid and fitted, the lowest layer resting on the hard bottom of the pit. At first sight it seems meaningless enough to dig a pit and fill it in again with earth, and still more meaningless when the filling is of a material which had to be imported from a great distance and must have cost much to bring. Fortunately we know from inscriptions that the old Sumerians brought \"clean earth\" for the foundations of their temples; the pits filled with clean earth can only be the foundations for altars, and the same is true for the stone-filled pit. That it was a foundation is obvious, for there was nothing below it and therefore whatever it served must have been above; the clean earth of the upper filling is parallel to that in the other pits; the gypsum blocks remind us of the Hebrew tradition that the altar of God should be built of unhewn stone, while the fact that here the stone is under-:
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3rd dyn?
Faience mask. Fem head? 3 holes perforat_d on either side - chipped below neck - When found there was bitumen filling in the eyebrows.
Found against side of heavy cross beans
mud wall running NW by SE in KP :
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3remove. We have had to leave the deeper levels for the time being and concentrate on the clearing of the upper floors building, only noting where a hole in a brick pavement or a sagging wall tell of other tombs below-ground; but always the great pit is the centre of surmise: the stairs that run down to the entrance of the vaults and now end against the wall of straight-cut earth, to what will they eventually lead us? Already, with the work only half done, we have one of the most monumental remains ruins existing in Mesopotamia; the splendid brick-work, more than seventy courses of it, going down sheer into the ground with the great staircases at the bottom is more impressive than if it stood above the surface and makes a much stronger appeal to the imagination: what may be below and behind it all we have yet to learn,]C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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3TELEGRAMS, \"AQUILÃ, LONDON\"TELEPHONE Nos REGENT 4024 & 4025ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB,ST. JAMES'S STREET,S.W.was, he added, at the time of our interview on the 21st. On the 21st I met Mr. Hunter at the British Museum, heard his story, and finding that he had no sufficient outfit and no money gave him £25 on account. I instructed him to get lunch, arrange for his passport, purchase certain necessary items of equipment, and (since he wished to do so) transfer his luggage to another hotel which I suggested to him: we separated shortly after noon.Mr. Hunter's subsequent movements are not clear. He went to the St. James' Palace Hotel and paid his bill there: he then went to visit a distant relative & on entering her house collapsed on the floor. On recovering he explained that he had been doped and robbed. He was taken to a police-station to lay his charge, and then to a hotel in Bloomsbury, when later he seems to have tried to throw himself out of the window; the manageress was frightened and had him removed to the asylum of the Holborn Institution. From his incoherent account it would appear that he was taken to bars and treated to drinks and robbed: that:
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3[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"30\" includes all the text on this page]known from Mesopotamia, amongst the earliest in the world, and we have gained good grounds for expecting at the beginning of next year's wok work results even better than those obtained hitherto.C. Leonard Woolley.[note: a circled numeral \"40\" is written at the bottom center of the page]:
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4) Two bricks of Lugal nig-ba a [patesi] of Nippur - (IVth Exp. Photo 236-237) incorrectly published as Lugal surzu. 5) Four bricks of Naram-Sin not yet exhibited. 6) The first door socket of Shargani-sharri published in O.B.I. ph I. no 1 in 1893) not registered (?)Among the negatives left by the four Nippur expeditions three are interesting as showing 1) A more complete inscription of the Entemena vase (Published in OBI. no 115-117 - Published anew in PBS. XV no 1) 2) A more complete inscription of the clay cone of Damiq-ilishu (CBS. 9999. Published in PBS. V. 72 and Plate C111). 3) An unpublished (?) inscription of a vase of Gudea (IVth Exp. photo. 51-00).These two Assyrian casts might perhaps be useful for gallery talk. Yours Sincerely, L. Legrain:
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4-9-30-3-Our regular board Meeting falls on Good Friday this year so with the approval of our three Vice-Presidents I am sending out notices today with the words \"no quorum expected\" added---the omission of this monthly meeting is a welcome relief. Except for the acquisition of the Scythian collection there is really little that I would have to tell the Managers to entertain them for an hour.Mr. Borie has been laid up with a sprained ankle or knee, so he has not paid us a visit since your departure---indeed not one Manager has appeared during your absence.I am sending you a copy of a letter just received from Dr. Mason. It is not an encouraging outlook for work in Guatemala but no doubt much can be accomplished by greasing the palms of the politicians.Will you be able to include London in your itinerary? I hope so, for a conference with Sir Frederick Kenyon would be well I am sure, especially since he has it in mind to have Woolley devote a season to work on publications. We have received the Ur Catalogue from the British Museum and now await the series of photographs for the past two seasons to bring our records up to date.All is well with us. We shall be glad to have you back with use again- I am sure that we should not look for you at the beginning of May since you have taken in Iraq. Doctor Legrain said. \"why didn't he go on to Teheren\" and I am wondering whether he has not done so.Sincerely yours:
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4. in many instances only one or two of the bottom ring-pipes survived I was driven to conclude that even the First Dynasty floor levels served by these drains was at lest fifteen feet above the ground level at which our work started; this conclusion agrees absolutely with the section of the neighboring slope worked out on 1925-6; the First Dynasty floor levels there shown would, if produced over the denuded area, come fifteen feet above the modern surface. If the fifteen vertical feet now missing contained ruins as closely superimposed as do the fifteen feet immediately below the surface the interval of time separating our highest remains from the First Dynasty would be very great; having no knowledge on that point I must none the less assume a certain gap and would attribute the clay-lump walls to a date not later than 3200 B.C. Excavation has now been carried down consistently over the area to a depth of five metres and five separate building-plans have been drawn up, some of them embracing modifications which imply a fairly long life-time or period of occupation. The pottery and stone vases found in these buildings resemble those in the rubbish strata outside the town, but certain forms occur which are represented in the lower strata only: apart from a few very simple shapes which are found in the earlier graves the pottery of these houses and that of the cemetery have nothing in common. The first four plans have a certain general resemblance sufficient to show that in spite of complete re-building the same tradition was responsible for the buildings on the site: with the fifth level(4.00-5.00 metres below the modern surface) the character of the construction changes altogether and at the same time the pottery, now abundant, changes entirely new forms appear and for the first time we encounter wares which in last year's trial pits were associated with the pre-Flood paint-:
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4. Though this is perhaps the most completely ruined of all the buildings yet excavated by us, its associations certainly make it of great interest. As regards the plan, the wide courtyard in front of E-dublal-makh is surrounded by a double wall of mud brick, and all the chambers which comprise Bel-Shalti-Nannar's quarters are lie between the two walls; thus the whole building answers very well the meaning of the word [?] \"E-gig-par\" used in the inscriptions. On the SE side of the court is a gateway immediately opposite to the door of E-dublal-makh and through it runs a road which has been traced for a considerable distance by means of the shallow drain along its centre; the drain empties into a brick conduit which crosses the road at right angles and runs across the Temenos and out through the \"Cyrus\" Gate. Between this drain and the SE wall of the great court of E-nun-makh (which has been identified in the course of this year's work) all remains of the Neo-Babylonian period have been destroyed by the denudation of the surface due to water action; and this destruction continues south to the building \"B\" found by Dr. Hall: allowing for this large blank area, I can say that by the close of this season we shall have a practically complete plan of the Late Babylonian buildings covering two thirds of the Temenos.At the present time work is going on on three sites; I have started to excavate the buildings (of the Larsa period) underlying Bel-Shalti-Nannar's cloister and the great courtyard of E-dublal-makh: we are looking for the assumed South Fort of the Neo-Babylonian E-temen-ni-il; and in front of the south staircase of the Ziggurat are laying bare what should prove to be the shrine of Nin-Gal, built by Nebuchadnezzar.As regards objects, apart from those already mentioned, we have a good many tablets, mostly business documents, a fine bronze dagger of the Kuri-Galzu period, a small bronze figure, perhaps from part of the foundation-deposit of Nabonidus' cloister, two bronze figurines of dogs, some good terra-cotta figurines, inscribed cones, a door-socket of Ur-Engur from the shrine of Nin-ni three fragments of a very large stela of the Sargonid time, a short inscription of Dungi from a statue, part of the torso of a statue of Dada-ilum dating from the first centuries of the third millennium B.C., a small silver duck-weight, etc., etc. The finds of pottery in well dated levels have been most useful for the historical classification of types.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report and with the financial statement accompanying it,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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4. water. The upper part of the king's figure and most of one angel preserved.Second register. At the right of the slab, traces of what seems to be a shrine or enclosure built of reeds; in front of this a male figure, either a statue or a ministrant on a raised base (only lower limbs remain) holds a flail or whip; facing him is a man holding in his arms a he-goat; he has cut off the head of the animal and pours the blood from the neck in front of the raised base. Behind him are two men engaged in sacrificing a bull; the beast lies on its back, one man holds its fore legs and sets his foot on the muzzle, the other bending down seems to be cutting open the body perhaps to examine the liver for omens. Another large but badly damaged fragment showing men making libations on a plain stump-like altar may belong to the same scene.Third register. It is doubtful whether this stone belongs here or is a part of a separate stela - we have not been able to handle these heavy blocks so as to make sure whether or not they may fit together. If all belong to one stone, this register has at its left end the seated figure of a god (or king) on a raised base, in front of him, but with his back turned to the throne, is a standing figure holding a whip, and then another which from the attitude (it is much damaged by flaking) may be a prisoner with his arms tied behind him.Fourth register. On the left, two men beating a colossal drum. Below these is a broad band of inscription recording the canals dug by the king.Fifth register. Subject unknown. I should add that besides the pieces illustrated in my photographs accompanying this report there are many smaller fragments some of which are quite fine and give large parts of figures. This great historical stela is far the most important object yet found at Ur - indeed the Stela of the Vultures in the Louvre is the only monument of Sumerian art which can be compared with it. To you, Sir, I need not insist upon its value, which fully repays all the cost of your Expedition up to date, but I should like to say that, in view of its fragmentary state, that I by no means despair of recovering more of it. The pieces found this year were so scattered, parts having been removed at an early date for use as building material, that there is every likelihood of more being found in other buildings not yet excavated. I venture to consider this the most encouraging as well as the most satisfying discovery that we have made on the site. In accordance with my programme I closed down work on February 28, and on the following day sent my foremen home to Terablus: the staff remains for the work of packing and final planning, but should leave Ur by March 10th. I write this in the train on my way to Basra, where I am lecturing tonight, and I shall lecture at Baghdad on the eleventh.:
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4.above this another wreath of leaves like willow-leaves with large gold flowers between, their petals inlaid with lapis and white shell. Under the edge of the rib hung enormous gold ear-rings; towering over the top of the head was a golden orname like a Spanish comb, shaped like a hand with seven fingers, each finger ending in a golden flower. The queen wore a tight-fitting necklace of lapis and gold, and lapis and gold bead garters round her knees. Over the upper part of the body was a cloak entirely covered with bead-work, vertical rows of beads in gold and lapis, carnelian and agate, with a border of beads set in horizontal groups of ten and fringed with dangling gold rings. The cloak was fastened on the right shoulder with three gold pins with lapis heads, and by the fastening were worn amulets - two gold fish and one of lapis, a lapis figure of a reclining calf, and a little group in gold of two antelopes. To each pin was attached a lapis cylinder seal, one of which was inscribed with the queen's name. By the side of the bier was a second crown. Against a background of minute gold and lapis beads sown on to a leather fillet were gold ornaments of a remarkable sort; besides conventional palmettes and flowers there were ears of corn, clusters of pomegranates, the fruit and leaves rendered with absolute realism, and pairs of little animals, stags and rams, antelopes and bearded bulls: taken by themselves the figures are admirable examples of miniature sculpture; reset in their original order they will form as dainty a head-dress as a queen could desire.Apart from these personal belongings the tomb produced three gold bowls, two of them plain, one decorated with fluting and engraved patterns, a gold strainer, a pair of cockle-shells in gold and another in silver, containing toilet pints; ten gold finger-rings, more ear-rings, quantities of beads, a set of eighteen fluted silver tumblers, many silver bowls, two of them fitted with drinking-tubes of gold and of lapis lazuli, the head of a bull in silver, silver lamps, thirty or more vases of alabaster and steatite, a copper brazier supported on bull's feet, and a mass of copper vessels, about a hundred and fifty objects in all.:
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4.Amongst the jewellery might be classed a small but excellently carved shell head of a panther with inlaid eyes and tongue; a curious object is an ostrich shell coloured red and encrusted with mother-o'-pearl and bitumen; shells with birds' heads engraved on them, used apparently as lamps, are not uncommon, and imitations of such in copper are also found.Copper vessels are numerous, and some are excellently preserved: stone vases are abundant: seventy or eighty cylinder seals have been found; tools and weapons in copper are most common: our catalogue for the season already comprises 1200 items in spite of the fact that we have entered very few clay pots and clay pots are most numerous of all.The types of burial are as follows. (1) The body, fully dressed, is wrapped in matting and laid on a mat at the bottom of the grave shaft, the objects being placed round it: these are the richest graves. In some cases there are clear signs of partial cremation, but in the upper levels such are increasingly rare. (2) The body is placed in a rectangular coffin made of wickerwork, some of the objects being put inside the coffin, the larger vessels outside it. (3) A wooden coffin is used, and the objects put with it may themselves be placed inside wooden or wickerwork boxes. (4) The coffin is an oval larnax made of clay; clay vases are set against the outside of the coffin, but very few objects are as a rule found inside. The circular clay vases which I described in my last report as very poor coffins are not really burials at all but dedication vases resembling those found by us last year below the foundations of prehistoric buildings, and they contain only small food saucers and animal bones.It is obvious that the interest and importance of these graves is great and fully justifies further work. Of course with the increasing number of graves dug the objects tend to duplicate themselves, but duplicates are welcome, within certain limits, and new types occur daily: each of the three Museums concerned will possess a very fine collection of small objects of the period.:
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4.An alabaster lamp with a figure of a man-headed bull carved in relief on its base skews a variant from the type given by a similar but later lamp found last season. Perhaps our best object is a copper sculpture in the round of a human head with bull's ears and horns, probably a unique p piece; this was found loose in the soil, not associated with any grave, and its use is also uncertain.On November 9 we found fairly high up in the soil a complex of mud-brick walls enclosing chambers filled with clay pots, animal bones and a few human remains; I came to the conclusion that this was a subterranean structure built in the filling of the shaft or a royal grave to contain the last sacrifices offerred to the dead; some five metres below this we have now got part of the \"death-pit\" with its 40 closely-strewn bodie [sic] of women and soldiers, - the burial place has not yet come to light. On November 12th, close to this other mud-brick building, there was found a similar structure in which with pottery and copper vases, animal remains and human bodies, there was a wooden box containing two daggers with gold blades (the wooden handles had perished) and a shell cylinder seal; most of the surface of the latter was decayed, but the inscription remained and read \"King Mes-kalam-dug\" As the grave of November 9th has produced the seal of a woman bearing the title \"Dam-kalam-dug\" - \"the wife of the good land\" - it must be supposed that kalam-dug is part either of a title or of a family name: Before the daggers were discovered arrangements had been made for the grave to be photographed at every stage of its excavation, and there is now a pictorial record of it covering several metres of depth. Within the building there was an elaborate stratification,:
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4.Any person who maliciously or negligently destroys or damages an antiquity shall be liable to a penalty to be fixed.5.No clearing of ground or digging with nthe object of finding antiquities shall be permitted, under penalty of fine, except to persons authorised by the competent Turkish Department.6.Equitable terms shall be fixed for expropriation, temporary or permanent, of lands which might be of historical or archaeological interest.7.Authorisation to excavate shall only be granted to persons who show sufficient guarantees of archaeological experience. The Turkish Government shall not, in granting these authorisations, act in such a way as to eliminate scholars of any nation without good grounds.8.The proceeds of excavations may be divided between the excavator and the competent Turkish Department in a proportion fixed by that Department. If division seems impossible for scientific reasons, the excavator shall receive a fair indemnity in lieu of a part of the find.:
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4.completed the filling of the shaft. Evidently the burial had been by stages, each marked by its ceremonies of fire and sacrifice, and while it was not a royal tomb it was certainly something quite out of the ordinary. The furniture of the graves shewed that they belonged to the time of the Second Dynasty of Ur, about 2800 B.C.; and about that period and dynasty we know nothing; arguments based on the Royal Cemetery of five hundred years earlier will scarcely help us here, and the significance of this unique group-burial must remain a mystery.C. Leonard WoolleyDirector of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia.:
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4.contains four chambers, two central domed rooms flanked by longcorbel-vaulted rooms; it is of stone throughout, the walls andfloors plastered with fine cement, and when we found it a gooddeal of the roofing was intact. As a building it is of great interest;unfortunately it had been plundered in antiquity, and apart from two silver lamps,scattered red beads and strips of gold foil with figure subjects in relief, the bindingof a sceptre encrusted with lapis lazuli and shell, it contained absolutely nothing. The bestsingle object of the month is a very fine copper claf's calf's head, togetherwith shell plaques, from a harp; it was found in an otherwise very poor \"death-pit\". By it werefound two curious copper objects which from representations on inlays from Kish and on the gold cylinder seal discovered this season we can identify as cymbals or castanets. The smaller graveshave produced good things but nothing of outstanding merit. At the beginning of the monthwe started again on the surface and have been digging down over a larger area than before; work is now getting to the most promising levels, though it is impossible to say whether there will be royal tombs there or no. Round and under the \"death-pit\" in which the calf's head was found, in one of the rubbish strata of the great dump in which the graves were dug, we came across a number of tablets. On these Father Burrows reports as follows; - \"This lot consisted of many hundred pieces of clay which were mostly, it seems, derived from purposely destroyed tablets and jar sealings. The good finds were 21 whole and 15 broken tablets, with their inscriptions well preserved; also 13 clay sealings containing archaic cylinder impressions. The tablets contain accounts. They are important documents:
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4.disappeared; this one, though broken in half, was complete, and a very fine example of modelling. Inside the chapel there stood on a low mud base which filled the [xx] sanctuary niche a statue of the goddess; it had been broken in antiquity and mended with bitumen and was embedded in the platform (the feet and lower part of the dress had been broken off) so that its original proportions were spoiled, but it had received no further damage after being set up where we found it. It is not a first-class work of art, but possesses none the less a certain quality which gives it value. A larger statue, also of white limestone and more elab-orate though less skillfully carved, shews the goddess in the convention-al flounced skirt; the eyes of the figure are inlayed in colour and on the crown of the head there is much yellow paint and incised [xxx] cross-bands which may represent the (greatly older) crossed gold hair-ribbons of the Royal Cemetery period. Just in front of the sanctuary door, of which the wooden frame and reed panels had left a marvellously clear impression on the soil, was a curious stone pillar, rectangular in section anddecorated at the top with roughly-cut figures of men and birds. Other objects included a water-buffalo's skull, a quantity of mace-heads, two clay model beds and a model chariot, and some tablets. I believe that small way-side chapels such as this, lying amongst houses but not con-nected with them, is a new thing in Sumerian archaeology.Many tablets have been found; most are \"contracts\", but there are also private letters, fragments of syllabaries etc., and there may be literary texts.As soon as this work on the tomb building is finished I hope to move part of the gang to a site I have selected for digging down deep:
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4.Dr. Chiera, Assistant Professor of Assyriology in the University of Pennsylvania, is stopping in the camp; he is anxious to learn something of field archaeology and therefore asked my permission to stay here on condition that he pay his own expenses during his visit; to this I have agreed.The health of all the members of your Expedition continues to be excellent.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report and the progress made by your ExpeditionI have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]DirectorJoint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia.:
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4.fixed to jars and to basket-work; two pieces (one as early as SIS.6)shew the impression of linen. In probably three instances the objectsealed was not a vessel but flat clay, - a sort of tablet made to re-ceive the impression, which in two cases is an inscription.:
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4.Free Firewood £15. 0. 0.Free agency at Basra (Strick's) £15 0. 0.Use of Railway Co-operative Society, foodstuffs, £ 12. 0. 0. (this may be doubled)Special rates for oil and petrol, saving £6. 0. 0. (up to date)There are other items into which I have not gone as yet, but the above willshow the sort of thing I mean. If something I a am trying comes off I shall be ableto add to the above £200. And here is another thing.The Royal Air Force has, at myrequest, made a splendid series of air photos of Ur, and a mosaic map of the neigh-bourhood from the air; to get this done normally would cost hundreds of pounds; Iam offered the whole set of negatives for £30, the bare cost of the plates, and am trying to secure them for nothing; you will understand that this is done for me asrepresenting the British Museum, and that the Air Ministry would certainly not sancti-ion it for a non-British institution.You will not think that because I am emphasising here what is due to the Brit-ish Museum's participation in the Expedition I am biassed towards it; I am simplyputting up a fight for my own show, which is a joint one. It may now be to the inter-est of that show to let these indirect contributions of the British Museum figure onthe balance-shhet from which they have been suppressed hitherto, in order that theymay be met by a cash equivalent from your side. That of course is for you and Kenyonto decide, but for my own part I have to decide how long we can go on here an I feeljustified, pending news from Kenyon, in regarding these contributions as real andwarranting a quid pro quo; i.e., I can add that much to the total grant as limitedby the British Museum's subscription to the Joint Fund. I quite believe that yourdecision will already have made this assumption on my part unnecessary, - but I haveto know how I stand.This is terribly long screed, but I have sacrificed brevity to clearness.:
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4.gether with an arched cabin amidships; on one side is seen a man standing at the boat's stern while in the cabin is a boar, on the other side there is a goose in the cabin and tied against the stern two fish; the style is most primitive, and the object cannot be later than 3000 B. C. Of course we at once christened it \"Noah's Ark\", but it really must be an ex voto illustrating the life of the people in the marsh districts of southern Mesopotamia, a life exactly like that of their Marsh Arabs of today.Then, a foot or so further into the rubbish beneath the late pavement, we came upon the main \"find\". Lying touching each other in the soil, and absolutely intact, there were two statues of rams. They were carved in white gypsum, sixteen inches high, and only the fore parts are sculptured, the body tapering off to a formless block, so that probably they were let into a solid structure from which the head and half the body would project, perhaps, seeing that there is a hole through the body of each which would well take a rail, they were the supports of a throne, the throne of the god Ea of Eridu, whose symbol was the ram. Certainly as such they would be most effective, for the highly stylized treatment of the animal forms is quite architectural; the lines are strong and simple, and the black paint which picked out the horns, eyes and hooves was calculated to give vivacity without undue insistance on detail. I am inclined to attribute the rams to 3000 B. C. or rather earlier.It is pleasant to announce so successful an opening of our season's work; I can hardly do so without thanking those in England who by their help to the British Museum's fund have made the season possible: I trust that they will feel that their generosity has been already not without reward.:
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4.ground agrees exactly with what we found three years ago, a temple whose rested upon the walls of an underground temple built as its foundation and reproducing it in every detail so that today we walk with lanterns through the dark chambers, originally filled with sand, of what was the real \"house of god\" from which the visible building above it derived its sanctity.Meanwhile, in another part of the field, we are excavating the defences of the Sacred Area. Here walls and fortifications are coming to light of which the latest dates from the time of Nebuchadnezzar and the earliest are contemporary with the great Ziggurat, the work of Ur-Engur in the [word crossed out, and twenty-third written above] century before Christ. It is a complicated task to unravel the tangle of systems, where every wall has been breached and repaired, raised with later masonry or faced with fresh revetments, or again allowed to fall into ruin and be [word crossed out here] replaced by something new; much more work must be done before all the vicissitudes of the site's history can be clearly read.In excavations such as these, where the prime aim is the history of buildings, few objects can be expected, and relatively few have been found; amongst them is one which for its historical importance is well in keeping with our work. It is a small clay label from a basket or parcel bearing a rough inscription of half a dozen signs; but the signs are in a \"proto-Arabic\" script of which only three or four examples have hitherto been known. It probably dates from the n inth[sic] or tenth century B.C., and for the history of writing it is a document of the greatest value.C. Leonard Woolley [signature, with \"swoosh\" below]:
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4.I enclose a photograph; copper tools, terra-cottas and pottery form the bulk of the remainder.On the inscriptional material found this season Dr. Legrain reports as follows;-\"The most important historical texts recovered may be presented thus in chronological order.-1. Pre-Sargonic: two fragments of perforated plaques in black or blueish limestone with early Sumerian figures in relief and votive inscriptions or building memorials;part of an inscribed alabaster cup of Nin-meta-barri daughter of Ansir;\" \" porphyry cup of Naram-Sin with later inscription of Dungi's daughter; a 20-maneh stone weight of Tuto son of Samaani; a travertine v vase with linear inscription to Amageshtin.2. Gudea Period: travertine vase of E-an-ni-pad-da son of Ur-bau; marble vase of Gudea dedicated to Nin-mah, a cone of the same to Dumuzi-abzu.3. IIIrd. Ur Dynasty: a) Ur-Nammu. Door-sockets dedicated to Nin-Sim, to Nin-E-Gal, to Innina, Nin-azag-Nun-Na, and to Nin-Gal from the temple of Gig-Par-Azag; a large coral limestone dish dedicated to Nin-Gal.b) Dungi. Four copper foundation-tablets and statuettes to Dim-tabba; a seal impression of a servant of the same goddess; a diorite statue of the king himself dedicated to Nannar; a steatite dish presented for his life; a duck-weight to his name presented to Nin-Gal; an official seal of one of his servants.c.) Bursin. Over 15 door-sockets from the Gig-Par-Azag of Nin-Gal; several royal seals of his servants; a black stone dish of En-mah-gal-an-na (eponym of the 9th year).d.) Gimil-Sin. Several royal seals of his servants; one door-socket to him:
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4.I regret that Dr. Weidner of Berlin has published a long illustrated account of the work at Ur without any acknowledgement to the two Museums; I enclose a copy of a letter I have written on this subject.I send you two copies of this letter in case you think it best to forward one to Gordon; I should have done so myself but for the fact his correspondence was addressed to you but I think that he would wish to see this.I have made very little progress with the final report on Tell el Obeid, and fear that it will not by any means be ready by the time I leave England. I had hoped to do better, but it is slow work.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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4.ician work; the best objects included in it were a small paint-pot in the form of a sphinx, closely resembling a column-base from Assyria now in the British Museum, and a comb having on either side an engraving of a bull, extraordinarily fine both in design and in execution. There was also found a brick with an inscription in a script which we have not been able to identify: I send photographs of this as well as of the Phoenician box-lid. [?]From E-Nun-Maḫ the gang was transfered to the SW face of the Ziggurat. The original excavations here had gone down only to the Neo-Babylonian level, and Mr. Mallowan's work at the end of last season when he discovered wall of the Third Dynasty and earlier, had still to be completed; I was also anxious to obtain material for a full plan of the surroundings of the Ziggurat in the Third Dynasty and Larsa periods with a view to complete publication. This work is now almost finished; the plans of the SW side are being drawn up by Mr. Whitburn and only a few details may have to be ascertained by further digging: this, and the clearing to foundation level of the SE face, I am reserving for such times as may find us overwhelmed by material from the graves, to which the arrival of my case from London enabled me to return. One good object resulted from the Ziggurat work, a complete diorite duck-weight with an inscription of Dungi.The graves at the SE end of the Temenos, of which we have now had at the end of December excavated 180, are in every may remarkable. They are found at all depths from half a metre to four metres and a half, but though there is naturally some difference of date between them all are very early. I must confess that I am not yet sure of their exact date. In some cases signs of partial cremation offer analogies with Farah, and the few tablets found, with a semi-pictorial script, support this: the objects as a whole closely resemble those of the \"A\" Cemetery at Kish, except that the characteristic vases with anthropomorphic handles are entirely wanting, - and the \"A\" Cemetery should antedate al'Ubaid: the pottery is for the most part like that of al'Ubaid: the cylinder seals, in some cases:
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4.indispensable. After much consideration I have decided to install a small electric light plant in the Expedition house. I have the offer of a plant at the very reasonable price of £50, the whole complete in working order. £50 is a heavy expense to incur on my limited budget and at a late date in the season; but at present I am losing so much of the valuable time of myself and my staff that to incur even this expense seems the more economical course; and if, as I have been instructed to assume throughout, the Expedition is to be continued in future seasons, the can be no doubt about the wisdom of the step. It sounds rather absurd to say that adequate lighting by lamps cannot be secured, but such is the conclusion I have come to after two months of experiment; it is probably due to the fact that most English establishments in the country are provided with electric light, and the natives are content with the minimum of illumination.I should observe that a very large proportion of my grant for this season's work has been expended on permanent assets of the Expedition; indeed, next year the preliminary expenses will be quite small, as the Expedition is now well equipped; I can only hope that even without taking that fact into account the results of this year's work may be held to justify the total amount spent on attaining them. Trusting that you will be satisfied with the above report of the progress of your Expedition during the last month,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signature] C. Leonard WoolleyDirector of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum andof the University Museum of Philadelphia toMesopotamia.:
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4.main result of the work during January. I enclose photographs of the plans of the former, and of the more interesting object.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report and with the financial statement accompanying it,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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4.ments of the Eastern Bank though those may bear very small relation to the details of the Joint Account as balanced between the two Museums.As I have said above, those details are not my concern, but I might help matters by going for a moment outside my province. When Sir Frederic Kenyon on Feb. 5. submitted to Dr. Gordon a revised statement of the liabilities and credits of the University Museum, shewing that the balance from 1924-1925 was only £21.8.5. in the Museum's favor and that a contribution of £125 was still due for the current season, he was undoubtedly relying on the calculation (quoted by me above) of £484.11.7. as the sums paid direct to Dr. Legrain; thus;- balance, 21. 8. 5. Oct. 12. remitted, 1000. 0. 0. Dec. 12. remitted, 869. 0. 0. direct payments, 484. 11. 7. due 125. 0. 0. Total £2500. 0. 0.and Dr. Gordon's letter of April 14. accepting these figures and remitting the sum of £125. warranted by use of those figures. Of course I am not arguing that the sum actually paid out was not £503.1.10.: I am only pointing out that I could not be responsible for a figure which had never been mentioned to me and was bound to accept that agreed upon by both Directors. Ins rectification would add £18. 10. 3. to both sides of my account and so would affect the totals but not the balance of my statement.Leaving out of account then that sum of £18. 10. 3., which affects neither my expenditure nor my liabilities and must be arranged between the two Museums, my figure of £5171. 18. 5. must be allowed to stand, the November total being emended as explained on the basis of its several detailed items. Then of my summarized account (your page 2) item A. has been approved by both Directors; item B. is a correct copy of the Bank account, though actually it includes £125 ultimately derived from the University Museum; item C. is also a correct copy of the Bank's account, though it:
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4.portant structures with burnt-brick walls from one-and-a-half to two metres thick; to one of these, which must be a temple, belongs the decorated wall which first attracted our attention. below these again lies another building, of mud brick, remains of which we have up to the present discovered only in one spot, under the floor of one room of the lowest burnt-brick building, but what we have found is remarkable. Half-way between two walls with projecting antae is a column of mud brick on a burnt-brick base; the column is built with a central circular brick surrounded by seven segmental bricks. Hitherto the Gudean columns of Tello have had, I believe, no parallel in the early historical period and the use of the column in classical Sumerian architecture has been largely discounted; we cannot yet date our building but it is certainly early, possibly as early as the Third Dynasty, and the discovery must be reckoned as of great importance. I hope that we shall be able to clear the entire building by the end of the season.As was to be expected, work on the wall has produced little in the way of objects; a few tablets and some grave small objects chiefly of Neo-Babylonian and Persian date from graves under house-floors have been found, but nothing calling for description.For the last two years we have been hampered by lack of space for storing and studying objects and this year, with masses of bulky pottery, were still more embarassed. I have therefore built a new garage and enlarged the old garage and turned it into a store-room for antiquities; the alterations cost less than £20 and are fully justified by the usefulness of the new room, which is already full.We have received a visit from Dr. Jordan, director of the Warka:
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4.stood on either side of the Shrine's entrance. The little building was surprisingly complete, undisturbed since it was last used by the worshippers; one detail sufficed to shew how little it had suffered. The sanctuary door had been made with a wooden frame and inset panels of reed; it had been left standing half open and the mud brick and rubbish fallen from above had buried it for half its height. Reeds to the height of four or five feet. Reeds and wood had vanished, but their impression was stamped on the hard soil, and we were able to photograph the statue on its base through a doorway in which the semblance of the door stood ajar.C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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4.the use of adobe construction in the walls, which is also employed inthe shaft structures of the royal tombs; levels B, C and D have herring-bone walls like those associated with the semi-pictographic tablets oflast year and with this season's \"Seal Impression Strata\" No. 5.: thepottery etc. from these levels shews little change from the earliertomb types. At level E (4.40m. down) the pottery changes and the formsand wares of the later (main) cemetery at al 'Ubaid appear as charac-teristic: this proves what I had suspected for some time, namely thatI was wrong in making that cemetery contemporary with the al 'Ubaidtemple, - it really antedates the First Dynasty of Ur by a good manycenturies. Level F, and to a less extent Level G, are characterisedby a peculiar type of goblet found here in vast numbers; it does notoccur in the graves or at al 'Ubaid but is common in Seal ImpressionStrata 4 and 5 and (again in great numbers) in the stratum immediatelyabove water-level at Kish. Painted pottery begins in Level G and is common in Level H (the foundations of whose walls come at 7.20 m down, but nearly all the wares are either plain red or xxx decorated with simple bands of red or chocolate on a light ground; in these strata wefind many small cones for wall decoration such as that recorded atWarka by Loftus. Rarely on the floors of this level H but very commonly below them and down to 9.00 m come fine examples of the three-colouredpottery known from Jemdet Nasr; no complete vases have been found, butthe fragments are of the best quality with elaborate designs. Between8.50m. and 9.00m. we begin to get fragments of the fine thin-walled al'Ubaid cups and bowls with black decoration on a light, generally green-ish ground. A provisional sequence can be tabulated as follows; -:
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4.Through the kindness of members of the Royal Air Force I have been able to obtain excellent air photos of Tell el Obeid and of Ur, the latter showing last season's work on the Temenos wall and E-Nun-Makh, and the clearance of the SW face of the Ziggurat.I hope in the course of the next few days to send to you my financial statement for the month, and also reports on the work for publication in the Press.The health of the members of the staff continues to be good.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report and with the progress of your Expedition as shewn thereinI have the honour to be, Sir Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley Director, Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia:
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4.unfavorably on a sterling contract. For, (passing to your point 3 for the moment) I confess I cannot follow your argument that final results will be exactly the same. The raising of the price of the volume in America in proportion to the decline of the dollar against sterling will of course mean that the gross receipts from the sale of the volume will not be affected by the fall of the dollar; but in so far as the loss caused by the need to pay the initial bill for the volume in depreciated dollars has to be met out of the receipts the sum available for future volumes is of course diminished.In saying this I am assuming, as I have done throughout, that the Publication fund stands by itself and must meet its own com- mitments; I have not visualised the possibility that your Board, re- garding the Fund as peculiar to the University Museum, should feel that any shortage in it would have to be met by them independently of the British Museum; rather I have supposed that if the Carnegie Grant were for any reason exausted before the series of volumes was complete the remaining books would be financed in the ordinary way by the Joint Expedition. In other words (and here I revert to your point 2 ) I have assumed that the Carnegie grant, though made en- tirely to the University Museum, was strictly speaking a Join Ex- pedition fund and that that being so my expenditure from it could, like other actions of mine refering to the Joint Expedition, be ap- proved by Sir George Hill acting for both Museums. This belief was due to my reading of the original memorandum (of which a copy is in your files), which was made in the name of the two museums and described the difficulties of each in:
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4.were ceded to the Expedition. Of major objects Baghdad took the gold-headed harp and the plaster cast of a harp with copper bull's head, gold fluted tumbler, gold cylinder seal, silver bowl with figure of goats in relief, copper head of a god with bull's ears and horns, inscribed stone mace-head with human-headed bulls, fragment of shell inlay with the head of a soldier, painted pot, one gold dagger; the Expedition obtained the two silver harps, the two statues of rams, alabaster lamp with human-headed bull in relief, copper head of a bull with shell and lapis lazuli plaques, gold dagger, cylinder seal of king Nes-kalam-dug scepter fragments with reliefs on gold. Undoubtedly the lion's share has gone to Iraq, as is necessarily the case, but the Expedition has every reason to be satisfied with the division which gives it such objects as the ram statues and the silver harps.In accordance with the requirement of the Director of Antiquities certain of the things allotted to the Expedition have been taken to Baghdad for preliminary exhibition there and will be sent on to London presently; certain of those taken by Baghdad will also be sent for restoration or for electrotyping.In order to make my connections for America I left Ur with my wife on Feb. 25, leaving Mr. Mallowan to complete the packing and to arrange the dispatch of the antiquities; Father Burrows remained for the baking and packing of the last lot of tablets found on the town wall site. All work of excavation had closed down on the 23rd. The usual steps have been taken for the safeguarding of the site during our absence.In accordance with precedent I propose not to submit accounts for the month of February but to leave these over so that the ex-:
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4.west half there lies blown sand from one to two metres deep. Up the the present we have cleared part of the NW end and along the NE front and are working towards the centre, but only the upper levels are as yet being fully excavated, and the lower buildings have for the most part been but tapped, even in those sections which we have left behind us in our advance.On the surface we find scanty traces of a building of the late Neo-Babylonian or Persian period. Below this is a large building, preserved only at the SE end of the site, built of mud brick and probably of the time of Sin-balatsu-ikbi, though of its actual authorship we have no proof. It has produced a quatity of pottery and a fair number of tablets, school exercises and syllabaries. The building over-lies and to some degree incorporates in itself the ruins of a more solid construc-tion in mud brick over burnt brick foundations which belongs to the Kassite time and is probably the work of Kuri-Galzu. Below this again is the main building, a vast complex of admirable construction in burnt brickincluding at its NW end a large temple apparently of normal plan, and towards the SE a great building which so far as can be seen at present is of a type not before encountered at Ur. At the NW end the Kassite walls come down virtually to the old pavement level and much of the old work is re-used; at the SW end the Kassites were building over high-piled debris, and beneath their foundations the older walls, forming an entirely different ground-plan, are standing to a height of six or eight feet and the strata in which objects are likely to occur are undisturbed.Already we have been able to recover from inscriptions much of the history of the old building. It was dedicated to Nin-Gal. Ur-Engur seems to have put up a shrin here and called it the E-Gig-Par-Azag, and his grandson Bur-Sin is credited with the founding of the whole building, which he calls by the same name. After the havoc wrought by the Elamites the kings of Isin and Larsa undertook wholesale restoration and most of the existing building is due to them and most of their names figure in:
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4.[BEGINNING OF LINE OBSCURED DURING SCAN] are the most ancient things we find at Ur. Of Nebuchadnezzar's building little remains except a well and a drain solidly constructed of brick and bitumen, the latter now left high up in the air above Kuri-galzu's floor.Now it is the end of the season. The division of spoil with the Iraq Museum has taken place, many of the objects are already on their way home and the rest are waiting to be packed; the next task is their cleaning and restoration in the laboratories of the British Museum [handwritten], their exhibition during the summer and finally their division between the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.:
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4.[Encircled number 11 added in handwriting in the top right corner]that worn by Shub-ad, while a miniature set of silver vessels tumbler and bowls, seemed pathetically appropriate. A most ^very interesting discovery was that of a harp. The woodwork of the frame had all perished but luckily a workman noticed in good time the holes left by it in the soil, and by filling these with plaster of Paris we obtained a complete cast of the harp's body to which was attached the bull's head of copper inlaid with lapis lazuli: the the most astonishing thing was that when the earth was carefully cut away to expose the cast there were found yet surviving as lines of white fibrous powder the ten cat-gut strings! Prominent amongst our other finds objects are a copper statue-head of a god having a human face and the horns and ears of a bull, and a painted clay pot whose connections with Kish and the circumstances of its finding here are most important for comparative chronology.At the present moment we are just starting on the low stratum where according to last year's experience and the indications of this season's work the best tombs may be expected; it will be interesting to see whether the theories we have formed of \"vertical connections\" are always justified by facts.by C. LEONARD WOOLLEYDirector of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum & of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia.:
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4.[note, penciled bracket apparently carried over from previous page] yet found here.The houses excavated were so clearly representative of such others as wemight expect to find in the mound that, having already a good number of them and a fair idea of the system of town planning I decided, in view of the paucity of objects, to test another site, reserving the option of returning and clearing a larger house area later on if desirable.[note, penciled bracketing opens here labelled \"6\" in the margin] Between the Tomb [?Mound?] dug last year and the \"Palace\" site first excavated by Dr. Hall there was a considerable area about which nothing was known although its denuded appearance did not inspire any high hopes. At the same time it was most desirable to fill in the large gap which it represented on the plan of the Temenos, and I therefore transferred the men to it as their workon the houses drew to an end.In the first hour or so the surface soil yielded a building cone of Libit-Ishtar, a diorite head of a ram, and the forepart and head of a small lion carved in calcite, the base of a statuette of a god: but these good objects had no successors, and the [note, close of penciled bracketing labelled \"6\" in the margin] building remains were quite disappointing: certain broad features of the topography of the Temenos can be recovered, but very little of the detail. The buildings (Third Dynasty and Larsa) are ruined down to their foundations and below them we have found hitherto (work is still in progress) only crude mud terraces apparently of prehistoric date. [Note, beginning of penciled bracketing labelled \"11\" in the margin] On the 26th November most of the men were again [Note, the word \"again\" is circled] moved, this time to cut a long and deep trial trench across the unexplored part of the site lying between the south-east wall of the Nebuchadnezzar Temenos and the heavy buttressed wall runing south-east of the \"Palace\", which I believe to be itself the boundary wall of the earlier Temenos; [Note, close of penciled bracketing labelled \"11\" in the margin] the first day's work here has produced nothing in the shape ofwalls, but votive deposits of pottery, a model canoe in bitumen 75 centimetres long, and a bowl containing beads and some small gold ornaments.My present purpose is to keep the bulk of the men on this trench, as it is essential to learn the nature of this large area within the Temenos walls, which can5:
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4.[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"12\" opens here]this it appears to have been considered insufficient for the city'ssafety, for close to it on the NE, just outside the lines of theold wall, we have exposed the greater part of a second external fortobviously of the same date though also of unknown authorship. It isa rectangle with double gateways leading to a central court; the ? walls, of burnt brick, are over twenty feet thick; it seems to besuch a tower as we might expect to find guarding the entry to the town. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"12\" closes here]The defences of Ur underwent many changes, but we have shownthat in every period they were imposing in their strength and so interesting in their character as to call for the complete excavationto which this work of ten days was meant as a prelude.C. LEONARD WOOLLEYDirector of the Joint Expedition of the BritishMuseum and of the Museum of the University ofPennsylvania to Mesopotamia:
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4.[Note: a penciled bracket opens here labeled \"27\" in the margin] part from their size, that they had served some other purpose which I cannot determine. In one spot there were scattered a great number of beads of carnelian and lapis and gold, together with gold pendants of different types. Close to them was a gold adze with the gold binding of it red wooden handle capped with silver, a very fine piece. At some distance from these there lay a broad silver baldric (again with no sign of any body) to which were attached a cylinder seal of white shell much decayed, a \"vanity-case\" and a dagger. The vanity-case was of gold, decorated with applied filigree work, and in it, held together by a silver ring, were a pick, tweezers and spoon all of gold. The dagger was even better. The handle was a single piece of richly coloured lapis adorned with gold studs, the guard of gold filigree; the sheath was all of gold, the back plain except for two bands of beading, the front entirely covered with exquisite filigree of admirable design. It is in perfect condition, the finest object yet found in any Mesopotamian excavations and one of the earliest known examples of working in gold, dating as it does from about 3500 B.C. [Note: the penciled bracket labeled \"27\" closes here]In the division Baghdad has naturally taken the dagger and the vanity-case. We have secured the gold spear, adze and chisels, as well as the gold bull described in an earlier report, the miniature gold bird on a pear, the engraved gold diadem with figures of men and animals, the fragmentary limestone plaque with the chariot scene, a silver axe, quantities of gold beads and pendants and small ornaments, fine cylinder seals, and an equal share of copper and stone objects, the Phoenician inscription on ivory, silver bowls, lamp, head ornament, a gold pin with lapis head (the shaft as well as the head of gold), the shell figure of a seated bull, the shell plaque with a figure of a naked priest, the delicate gold and lapis chain, other gold chains, the diorite head of a ram, a large pre-historic mud head of a man with painted eyes, and many other objects. Of course our finest things have been taken by Baghdad, but the season has been so rich that what is left to us forms an astonishingly rich collection. Apart from a few outstanding32:
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4.[the number 19 is written in pencil and circled in the right upper corner]The composition is precisely that to which we have been accustomed bythe engravings on shell plaques, but here we have it executed in theround, on a large scale and in precious materials; the workmanship isadmirable and the colour-scheme is most striking: baroque as they are,these gay statues seem to be more rather rather of the school of Benvenuto than products of early Sumerian art as we should have imagined it. It should be added that they are not to be judged not as free art but applied, for a socket above the shoulders of each ram shews that they were really the supports for some article of furniture or arnament [sic] which has disappeared leaving no more trace of itself; whatever it was it was a very gorgeous object.The \"death-pit\" has still to be cleared of its remaining gold In themean time we are digging down from the modern surface in the hopes offinding beneath it the actual tomb to which this should the introduction.[NB There is a pencil line running vertically down the left side of the two paragraphs with the number 18 by the line starting with \"be added that they are\".]:
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42.Taylor's building has also proved most interesting. The central part is of burnt brick with enormously thick walls decorated with pannelling and with arched doorways; round this are smaller rooms built in mud brick. The building as it stands is a Court of Justice, and its upper level dates from the time of Nabonidus, the last king of Babylon (550. B. C. ). In one little room, evidently a kitchen, for there lay all about the floor querns and stone grinders, and the wall was deeply burned with the fire from the rude hearth, we found, broken and discarded, a beautiful little ivory casket of Egyptian work character, its sides carved in relief with a row of dancing girls who hold each others hands and form a ring round the whole. The same building has produced a good limestone relief of the time of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and several inscribed door-sockets, including one magnificent example in green stone with an important inscription of Sinbalatsu-ikbi, who was the Assyrian governor of the town in the seventh century B. C. A great deal of work remains to be done here, but already we know that the building was originally the main gate of the Sacred Area and dates from a very early period; it was only after many vicissitudes that it fell into disuse as a gate and became a court of justice, - the result of the ancient tradition whereby the judges \"sat in the gate\" to give judgement.:
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4gold bowl and a gold strainer. A pair of cockle-shells in gold and another in silverwere amongst the toilet utensils. There were 18 silver tumblers, fluter and engraved,a silver jug, a silver bowl with a gold drinking-tube and another with the drinking-tube covered with lapis, many silver bowls and saucers, about thirty stone vessels and many in copper. With these was a very finely modelled bull's head in silver, froma statue, with shell plaques on its chest; the wooden body had disappeared.The body lay on a wooden bier, almost hidden beneath two huge votive lamps of sil-ver. Round the knees were garters of lapis and gold beads; on the hands were ten goldrings, seven with a simple cable design in gold, three inlaid with lapis. The upperpart of the body was entirely covered with a mass of beads in gold, lapis, carnelianand agate, which had formed a beaded cloak fastened over the right shoulder and arm;the beads were of course all loose, and much disordered, but the general design of thecloak could be made out and it should not be difficult to reproduce it fairly faith-fully. The fastenings were composed of three large gold pins with lapis beads, to eachof which was attached a big lapis cylinder seal; by the fastening, on the right arm,were three amulets in the form of fish, two in gold, one in lapis, a gold amulet inthe form of two seated antelopes, and, by the shoulder, one of lapis in form of areclining calf hung on big beads of lapis and agate. Round the neck was a \"dog-collar\"made of gold and lapis triangles and a small beads. On the head was an elaborate head-dress so large that it could only have been worn over an artificial wig; a broad goldribbon passed several times round the lower part of the head, in a gentle spiral, andtwo strands of it passed over the crown to the nape of the neck: A wreath of triplestring of beads from which hung large gold rings ran across the forehead; above thiswas another string with big mulberry-leaf pendants of gold; above this again a thirdstring of gold and lapis beads with small drop pendants, long slender gold leaveslike willow-leaves in sets of three, and gold flowers with inlaid petals of blue andwhite. From the back of the head rose an ornament rather like a Spanish ?comb?,broadening to a triangle having seven long this points connected by wires, and at the:
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4I have already in a preliminary report announced to you the discovery of the burial-place of the kings of the Third Dynasty of Ur. To what I then said there is not a great deal to add. The building lies at the edge of the old cemetery and is covered by the earth dumps thrown up during the last two seasons; the removal of these and the cutting through of the Temenos Wall of Nebuchadnezzar, which runs right across the site, make the work very heavy, and there are intermediate buildings which have to be cleared and planned before the main level is reached. It now appears that two additions were made by Bur-Sin to the original building by Dungi; at the NW end is an annexe containing the great corbel-vaulted tomb, at the SE what may be an approach with elaborate rounded buttresses, a very striking architectural feature. Of the Dungi building we have now cleared about half the central court and five chambers two of which, lying above the deep tomb-shaft and the vaulted passages, have virtually disappeared, but the corner room in the building, that next to the tomb-shaft, presents most interesting features. Along the base of two walls runs a low brick bench with long bitumen-lined channels leading into cup-like hollows; a large square base of pedestal projecting into the middle of the room has on its top face six shallow troughs, also made of bitumen, which run parallel with the edge of the base, in pairs, then turn at right angles and end in grooves running down the front of the base into six small hearths which were found by us full of ashes; a projection from the base has a similar trough and hearth. These suggested to me that some kind of scented oil had been placed in porous jars over the channels and allowed to trickle down into the fires below; actually a text from:
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4it's only fair to you at a distance that I should say something to you on that point. The only definite job for which Mrs Keeling volunteered last season was the drawings for the catalogue and for reproduction. This isn't in itself a big enough thing to justify the employment of a special paid assistant, but Mallowan, who writes the catalogue, couldn't draw at all, & the work would therefore have fallen on me; I have quite enough on my hands as it is & was only too thankful to be relieved of this. Actually, though she didn't undertake the housekeeping, Mrs Keeling did a great deal in looking after the servants & keeping the house decent & comfortable, as all of us were quick to recognize with gratitude, & that too saved me a good deal of time: also by taking charge of visitors & acting as guide she saved me a vast amount, -- for one can't refuse to shew round visitors who have come a long way to see the dig, but they so waste one's time frightfully. Lastly I do think that the:
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4it's only fair to you at a distance that I should say something to you on that pointThe only definite job for which Mrs Keelingvolunteered last season was the drawings for thecatalogue & for reproduction. This isn't in itself abig enough thing to justify the employment ofa special paid assistant, but Mallowan, whowrites the catalogue, couldn't draw at all, & thework would therefore have fallen on me; I havequite enough on my hands as it is & was onlytoo thankful to be relieved of this. Actually, thoughshe didn't undertake the housekeeping, Mrs Keelingdid a great deal in looking after the servants &keeping the house decent & comfortable, as all ofus were quick to recognise with gratitude, &that too saved me a good deal of time: also intaking charge of visitors & acting as guide shesaved me a vast amount,--for one can'trefuse to shew round visitors who have come along way to see the dig, but they do waste one'stime frightfully. Lastly I do think that the:
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4TELEGRAMS, \"AQUILÃ, LONDON\"TELEPHONE Nos REGENT 4024 & 4025ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB,ST. JAMES'S STREET,S.W.he was in the strict sense of the word 'doped' is doubtful. On Friday 22nd the doctor stated that he was almost certainly insane. On the 23rd he was formally examined before a magistrate & remitted to be kept under observation: he has twice made violent attacks upon his attendants, though at other times he is quiet and indifferent to his surroundings. The doctor in charge opposed my visiting him in person.I have seen the U.S. Consul General and arranged with him that Mr. Hunter, after the necessary formalities (which will probably take a fortnight) shall be sent back to the United States by the Consulate, with or without attendance as the medical authorities may deem necessary. Dr. Taylor of the Holborn Institution has elicited the fact that Mr. Hunter was examined in the United States before his departure, as a neurotic (or mentally affected?) subject.I have informed the Consul General that the funds for Mr. Hunter's return will be forthcoming from the Expedition.:
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4The most important inscription yet found is cut on the upper arm and back of the statue found by the Nabonidus gate. This states that the object is a figure of Enannatum, son of Entemena, king of Lagesh, and proceeds to give the genealogy of this king, and to name the buildings erected by his fathers. There are four columns containing 5 & 13 & 21 & 22 & 14 & 13 registers, 88 in all. The writing is but slightly weathered, and only two or three registers are broken, so that the whole inscription is a very important addition to the series of royal inscriptions found at Tell Loh. My copy [superscript * inserted here] of this text is merely a first attempt. [ * to follow shortly in margin]A number of unbaked tablets were found lying near the temenos wall, which prove to be mostly of the Persian period, only a few bear early date formerly formulae. One large tablet inscribed with a literary text in the Akkadian language was found in a chamber in the temenos wall, but is unfortunately in bad condition. In ENUN-MAH [subscript v inserted under the H of MAH]a considerable number of business documents of the Sumerian period,unbaked and mostly broken, has served to increase the collection in this respect.Some fifteen large clay cones, in good or fairly good preservation have been dug out of the well, and provide a great deal of entirely new information. All of them are building inscriptions of Arad-Sin or Rim-Sin, seven of the textx are new, while three of them serve to complete texts previously published. It is clear that the temmple of EN-GIS-SIR-GAL [superscripts \"v\" inserted over both of the S's], besides the main shrine of Nannar and the shrine of Nin-gal already excavated, contained similar shrines for an interesting group of Babylonian deities of whose character little is known. Tammuz, Nergal, and Ilbaba besides:
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4[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"22\" opens here] Sumerians were acquainted with the corbel vault, the true arch and the pendentive dome. The discovery that this is so is perhaps more important than that of any of the objects. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"22\" closes here][note: a penciled bracket labeled \"23\" opens here] Behind the tomb just described there was another chamber built of stone and roofed with brick: constructionally it is not park of the same building but is only abutted on it: [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"23\" closes here][note: a penciled bracket labeled \"29\" opens here] I am strongly inclined to believe that it her tomb is slightly later in date than the first plundered vaulted tomb (though the floor level is rather lower) and is to be connected with the grave area (C) described in my last report above; in fact I believe that here we have the missing tomb to which that area was an appanage. In that case the plundered tomb is that of the (nameless?)king her husband [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"29\" closes here] [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"27\" opens here] the present chamber, unplundered, is that of [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"27\" closes here] [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"30\" opens here] his queen was buried after him but as nearly as might be in the same grave, though with an independent shaft and individual sacrifices. The [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"30\" closes here] [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"28\" opens here] a queen is named on her lapis cylinder seal \"Shub-ad;\" the seal on one of her grooms inscribed \"Lugal Shaq-pad-da\" may identify her husband. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"28\" closes here][note: a penciled bracket labeled \"31\" opens here] The tomb of the queen produced a very great number of objects; [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"31\" closes here] the cataloguing of these is not yet complete and many have yet to be photographed, so that my report must be rather summary. [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"32\" opens here] There are two plain oval gold bowls, one with a wire handle, one fluted gold bowl and a gold strainer. A pair of cockle-shells in gold and another in silver were amongst the toilet utensils. There were 18 silver tumblers, fluted and engraved, a silver jug, a silver bowl with a gold drinking-tube and another with the drinking-tube covered with lapis, many silver bowls and saucers, about thirty stone vessels and many in copper. With these was a very finely modeled bull's head in silver, from a statue, with shell plaques on its chest; the wooden body had disappeared. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"32\" closes here]:
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4[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"6\" opens here and includes all text on the page up to the typed signature of Mr. Woolley](c. 2000 B.C.), blocked the court still further with a base whose foundations go down to prehistoric levels. But these were minor changes; it was left for the Elamite king Warad-Sin to remodel the whole temple. He enlarged the building in three directions, putting up a new retaining-wall for the terrace outside the old wall, the stump of which was buried under the floor of his chambers, and the whole of the exterior and the wall of the courtyard facing the entrance was enriched with half-columns and recesses of burnt and crude brick. Five hundred years later what remained above ground of Warad-Sin's work was dismantled and on its foundations Kuri-Galzu II of Babylon (c. 1400 B.C.) set up a plainer replica of the Elamite temple; much of the existing building is due to him. Apart from minor details, such as the repaving of the court by another Babylonian king about 1180 B.C. and the raising of its level by the Assyrian governor Sin-balatsu-ikbi in the seventh century, the temple retained its character until the time of Nebuchadnezzar (600 B.C.). He built two new sanctuaries on the Ziggurat terrace, raised the pavement of the great court virtually to the same level and added to the pylon gateway by bringing it forward into the court, with side doors to the NE range of chambers which he masked by a curtain wall. Thus we can now trace through its long life of two thousand five hundred years the vicissitudes of the greatest temple of Ur, and with its excavation have practically finished our work [several words are scratched out here] in this part of the city.C. LEONARD WOOLLEYDirector of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia.:
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5. As to the finance of last year, the discrepancy between the amounts received by Woolley from the British Museum and the amount for which I have taken credit is due to our having advanced money to Woolley over and above our share in anticipation of funds from you, in order that there might be no risk of his work being held up. I referred to this in the first paragraph of my letter of July 31st. I think that covers all the points in your letters to me. From your letter to Woolley I seem to gather that you think you have not had equal treatment with us in the results of our joint expedition. I should be sorry if that is so; there has certainly been no intention to that effect on this side. Woolley can give you the details better than I can; but I can say that you have had all the photographs that we have had (Woolley has besides a number of negatives of which we have not had prints); that we have as yet no complete register of objects, since that remains in Woolley's hands, though I believe he has nearly finished the preparation of a summary register, in duplicate, for the two Museums; and that we have, to the best of my belief, sent you all that you wanted in the way of casts of objects retained at Bagdad or here. Anyhow, if you think at any time that you are not getting equal treatment, please write to me without hesitation. I am anxious to act fully up to the agreement of 1922, as modified at your request in 1924. Yours sincerelyF. G. Kenyon.:
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5. be expected to produce a reasonable quantity of small objects, and a few pickmen will continue the exploration of the denuded area between the \"Palace\" and the Tomb Mound: meanwhile a small gang under the direction of Mr. Mallowan will work at Diqqdiqeh where, close to the cemetery which has already in former seasons yielded so many terracottas and seals, some chance digging has brought to light a corner of an important building of the Larsa time.] It will be understood that the first and the last pieces of work are alike experimental and either of them might be quickly finished or might develope into the main excavation of the year. My financial statement will be drawn up at the end of the month and will be sent on by the next mail; I hope that photographs may by then be available also. Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report and with the results of the first month's work, results which if not sensations (and their full value cannot be estimated until the numerous tablets have been studied) are, I think, not less interesting that those obtained in any former month, I have the honour to be, Sir, Your very obedient Servant, C Leonard Woolley:
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5.Assur describes a ritual in which the worshipper throws \"on seven fires\" various kinds of aromatic oil; the \"washings\" mentioned in the same text might explain the other troughs along the wall benches.In Bur-Sin's NW annexe there was, besides the main vault, a corbelled tomb beneath the pavement of the courtyard; similarly there are in the Dungi building a number of subsidiary tombs; none of these have been cleared as yet, but it is practically certain that all have been plundered. We have what amounts to definite evidence that the plundering of the tombs and the destruction of the building was due to the Elamites when the they captured the city at the end of the reign of Ibi-Sin; some of the tomb-entrances were most ingeniously concealed, but their whereabouts must have been known, for the robbers have gone unerringly to the right spot; at the same time the approach to one tomb is intact and though it may have been reached in some other way there is still a chance that it escaped notice. I hope to have here in a few days one of the Government architects to supervise the work of shoring up the vaults, and until this is done the excavation of the deeper tombs must stand over: of course this entails unexpected expenditure on the part of your Expedition, but it is unavoidable, and should be amply recompensed. The photographs I enclose will give you some idea of the extraordinary character of the tombs.Small objects have been as yet neither very numerous nor very interesting. One important inscription has been found, a stray foundation-cone of Ur-gigir, a king of the fourth dynasty of Erech; this would seem to be the first independent record of a king hitherto attested only by the King-lists. The inscription of Naram-Sin already:
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5.at least, I should have been inclined to put as late as the Sargonid epoch. We have too much material to digest quickly; I trust that we have, or shall have, enough to establish the chronology of the period covered by the graves.Some of the burials are in clay coffins, circular or oval; the former are always empty, the latter poor; most of the bodies were wrapped in matting and laid in the earth with or without a ritual burning. These graves are often extremely rich.The clay pots are very numerous but not, for the most part, very interesting; the best are the tall offering-tables of clay (examples in limestone also occur) decorated with incised patterns; one has applied figures of stags. Of stone vessels we have some 80 examples representing a wide variety of types and a good range of materials; decoration is rare and when it occurs simple, and only one piece is inscribed with the name of its owner, but they form a very fine collection. Copper is most abundant. Bowls and large pots occur frequently, also strainers of a curiously classical form: owing to the thinness of the metal such are often in bad condition, but well-preserved examples are occasionally found. The copper tools and weapons are most interesting; we have quantities of axes, adzes, spear-heads, daggers and knives, toilet reticules, etc., some of which could be polished up and used today: the varietyof types is great and affords admirable material for study. But the novel feature of these graves is their richness in jewellery; we have already a wonderful collection of objects in gold and silver, lapis lazuli, carnelian, shell etc. Long pins with of copper or silver with heads of lapis set in silver or gold are common; beads are astonishingly numerous and vary in size from the minutest rings running three or four to a millimetre to lentoids commonly worn but are simple in design, as also are the finger-rings, - generally a spiral coil of fairly thick wire,-but the ear-rings make up for their simplicity by their size, they being as much as four centimetres across. One curious object is a large silver head-ornament in the form of a lotus on a long stem, the ends of the petals de-:
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5.clean earth or mud brick dividing layers in which were numerous votive pots and animal remains and occasionally a human body; these burials, though for the most part complete in themselves, were obviously related to the mud brick walls and the votive deposits and therefore to the royal burial which I expected to find below. The mud walls stopped but the pit still went down; at length we came on a hard floor of clay laid over mud brick through the middle of which rose the crown of a dome corbel-built or limestone rubble set in clay mortar: a little above the springers holes through the masonry containing remains of wood shewed that a solid centering had been employed for the construction of the central part of the dome, the stones being laid in position over a heap of light earth and straw, carried by beams and matting. On the flat space round the dome funeral fires had been lit and had burnt for some time before the shaft was filled in for the construction of the subterranean building higher up: with the ashes of the fire were mixed animal bones.The domed building had been constructed at one end of a pit dug at the bottom or the main shaft, three of its walls being against the pit's sides and one, in which was the door, open to the court reserved in the prolongation of the shaft; this door had been blocked with large stones. Apart from a certain amount of natural subsidence walls, dome and door were intact - though the latter was very difficult to detect, so closely did its blocking resemble the rough wall face, while the shifting of stones had disguised the outlines of the doorway. Through the beam-holes it was possible to see that the floor was covered with some object of panelled wood, through the decayed remains of which protruded several large copper vessels and one or gold.Considering how elaborate the tomb structure was, the contents were:
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5.does not profess to represent fully the contributions of the University Museum (by the amount of £125); item D. is derived from an account approved by both Directors and I disclaim all responsibility for it - well, I've said enough about that!-and items E., F. and G. are not disputed. The figure £4807 .19. 9, for the total of funds available up to June 30. 1926 is therefore correct so far as I can make it. The balance due, £363. 18. 8., is necessarily correct also; the British Museum was on that date behindhand with its contribution of £2500. by the sum of £230. 10. 3 (it has since paid in £250), and there was a surplus of expenditure over estimate of £171. 18. 5. which as a liability against the two Museums had been reduced by Bank interest and local sales of reports to £133. 8. 5. Up to the present (October 6.) I have not been informed whether the Directors agree to that surplus expenditure and if so whether it is to be met by a special retrospective grant in relief or is to be carried forward as a credit into my accounts for this season.I think that the above long letter may shew you some of the difficulties under which my accounts have to be made up. It would certainly simplify matters if I could be informed at the time of the amounts of direct payments made by the Museum to be deducted from the Joint Fund, and also if I could be informed of remittances to the Bank on each occasion when such are made, or, failing that, if I could rely upon ther their being made to the amount and on the dates agreed upon two years ago; as it is I have several times been obliged either through funds not being available or through my not knowing whether or not there was a balance to my credit, temporarily to finance the expedition out of my own pocket, and such advances and repayments inevitably lead to complications in the accounts.I was so sorry not to see you when you paid your short visit to London; I could not easily have got away from Bath, but in any case I was not sure when you were to be in town. I have had a very busy and harassing summer and shall be glad to get abroad.Yours very sincerely,[signed] C. Leonard Woolley:
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5.end of each point a large rosette with inlaid centre; this was also of gold.This head-dress is really an elaboration of that worn by the court ladies whosebodies have been found in the sacrificial annexe of the two large royal tombs; by theside of the bier was another of a sort hitherto unique. This consisted of a fillet, ap-parently of thin leather, to which were stitched minute beads of gold and lapis cover-ing the whole surface. Against this background were small gold rosettes, \"palmettes\"of thin twisted wire, branches of shrubs in gold with gold and carnelian pods or fruit,bunches of pomegrantes, three fruit and three leaves, most naturalistically rendered,ears of corn in gold, and four pairs of seated gold animals, stags, rams, antelopesand bearded bulls. It is a marvellously delicate piece of work.The ear-rings actually worn in the ears were spirals of gold wire; in the hair, un-der the gold ribbon head-dress, there were enormous \"ear-rings\" with lanate ends, asmuch as eleven centimetres in diameter; the total weight of the head-dress must have been very oppressive.Amongst objects from other graves I would remark a very beautiful alabaster lampwith a figure of a man-headed bull carved on the side.The weather conditions have been unusually good for the time of year, and there has virtually no inyerruption of work. Dr. O. Ravn, of Copenhagen, came here onDecember 13th and has remained with us since that date, in accordance with the arrange-ments I had made with him last year, and will stop for another week. I regret to saythat shortly before Christmas Mrs. Woolley lost the sight of one eye and had to betaken to Baghdad for treatment; I brought her back here on Christmas day, and thereis some improvement, but she is ordered to rest her eyes for some while yet. The health of the other members of the staff has been excelent.I enclose a statement of expenditure for the month: the items, I think, call:
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5.from (Ni?)-kalla the shakkanak of Ur.e.) Ibi-Sin. About 9 seals of his servants and ministers and a number of account tablets giving new dates in his reign; to the same period belong an inscribed diorite cup of Lugal-ka-gi-na and fragments of a decorated stone bed presented to Nin-Gal.4. Isin-Larsa Period:a.) Ishme-Dagan. Inscribed travertine vase presented to Nannar.b.) Libit-Ishtar. Inscribed brick and royal seal of an official.c.) Enannatum. Inscribed diorite statue of Nin-Gal; brick of the same as priest \"on-sal-mo-nunuz-zid-Nannar\"d.) Gungunu. Tablets of accounts with more complete dates.e.) Abi-sare. ditto.f.) Sumu-ilu. ditto.; two royal seals of his servants; stone vase dedicated to Nin-Gal; clay cone to Nana for rebuilding her Euddaka.g.) Nur-Adad. Cone to Nin-Gal for repairing E-nur-azag.h.) Sin-idinnam. A brick inscribed to Babbar.i.) Warad-Sin. Clay cone inscribed to Nin-Gal for rebuilding her E-id-galu-sub-gu-kalam-ma; a second cone fragment concerned with the reconstruction of E-ga-shur-ra.To the same period belongs a fragment of a chronological tablet which gave a list of the years of the kings of (perhaps Isin and) Larsa down to Samsu-iluna: the fragment preserved includes Sin-eribam, Sinigisham, Silli-Adad and Warad-Sin. A door-socket of a patesi of Nippur dedicated to Nannar may belong to the same time5. Ist Dynasty of Babylon.a. Hammurabi. Fragments of an important black stone prism inscribed with bi-lingual text mentioning Subartu and Gutium; two seal impressions of his servants.b. Samsu-iluna. Several dated tablets and seal impressions of his servants.:
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5.My report for December will have shown you that we are doing very well and will explain my reluctance to abandon the season so unduly early, - apart from the usual reason that a very short season is also a very uneconomical one. This tomb-digging is peculiar; all other graves that I have dug myself or seen dug were comparatively shallow, - even the shaft tombs of Egypt, though they go down deep, begin on the surface; but here, with simple inhumation graves, I have been down to 24 feet, and have found graves. at 19 feet, and that although the surface in, say, Neo-Babylonian times has been denuded ten feet at least. Of course work at such a depth is most chancy; on one day very little may turn up, on another things come so fast one does not know which way to turn; and it is impossible to predict where the good graves will occur. I am beginning to get a fairly good idea of the original lie of the land, which will help progress, and I think that there are lots more graves to be found; but it is dangerous to prophecy; but I am always hoping for something better than we have found yet. Yesterday we got the lower part of a very early limestone relief, - the bottom register almost complete - with a peculiar scene of men guiding an empty chariot drawn by four lions, which might well be a scene of a royal funeral and makes one wonder whether the king's grave may not be in the neighbourhood. The date of the stuff is now pretty certain. The bulk of the graves come before the First Dynasty of Ur, by perhaps two or three hundred years; they are therefore, with the exception of the painted pottery, the earliest things that we have yet found here; they resemble the graves of the \"A\" cemetery at Kish, but are ever so much richer. It would be a pity not to finish them up this year!Yours sincerely,[signature] C. Leonard WoolleyPS. I can't affirm anything in the absence of Father Burrows, but I really think that one of our graves may in [match] [?] a king of Ur in the prehistoric period long before the 1st Dynasty!:
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5.objects, tomb-groups were taken as the basis of the division with the Iraq Museum, and though in consequence each side has lost a certain number of types represented by duplicates in the share of the other side, the historical value of the associated objects has been preserved. It is some consolation for the loss of the gold dagger and vanity-case that the Honorary Director of Antiquities has agreed that we should bring these to London so that electrotypes may be made of them.It is some indication of the richness of the season that, short as it has been, the catalogue of its finds comprises some 1800 items, and that in spite of the fact that hardly any pottery has been entered. Great additions have been made to our type-sheets of pottery, stone vases and metal vases. The writing up of the catalogue and of the tomb-notes has been shared between Mr. Mallowan and myself, and Mr. Mallowan has done most of the type-sections. Mrs. Keeling, besides the catalogue illustrations, has prepared for publication some 150 drawings in ink and in colour. The graves have of course provided very little work for an architect, but Mr Whitburn has taken advantage of this to draw our restorations of buildings dug in former seasons, and we have now elevations and perspectives of the courtyard of the [indecipherable] Gig-Pat-Ku temple and of Dublal-Mah.restored with all the available evidence, and a sectional elevation of the Digdiqqeh building. The inscriptions, apart from tablets, have not been very numerous, but the tablets have provided plenty of work for Father Burrows, and in the seal-inscriptions we have historical documents of the greatest interest. It has been a busy year for all the staff.I hope that the packing of antiquities will be finished by Saturday night. The Expedition house will be closed on Monday. I shall be giving lectures in Baghdad next week. Father Burrows has already left; Messrs. Mallowan and Whitburn go on Sunday to Basra. The antiquities will be entrained on Saturday and Sunday and33:
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5.of archaic writing showing many rare and probably some new signsThe majority of the collection are probably contemporary with afew tablets (e.g., U. 7849) found in the cemetery area in 1926-7,noticed in Ant. Journal 1927, p. 405, 1. 38 sq. The script isnot the most ancient known but there are some signs which can onlybe parallelled <sic> by the most archaic documents. Some characteristicsof the Fara tablets are represented. Absolute dating is at present impossible.\"As I have described elsewhere, the strata making up the dumpin which the graves occur are violently tilted, showing that the rubbish was thrown down from a height now represented by the \"Pre-historic terraces\" NW of the cemetery which were identified in theseason 1925-6 (Ant. Journal VI. p. 386) and as the tablets, thoughlow down in the deposit, lay towards the fringe of the talus, theyare necessarily not of the earliest date represented by the deposit.The stratification made it fairly certain that the terraced moundhad originally been an island rising from the marsh or river: acutting driven down to 2.50m. below the modern plain level and so to 1.80 only above sea level showed the tilted strata levelling outand alternating with water-laid mud in which the pottery fragmentsall lay horizontally: this must give us the limits of the originalisland. Two other sounding were made a little \"inland\" from this,and one in the courtyard of the Mannar temple, and the results wereuniform and most striking. Under the stratified rubbishlay <sic> a bedof uniform and absolutely clean water-laid clay (the only contentswere some fragments of fossilised bone) some two metres thick ithad at first all the appearance of virgin soil, but below it we:
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5.On March 2nd Miss Bell and Major Wilson came to Ur for the division of our antiquities with the Iraq Government. I am thankful to say that they were convinced by my arguments and agreed to leave to the Expedition all the great stela fragments, in spite of the outstanding importance of that monument. For Baghdad were taken the kudurru, the small limestone stela with the figure of Ea (v. former reports), the diorite head found this month, the ivory pyxis, the gold-plated arrow-head, one Utu-Hegal inscription, a number of door-sockets including that of Ur-Engur with the copper hinge-shoe, the bulk of the (duplicate) cones of Ur-Engur, Warad-Sin and Sinbalatsu-ikbi, and minor objects. The Expedition retains the green snake door-socket of Sinbalatsu-ikbi (the best inscription on stone found), the fragmentary statue of Dada-ilum (the oldest sculpture yet found here), the shell plaque of the First Dynasty, the clay drum with the record of the archaeological work done by Sinbalatsu-ikbi, one Atu-Hegal inscription, the best door-sockets, duplicate examples of the cones, foundation tablets in black steatite and copper of Warad-Sin (the pair of Kuri-galzu tablets went to Baghdad) and a fine foundation-tablet of Gudea found this month under the Nin-Gal temple but recording the building of a different shrine, a bronze sword and dagger, ans small objects. All tablets are being brought back for further study. On the whole, we ame out of the division remarkably well and have every reason to be satisfied. Also on March 2nd, the Royal Air Force took air photographs of the site, a number of oblique views which will give us aspects of the buildings unobtainable from the ground, and an air survey of the whole tract of land between Ur, Tell el Obeid and Abu Shahrein; these should be invaluable for the identification of new xxx builded sites. The Royal Air Force has again provided me with packing cases and material, thus saving your Expedition very heavy expense.The health of the members of your staff has been excellent throughout the month. Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report and with the financial statement accompanying it, I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signature] Leonard Woolley:
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5.penses of winding up the season and of travelling may be included i with them.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this reportI have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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5.TABLETS & SEAL CEMETERY TOWN SITE EXTERNAL IMPRESSIONSSIS. I & probably Semi-cremation Drain bottoms al 'Ubaid temple SIS. 2 burials & some others Main cemetery Vanished levels, & royal tombs Levels A,B and perhaps C. Level E. al 'Ubaid main cemeterySIS. 4 & 5, & the Graves at the Level F Kish, from 00 totablet hoard of 12-13.00m. 2.00 m. above waterlast season stratum level level.SIS. 6-8 Level G. Kish (same) [?] per- haps the graves of .Abu Kimbara Level H, & below Jemdet Nasr it to 9.00m. Warka cone decora- tion. Below 9.00m. Meraijib, & the painted pottery of al 'Ubaid. This table is of course subject to modification but I believe it to besubstantially correct, and to have attained even this degree of pro-bability as to the chronological sequence is a most satisfactory resultof our work.On the town site I propose to go down much deeper. On such a siteone cannot expect much in the way of objects apart from painted potter, but one first-class object has been secured. On the nine-metre levelthere was found a statuette of a wild boar carved in steatite; it meas-ures II1/2 centimetres is length and is in perfect condition; it is theoldest piece of sculpture we have found yet and it shows an artistic:
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5.Tablets continue to turn up in considerable numbers. These are almost without exception of unbaked clay, and after their long burial in damp soil impregnated with salts they are generally in a lamentable state, difficult to distinguish from the surrounding earth and more difficult to extract from it, - though in this respect have developed an unexpected and gratifying skill. It is dangerous to handle and impossible to clean them, as the clay is soft while damp and powdery when dry, and they would certainly decompose if left to themselves. I have therefore adopted a means of dealing with them more elaborate, I imagine, than has before been attempted in the field, but amply justified by its results. The tablets, as found, are packed in tins in dry sand and baked in an improvised kiln heated by fuel oil. The majority can, after this baking, be brushed clean and left; if necessary they are treated with hydrochloric acid. Those which were badly flaked or disintegrated by salt action are, after careful cleaning, joined together and solidified with celluloid solution. I send four photographs of four tablets, taken at random, before and after treatment; that labelled T.T.B. 17 illustrates the action of organic salts in an aggravated form, the others are normal examples.Mr. Smith reports as follows on the inscriptional material. \"An important new inscription has been found on two well-preserved gate sockets recording building in E-Gis-Sir-Gal by Gimil-Ilishu, a king of the First Dynasty of Isin, c. 2150 B.C., which states that Nannar established his rule from Anshan to Ur. By the SW. wall bricks of Ishme-Dagan of the same dynasty, c. 2120 B.C., have been found, probably fallen from a wall close by. A brick of Bur-Sin I, built into the NE. wall, has proved important for dating purposes, and in the rooms of the SE. wall have been identified bricks of Kurigulzu. Gate-sockets of Ur-Engur and of Bur-Sin I have been found in situ, the latter containing references to GIG-KISAL which may lead to the explanation of that disputed term.Scattered over the various rooms have been found many tablets, all of them account tablets ranging in date from about 2200 to 2000 B.C., except one fragment of a New Babylonian tablet containing omens referring to the gods.The text of the Kudur-Mabug inscription on clay cones can now be almost completely restored, as can a similar inscription of his son Arad-Sin, which is a duplicate of one already published but hitherto incomplete.Other interesting finds include bricks of Sid-Idinnam of Larsa, c.2010 B.C., and of Sin-Balatsu-Ikbi, a governor appointed by Ashurbanipal, to whom reference is made in the Kayunjik letters.\"On the 12th of this month I received a visit from Miss Bell, Hon. Director of the Department of Antiquities, Iraq. She was greatly pleased with the progress and results of the work. The Iraq Government has not yet passed an Antiquities Law, the debate on which has been indeed rather acrimonious. As regards the division of objects, your Expedition is in a favourable position, but I anticipate some worry over the details. Under the terms of the provisional permit (valid for three years) granted for this excavation, the excavators are entitled to one half of the finds, - a condition to which the Government objects as a general rule; there is no one in the counrtry capable of making the division, and it may well be that an outside arbitrator will be appointed to represent the Iraq interests.There is one other matter which I should wish to report, as my action might in retrospect seem unjustifiable. The work of the whole party has been seriously hampered by the difficulty of light. I have bought a number of lamps of different sorts; all were very expensive and none has given a light by which it was possible to do sustained work at night; - and for the work of all of us a good light is indispensable.:
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5.the records already to hand, though Warad-Sin, who repaired the Is1n walls, passes the kings of Is1n over in silence and claims to be restoring the work of Bur-Sin. The building promises to be when excavated the most monumental work extant at Ur with the sole exception of the Ziggurat. Not the least interesting thing about it is its size, for this implies that the goddess Nin-Gal enjoyed a position as against the god Nannar in the cult of Ur far more important than had been suspected.As I have said, in only a few spots in the well-preserved SE half of the building have our excavations been carried down to any depth, but already a remarkable number of fine objects have been recovered from the early temple. We have door-sockets of Ur-Engur and Bur-sin (new texts), foundation-cones, also with new texts,of Nur-Adad and Kudur-Mabug, fragments of an alabaster stela with long inscription of Rim-Sin and of a black stela also inscribed but the name is not yet recovered; the throne of a statuette of Nin-Gal inscribed with a dedication by Enanatum son of Ishme-Dagan, a very fine piece,; inscribed stone vases with royal and other inscriptions, of Naram-Sin and Enanipadda son of Urbau of Lagash (alabaster), of Ur-Engur (a splendid oolite bowl, complete), of Sumu-Ilum and of Ishme-Dagan; we have a fragment of an alabaster relief of the Third Dynasty or thereabouts shewing three figures, and other fragments of it with inscription; and perhaps the most remarkable object of all is a (complete) casket carved out of black stone, a kind od shale, with [unable to read seems to have been overtyped] of the reigns of Ibi-Sin and Samsu-Iluna and Bur-Sin, some of which give new historical information, and some impressions of royal seals; small objects include daggers of bronze and iron, a gem engraver's trial-piece, a fragment of an early glazed bowl with a scene of a bull and a sacred tree in polychrome, terra-cottas, cylinder-seals etc.Altogether the month has been productive of good objects as well as of interesting building remains, and our present site gives every hope of yet better things to come.:
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5.with a view to finding temples of the earliest period. In the mean time, and later, work will continue on the house site.My statement of accounts will follow by the next mail.Trusting that you will be pleased by the success which your Expedition has achieved up to date,I have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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5.Within the next three days I shall be able, after working out my accounts,to fix the date for closing the season, which should be in the latter part of this next month; I expect to spend most of that time on the graves, but must also finish the work in the neighbourhood of the Ziggurat which was started at the beginning of January.Since the cemetery work has involved no planning, Mr. Whitburn has had time to undertake the drawing out of restorations of the private house types and also of Dublal-Mah, work which is essential to the proper publication of results and can not be adequately done except on the spot; I send you a photograph of his drawing of one of the houses; that of the temple has not yet been photographed. The proper recording of the graves necessitates a great many hand drawings and much photographic work, and after the digging has closed down some time must be spent in revising and completing notes, typing pottery etc. and cross-referencing: the division of objects with Baghdad will also take some time, and therefore I must calculate on the staff remaining at Ur for a little while after field work has stopped.Trusting that you will be satisfied with the work done by your Expedition in the course of the month, and by the results obtained,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signature] C. Leonard Wooley:
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5/29/30-3-progress of work at Ur that to me this seems a happy solution of the difficulty. I should not think that the Editor of the Antiquaries Journal would object since we should be glad to acknowledge its priority. Since the Expedition is equally supported by, and interesting to those in this country, it is my feeling that they should be given equal opportunities to hear of its progress and discoveries. I shall be glad to hear how you feel about this.Please remember me to Mrs. Woolley and Mr. Mallowan and believe me,Yours sincerely Horace H. F. Jayne DIRECTORC. Leonard Woolley, Esq. c/o The British Museum London, England:
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5/undertaking publication, and to the explanation given to me verbally by the Corporation Board that the money would be handed over to the University Museum as an American institution for the benefit of the Joint Expedition, and their agreement that the names of the Trustees of the two Museums should appear on the title-page as issuing the volumes (2). I myself of course appeared before the Corporation as representing the Joint Expedition and not either of the partners in it.Any error that I may have made here is, as I am sure you will ad- mit, a very natural one in the circumstances, and fully explains my attitude throughout in dealing with the Fund. If your point (1) means that in the opinion of your Board the grant from the Carnegie Corpor- ation was a grant to the University Museum without reference to the Joint Expedition so that the Publication Fund is provided by the Uni- versity Museum out of its own revenues, in which case I have committed the University Museum as distinct from the publication fund of the Joint Expedition, that comes as a complete surprise to me; and of course on that showing I have no right to criticise or to suggest any of the money arrangements. But personally I have regarded myself as your agent only in the sense that I was agent for the joint publicat- ion and for the administration of the fund which I had secured for that purpose, and had no intention of exceeding that fund or dealing at all with moneys outside of it. I am loth to think that I have ob- ligated you by commitments xxx in which only one partner of the Joint Expedition is involved.(2.) \"A grant in aide of such publication made to either of the:
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50
&55
God & god_ss Both long garm_t
w. pleat_d Flounces-each w. arm
about the other. Full face
A. Complete Red clay-
B " White "-:
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57FY FM CABLEBASRAH 4 350P JAN 26 1926ANTIQUE 50PHILADELPHIA (RX UNIV OF PENN MUSEUM 33 AND SPRUCE ST)RECEIVED WOOLLEY4P:
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5according to which Nebuchadnezzar not only set up an coinage(older kings had often done that) but proclaimed that when they heard the sound of the [?] all thepeople were to fall down & worship it. Nebuchadnezzar's reformsendured [?] into the next period, and [?] when Cyrus the Persian inhis [?] repaired the temple he reproduced every feature of theold; and it is remarkable how well the ruins at Uraccord with Herodotus' description of the [?] great temple atBabylon even in the inner chambers of the sanctuary thesmall aelieus the tables of offering of the 'charcoal screen' are identical, & identicallyplaces, on the pavements of Nebuchadnezzar's & of the Persian'sbuilding. It is interesting too to draw how closely Herodotus'descriptiondescription of the great Marduk temple at Babylon fit thecontemporary temp of Nannar & his [?consort?] at Ur, & ourreconstruction of this is helped not a little by the accountof the great historian.The excavations have proved very fruitful in objects. Apartfrom the stature of [?] & the bronze figure of Ur Surper already mentioned, a [quach] hoardof c Neo Babylonian Persian jewelry was found beneath the floor of oneof the santuary chambers of a second smaller hoard of the Neobabylonian period in a trial trench dug across the ruinsof another temple. Great numbers of inscribed tablets werefound, mostly of the Third Dynasty of Ur (2300-2000 BC) and someof the time of Artaxerxes III, (5th cent BC)465-4284 and the inscribed bricks coverthe whole range of the town's history. A brick-lined wallwithin the [?temenos?] [?] a large number of inscribed clay:
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5apart from the very sad personal aspect of this affair, I have to deplore that the Expedition must set out with a staff short of what I had considered the minimum consistent with real working efficiency. But it is quite impossible (since we sail on the 26th inst.) now to secure a substitute; nor do I think, in view of the difficulties of transit and the comparative shortness of the season, that it would be wise to try to arrange for a substitute to follow later: I will do the work as best I can with the assistance of Messrs Newton and Smith.I also regret the useless expenditure of funds. Mr. Hunter's berth to Basra has been booked and paid for & the money cannot be recovered, I fear & his journey across the atlantic will make a sensible hole in our funds: also the £25. has gone! Further I regret that Philadelphia will not now be directly represented on my staff.Yours sincerelyC. Leonard Woolley:
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5presence of a lady has a good moral effect on the younger fellows in the camp & keeps them up to standard. Speaking quite officially I can say that I consider the expedition to be very much indebted to Mrs Keeling & should be most sorry if she were not coming out again.As a matter of fact she decided last season not to do so, & was going to India instead, because it looked as if there'd be no definite work for her since Mallowan was to take drawing-lessons in the summer; but as it became clear to me that he will not be up to the work yet I strongly urged her to reconsider her decision (& in this Mrs Mallowan, who takes a keen interest in her son's work, supported me) & a little while ago she agreed, very generously I thought, to give up the plans she had made for India & to come out once more to do the same work as last season & to give Mallowan lessons. He ought to be quite capable of doing the whole work himself:
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5presence of a lady has a good moral effect on the younger fellows in the camp & keeps them up to standard. Speaking quite officially I can say that I consider the expedition to be very much indebted to Mrs. Keeling & should be most sorry if she were not coming out again.As a matter of fact she decided last season not to do so, & was going to India instead, because it looked as if there'd be no definite work for her since Mallowan was to take drawing lessons in the summer; but as it became clear to me that he will not be up to the work yet I strongly urged her to reconsider her decision (& in this Mrs. Mallowan, who takes a keen interest in her son's work, supported me) & a little while ago she agreed, very generously I thought, to give up the plans she had made for India & to come out once more to do the same work as last season & to give Mallowan lessons. He ought to be quite capable of doing the whole work himself:
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5the goddesses Nin-gal, Ninni and Nin-sun were thus honoured, and as no buildings sacred to these gods have yet been excavated on any site, their discovery should throw much light on early beliefs about the under-world. In E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" inserted under the H] several duplicates of the Kudur-Mabug foundation cone mentioned in the last report have appeared, so that this year's collection now includes a splendid series of unique documents.Among the gate sockets which have been discovered in situ there are three with new inscriptions. The first, in good preservation, recording the building of a shrine called E-MU-RI-A-NA was found in a position which suggests that this building was the one immediately adjoining E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" inserted under the H] on the south-west; it bears the name of Gimil-Sin, the fourth king of the dynasty of Ur. The second, in fair condition, is a monument of Kurigalzu, one of the Kassite kings of Babylon, and the third, slightly broken, speaks of the care Nabonidus bestowed on the people of the Moon-god. There are now thirteen inscribed gate-sockets in the collection with inscriptions of six different kings, dating from 2,300 to 538 B.C., the whole forming a considerable addition to the number of this class of object.The collection of bricks has been increased and enlarged improved. Apart from new stamps of various kings, two important new types have been discovered. The first reveals the name of a hitherto unknown patesi of Ur, who must have lived shortly before or shortly after the time of the third dynasty; his name may provisionally be read Addu-Adad. The second is an interesting inscription in the Akkadian language recording the favour shown to Cyrus the Great of Persia by the gods of all the lands. As these bricks are the first actual records of any:
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5UR.January 31. 1924.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you the following report on the progress of your Expedition during the month of January 1924.Weather has been favourable on the whole, but a few days have been lost through rain; but as work at Tell el Obeid was abandoned early in the month wet weather has been less of a hindrance than would otherwise have been the case, as the high ground round the ziggurat of Ur dries quickly and only very heavy interrupts excavation for any length of time.Mr. Newton joined me on the 15th of the month and has taken in hand the work of the plans and drawings. Your staff is therefore now at full strength.Since for a month or more I had been suffering from constant neuralgia, I took advantage of Mr. Newton's arrival and on the evening of Jan. 20 went to Baghdad to see the R. A. F. dentist, returning in the night of Jan. 24. This is the first occasion on which a member of the staff has been away since work started.On Jan. 17 Miss Bell, Hon. Director of the Department of Antiquities, paid us a visit, remaining till the following evening. She was very pleased with the progress made, and has reported most favourably to the Ministry and to the Colonial Office.Work at Tell el Obeid stopped on Jan. 5. The excavation of the Nin-Khursag temple was complete, and on the cemetery as much work had been done as I considered advisable; the quantity of pottery turning up was such that its classification, type-drawing etc. presented a formidable task, and the clearing of further tombs seldom did more than duplicate material already found; it may be necessary in future to do more work here, but that is better postponed until the working out of type-sheets makes quicker progress possible. A day's experimental digging on two other cemeteries close to Tell el Obeid, one of Kassite and one of later date, sufficed to prove that both had been too thoroughly denuded to repay excavation.On Jan. 4th, the Ur gang, under Messrs. Gadd and Fitzgerald, was for two days set to work on a site known as Diqdiqah, a piece of low-lying ground near the railway, on the outskirts of Ur, whence the men had for long past been bringing in vases and terra cottas (most of the terra cottas obtained last year came from this site). There was no intention of embarking on a big dig, but it seemed essential to ascertain, if possible, the character and date of what was known to be a productive spot. In this we were fully successful. The site proved to be a cemetery; the ground had suffered much from denudation (and probably also from agriculture) and most of the graves had been broken up, the objects from them being found loose in the soil; all the dateable objects, cylinder seals, bricks, etc., were of the date of the Third Dynasty of Ur. This discovery was as unexpected as it was important, for last season we had assumed that the terra cottas were of late, Neo-Babylonian or Persian period, whereas though we have not found them actually associated with Third Dynasty cylinders in intact graves yet the evidence for their early date is now convincing; and even allowing for a certain admixture of later examples (for which there is no evidence at all) we are obliged to assign to this early date the bulk at least of the very remarkable series of figures and reliefs from the Diqdiqah site. A number of this season's specimens are illustrated in the accompanying photographs; some of them are obviously of early and even of primitive type, but others are very surprising for their period; most of the representations are of types hitherto unrecorded.:
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6. developement equal to that of the objects from the royal tombs.During the past month Mr. Whitburn has been employed in workingout the plans of the Temenos at different periods and there are nownearly complete comprehensive plans of the building of the ThirdDynasty, of the time of Kuri-Galzu and of the Neo-Babylonian age.This work could only be done satisfactorily at Ur and its result asillustrating the changes that took place in the Sacred Area is mostinteresting. A fourth plan, that of the Isin-Larsa period, will complete the series, xxxxxx which will summarise the work done inside thelimits of the Temenos by your Expedition.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report of the workdone during the past monthI have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant, [signed] C.Leonard Woolley:
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6.corated with balis of lapis and gold; it was one of a pair worn against the ears and rising over the head after the fashion of ornaments shewn in early carvings. A chains of very fine gold links set with laps has a parallel in a silver chain unfortunately ill preserved; it is a strangely modern-looking piece. A small gold statuette of a seated bull wearing a false beard tied under its chin - the ball deified - is a fine example of the goldsmith's work. Of the gold diadems the best has elaborate decoration [?] in outlines impressed in the thin metal, men and animals very delicately drawn, stags and rams, a hunter returning from the chase with his game-bag, a man riding and another driving beasts. In shell we have a very good carving in the round of a bull, and, more unusual, an actual shell made into a duck with a stone head, the colours of the breast re resented by incrustation in mother-of-pearl and lapis on a bitumen background; an ostrich-shell similarly incrusted (but unfortunately in bad condition) shews that the technique was normal. Not from the cemetery but resulting from a chance find is an excellent shell plaque with an engraving of a priest at sacrifice, perhaps the best shell engraving yet found, and still retaining traces of the red and black colour with which the engraved lines were filled.It is difficult to keep pace with our discoveries, and amongst other things the photography has again fallen behind and I am not yet able to send you illustrations of all the objects, - many have been found only in the last few days. I hope to make good this omission shortly. I estimate that we have not yet dug more than a third of the graves, and we may legitimately expect future results not less good than those briefly described above::it will, apparently, be a season of small objects, but in quality these leave little to be desired. The amount of \"backsheesh\" which it is necessary to give in the case of gold objets may slightly reduce the length of our season, but we may have to stop on longer after the close of digging to get our objects into order. I propose to continue work on the graves as long as it pays to do so.:
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6.for no special comment; the only unusual one, that for travelling, is explainedby my having to go to Baghdad once to put gold objects into safe deposit, on whichoccasion I took an escort with me, and twice to take Mrs. Woolley to hospital andto pay, on my own account, a visit to a dentist which was urgently necessary.I might however take this opportunity of bringing forward one point. The greatfinds of gold made this season have thrown upon our foremen more work and muchmore responsibility than usual, and at the same time the large reward which Ihave had to pay out have tended to diminish the difference between the foremen'swages and those of the men who they supervise; I think that it would be only seemly if tips given to the foremen at the close of each season could thisyear be increased. Further I would suggest that a larger present than usual begiven to the tribal sheikh who is responsible for the site, and this not only be-cause he secured its safety from looting during the summer and has accepted thereal responsibility of guaranteeing the safety of the house now when it is knownto contain large quantities of treasure, but also because, being recognised bytribal law as the owner of the site (though legally this belongs to the Government)he has a certain moral claim to benefit by our discoveries in it. On both thesepoints I should be glad to have your ruling.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report and with the resultsobtained by your Expedition, I have the honour to be, Sir, Your very obedient Servant,(signed) C. Leonard Woolley:
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6.found an occupation-level containing pottery, some of the pieces being the al 'Ubaid painted ware which never occurs even in the lowest strata of the rubbish from the terraces, and numerous flints, both cores and instruments: this lay at about 2.50m. above sea level. Only one interpretation can be put upon the facts. A very early settlement of painted pottery users was overwhelmed by an inundation which left behind it a heavy deposit of clay burying all traces of the primitive people; on the higher island thus formed there settled a a population possessing a different culture whom we can identify as Sumerians. I have no hesitation in saying that the inundation is the Flood of Sumerian tradition. The discovery goes far to confirm the theory which I advanced last year (in \"The Sumerians\", pp I2, 32.) that the pottery of al 'Ubaid is Akkadian and antediluvian. Might I ask that this be kept private for the time being as I hope to secure further proof of it? and also I should like, if possible, to announce it personally in to the University of Pennsylvania.On January 26 th I paid a visit to the excavations at Kish. A letter published by Professor Langdon in the \"Times\" summarising the results of the work there and giving a scheme of chronology was so much at variance with what we had deduced from our own re-ults that a comparison between the two sites seemed essential. I was relieved to find [?] to establish the fact that Professor Langdon's statements represent neither the views of the exca[?] excavators nor the facts of the dig. In particular his statement that \"the painted ware found in this stratum, which is dated with considerable certainty at 3200-3000 B?C? , is like that found at al 'Ubaid is:
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6.mentioned is also a rarity.My accounts for the month are not yet complete but will be sent to you as soon as possible.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report on the progress of the work I have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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6.The numerous clay tablets of all periods include business documents mainly of the time of Ibi-Sin and of the Larsa Kings, letters, contracts, late school texts, lists of signs, syllabaries and a few hymns.\"From the above summary it will be clear that the season has been extremely rich in historical texts, and the number of these makes more imperative than ever the early publication of all such already recovered in the course of your Expedition's work.Digging will ceas on March 13th, and I have asked that the division of objects should be made as soon as possible after that date. At present I am making sondages in the very large mound which runs out from the temenos area to the south-west at the point where the walls of the Dungi building found early in the season continue in that direction under the Nebuchadnezzar wall; it was here that Dr. Hall excavated some small houses and found tablets of IIIrd Dynasty date: I am thinking of making excavation of the mound the main programme for next season and in view of that wished first to test the site, which can well be done with a fortnight's work.I enclose a statement of accounts for the month which will, I trust, meet with your approval.Hoping that you will be satisfied with the above report of the work done by your Expedition, I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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6.two Museums could be used by it for their joint purpose with- out putting any obligation on the other Museum\"(Extract from the Carnegie Grant memorandum)I need hardly point out to you that Sir George Hill's cable re- garding your views as to the way in which any deficit in the Fund should be met was based on the view that the Fund was an independent entity and the concern of the Joint Expedition. His view is of course to be traced to my own belief.December 15.Since the above was written I have received from the Oxford Uni- versity Press an approximate statement of final charges based on the actual work done and including the printing of 3000 copies of the prospectus and colour-plates for the same; I am glad to say that it comes to only £5697. 16. 0., which is about £800 less that the orig- inal estimate; I had, as I said above, taken a maximum figure, but xxx had not expected so radical a reduction.By the way, you speak in your letter of enclosing for confirmat- ion copies of telegrams exchanges; these were accidentally omitted.Now about the book. I am to have advance copies before I leave England, and 600 copies will be ready very soon after, the rest fol- lowing quickly. I have not yet had word from you as to the numbers of copies required or whether they are to be bound or in sheets, and I hope to hear before I go; but if I do not I shall leave provisional instructions, which can be modified by any instructions sent by you, to the effect that of the first 600 copies 200 shall go to you at:
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6.were simple. Below thw [sic] woodwork, which seems to have been a canopy, there lay six bodies or which four were servants or soldiers, men distinguished only by the wearing of copper daggers, and one apparently a maid-servant; the sixth body, laid out in the centre, was that of a woman wearing a wreath of gold beech-leaves and another of ring pendants strung on carnelians, gold ear-rings, finger-rings, necklaces of gold and carnelian, gold hair-ribbons and a frontlet decorated with a star rosette and secured by long gold wires; on the breast was a carnelian-headed gold pin of the bent type not hitherto found in precious metal, and a gold cylinder seal having two registers of design in one of which is shewn a banquet and in the other musicians playing on harps and other instruments; by the hands was a fluted gold tumbler much like that found in Queen Shub-ad's grave but not quite equal to it in quality. The bodies rested on a floor of mud bricks and smooth clay; this was curved so as to present the appearance of a vault and gave out a hollow sound when hit; it was therefore lifted, and below it was found a stratum of broken pottery and a very large vertical drain which however only went down some fifty centimetres into the soil; below it there seemed to be the original debris in which the early graves are dug. The excavation of the tomb is not finished, as the court in frontof the door of the domed chamber has yet to be cleared: further workshould throw more light upon what are the most completely preservedthough not the richest of the royal graves, but already we have evidenceof a much more complicated ritual than could be deduced from last year's results.It will be some time before we have exhausted the area selected for:
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6.While I hope that my next report may have more to say about material objects of interest to the Museum I do not think that the scientific results are likely to be more important than those described above which go far towards putting all our discoveries on a satisfactory chronological basis, and trusting therefore that you will be fully satisfied with your Expedition's work during November I have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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6.will, I hope, be shipped soon afterwards. The objects require a great deal of work to be done on them, and the earlier they can reach the British Museum the better.I do not propose to submit a statement of accounts until the return of the Staff to England, but I think that my expenditure has been well within the limits prescribed for me except in so far as those limits have been extended by subsequent contributions to the Fund. I expect to reach England about the end of March.Trusting that you will be satisfied with the success of our February work, and of the season as a whole, and with the collection of antiquities allotted to the Expedition on the division,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signed] C. Leonard Woolley34:
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6/25/26PS.I do not know what arrangements you may be making for the division of spoil this year, - it is of course really the division of spoil for the last two years, and pretty important. It occurs to me that possibly you may be coming over yourself, and I do hope that that may be the case: I should greatly like to see you again, and as it has not been feasible for me to get to America I hope that you may pay us a visit on this side. I have today been to Oxford to see the Al Ubaid book through the preliminaries of the Press; that is the one job temporarily off my hands: the exhibition here is due to open in ten days from now and keeps me hard at work. Well, I hope that we may have the good luck to see you this summer.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard WoolleyPS. Many thanks for the batch of 3 photos just received.:
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60 pp. They are already in the hands of the printer, and will be printed on this year budget at a cost of about £ 100. After prolonged interview with Smith and Gadd, I promised to deliver the rest of the mss [?] at the latest on March 1938, reserving only the introduction to be finished and delivered on July 1938. The whole will be imputed on the budget 1938. I called on Mr Torsdyhe the Director of the Br. Mu. who received me very gracefully, and was satisfied with the whole arrangement. I wrote a week ago to Sir Leonard Woolley, who spends the summer near Salisbury, with the hope of seeing him in London, but I have so far received no answer, and I will probably leave London without seeing him. Mr Gunn has moved from his first residence at Boarihill near Oxford to a place in Surrey more agreable to Mrs Gunn, so I gave up the idea of visiting him. I heard that Campbell-Thompson has been appointed as a successor of Ll. Langdon. I hope he is successful in his teaching. But he is rather the type of research Professor, and the two cannot easily be confused or combined, as I realise in my own case. I am sorry that I could not see you before leaving. But the Museum on the eve of vacation time was rather in a turmoil. After the terrible heat of New York:
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68 Bd Cotte, Enghien-les-Bains, S [?]O, France aug. 31.28Dear Miss Mc Hugh.\"We\" have such a glorious time ! But I still miss the museum and the friends .. all of them. Business first. On the boat before landing I wrote to S. Smith, to fix an appointment. I received letter n° 1 dated aug. 14th, rather a dilatory thing.I answered: \"that there was no mistake nor hesitation on our side. The letter of Sir. F. Kenyon of July 17 had been duly received, and the suggestion of another delay considered and not approved. First because the last discoveries had been so well advertized that the Trustees had a legitimate desire for immediate possession of such beautiful objects. Next from one year to the following one it was impossible to keep track of the objects and of their relative value.I received then letter n° 2 dated aug. 20 which fixes the meeting at the end of Sept. -You will realise that it was necessary to insist, and everything will be now smooth and easy.- My last argument was that I:
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6building operations by Cyrus in southern Babylonia, the text, though short is of much interest as it shows that his claim to be a servant of the old Babylonian gods was not an idle boast. A series of eighteen bricks in the best state of preservation possible, representing all the important bricks on the site, has been put aside for Baghdad, and descriptive labels prepared for them.In order that the inscriptional material available may be estimated a list of the inscribed cones, gate-sockets, and brick-types is appended. Apart from the statue, inscribed vase fragments and several hundreds of tablets and fragments, this list does not include many fragments of cones and bricks not at present identified which have been put aside for further study. It should be remembered that where an inscription is described as a duplicate, it is often a duplicate of a unique example, and therefore of considerable value.[centered text] INSCRIBED CLAY CONESUR-ENGUR.U701. Ur-Engur's inscription concerning the building of E-temen-ni-il, probably the name of the sacred enclosure or temenos. Duplicate of Thureau-Dangin, Die Sumerischen und Akkadischen Konigsinschriften, (henceforward abbreviated to S.A.K.I) p.188 Tonnagel A. Found round temenos wall and in and round E-NUN-MAH. Many duplicates.U872. Ur-Engur's inscription concerning the building of a temple for Enlil and the digging of a canal called EN-UMUN-NUN. New. Found near Sheik Munshid's water engine, and in E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H]. Fragmentary duplicates, U 169, 520, 722, 917:
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6next year. In this I acted in what I believe to be the best interests of the expedition, & I couldn't now ask her not to come without being guilt of a rudeness which I should hate.Lastly (this is a long letter; but since I can't talk to you I must write at length, lastly there's the point which you raise, very considerately, about Mrs K's own interests in view of the fact that people have gossiped about her presence in the camp. About that I felt that I ought to speak to her, to put off writing to you until I should see her for I was just coming to Oxford to lecture to the British Association & she was coming to [?stop?] with an old friend of hers - a trustee of the British Museum - for the same meeting. You know, it's quite difficult to believe that such gossip can exist when one's in this atmosphere:
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6next year. In this I acted in what I believe to be the best interests of the expedition, & I couldn't now ask her not to come without being guilty of a rudeness which I should hate.Lastly (this is a long letter, but since I can't talk to you I must write at length) lastly there's the point which you raise, very considerately, about Mrs. K's own interests in view of the fact that people have gossipped about her presence in the camp. About this I felt that I ought to speak to her, so put off writing to you until I should see her, for I was just coming to Oxford to lecture to the British Association & she was coming to [shop? stop?] with an old friend of hers - a trustee of the British Museum - for the same meeting. You know, it's quite difficult to believe that such gossip can exist when one's in this atmosphere:
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7.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report on the results of your Expedition,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard WoolleyJanuary 2. 1927.I regret to inform you that since the above was written Father Burrows has been taken ill. The Civil Surgeon from Nasiriyah diagnosed the case as one of dysentery and malaria and ordered the removal of the patient to the Maude Hospital at Basra: he was accordingly sent today to Basra under the charge of Mr. Whitburn and a native dispenser. I can only hope that he will have a speedy recovery, and I shall report his progress in due course: his temporary loss is regretable from every point of view.[number 18 in circle]:
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7.without foundation. In a water-laid stratum dated by the excavators to circ. 3800 B.C., and four or five metres below the level which Langdon dates at 3000 B.C?, there were found four fragments of painted pottery which have nothing at all to do with the al'Ubaid wares. All the Kish pottery seems to have Northern relations and this painted pottery is probably no exception to the rule. Perhaps the best criterion of the value of the report to the \"Times\" lies in this, that the \"sculptures\" which \"Undoubtedly represent the period of the mighty kings of Kish\" are the crude mud figurines commonly found in the Ur rubbish-mound, and that the stratum \"rich in gold, silver, precious stones etc\" produced a year ago one bit of gold ribbon and has yielded nothing of the sort since. I did get from my visit valuable positive results which I hope to embody in a comparative table shewing the parallels between the two sites.The weather during the month has been exceptionally good and no working time has been lost.As this week's pay to the men should properly be included in January I propose to defer the making up of accounts until the week-end, and my statement will therefore be sent by the next mail.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report, I have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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7.[not visible]ce, and of the next batch 40%. As to the circulars I must await your instruction, but I have reserved for your usea batch of 2000 of the speciment coloured plates (I am sending out many of the cir- culars without such). I am afraid that it is too late for the holiday market.This I think is all, and it is indeed enough!Yours sincerely,[signed] C. Leonard Woolley:
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7of scientific work, with lots of women, by no means all of Mrs Keeling's age & standing, engaged in positions very similar to hers, where everyone takes the circumstances of the work as a matter of course & is keenly interested in what she is doing: it isn't as that in her case that her own University is pleased at the progress of an old student, but everyone feels that it's the right & proper thing. Probably this contrast made the shock greater & Mrs Keeling was at first very much hurt to think that her name could be so talked about: perhaps that is still the price which women may have to pay for cooperation in scientific work. Of course it's all wrong. I don't mean that archeologists don't ever marry, & the more happily because they have interests in common; it's not unlikely that at the beginning the possibility of that was discussed in Iraq & much discussion may have been at the bottom of the tourist gossip you:
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7of scientific work, with lots of women, by no means all of Mrs. Keeling's age & standing, engaged in positions very similar to hers, where everyone takes the circumstances of the work as a matter of course & is keenly interested in what she is doing: it isn't only that in her case that her own University is pleased with the progress of an old student, but everyone feels that it's the right & proper thing. Probably this contrast made the shock greater & Mrs. Keeling was at first very much hurt to think that her name could be so talked about: perhaps that is still the price which women may have to pay for cooperation in scientific work. Of course it's all wrong. I don't mean that archaeologists don't ever marry, & the more happily because they have interests in common; it's not unlikely that at the beginning the possibility of that was discussed in Iraq & such discussion may have been at the bottom of the tourist gossip you:
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7the first stage of the season's work, and even so we are far from having reached the limits of the cemetery; I have therefore decided to keep on with the excavation of the cemetery throughout the whole season instead of stopping half-way through; and when Mr. Mallowan joins us, which he should do on December 9th., I propose to delegate to him work which otherwise would have occupied the entire gang at a later date. Experience has shewn that with our present numbers employed my wife and I can keep fairly level with the men: we shall therefore continue as hitherto while Mr Mallowan with men newly enrolled will work independently elsewhere.Trusting that you will be satisfied with the results obtained by your Expedition in the course of this month and with the statement of accounts which I enclose,I have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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8.1.30My dear Legain, Your six boxes of antiquities have left today by the 'Aquitania' and should be at Philadelphia in a week's time. I will see what further [?unintelligible?] have to be sent to you, if any, and forward them at once. I have written to Mrs. McHugh forewarning her of the arrival of the boxes at New York on the 14th: they are [?unintelligible?] through to Philadelphia. At the same time I asked her whether the:
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8describe: in a small community like that of Iraq discussions are always about personalities, but everyone there now accepts the fact that she is out there for work. Since I am discussing a lady confidentially, I might go further & say that Mrs Keeling is nearly 40 & has been a widow for over 7 years and, as all her friends recognize, has no intention of remarrying! Moreover I know that before she came to Ur she sought & acted on the advice of her friends undeciperable in Baghdad, who are also the best friends of the expedition - & to me, for instance, Miss Gertrude Bell several times said what a good thing it was that she was with us. I am quite sure that in Iraq where, as you know, conditions make a certain amount of freedom for women very necessary, nothing is said to which anyone can object, and I know equal well that over here in scientific circles - as of course with you - her keenness on the work & her presence in camp an regarded as perfectly:
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8describe: in a small community like that of Iraq discussions are always about personalities, but everyone there now accepts the fact that she is out there for work. Since I am discussing a lady confidentially, I might go further & say that Mrs. Keeling is nearly 40 & has been a widow for over 7 years and, as all her friends recognize, has no intention of remarrying! Moreover I knew that before she came to Ur she sought - and acted on the advice of her friends undecipherable in Baghdad, who are also the best friends of the expedition - & to me, for instance, Miss Gertrude Bell several times said what a good thing it was that she was with us. I am quite sure that in Iraq where, as you know, conditions make a certain amount of freedom for women really necessary, nothing is said to which anyone could object; and I know equally well that over here in scientific circles - as of course with you - her keenness on the work & her presence in camp are regarded as perfectly:
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9natural. About the American tourists, especially those who talk without ever having been to Ur, I only know what you have told me, and that is unpleasant enough & however ignorant & stupid must of course be given a certain weight: but I can't see that to me officially it should count against the good which the expedition gets from Mrs Keeling's presence, and if she on her side is willing to put up with it in order to help our work forward I can only be the more grateful. But of course I shall keep my eyes & ears open & do my best to forestall anything of the sort, & I'm very grateful to you for the hint.Yours sincerely[signed] C. Leonard WoolleyP.S. Reading over the above I'm not sure that I have made it clear how distressed Mrs Keeling was:
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9natural. About the American tourists, especially those who talk without ever having been to Ur, I only know what you have told me, and that is unpleasant enough & however ignorant & stupid must of course be given a certain weight: but I can't see that to me officially it should count against the good which the expedition gets from Mrs. Keeling's presence, and if she on her side is willing to put up with it in order to help our work forward I can only be the more grateful. But of course I shall keep my eyes & ears open & do my best to forestall anything of the sort, & I'm very grateful to you for the hint.Yours very sincerely,[signed] C. Leonard WoolleyP.S. reading over the above I'm not sure that I have made it clear how distressed Mrs. Keeling was:
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<center> [number 2 drawn in circle] </center>
<p>Diqdiqqah<br />
On NE side of line in immediate vicinity of railway embankment off [?post?] 226/5 below surface considerable nos of yellowish burnt bricks of the Larsa type, a frag of an inscribed brick of Sin-iddinam, vase types XLIX, frags of carinated L drab clay bowls.
</p>:
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<center> [numeral 3 in circle]</center>
<p>Diqdiqqah <br />
</p><p>It was noteworthy that all the mounds in this neighbourhood especially the high [?tal?] by [?post?] 226/4 on SW side of railway was covered with clay-fused bricks & brick refuse. Possibly due to this [?presence?] <strike>of</strike> neighbourhood may once have been devoted to the baking of bricks for the city, this wld seem to be the only explanation for a [?] that is particularly prominent in this [?quarter?], a striking contrast to the normally baked brick refuse common in the city itself. <br />
</p>:
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<ins>PG.s</ins> 263
317
319
543.:
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<p> (1) PG 730
</p><p>258° - D
308° - A
?
</p><p>5.9 - 6 m below surface an inhumation
grave. In the filling an unusually large
number of pots
</p><p>(1) Rim 010 Ht 0215 Base 007
[drawing(artifact:pot)] light drab clay CCCCIII
</p><p>(2) similar to (1) Ht 021, light drab clay
</p><p>Ht 0225
Rim 0065
Base 006
[drawing(artifact:pot)] CCCCX
</p>:
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<p> (1) PG 758
</p><p>286° - D
</p><p>53° - C
</p><p>5 m below surface the remains
of two or possibly three inhumation graves
Bodies were laid on matting which was
set on a hard white material resembling
poudered stucco
[drawing(plan:grave)]
</p><p>the grave has been
plundered and bones and such
objects as remains were found in a
stack of confusion.
</p><p>(1) At least one of the heads had
rested on a stone shaped like a
</p>:
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<p> (1)PG 729
</p><p>257° - A
154° - C
125° - N
</p><p>1.4 m below surface an inverted
baked clay ribbed larnax grave; top
smashed in; dimensions 1.2 x 050 x 050 m
Against the outside of the grave a
group of clay vases, all of the LARSA
period.
</p><p>(1) Rim 0095 Ht 0235 Base 0055
[drawing(atrifact:pot)] greenish drab clay CCXII
</p>:
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<p> (2) PG 640
</p><p>(2) Light Drab Clay. Rim 0105 Ht. 021 [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCXXV
</p><p>(3) Light drab clay Ht 0205 Rim 011 Base 008. [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCXXX
</p><p>(4) Greenish drab clay Ht 025 Rim 0095 [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCIII
</p>
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<p> (2) PG 662
</p><p>(8) Behind head a baked clay vase with a reddish hematite wash rim 013 ht 024 [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCVII
</p><p>(9) Adjoining (8) a vase of light drab clay Ht 0225 rim 010 [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCIII
</p><p>(10) similar to (3) ht 0225
</p><p>(11) similar to (10) ht 0215
</p><p>(9) (10) (11) are typical of 1st Dyn tradition, at this end of the cemetery this was perhaps the first definite [?] of this period. This grave was just clear off a pottery & brick rubbish structure that shifted it but did not come over it</p>:
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<p> (2) PG 701</p><p>
(2) A vase of yellowish drab clay Rim 006 Ht. 016 Base 006 [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCXXV
</p>
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<p> (2) PG 706</P>
</p><p>[drawing(artifact:pot)] XXII. variant
</p><p>Inside the lower part 3 bowls of
reddish baked clay, rim 032 Ht 022
Base 076
</p>:
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<p> (2) PG 729
</p><p>(2) Similar to (1) Ht 0215
</p><p>(3) similar to (1) Ht 0123. But slightlly wider rim + ring base
</p><p>(4) similar to (3) Ht 0245
</p><p>(5) Ht 038 Rim 012 Ring base 010
[drawing(artifact:pot)] XIX
</p><p>(6) Rim 011 Base 010 Ht 021
[drawing(artifact:pot)] light drab clay
CCXI
</p>:
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<p> (2) PG 730
</p><p>(3) Ht 0175 Rim 010 Base 004
[drawing(artifact:pot)] TO LX light drab clay
hole perforated through middle of of bottom 0002 in diam
</p><p>(4) Ht 028 Rim 010 Reddish drab clay
but thepot was unevenly fried & parts
were light drab
[drawing(artifact:pot)] CCCCVII
</p>:
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<p> (2) PG 744
</p><p>
half rounded in section, lower half rectangular
The rounded stem was originally perforated
with a hole 0003 wide just at the point
where the stem changes from the circular to
the rectangular. [drawing(artifact: tool) U.9865
Tip slightly chipped.
</p><p>(5) Two copper <strike>needles</strike> PINS; only one in condition
head <strike>rounded</strike> curved & flattened like a screw
driver with a curved instead of a straight edge L 006 U.9866
[drawing(artifact)]
</p><p>This grave was only one of 4 disturbed
inhumation graves all of which lay
within a radius of 050. Traces of reed
matting were everywhere evident, the
pottery rubbish came all round, above
+ below the grave but not within it
</p>:
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<p> (2) PG 758
</p><p>5 m below surface the remains
of two or probably three inhumation graves.
Bodies were laid on matting which was set
in a hard white material resembling
stucco. Much of this had turned to powder.
</p><p>The grave has been plundered and
such objects as were found as well as the
bones, lay in a state of confusion. At
least one of the heads had rested on a
<strike>[?]</strike> block shaped like a burnt brick
dimensions 023 x 022 x 006. Upon it was
found a jaw the rest of the skull being
close by. This proved to be a block
of calcide. U.11,202
</p>:
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<p> (2) PG 760
</p><p>Below surface an inhumation
grave, Body in flexed position on right
side lying in bitumened reed matting
</p><p>(1) Below the neck strung vertically
seven rows of beads, gold bugle, carnelian
ring beads, lapis bugles in that order
[drawing(artifact: jewelry)]
</p>:
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<p> (2) PG 777</p><p>341 1/2 degrees - E
50 degrees - C
</p><p>C. 10 m below surface on a level with floor of antechamber of PG777 a few much disturbed remains of a burial. Bones hopelessly decayed & confused with them
</p><p>1. A decayed [?] flint
2. Fragments of an ostrich shell
</p><p>In the analogy of PG 789, it seems probable that this was the body of one of the retainers that help watch against the outer wall of the king's tomb. Hand by rubbish & ash structures & in it were found remains of the inscribed foundation [?] thus previously.
</p>:
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<p> (3) PG 730
</p><p>(5) light drab clay Rim 0115 Ht 012
[drawing(artifact:pot)] CLXXXV
</p><p>(6) Rim 0135 Ht 0075 Base 0045
[drawing (artifact:pot)] TO. II
</p><p>(7) (8) (9) similar to (6) - badly broken.
</p><p>(10) Fragment; <strike>top</strike> bottom only of a [?champagne?]
vase. Rim 014 Ht 027
[drawing(artifact:pot)] hollow in side
</p><p>(110 (12) (13) (14) (15) same as (1)
</p>:
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<p> (3) PG 760
</p><p>J. A vase of light drab baked
clay; part of rim missing.
Rim 006 Ht 0105
[drawing(artifact:pot)] CCCCCXXIV
</p>:
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<p> (3)PG 720
</p><p>Rim 0145 Ht 0145 Base 009
</p><p>[drawing(artifact:pot)] CCCCXLVII yellowish drab clay
</p><p>Same PG as lay slender copper axe
</p>:
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<p> (4) PG 672</p>(12)Ht 027 Rim 011 Base 008 Light drab clay [drawing (artifact:pot] CCCCXVI</p>
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<p> (4) PG 730
</p><p>the filling of the grave was
045 deep and was strewn with
the clay vessels aforementioned
Several of them apparently
contained animal bones within
the grave itself appears to have
been plundered; leg bones were
found in the middle of the filling
and most of the parts were hopelessly
smashed.
</p><p>(16) Beneath one of the clay vessels,
also in the filling part of a third
[drawing(artifact)]
</p>:
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<p> (4) PG 734
</p><p>(2) Against left shoulder a copper axe, heavy type U.9862
</p><p>(3) Against right shoulder an [?edge?]
copper U.9861
</p><p>(4) Against (3) a copper chisel U.9860.
</p>:
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<p> (6) PG 730
</p><p>The human bones found in the
filling were the bones belonging to
the skeleton of this particular burial
and no other as the rest of the
skeleton was found in the floor of the
grave. Only the skull was never
found - presumably there has been
jewellery around it. The body itself
seems to have rested in a coffin
consisting of wood work & fine wicker work matting. This wicker work matting was finer in texture than the reed matting & lay inside it. The [?external?] wood work as so decayed that it was impossible to detect its original form.
</p>:
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<p> 1) pg 622</p><p>A [angle] 325 C [angle] 61 PG 622
</p><p>Inhumation grave in mat coffin, direction [angle] 57 190 below surface: body on l side w head SW = were preserved = vy tall apparently, 5' 11". [?Ph 010?]
</p><p>1. Round the neck Beads = small gold [?], [?] silver balls, carnelian rings, agate [?bangle?], lapis</p><p>C order carn, gold, carn, silver, gold, carn, silver, gold, agate, gold, carn [?], gold, [?], lapis, gold, small lapis, gold, white [?], gold
</p><p>B Either a second string or a second [?] of the same string, was of lapis and silver beads alternating [drawing (artifact:jewelry)] thus</p><p>A Under the chain a 3rd string of lapis carn lentoids alternating w silver balls</p><p>small carn = silver, larger carn, silver; white carn silver, v. long carn.</p>
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<p> 2) PG 659
</p><p>1) [drawing (artifact:pot)]VIX (76) ht 028 rim 010 drab clay.
</p><p>2) Same type, ht 035 rim 011 drab clay
</p><p>3) same type ht 025 rim 011
</p><p>4)[drawing (artifact:pot)] (37) CCCCLIII variant drab clay bowl ht 016 rim 020
</p>
<p>5,6 7 & 8) 4 examples of the type, ht 020 rim 010 all drab clay [drawing (artifact:pot)] 198 new
</p>
<p>9) Spouted bowl rim c 015 ht c 012 broken [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCLV (214)
</p><p>10) [?same?] diam 016 ht 0045 of vy dark almost black clay broken [drawing (artifact:pot)] XXXIV (26)
</p><p>11) a second similar, broken
</p><p>12) inside - larnax red clay o heamatite wash all broken grave plundered [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCVII (45)
</p>:
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<p> Abu Shahrein burnt bricks 028x014x007 with 3 holes right through (these built as rubble into - stone wall w- big cones [drawing (artifact:tool)] [drawing (artifact: pot 1:3)] [drawing (artifact: pot 1:3)] [drawing (artifact: pot 1:3)]</p>:
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<p> BC </p>
<p>Bur Sin Se annexe. [?apart?] - outer wall running out the - 2nd [?round?] [?], 200 m - m. corner were a clay larnax lying NWxSE head NW</p>
<p>m- coffin, under hands, a [?very?] shallow bowl or plate of [white?] calcite</p>
<p>ht 0025 rim 014 w 1625g stone </p>
<p>on one finger a bronze ring</p>:
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<p> C.L.W. NT </p>
<p> G108 </p>
<p>[picture, pottery, labeled ?]</p>
<p>Yellowish drab baked clay pot Ht 031 rim 034. level with [?] found of period 2) Chamber wall running NWxSE contained fragment of [?animal?] [bones?]</p>:
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<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p> G.(a) </p>
<p>(in red): Larsa House draw</p>
<p>[picture, grave: labeled [?Larnax?] G]</p>
<p>In the corner of a Larsa (?) house a small trough grave in 3 compartments containing child's bones. L 070 Ht 022 in middle. Ht 076. a baby's (?) body in each compartment.</p>
<p>And in the adjacent room see plan a double saucer burial with childs bones within</p>:
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<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p> G.72 </p>
<p>Body lay thus</p>
<p>[picture, skeleton profile]</p>
<p>Head SW</p>
<p>Body was flexed and on left side. on it traces of [?closely?] woven cloth and a woollen (?) fringe running down the entire front of the garment from the neck to the feet</p>:
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<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p> G.73 </p>
<p>In a corner of the room under the floor a ribbed Larsa [?Larnax?] grave with basket work top</p>
<p>Dimensions 1.2x065x060 deep</p>
<p>Coffin lay NxS approx.</p>
<p>Fragments of leg bones only. The grave had been plundered & when opened was found to be full of earth.</p>:
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<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p> G.73, 74 </p>
<p>[picture, blueprint; graves labeled]</p>:
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<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p> G.74 </p>
<p>Larnax grave - ribbed baked clay with plain top. Normal dimensions. contained two bodies and outside the grave a baked clay vase - light drab. Rim 016 Ht 050</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled 587]</p>:
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<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p> G.75 </p>
<p>In same room as G 73 & 74 a broken double pot grave also under floor. Contained two skulls and no objects. view of pot [?circumphile?] TYPE. Dimensions?</p>
<p>[picture right, pottery; CCCa]</p>
<p>resting on a base of burnt bricks 025x016x007. Yellow Larsa type vase was on its side.</p>:
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<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p> G.92 </p>
<p>S. city mounds set back from the quay wall c. 20m. Larsa (?) houses or possibly 1.Bab./ [Intrusive] into a house wall a [?Persian?] grave. [i...?] [with?]</p>
<p>1) Two carnelian ball beads</p>
<p>2) A c. shaped bronze bangle</p>
<p>3) Two shell rings</p>
<p> =RC72 = 129 In the neighborhood several examples of sherds - Type XLIX. yellowish drab baked clay. Burnt bricks badly [?fired?] 024x015x0075, 0285x0175x0085, 032sq x007. Mixed typical of bad Kassitic building</p>:
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<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p> Gs 73, 74 </p>
<p>Both graves lay under the floor of the house. top of graves came directly below footings of the walls. top of baked clay offering vase type CCVIII came directly below top of footings.</p>
<p>Burnt brick in wall 029x018x007</p>
<p>Burnt yellowish Larsa type also 028x019x0075</p>
<p>Back (NE wall) only 5 [?causes?] of which remained was battered and appeared to be holding up buildings in the higher ground to [?the?] NE.</p>:
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<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p>Rim 040 Ht 014</p>
<p>Light, greenish drab baked clay [?double?] inverted vases mouth to mouth one childs body within.</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled L.31]</p>
<p>Beneath Larsa [?] floor which was 2 [c...?] above wall foundation</p>:
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<p> CLW </p>
<p> G.119 </p>
<p>Larnax grave ribbed oral type c. 1.3m below floor level empty of contents. But against it a light drab baked clay vase. Ht 048. 587 TYPE CCXIV.</p>
<p>Mud brick in adjacent walls 026x017x007</p>
<p>[picture, left, blueprint; labeled LONG ROOM, ->N ]</p>:
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<p> G.109 </p>
<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p>Ribbed Larnax oral type - nothing inside. immediately below floor level with it a baked clay vase L. drab type</p>
<pre>[picture, pottery; labeled 587 TYPE CCXIV]
</pre>:
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<p> G.112 </p>
<p> G.113 </p>
<p>Pavement belonging to room in which there graves were found has been raised by 030 during same wall period. Remains of mud brick pavement at 1.2m above floor of grave & burnt brick pavement at 1.5m above it - b b. 027x0165x0055. Burnt brick in the walls were 026 & 027x0165x0075. Second b b pavement [?oriented?] flush with 7th [comse?] from bottom of the walls. Evidently both periods were Larsa of also Larsa pot in G.114</p>:
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<p> G.112, 113</p>
<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p>Under floor apparently as much as 1.5m below it a Larnax bath grave. Head NE. Body flexed and on right side. No objects with it. G.113 was at same level and parallel and similarly disappointing in its contents - body flexed & on left side at hand. copper [?thimble?] bowl 0055, 0085, 0065</p>
<pre> metal rim 0075, ht 0035, [?Miniature?] [picture, pottery; labeled 415. 497]
</pre>
<p>[picture right, pottery; labeled 30 = 75, 6 = 25, 415.496]</p>:
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<p> G.119 </p>
<p>Ribbed Larnax oral - Larsa type below floors - same room as G.118. Inside it a pinkish drab baked clay bowl Rim 017. Ht 012 Base 006[0]</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled 605]</p>:
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<p> G.16 L C.L.W. </p>
<p>Inside thick mud plaster bricks of grave 036sq x 008, & 036x018x0085, 023x015x0075, 0285x0195x0075-008, 0255x017x007</p>
<p> [?] and the inscribed brick 0255sq x 0065</p>
<p>Bur Sin's Apsu. - this :. was re-used</p>
<p>All the beads were laid on a single [?comse?] of [?raised?] bricks of at the back of the grave</p>
<p>12) By one of the heads a {?halinatite?] weight - lentoid shapes L. 0065</p>
<p>12) & 13) belonged to one body</p>
<p>13) A second similar L 0026</p>
<p>14) At feet a copper disk [?d?] 0045</p>
<p>15) A second similar to 14) 14) & 15) belonged to second body</p>
<p>16) on one of the bodies at neck a cylinder seal - [?hemisphere?] L 0035 d 0018 poor condition - presentation [?secure?]</p>
<p>16) Belonged to the third body - the one in the center that appeared to have been [?inseated?] last</p>:
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<p> G.26 C.L.W. </p>
<p>[?Corbel?] brick grave - plundered. Outside entrance 5 light drab baked clay vases same as G.1 1) 588 </p>
<p>Grave NExSW built up against [?long?] wall running SE extreme NW end of dig</p>:
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<p> G.36 C.L.W. </p>
<p>All the graves were about 020 above pavement level in next room. - [?]</p>
<p>This pavement must :. have been at a higher level than that of library.</p>:
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<p> G.36 C.L.W. </p>
<p>Outside NE wall of tablet house see plan an infants bath grave [?larnax?] with ribbed cover. 070x055x030 deep nothing else inside.</p>
<p>Immediately against it a double [?] bowl burial mouth to mouth with 4 infant skulls inside it</p>
<p>[picture, pottery]</p>
<p>Against it 2 similar rims 039 ht 020. Also one rim 029. Ht 021 with infant [?bones?]</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled CCA. = L]</p>:
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<p> G.39 C.L.W. </p>
<p>Corbel brick grave. part of roof has caved in - Larsa period. within were three bodies - skulls against entrance and</p>
<p>1) Vase of L drab clay Ht 018 rim 011 base 007</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled 664]</p>
<p> Town wall SE side </p>:
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<p> G.41 C.L.W. </p>
<p>Against SE wall of the room was a burnt brick table 4 [?comses?] high extending 070 from the wall into the room and 2.4m in length. This was probably a table for the storing of tablets as a few were found in the ashes above it and a number were found against it on the floor below. At S end of this table a burnt brick box consisting of 2 bricks set on edge on 3 sides and [?bounded?] by the room wall behind thus</p>
<p>[picture, table and box]</p>
<p>and inside it was found an inscribed tablet [?giv.?] this has been baked by the fire</p>:
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<p> G.41 C.L.W. </p>
<p>Against the S corner of the room was found a square brick pedestal 050x050x070 high but nothing in it.</p>
<p>On the pavement against NE wall 3 bricks forming a T thus [picture, T formed bricks] projecting into the room these lay [?] between the 2 infant pot burials. The interest of this room lay in the association of infant burials and library an exact parallel with the infant burials and library found in Quiet Street (season 1925-1926) and further, as in 2 cases both adjoining burials these were pairs of infants, there is a strong presumption that we are confronted with death by sacrifice and not by natural causes.</p>:
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<p> G.54 </p>
<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p>Apparently a burnt brick box 050 sq [?let?] into the floor - immediately below pavement level. part of it rested against the side of corbel brick grave 108 - within the box [?wh.?] was only 030 deep a skull and leg bones - probably a re-burial with the body.</p>
<p>1) Baked clay saucer 0165, 0085,0065</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled RC21 L3]</p>
<p>2) Light drab baked clay vase TYPE</p>
<p>[picture right, pottery; labeled RC73 Type XVI L]</p>
<p>Ht 023</p>:
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<p> G.72 </p>
<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p>[picture, corner with grave and pottery]</p>
<p>Immediately beneath the floor, parallel with the SE wall of the room a baked clay ribbed [?Lamax?] grave and with it three pots of the Larsa period. Head SW</p>:
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<p> G.8 L C.L.W. </p>
<p>1.7m below bottom of adjoining burnt brick cross wall against the face of the main mud brick wall a plundered grave. Skull and disturbed bones. Body in right side lying NExSW; back of head [?flush?] with wall face. At foot of grave two baked clay vases of Larsa type</p>
<p> 586 </p>
<p>1) Same as G.1. 1) Broken Ht C 0227</p>
<p>2) Same as G.7 1) Ht 0435</p>
<p>3) At neck 2 carnelian beads, one a plain ball bead the other a carnelian [?barrel?] bead with two signs inscribed upon it.</p>
<p>Dimensions of grave 1.1x060. Fragments of bricks lay around probably the remains of the coffin</p>:
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<p> G.84 </p>
<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p>L 1.2 w. 050 Ht 030. Beneath the floor a ribbed terracotta [?Larnax?]. Body flexed and on right side. Head SW. Outside the grave</p>
<p>1) Light drab baked clay vase. Rim 011 Ht 025 ht of base 0035. Base [?diam?] 0095</p>
<p>[picture, pottery (2), labeled RC and RC 23]</p>
<p>Really a Larsa type with an attached ring base</p>
<p>2) A saucer of light drab clay Rim 015 Ht 007 Base 006</p>:
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<p> pg 625</p><p>A[angle] 308
C[angle] 26
</p><p>depth 200 Inhuamtion grave of an infant. Bones in confusion, - body not having been laid out properly. No direction. - Body was set between 2 pots.
</p><p>1) [drawing (artifact:pot)] XIV drab clay ht 040 rim 012 (broken)
</p><p>2) [drawing (artifact:pot)] CLXXXV ht 017 rim 014 pinkish clay (broken)
</p><p>3) Close to the second pot, but not necessarily belonging to the grave, was a copper fishhook with [?] U.9530
</p>
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<p> PG 651 </p><p>A[angle] 329
D[angle] 261
</p><p>Inhumation grave, completely ruined Depth below surface C. 280 Part o - grave must h [?] [?over?] a type o PG 580</p><p> Ramining, only a few bones, including - skull (which was at -E end) & a copper pin of plain tang head l 0165 broken U.9576
</p>
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<p> PG 682 </p><p>263[degree symbol] - D 315{degree symbol] - A</p>
<p>2.7 m Below surface a disturbed inhumation grave. This lay [?ultimately?] at the foot of the pottery & brick rubbish stratum and must actually have been at the bottom of the rubbish pit. Only object found, a copper ear ring in poor condition.</p>:
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<p> PG 684 </p><p>248'-D 87'-C 65'N</p>
<p>c3m Below the surface a bitumen bellium adjoining a disturbed inhumation grave Bellium in poor condition L060 W023 in middle In the reed matting adjoining some confused bones and a copper pin L0225 Elongated nob head. Nothing else found; [drawing (artifact] skull missing U.9619</p>:
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<p> PG 720</p><p>124[degrees]-C Bearings on heat of grave
226[degrees] D
810[Degrees]
</p><p>4.8 M below surface an inhumantion grave; apparently disturbed as the head was found and there was a copper bowl lying circled over the upper arms.
</p><p>[drawing (plan:grave)]
Position of objects round girdle.
</p><p>(1) Lying inverted on upper arm a hemispherical copper bowl. Rim 071 Hopeless condition - partly removed from its normal position, emptied & inverted by the rotten who w doubt extracted [?] [?] [?]
</p>
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<p> [Letter (e) in parentheses in upper right corner of page]
</p><p>SE wall are built burnt brick blocks 2 courses deep and two courses high. Both blocks only run on for a distance of 6.6 m and at this point are met by a cross piece 2 m wide and bonded in to the blocks built up against the NE and SW walls. These 2 later blocks only begin 2.5 m away from the SE wall. Over these blocks is a 3rd course of burnt brick but this
</p><p>[drawing(plan): of bitumen lined channel, with North indicated, and a key to the drawing off to the right side]
</p><p>third course only extends over a portion 1.9 m long away from the N corner of the cross piece in the case of the SW wall block and 1.5 m long away from the N corner of the cross piece in the case of the [both SE and NE are written, one over the other] wall block the raised course forms one side of a bitumen lined channel running round 3 sides of a rectangle cf plan. The other side of the channel consists of 2 courses of burnt brick built up against the NE & SW walls and a raised pavement 090 [word wide crossed out, word long written above] extending from NE to SW walls 4 courses long only. 025x027 & 026x017x009. Beyond this in the NW portion of the room no early burnt brick pavement
</p>:
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<p> [Letter (f) in upper right corner of page]
</p><p>was found with the exception of 2 burnt bricks 027x032 against the NW wall in the N corner of the room and remains of brick work along the N portion of the NW wall. All this however is too low to be pavement and is probably refacing of the wall. Presumably in the early [?floor?] was originally a [?sand?] floor at the NW end of the room. We have 3 distinct features of [undecipherable] the floor within the [undecipherable] room.
[lower case letter a with a circle around it] SE end bitumen covered
[upper case letter B with a circle around it] Middle: Four courses of [?mixed?] burnt brick.
[upper case letter C? with a circle around it] NW end Mud.
</p><p>The bitumen lined channels and bitumen coated floor suggest [word crossed out] that the room was used in [?connection?] with liquid possibly for ablution purposes by [word crossed out] worshippers before their entry to the adjoining shrine. On the other hand there is no indication of any outlet for the water in any direction. No sink or drain was found. At the SW end of the adjoining shrine a drain was found but the floor of this room slopes in the reverse direction so that is is out of the question to suppose that liquid was drained from the channels through the door in the E end of the NE wall into the [adjac crossed out] drain of the adjoining shrine. On the other hand the fact that
</p>:
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<p>(1)
</p><p>S.E. End. T.W.
</p><p>Intra Mural chamber facing [?post?] E. (See
plan).
</p><p>Against SE. end of the room a dais
of mud brick 3 to 4 courses thick. Matting
used was <strike>a</strike> <strike>through</strike> used as a through bond
between 2 of the upper courses. In the soil
against the face of the dais were found
traces of grain â barley seeds, and possibly
millet pods were identified. The texture of
the soil in which some of the grain was
found appeared to indicate the presence
of decayed sacking. This soil was dark
brown in color looser and softer, and
recalled the type of soil found in graves
containing decayed garments.
</p><p>The dais (?) extended to half the
width of the room the other half of the
floor consisted of solid mud packing
</p>
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<p>(1) G 100 AH</p>
<p>Inverted-pot burial in chapel of Khan, 0.55 below level of burnt-brick pavement, against NW wall. Pot of type? [drawing (artifact: pot)] diam. 0.85</p>
<p>Outside grave, pot of TYPE CCXIV = RC 56 Ht 0.49 rim 0.18</p>
<p>Grave contained adult bones -no order- with some traces of matting. Three skulls.</p>
<p>No objects.</p>:
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<p>(1) G.98 AH Lay in Chapel on NE side of narrow lane behind NE wall of House (4)</p>
<p>Corbel b. brick grave lying directly below floor of house 9</p>
<p>Dimensions. Ht 1.6. L. 2.1. Internal w. 090 External w 1.2. b.b.s 0275 x 0018 x 0075 & 0235-024 x 015 x 0075</p>
<p>Entrance to grave blocked by b.b.s some of which were set on edge from bottom upwards method of blocking was 1 course on edge, 1 course headers & stretchers, 1 course on edge, 3 course headers & stretchers 1 course on edge, 6 courses headers & stretchers 1 course for roof / 14 courses in all Above grave Entrance end</p>
<p>5 infant double bowl burials</p>:
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<p>(1) House X AH</p>
<p>G 55 House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">(2)</span></p>
<p>[drawing (plan: building, partial) labeled with grave positions, legend (see below) and words: shallow founds]</p>
<p>B.B. walls 1st period [hash marked walls]</p>
<p>2nd period [shaded walls]</p>:
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<p>(1) PG 760
</p><p>[drawing(plan: grave)]
</p>:
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<p>(2)
</p><p>S.E. End. TW.
</p><p>and contained in its upper courses broken
burnt bricks <strike>of the</strike> <strike>t</strike> as used in sump
pits for the purposes of drainage.
The differentiation of floor construction in
the 2 halves of the room is in accordance
with what we should expect in a granary
and it is important that we have here
definite proof that some of the intra
mural Temenos chambers were used as
granaries. It is also interesting that the
granary had a direct approach through the
inner wall into the Temenos area
</p><p>The granary was later repaved with a
jus floor 050 above founds of the pedestal: it was
on this jus floor that the corn sacks had
stood and it seems from the stratification of
the jus that in the later period there was a
step up just as there had been when the
pedestal itself was in actual use
</p>
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<p>(2) G 211 HOUSE XVIII A.H</p>
<p>(2) Light Drab Baked Clay Rim 011 Ht 0225 Base 0065</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] XVI = RC73</p>
<p>(3) Similar to (2) Ht 0215</p>
<p>(4) Saucer Rim 0165 Ht 0065 Base 006 L. drab clay [drawing (artifact: pot)] IX = RC4b contained within it a number of miniature copper tools</p>:
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<p>(2) P.G 757
</p><p>(5) 2 copper ear rings, one broken-
</p><p>(6) cockle shell w. black paint
</p>:
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<p>(2) PG 681</p><p>
(5) On the opposite side of the body
is the copper pin (3) close to feet a second long copper pin, exactly similar in type,
with elongated nob bead L023
square in section. Its
position in the grave relative
to the first pin is interesting: [drawing(artifact)] U.9722
in all probability it was used
to pin together the matting over
the body; this explains the position
of the 2 pins at each end on
opposite sides of the body; the
matting would thus be pegged down evenly</p><p>
(6) At foot end of grave a vase of light
drab clay Ht 0235 Rim 010. PG 682 (5)
(7), (8), (9), (10) All similar to (6) with almost identical dimensions. Foot end of grave
(11) Ht 024 Rim 0115 [drawing(artifact:pot)] CCCCVII
</p>:
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<p>(2) PG 686
</p><p>Middle string longest beads</p><p> 1 carnelian double conoid
gold ball
crystal ring bead
gold ball
lapis ball
gold double conoid
carnelian bugle
gold ball
lapis ball
carnelian ball
god ball
carnelian lentoid
gold ball (or copper)
jasper bugle
gold ball
crystal ring bead
gold ball crytal ring bead gold ball
</p><p>U.9623</p><p>also found on this string; flattened circular lapis & gold ball next to it & flattened paste double conoid.</p>
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<p>(2) PG 690
</p><p>(4) Against (1) a copper vase, hemispherical, hopeless condition Rim 012 Ht 006? III
</p><p>(5) A steatite bowl, part of rim missing Rim 010 Ht 0045 Base 0095
</p><p>[drawing (artifact:pot)] U.9616
</p>
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<p>(2) PG 764</p>
<p>Against head of PG 764 a baked clay vase with a reddish haematite wash Rim 0035 Ht 010 [drawing(artifact: pot)] TO XLIX</p>
<p>At exactly the same level as the PG 762 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> grave, not in it butoutside close to the edge of the limits of the matting a round tablet of unbaked clay, inscribed,</span> actually in the filling of the grave only 010 above the level of the copper pin an inscribed tablet of <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">baked</span> unbaked clay. U</p>:
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<p>(2) Pg 777</p><p>
That plundering went on in this vicinity
some 7 or 800 years after the date of
inhumation
</p><p>Also in grave a circular
[?] grinder.
This grave was immediately
abutting in E corner of SE wall
of the antichamber
</p>:
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1
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<p>(2) PG. 760
</p><p>rosette finials having petals of shell, gold
& lapis lazuli alternately - eight petals to each
</p><p>E. At shoulder, 2 silver pins with bent
heads. Each capped with a lapis ball
bead. L. of pin - straight measurement
018. Square in section above; rounded below.
</p><p>F. Immediately above the pins a
necklace of fluted lapis lazuli
ball beads. (Bottom one of the 3 strings
round the neck)
</p><p>G. Below the neck a frontlet consisting of
seven rows of beads strung vertically
gold bugles, carnelian ring beads, lapis
bugels - in that order.
</p><p>H.<strike>Immediately</strike> strung round neck,
top string - lapis & gold triangles
alternately
</p><p>I. Below H. a necklace of alternalt
silver & lapis double conoids.
</p>:
|
1
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<p>(2) PG738
</p><p>(2) Rim 004 Ht 007 Base 0035
</p><p>[drawing(artifact:pot)] XXXIII
</p><p>Miniature, hand
made, reddish clay
</p><p>(3) Rim 010 Ht 025 Base 0075
[drawing(artifact:pot)] XX
</p>:
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1
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<p>(2)</p>
<p>PG 775</p>
<p>(2) Flint cores,</p>
<p>(3) Fragments of l. drab pottery with rope moulding</p>
<p>[drawing(artifact)]</p>
<p>(4) Fragment of diorite (?)</p>:
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<p>(2)PG 694
(2) Also against feet at the end of foot save a few fragments of delicate copper loops [drawing (artifact)] probably affixed to the side of the sandal to admit straps. U.9729
</p><p>The body had carefully been wrapped in a sacking shroud of very fine texture is traces of these remained This grave had probably been plundered.
</p><p>(3) At foot end a vase with a rubbed hematite wash, hopelessly smashed Type thus -- Ht C. 031 Rim 012 [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCXIV
</p>
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<p>(3) PG. 672
</p><p>(9)
[drawing (artifact:pot)] TO XLII
</p><p>For dimensions see page (2) The
pot was made of a [?] reddish yellow
clay; <strike>and</strike> its texture and form alike [?] it
as early: it must at least date to 1st Dyn
if not before. This is probably the early
predecessor of pot type illustrateD in PG. 614 (10)
</p>:
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<p>(3) TW
</p><p>(The pedestal itself had a ledge 080 wide
forming a step up onto the main platform
see plan). Over this ledge the broken bricks
were found and in view of the disarray of the jus floor
above they were probably laid not as for
purposes of drainage but for to give more
solid support to the step over which the jus
was laid.
</p>
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<p>(3) G 98 A.H.</p>
<p>In the entrance a group of pots of yellowish drab clay (1) Rim 029 new L.1b [drawing (artifact: pot)] 690 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">661 CCXL</span> Larsa</p>
<p>(2) Similar to (1) 0275</p>
<p>(3) Type <strong>XVI</strong> RC 73 Ht 0215</p>
<p>(4) L. Drab Clay Ht 020 rim 007 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: (4) RC54]<span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CVI</span></p>
<p>(5) Greenish drab clay Rim 0075 Ht 0215 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: (5) 701 CLXXII variant] type drawing missing draw</p>
<p>(6) Similar to (1) Bowl yellowish clay Rim 0265 Ht 0045 Base 015 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: misdrawn line] 66<span style="text-decoration:line-through;">2</span>1 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCXVIII</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">Persian type!</span></p>:
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<p>(3) PG 681
</p><p>(12) Also against - feet a pair of cockle shells containing black & white paint U.9723
</p><p>(13) About 050 above the floor of the grave in the filling 7 light drab clay saucers [?] measurements: Rim 011, Ht 006,
base 0035 [drawing(artifact:pot)] TO II
</p><p>(14) In filling of grave about 050 above floor, head end, an alabaster vase.
U.9724 Rim 0125, Ht 0065, Base 007
</p><p>(15) Against hands a second copper bowl, hemispherical, good condition but
smashed by the spade man. U.9725
III
</p><p>(16)2 copper ear rings [drawing(artifact:jewelry)] solid ends U.9726.
</p><p>(17) 1 silver ear ring. U.9727
</p>:
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<p>(3) PG 686
</p><p>(3) Top string; small beads Flattened silver double conoid Lapis diamond gold double conoid U.9624 Lapis gold valve continuously in that order
</p><p>(4) Against shoulder a copper pin rounded in section l 0265 broken in 2 pieces elongated nob head U.9621 [drawing (artifact)] U.9621
</p><p>(5) On breast a shell cylinder seal with copper cap L 0014 d 0016 U.9620
</p><p>(6) A pair of earrings one silver one copper in each ear U.9622
</p>
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<p>(3) PG 744
</p><p>(6) Within the radius of the disturbed
graves, same level a broken
copper blade probably a
slender type of axe; very
thin in section L 015 w at
end 005
[drawing(artifact:tool)]
</p>:
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<p>(3) PG738
</p><p>(4) Ht 0305 Rim 0125 Base 011
light drab clay
[drawing(artifact:pot)] CCCC variant
</p><p>(5) Rim 0115 Base 0105 Ht 025
light drab clay
[drawing(artifact:pot)] CCCCXXIX
</p>:
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<p>(3)PG 694
</p><p>(4) Outside the grave, foot and a vase of light drab clay. Ht 025 Rim 0095 same as pg 662 (9)
</p><p>(5) Ht 023 Rim 010 same as PG 680 (3) Hole perforated though bottom [?] in [?]
</p>
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<p>(4) G 211 House XVIII A.H.</p>
<p>(8) Forked copper blade L0033 [drawing 1:1 (artifact: tool)] U.16.773.</p>
<p>(9) Copper Blade with hammered socket thus [drawing 1:1 (artifact: tool)] L0057 w. of blade 0004</p>
<p>not RC types</p>
<p>In the saucer containing the copper implements a number of birdâs bones</p>:
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<p>(4) G 98 A.H.</p>
<p>(7) Reddish drab clay vase Ht 043 Rim 015 Found outside blocked entrance to grave 050 higher than floor level of grave [drawing (artifact: pot)] TYPE -: ICLXXXVII [C written backwards] Larsa</p>
<p>In the grave bodies. Heads all at NW end and with them / Earlier bodies apparently distrbed when late bodies were inserted</p>
<p>(8) A pair of gold ear rings of thin gold wire ends slightly overlapping [drawing 1:1 (artifact: jewelry)] U.16.393</p>
<p>(9) Twolentoid haematite weights ls 0045 & 003.</p>
<p>(10) Oblong faceted weight L 0027 haematite U.16.367 [a line indicates both (10) and (11) fall under this number] (11) Duck weight Haematite L 0017</p>
<p>U.16.394 (12) 2 Beads 1 lapis bugle 1 sard lentoid & frag of a large baked clay bead</p>:
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<p>(5) PG 730
</p><p>
White = wood
black = red paste
</p><p>[drawing(artifact:pattern in wood)]
</p><p>(14) In the filling 030 above the floor of the grave were found traces of a
pattern in wood. This had had red paint applied. In appearance it
resembled the lid of a circular
box. Lying horizontally upon it were
a number of bone strips, rectangular in
section. Dimensions of larger strips
008 x 0003 x 0002 and of smaller
strips ? x 0001 x 0001. These were
mostly badly broken.
</p>:
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<p>(contd.)</p>
<p>LARSA GRAVES</p>
<p>A.H. site</p>
<p>G. 171 - end</p>:
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<p>(g)
</p><p>the bitumen hollowed channels are rounded and not square goes against any <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> <ins>suggestion</ins> of joinery for square bases are required if a wooden erection is to be [?]. They might however have served as a base for some metal construction <strike>possibly as a [?]</strike> which might have been a [?covering?] for previous objects as against the NE wall in the middle of the long block referred to there is a slightly recessed block which might have served as a statue base and at the end of the same block against the N door jamb of the E door of the NE wall is a rectangular erection 090x080 rising 2 courses above pavement level. The bricks of this erection have bitumen mortar. This might be a hollowed pedestal for a big statue, a fireplace, or even a well. In any case [?this?] is a clearly marked division between the NW end of the room with its mud floor & 4 courses of [?raised?] pavement <strike>and the</strike> of burnt brick and the sunken bitumen coated burnt brick floor in the other half of the room. These seem to be relics of <strike>a</strike> ceremonial forms of which we have not sufficient data for reconstruction.
</p><p>060 away from the S door jamb of the W door in the SW wall is a burnt brick base adjoining the 4 courses of burnt brick pavement. This base is 3 courses deep has a bitumen coating and projects 060 from the wall. It is 075 wide.
</p>:
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<p>(KP)
</p><p>Gig-par-ku
</p><p>Temple
</p>
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<p>(Larsa) G 331 p.1 AH.</p>
<p>Brick vault below floor of main level in No IV Store St.</p>
<p>Corbel-vault, orientated NE and SW, 0.50 below footins of <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">upper</span> main period wall.</p>
<p>Length 1.70 Ht wd brick-measurements 0.35 x 0.35 x 0.10</p>
<p>(1) Outside vault, reddish clay pot, TYPE CCXIV RC 56 Ht 0.500 rim 0.164</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p>Bones in confusion. 3 skulls.</p>
<p>(2) Near door, copper bracelet, thin wire, plain spring, diam 0.06</p>
<p>(3) Nea rdoor, copper ring, plain spring, medium wire, diam 0.023</p>
<p>(4) Near door, burnished clay bowl with one lug, see p.2</p>
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<p>(N. harbour 3)</p>
<p>Sqq S 22 CLW</p>
<p>broken bricks pottery ? & calcined bricks (it was - denudation o - upper part leaving - large clinkers in, site , wch gave character to - ridge). This ballast lay in slopes o - spoil heap sort & seemed to h been ripped over pm - top o - mud core. - Mud core drift was far pm by clean & contained a ? ballast same sort.</p>:
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<p>- NW front Square 16-17 KP
</p><p>- Bricks o - buttress retaining - wall are consistently header 027-026 long x 0085 thick<br />
- Buttress projecting to - street line is o bricks 029-031x018x0075 <br />
- long NW passage is paved w bricks (IIIrd Dyn). 030 sq<br />
- Larsa floor on NW passage was o mud only, 070 above -earlier paving<br />
In - IIIrd dyn passage floor [blank space] from - entry door tr was a hole 030x040x040 deep, w rounded angles, thickly lined w bitumen.<br />
In - thickness o - IIIrd dyn. mud outer wall, just SW o - entry, there were - remains o a tank 130 sq. cut into - brickwork & lined w bitumen : it was apparently o - Larsa period as tr were some Larsa burnt bricks in - upper part o its side.
</p>
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<p>001back (PG?) Tomb group <strong>Odd nos.</strong> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">823</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">907</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">825</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">909</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">827</span> 911 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">831, 833, 835, 837</span> 913 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">839</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">915</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">841</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">917</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">843</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">845</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">847</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">849</span> Duplicates <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">877-9</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">851</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">897</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">853</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">855</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">857</span> 917 attend w 909 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">859</span> 915 attend w 910 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">861</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">863, 865, 867</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">869</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">871</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">873</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">875</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">877</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">879</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">881, 883, 885, 887, 889, 891, 893, 895</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">897</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">899</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">901</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">903</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">905</span></p>:
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<p>043 House X G 55 (2) A.H.</p>
<p>Inhumation grave connected with second period at time when street was blocked and rooms incorporated into it. cf Sketch Plan</p>
<p>Body N x S. Head N with it</p>
<p>? (1) <strong>Bowl</strong> l drab clay Rim 013 Ht 006 Base 0055 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: CCXXVI Larsa] Contained Date Stones</p>
<p>Plain l drab clay <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCLXXVIII (undocumented)</span></p>
<p>(2) l. Drab vase type <strong>XVI</strong> = RC73 Ht 023</p>:
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<p>1 B Baker Sq House XVIII G 182 House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">D</span> AH</p>
<p>(3) Light Drab Baked Clay vase Rim 010 Ht 0235 Base 006 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: Larsa ICLXXXVIII] [note: C in above label is written backwards]</p>
<p>(4) Whetstone convex on one side flat on the other [drawing (artifact: stone tool)] L 0125</p>
<p>(5) Remains of a brown burnished bowl with a lug handle</p>
<p>(6) vase of L. drab baked clay same as G.181. Ht 043 ICLXXXVI [C written backwards]</p>:
|
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<p>1 Baker's Sq. HOUSE XVIII G. 198 (2) AH Room 2.</p>
<p>Inside the pot</p>
<p>(1) Vase of l drab baked clay ht.024</p>
<p>(2) Rim 0135 Ht 005 Base 006 Bowl of yellowish drab baked clay Distorted [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled ?3rd Dyn or Larsa] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">106 CCV</span> 654</p>
<p>(3) greenish Drab Baked Clay Rim 009 Ht 026 [drawing (artifact: pot)] ICXCI [first C is backwards] Larsa</p>:
|
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<p>1 Baker's Sq. HOUSE XVIII G. 198 (3) A.H. Room 2.</p>
<p>(4) Bowl of whitish drab baked clay Rim 013 Ht 008 Base 006 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: L] <trike>?</strike>CCXCI Larsa contained date stones <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">IX - RC4b</span></p>
<p>(5) Rim 007 Ht 0155 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: Larsa 701] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CVI variant</span></p>:
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<p>1 Baker's Square (NB) changed from G.170-toG198. G.198 House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">(10)</span> XVIII Room 2</p>
<p>Bell Jar Burial - Large pot of light drab baked clay lying in rubbish 020 above lowest b.b. pavement level II</p>
<p>?3rd Dyn or Larsa cf. G126</p>
<p>Pot was broken approx dimensions Rim 080 Ht 060 Type approx thus: [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 684] with bitumen decoration</p>
<p>draw cf.ccc.a (late Larsa)</p>
<p>Inside it a skull and a number of pots</p>
<p><strong>Add</strong></p>:
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<p>1) PG 580</p><p>
- W. side o- big grave shaft was found &
followed to - NW angle, then - N side (really
NW) also to - angle</p><p>
Against - N side, towards - E angle, <strike>at level</strike> between
levels 120-170 above - floor o- grave, in -
filling, tr were found a large number o frs
o shell inlay, some w animal scenes, some
w rosettes, many w 5 dots, & w these a
quantity o border material : they lay loose,
apart from each other, in - soil at different
levels within - 120-170 stratum.
With these were a few beads & 3 long gold
spacers for wide bracelets: also an elaborately
worked group of 4 beads, gold.
In - E corner, at about 070 above - floor
o- grave, tr were found, in a single thin
stratum, quantities o beads, gold lapis &
carnelian. At first tr were almost wholly
<strike>[?]</strike> lapis & gold double conoids, pretty big ones:
</p>:
|
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<p>11 Paternoster Row Room 12 G. 158 (Gravesend House) AH</p>
<p>By the rabbit hutch burial a baked clay vase Rim 008 Ht 010 Base 0055</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] Larsa CCVIII</p>
<p>(2) Bowl Rim 017 Ht 005 Base 005 [drawing (artifact: pot)] XLIII =RC23</p>
<p>(3) R 012 Ht 0035 Base 0045 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 694 Larsa] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCLXXVII or RC 26?</span> carinated l. drab clay</p>
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<p>11, 13, 15 Paternoster Row G 6 p1 AH</p>
<p>Circular pit burial against NW wall of chapel of Khan. Pot fragmentary. Depth below pavement - level : 0.70</p>
<p>Bones disturbed and mostly missing.</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p>(1) Very unsymemetrical yelow-buff clay pot, vari- ant of TYPE XVI, thus: [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled 1/5 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">RC 73 Larsa</span> = L70]</p>
<p>(2) Second ex. of above, but less irregular Ht : 0.24 rim : 0.11 base : 0.065</p>
<p>(3) Yellow-buff clay pot Ht 0.27 rim 0.09 base 0.05</p>
<p>see sketch p 2</p>:
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<p>11, 13, 15 Paternoster Row, S of The Khan AH G. 341</p>
<p>(2) Rim 009 Ht. 028 [Drawing (artifact: pot)] Yellowish drab baked clay ICCVII [first C written backwards] =1L41C</p>
<p>(3) yellowish drab Baked Clay Type XVI RC73 =1L69a Ht. 0.215</p>
<p>?insert in text or in a grave</p>
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<p>11,13, 15 Paternoster Row G 18 p1 AH</p>
<p>Corbel-vaulted brick tomb below floor of chapel of Khan.</p>
<p>Interior Length of vault 2.40 Wd " " 1.05 Exterior Ht. " " 1.70 depth of top below pavement-level 0.45 brick measurements. 0.20 x 0.28 x 0.07</p>
<p>Ring arched doorway at NE end, roughly blocked and upper part of blocking later removed.</p>
<p><strong>Outside tomb</strong></p>
<p>(1) Yellow-buff clay pot, TYPE XVI Ht: 0.24 = RC 73 rim: 0.11 Base:0.06</p>
<p>(2) Yellow-buff clay pot, TYPE CVII Ht 0.260 rim 0.085 = RC55</p>
<p>(3) Large yellow-buff clay pot, <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">thus:</span> Ht. 0.48 rim 0.13 See sketch p2</p>:
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<p>119 (2) KP
</p><p>Part of inscribed foundation cone found on NW side of central
courtyard [?with?] drain in long narrow room containing 2 [?]
</p><p>̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲<br />
Group of 5 pots Neo Bab, M. (8) level (1) Miniature md 008 (2) Neo Bab common type (3) (2) md 014 (4) md 011 bowl (5) 1 large Red bowl 01[rest not on scan]
</p><p>̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲<br />
Inscribed brick thumb [?] [?] of seal impression
[?] of glazed pot below (MB) [drawing (artifact)] coffer nail
</p><p>̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲<br />
Black stone female head from M/8 D.6 Close W
Pillar
</p>
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<p>132</p>
<p>UE.VII. typescript p.335</p>:
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<p>1332</p>
<p>(1)</p>
<p>Group. <strong>U.15,406</strong>. <strong>1-5</strong></p>
<p>(1) Body extended on left side 3 strings of lapis double conoids at neck</p>
<p>(2) flexed & a left side but nearly extended. 3 strings lapis & silver d. c silver pin. silver ear ring cockle shells . [?steatite?] ear ring</p>
<p>(3) 2 strings lapis & silver lentoids</p>
<p>(4) single pair of silver ear rings</p>
<p>(5) 2 strings lapis beads. 1 silver ear ring</p>
<p>(6) 3 strings lapis & silver double conoids silver pin silver ear rings</p>
<p>(7) nothing</p>
<p>(8) Lapis & silver double conoids</p>
<p>(9) 2 string lapis d. c.</p>:
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<p>133</p>
<p>AH</p>
<p>House <strong>Notes</strong></p>:
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<p>14 AH 4 Paternoster Row D.M.H</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: later than Larsa] Rim 043 Ht 075 Room 6 no 4 Paternster Row</p>
<p>Pot burial light greenish drab clay in b.b. chamber opening onto the decorated altar of dead mans house - against SW room wall on mud floor. Bones only</p>:
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<p>144
</p><p>Vol IV
</p><p>E-nun-mah
</p><p>TTB and TN/G1,2
</p>
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<p>161 prob LG/42</p>:
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<p>17 11 TTB
</p><p>In the SW corner were 2 broken clay pots
on the stone-fr. level [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel] thus
With the stone frs, in the
same level, was found
a small + shapeless
fr. of bronze with iron
running through it.
(SE end of room)
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>17 11 TTB
</p><p>With the broken stone vases were found a
few sea shells, quantities of large flint nodules,
a piece of a stone seat - pebble rubbing -
stones, + lower grind stones (all broken) of
sandstone conglomerate + loose-grained
dolerite (?) : the last were all of the flat
type, roughly square or oval or simply unshaped.
</p><p>Against the doorway was found <u>in situ</u> a basalt hinge socket of URENGUR [= Ur-Namma] (U. 423)
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>171</p>
<p>AANIPADDA 3100 BC</p>
<p>SARGON 2700 BC</p>
<p>UR NAMMU 2300 BC.</p>:
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<p>1B Baker's Sq. G 182 House. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">D</span> XVIII A.H.</p>
<p>Dead man's court</p>
<p>Pot burial badly broken surrounded by a casing of. b.b. v. rough</p>
<p>With the body</p>
<p>(1) [drawing (artifact: weapon)] Copper Dagger L020 Tang 0035 ?RCtype 81</p>
<p>(2) Baked Clay Vase Miniature L.Drab Ht 012 Rim 0035 Base 0033 [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot)] ICCXII [first C is written backwards] ?Larsa</p>
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<p>1m below the surface of TTF near the junction of TTF and TTD a bitumen bellum with clay pots around it and inside it <br />
[sketch of pots in bellum]
</p>:
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<p>1[encirled] TTB ES
</p><p>Pavement runs along outside of wall; of broken +
odd cut early bricks, many with the double fingermark
forming a pathway 1.60 wide from the wall face.
This is in connection with a wall of green bricks
the face of which can only be judged from the edge of the
pavement : this wall stands at present 080 high +
is of reddish clay.
On this is built a wall of dark grey mud bricks
rising to 1.50 above pavement level from the 2nd buttress
to the broken N. end : it lines up with the green
brick wall, at least approximately + has no [?salients?]
but runs str. along this front line of this latter
buttress. The burnt brick + bitumen drain is cut down
into, or built into , the mud brick, + stepped down in
front to get better footing : there can be no doubt that
it was part of a wall otherwise built in mud
brick, perhaps that of which we have the remains,
perhaps of one now not traceable. Anyhow the burnt
brick walls are built up against it.
In the 2nd buttress from the N, the bottom course of
burnt brick for part of its length may be older than
the upper part : at - N end of - buttress there are 3 bricks
much thinner than those of - rest o - course (see photo [empty space])
To this may correspond the lower courses in the middle
of the 3rd buttress which rest on dark grey mud brick +
are differently aligned from + project beyond the rest of the
buttress, lie deeper + shew signs of a break in bond
(see photo [blank space]) : this, though built without bitumen [continues on page 142: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://urcrowdsource.org/omeka/items/show/4880">http://urcrowdsource.org/omeka/items/show/4880</a>]
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
:
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<p>2 1237
</p><p><b>No 22</b> (new 61)
</p><p>5) necklace of fluted ball beads lapis, gold
& carnelian rings : gradated : order of larger
beads, carn & 3 gold alternating, carn. lapis
(perhaps six, or more?) carn gold etc. : of -
smaller beads, gold carn. lapis carn. gold
carn lapis.
</p><p>6) necklace of carn. & gold conoids apparently w
carn rings between
</p><p>7) carn rings, gold balls & lapis conoids, possibly
going together
</p><p>8) necklace of gold & lapis triangles
</p><p>9) Bracelet o v. large lapis & gold bugles w carn
rings at - ends : - bugles side by side in
pairs ? 14 in a row
</p>
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<p>2 clay vessels found together DP [1 in circle] Type [?] ht 018 [2 in circle] Type ht [?number?] of [?one?] found yesterday. [drawing (artifact: pot)] [drawing (artifact: pot)] 0135 0055 0055</p>:
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<p>2 [in a circle] Room A6 KPS
of a plain band pierced along the edge for sewing 0028 wde & about 006 long : a circular pendant thus [drawing of pendant 1/1], convex, with bands of hatched ornament: a silver pendant inlaid with lapis thus [drawing of pendant 1/1], with the original string still adhering to its top and one silver pendant cf. thus [drawing of pendant 1/1] RC U.9656pp.134 & the remains of 3 pendants of gold leaf over a core thus, [drawing of pendants 1/1] & seven small gold ball beads. Close to these was an inlay eye for a large piece of sculpture.
Vol IV
</p>
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<p>2) PG 580
</p><p>then came smaller but similar beads &
later some leaf pendants = <strike>[?Was?]</strike> with these
began very small beads in all materials =
a group o fine carnelians came pretty well
together, w a lot more gold.
2 v. large gold beads came almost together :
a number o double conoids o twisted gold
wire also came together : but 2 v. long
gold bugles were well separated.
- Beads must h been thrown in to -
filling, & - strings were broken so t- no
order was preserved.
W - beads came a copper handle (?)
diam 007 [drawing (artifact: tool)] and a copper leg from
a piece of furniture, in
- shape a bull's leg.
Large numbers o other small carn lentoids came w
a smaller propotion o small gold bugles : these clearly
formed one string. W them, carnelian w bleached
patterns.
</p>
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<p>2) PG 622
</p><p> In right ear tr were 3 ear ring =
</p><p>2) silver wire spiral, 2 coils U.9532
</p><p>3) gold crescent spiral U.9531
</p><p>4) silver crescent spiral = U.9533</p><p> it looked as if the gold earring only was [?] attached to the ear lobe, the others being on loops of hair = but they came very close to the lobe of the ear.
</p><p>5) near the rt shoulder a copper axe blade l. 017, greatest width 004 plain [?] shape U 9536. [drawing (artifact:tool)]
</p><p>6) In part of the face, a copper pin w plain tang head l. 018 U.9535
</p><p>7) by the hands a copper bowl hemispherical, crushed, diam 0115
</p><p>8) above the feet, not connected w body but w - upper wrapping o matting, a copper hook [drawing (artifact:tool)] ht 0042 [?] U.9534</p>
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<p>2) Pg 777
</p><p>seemed to continue to expand
on - SW side, so it [?] new - shaft had
not been carried down below stone level =
apparently - upper part had been cut back
and then a shaft left here along part
o - side. Why - stonework projected we
could not determine from - upper surface.
On - dotted line th was a change in -
site o - shaft : the shaded part was firm &
fairly clean clay, the unshaded showed the
sloped strata o - SW face, & th was a sharp
line o division between them continuing below
- floor level o - shaft & visible for more than
200 above it. - stonework o - grave had been
built against - soft [?] & [?] o - unshaded
part & both - east o - wall & - projected had
been built up apart o - hard stuff, so that
both antedated - building. T - division was
artificial was certain : the meaning of it not
sure, but it looked as if a cutting w [?]
sides made in - soft stratified side had been
filled in w stiff clay before - grave 777 was
constructed.
</p>:
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<p>2. U
</p><p>NE face
</p><p>N. [?side of?] staircase.
</p><p>Under the foremost projection of the Nabonidus
platform wall was a large 3-handled pot
036 highlight greenish drab clay
013 mouth, thus
[drawing (artifact: pot)]
It lay on its side & was quite
empty but a stain halfway up
showed that it had contained
liquid It was right
under the masonry &
must have been in
foundation deposit. The
wall here had no proper
foundation but rested on
quite soft loose rubbish.
</p>
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<p>21 [encircled] TTB 29
</p><p>Against the NE wall, a doorsocket of
KURIGALZU [= U 900] more or less in positioin
against the W jamb of the door
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>22[encircled] TTB 31
</p><p>In the hinge box against the NW wall, W
jamb of door, inside socket of GIMILSIN [= Shu-Sin, U 838]
Low down in the midth of the room
was a broken mud brick of KUDURMABUG
In the same room, a very large stone
duckweight, inscribed, v
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>:
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<p>234</p>
<p>Near G 31.</p>
<p>2m. NW of point at wh. wall begins to run out to road about 040 SW of it</p>:
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<p>29
</p><p>[sketch (section: arch)]
</p>
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<p>2[encircled, indicating second page] TTB ES
</p><p>[continuation of page 152: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://urcrowdsource.org/omeka/items/show/4891">http://urcrowdsource.org/omeka/items/show/4891</a>] might otherwise be a second drain-foundation.
The wall above this is by BURSIN [= Amar-Sin], as shewn by a
brick with his stamp in situ in the N side of the 2nd
buttress in the upper most course of his building.
Above this the wall changes, the face being either
slightly set back or slightly projecting : no stamped
bricks were detected in situ but against it + fallen
from it were very many of KUDURMABUG, + there is
no question that this part is his work. The lowest
burnt brick [three dots = therefore] ought to be URENGUR [= Ur-Namma]. of the
green brick nothing can be said.
In the 3rd buttress then was a possibility of a
building intermediate between BURSIN + the
crooked wall - a projecting single course of
rather different looking masonry : but this
might be foundation or just bad work.<br />
[struck through until here]<br />
Contemporary with the KUDURMABUG wall, judging
from - depth o its founds, was a burnt brick wall
which ran out at rt. angles [symbol representing the word angels] bet. - drain + - 2nd
buttress + joined there w a mud brick wall running
SW wch was traced for some distance : the 1st wall
did not come right up to the buttressed wall but left
a passage between. The purpose o this is not clear.
</p>
:
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<p>2[encircled] TTB
</p><p>E Corner, buttress wall
</p><p>at the S end of the NE wall : most of
the bottom course of mud brick especially all
that in the SE wall, was in good order
as laid: a hole had been made down
through the older burnt brick it had only
been a comparatively small hole + it
had been pretty carefully filled up
afterwards.
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>3 Straight Street (2) <strong>G 45</strong> Probably to be connected with period IV. Top was 1.6 m below level of pavement III</p>
<p>Pot type associated was early & ribbing of top of larnax seems on this site to belong to graves of the earliest period</p>:
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<p>3) PG 580
</p><p>[drawing (plan of grave, partial) labeled]
<41
<312 have bits of shell inlay & 4fold gold bead
beads here at lowest level
beads here at higher level flush with top of broken pan
A <333
D<241
</p><p>In - corner was a large pot of red clay,
- top all gone : in it was the plain gold
ear-ring & - mass o gold lapis & carnelian
beads came in this level , apparently just under
a layer o matting which here shewed as a black
line o ash. - second lot o beads was found in a
group about 040 lower down - at (1) was a copper
'quiver end' in a level intermediate between - 2
lots o beads : further along - side o - floor , tr was
</p>:
|
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<p>3) PG 622
</p><p>[drawing (plan:grave) labled 9 - 16]
</p><p>9) [drawing (artifact: pot)] CCCCVIX ht 0145 rim 010 [?] dra clay
</p><p>10) similar, broken</p><p>11) [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCXXI type, much broken
</p><p>12) [drawing (artifact:pot) XIV</p><p> 13, 14, 15,) four example in drab or pinkish ware, ht [?] 040 rim 012.
</p>
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<p>3) PG 721
</p><p>12, 13) Copper punt-poles. U.9956
</p>:
|
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|
<p>3) Pg 777
</p><p>Cutting down alongside - pavement (originally
this was done to clear the grave w - [?])
we found (see photo) that it was
regularly built against - sloping side o - shaft.
- slope o wch was 012 in 150 = the walling was
about 130 high, made w smaller stones
below & larger above, <strike>none</strike>more maybe lumps
o bitumen, running up to 060 or so in size
and perhaps 025 thick.
</p><p>Digging down past - top we found first a
fairly level "pavement", sunk in places, o greenish
clay (photo) : below this came stone,
- whole area being covered w rough stone blocks
set in a very tenacious clay w much mixture
o ferruginous clay & some [?kiln?]. In one place
on remaining - clay between - stones we found
- hollow below extending for some200 sq &
in this cd be distinguished remains o 2 bits
o wood, one a pole not more than 007 in diam, & 2 clay <strike>pot</strike> cups.
</p>:
|
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|
<p>30/A -NE wall o- house (top level) BC was composed o 2 elements, an upper wall o wch 8 courses o burnt brick remained & below this 6 courses projecting slightly to - inside : this may be an elaborate footing but looks more like an older wall along - top o wch - newer wall was built : tr is a similar possibility in - SE wall o- house. This wd acct for - presence o some copper at a so much lower level</p>
<p>AA - CC 40 - 43</p>:
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<p>4
Late pavement NW of House I. AH
</p><p>Depth 2 courses.
</p><p>composed of fragments of brick, with a
true face <strike> of whole bricks</strike> on SW side.
</p>
<pre>length of true face 0.82, at W. corner,
</pre>
<p>footings of wall are visible, running NW
</p><p>average thickness of bricks 0.06
</p>
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<p>4 Straight St G 46 House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">2</span> 1 AH Room (2)</p>
<p>Same level as G 45 ll [meaning parallel] with it and 2m SW. of it a larnax burial</p>
<p>Section of room thus [drawing (section: building) labeled with measurements and words below]</p>
<p>B.B. Later Wall Pavement II Pavement III M.B founds earliest wall pavement IV? Very mixed MB Founds</p>
<p>M.B.s. 0235 - 024 x 0155 - 016 x 008</p>
<p>Some of the coruses had reed matting as a through bond</p>:
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<p>4 Straight Street House 1 [1 is written over 2] 1 AH G 45 Room (2)</p>
<p>Ribbed larnax belonging to the Early level</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: larnax)]</p>
<p>oval type with ribbed top. 4 ribs over each end and 4 ribs over each side in the middle. L. 1.2m</p>
<p>outside a vase of L drab clay rim 0095. Ht 0155. Base 008</p>
<p>L. Drab clay [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: ICLXXXV Larsa] TYPE Early Larsa ?</p>:
|
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<p>4) PG 580
a row o 6 more 'quiver-ends' , lying slightly
higher than - last and just under matting.
-Frags o inlay & - 4fold gold bead & gold spacers
were all higher up by about 030-090 :-
quiver ends lay about 050 from shaft side
Clearly these <strike>objects</strike> quiver ends, which lay a little bit higher
than - gold dagger had done, belonged to - same
stratum : but all - quiver ends found last year
sloped up a bit from - dagger to - shaft side :
i.e. - ground where these things were put in
was not very level. Even - 6 quiver ends here
in a row are not on - same level, one being
015 below - others & slightly further out
from - shaft side.
- 2 copper bull's feet were found a long
way apart & at different levels.
- big gold & silver earring came from -
upper bead level.
In - lower bead level - copper pan like a frying
pan, handle broken off, diam 018x022 (oval)
depth 004 : also many frags of broken
copper vessels
</p>:
|
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|
<p>4) Pg 777</p><p>
- Stones lay curiously. Round - shape was a
temple - stone wall about 100 [?meter?] &, as has
been said, 130 high. at first we assumed t-
tr had been a roof of the chamber, [?covered?] in w
stones set in a red clay
On digging away - stones were found & they all
lay at an angle sloping away from -
walls, more at [?] on edge - [?] - middle
( where - [?pot?] hole was made) tr was only 1
[?cavern?] o stones; near - walls tr were 3 or 4.
</p><p>[drawing (schematic sketch) labeled NW wall]
</p>:
|
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<p>40</p>
<p>No. 5 Straight Street</p>
<p>(cf. U.16962 provenance,</p>
<p>not mentioned here)</p>:
|
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<p>55 CARNELIAN BEADS U7098 Arbitrarily re-strung</p>
<pre> 6871 Blue glazes
Min type
6807 type (illegible)
6889 type Er. off. box
6307 Min vase type
</pre>
<p>Pyt & number on spoon 6929</p>
<pre> Type 7018
</pre>:
|
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|
<p>68
</p><p>[sketch (plan: building, partial)]
</p>
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<p>71 [sketch (plan: grave)] [sketch (section: archway)]</p>:
|
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<p>73</p>
<p>DIORITE does not powder</p>
<p>STEATITE powders</p>
<p>HAEMATITE black: does not powder</p>:
|
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<p>75[degrees]-C
333[degrees]-A
PG 604
</p><p>On a level with the top of the H.T kisu wall a group of clay vases which formed part of a disturbed inhumation grave; body not found.
</p><p>(1) Vase of light drab baked clay Ht 009 rim 0095 [drawing (artifact: pot] CLXXXV in this pot human finger bones.
</p><p>(2) Greenish drab sprouted bowl of baked clay rim 011 Ht 0075 Base 002 [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCXVIII
</p><p>(3) Light drab baked clay Rim 0125 Ht. 010 [drawing (artifact:pot] CLXXXV
</p><p>(4) Miniature vase light drab baked clay hand made not wheel made rim 003 HT 0055 slightly mishapen. [drawing (artifact:pot)] CXLVII
</p>
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<p>8 AH.</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] 1/10 Ht. 085 Rim 036 Base 040</p>
<p>Inside v. broken glazed bowl</p>
<p>Large store jar, greenish drab baked clay immediately below surface of AH. Patched with bitumen and mud plaster in antiquity. Persian?</p>:
|
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<p>9 Church Lane G.101 House 5? A.H.</p>
<p>Barrel vaulted grave with stilted arch entrance. Burnt Bricks 0265 x 0175 x 0085</p>
<p>Dimensions of vault</p>
<p>1m Below floor level</p>
<p>(1) Outside blocked door a vase of yellowish drab clay Ht 046 - same as G98 (7) ICLXXXVII Prob Larsa</p>
<p>(2) In grave a vase of l drab clay type <strong>XVI</strong> RC 73 Ht 021</p>
<p>(3) Bronze Bowl Shallow Rim 0135 Ht 0038 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: draw] not RC U.16 379</p>
<p>(4) Beads round neck order: long carn bugle flattened carn d c. carn d.c. large, long carn. bugle, quartz ball / also carn ring, flattened d.c. quartz, carn ring, carn d c, carn ring, quartz lentoid carn. ball. U.16 368</p>:
|
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<p>9 Church Lane</p>
<p>G.101 A.H. [drawing (section: building, arched doorway) labeled with measurements] FRONT ELEVATION [drawing (plan: building) labeled with measurements] PLAN End of cul de sac street</p>:
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<p><b>B</b> Pg 777
</p><p>The furniture must h been for some [?condition?]
purpose in the wall
Below - floor o- grave are dry down through
[?standing?] [?] of [?] exactly like [?pot?]
slightly deeper than most within on the [?cut?]
side o- tomb shaft above - chamber s [?] [?]
have had not been disturbed by - complications o -
tomb cut a depth of 110 there was found a
few sharp [?] [?] & a few beads, carnelian
[?] chipped & not polished = at 140 was a
[?layering?] bead of polished haematite = This sloped
[?] must match the [?face?] [?] [?] high
prehistoric [?terraces?] in the earlier found level [?] they
antidote all the parts [?yet?] formed.
The s angle o- grave shaft <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> lay out [?pt?]
[angles] C <43, D <335, F <34 = [?] shaft
face drawn at <320
[?] confirms it - grave was robbed when we
cleared down to - fallen roof [?] was a [?] when 3
or 4 others [?were?] level w my earlier [?observation?] [?] to
on ? - ? w. cd tell down ? - ? +
part a [?] and down & along in 2 directions = this
was past about - middle o- tomb chamber. [?H?]
</p>:
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<p><b>BOX. 4</b> 42" x 7" x 11".
</p><p>4 skulls in 4 separate compartments
</p><p>COMPARTMENT A) <strike> From ISIN grave EM.</strike> from PG. 558<br />
B) 77E. 5m below surface<br />
C) from PG 396<br />
D) from ISIN Grave EM<br />
</p><p><b>BOX. <strike>6</strike></b> 22" x 18" x 13"<br />
2 skulls<br />
one from TTO?<br />
the other from TTE 3.5m below surface + animal bones, vegetable matter, grain, dates are from the Graves - for analyses<br />
</p><p>[upside down] +5082
</p>:
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<p><b>C</b> Pg 777
Looked as if - had been opened [?] after
by people aware of what - was [?within?] : they did not
bother about the surrounding corridors and a corner
but went for - middle o - grave & removed all
objects except - [?silver?] bead [?] & gold &
other beads [?] we found here [?twin?] ring just -
[?] fallen off - body as it was moved. Then -
[?] stone were put back to prevent - [?walls?]
from caving in & so [?] - [?face to?] -
tomb had been robbed.
</p><p>The (?) might h supported a solid
continuing for - (?)o-tool [?] [?]
h supported its whole weight [?] [?] - whole -
evidence is in favour of a vault or [?]
probably [?] after a century with who
and afterwards [?repaired?].-[?Fact?] to we were
mistaken at first about - SW wall & [?adjoining or aligning?]
to it (as extra [?])a man o [?]- who
walls [?] solid fallen not stone ( NB, objects
were found below this man +- [?plastered?] wall
face [?] behind it) bends to support the
[?] o - roof [?keeping?] domed [?] [?] [?]
</p>:
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<p><b>Pg 1237</b> X.1.
</p><p>In - S. & W corners o - pit fires had been
burnt before - bones were laid down.
</p><p>- Bodies had been laid in position after death,
starting w those along - SW wall : - heads o each
successive row lay over - legs o - row before
</p><p>After - bodies had been put in place a mass
o broken mud brick & clay was thrown over
them & apparently stamped down : it lay
immediately on - bodies & - pressure had been enough
for beads etc to be driven into - frs. o mud brick.
This hard mass was about 020 thick & on
- top o it came a rather less compact
filling wch still contained plenty o clay &
broken mud brick & some (but not many)
potsherds, wch gave to - filling a total ht o 090
above floor level. This seems to h formed -
floor across wch - waggons were driven to -
next chamber. Above this is much lighter
clean packing until one comes to - layer o
green clay & bricks wch spread over a large
part o - room at - ht o 2.30.
</p>
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<p><b>Pg</b>: the long trench behind Pg 1237
</p><p>in which was the hoard of archaic tablets
</p><p>Over - whole o - top o - pit, flush at- top o - walls, tr was a covering layer of clean clay & mud brick 020-030 thick (broken only, perhaps, at - NE end where were the 2 graves set in - upper part o - shaft)
</p><p>One round brick got out intact - more around <strike> 029 [undecipherable] </strike> 022 square (one way who certain 022: the other doubtful & first seemed 029 but this was supposedly down to - adhesion of part of another brick & the 022 measure was more probable)
</p>
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<p><b>POT-MARKS</b>
</p><p>TO. 169
</p><p>[drawing (sketch)]
</p>
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<p><b>Room 6</b> ES
</p><p>In - N. Corner tr was a hole in - pavement 080 x 035
x 060 deep, partly brick-lined + w brick bottom : in
this was found
</p><p>(1) a broken brick marked out as a game-board<br />
(2) a broken cone of Kudur-Mabug<br />
(3) a terracotta thus, ht 0095 [drawing (artifact: terracotta relief of woman holding child)] [= U 2802]<br />
(4) a number of inscribed clay
tablets & fragments<br />
(5) jar thus [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: < 010 > < 015 > ^ 018 Ë reddish clay cf P.128 vol IX]<br />
(6) clay goblets thus : frs. of 6 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: < 014 > ^ 0075 Ë < 007 >]<br />
(7) Three large ring-stands of drab & of greenish
clay<br />
(8) Saucer, roughly made, drab clay dial 012 ht 003
+ other frs.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p><b>TEMENOS WALL</b>
<b>NOTES USED</b>
</p>
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<p><b>TO 143</b>
</p><p>[drawing (sketch)]
</p>
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<p><ins> C.L.W. </ins>
</p><p>Houses on 5 city mounds - burnt brick. [?]
</p>:
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<p><span style="text-decoration:line-through;">AI</span> G 236 AH</p>
<p>Pot-burial adjacent to GG 234-5, but top a little above wall - footings diam of pot 0.55 thus: [drawing 1:20 (artifact: pot) labeled: K]</p>
<p>Outside pot:</p>
<p>(1) pot of TYPE XVI RC73, drab clay, broken</p>
<p>Contained adult bones</p>
<p>No <strong>objects</strong></p>
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<p><strike>Rectangular Room running NW by SE. NW wall is of mud brickbut ots pnly half its [?time force is?] showing [?of?] on the side which joins up with the NE wall. 2 meters [?] [?] the NW wall there is a projection <ins>040 width</ins> <ins>is</ins> also of mud brick approximately of unidentified [?width?] [?] mud brick would [?] the [?] size as the brick is the width from which is projects. The projection extends for 1 m and is then broken off</strike>
</p><p>Rectangular Room running NW by SE. NW wall is of mud brick apparently uniform in size. At SW end of this wall is a projection also of mud brick running out for 1 m. This projection is [<strike>number</strike>] 040 in thickness, and on <strike>its</strike> <ins>the</ins> opposite side from which it runs out of the mud wall referred to meets a broken <strike>face</strike> wall face with filling below, mud <strike>brick</strike> & burnt brick above. No traces remain of the join after NW and <strike>[?of?]</strike> SW wall. <strike>[?]</strike>The <strike>NW</strike> SW corner consists of the burnt brick of the adjoining room wall and the filling of the NW in question. The SW wall also of mud brick identified in size with that of the NW wall has <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> at a distance of 070 m away from its SW corner against the burnt brick of the adjoining larsa wall traces of mud brick probably the <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> <ins>inside</ins> of the <ins>NW</ins> end of the wall which has been at a later period given an extra burnt brick face <strike>extending</strike> 1 course in thickness. But only 3 of these burnt bricks 036x036 are showing now. The SW wall is about 9 m in length, broken at the SE end
</p>:
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<p><strike>[undecipherable]</strike>
</p><p>PG 758
</p><p>1[encircled]
</p><p>286° - D
</p><p>53° - C
</p><p>[drawing(plan: grave)]
</p>:
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<p><strong>170a</strong> <strong>G</strong> No. 4 STORE STREET A.H.</p>
<p>C. 1.3 m below pavement level a pot burial - lay in front of door of corbel-brick grave in the same room. Pot containing the body broken part missing - body lay in matting with it</p>
<p>(1) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 588] L. drab clay Ht 023</p>
<p>(2) Similar to (1) Ht 0225</p>
<p>(3) reddish drab clay Ht 010 Rim 0075 Base 0045 larsa [drawing (artifact: pot)] RC 226</p>:
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<p><strong>G.312</strong> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">NB90</span> (2) 79 Larsa 79 A.H.</p>
<p>(1) Ht 022 Rim 011 Base 006 Light Drab baked clay [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">716</span>] =Larsa 71 ICLXXXVIII [C written backwards]</p>
<p>(2) Similar to (1) Ht 023</p>
<p>(3) Similar to (2) ht 0215</p>
<p>(4) Ht 0295 Rim 012 Base 0075 Yellowish Drab clay TYPE [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 14 XIV] =RC76 =Larsa 125</p>
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<p><strong>Grave</strong> 71 [written over several other numbers] p1 AH</p>
<p>Vault broken in from top and bones disturbed RC55 IL.450 type 107 0.21 height large Larsa 0.49 " RC73 IL.69a type 16 0.21 "</p>
<p>small pots (sketch)</p>
<p>measurement of bricks : 0.27 x 8</p>
<p>cf photograph</p>:
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<p><strong>Grave</strong> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">67 53</span> 71 <strong>p 2</strong> AH</p>
<p>1 [drawing 1:10 (artifact: pot)] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">6</span> TYPE XVI RC 73 = IL69a</p>
<p>2 top smashed , same type as 1 ht .23 diameter of base .06</p>
<p>3 [drawing 1:10 (artifact: pot)] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">652</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">?draw</span> 676 not used perhaps a broken pot?</p>:
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<p><strong>Pg 1400</strong> At 290 from pt - 260 depth 690 <strong>U.12701</strong></p>
<p>mat-lined trough grave lying NW x SE head NW</p>
<p>[sketch(plan:grave) labeled]</p>
<p>1 ) Copper bowl diam circ. 010 a good deal crushed III</p>
<p>2 ) Copper pin, str, VB, w gold & lapis head</p>
<p>3 ) small lapis cylinder seal</p>
<p>4 ) silver bracelet, plain , to which apparently was attached - slender lapis cylinder seal wch lay against it</p>
<p>5 ) a v. small silver finger - ring.</p>
<p>6 ) Round - neck a necklace o 3 strings o small lapis beads in groups o gold lapis & carnelian = 3 or 4 o each in each group = [?] observed</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: beads)] blue gold carn.</p>:
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<p><strong>Sq</strong>. NN 40 CLW - Canal wall w its battered face was found here on â line o - 1st kisu part in sq. NN39 [?gr?] was traced down to 200, & a trench run from it [?upwards?] gave mud brick for about 3400, i.e. to â line o â back o â rampart as found in sq. LL39</p>
<p>Sq MM42 A short length o burnt brick facing tr a solid mass o mud brick [?o?] it stood 7 courses high bricks measuring 026-025x017x008-009: - face was battered. It faced a projection : where it broke away to - SE a mud brickwork projecting slightly beyond its line but w a broken face shewed t here â wall had again advanced. Here however tr was behind â mud brick not more brickwork but a room w a mud floor marked by ashes : this shews t here - floor levels on - top o- rampart were being slipped down to - SE â But as â back wall</p>:
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<p><strong>Sq</strong>. NN39 g. CLW To this wall a kisu was added in a later period. In part o- vertical brick drain comes a sloping channel - drain o burnt bricks in mud water (mixed bricks, 028x019, 026 x017) brick - paved, & parallel w this a wall (to â SE) o similarly mixed bricks: on â line o â frontage [?or?] grave tr were remains o a burnt brick face, then quite a good buttress & a second larger projection & then face 12 courses high o bricks 026-025x017x0075. At 270 frm â projection â wall face [?lined?] frm burnt to mud brick. In part o this agn tr was a second kisu built o mud bricks 033sqx010 keged into - rubbish apart - 1st kisu face by projecting slabs o limestone & by rectangular projecting kegs in wch burnt bricks also were employed. -Face o this was not traced. Judging frm scanty evidence â original canal wall ran down frm â face o- 1st kisu: but this is not certain.</p>:
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<p><strong>UNTYPED POTS</strong> See following grave-cards:</p>
<p><strong>N.T.</strong> G 30/3 G 30/23 G 30/27 G 30/30 G 30/35</p>
<p><strong>A.H.</strong> G 71 b. 2. G 72 G 229 G 161 G 107 G 185 G 188 G 234 G 228 G 287</p>
<p>G 73 (draw) G 92 (draw G 108 (draw) G 114 (draw) G 126A (draw) G 137 (draw) G 170 (draw) G 194 (draw) G 211 copper cup <strong>draw</strong> G 237 draw G 238 draw</p>:
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<p>?AH</p>
<p>1.9 m below the surface, about 070 below the level of a Kassite Kurigalzu? floor [drawing (artifact: pot)] a double pot burial the 2 pots on their sides mouth to mouth lay NW x SE. Head SE in one pot and legs in the second</p>
<p>SCALE 1/10 Greenish Drab clay. no objects cf P237</p>:
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<p>?Kassite G 114 p.1. AH</p>
<p>Barrel-vault below outer wall of House V</p>
<p>Length of vault 2.25 Ht " " 1.52</p>
<p>bricks 0.13 x 0.19 x 0.09</p>
<p>Further end appears to have been opened & re-blocked. Blocking of entrance un- disturbed.</p>
<p>1 skeleton flexed on r side, head NE</p>
<p>4 skeletons disordered</p>
<p>For contents see pp 2 & 3</p>:
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<p>?larsa G.310. A H</p>
<p>No 3 Paternoster Row, Larsa (?) inhumation lay NW x SE against SW room wall. Head NW directly under main b.b. floor level of eariler occupation of the house in pre-Kassite Behind head</p>
<p>(1) Bowl of yellowish drab baked clay Rim 0235 Ht 011 Base 0095</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: draw 706] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CLXVIII?</span> (10) clxviii is a late type ?cclxxiv variant or a new Larsa type.</p>
<p>(2) Yellowish Drab baked clay vase rim 010 Ht 0225 Base 008 Type [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 664] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCLXXII</span> ?Larsa</p>
<p>(3) A Large Shell L 018</p>
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<p>A.H. G 38</p>
<p>Ht of grave 1.3 Exterior w 1.7 L 2.4.</p>
<p>Reburial may account for finding of this type of pot associated with a comparatively late level</p>
<p>On top of grave and associated with it were pot types XLIX <strike=RC 72</strike] 129 = L</p>
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<p>A.H. G 41</p>
<p>This grave contained <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">a skeleton</span> bones only - a skull and fragments of a skeleton - pelvis and a few bones - probably a re-burial.</p>
<p>No objects</p>
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<p>Abu Shahrein</p>
<p>Houses, sq. brick 023 x 0115 x <strike:009</strike> 008-0082 030x018x009 028-029x014-015x008-009 034x016x008</p>
<p>These are older than - stone wall wch runs over - top o them.</p>
<p>In - middle o - stone wall rubble were bricks o BurSin : but probably all this rubble is merely fallen frm - wall : it looks at first like - orig core o - wall, but need not be. In t case it has not been built over - houses but has fallen into - top o them.</p>
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<p>AH G.49 House I Room (2)</p>
<p>Inhumation grave larsa</p>
<p>Body flexed on right side NE x SW. Head NE</p>
<p>grave was at same level as Gs 45 & 46</p>
<p>(1) A [?feet?] pot of rubbish drab clay rim 0105 Ht 0265 Base 009 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 675] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">XX?</span> This is much more like a variant of RC76</p>
<p>(2) A Plain clay [?saucer?] rim 012</p>:
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<p>AH p.4 G 326</p>
<p>(12) Flat limestone rubbing-stone, overall length: 0.30</p>
<p>(13) Large limestone ball, diam 0.18.</p>
<p>(14) Black diorite pounder, l 0.045 IN CHAMBER II</p>
<p>Bones piled against NE and NW walls, 5 skulls, as shown on plan.</p>
<p>(15) Against NE wall, among bones, rough reddish clay saucer, thus: Ht: 0.05 rim: 0.13 base: 0.06 [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot)] IX NOT TYPED <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">?draw</span> RC4b</p>
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<p>at least Early Larsa if not pre-Larsa. This is further borne out by the fact that [?close?] of the animal head above at the grave level was found a carrinated saucer common in the IIIrd dynasty and early Larsa finds. [drawing (artifact:pot) Label: RC26]. Two other types of plain flat saucers were found at slightly higher levels in the store room. Further in same low level on ovoid pot of the Larsa Period [drawing (artifact:pot) Label: 587</p>:
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<p>B TTB
</p><p>Room 18
</p><p>long : in the upper courses there is no
bitumen mortar. The 5th course up tends
to overhang again, the mortar gap is wider
between the courses, + the bricks mostly
measure 028-029 : there are some of
033-034, + many broken bricks, giving
a wholly different character to the wall
The bitumen may well in for a damp
course : but the part is not quite settled.
The 5th + 6th courses should belong to
the time of Nabonidus, or Persian : the
mere fact that they line up so well is
an argument in favour of the possibility
of the bottom + second courses not
being of the same date.
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>B TTB
</p><p>Room 23
</p><p>The stone is older than the wall CC
Clearly too the brick work casing is older than
the wall CC, as it goes right under it.
EE & FF are also anterior to CC. They look
like a pavement but are very roughly laid
& not at rt angles to the wall lines. There is
no brick pavement over the rest of the room
but at about their level there is a distinct
stratum line in the filling of the room; below
this is fairly clean brick clay, above much more mixed soil & ps. of broken brick
The floor(?) & the hingestone [three dots = therefore] do not connect
with CC which is the oldest burnt-brick wall
remaining here. As regards the mud brick
walls. No pavement connecting with these walls
has been found in any of the rooms 16– <strike>27</strike>
23, nor have these rooms got doors: the <strike>inference</strike>
inference is that their floor level was higher
& their founds went well below it, & that the
floor level was destroyed by the burnt-brick
builders who laid their (mud) floors at the
same level (or even lower ?)
But this <strike>apparent</strike> burnt-brick pole-casing
hardly suits the mudbrick construction of [continues on page 180]
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>BC
</p><p>In - Temenos wall, - NW
chamber excavated, amongst low lying
[?house?] ruins was a clay larnax, almost 060
below - [?level of -?] founds o TW outer wall but
[?] inside - chamber<br />
- Larnax lay NE x SW, - head NE = an
old person, - teeth sockets all gone
[transcription has to be finished]
</p>
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<p>C 7 KP
</p><p>Great Courtyard
</p><p>N. corner, low down : in - debris, brick of Libit-
Ishtar.
Also, a black stone mortar
017 high diam 013
U. 6651 [drawing (artifact: stone object)]
STONE TYPE
draw
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>:
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<p>C TTB
</p><p>Room 23
</p><p>of the walls: moreover the supposed floor
(which if not a floor proper is at least
brickwork intentionally laid, though hacked
about & disturbed by the CC builders) runs
right over the top of the mudbrick wall.
The stone & its casing [three dots = therefore] belong to a building
period intermediate between LL & CC
a period which at this point of the building
is not represented by any other remains
but which might be that of the lower burnt
brick walling of the NE platform wall
Immediately to the W of this remains of
an old doorway [?corner?] the door in the existing
burnt-brick wall: this has a brick
threshold, fallen to one side, against the
W jamb a flat brick 1 course below threshold
level with a round depression in it which
appears to be not a hinge-hole but a mere
socket for a door frame (it is too soft a
material for a hinge & shews no signs of
such wear), & against the other jamb is a regular pole-box & below in position a [continues on page 181]
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>Catalogue
</p><p>Missing Number 750[9?]
</p><p>7629 . 7696-7700.
</p><p>8051 Bucket type - 48041 Prov? c.seal.
</p><p>8042
Duplicate.
</p><p>7900
</p><p>gap <strike>7900 - 7908.</strike>
7913 gap
</p><p>[list left column]
</p><p>7936. Type? Stone vase<br />
7973. Type? Copper Bowl<br />
7982 two Copper Bowls<br />
7994 Copper bowl oval type?<br />
7996 Stone vase Type?<br />
7997 " " Type?<br />
8052. " " "<br />
8059. Type [?Capipe?]<br />
8082 Stone Bowl Type<br />
</p><p><br />
[list right column]
</p><p>7921 owl Frit Draw<br />
[?] Conical Cup<br />
7927 Crystal Seal mishapen?<br />
- 7999 [?raised it bones?]<br />
</p>:
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<p>Catalogue typed
up to here only
</p>:
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<p>CHAPEL AT SE END OF KHAN G 265 (2) A.H</p>
<p>(5) Rim 0185 Ht 003 base 008 Dish of yellowish drab baked clay [ Drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: Larsa] CCXL</p>
<p>saucer, (6) Ht 0055 Base 0055 Rim 0135 [Drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: RC 23] L Drab Baked Clay XLIII</p>
<p>(7) Rim 0155 Base 006 Ht [?] saucer [Drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: RC 3] reddish drab CXXI</p>
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<p>CHAPEL AT SE END OF KHAN G 265 (3) A.H</p>
<p>Ht of corbel vault was 1.5 m and the roof rested immediately beneath the b.b. floor of the chapel. In the middle of the grave immediately under the floor there was a ring drain, baked clay rings of normal type. As there was no evidence of early walling under b.b. walls of the chapel (none of the founds ran deep, the drain was probably earlier than the grave and the top rings would have been cut away by it, from a level</p>
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<p>CHAPEL AT SE END OF KHAN G 265 (4) A.H.</p>
<p>presumably similar to the <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">pavement level</span> existing b-b. pavement level</p>
<p>When the grave was plundered (from the roof) the grave was exposed + became filled with earth</p>
<p>G. 266. Same room before threshold of door in SW wall an infants burial</p>
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<p>Copper Dagger [?talisman?] <strong>Cylinder seal</strong> [undecipherable] W. Duplicate nrs 6268 <strong>78 twice [?gafs?]</strong> 65 06 6461. 3 times!! 6478. &78 U6517 Clay [?Rm?]?</p>:
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<p>D TTB
</p><p>Room 23
</p><p>hinge-stone of URENGUR [= Ur-Namma, U 422].
It is possible that the hinge stone, threshold
& frame-support belong to an earlier date
than the main wall. The threshold + a
bit of floor to the W of it <strike>[?]</strike> level up
with the broken floor level that runs
over the other door stone (see drawing)
+ in that case certainly do not belong to
the standing main wall, though this must
correspond to the lines of the earlier.
The fact that the founds of the NE & SW
walls are at a higher level than the threshold
makes this more certain. But in the
lowest course of the SE wall there is not
that use of bitumen mortar which one
expects with URENGUR [= Ur-Namma]
Safe to say: the eastern (uninscribed)
socket is earlier than the URENGUR socket
+ the masonry connected with it, + is later
than the mudbrick wall.
The URENGUR socket is probably earlier
than the existing brick walls. The impost [continues on page ??]
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>D-G 5-6 7[encircled] C 7 KP
</p><p>The great courtyard
</p><p>Towards - W corner where - paving was in bad
condition tr were remains o a lower pavement about
015 lower : one o - bricks bore - stamps o Enanatum
but this was broken brick re-used
- Bricks wch lie under - floor between - 2 big
vases (see sketch) might also be remains o this
earlier pavement.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Dates of tablets contained in pot from NH., Upper Level.</p>
<p><strong>Ruler</strong> <strong>Year of reign.</strong> (The numbers in brackets give the number of tablets bearing the same date.)</p>
<p>Nebuchadnezzar II : ?, 29, 43. Cyrus : 8. Cambyses : 2, 7. Xerxes I : 5 Artaxerxes I, II <strong>or</strong> III : ?(6), 4, 6(3), 7, 8(2), 9(2), 11(2), 14, 17, 18, 19. " I <strong>or</strong> II : 24, 26, 27(2), 35, 39, 40. " II : 42, 45(2) Darius I, II <strong>or</strong> III : ?(4), 3, 5 " I <strong>or</strong> II. : 13, 18 " I : 25 Alexander IV : 12</p>
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<p>DM</p>
<p>9 courses from founds. inside the N jamb of the gate in the SW wall an inscribed brick 031.032?x008â14 columns of inscription</p>:
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<p>E corner of outer wall TTB
</p><p>In the filling of the wall built by
Kudurmabug part were broken bricks of Bursin [= Amar-Sîn] + UrEngur [= Ur-Namma] : 2 frs. might be also
URENGUR but a different stamp: or might
be another king
</p><p>N corner of shrine
</p><p>Remaining bricks, top 2 layers were Nabonidus : below this was KudurMabug
the the bottom of the burnt brick 7 courses : in the
top layer of mud bricks were mud stamps
of Bur Sin. It is possible that there were 3
periods of mud brick : the top 2 courses were
of a different colour, rather red, than 5 courses
of greyer brick then 2 of blacker brick
not quite aligned + obviously of earlier date
below this hard brick earth, possibly but not
certainly green brick walling.<br />
Below, in mud brick, frs of the found deposit
box, ruined + only 1 course high, empty +
traces of verdigris in the soil.
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>E Nun Mah Sanctuary room 10 TTB
</p><p>In - outer SW chamber below - pavement tr was<br />
(1) a little broche ? o silver w a gold rim, broken<br />
(2) an Ur Engur cone, loose in soil<br />
(3) by - door to - entrance chamber an inscribed door socket<br />
of Marudk-nadin-ahi<br />
(4) a few tablets + frs.<br />
</p><p>[struck through]
</p><p>In -
</p>
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<p>Elevation on SW Mt
Pg 777
</p><p>[drawing (elevation)]
</p><p>[?][?] 9-
dark mixed soil [?& 9?]
light reddish soil with burnt
earth and ashes
</p><p>SE Wall
</p><p>[length] 180
</p><p>NW Wall
</p><p>Floor of tomb chamber
</p><p>mixed soil
</p><p>black ash
burnt - clay
black ash
burnt - clay
black ash
</p><p>mixed soil
yellow clay
mixed soil
pottery fragments
mixed soil
black ash
</p><p>[length] 180
</p>:
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<p>EM Late Cassite or Neo-Bab [drawing (artifact:pot) Label: CCLXXX]</p>
<p>Type. Found on top of middle of EM mud brick in filling of a late wall that had actually cut [?] part of the Late Kassite [?] wall in NE side of larger grave courtyard at SW of mound.</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact:pot) Label: RC 74 XIX]</p>
<p>Type. NE side of EM in same time as the 3 [?Lamax?] graves and at approximately the same level, but slightly above LARSA</p>
<p>EM G.8 [?Lamax?] --> (to drawing) [drawing (artifact:pot) Label: CCLXXXIV Larsa, XX] 5 type- 1 Type CVII=RC55 2 Carrinated CCLXXVII 8 saucers</p>
<p>About 1m above the now lying [?Lamax?] grave on NE side of N by S room wall of House II I found viz [drawing (artifact:pot) Label: CCLXXXIV] 2 Type-[?] ht. 0065 CCXXV</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact:pot) Label CCLXXXVI Larsa] md 002 bd 003 ht 0011</p>
<p>approximately at the same level as the foundation of the Larsa Wall at same level as a broken pot type <strong>CCXIV</strong> RC56 </p>
<p>[drawing (artifact:pot)]</p>:
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<p>EM About 2m above house floor level on SE <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> face </span> side of SE wall 1 house (2) found lying loose in soil & foundation cone of the Nammu.</p>:
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<p>EM Against burnt [?] Larsa wall E and EM below Larsa floor 2 pot graves lying against one another. [Drawing (Plan:location of 2 pot graves) Labeled CVII Ht 028 RC55] [Drawing (Artifact:Pot) Label: Within 1 [?], Vessel 013, RC21]</p>:
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<p>EM Inscribed bricks 032x031x006, & U x0155x006 In loose low soil adjoining [?Lamax?] graves, NE side EM & piece of inscribed diorite bust. NE side G.26 Little stone bowl from childs graves</p>:
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<p>EM [drawing (artifact:pot) Label: XVII RC73] [?md?] 021 [drawing (artifact:pot) Label: RC 21] [?md?] 0105 [?md?] 012</p>
<p>found together in connection with floor of most extreme NW room on N side of terrace of EM In filling of (late Kassite?) wall superimposed area SW wall of Gay Street, other wall above the top of the Larsa wall were found a number of types.</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact:pot) Label: Larsa] Ht 012 md 006 bot 0043Â ?608 and [?] with [?] types also 2 other of same type only without carinated rim =?588 some of type CXXIX ht 032 [drawing (artifact:pot) Label CXXIX Kassite] [drawing (artifact:pot) Label:Â ?] [drawing (artifact:pot) Label: md 0200 RC 18b]</p>:
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<p>EM. In a line with the [?laimax?] graves on the NE side of EM against a brick pedestal, one brick of measured 035x034x006 was found three pots, all at the house level. Type XX <Scratched> CCLXXXIV ht 022 & 016 also x new type ht 019 [drawing (artifact:pot) Label: Larsa] [drawing (artifact:pot) Label CCLXXXVII Larsa]</p>:
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<p>EM. Inside Room on NE Side of EM mound abutting in the courtyard with the 2 pot stands in position on the floor were found (1) a baked clay grotesque head of an animal, originally part of a vase. [drawing (artifact:drawing of animal head)] [drawing (artifact:granite weight)] (2) A granite weight ovoid in shape with seven horizontal incising viz: [?] was found against the mined wall of a corbelled brick grave, apparently inside it. (2) was found also against the same mined grave wall but on the other side of it and against the side of a second corbelled brick grave immediately adjoining Both were apparently at the same level, 1 was below the floor. The graves with which they are connected appear to have been cut away by the later house room walls. The 2 objects in question are :.</p>:
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<p>Field Notes</p>
<p>Mixed lot Need sorting</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:line-through;">include N.H.</span></p>
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<p>For depth from the white line passing to -
top o - stones see notes of 1926-7
In 1927-8 this whole area o - pit was excavated to
stone level. The area here was 700x650, but th
was in - N corner a projection (partly destroyed by
us in 1926-7) 220 x 250
</p><p>- shaft side was traced along 2 sides & was doubtful
on the SE <strike>SW</strike>
[drawing(plan)labeled: N E S W solid rubble <270]
on - NE we
had dug away
all - side o -
shaft.
The shaft was
[?structured?] w
<s exact to -
pts o - compass.
In - [?]
X on - SE
It was soft
rubbish filled
w potsherds
(all of one type) lying under - clay floor. The [?stratified?] [?]
</p>:
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<p>From source spot of [?] hoard</p>
<p>Posb Kurigalzu 1 Flat Base <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[?]</span> [?] L 014 [?b8?] 0835 Squat & [?Ballied?] Largish Neck [Drawing(artifact:pot)] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[undecipherable]</span> Flat base round base PK frag. Chiseled away. 1 Bit flat base above [?] [?] of Kurigalzu Sand Phase 1 Peg Shaped bd 0018</p>
<pre> hb0165
</pre>
<p>above Kfloor [?] to courtyard</p>
<p>Kurigalzu [?] 2. PK 0135 mid +0165 PK [?] [?Base?] [drawing(artifact)] Clay [?] [?Saas?] [?] PK. kp.</p>:
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<p>G
EM
</p><p>1-2m beneath the foundation of the SE wall of came a robbed inverted larnax grave, is the grave projected partly outside the face of the wall and part of it ran under the line of it in it was clearly earlier than the wall of the home. IE at least Pre-Kassite and the pottery associated with the grave found that it was of Larsa period. Grave lay roughly NWxSE and has been plundered. The floor under which it was found had been entirely cut away and a number of the bones belonging to the grave were found scattered in the soil outside it
</p>:
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<p>G 101a <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">(?)</span> (11,13,15 Paternost Row) AH The Khan</p>
<p>Inhumation beneath 2 large potsherds, by NW wall of chapel of Khan - abt 0.60 beneath pavement level.</p>
<p>Beneath sherds, a number of broken human bones - not enough to complete a skeleton - and no skull.</p>
<p>Outside sherds, reddish-clay pot, Type XVI = RC73 Ht 0.230 rim: 0.110 base: 0.055</p>
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<p>G 103 (1) AH</p>
<p>Corbel-vault, top 0.30 below footings of burnt-brick wall NW of House V</p>
<p>Vault with stilted arch; width of facade 1.55 height of arch 1.20. Door roughly blocked. Brick-measurements: 0.25 x 0.25 x 0.06</p>
<p><strong>Outside vault</strong></p>
<p>(1) pot of TYPE <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCXIV RC 56</span> ht 0.51 rim 0.16 586</p>
<p>Vault contained 3 reburials; bones stacked</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p>(2) Pot of TYPE XVI RC 73 ht 0.145 rim 0.10 base 0.06</p>
<p>(3, 4, 5, 6, 7) same as (2) but broken.</p>
<p>(8) badly-made miniature pot see sketch p. 2.</p>
<p>(9) round-bottomed pot see sketch p. w.</p>
<p>(10) Brick, 0.30 x 0.29 x 0.05, with hole (diam 0.045) in centre, as though for drain-cover (found loose, near door)</p>:
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<p>G 103 (2) AH</p>
<p><strong>no.8</strong> Ht 0.15 rim 0.055 (but misshapen) [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot)] =L43b small variant of type <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CVII</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">prob CLXXII var cf. AH. g98</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">?draw</span></p>
<p><strong>no.9</strong> Ht 0.20 rim 0.09 [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot)] TYPE CCCCLXXIV =RC95</p>:
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<p>G 106 House VII A.H</p>
<p>Corbel brick grave. Blocking bricks alternately on edge & stretchers. 2 courses stretchers at bottom.</p>
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<p>G 108 Larsa AH</p>
<p>Corbel-vault position & deminsions not noted</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p>(1) Pot of TYPE XVI =RC73 IL 69a Ht 0.22 rim 0.11</p>
<p>(2) " " " CVII =RC55 IL45a Ht 0.26 rim 0.08</p>
<p>(3) Pot thus: [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot) labeled: 710 = IL 96] Ht: 0.20 rim: 0.09 base: 0.08 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">LXXVIII?</span> NOT TYPED <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">cf. cccliii, ICCI, ICCXIX (none of which are RC or Larsa types) draw</span></p>:
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<p>G 110 AH</p>
<p>Larnax-burial below burnt-brick wall of period II in room of House XI</p>
<p>Larnax of oval type with raised bands, l 0.72 wd 0.41</p>
<p>Outside grave, broken wide-mouthed round pot</p>
<p>child's skeleton</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p>(1) shell ring</p>
<p>(2) copper bracelet.</p>:
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<p>G 120 AH</p>
<p>Circular-pot burial in chapel of Khan - against SE wall 0.45 below pavement- level.</p>
<p>Pot of type: [drawing (artifact: pot)] resting on l side, broken ?ICXL [C is written backwards] Ht. 0.50</p>
<p>Contained infant's bones, disturbed</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p>Yellow-buff clay saucer, thus: Ht: 0.05 rim: 0.15 base: 0.05 [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot)] CXCVI</p>
<p>cf. burial 87</p>:
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<p>G 121 p 1 AH</p>
<p>Brick vault</p>
<p>Ring-fault, with rings sloping sharply back, thus: [sketch (building: tomb)]</p>
<p>Length of vault 1.35 Orientated NE x SW interior height 0.87 width of base, 1.40 brick-measurements 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.06 (square) 0.22 x 0.13 x 0.06 (oblong)</p>
<p>Body flexed on r side, head NE, resting on brick.</p>
<p>OUTSIDE GRAVE</p>
<p>(1) Buff clay pot, TYPE CCXIV Ht 0.50 rim 0.15 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">RC56</span> 586</p>
<p><strong>INSIDE GRAVE</strong></p>
<p>(2) Behind body, buff clay pot TYPE XVI RC73 Ht: 025 rim: 0.12 base: 0.06</p>
<p>(3) " " " " " " " Ht: 0.24 rim 0.11 base 0.06</p>
<p>[(4)] " " buff clay saucer, very rough work, SEE p 2</p>:
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<p>G 121 p2 AH</p>
<p>thus: [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot)] 605 Ht 0.04 rim 0.12 base 0.05</p>
<p>(5) Behind body, <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">drab</span> buff clay saucer, same rough and shapeless type as (4) Ht: 0.044 rim: 0.110 base: 0.050</p>
<p>(6) At feet, buff clay saucer thus: [drawing 2:5 (artifact: pot)] Ht: 0.030 rim: 0.135 base: 0.045 291 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> XCVII Persian?</span></p>:
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<p>G 136 HOUSE XIII Room 6 AH</p>
<p>Circular ribbed larnax-inverted beneath pavement level II. Ht 1m rim 070 base 030 - small [?amount?] reeds had been bound round the pot between the ribs</p>
<p>Inside body apparently on left side in crouched position knees and arms drawn up tightly against breast. Skull in good condition - kept for examination.</p>
<p>No objects in grave.</p>
<p>Lay at NE end of long room at NW end of house 14.</p>:
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<p>G 137 HOUSE XIII Room 6 A.H</p>
<p>Also inside</p>
<p>(2) Rim 008 Ht 0255 L. Drab clay Baked [drawing (artifact: pot)] CLXXII ?Larsa cf.G.98</p>
<p>(3) Outside grave [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled 672] L. drab clay Ht 044 Rim 013 Larsa <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">ICLXXXVI</span></p>
<p>(4) Similar to (3) but had broader rim top of which missing. Outside door 662=L48</p>
<p>(5) Rim 014 Ht 006 Base 006 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: =L 10 b] Inside grave </strike>draw</strike> (cf.295</p>
<p>Some of bricks blocking door measured 0355 sq x 008</p>:
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<p>G 138 gothic grave Room A.H.</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: room) labeled GOTHIC GRAVE]</p>
<p>(not used in tab. anal. of graves or pot. anal.)</p>
<p>Room behind gothic grave contained 2 burials</p>
<p>(1) Ribbed inverted circular larnax Ht 070 rim 050 bones only within</p>
<p>(2) against <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">door jamb</span> broken wall also below level II a pot l. drab baked clay with infant bones. Rim 023 Ht 023 Base 012 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled 698 variant (not drawn) <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CLXVIIÂ ?draw cf CCXXVI</span>] prob larsa, cf. RC 33, 34</p>:
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<p>G 139 AH</p>
<p>Larnax burial in pit below footings of burnt-brick wall House V</p>
<p>Oval larnax with raised bands (bro- ken) orientated NW x SE</p>
<p>Body flexed on r side. knees projecting slightly beyond coffin. Head to NW.</p>
<p>No objects.</p>:
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<p>G 143 HOUSE XIII A H ROOM 6</p>
<p>[drawing (section: wall and grave) labeled: G.137 G.143] ?Larsa or 3rd Dyn.</p>
<p>Baked Clay ribbed larnax lying directly beneath Corbel vaulted, b.b. G.137. Outside the larnax were 2 baked clay vases q.v. Inside the larnax skeleton only. head NW.</p>:
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<p>G 144 RAIL HOUSE</p>
<p>Same room as G 143. 2 m to SE of it a childs larnax grave lying NW x SE. Head SE l 070. w.040 depth 030. 1 m below footings of NE wall (top of footings</p>
<p>Body on right side Traces of black hair (?) on the head</p>
<p>Outside the grave vase of pinkish drab clay Ht 023 IL.71 same as G.141 (2) ICLXXXVIII.Larsa [C written backwards]</p>
<p>NB Depth of grave probably belonged to earliest occupation of house.
Fragments of a silver diadem on head</p>
:
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<p>G 154 House D XVII A.H. Room 2.</p>
<p>Inside the grave against front of body by hands a large conche cut with a trough spout</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: shell lamp)] L 024</p>
<p>Contained inside it a number of miniature tools q.v.</p>
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<p>G 154 House D XVII A.H. Room 2.</p>
<p>Plain baked clay larnax had cut away G. 153 Body NExSW head SW. In the grave behind the body a bowl of light drab baked clay Rim 019 Ht 0105 Base 0075 Body on left side</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] ICCV [first C written backwards]</p>
<p>Larsa</p>
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<p>G 155 House D XVII Room 2 AH</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: building, partial) labeled with Grave locations: 153, 154, 155, 156]</p>
<p>Court of House 4 graves. all under floor level II. Larnax grave ribbed regular type Head SW body NExSW</p>
<p>Outside grave l drab baked clay vase [drawing (artifact: pot)] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">?Kassite cf CCCIA</strike Ht 0105, rim broken & missing. light slip in a reddish body clay </span></p>
<p>NB Rim Missing</p>
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<p>G 158 (Gravesend House) AH 11 Paternoster Row Room 12</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: coffin)] Apparently Larsa</p>
<p>On threshold of doorway in NE wall a baked clay burial of the rabbit hutch type contained the bodies of 4 infants and lay NW x SE - opening SE - about 020below the threshold of the doorway in the NE wall. Dimensions L 055 Ht 035 w.050 ribbed top. Mouth 018 x 015</p>
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<p>G 169Â ?Larsa AH</p>
<p>Larnax-burial, level with footings of lower wall in room next, pillar-chapel <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> on NW side of shop street.</span> House XV</p>
<p>Oval larnax with raised bands</p>
<p><strong>Outside larnax</strong>:</p>
<p>(1) pot of type XVI = RC 73</p>
<p>(2) " " " CCXIV = RC 56</p>
<p>(3) pot with pointed base, thus: [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot) labeled 607 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CVII RC55</span>] ht 0.30 rim 0.10 diam 0.14 variant of TYPE CVII</p>
<p>Larnax contained adult re-buri- al wrapped in matting. matting thus: [drawing 1:1 (perishable: matting pattern)]</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong> at wrist, 3 beads, pattern thus: 1 circular carnelian, 1 lentoid black-&-white paste, 1 lentoid lapis.</p>
<p>SEE PHOTOGRAPH</p>:
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<p>G 170 (1) AH</p>
<p>Corbel-vault, top immediately below & outside wall-footings of NW side of House I</p>
<p>length of vault 1.7 height " " 1.68 width " " 0.98 brick-measurements 0.24 x 0.15 x 0.08 orientation SE by NW</p>
<p>Contained disordered remains of 5 bodies; and pottery as follows:</p>
<p>1) Type XVI RC 73 greenish-drab clay ht. 0.23 rim 0.10</p>
<p>2) " " " " " ht 0.235 rim 0.11</p>
<p>3) " " " " " ht 0.24 rim 0.11</p>
<p>4) " " " " " ht 0.235 rim 0.11</p>
<p>5) " " " " " ht 0.235 rim 0.105</p>
<p>6) " " " " " ht 0.23 rim 0.10</p>
<p>7) " " " " " ht 0.22 rim 0.10</p>
<p>8) " " " " " ht 0.225 rim 0.105</p>
<p><strong>SEE p 2</strong></p>:
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<p>G 170 (4) AH</p>
<p>draw [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot)] type of <strong>copper</strong> saucer</p>:
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<p>G 170 p2 AH</p>
<p>9) Red clay pot, rim damaged, thus: Ht 0.30 rim 0.09 [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot) labeled 172] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">VARIANT OF TYPE CVII =RC 55 ?Kassite</span></p>
<p>10) Red clay pot, thus: Ht 0.24 rim 0.10 [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot) labeled 681] NOT TYPED <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CLXIII?</span> draw <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">?</span>Larsa </strike>or Kassite</strike></p>
<p>SEE p 3</p>:
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<p>G 176 AH</p>
<p>Larnax-burial in cemetary corner, 0.25 from surface</p>
<p>Larnax of oval type. l 1.08 wd 0.60 Orientated E and W</p>
<p>Body crouched on l side, head to E. Bones slightly disturbed,.</p>
<p>No objects (probably plundered)</p>
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<p>G 177 AH</p>
<p>Double-bowl burial immediately below pavement of 2-pillar chapel in "Pomp House."</p>
<p>Burial of type: [sketch (plan: grave) labeled:Â ?] l abt 0.50</p>
<p><strong>Outside grave</strong></p>
<p>Saucer, yellowish-buff clay, too fragmen -tary for measurement. Type thus: [sketch (artifact: pot)] RC4b TYPE IX</p>
<p><strong>Inside grave</strong></p>
<p>confused bones of very young children, (4 skulls)</p>
<p>1 cockleshell loose among bones.</p>
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<p>G 179 AH</p>
<p>Simple inhumation against wall of room in House IA, abt 0.50 from top.</p>
<p>Bones of child, crouched on l side, head NW, and covered with a potsherd</p>
<p>No objects.</p>
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<p>G 18 p.2 AH</p>
<p>[drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot)] 587 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCXIV =RC86</span> Larsa</p>
<p><strong>inside tomb</strong></p>
<p>Vault filled with earth almost to top. Bones piled at far end, including 4 skulls. with bones, fragments of buff clay saucer.</p>
<p>Tomb probably plundered.</p>:
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<p>G 181 House XVIII AH Room 4.</p>
<p>060 <strong>below floor level of Main period I</strong> an inhumation Skeleton on left side, flexed arms bent at elbow hands lying in front of mouth</p>
<p>In front of grave a vase of light Drab baked clay. Rim 016. Ht 045</p>
<p>[drawing 1:10 (artifact: pot)] ICLXXXVI [C written backwards] Larsa</p>
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<p>G 182 A p2. AH</p>
<p>Diam 0.110 Ht 0.057</p>
<p>draw stone [drawing 2:5 (artifact: stone vessel)]</p>
<p>Light-grey basic diorite (?), rather irregular work, with band of con- centric circles. bordered by lines, below rim. Three cuts in rim, just above lip.</p>
<p>U 16:723</p>
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<p>G 191 House XVII AH Room <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">9</span> new 5</p>
<p>Larnax grave below floor level II. NE x SW. Head SW. Dimensions of grave L 1.14, w. 050 in centre depth 035</p>
<p>Body of child about 12 years old ? lay on right side, flexed. Body was covered by a fine linen garment and a woollen (?) covering- on it was found a small and thin strip of silver</p>
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<p>G 191 House XVII Room 9 AH</p>
<p>Outside the grave</p>
<p>(1) saucer. yellowish drab clay. Rim 016. Base 0065 Ht 0045 [Drawing (artifact: pot)] XLIII=RC23</p>
<p>(2) Light Drab Baked Clay Pot ICLXXXVIII Ht 023 same as G.190.(6)</p>
<p>Outside the grave 10 knuckle bones - of a sheep</p>
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<p>G 192 house XVI A.H.</p>
<p>pot Burial level II below floor in front of blocked doorway outside W. angle of house I</p>
<p>Pot smashed contained skull only <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">Feet in</span> Rest of body in G 193 and 1 vase of reddish drab baked clay. Rim 010 Ht 019. Base 008 Larsa [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 700] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCXI = RC185</span> G.192 & 193 were laid in a low mud brick vault . m.b. mostly destroyed - probably domed 7.0.</p>
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<p>G 194 HOUSE XIX A.H.</p>
<p>(4) Light Drab Baked Clay Ht 024 Rim 011 Base 006 [drawing (artifact: pot)] Larsa ICLXXXVIII [C written backwards]</p>
<p>(5) similar to (4) Ht 0225</p>
<p>(6) " " (5) Ht 022</p>
<p>(7) Light Drab Baked Clay Rim 010 Ht 0255 Base 006 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: ICCVIII [first C written backwards]]</p>
<p>(8) Similar to (6) Ht 023</p>
<p>(9) Plate. White Drab Baked Clay Rim 025 Base 013 Ht 0043 [drawing (artifact: pot) <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">XCVII?</span> 661 variant Larsa ICLXXXVIII variant</p>
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<p>G 194 HOUSE XIX A.H.</p>
<p>In filling outside the blocked door of the grave a cylinder U.16.801. seal of lapis lazuli inscribed L0025 d.001 . Presentation scene, two standing figs before an enthroned god. Crescent Moon.</p>
<p>In the grave 2 skeletons and</p>
<p>(1) <strong>Copper</strong> tumbler Ht 0075 Rim 0095 Base 0095 [drawing (artifact: metal vessel) labeled: draw]</p>
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<p>G 201 House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">E</span> XIX A.H.</p>
<p>Inside the pot a saucer of L. drab baked clay Rim 015. Ht 0045 Base 0045 [drawing (artifact: pot)] CXCVI ?Larsa</p>:
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<p>G 211 (5) A.H House XVIII (10) Rim 0175 Ht 0425 Light Drab Baked Clay [Drawing (Artifact: pot)] Larsa ICLXXXVII [C is written backwards]</p>
<p>(11) Yellowish Drab Clay Type <strong>XIX</strong> = RC174 Ht 0365</p>
<p>(12) Rim 010 Ht 022 Vase of reddish clay with a red haematite wash [drawing (artifact: pot)] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCCCLXV</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCCCXLII</span> CCXC Variant Larsa</p>
<p>(13) A number of minute shell ring beads U 16 775</p>:
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<p>G 211 (6) A.H. House XVIII</p>
<p>In the grave</p>
<p>U.16.777 (13) In no order 8 shell rings diams. 0025</p>
<p>U.16. 776 (14) Round foot a copper bangle circular d. 011 thickness of metal 0007</p>
<p>U.16.778 (15) <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">A Pair of</span> 3 finger(?) rings d 0018</p>
<p>U.16.774 (16) In the earth by the feet a number of beads, carnelian balls, agate & lapis lazuli barrels</p>
<p>U. 16. 771 (17) A copper tumbler Rim 008 Ht 008 Base 003 Distorted</p>
<p>[Drawing (Artifact: pot) labeled: <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCXLIX</span> not RC]</p>:
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<p>G 234 Not numbered AH</p>
<p>Larnax-burial immediately below foot- ings of room opening off Narrow Lane (SW end, NW side)</p>
<p>Oval larnax, <strong>Larsa</strong> type, with raised bands. L.1.04 wd.0.42 orientated NW by SE</p>
<p><strong>Outside larnax</strong></p>
<p>(1) pot, light drab clay, TYPE XVI =RC73 =IL69.a Ht: 0.22 rim: 0.10 base: 0.057</p>
<p>Contained reburial of 2 bodies, bones in no order & skulls toward cetre of coffin</p>
<p><strong>contents</strong></p>
<p>(2) Unpierced cylinder-seal of greenish steatite, with inscription in 2 lines. end broken. length 0.015</p>
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<p>G 235 Not numbered AH</p>
<p>Larnax-burial immediately below foot- ings of wall in room opening of SW end of narrow lane (NW side), touching G234</p>
<p>Oval laranx of <strong>Larsa</strong> type, l 0.70 wd 0.35 Orientated NE by SW</p>
<p><strong>Outside larnax</strong></p>
<p>(1) Pot, drab clay, TYPE XVI RC 73 Ht: 0.23 rim: 0.10 base: 0.065</p>
<p>(2) Pot, " " , broken, base 0.04</p>
<p>Larnax contained adult bones, in no apparent order, and traces of matting. skull was missing.</p>
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<p>G 246 Larsa AH</p>
<p>Larnax-burial below footings of burnt-brick wall, in House XXVII</p>
<p>Larnax of <strong>Larsa</strong> type, oval, with raised bands. l0.98 wd 0.50. Orientated NE x SW.</p>
<p><strong>Outside Grave</strong></p>
<p>(1) Pot of TYPE CCXIV RC56</iins> Ht 0.40 rim broken </p>
<p>Body crouched on r side, head NE</p>
<p><strong>Inside Grave</strong></p>
<p>(2) By face, shell of type: [drawing (artifact: shell)]</p>
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<p>G 247 Larsa AH</p>
<p>Pot-burial below footings of burnt- brick wall in House XIX</p>
<p>Pot, type: [sketch (plan: grave)] ?ICLXXXVII Larsa</p>
<p>Contained child's bones</p>
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<p>G 25 EH
</p><p>Very small grave high up in soil against face
of mud brick wall
</p><p>Two pots mouth to mouth, one a basin (1), the
other the lower part only of a lamp pot.
Inside, body of infant : at its foot a bronze
bangle, plain, & by its side a lot of dates
</p><p>(1) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 698 < 032 > ^ 028 Ë light drab clay.]
</p><p>= P.220
</p>
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<p>G 265 Chapel at SE end of Khan (1) AH (Larsa) Immediately beneath [?] [uniting?] B.B. pavement a corbel vaulted grave, containing disturbed bones and a number of baked clay vases RC 73 (1) Type XVI Ht 023 yellowish drab (2) " " " 023 (3) " " " 0225 (4) yellowish drab baked clay Rim 017 Ht 0475 Found against blocked door outside the vaults [Drawing of a jar with narrow neck, heavy collared rim and narrow curved base] Larsa 1)LXXXVII</p>:
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<p>G 278 p.1. AH</p>
<p>Larnax-burial, below wall-footings of House XXIII</p>
<p>Larnax, oval, of <strong>Larsa</strong> type, orientated SE and NW l: 1.13 wd: 0.52</p>
<p><strong>Outside Larnax</strong></p>
<p>(1) Pot, Light buff clay, TYPE CCXIV RC56 Ht: 0.53 rim: 0.165</p>
<p>(2) " Yellow-fuff clay, TYPE CVII RC55 Ht: 0.26 rim: 0.075</p>
<p>(3) " red clay, same type, Ht: 0.26 rim: 0.08</p>
<p>(4) " " " " " Ht: 0.27 rim: 0.08</p>
<p><strong>Within Larnax</strong></p>
<p>2 adult skeletons, one crouched on l. side, one disturbed, both skulls to NW</p>
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<p>G 278 p2. AH</p>
<p>(5) Pot, light buff clay, fragmentary, TYPE XVI =RC73</p>
<p>(6) Fragments of buff clay saucer.</p>
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<p>G 287 (?larsa) .1. AH</p>
<p>Larnax-burial beneath street-level of Narrow Lane, about 0.50 below wall-footings of adjoining house.</p>
<p>Larnax, oval, of <strong>Larsa</strong> type, orientated rouhly E and W. l. 1.07 wd. 0.55</p>
<p><strong>Outside larnax</strong></p>
<p>(1) Reddish clay pot, inverted. TYPE CCXIV RC56 Ht 0.490 rim 0.017 rim broken</p>
<p>(2) Below no (1) greenish-drab clay pot, right way up, thus: Ht : 0.30 rim : 0.12 base: 0.105 [drawing 1:10 (artifact: pot) labeled: 657] NOT TYPED <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCCCXXXII?</span> no such Type drawing <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">?cxlv</span> See sketch p.2. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">?draw</span> -Larsa</p>
<p>(3) Beside no (2) reenish-drab pot with pointed base (broken)</p>
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<p>G 287 p.2. AH</p>
<p><strong>Inside larnax</strong></p>
<p>Bones in an extraordinary confusion: pelvis and 1 shoulder-blade in centre, on surface, tibia, together, a little to W of them. Ribs and vertebrae at both ends, femora vertical in <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">infli</span> infiltrated soil. Below infiltrated soil, towards E end of coffin, 2 skulls: (There did not seem to be a sufficiency of bones to account for 2 complete skeletons) At W end, remains of matting.</p>
<p>(4) At E end of coffin, reddish clay pot with pointed base (broken)</p>
<p>____</p>
<p>Sketch showing position of pots outside larnax:</p>
<p>[sketch (plan: grave) labeled with pot numbers]</p>
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<p>G 291 larsa A.H.</p>
<p>Middle chamber outside SW main wall of House I</p>
<p>Below lower b.b. pavement level an inhumation Bocy Lay NExSW Head <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">N</span> SW and against it</p>
<p>(1) Large ovoid body yellowish Drab clay vase baked. Ht 047 <strong>ordinary</strong> <strong>Larsa type</strong> ?ICLXXXVI [C written backwards] =L49a</p>
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<p>G 31. House IÂ ? AH</p>
<p>Disturbed pot burial probably belonging to period III as the grave came 030 below b.b. footings of SW room wall Interesting because it contained a l. drab clay vase <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">RC72</span> 129 = L104b type <strong>XLIX</strong> Ht 032 \thus showing that this type had a long continuous run - found in 3 periods on this site.</p>
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<p>G 312 School House A.H. LG79 Chapel</p>
<p>In centre of the room against SW side of the corbel b.b. vault a larnax grave l. 1.15 w 060 depth 035 Lay NW x SE. Head SE /060 below b.b. pavement</p>
<p>The corbel vault G 317 had broken away one side of G.312 - the larnax was therefore the later grave</p>
<p>Against the outside of the larnax a number of baked clay vases</p>
<p>q.v.</p>
<p>Bones in confusion.</p>
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<p>G 313 A.H.</p>
<p>(2) Similar to (1) Yellowish Drab Ht 023</p>
<p>(3) Similar to (2) Ht 022</p>
<p>(4) " " (3) " " with a very rough clay cover impression of string(?)</p>
<p>(5) Light Drab Baked Clay Ht 023 Rim 0105 Base 006</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] ICLXXXVIII [C written backwards]</p>
<p>Larsa</p>
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<p>G 313 A.H.</p>
<p>(6) Yellowish Drab Baked Clay Ht 052 Rim 014</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] Larsa ICLXXXVII [C written backwards]</p>
<p>(7) Inside the larnax against the back of the body a platter of yellowish baked clay Rim 024 Ht 004 Base 013</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] CCXL Larsa</p>
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<p>G 313 School House A H Chapel</p>
<p>Protruding above the level of the existing b.b. pavement but in the tablet rubbish a pot burial - broken bowl containing a skull and bones of a child-in confusion existing ht of bowl only 015 yellowish drab baked clay</p>
<p>(1) with it a vase of l drab baked clay Ht 022 Rim 011 Base 0065 [drawing (artifact: pot)] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">RC73</span> 588</p>
<p>(2) Similar to G 312 (1) Ht 023</p>
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<p>G 313 The KHAN A.H. J.C.R.</p>
<p>See Plan</p>
<p>1 m below founds of NE wall a ribbed larnax grave [parallel symbol] with NE wall 1.1m x 050 Head SE</p>
<p>Body on left side, flexed.</p>
<p>Outside the grave</p>
<p>(1) vase of Light Drab Baked Clay Ht 024 Rim 007 [Drawing (artifact: pot)] RC55 TYPE CVII? light Drab Baked Clay</p>
<p>Larsa</p>
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<p>G 315 A.H.</p>
<p>Same level as G <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">372</span> 314. 040 below founds of NW wall, a childs ribbed Larnax. 060 x 040 x 030 deep. Lay [parallel sign] with NW wall</p>
<p>Outside the grave</p>
<p>(1) vase of Light Drab Baked Clay Ht 0235</p>
<p>(2) A Bowl, Baked clay, burnished, brown Ht 007 Rim 013 Base 015 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: ICCIX] ?Larsa. cf type ICIV</p>
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<p>G 319 School House A.H. Chapel</p>
<p>Infants burial baked clay 'rabbit hutch' type 052 x 045 x 030 deep</p>
<p>Lay in front of door to long room, on SW side of chapel Flush with b.b. founds of SE wall at a higher level than any other existing grave in the room</p>
<p>No objects</p>
<p>This grave would probably just have been covered by the uppermost b.b. pavement</p>
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<p>G 326 p1 ?larsa AH</p>
<p>Brick vault beneath floor of chapel (?) extreme SE end of No I Store St.</p>
<p>Vault, corballed [sic], with 2 chambers and open pit in front of door. See plan.</p>
<p>Exterior l. of vault 3.52 interior Ht " " 1.85 " width " " 1.25</p>
<p>Open pit measures (inside) 1.00 x 1.20:</p>
<p>Brick-measurements 0.27 x 0.27 x 0.08</p>
<p>See section, p 5 Top of wall of Open Pit 0.65 below pavement (level I) of No I Store St. Top of vault flush with pavement</p>
<p>[drawing 1:50 (plan: grave) labeled: N, CHAMBER II, CHAMBER I, OPEN PIT] Rough sketch-plan <strong>conventions</strong> to scale 1/50 [hatching down left] = low blocking [cross hatching down] = blocking carried up to same level as walls: walls.</p>
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<p>G 326 p2 AH</p>
<p>OUTSIDE DOOR OF VAULT.</p>
<p>(1) Buff clay pot, TYPE CCXIV RC56 Ht. 0.520 rim: 0.155</p>
<p>(2) " " " TYPE XVI RC73 Ht : 0.22 rim : 0.10 base: 0.055</p>
<p>(3) " " " same type Ht 0.22 rim broken base 0.06</p>
<p>(4) " " " " " Ht 0.220 rim broken base 0.057</p>
<p>(5) " " " " " Ht: 0.23 rim broken base : 0.06</p>
<p>INSIDE CHAMBER I</p>
<p>Against door, confused remains of 2 bodies, skulls lying as in plan.</p>
<p>With bones, pots (see p 3)</p>
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<p>G 326 p3. AH</p>
<p>(6) Yellow-buff clay pot TYPE XVI RC73 Ht: 0.23 rim: 0.11 base: 0.054</p>
<p>(7) Small pot with thick walls, thus: Ht: 0.120 rim: 0.075 base: 0.050 [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot)] new L.133 draw NOT TYPED Larsa Reddish clay. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCVIII</span> variant 696</p>
<p>(8) Very rouh hand-made saucer, buff clay, thus: Ht : 0.05 rim: 0.14 (but irregular) base: 0.06 [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot) labeled: 654] ?draw TYPE <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">XC?</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">?CCXXI variant</span></p>
<p>(9) Below bones, flat, shallow dish of buff clay (fragmentary)</p>
<p><strong>Against door of Chamber II.</strong></p>
<p>(10) Yellow-buff clay pot, TYPE XVI Ht : 0.230 rim: 0.105 base: 0.055</p>
<p>(11) Yellow-buff clay pot, same type as no (7) Ht: 0.122 rim: 0.075 base: 0.050</p>
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<p>G 326 p5 AH</p>
<p>[drawing 1:50 (section: grave) labeled with text below]</p>
<p>SECTION OF VAULT OPEN PIT CHAMBER I CHAMBER II</p>
<p>CONVENTIONS [no hatching] walls running SW and NE [cross hatching] " " SE " NW [hatching down left] blocking, independent of walls [solid black] brick floor (thickness conjectural) A-A footing of vaulting. B-B break in roof</p>
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<p>G 330 AH</p>
<p>Against outer face of SE wall of courtyard, Store St. No I, NE of and immediately against G329, a simple inhumation 0.45 below pavement, Period I.</p>
<p>Body crouched on r. side, head NW.</p>
<p>No objects.</p>
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<p>G 331 p 2 AH</p>
<p>Ht : 0.085 rim . 0.130 diam. 0.145</p>
<p>Rim Sin Larsa [drawing 2:5 (artifact: pot)] Brown burnished clay - single lug - 2 incised circles on rim - NEW TYPE- TYPE ICLXIV [C written backwards] U 17:080</p>
<p>(5) Near door, drab clay, TYPE CVII RC55 Ht 0.30 rim 0.09</p>
<p>(6) Near door, and at back of vault, [?<strong>kihe</strong>?] exx of TYPE XVI RC73</p>
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<p>G 333 AH</p>
<p>Brick grave built against outer face of SE wall of courtyard, No I Store St, on NE side of doorway. Top 0.53 below top of wall, and flush with pavement I</p>
<p>Grave oblong, orientated NE and SW Length 0.27 wd 0.56 depth 0.46 internal measurements Brick-measurements. 0.19 x 0.29 x 0.08</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p>Adult skeleton crouched on r. side, head NE</p>
<p>Lying immediately above the skull, close to- gether, were a number of unbaked tablets (20, all more or less intact, and some with envelopes). <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">wriutten in a late script.</span></p>
<p>No other objects</p>
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<p>G 34 House I G34 AH Outside SE wall of room 5</p>
<p>Larnax grave outside E corner of house wall lying NW x SE. head NW 080 below b.b. founds.</p>
<p>Body flexed and on right side Against back a pair of bronze disks [U.16307] - probably the scales of a balance 022 apart - center to center and with the scales, 6 haematite weights [U.16308]. Also found fragments of fine wood from the balance - (3 lentoid + 3 conoid weights) diam of scale pans 005</p>
<p>Outside larnax. L. drab clay vase Type XIX =RC174 Ht 034 not to scale [drawing (artifact: pot)] Larsa</p>
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<p>G 341 The Khan Larsa A.H.</p>
<p>Room due SE of room containing attached columnar stair support a larnax grave - Lay NExSW. Head SW against SE wall directly in front of entrance to corbelled b.b. G.343 and at same level. Dimensions, L.090. w. 042 depth 033</p>
<p>Outside Ht 0265 Rim 0108 base 0095 Yellowish Drab baked clay. [Drawing (artifact: pot)] Larsa CCLXXII=IL93a</p>
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<p>G 38 (5) A.H.</p>
<p>(5) Rim 006 Ht 014 Base 0045 [drawing (artifact: pot) CLXXXIX</p>
<p>(6) rim 004 Ht 032 [drawing: (artifact: pot)] [drawing is struck through] L. drab clay</p>
<p>(7) Ht 026 Rim 007 [drawing (artifact: pot)] Type CVII = RC55 several duplicates 12 pots in all</p>
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<p>G 40 House I A.H. Court (1)</p>
<p>Larnax grave L 1.4 m w. 060 ribbed sides oval type [drawing (artifact: coffin)]</p>
<p>with ribs round top. Body lay NW x SE head NE.</p>
<p>Outside grave a L drab clay RC174 vase type <strong>XIX</strong> Ht 036 and l drab <strong>Larsa</strong> pot type - with ovoid body Ht 044 [drawing (artifact: pot)] ICLXXXVII [C written backwards] Larsa</p>
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<p>G 42 [42 is circled and 44 written next to it] p2 AH</p>
<p>(8) By head. 1 large green steatite ring-bead</p>
<p>(9) Below body, rough stone pounder.</p>:
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<p>G 42 [42 is circled in red and 41 added in red next to it] p1 AH Double-pot burial below footings of NW outer wall of House XIII = 15 Church Lane</p>
<p><strong>Outside grave</strong>:</p>
<p>(1) Pot of TYPE CCXIV Ht 0.48 RC 56 [last part written in blue] rim broken</p>
<p>(2) " " " XVI Ht 0.21 rim broken RC 73 [last part written in blue]</p>
<p>(3) " " " " Ht 0.21 rim broken</p>
<p>(4) " " " " Ht 0.21 rim 0.10</p>
<p>(5) Set of 3. haematite weights U16:412</p>
<p><strong>inside grave</strong></p>
<p>Body, adult, flexed on r. side, head NW</p>
<p>(6) By head, fragments of saucer.</p>
<p>(7) " " " " pot with pointed base [? written in red]</p>:
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<p>G 43 House (2) AH</p>
<p>Outside the grave a light drab baked clay vase Type [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: ICLXXXVII Larsa] [note: C is backwards in the label] Ht 050</p>
<p>and the other l. drab clay Type CVII = RC 55 [drawing (artifact: pot)] Rim 0065 Ht 0235</p>:
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<p>G 43 House 2 [2 is enclosed in a square] AH Room on N.W. side of court with door jamb</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: building, partial) labeled: Room 8; G43, G48]</p>
<p>Ribbed larnax baked clay lying NW - SE. Head NW. cause below 1st - mud pavement L1m w 050 in centre</p>:
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<p>G 47 (3) AH Carn ball. lapis dc. Carn balls 3 glass d.c. 3?carn balls - chalcedony lentoid - carn ball</p>
<p>barrel lapis . barrel carn ball, chalcedony barrel carn ball carn tube white calcite (? 1 flattened d.c. U.16.319 in LG/27</p>:
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<p>G 50 AH</p>
<p>Larnax-burial in pit at S corner of House I</p>
<p>Oval larnax with raised bands, resting on bed of clay and bitumen</p>
<p><strong>Outside grave</strong></p>
<p>2 pots, both broken 1 saucer, broken</p>
<p>Body crouched on E side, head to SW (see photo)</p>
<p>Copper bracelet on r. wrist U16:670</p>:
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<p>G 51 AH</p>
<p>Larnax-burial in pit at S corner of House I.</p>
<p>Larnax, oval with raised bands, orientat- ed E and W, and placed carelessly over bones, so that skull and legs protrude beyond it.</p>
<p>Body flexed on r side, head slightly S of E.</p>
<p><strong>Pottery outside coffin</strong></p>
<p>(1) TYPE XVI = RC73</p>
<p>(2) TYPE CCXIV = RC56</p>
<p>(3) TYPE CVII = RC56</p>
<p>(4) " "</p>
<p>(5) bowl, fragmentary</p>
<p>(6) " "</p>:
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<p>G 52 AH</p>
<p>Simple inhumation, lying below, and disturbed by, G51, in pit at S corner of House I.</p>
<p>Bones disordered</p>
<p>No objects</p>:
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<p>G 53. AH</p>
<p>Reburial in pit at S corner of House I above G 54</p>
<p>Stacked bones, 2 skulls placed side by side.</p>
<p>No objects</p>:
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<p>G 54 AH</p>
<p>Larnax-burial in pit at S corner of House I, below G53</p>
<p>Oval larnax with raised bands (top fractured)</p>
<p>Bones disturbed</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p>1 copper bracelet (plain circle) U16:671</p>:
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<p>G 56 House X A.H. (?Larsa)</p>
<p>Parallel with G.55 a second inhumation. Body at same depth lying in same direction.</p>
<p>By head a miniature rubbish drab clay vase with 4 handles & incised decoration [drawing 1:1 (artifact: pot)] ICLXXXIX [C is backwards and LX overwrites XC] 589</p>:
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<p>G 57 House X A.H.</p>
<p>Inhumation grave in room incorporated into street - <strong>period II</strong> NW side of House II see Sketch plan. Same level & direction as Gs 55 & 56</p>
<p>With the grave 2 vases.</p>
<p>(1) Yellowish Drab Clay Type <strong>XIV RC174</strong> Ht 035</p>
<p>(2) Oval type [drawing (artifact: pot)] Ht 045 ICLXXXVII [C is backwards] Larsa</p>:
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<p>G 6 p2 AH</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled L. 124 1/5 Larsa XIV = RC76] (4) Similar to 3 but bigger</p>
<p>(5) Yellow-buff clay pot, TYPE XVI Ht 0.22 base 0.06 rim broken</p>
<p>(6) Yellow-buff clay saucer, thus: [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled RC 3 1/5 CXXI] Ht. 0.04 rim: 0.18 base: 0.045</p>
<p>(7) Buff clay miniatrue pot, thus: [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled L.] 2/5 CC LXVIII Larsa Ht 0.10 rim 0.07 base 0.055</p>:
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<p>G 6 p3 AH</p>
<p>(8) Yellow-buff clay pot, TYPE CCXIV = RC 56 = Larsa 51 Ht 0.29 rim 0.12</p>
<p>(9) Round-bottomed pot, [?fmts.?] TYPE CCXIV very fragmentary.</p>
<p>NB. Owing to the fact that the grave itself was broken and part missing, it is im- possible to say how many of the above pots were originally inside and how many outside the grave.</p>
<p>Immediately under the broken wall were found, on cleaning, <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">the</span> a suite of supermiposed pottery rings, of the usual drain-type, running down into the soil for an unaccertained distance, so that it is really doubtful whehter this is a grave at all. The presence of pottery - some of it complete - and a few bones suggest that it may be a burial intruding upon a (disused) drain-shaft.</p>:
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<p>G 73. AH</p>
<p>Corbel-vault with entrance at side length 1.5 width 0.87 bricks 0.28 x 0.2 x 0.09 See sketch of doorway</p>
<p>Filled with earth almost to top. Contained three skeletons, confused</p>
<p>1 pot, thus:</p>
<p>[drawing 1:10 (artifact: pot)] ht 0.22m greenish drab clay ?draw ?period 711 = IL.120b No other objects</p>:
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<p>G 76 AH</p>
<p>Larnax-burial 0.60 below level of burnt brick pavement in chapel of Khan - against SE wall.</p>
<p>Larnax, oval, of <strong>Larsa</strong> type, orientated NE x SW l 1.10 wd. 0.67 Top broken.</p>
<p>Outside larnax, fragmentary pot of TYPE CCXIV RC56 Body crouched on r. side, head SW, resting on brick</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p>(1) Against chest, yellow-drab clay pot, TYPE XVI RC73 Ht: 0.225 rim: 0.1.10 base: 0.055</p>
<p>(2) " " same as (1), fragmentary</p>
<p>(3) ? ? very rough yellow-drab clay saucer thus: [drawing (artifact: pot)] XXVI=RC5b Ht: 0.065 rim: 0.150 base: 0.050</p>
<p>(4) On wrist, copper bracelet - plain circle of thin wire - diam 0.06</p>
<p>(5) Near wrist - fragments of copper pin or kohl-stick</p>
<p>(6) At neck - fhaematite cylinder-seal, 3 lines of inscription and 3 standing figures</p>:
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<p>G 94 AH</p>
<p>Larnax-burial in House I, against mud-brick wall facing onto "Straight St.", abt 1.8 below footing of burnt- brick wall.</p>
<p>Oval larnax, broken by drain of late period.</p>
<p>Legs and pelvis (flexed position) rt main. Upper part gone.</p>
<p>Fragment of bronze bracelet found near pelvis.</p>:
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<p>G 96 A.H.</p>
<p>Corbel vaulted b.b. grave roughly blocked up - in front of the blocking a vase of l drab clay b.b.s 0275 x 0185 x 008</p>
<p>(1) Ht 040 Rim 016 [drawing 1:10 (artifact: pot)] l. drab clay normal TYPE ICLXXXVII [C written backwards] Larsa = IL48] </p>
<p>(2) Ht 0265 Rim 0115 Base 008 yellowish drab clay [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 215] = IL.72c <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCXII =RC.15 or RC 76 variant ?</span></p>:
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<p>G 97 AH</p>
<p>Circular ribbed larnax grave inverted in soil. Ht 048 wd 024 grave lay immediately in front of door of corbelled G 98 and was presumably later than it</p>
<p>Level 1 m below top of G 98 within Body of a child</p>
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<p>G <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">140</span> 163 AH</p>
<p>Corbel-vault cut into lower burnt-brick wall, House V</p>
<p>vault with stilted arch, l 2.05 wd 1.74 height 1.00 brick-measurements: 0.24 x 0.17 x 0.08</p>
<p>Outside tomb, large Larsa pot, top broken, Ht 0.47</p>
<p>Tomb plundered from door & bones disturbed. 1 skull</p>
<p>Inside tomb, pot resembling TYPE CVII = RC 55 variant but with rounder base, decorated with red (haematite) wash, too fragile for measure- ments, but ht. about 0.24</p>:
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<p>G <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">141</span> 164 A H</p>
<p>Large Double Baked Clay Pot Burial d 070 bottom roughly 1m above Level II with ring base.</p>
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<p>G <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">174</span> 255Â ?Larsa AH</p>
<p>Double-pot child's burial immediately below footings of burnt-brick wall in E corner of House XVII</p>
<p>Burial of type: [sketch (plan: grave)]</p>
<p><strong>Outside grave</strong>:</p>
<p>(1) Rough reddish clay saucer, ht 0.05 rim 0.14 base 0.05</p>
<p>thus: [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot) labeled: 654] very poor, irregular work <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">TYPE CXX call it RC4b</span>Â ?Larsa</p>
<p>(2) similar to (1), but broken)</p>
<p><strong>Inside grave</strong></p>
<p>Infant's bones</p>
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<p>G EM Larsa Wall [drawing (Plan:Position of gravel) Label: Larsa Wall, 085, later wall, burnt brick-Kassite? founds 1m above [?] grave] Dimensions of grave 1.1x050x050</p>:
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<p>G Larsa EM</p>
<p>(1) Within the grave 2 number baked clay vases. Hight [?] 019x0095x007 Common Larsa Type [drawing (artifact:pot) Label: 704 Larsa] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> 284 Variant ?diam </span> (2) Similar w (1) Ht 019 (3) Similar w (2) Ht 023 The grave was clearly associated with Larsa walls only the SW & NW walls being visible. Founds of NW wall 030 above founds of SW wall which had stepped mud brick founds. Pavement cut away at the time the grave was plundered.</p>:
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<p>G. 158. AH 11 Paternoster Row Gravesend House Room 12</p>
<p>Long narrow room walls b.b. below and m.b. above contained six infant burials - five of double bowl type mouth to mouth - one of rabbit hutch type q. v. contained 4 bodies</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: building, partial) showing position of graves]</p>
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<p>G. 190 (2) AH House XVII Room 9.</p>
<p>Outside grave</p>
<p>(5) Vase of light drab baked clay. Ht 0125 Rim 008 Base 0035</p>
<p>652 [drawing (artifact: pot)] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">LIV</span> (JN. 26)</p>
<p>(5) vase of light drab baked clay Rim 010. Ht 0235. Base 0055</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] ICLXXXVIII [C written backwards]</p>
<p>Larsa</p>
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<p>G. 190 A.H.</p>
<p>House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">XXVII?</span> <strong>XVII</strong> Room 9</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: building, partial) labeled: G.190 G.191]</p>
<p>Below floor level period II a larnax grave NW x SE Head NW Dimensions L.1.1 w. 055 Depth 030 Body flexed & on right side</p>
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<p>G. 40. 41 2 C.L.W.</p>
<p>Room I. See Plan.</p>
<p>The house to which this room belongs has been destroyed by fire. All the walls were mud plastered - the plaster on the NW Wall was in excellent condition as it has been hard baked by the fire.</p>
<p>In the debris and ashes above the burnt brick floor were found a number of inscribed tablets of the Larsa period - some of them in envelopes. Also two large store jars [?giv.?] that had contained fruit - specimens of pips were kept for analysis - also dates.</p>
<p>Under the burnt brick pavement were found two infant burials of the [?usual?] Larsa type [?] two baked clay bowls mouth to mouth for type [?] drawings and photograph</p>
<p>G.40 contained skulls and bones of 2 infants and G.41 contained 2 similar</p>:
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<p>G. 68 AH</p>
<p>Under floor level (1) E corner of room at centre blocked end of Division St.</p>:
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<p>G. 98 (2) A.H.</p>
<p>Outside grave against blocked doorway</p>
<p>(1) vase l. drab clay. type <strong>XVI</strong> RC 73 Ht 0225</p>
<p>(2) Similar to (1)</p>
<p>(3) L. Drab clay Ht 044 Type same as (7) <strong>ICLXXXVII</strong> [C is written backwards] Larsa</p>:
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<p>G.10 C.L.W.</p>
<p>020 below G.9. body NExSW. head NW feet towards main wall. a skeleton with it Larsa pottery. Body on left side</p>
<p>1) Ht 0165 rim 0085 Base 005. middle drab baked clay</p>
<p>2) Ht 0325 base 011 rim 0095</p>
<p>[picture right, pottery; light drab baked clay (right): 20=RC226 ]</p>
<p>[picture bottom, labeled 665, (right): with ringed decoration round rim and shoulder ]</p>:
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<p>G.12.13.14 Page 1. KP
</p><p>Rectangular room running NW by SE about 12 x 3.5 m. Paved
</p><p>NE wall bricks 028 x 006 unlike the other walls has bitumen mortar and as its foundations go deeper than the other walls, it is clearly the earliest, re-used at a later period in connection with the SE and SW walls which are evidently contemporary.q.v. At its E corner the NE wall forms a door jamb wih the E end of the SE wall - SE wall having a return 040 long, width of doorway 1m. At its NW end it forms the door jamb of a doorway 1m wide with a wall of <strike> the </strike> a late period bricks 033 - 034 x 010. This later wall continues for a distance of 1.25 to the N corner of the room. The main older NE wall above mentioned serves also as the SW wall of a sanctuary on the NE side of the room and against the middle of it on this side it was recessed to support altar.<br />
NW wall size of bricks 031 - 034 x 009, mud mortar is contemporary with the NW position of the NE wall on the NW side of the <strike> gate </strike> doorway in the NE wall. In the NW wall is a doorway 1.1 m wide, 031, NW and SW walls bond together. Hinge stone of the door, uninscribed was found in situ. This door leads through to a chamber which was evidently in the extremity of the building. <br />
SW wall size of bricks 030 - 036 x 009 has at its NW end 1.5 m away from NW wall a <strike> blocked </strike> doorway blocked up at a later period when the SW wall was thickened on its NE side. Against the blocking of this doorway was a low erection 1.3 x 037 x 023 3 courses high in burnt brick. This may have been a base for a statue or a low seat. 1 m away from the W corner of the wall was another blocked up doorway. This was blocked up by bricks 031 x 025 m in size.
</p>
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<p>G.126 A A.H.</p>
<p>(4) <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">draw</span> [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled 660] Clay Bowl Burnished Brown. ?Larsa cf 210 and 590 Rim 019 Ht 004</p>
<p>(8) Rim 0135 Ht 0055 Base 0055 [drawing (artifact: pot)] RC4b reddish drab baked clay</p>:
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<p>G.126 House XI AH.</p>
<p>?3rd Dyn. or Larsa cf. g198</p>
<p>Under pavement NW. of sloping wall in NW side of house IV</p>
<p><strong>Larsa(?)</strong> Larnax grave Body NW x SE Head SE. With the body</p>
<p>(1) Vase L. Drab Clay. Type XVI RC73 Ht 024</p>
<p>(2) Rim 010 Ht. 0225 Base 007 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: larsa] 700 L Drab Clay type <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCLXXII</span></p>
<p>(3) Type CVII RC55 Ht 0245 L Drab Clay</p>
<p>6 others all types CVII</p>:
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<p>G.141 RAIL HOUSE A.H.</p>
<p>(2) Rim 0105 Ht.023. Base 006 [drawing (artifact: pot)] Light drab Baked clay IL 71</insi> ICLXXXVIII [C written backwards] Larsa </p>
<p>(3) Similar to (2) Ht 0235</p>
<p>(4) Type XIX Dark drab with a reddish flare Ht 031 <ins>= RC174 = IL.114</p>
<p>At the bottom of the grave two burnt bricks 029 x 019 x 0075</p>
<p>085 Above the rave pavement had been raised twice but this probably belonged to an intermediate occupation of the house whose later levels Rim Sin (?) were the best preserved</p>:
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<p>G.142A RAIL HOUSE A.H</p>
<p>(4) Same level as grave 1m away and not associated with it but possibly contemporary - Ht 012 Rim 0075 Base 003. L Drab baked clay tumbler [drawing (artifact: pot)] 696 IL.70 </strike>?CC14a or draw?</strike></p>
<p>Grave was at a higher level than G.141. possibly slightly later than G.141</p>:
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<p>G.142A RAIL HOUSE A.H</p>
<p>055 below b.b. pavement Room on NW side of court, W end, N corner of room 040 below b.b. footings of NE wall a pot burial - large l drab</p>
<p>(1) Outside grave l drab baked clay vase Ht 024 TYPE XVI</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)]</p>
<p>baked clay pot smashed, about 060 high containing body of a child XVI = RC 73 = IL69a</p>
<p>(2) L Drab Baked clay bowl rim 0155 Ht 007 Base 008 roughly made [drawing (artifact: pot)] RC.5b = IL12c <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">or CCXCI</strike Larsa </span></p>
<p>(3) one steatite lentoid bead</p>
<p>[Cont'd on previous page]</p>:
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<p>G.153 House D XVII AH Room 2</p>
<p>Baked clay Ribbed larnax NW X SE. Head NW. One side had been partly cut away by G.154.</p>
<p>Within the grave a vase of light drab baked clay. lay at back of body. Ht 0245 Rim 009 Base 0065. Straight sided variant of Type XVI. [drawing (artifact: pot)] ICLXXXVIII [C written backwards] Larsa</p>
<p>Also in grave a baked clay rubber(?) shaped thus --> [drawing (artifact: tool)]</p>
<p>Flat on one side curved on the other L010 W 0035</p>
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<p>G.160</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: grave)]</p>
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<p>G.174 HOUSE. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">10</span> XVIII A.H.</p>
<p>Infant burial resting directly on burnt brick pavement period II of room Y. house 10</p>
<p>Normal Double Pot burial type with 1 infants skeleton inside Pots were of <strong>white</strong> drab clay Rim 035 Ht 015</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] CCXXVIII</p>
<p>?Larsa cf G159</p>
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<p>G.190 AH</p>
<p>Room 2. House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">XI XXVII?</span> XVII. Room 9</p>
<p>Small larnax grave normal ribbed type with plain top L060, w. in centre 040, depth 030 capped by a b.b. 026 x 0175 x 0075 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">x0</span></p>
<p>grave lay in front of door to room 2 Lay beneath floor main level II NW x SE Head NW. Body of a child.</p>
<p>Contained a broken copper bracelet circular in section d. c. 004</p>
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<p>G.190 House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">XI</span> XVII AH Room 9.</p>
<p>Outside the grave a vase of light drab baked clay Ht. 026 Rim. 0075 Base 0015</p>
<p>Larsa [drawing (artifact: pot)] CVII = RC 55</p>
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<p>G.193 House XVI A.H.</p>
<p>Broken Pot Burial touching G.192 same level contemp with it - Body minus sull <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">feet only</span> head was in G.192</p>
<p>In it</p>
<p>(1) Vase, Baked Clay, Pinkish Drab Larsa [drawing (artifact: pot)] nearly straight sided outer curves correct ICLXXXVIII [C written backwards]</p>
<p>(2) Beads a few carnelian lentoids. double conoids</p>
<p>(3) small copper Ear ring d 0018</p>
<p>(4) Broken copper bangle</p>
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<p>G.194 HOUSE XIX A.H.</p>
<p>(2) type CVII Ht026 RC 55</p>
<p>(3)Â ? CVII 0275</p>
<p>(4) Saucer distorted rim 016 [drawing (artifact: pot)] Ht006 base 00 RC5b XXVI</p>
<p>(5) Platter . L.Drab CLay 661. type same as that found outside the grave (9) Rim 030</p>
<p>(6) Same as (5) Rim 032</p>
<p>(7) Ht 0235 same as (4) outside grave</p>
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<p>G.201 House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">E</span> XIX A.H. Directly under the floor main period II of court against SW wall by doorway at SW end an infants burial (on NE side of door):</p>
<p>This was a vase of light drab baked clay Rim 015 Ht0255 Base 0119 Larsa [drawing (artifact: pot)] ICCX [first C is backwards] Larsa</p>:
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<p>G.211. House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">X</span> XVIII A.H. (1) Head SW</p>
<p>Larnax grave NE x SW. 1.7m below floor level II of chapel</p>
<p><strong>Larsa</strong></p>
<p>Larnax dimensions L.1.2 W.050 depth 030 Plain ribbed type</p>
<p>Behind the head a b. brick 0255 [?x?] 01[?]5 x 007 - head apparently resting on it. cf also G.212</p>
<p>Outside it a number of vases</p>
<p>(1) Light Drab Clay Ht 0235 Rim 0105 Base 006 [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot)] ICCVIII [first C is written backwards] Larsa</p>:
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<p>G.212 HOUSE <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">10</span> XVIII A.H</p>
<p>Larnax grave: same Depth and lying in the same direction almost certainlycontemporary with it.</p>
<p>?Larsa</p>
<p>Head NE. Body on right side. Grave was of ribbed type with extra ribbing on the top thus-: [drawing (artifact: larnax)] Dimensions. L. 1.2 w in centre 060 depth 048</p>
<p>Head propped up on a mud brick cf. G. 211 where head rested on a mud brick.</p>:
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<p>G.213 House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">X</span> XVIII A.H.</p>
<p>Larnax grave contemp: with Gs 212 & 213 same level, same direction - underneath intact floor level II</p>
<p>Larsa</p>
<p>Grave Lay NE x SW Head.</p>
<p>Dimensions of grave. L. 1.1 w. 056 depth 040.</p>
<p>Ribbed type, <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">with</span> similar to G. 212</p>
<p>Outside the grave 3 baked clay vases see page (2)</p>
<p>Skull kept - a remarkable feature was the partial piercing of the lower jaw in 2 places</p>
<p>Head rested on a b.b.</p>:
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<p>G.298 (2) A.H</p>
<p>With the body a number of baked clay vases</p>
<p>(1) Saucer. Rim 013, Ht 0045 Base 006 yellowish Drab - rough work Distorted [drawing (artifact: pot)] CXXI=RC3</p>
<p>(2) Similar to (1) Rim 0125</p>
<p>(3) L. Drab clay Rim 0055 Ht 0075 Base 003 [drawing (artifact: pot)] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">?Persian</span> draw ICCVI [first C written backwards]</p>
<p>(4) Saucer, hopelessly distorted Rim 015</p>
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<p>G.310 (2) AH</p>
<p>(4) A small glazed cylinder seal L0011 d0007 Hopeless condition</p>
<p>(5) A large lentoid carnelian bead</p>
<p>grave lay in room given on to Amen Lane. No 3 Paternoster Row</p>
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<p>G.314 ?Larsa cf g315 A.H.</p>
<p>040 below founds of NW wall a childs ribbed larnax 062 x 040 x 025 deep. Grave lay [parallel sign] with NW. wall Head SE</p>
<p>in the grave a pair of</p>
<p>(1) circular copper bangles Diams 004.</p>
<p>(2) Three carnelian Ball Beads.</p>
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<p>G.316 SCHOOL HOUSE A.H.</p>
<p>Lon room with tablets on SE side of court an inhumation burial 050 below pavement level aainst SE wall</p>
<p>Body NE x SW. Head SW</p>
<p>With the head (behind it) a vase of L. drab baked clay Ht 031 Rim 010</p>
<p>[drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot) labeled: iccvii]</p>
<p>In the same room there were the remains of a disturbed circular pot burial also against SE wall.</p>
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<p>G.317 SCHOOL HOUSE A H CHAPEL</p>
<p>In centre of room a corbel vaulted grave towards SE and lying NW x SE. Dimensions L 2.5. w. 1.1m depth 1.6</p>
<p>In the grave there was a small ante room 065 long separated from the burial space by a wall with only 1 course thick<span style="text-decoration:line-through;">ness</span></p>
<p>In the walls of the grave there were a few burnt bricks with half moons in relief, a full half moon in center and a quarter at each end b.b.s 035 x ? x 002</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: brick) design on face]</p>
<p>Similar to those found in Sin-iddinam building at Diqdiqqah.</p>
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<p>G.32 TW</p>
<p>Baked clay pot grave of infant consisting of an inverted bowl inside a larger clay jar which has been broken in antiquity</p>
<p>Skull of an infant was found and the bones all huddled together and on them traces of the shroud that had served as covering in fairly good condition. close woven like the modern Arab Abba. against the skull was a baked clay saucer also inverted rim 0205 ht 0075 base 006</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 295]</p>
<p>the containing vase over this one was of similar type but greater dimensions - Rim 033 Ht 013</p>:
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<p>G.36 House I AH Court I</p>
<p>In N corner of main court of house I a small oval larnax containing bones of 2 infants level 1.5. below that of b.b. founds in adjacent wall [therefore symbol] presumably associated with <strong>period IV</strong> but level was slightly above that of adjacent b.b. pavement on SW side of the court L. of grave 068 ht 018 grtst w 024 [drawing (artifact: coffin), labeled C] [parallel symbol] with NE wall 1 m away 050 from NW wall.</p>
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<p>G.38 (1) A.H. House I Room 10</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: grave) labeled with pot types RC55, RC73, Larsa ICLXXXVI, and "4 skulls"]</p>
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<p>G.38 (3) AH</p>
<p>(2) Ht 007 Rim 007 Base 0043 CCXII = RC15 [drawing (artifact: pot)] reddish drab clay</p>
<p>(3) Rim 016 Ht 048 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCXIV=RC56</span> cf DP and EM types [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: ICLXXXVI Larsa] yellowish drab</p>
<p>(4) Platter [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 690 = L. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> CCXL</strike Larsa] rim 030 Ht 004 L drab clay</span></p>
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<p>G.40 (2) AH</p>
<p>This grave lying below the founds of NE mud wall of the court is probably to be associated with the eastern mud brick wall [parallel sign] with it.</p>
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<p>G.41 house I A.H. Room (10)</p>
<p>Burnt-Brick Grave in shape of box with one row of bricks set on edge.</p>
<pre>[drawing (section: wall)] side elevation
</pre>
<p>[drawing (section: wall)] front elevation</p>
<p>Box of burnt bricks with some of them set on edge lying below floor level of period III opp. corbel brick grave G 38</p>
<p>b.b. yellowish 0255 sq x 0075</p>
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<p>G.46. (2) AH</p>
<p>Larnax grave body flexed & on right side. Head NW</p>
<p>(1) Small bronze finger ring</p>
<p>(2) Bronze Bangle</p>
<p>(3) [?wear?] 5 beads [?at neck?] Lapis & carnelian barrels</p>
<p>(4) A Cowrie Shell</p>:
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<p>G.47 (2) A.H.</p>
<p>and a few lapis lazuli double conoids.</p>
<p>(2) A flattened bronze bowl against hands - hopeless</p>
<p>(3) on Chest a large shell inverted & in it</p>
<p>(4) Remains of a bronze razor</p>
<p>(5) cylinder seal white shell</p>
<p>(6) Behind back remains of a broken bone comb [drawing (artifact: tool)] only tops of teeth remained</p>
<p>(7) Also behind back an inscribed tablet in very poor condition</p>
<p>(8) 2 copper finger rings</p>:
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<p>G.47 (3) A.H.</p>
<p>inside grave cut into earlier mud brick wall a number of clay pots</p>
<p>(9) two of type XVI RC73 IL69a Hts o22 & 027 L. drab</p>
<p>(10) Rim 0095 Ht 0205 Base 0065 [drawing (artifact: pot)labeled 700 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCLXXII</span> IL84 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">XX RC 226Â ?variant or CCLXXii?</strike] See remarks on this type on AH.G49 </span></p>
<p>(4) Ht 0275 Similar to 12 but more elongated CCLXXXIV IL74</p>
<p>[?U265 & U268 x2v7?]</p>:
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<p>G.47 (4) AH</p>
<p>(12) Rim 010 Ht 0205 . Base 009 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">?</span>] IL88b CLXXXIII = RC.140 = L. L. drab clay</p>
<p>(13) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: L L. drab clay Ht 047 IL51a Type ICLXXXVi [C is backwards] Larsa</p>
<p>(14) on arm A bronze bangle grave was propped up by a few bricks of Larsa type 0265 x 0165 x 007</p>:
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<p>G.67 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">P.185</span> Larsa A.H. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">LG94</span> LG94 Corbel vaulted grave. b.b. contain within</p>
<p>(1) Eleven l. drab clay vases type <strong>XVI</strong> Hts 024</p>
<p>(12) Rim 010 [drawing (artifact: pot)] =RC73 IL.69a RC 55 IL.45a</p>
<p>(13) Similar to (12)</p>
<p>(14) " " (13)</p>
<p>(15) & (16) Similar Hts 025 [drawing (artifact: pot)] RC23 IL.5b</p>
<p>(17) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled 210] IL.26b Rims 016</p>
<p>(18) Similar to 017</p>:
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<p>G.85 House IX AH</p>
<p>In 5 Roomed house at NE end of Division Street under courtyard a circular ribbed clay larnax 070 below b.b. pavement</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: building) labeled with room numbers and placement of burial]</p>
<p>grave lay in E corner of room in front of threshold to room 2</p>:
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<p>G.86 AH.</p>
<p>Inverted-pot burial in Khan (room with brick box by door) - immediately below <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">burnt-brick</span> level of burnt-brick pavement.</p>
<p>Pot of type [sketch (artifact: pot) labeled:Â ?] Ht 0.40 diam 0.50 Traces of rope(?) or matting bound round rom and smeared with bitumen.</p>
<p><strong>Oustide grave</strong></p>
<p>(1) Pot, yellow-buff clay TYPE XVI RC 73 Ht: 0.22 base: 0.06 rim broken</p>
<p><strong>Inside grave</strong></p>
<p>Bones of adolescent, with traces of cloth above.</p>
<p>(2) Two small, rough clay saucers - both fragmen- tary</p>
<p>(3) Pr of copper bracelets - plain spring; medium wire - only 1 complete. diam 0.048</p>:
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<p>G114 p2 AH</p>
<p><strong>contents</strong></p>
<p>(1) At back of vault, pot of type CXXIX Ht 0.328 base 0.06 rim 0.072</p>
<p>(2) " " " " same type Ht 0.320 base 0.060 rim 0.065</p>
<p>(3) " " " " same type Ht 0.395 base 0.062 rim 0.070</p>
<p>(4) " " " " same type Ht 0.0310 base 0.065 rim 0.060</p>
<p>(5) At front of vault, thick clay saucer (fragmen -tary)</p>
<p>(6) At front of vault, drab clay pot, thus:</p>
<p>Ht 0.125 rim 0.050 diam 0.110 [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot) labeled with symbol tha tlooks like P and L combined] NOT TYPED draw see p 3 new 678</p>:
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<p>G114 p3 AH</p>
<p>(7) On arm of one of the disturbed skeletons, beads, apparently still in situ, thus: 2 green balls: 1 yellow ball: 1 white len- toid: 1 white ball: 1 small white lentoid: 1 green ball (all paste)</p>
<p>(8) On finger of same, 1 copper ring.</p>
<p>(9) Among disturbed bones, fragments of bone pin</p>
<p>(10) " " " fragments of copper pin</p>
<p>(11) " " " fragments of copper bracelet</p>
<p>(12) " " " copper loop thus: [sketch (artifact: jewelry?)]</p>
<p>(13) " " " pierced plaque of volcanic stone, thus: [sketch (artifact: jewelry?)]</p>
<p>(14) " " " beads as follows: discoloured paste (ring, lentoid, cogged and spherical), 1 large steatite ball, also following shapes in paste: [drawing (artifact: beads)] U 16:722</p>:
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<p>G124 AH</p>
<p>Pot-burial <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">b</span> against NW wall of Chapel of Khan - abt 0.60 below pavement-level</p>
<p>Pot (on side) fragmentary.</p>
<p><strong>Outside</strong> pot</p>
<p>(1) Yellow-buff clay pot TYPE XVI RC 73 Ht 0.22 rim 0.11 base 0.06</p>
<p>(2) " " " " " " broken</p>
<p><strong>Inside</strong> pot</p>
<p>Bones, somewhat disordered Skull to SW, resting on brick.</p>
<p>(3) Brownish burnished clay pot, thus: [space for drawing, but no drawing present]</p>
<p>(4) Same as 3, broken.</p>:
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<p>G146 (K·31) 31 AH</p>
<p>Simple inhumation in brick rubbish below burnt-brick walls of period I, House XIV.</p>
<p>Body crouched on l. side. Head to E.</p>
<p>Beads at neck, order thus:</p>
<p>1 small bead of volcanic stone: 1 carneli- an scaraboid: 1 chrystal lentoid: 1 jas- per lentoid: 1 diorite lentoid.</p>
<p>Loose beads:</p>
<p>carnelian, chrystal and diorite lentoids. 1 yellow paste bead, thus: [drawing (artifact: bead)] U 16 698</p>:
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<p>G154 [=LG/38] House D XVII AH Room 2</p>
<p>Inside the shell lamp? a number of objects</p>
<p>(1) An unfinished cylinder seal L 003 g d 0022 preliminary cutting for a few figs. Shell of same quality as the conche</p>
<p>(2) A miniature <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">adze</span> spear with turned over tang bronze thus [drawing (artifact: tool or weapon)]</p>
<p>All of copper (3). (4). (5). similar to (2) U.16.699</p>
<p>(6) A miniature axe [drawing (artifact: tool or weapon)] with frag of bone(?) handle inside turned over tang</p>
<p>(7) similar to (6)</p>
<p>(8) corroded together 3 copper implements one type thus [drawing (artifact: tool)] form of the other 2 doubtful (9) a barbed ? blade distorted thus [drawing (artifact: tool)]</p>
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<p>G160/A -- House XVII Room (8) AH</p>
<p>House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">1A</span> small room SW of chapel containing fireplace contained no less than 9 infant burials all of the Larsa plain double pot type.</p>
<p>Larsa but not worth entering in tab anal</p>
<p>[Drawing (plan: building, partial) labeled with burial letters A-I and positions]</p>
<p>?type</p>
<p>All of them lay apparently above mb floor period II A. Body of infant</p>
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<p>G170 (3) AH</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p>(11) haematite seal, length 0.02, scene of man holding weapon confronting god with arm and foot raised, wearing mitre; and naked woman with arms folded. U 16:709</p>
<p>(12) copper armlet, diam 0.09, plain ends</p>
<p>(13) broken copper saucer, diam 0.12, ht 0.03 (see p4)</p>
<p>(14) shell ring</p>
<p>(15) fragment of bone pin</p>
<p>(16) beads (disordered) as follows: <strong>carnelian</strong> 3 spherical, 1 lentoid <strong>crystal</strong> 5 " <strong>agate</strong> 1 flat, thus [drawing (artifact: bead)] <strong>gold</strong>, 1 spherical, 1 cogged</p>
<p>(17) 1 crystal duck, shaped like a weight, but pierced for suspension, l 0.024</p>:
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<p>G175 (K.35) (1) 35 AH</p>
<p>Brick grave above chapel in NW extension of House I, abt 1.0 from surface.</p>
<p>Length 1.60 Wd 0.50 Brick-measurements 0.27 x 0.16 x 0.07 Orientation NE and SW.</p>
<p>Body (that of adolescent) disturbed by fall of bricks from roof, and bones decayed. Skull to NE and legs apparently flexed. Body lying on r side.</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong> (1) Whitish clay pot (see sketch, p.3)</p>
<p>(2) Beads thus:</p>
<p><strong>on chest</strong> String of ribbed double-conoids in green paste, thus: [drawing (artifact: bead) labeled: U:16724]</p>
<p><strong>On neck</strong> a) String of large carnelian balls U:16724 b) String of small beads, order preserved in part. See p.2 U:16727</p>:
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<p>G175 (K.35) (2) 35 AH</p>
<p><strong>Order of beads on neck</strong></p>
<p>String had separated into 3 parts, of uncertain relationship, thus:</p>
<p>a) 1 agate lentoid: 1 lapis bugle (broken): 1 yellow paste lentoid: 1 small carnelian ball: 1 agate lentoid: 1 green lentoid: 1 large carnelian lentoid: 1 lapis ring: 1 carnelian ring: 1 small green lentoid</p>
<p>b) 1 black and white flat bead: 1 small carnelian ball: 1 agate lentoid: 1 dark agate bugle: 1 carnelian ring: 1 pillow-shaped lapis: 1 carnelian cylinder: 1 large and 1 small carnelian lentoid.</p>
<p>c) 1 large pale green lentoid: 1 carnelian of shape thus - [drawing (artifact: bead)]: 1 carnelian lentoid: 2 crystal lentoids: 1 black lentoid: 1 irregu -lar carnelian: 1 flat green bead</p>
<p>Also loose unreliated beads of some of the above varieties, and 3 lapis beads in shape of animal's head(?) thus: [drawing (artifact: bead) labeled frogs!] and 1 gold ear-ring thus: [drawing (artifact: bead) labeled: U:16728]</p>
<p>4) <strong>At wrist</strong>: small string of large striated glass-paste balls (in poor condition) U:16725</p>:
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<p>G182 A p.1. AH</p>
<p>Simple inhumation, against footings of NE wall, in room on NW side of House XI.</p>
<p>Bones badly decayed: head to NW</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p><strong>(1) Stone bowl with lip (see sketch)</strong></p>
<p>(2)Pot of type XVI Ht 0.240 RC 73 rim 0.105</p>
<p>(3) White calcite cylinder-seal, l 0.037, scene: Deity with foot raised and 2 figures with hands raised, 1 on each side of figure with folded arms. Defaced inscription in 2 lines.</p>
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<p>G197 AH</p>
<p>inhumation, between G 161 and in House XIV</p>
<p>Bones disturbed</p>
<p>no objects</p>
<p>cf G161</p>
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<p>G26. AH</p>
<p>House I Room 10</p>
<p>[drawing (section: grave)]</p>
<p>Corbelled b.b. grave lying below floor level of period III immediately in front of the entrance & [therefore symbol] posterior to the brick grave & larnax burial</p>
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<p>G288 ?larsa AH</p>
<p>Inverted-pot burial, close to G287, be- low street-level of Narrow Lane.</p>
<p>Diam. of pot 0.46 Ht " " 0.34</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p>Child's bones, covered with a layer of sherds.</p>
<p>Yellow-buff clay pot, thus: Ht : 0.14 rim : 0.45 base: 0.070 [drawing 1:5 (artifact: pot)] very shapeless and irregular work variant of TYPE CXVIII =RC198a variant</p>
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<p>G289 AH</p>
<p>Inverted-pot burial below street-level in Narrow Lane -- abt 3.00 NE of G188 and on same level</p>
<p>diam of pot 0.42 ht " " 0.36</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p>Child's bones</p>
<p>Copper bracelet, plain circle, medium thickness. diam 0.047</p>
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<p>G290 AH</p>
<p>Double-pot burial below street-level in Narrow Lane -- abt 1.50 SW of G187 and on a slightly higher level</p>
<p>Both pots fragmentary. Overall length 0.70</p>
<p><strong>Contents</strong></p>
<p>Child's body crouched on l side, head NW.</p>
<p>No objects.</p>
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<p>gap filling
</p><p>747
757
770
774
782
</p><p>[bracket to right of above number list with text] [greek alpha symbol]E
</p>:
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<p>gothic grave Room A.H G.138</p>
<p>Ht 00 45 Rim 013 Base 004 (2) [drawing (artifact: pot)] =RC.26 XXXIV NB [?Imprinted?] . Possible indicate of IIIrd Dynasty. Yes</p>
<p>also 4 shell rings</p>:
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<p>grave 100 C.L.W. </p>
<p> G.91 </p>
<p>Clay larnax: NE x SW</p>
<p>bones in [?companion?] head at NE and [?] - pelvis on - top of it</p>
<p>W - body same [?strips?] of black [?stuff?] [?like?] a [?] [?]Â : [?apparently?] [?wool?] [?encased?] in [?leather?] (?) [picture below text, black strip]</p>
<p>[picture, map, graves labeled]</p>
<p>2) TYPE XVI RC73 [picture, pottery] drab clay, ht 029, rim 0205, base 006</p>:
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<p>Grave 104 C.L.W.</p>
<p>G.115</p>
<p>Inside, only an [?] [?] & one [?] reddish drab clay saucer = - pot [?] [?] [?] = [?body?] was</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled Larnax F ht 035, rim 060, base 045</p>:
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<p>Grave Square P.1 First Copper Coffin =P.1 KP
</p><p>A cut had been made slantwise through - burnt brick Kurigalzu wall & - sides o - cutting roughly lined w mixed & broken burnt bricks, marking a lined pit 085 wide : - ends were mixed sand & brick, 180 len, at a ht o 080. This was roofed over w brick.
-brick roof is quite flat & is merely made o brick o broken brick : this was supported originally b iron girders. An iron girder ran along - top o each o -long side walls : [?] an - S was poorly preserved, it was 010 wide, their (as far as preserved, but it rarely[?] width has flaked away) & w a curved section thus [Drawing] and - N side - iron had disappeared & only kept its impression in - mud over it. Probably wood was laid over this & made - roof proper.
On each side o - copper bin[?] was on - floor o - tomb chamber a layer o decayed wood from 012 to 016 deep. This was too much to be accounted for by - wood o - roof on - brick walls bin[?] was a very rough plaster- or rather a very thick mud plaster[?] had been used which had oozed out from between bricks & carved much o - face o - bricky wash: this mud came up to an absolutely smooth flat face & - my explanation for this is it - inside o - grave was paneled or, conversely - walls were built up against a square wooden coffin within which was - copper cist.
</p>
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<p>Great Courtyard Square. </p>
<p>Remains of 3 courses of [?late?] pavement in places considerably sunken doubtless owing to the fact that it was laid onto a deep stratum of soft earth filling. The pavements must be assigned to at least two if not to three periods </p>
<p>A.<strong>Top Pavement</strong> Very little of this remained - what was left on it ran chiefly in the direction of the (Nebuchadnezzar?) drain and <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[?]</span> immediately over it. Size of bricks 030 x 006 whitish and firable yet in bitumened matting</p>:
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<p>Great Courtyard Square</p>
<p>3 [in circle]</p>
<p>These had a coating of bitumen over matting intended as a bond between it and the pavement above. Possibly the closeness of levels between the 3 pavements is to be <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">Ex</span> accounted for by subsidence which necessitated continual [?undecipherable?]</p>
<p>NB Pavement B had in places subsided as much as 045 m</p>:
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<p>Group of 4 pots found against SE wall of great courtyard at N. end of KP - Pre-Kurigalzu
</p><p>(1) L 0245 [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel)] CXCII
</p><p>(2) same types [?] broken
</p><p>(3) L 176 peg shaped [?] [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel] CLIV (V)
</p><p>(4) HD 016 Common Type [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel)]
</p><p>Courtyard at back of Bur Sin altar [drawing (plan with inscription "5 pots")]
</p><p>(5) One [?] bowl [?] 0022
</p><p>Group of 5 Pots Kurigalzu? level a earlier W end of
KP in burnt brick chamber abutting on Temenos wall
chamber (1) L 030 [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel] (2)(3) Heavily rimmed [artifact (artifact: pottery vessel)] 4+(3)[?] Miniatures
</p>
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<p>H. 3 C 26 KP
</p><p>In - E corner o - room, by - blocked-up door o - early
period, was an inscribed hinge-stone. BurSin [= Amar-Sîn], E-gig-Par
It was not in a proper box but loose in - soil, though
presumably connected w - door.<br />
Also in - E corner under - broken angle o - SE wall
+ immediately below its burnt brick founds, tr was
bronze (?) dagger blade thus [drawing (artifact: dagger blade) 1/10] point broken, total length
018, tang 0045, greatest width 0045
U. 6615
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>H.D.
</p><p>Under the SE wall o - shrine room, following up -
Lars wall o - lower level, about 100 below -
Sinbalatsu-ikbi floor paving o room [blank space], & on the edge
o this room, a diorite head [U 3253; Woolley 1925, 370--371, pl. 35.2; ibd. 1974, 97, pl. 45 g.h] thus, ht 0085
</p><p>[drawing (artifact: figurine)] by it, a clay vase,
greenish ware
very poorly made
& irregular
ht 023
[drawing (artifact: pot)]
(a)
</p><p>+ Frs. of small tumbler-shaped vases
also v. roughly made
</p>
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<p>H/ Pg 777
</p><p>- Robbery o - tomb [therefore symbol] occurred not so very
long after - interment.
</p><p>- Stone walls o - longer chamber had been built
in concrete fashion between - side o - pit & a
wooden caisson, and this was probably true o -
NE chamber also though here - evidence was
not clear
</p>
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<p>House </strike>XXVII?</strike> XVII Room 9 G. 190 AH</p>
<p>Inside the grave</p>
<p>(1) Against chest lying in front of body a saucer of light drab baked clay Rim 015 Ht 0055 Base 0055 contained date stones [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: RC23 XLIII]</p>
<p>(2) Behind the head a vase of yellowish drab clay Rim 0065 Ht 012. Base 0015 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: ICXCII Larsa]</p>
<p>(3) Round neck a few beads carnelian lentoids & 1 granite lentoid</p>
<p>(4) Round leg a bangle circular, copper d. 007 gap of 0012 between ends</p>
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<p>House </strike>XXVII?</strike> XVII Room 9 G. 190.(3) AH</p>
<p>(7) Light Drab baked clay vase Rim 006 Ht 0185 Base 0015</p>
<p>555 [drawing (artifact: pot)] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CLIV =RC 54 variant but is it? cf BC. House 30/A</span></p>
<p>(8) greenish Drab clay. Ht 024 Type CVII RC 55</p>
<p>Pots 5-8 lay outside grave at head end</p>
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<p>HOUSE 15 CHURCH LANE (new) ROOM 5 G 141 AH RAIL HOUSE</p>
<p>070 below top course of footings in NE wall 085 below upper pavement level in room</p>
<p>in extreme N. corner of the house a child's larnax grave L 065 w 040 depth 035 - inverted [drawing (artifact: coffin)]</p>
<p>Outside the grave</p>
<p>(1) Vase of light drab baked clay [drawing (artifact: pot)[ ICLXXXVI [C is written backwards] Larsa IL 48</p>:
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<p>House 2 [written over I] AH G 48 / <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">Room (2)</span> House 2 Room 8 2 inscribed tablets found at the head of G 43 & G 48 For position cf sketch of G 43</p>
<p>Ribbed Larnax 1m. long. Below level of Pavement I. body flexed on left side</p>
<p>Around the Larnax a number of pots (1) Type XVI RC73 L drab clay</p>
<p>(2) Large oval Bellied type of G 47</p>
<p>1st Period</p>
<p>(3) A second type XVI.</p>
<p>(4) one type CVII with bossed end. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">Kassite</span> Ht 017 607/</p>
<p>founds of grave flush with 6th course of b.b.wall frm top</p>
<p>grave lay against rounded corner of [?court?].</p>:
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<p>House 27
</p><p>SCHOOL HOUSE A.H.
</p><p>Chapel
</p><p>Inhumation grave at SE end of the
chapel between SW wall and corbel
vaulted G. Small Pit 060 x 040
wide, 0.80 below b.b. pavement covered
by a few burnt bricks
</p><p>Body lay NW x SE Head SE
with it (1) vase of L Drab Baked
clay like G.141. (2) Ht 023
</p><p>(2) L. Drab Baked clay Ht 027
Rim 009
Base 0055 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: RC 76 Larsa]
</p>:
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<p>House 30/A
<b>Room 2</b> top level BC
</p><p>- division bet rooms 1 & 2 is a buttress o- Bursin
outer wall : roughly corresponding to this is a
projection fm - opposite (late) wall, wch however
is not bonded in to- wall But abuts on it & has
its founds 5 1/2 courses above - founds o- late wall
Just south o- old buttress is a second division :
a jamb starting at a depth o 4 1/2 courses below
- existing top o- BurSin wall rests on a further
8 courses o brickwork o wch^ <ins>the lower 5 courses</ins> were right across -
room & abut on- lowerst courses o- late
(NE) wall : in - face o- latter tr was no sign o
bonding at a higher level. Further to- S tr
was a projection fm - face o- late wall, a projection
o 2 bricks 5 courses fm - bottom, wch looked as
if a crosswall had been planned here : if it ever
were, it was destroyed by - larnax wch
occupied -S. corner.
</p>:
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<p>House 30/A
Room 2 top level BC
- Crosswall o - late period rested on earth,
an irregular layer about 030 thick : below
this came a mass o fallen brickwork, all o it
- bricks o- old construction w occasional stamps
o Bur Sin
</p><p>Under this fallen rubble, at this pt 080
thick, tr was against - SE wall, at a depth
o 200 fm - existing wall top, a pavement
o bricks set in mud mortar & thickly coated
above w bitumen. At 125 fm - SE wall
it broke away in a str. line & tr was a
drop o almost 020 w a fresh brick pavement
w no bitumen running on for 190, where
it too broke away : but 200 fm - SW wall
tr were remains seeming to shew t-
higher level pavement had run on over
- whole area & had [?severely?] sunk, - been
destroyed, over - main part o- room
</p>:
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<p>House 30/A top level BC (3) [drawing (plan: building, partial) labeled: measurements] Against - wall face o this house (inside) tr ran a st line o bricks set on edge w earth packing behind, probably a bench wch widened at - SW end</p>
<p>Below - pot burial, wch was empty, tr was a clay larnax [drawing (plan: grave, sketch, in relation with architectual drawing above) labeled: grave Larnax 130x050 Head SE] [drawing (plan: grave, sketch, circle representing another burial in architectural plan) labeled: Pot burial, Larnax at 080 below wall founds]</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 187 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">RC</span>] light drab clay ht 0075 rim 0045 diam 010</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 14 = RC76] Against - larnax drab clay ht 030 rim 011 base 009</p>:
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<p>House 30/B Top level BC
</p><p>- Original house was quite well built
& was paved in nearly every room. - Later
occupants made minor changes but usually
built in shoddy style over - old walls.
Under - courtyard (1) tr was a roughly
circular brick vertical drain or sump
belonging to - 1st period only, going right
down through - doorway o- BC building.
</p>:
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<p>House 30/B Top level BC
</p><p>footings projecting in - interior & were
battered on - outside, implying low ground
outside : - footings o- party wall bet.
rooms (2) & (5) ran <strike>[?prob?]</strike> flush w- footings
o- external walls but were only 1 course
deep, resting on- filling wch - external
walls contained.
</p><p>Under pavement o- courtyard (1) was a
<ins>(Room 2)</ins> <b>tablet of Gimil Sin</b>
</p><p>Room 3 was- staircase. 4 brick steps were
preserved running into - wall thickness &
behind - wall tr was a rubble foundation for
continuation o- flight, but it was difficult
to see how this continued as- wall seemed to
be an outside wall o- house : if it were
a courtyard beyond, - stairs might perhaps
h been external
</p><p>Room 4 had a good brick pavement & had
been cut through by - TW so t its size
was unknown _ Or cd well h been a larger
room & served as - liwan.
</p>:
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<p>House 30/B Top level BC
</p><p>In room (7) tr was a second pavement 020
below -pt & in -center o this, bet. -
jambs o- NE side, tr was - lower part o a
pot let into - floor as if for a surface
drain
</p><p>Room 9 has its pavement carefully raised
at - SW end (i.e. at - SW end where broken
off by TW). W a raised brick edging along
- edge o- raised part : just beyond this tr
was a larger pot sunk in - ground, its top
broken edge flush w a lower floor level, as if
for a drain or basin
</p><p>Room 7 bet. - 2 floor levels was a baked
tablet of Gimil Sin & a copper arrowhead
</p><p>To - NE o- house runs a street?. - Reveal
in - wall at - N corner wd shew t - space
without internal walls to - NW belonged to
- house & t [therefore symbol] - staircase cd h been taken
up on this side against - outer face o- wall
in wood.
</p>:
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<p>House 30/B Top level BC
</p><p>Tr were really 2 periods here but most o-
walls were reused in - 2nd period & for - most
part it was a matter o floor raising &
minor alterations rather than rebuilding
- Walls were o poor quality w a liberal use o
broken brick .& were thin, though some cd h
stood on upper story : - founds came right
down to - tops o- Dungi walls
</p><p>- Small court (1) was brick paved & was presumably
open to sky, - rooms opening out of it - Break
in - SE wall was patch work, probably - blocking
of a door to room (7), but in room (7) - floor was
at a higher level & belonged to - secondary
occupation - Rooms (5) & (6) were at - same high
level but - walls went deep & all belonged to-
early period
</p><p>Room (2) was clearly a chapel w niche & SE
pillar o burnt brick in - corner & under
- floor a brick grave & a pot burial : -
wall dividing it from room (5) was shallow
& <strike>o late date</strike> but was bonded into -NE
wall :- NE & NW walls had more solid
</p>:
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<p>House 30/B Top level BC</p>
<p>Bldng cut through by - TW. It was dated by a tablet found on an unbroken piece of brick pavement at pt F & was dated to Nur-Adad (U.16042) room 9</p>
<p>At <strong>A</strong> was an inhumation burial [drawing (plan: building) labeled: room numbers]</p>
<p>With it [drawing (artifact: labeled) labeled: 662 =IL.50] room 8 ht 043 rim 015 drab clay broken</p>
<p>a similar pot was found by itself under the floor at point G</p>:
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<p>House 30/B Top level BC</p>
<p>In - SE wall, embedded in- brickwork o- 2nd period, was a bronze object thus</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact)] labeled: l. 023</p>:
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<p>House 30/B Top level BC</p>
<p>Room 6 had a floor at high level but - main walls went down deep : it had a doorway to (7) & so through (7) by an early door (later bricked up) to (1) the courtyard.</p>
<p>Room 8 had had a brick pavement below wch were graves & drains</p>
<p>Room 9 had rather - appearance o an open court approached by - narrow passage o wch had at - NE (street) and end a gateway & threshhold leading up from street to inside level</p>
<p>In room 8, C & D were small pot burials both containing bones : B was part o a larnax grave by wch was one broken pot</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 669 = IL.82b] drab clay ht 030 rim 0105 base 008</p>:
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<p>House 30/B top level BC</p>
<p>Under - small paved court on - SE tr were pots & pot burials one large pot, empty, was too broken above to type Against - rectangular buttress o- BurSin bldng was a <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">double pot</span> burial under big frs. o large pots arranged as a rough substitute for a larnax. Over-head tr was dirt which preserved a remarkably clear impression o moderately fine cloth. W- bones nothing at all : by - head o- grave a drab clay pot ht 044 rim 014 base 010 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 19 RC174 = IL.114]</p>:
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<p>House 30/C BC
</p><p>In - small N room, under - floor, a
burial
</p>:
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<p>House 30/C BC</p>
<p>In - filling above Room 8 o - BurSin SE annexe were 2 small haematite duckweights & a small pink stone weight(?) & 2 tablets. By them was U.16280 a drab clay vase [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">652</span> RC 73 = IL.69a] ht 022 rim 011 base 006, and a second similar</p>
<p>Weights U.16280 Tablets</p>:
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<p>House 30/C Top level <strong>Larsa</strong> BC</p>
<p>Burial C</p>
<p>Larnax lying NExSWÂ : body on l. side head SW a pot - outside of it</p>
<p>(1) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled IL 83 675] drab clay ht 028 rim 011 base 009</p>
<p>2) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled IL 49 672] drab clay ht 042 rim 013</p>
<p>3) similar to (1) ht 031 drab clay, broken</p>
<p>In - grave some v. small ring beads, paste, & a shell handle (?)</p>:
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<p>House 4, Room 1, grave 4</p>
<p>2 jars mouth to mouth 130 x 070</p>
<p>160 from surface, under upper level foundations</p>
<p>No body inside</p>
<p>1) Beads above grave.</p>
<p>2) Haematite cylinder seal with beads, and</p>
<p>3) clay spindle whorl</p>
<p>4) pot [drawing (artifact: pot)] r. 007 l. 014 b. 0035</p>:
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<p>HOUSE <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">2</span> VIII G 75 A.H</p>
<p><Larsa Position. see sketch. G75 Inhumation grave of period <strong>II</strong></p>
<p>(1) behind head a number of shell rings U 16 354 with a few carnelian beads interspersed 1 shell, 1 carn, 1 shell</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 660] rim 015 Burnished brown U.16.356 <strong>Larsa</strong> Type <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCX</span> (2) A light drab clay vase type XVI = Rc73> Ht 023 </p>
<p>(3) A second similar to (2) XVI</p>
<p>(4) Beads. Lapis ball, carn bugle, lapis d. carn lion amulet agate barrel, lapis bugle, agate barrel U 16 353</p>
<p>(5) Bronze Fish Hook Ht 0043 U.16 355</p>
<p>Came Directly under footings of SW wall had cut away earlier mud footings</p>:
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<p>HOUSE <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">3</span> VIII A.H No 15 Church Lane G 75</p>
<p>Body was flexed and lay on its left side on well preserved matting which was overlaid with a coat of fine white cement to make a level base. The number of IIIrd dynasty indications was very interesting</p>
<p>([alpha]) Carnelian lion amulet - almost exactly similar to our find in BC</p>
<p>RC73 ([beta]) Pot types <strong>XVI</strong> also found in BC</p>
<p>([gamma]) Burnished bowl type (1)</p>
<p>([delta]) grave associated with level II fm which IIIrd dyn tablets were obtained.</p>
<p>([epsilon]) same room as bitumen pit which <strong>may</strong> prove to contain IIIrd dyn tablets</p>:
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<p>House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">3</span> VIII AH</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: building, partial) labeled with measurments and grave locations]</p>
<p>Larnax ribbed grave below b.b. pavement level. nothing inside - In room behind corbel. G.61. Period II</p>:
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<p>House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">X</span> XVIII</p>
<p>G 213 (3) A.H.</p>
<p>(4) Yellowish Drab Clay Ht 047 Rim 014 [Drawing (artifact: pot)] ICLXXXVII [C is written backwards] ? Larsa or Kassite</p>
<p>In filling over Gs 211-213</p>
<p>(1) Model b brick 008 x 005 x 003</p>
<p>(2) Perforated Whetstone Flat Ht 0075 Wt 004 Base 005 [Drawing (artifact: tool)] U.16.779</p>:
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<p>HOUSE AT END OF SHOP ST. G 159 A.H.</p>
<p>Later period of occupation corresponding to a threshold 070 above earlier b b pavement</p>
<p>Room against NE wall of house</p>
<p>chapel court at N. end of DIVISION ST</p>
<p>contained a number of childs graves.</p>
<p>(1) Bowl light drab clay Rim 022 Ht 0155 Base 010 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled CCXXVI] Larsa contained infants bones within</p>
<p>(2) A second bhilds burial against N wall Rim 034 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled CCXXVIIIÂ ?Larsa cf. G174 and G214]</p>
<p>(3) A third broken similar to (2) bowl thus [drawing (artifact: pot)] XXVI = RC 5b</p>:
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<p>House I
G.38 (2) AH
</p><p>Corbelled brick grave lying
under pavement of <strike>wall</strike> period
II Within it were 4 skulls and
confused bones and a number
of <b>Larsa</b> pot types
</p><p>(1) Type XVI
Rim 011
Ht 022
b. 006 [drawing (artifact: pot)] <ins>RC 73</ins>
</p>
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<p>House I AH G 35 Outside SE wall of room 5 [parallel sign] with G.34 same level a second larnax immediately against it. in it a <strong>bronze</strong> bowl shallow sides d 0125</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: metal vessel)] U 16.305</p>
<p>Flush with head a miniature yellowish drab clay vase Rim 0055 Ht 0095 Base 004</p>
<p><strong>ICLIX</strong> [C written backwards] [drawing (artifact: pot)] Larsa Type</p>
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<p>House I Court I G 47 AH =LG/27 see below</p>
<p>Larnax grave lying below pavement .b.b. of level IV in court of house I. grave lay NW x SE. in the cenre of the court</p>
<p>Top of grave 070 below pavement.</p>
<p>Head NW. Body of a woman(?) on right side. the pots laid outside the grave had cut away face of Mud Brick wall which ran NW x SE.</p>
<p>In the grave against the head (1) A <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">necklace</span> necklace of carnelian, glazed frit & agate <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">?lay?</span> beads</p>:
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<p>HOUSE IX G.85 (2) A.H. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">?court?</span> outside grave a number of L drab clay vases</p>
<p>(1) Type <strong>XVI</strong> RC 73 white drab clay Ht 0223</p>
<p>(2) Similar to (1)</p>
<p>(3) Type CVII <strong>Large boss bottomed</strong> type Ht 028. <strike?RC 54</strike> 607 L 400</p>
<p>(4) Similar to (3) Ht 025</p>
<p>(5) 0125, 0035, 0045 L. Drab Clay Saucer [drawing (artifact: pot)] CCXI = RC.3</p>
<p>Level of floor about 040 above level II of Street</p>:
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<p>House VII AH</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled:Â ?draw]</p>
<p>Base of a champagne vase. Ht 011 greenish drab clay found in [?burial?] room on pavement NW of court I house 7.</p>
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<p>House VIII G 78 (1) A.H.</p>
<p>An inhumation grave under floor level II - the grave had cut into m.b. footings of b.b. walls like G.75</p>
<p>(1) [drawing (artifact: pot)] clxxii yellowish drab clay</p>
<p>(2) (3) (4) Types CVII Hts 025. light drab clay RC 55</p>
<p>(5) 0145 0055 0055 [drawing (artifact: pot)] XXVI=RC5b</p>
<p>Body flexed head NE - on r side</p>:
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<p>House X G 55 (3) A.H.</p>
<p>(3) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: new L. 700] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">(?) RC76 variant</span> TYPE <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">XX</span></p>
<p>L. Drab Clay. Ht 0175 Rim 0095</p>
<p>The grave lay 020 below founds of the walls of the second period with which it was connected</p>:
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<p>House X G 58 (1) A.H.</p>
<p>Circular ribbed larnax.</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot] H Rim 070 Ht 060 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">draw</span></p>
<p>Same period & level as Gs 55-57</p>
<p>blocked up street NW end of House II</p>:
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<p>House X G.58. (2) A.H.</p>
<p>In the ribbed larnax several pots, All Yellowish Drab</p>
<p>(1) Type <strong>XVI</strong> <strong>RC73</strong> Ht 023 - Dates inside</p>
<p>(2) Type <strong>XIX</strong> Broken. Ht ? RC174</p>
<p>(3) <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">Large ovoid Type</span> Type XIX second example Rim 013 Ht 033</p>
<p>In the rubbish filling beneath G 58 one complete inscribed tablet rectangular contract 006 x 004 presumably older than the graves & contemp. with earlier occupation [?OB?] Independent fm Dating Evidence</p>:
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<p>HOUSE XI G.126 A A.H.</p>
<p>Larnax grave NW x SE in vault room of shop street A.H lay immediately below floor level II</p>
<p>L. 1m plain top</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: room partial) labeled with South arrow and grave location]</p>
<p>Outside grave under pavement</p>
<p>(1) L Drab Baked Clay Vase Ht 033. Rim 009</p>
<p>(2) L Drab Clay Vase Ht 047. Large ovoid Body Larsa type? [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: CVI Larsa]</p>
<p>(3) Beads at neck carnelian balls rings and barrels U.16.682</p>:
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<p>HOUSE XI G.126 A A.H.</p>
<p>Outside the larnax 2 miniature baked clay vases</p>
<p>(1) Rim 0045 Ht 0095 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CXXXVIII</span>] Larsa 136</p>
<p>(2) Bowl Rim 0065 Ht 004 Base 0022 L. drab Baked Clay Miniature [drawing 2:5 (artifact: pot)] draw ?Larsa 679 = L.18 cf. aU.26</p>:
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<p>HOUSE XIII G 137 [7 is written over 6] House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">14</span> A.H Room 6</p>
<p>(1) Inside the grave against revealed entrance - inverted Ht 038 rim 014 light drab clay vase with incised decoration [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 565] Larsa <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">cf. Types 586, 587</span> Type ICLXV [C is written backwards] U.17.081 =IL51b</p>
<p>Bricks blocking grave b.b. 035 sq x 008</p>
<p>Top of grave flush with 6th course up. of . b.b. founds SE wall</p>:
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<p>HOUSE XIII G 142 (2) A.H. ROOM 5</p>
<p>(1) Against front of the body Vase L drab Baked Clay Ht 0195 Rim 008 Base 006 with ring base [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: XIV = RC 76]</p>
<p>(2) Similar to (1) Ht 0188</p>:
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<p>HOUSE XIII G 142 House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">14</span> A.H. ROOM 5</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: coffin)]</p>
<p>Baked Clay Larnax ribbed l 1.2 w 085 Ht 053 NW x SE Head NW [parallel symbol] with G.141. Same level same direction probably contemporary. Body flexed lying on left side</p>:
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<p>HOUSE XIII G 167 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">H 14</span> AH</p>
<p>Circular ribbed ringed larnax - nothing inside Posterior to G 145 as it partly overlapped the entrance to the vault q.v.</p>
<p>Outside it broken pots</p>
<p>TYPE? [sketch (artifact: pot)] Prob RC 73 Larsa</p>:
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<p>House XIII G.166 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">House 14</span> AH Room 5</p>
<p>Larnax grave baked clay ribbed plain type l 1.2. w 065 ht 050 NW X SE. Head NW. Below main level II of house 14. Probably contemp with G. 142 - (Larsa)</p>
<p>No objects</p>
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<p>HOUSE XIII Room 6 G 137 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">House 14</span> A.H</p>
<p>(6)</p>
<p>Rim 015 Ht 0075 Base 016 [drawing (artifact: pot)] Larsa ICXC [first C written backwards]</p>
<p>Bowl Baked Clay - burnished brown also inside the grave</p>
<p>(7) Also a worked gold ball bead 1 agat, 2 carn. 1 lapis U.16.688</p>:
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<p>HOUSE XIII Room 6 G 137 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">House 14</span> A.H</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: room) labeled with measurements and grave locations G137 and G138]</p>
<p>Corbel vaulted grave L.1.5 w 070 Ht 1.1m</p>
<p>Lay presumably beneath pavement level II</p>
<p>contained 3 skeletons only one of which was in good undisturbed</p>:
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<p>HOUSE XIII Room 6 G 143 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">House 14</span> A.H.</p>
<p>(1) light drab baked clay vase Decorated and ribbed Ht 021 rim 0085 Base 009 TYPE. ICLXVI [C written backwards] U.17.082 [drawing (artifact: pot)] 2 vases found outside the larnax but between it and NW room wall ?Larsa or 3rd-Dyn.</p>
<p>(2) Light Drab Baked Clay vase Rim 009 Ht 0195 Base 0085 [drawing (artifact: pot)] ICLXXXIV [C written backwards]Â ?Larsa or 3rd Dyn.</p>
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<p>HOUSE XIII Room 6 G 168 H.14 AH</p>
<p>Rim 0175. Ht 005 Base 006</p>
<p>Larsa [drawing (artifact: pot)] CCLXXVII</p>
<p>Ribbed Baked Clay larnax under NW room wall of H.14 / probably earliest grave in the room <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">illegible</span> and outside it carinated l drab bowl sketched above. Also a tablet <strong>NB</strong> inscribed in rubbish level with base of the grave</p>:
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<p>HOUSE XIX G 194 House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">E</span> A.H</p>
<p>Under b.b. flor level II of courtyard a corbelled . b.b. grave in front of blocked entrance a number of pots</p>
<p>(1) Light Drab baked clay Rim 010 H5 0235 Type XVI = RC 73</p>
<p>(2) Ht 048 Rim 0155 Light Drab Clay [drawing (artifact: pot)] ICLXXXVI [C written backwards] variant Larsa</p>
<p>(3) similar to (2) Ht. 046</p>
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<p>HOUSE XVII ROOM (8) G 160 (2)</p>
<p>A. white Drab Baked Clay. diam 040</p>
<p>(1) Ht 018 Outside it a saucer of greenish drab baked clay contained lumps of bitumen Rim 017 Ht 0075 Base 0055 [drawing (artifact: pot)] XXVI = RC 5a</p>
<p>(2) similar to (1) Rim 017</p>
<p>B. Dimensions + type similar to A infant probably older than infant in A. skull larger + thicker. No objects</p>
<p>C. Rim 038 1 infant. No objects</p>
<p>POTS IN GOOD CONDITION. KEPT</p>
<p>D. Rim 031 Ht 019. Exceptionally small infant still born (?) skull of cigarette card thickness. No objects</p>
<p>E. Rim 040. One infant. No objects</p>
<p>F. Dimensions similar to E. One infant. no objects</p>
<p>G. Rim 036, One infant No objects</p>
<p>H. Similar to G. One infant. No objects</p>
<p>I Similar to H</p>
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<p>HOUSE XVIII A.H. G 172 House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">10</span> Room 2</p>
<p>Contained 1 carnelian ring bead with the infants body</p>
<p>NB The third infant burial G.170 in the same room contained nothing beyond the skeleton. Perhaps this was the grave of a boy (?)</p>
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<p>House XVIII A.H.</p>
<p>G 213. (2)</p>
<p>(1) Vase of l. Drab Clay Ht 027 Base 007 Rim Missing [Drawing (artifact: pot)] Larsa XIV = RC76</p>
<p>(2) Rim 015 Ht 004 Base 005 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CXCVI?</span> RC 23 [drawing (artifact: pot)] reddish drab clay saucer</p>
<p>(3) L. Drab Clay vase Ht 024 Same as G. 211. (1) ICCViii Larsa [first C is written backwards]</p>:
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<p>HOUSE XVIII G 211 (3) A.H.</p>
<p>The saucer (4) contained within it the following minature copper tools</p>
<p>U16.773 A-D</p>
<p>(5) Plain cutting blade with turned over tang L 0058 grtst w 0013 [drawing ~1:1 (artifact: tool)]</p>
<p>(6) Flat copper Blade thus - L.0064 [drawing 1:1 (artifact: tool)]</p>
<p>(7) Flat copper Blade L0067 grts w 0011 [drawing 1:1 (artifact: tool)]</p>
<p><strong>not RC types</strong></p>:
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<p>House XVIII G.212 (2) A.H</p>
<p>In the grave</p>
<p>(1) Against hands in front of body a shallow copper dish Rim 009 Base 009 Ht 001 U.16.770 [Drawing (artifact: pot)] <strong>not RC</strong></p>
<p>U 16.768 (2) Against the outside of (1) a number of haematite weights 17 in all. One broken in two pieces but complete, one incomplete, the rest complete</p>
<p>U.16.762 (3) A copper <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">ingot</span> CHISEL against one of the weights - actually connected with it [Drawing (artifact: tool)] l 006 w at ends 0018 <strong>not RC</strong></p>:
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<p>House XVIII G.212 (3) A.H.</p>
<p>U16.769 (4) Close to the weight one circular copper scale pan diam. 0045</p>:
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<p>HOUSE XVIII G.251 A.H</p>
<p>HOUSE <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">10</span> Room 2</p>
<p>Infant burial double inverted bowl Normal type Rim 035 Inside skeleton of 1 infant and (1) Bowl of light Drab baked clay Rim 017 Ht 005 Base 005 [drawing (artifact: pot)] CXXI=RC 3 ?Larsa</p>
<p>G252 Bones only</p>:
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<p>House XVIII Gs 171-173 House <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">10</span> AH</p>
<p>Resting on main pavement level II room x house 10. a number of infant burials consisting of baked clay bowls light drab in pairs, mouth to mouth - all were found broken. diams c. 040</p>
<p>TYPEÂ ?</p>
<p>Each contained the skeleton of 1 infant In the corner of the room against G. 171 a baked clay bowl - light drab carinated. Rim 013 Ht 004 Base 005 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 694] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCLXXVII</span> larsa</p>
<p>(2) Inside G.171 A pair of bone finger rings d 0024</p>
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<p>House XXIV</p>
<p>47 A. AH</p>
<p>In rubbish beneath filling of level II extreme SW. end of A.H. and [therefore symbol] presumably pre-Kurigalzu see evidence elsewhere 2 vases, one baked clay, the other of glass paste. The 2 vases actually lay 050 below the founds of b. b. walling of level II</p>
<p>(1) Light-Drab Baked clay. Rim 007. Ht 018 Base 004</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)]</p>:
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<p>In Sq S. Harbour CLW</p>
<p>here - back o - same wall was found resting at a depth o 180 [?on?] mixed rubble wch sloped steeply down to - NE: clearly this was - ? on wch - ? wall was burnt. Cleaner sand ? ? came below rubbish at 270</p>
<p>Opposite this pt ? (? to 3rd post) - character o part o wall changed & instead o being vertical as ? it had a pronounced [?latter?] o 50 [?m?] 60 vetical : it wd appear t here - wall was apast water.</p>
<p>- Lip o battered wall was followed continuously to Sq (480 sort o post q) when it turned sharply inland w - same irregular sloping face for a wall end : 430 beyond - same post tr was again a sloping wall end & - wall ran right on. In gap ? found tr was a mass o brick[wale?] wch at first we look to be same wall, - narrow gaps those found by - action o rain floods : but - bricks in it were o a different colour fm these o - quay wall proper & lay not flat as in - quay wall but at odd</p>:
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<p>Inscribed <b>stone</b> and ivory
has been divided:
objects taken by Baghdad
marked <b>B</b> in catalogue.
</p><p><b>Cones</b> already published
have been divided: those
taken by Baghdad marked
<b>B</b> in catalogue.
</p><p>Other <b>Cones</b> and all other
<b>clay</b> material to London
for the present.
</p><p>Of Bricks entered in
this catalogue
U 7704, 7708, 7715, 7823,
7824, 7815. are going
home: rest left at Ur.
</p>
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<p>IX
<ins>DP-3 (I) [? ? tomb?]</ins>
feet [drawing, with labels]
DP. 8. Nose Ring
<b>group</b>
DP.1. Dirt perforated
[?] glazed frit floor
01 thick at top
02 thick
Pot grave containing skull in poor condition, traces of [?] cloth
underneath, corroded and black, child's grave
</p>:
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<p>J 3, NE end of square C 26 KP
</p><p>Below - level or just on - level, o - bitumen floor
but SW o - line where it ends, + on - level o - brick
founds o - SE wall, was a black + white granite
[on the margin: UR R1. No 24] cup, broken + incomplete, w inscription o NaramSin
Close to this was a fine white cylinder seal, inscribed,
at - same level U 6613
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>J 5 C 21 KP
</p><p>Forecourt to Sanctuary
</p><p>In this part tr were found many frs. o alabaster vases + oolite bowl o Ur Engur [= Ur-Namma] U 6366 UR: RI. No. 34
Also [blank space]
</p>
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<p>J 7 C 23 KP
</p><p>Objects<br />
(1) doorpole (?) with copper binding<br />
(2) statue base of Ningal (Enanatum)<br />
(3) hinge-hole. In his were found copper nails w large heads 0035 diam + 004 large, a lot of wood, mostly carbonised, some palmwood + the rest doubtful Also a tablet, broken religious text<br />
(4), (5) box + lid, respectively, of black stone burnt + broken but complete 0195 x 014 x 009 U 6786
(6) fragments of Larsa shallow bowl of black stone, broken.
(7) fragments of limestone fig. of seated bull U. 6614
</p><p>[struck through]
</p><p>[drawing (plan: walls and find spots of objects]
</p>
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<p>Jan 15
</p>
<hr />
<p>Round flat bowl, Pre Kass Poss. Larsa
found in square burnt brick [?corridor?]
[?ghanun?]
against SW. Larsa building wall with 4
tablets & 2 chipped tablets
</p>
<hr />
<p>White Alabaster vase frag fm [?long room?]
[?Larsa?] - [?was?] 3rd D. [?Sand?] of [?Swing?]
& tablet
</p>:
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<p>Jan. 13th KP.<br /> [drawing (artifact: pot)] Top level<br /> found in Larsa doorway close to TWC off framing wall.</p>
<p>2 distinct types of Neo Bab pots found close to M (B) wall running NW by SE + joining up KP + KPS.<br /> A) Common type [drawing (artifact: pot)]<br /> B)Also common [drawing (artifact: pot)] [drawing (artifact: pot)]<br /> mud 020<br /> C) Type CXCVI mud 015 x 027 </p>
<p>Neo Bab [drawing (artifact: pot)] Big pot below surface<br /> Neo Bab by bitumen [?well?] through KP [?KPS?]<br /> jar ht 010 [drawing (artifact: pot)] with flat [?bowl?] of [?conoid?] [?ly?] [drawing (artifact: pot)]</p>:
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<p>K.P.S.C </p>
<p>At S. end of furnace in loose soil just below surface was found a broken inscribed brick. </p>
<p>A N end of kiln about 1.3m away running in same direction as kiln but a little further removed from the earlier mud brick retaining wall was a burnt brick wall running NNW by SSE size of 18 x 28 x 3 1/2 this had at its S end close to the furnace projection running out 030m from the wall which may have been a doorway. Alongside the N face of the projection a small larnax grave about 065 long in which were found the ashes of a cremation burial, lumps of bitumen being also found inside the larnax. At N end of the wall against which the grave was found was a cross wall also of burnt brick length joining up another burnt brick wall running NNW by SSE parallel with the first wall described. In the lower soil below the surface between these walls was found standing with its head in the earth an inscribed clay foundation cone. Also a collection of loose bronze nails some 50 in number and a stamped clay fragment with the representation of a nude woman woman upon it. A number of fragments of a copper vase were also found in the same spot.</p>:
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<p>K.P.S<br /> C </p>
<p>At E. end of KPS just below surface a layer of bitumen and in it a small clay jug type common on this site ? with and full of bitumen half only found. <br /> Broken glazed jug found 1 m below top level soil close to battered burnt brick wall running NE by SW. Size of bricks 025 x 0165 x 006 </p>
<p>Â </p>
<p>Â </p>
<p>At S. end close to mud brick wall running W by E fragment of a red glazed foot </p>
<p><br /> About 2 m below surface soil against a burnt brick erection running NE by SW. large bricks ranging in size, inscribed clay tablet - Neo Babylonian. Burnt brick erection runs off from the Neo-Bab mud wall running NW by SE, KPS. C</p>:
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<p>Kassite House Sites
</p><p>v. also notes KPS
</p>
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<p>KP
</p><p>From water tanks underneath Kurigalzu walls at
N end of the building many Larsa
</p><p>[alpha] [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel] II
</p><p>[beta] Type XLIX [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel] Fragments form base only Ring bases from 006&005
</p><p>[gamma] Flat Bowl [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel] wd 032 ht 006
</p><p>[delta] Painted vase [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel]
</p><p>[epsilon] Flat Bowl coomon Type [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel] wd 011 ht 004
</p><p>[zeta] [drawing (artifact: 2 pottery vessels] ht 006 [?] 005 wd 012
</p><p>[eta] [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel] wd 014 ht 006 [?] 005
</p><p>[drawing (artifact: pottery vessel)] base 008 + frag [?] [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel)]
</p>
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<p>KP
</p><p>[Drawing, artifact]
</p><p>Against SW face of Larsa [?corbelled?] tomb. S end of KP. and 017 Larsa [?flat bed?] common type.
</p><p>Type XLIX found against SW face of 3rd S. [?temenos?] wall close to 3rd S. drain against which 1st S. wright [?tomes?] found, but these 3 pots were appropriately on a level with the Larsa passage
</p><p>[Drawing, artifact: vase]
</p><p><br />
Feb. 13th.<br />
</p><p>In [?connection?] with mud brick walls in NE side of Kurigalzu
heavy blocks adjoining shutter was blue Granite miniature find of III Dyna. was found also & heavy bronze pin [drawing, artifact]
</p><p>see over
</p>
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<p>KPS C.<br /> At SE end of KPS.C. close to the long mud brick retaining wall of this building was found <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[undecipherable]</span> just below the surface a layer of bitumen about 025 thick, <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">the</span>creating a rectangular area 1.3 x 080 m. In the bitumen coating was found a broken jar full with bitumen and partially coated with it on the outside. Jar [sketch of jar] common type in KPS upper level. On cutting through the bitumen a rectangular kiln of burnt brick about 1.3 x .8m was found. The burnt bricks in the wall were unusually bulky and of irregular dimensions. In the middle of the NW wall was an <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[undecipherable]</span> opening this [sketch of opening] base <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">of</span> 035 m with ... piece at top 008 in heighth. The corners of this and of the kiln were rounded. The opening in this N wall was probably a draught inlet. Depth of kiln to bottom level of burnt brick 1 m.<br /> Plan [bullet-shaped sketch surrounds most of the next two lines]</p>
<dl><dd>Two upper courses of the burnt brick [undecipherable]</dd><dd>coated with bitumen </dd></dl><p>At SE end of the kiln in the loose soil outside of the S wall was found just below surface an inscribed burnt brick.</p>:
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<p>KPS.<br /> C.</p>
<p>At SE end of KPS.C. close to the long mud brick retaining wall of the buildings on this site, running NW by SE was found just below surface a layer of bitumen about 025m thick. In the bitumen was found half a clay pot of the small squat type common in upper level of KPS. This <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[undecipherable]</span> broken pot was clogged with bitumen on the inside and had a thin crust of it on the outside lid. On removing the bitumen a rectangular erection 1.3 x .8 in hollow inside was found. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">The burnt bricks of [undecipherable]</span> The erection lay NNE by SSW but it was not quite flush with the long mud wall alongside of which it was found, its N corner being only 038m away from the mud wall and its E corner 080m. The burnt bricks in this erection were unusually bulky and of irregular dimensions, the two upper layers were coated with bitumen. In the N. wall was <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> found </span> an arched opening</p>
<p>[sketch of arched opening]</p>
<p>This makes it most probably that the erection in question was a furnace with its stoke hole in the N wall. Ht of <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">arch</span> opening 045m w of base 040. Top of opening was 030 below top course of burnt bricks and base 030 above foundation of furnace walls. Total depth of furnace about 1.1m</p>:
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<p>KPS<br /> C.</p>
<p>At N end of kiln about 1m from it a burnt brick erection running NW by SE size 7 bricks 18 x 28 x 9 1/2. This had at its SE close to the kiln a projection and lying against the side of the projection NE by SW was a Lamax grave to be described later. At NW end a cross wall also of burnt brick 1.15 wide <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> marking </span> bonding the loose soil between these walls was found an inscribed clay foundation cone standing on its head in the earth. Also a collection of loose bronze nails some 50 in number and a clay fragment stamped nude warrior are of good workmanship. Inside the Lamax grave lumps of bitumen and charred remains of probably a cremation burial.</p>:
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<p>Kurigalzu. ZT Ningal temple
</p><p>?
L.57c [drawing (artifact: pot under pavement)] f
</p><p>Just below Kurigalzu floor in - W. corner
o - sanctuary was a big jar inverted in -
ground: rim 030 ht circ 090 (bottom gone)
diam <strike>0065</strike> 065. Probably a shallow drain
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>:
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<p>L C.L.W. </p>
<p> G.110 </p>
<p>6) Rim 010 Ht 028 Base 0075</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled 663 light drab baked clay ]</p>
<p>7) 016,007,0055 Ht, L, Base</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labled RC23]</p>:
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<p>L C.L.W. </p>
<p> G.72 </p>
<p>This was probably the fringe commonly represented on the monument of the [?Gudex?] period</p>
<p>1) Outside the grave a [?vase?] of light drab clay. Type Ht 050 Rim 015</p>
<p>Type</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled 587, TYPE]</p>
<p>2) Ht 0335 Rim 010 Base 006. Light greenish drab clay</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled TYPE XVI, AC73]</p>:
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<p>L CLW </p>
<p> G.117 </p>
<p>3) Ht 027. Rim 0105. Base 010</p>
<p>[picture, pottery, labeled 667]</p>
<p>4) On the arm a copper bangle, circular in section [d]007</p>
<p>5) A miniature copper bowl. flattened hemispherical. In poor condition. Rim 011</p>:
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<p>L CLW </p>
<p> G.117 </p>
<p>[picture, grave; labeled Larnax B]</p>
<p>1.3-1.4m below pavement level and oral ribbed Larnax grave and outside it baked clay vases</p>
<p> 587, RC226 1) Light drab Ht 050 TYPE CCXIV</p>
<p>2) Pinkish drab Ht 0215 TYPE XX</p>:
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<p>L G.110 </p>
<p> C.L.W. </p>
<p>Baked clay ribbed Larnax below floor level with footings mud brick wall founds. In and around it a number of Larsa baked clay vases. 1) Rim 0085 Ht 026 Base 0035</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled 666]</p>
<p>2) Rim 014 Ht 0195 Base 006</p>
<p>3) Same as 1)</p>
<p>[picture, right; labeled TYPE CCXXX = RC226]</p>
<p>4) Ht 023</p>
<p>5) Similar 4)</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled TYPE XVI, 588]</p>:
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<p>L G.114 </p>
<p>Same room as G.112 & 113 a ribbed baked clay jar ht 065, d. 070, base 027</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled Lamax H. G]</p>
<p>On its side flush with wall founds. [?close?] by a yellowish drab baked clay vase Ht 049 rim 013. Big Type CCXIV 586 Larsa</p>:
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<p>L G.117 </p>
<p>grave lay NE ExW Head W. Burt brick in adjoining walls 026x017x007 Larsa</p>
<p>[picture, map]</p>:
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<p>L (3) C.L.W. </p>
<p> G.72 </p>
<p>At the neck</p>
<pre> 4 3) Minute ring beads forming a dog collar
</pre>
<p>4.15, 404 4) A necklace consisting of a few larger beads. Carnelian, [?agalic?] balls & barrels and a gold double [?c...?] with circular ends [picture, necklace piece]</p>
<p>Burnt bricks 0275x018x007 & 027x017x007</p>
<p>yellowish Larsa type</p>
<p>Stepped [?founds?]. 2 [?comses?] deep pavement above them 1 [comse] higher walls [?bonded?]</p>:
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<p>L C.L.W.</p>
<p> G.114 </p>
<p>Inside the ribbed pot a vase L drab clay</p>
<p>1) Ht 023</p>
<p>[picture, potter; labeled 676]</p>
<p>2) Ht 021 L drab clay Type CVII = RC55 rim 007 [picture, pottery]</p>
<p>3) Outside it a reddish drab baked clay vase same as G.110 [(?)] 666 </p>
<p>Skeleton of a young person within</p>:
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<p>L. 4-5 KP
</p><p>room SW of the small second chapel next to sanctuary
</p><p>Near floor level, Larsa period, a complete mud
casket thus, dark brownish clay w white-filled
incised + [?] decoration ht 009 width 0075 [drawing (artifact: rectangular vessel)] U. 6812
</p><p>also a small clay [?] ht 0083 rim 0043 thus [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel)]
</p><p>and a number of clay tablets
</p><p>Gig par ku Room C 31
</p><p>37
</p>
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<p>Larsa
EM
Closed way. At right angles to G.30 a trough
grave of mud brick with remains of a covering
of burnt brick. Bones in very poor condition.
In the grave a pot, black clay, burnished.
?draw [drawing (artifact: pot)] wd 0185
</p><p>Loose in soil against NE by SW big division wall of EM
a brick of Bur Sin? Frag.
</p><p><b>Larsa level</b>, loose soil NE side EM (1) Type <b>CCXIV</b> RC56
[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: RC56]
</p><p>(2) Type <b>XVII</b>. <ins>type drawing and card missing:
presumably it is identical with 286. See U.7536</ins>
[drawing (artifact:pot) labeled CCLXXXVI]
</p><p>(3) Flat Bowl
[drawing (artifact:pot) Labeled RC21]
</p><p>(4) Broken
[drawing (artifact:pot) Labeled ?RC132b]
</p><p>(5) Clay Dish Part of
chariot wheel wd 017
[drawing (artifact: model)]
</p><p>Outside G 27 Corbel Brick g empty & terracotta/
</p>
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<p>Larsa BC Against - outer face o- NW side o- Bur Sin addition, on - level o its footing, was a small grave in matting lying SWxNE head SW 1) At - foot were 2 carinated -rim saucers ht 0055 rim 015 base 005 one inside - other, -lower containing some very small bird (?) bones [drawing (artifact, urn) labeled 665] ht 035 rim 011 base 010 light red clay 2) at - head 3) by- head frs o a third saucer like (1) [drawing (artifact: bowl) labeled 1 and 3, 55]</p>:
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<p>Larsa EM [drawing (artifact)] [Lamax?] grave NE side of EM mound lying N by E floor B it were found x number of miniature pots</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact:pot) Label:Â ?RC 23] md 008 ht 0025, bd 0035 all apparently Larsa adjoining the [?Lamax?] grave were the <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> Three </span> two types XX RC226 & already noted.</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact:pot) Label: RC21] G.14 & Types CVII RC55 & XVI 73 & appear together</p>:
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<p>Larsa Houses <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">Kassite Houses</span></p>
<p>cf. also TW/34 (Kassitic)</p>
<p>(CLW) notes</p>
<p>in Town Wall series</p>:
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<p>larsa School House G.298 CHAPEL A.H.</p>
<p>040 Below Pavement level an inhumation grave Body in very poor condition lay ExW Head E. Between SW wall of the chapel and SW wall of corbel vaulted grave in the middle of the room</p>
<p>Bones in very poor condition</p>
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<p>LG94 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">P 185</span> G 67 A.H <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">LG94</span></p>
<p>(6) Behind head a vase of l drab clay</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 653] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> cf. aU.25</span> ?draw new IL.15</p>
<p>(7) A second vase of l. drab clay Rim 0205 Ht 0075 B 008</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] 274 IL.35 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCCLXXVIIÂ ? This = all 8</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">illegible</span> cclxxiv, a Larsa bowl</p>:
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<p>M/1 82 76[struck through] KP
</p><p>NE wall: - burnt brick is earlier work re-used
probably Larsa or Kurigalzu : it has been partly
razed + may h served as a bench slightly above floor
level in - early M period _ in - later M period
it seems to h been below floor level + room [?then?]
[?ex...ded?] w - main containing wall.
</p><p>- NW wall, patch work o mud + burnt brick, [?] of
period M (A) incorporating earlier work.
</p><p>SW wall; M (A) w M (B) above : - doorway belongs
to - latter only : - top part o - wall (M B) is a
patchwork o mud + burnt brick + door not bond in
to - side walls
</p><p>SE wall : M (A), main containing wall.
</p><p>Floor level of M (B) gone but judging by - threshold
o - doorway in SW wall was well above - level o -
remains o burnt brick work.
</p><p>Floor level o M (A), mud, not v. certain but apparently
010 below - top o - burnt brick work where this had been
pulled down.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>M/11 (2) 70 KP
</p><p>suggesting t- along this wall [?] tr had been later
in - M (B) time a mud kisu.
</p><p>SW. wall : all M (B). Doorway to M/18 with burnt
brick threshold. Mud bricks 034 x 028 x 011-010. For
a distance of 190 from - W corner tr was out a
kisu 035 thick made o mud bricks 034 sq set
on edge w a mud filling behind.
</p><p>SE Wall. In - S corner tr - door to M/10 tr on a kisu formed
as above w a facing o burnt bricks (035 sq) +
mud bricks [?] : 035 thick. This
probably continued to - E corner but was destroyed.
- wall itself is o - M (A) time, running over a
Larsa wall. Door to M/10 has [?] wide threshold.
</p><p>- Drain is o bricks 030-029 x 020-019 x 0075
with inside 017, ht 015, 2 courses to sides, single
cover brick. Slope is to NE from SW.
</p><p>In - middle o - court is a pottery drain coming from a
surface building later than M (B) now wholly
perished. Present top 275 above Larsa floor, 175 above
M (A) floor, 140 above M (B) floor.
</p>
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<p>M/11 (3) 70 KP
</p><p>In - S. corner low down tr was proof t- - Larsa
building had been destroyed by fire : from - existing
top o - Larsa wall a heavy bed o burnt ash sloped
down, getting thicker, to - Larsa pavement, w brick
rubbish below + above it. Tr was a lot o wood
ash in all - lower filling o - court.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>M/11 70 KP
</p><p>Larsa courtyard
</p><p>NE wall : - M (A) wall w its burnt brick founds ran along
past - drain to - Larsa masonry pier + tr stopped; it
definitely did not continue at all beyond - pier.
- evidence in this side o - wall seemed to shew t- -
drain was M (A), not M (B) period. It ran below
- unbroken brick threshold o - orig. door, [?on?] wch 2 (or
3?) courses o brick had been laid w [?adapt?] - level
tr - M (B) flooring : moreover - wall shewd no signs
o big [?] by - drain constructions. In - E corner tr
was an L-shaped piece o burnt brickwork 2
courses high laid against - plastered wall face : this
was prob. - foundation for a second kisu such as si
preserved along - SE wall, q. v. - Doorway w M/8
was on - M (B) level, no trace of M (A) wall here.
</p><p>NW wall. All M (B): mudbricks w no burnt brick
founds. Against - wall in - N end tr was a rectangle
o burnt brickwork 3 courses deep, at M (B) level
but rising above - floor, wch might h been a foundation
for a hearth or a platform for some heavy object.
In - W corner was preserved - patch o - M (B) paving
v. rough, made of broken bricks o all sizes
its edge was 045 from - wall face, this
</p>
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<p>M/12 69 KP
</p><p>Nothing of interest. - [?] dividing wall bet.
this room + M/13 is not bonded in to - side wals + its founds lie higher.
</p><p>M/13 66
</p><p>NE. wall as above
</p><p>NW wall is a [?muddle?]. At - N end - wall from
M/12 runs on + abuts against a wall running NWxSE
wch continues outside - building to - NW + seems to
h been hacked away when M/13 was laid out . This
wall in turn is built up against a wall o mud
brick on burnt brick founds ; apparently o - M (A)
period, + this too seems to h been hacked short,
E o this tr is some v rough walling in mud,
more plastering [?] building.
</p><p>SE wall + - SW wall are both good in style + tr
founds go fairly deep.
</p><p>Tr is one small door at - E end o - NE wall
on wht appears to be floor level (judging by marks
on - wall face) tr are against - NW + SW walls 2
small structures each made o 2 sets o 2 bricks
each, (one on - other) 015 apart : [?] suggest latrines
but might have been anything
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>M/14, M/17 79-80 74[struck through] KP
</p><p>Clearly a courtyard outside - house proper.
</p><p>- SE wall, - containing wall o - whole building, had been
for - most part destroyed by a large circular [?canstore?]
o burnt brick belonging to a later (Persian?) period.
Bet. this wall + M/15 tr was a recess o - courtyard
running back to M/[blank], v. much ruined + its walls hardly
distinguishable. In - floor o this tr was a rectangular pit
[?sunk?] (in - brickwork o - earlier wall ?) + apparently cut
into pre existing brickwork rather than brick lined.
It was 1.60 deep, + presumably was a [?] pit.
</p><p>NB. Unde M/17 were walls + a doorway o -
Larsa building : in a hole by - door (? the gate socket
box?) were found a number of tablets.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>M/15 79 KP
</p><p>All walls are M (A) except - SW wall wch is M (B), - SW has no burnt
brick founds, is not bonded into - SE wall + for most
part rests on Larsa brick work, as does - NW wall
</p><p>Floor (mud) destroyed.
</p><p>- Mud plaster on - SE wall is in this room o [?]
thickness, not as in M/4.
</p><p>75
</p><p>M/16 All walls M (A) except apparently - SW wall (M B)
No floor left but levels shewn by thresholds.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>M/2 ? C 18 KP
</p><p>Below - brick pavement o - NE end o - room was
found a fr. of an alabaster stela with relief
on obverse + traces of inscription on reverse
thus U. 6612 [drawing (artifact: fragmentary object with relief 2/5]
</p><p>Vol IV pl. 93
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>M/5 81 75[struck through] KP
</p><p>All walls o M (A) date.
</p><p>Mud floor laid over - stump o - old wall wch runs
below - whole length o - room. In - N corner a low
rectangle o burnt brick, one brick high, seems to
h been a sort o bench. Close to this tr was a
circular hole sunk in - mud brick work o -
underlying wall, perhaps a post hole.
</p><p>- projection from - NW wall shewn in - plan was o M (B) date.
</p><p>Beyond this, traces o timber construction in -
wall, see separate page. This lay as [?nearly?] as
possible at the M (A) floor level, but tr was below it
brick work wch seemed to be M (A), so t- - timber work
may belong to t- period + - remains [?] those o -
cross wall [?] M/5 to - SW.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>M/7 72 KP
</p><p>NE Wall: 3 [?corners?] burnt brick & 4 o mud brick
remain from M(A): over this are founds. containing
a few broken bricks of 4 [?corners?] mud brick to M(B)
-Drain lies rather above founds. o M(A) <strike> but is above plaster line [undecipherable] M(A) wall, [undecipherable] above M(B) apparently o same plaster as its [undecipherable] [rest of sentence undecipherable] </strike>: but as to E o it is mud plaster intact on [undecipherable] c. M(A) level almost on level o- bottom o- drain, -latter must me an addition, <strike> even if it is to be [rest of sentence undecipherable] </strike>. No M(A) brickwork can be distinguished N o- drain, but this seems to come against- end o- M(A) wall:
</p><p>NW Wall: No M(A) brickwork: M(B) founds. on same line of [undecipherable] W corner a patch left o- M(B) pavement made of broken bricks re-work[ed]; it lies just anove level w drain or, allowing for cover stones, flush with it.
</p><p>SW Wall: W o- drain no signs. MA building, though brickwork founds. for S corner [undecipherable] go past S side o- drain. [undecipherable] is M(B) only.
</p><p>SE Wall: brickwork founds. resting on Larsa masonry door o brick persists.
</p>
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<p>M/7 <strike> 65 </strike> 72 KP
</p><p>NE Wall: 3 [?corners?] burnt brick & 4 o mud brick
remain from M(A): over this are founds. containing
a few broken bricks of 4 [?corners?] mud brick to M(B)
-Drain lies rather above founds. o M(A) <strike> but [undecipherable]& above plaster line near M(A) wall, and [therefore symbol] above M(B) apparently o - same period as its [?roofing?] brick
floor level
lines up with mud brick wash </strike>: but as to - E o it th is mud plaster intact on - face o- M(A) wall almost on level o- bottom o- drain, -latter must me an addition, <strike> even if it is to be reckoned by M(A) period citadel</strike>. No M(A) brickwork can be distinguished N o- drain, but this seems to come against- end o- M(A) wall:
</p><p>NW Wall: No M(A) brickwork: M(B) founds. on same line of in - W corner a patch left o- M(B) pavement made of broken bricks re-work[ed]; it lies just above level w drain or, allowing for cover stones, flush with it.
</p><p>SW Wall: W o- drain no signs. MA building, though burnt brick founds. fm S corner [therefore symbol] go past S side o- drain. Doorway is M(B) only.
</p><p>SE Wall: burnt brick founds. resting on Larsa masonry door o both periods.
</p>
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<p>M/8 69 KP
</p><p>All walls except - NE are M (B) only.
</p><p>- NE wall jumps up + runs over - top o - Larsa gate
jamb + above t- is destroyed below M (B) floor
level : only a bit [?M?] o - middle o it tr is a
rectangular o burnt brickwork wch probably represents a
doorway through - NE wall.
</p><p>- NW wall is entirely destroyed : it presumably
continued on - line o - NW wall o M/12
</p><p>SW wall : tr seems to h been a doorway into M/12,
but - wall is ruined virtually to floor level. - Door
to M/11 is well preserved w burnt brick sill.
</p><p>SE wall : - founds are [?]
+ - wall looks better constructed than - SW. - [?Worst?]
part o - SW wall is t- dividing M/8 from M/12 : up
to this pt - wall has deeper founds + is of better
quality + - mud brick line denoting floor level runs only
to this pt : then tr is a break + - founds o - W
section go 4 courses higher, + what tr is o - last
section does not bond in to - former.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>M/9 (71)[struck through] C 10 78 KP
</p><p>All wall of - M (A) period
</p><p>NE wall all M (A) with mud founds only, +
- door blocked in M (B) : 5 courses below threshold
level. Below middle o - wall a large pot. - Bottom
course comes 025 above - burnt brick floor + rests on
rubbish.
</p><p>NW wall, mud brick over 4 courses o burnt brick founds, runs along but is narrower than
- Larsa burnt brick wall : W o - doorway its mud
brick rests directly on - Larsa wall stumps.
</p><p>SW wall : no burnt brick founds : bottom course o
mud brick 035 above pavement, resting on rubbish :
bonded in to NW wall.
</p><p>SE wall. - old Larsa burnt brick wall heavily
mud plastered. - peculiar part about this is t-
- mud plaster goes down below - floor o - M (A) room
to - brick pavement : it was in this plaster t- -
WaradSin cone was found in situ; yet - same
plaster is carried up above - M (A) floor level
(wch was a mud floor 075-085 above - pavement)
+ no break in it cd be seen. - Old Larsa wall
had given + was leaning sharply forwards : -
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>M/9 C 10 KP
</p><p>followed - curve o its outline. A line o bricks
raised above pavement level ran round - curve o -
spoon + str. to - SE wall under - mud plaster,
[?forming?] at - end o - spoon a low raised [?]
- Construction seems to continue under - M(A) wall
on - NE [struck through]
</p><p><br />
</p><p>Another feature was a line o bricks running halfway
across - pavement towards - SW end o - room,
apparently a screen o - Larsa period. [struck through]
</p>
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<p>M/9 C 10 KP
</p><p>mud plaster was brought to a straight [?]
+ so was thinner below than above
</p><p>- Pavement was o burnt bricks 025 x 017
In - E corner tr was a peculiar feature :
spoon shaped furnace : - neck had been apparently arched over w mud brick [drawing (plan and section of feature]
or something,
- interior was clear but - upper part shewed signs o burning + tr was a
good deal o ash + burnt earth [?round?] it : if tr was a
fire it must h been more or less at pavement level +
- pit was for [?draught?]. - Mud plaster o - wall was
brought down to - edge o - pit in a solid mass wch
</p>
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<p>Metal Vessels Type 14
</p><p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] 1/5
</p><p>V.8626 (TTE. eg 337)
</p>
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<p>Mutarr's Room</p>
<p>30 INTACT Tablets Tin I Lump of corroded [?unbaked?] on top</p>
<p>25 INTACT 17 Frags Tin 2</p>
<p>12 INTACT 16 Frags TIN 3</p>
<p>12 INTACT 15 Frags TIN 4</p>
<p>6 INTACT 16 Frags TIN 5</p>
<p>9 INTACT 11 Frags TIN 6</p>
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<p>N harbour (2)</p>
<p>Sqq S 22 CLW</p>
<p>is last though bug [?..laid?] by continuous deposits o silt - wch cud be hard to distinguish from - bank drift</p>
<p>A trench across - top there shewed bank top w hard silt was at least -1300 wide ( - trench was not continued further)</p>
<p>Sq S 22</p>
<p>The bank was followed up to wetting 500 o past. when it ran down & was last 2000 beyond past, in Sq S 22 towards - surface indicates ? v. clear. Here tr ran across - flat desert a bank about 150 high & about 3000 wide - surface wch was carved as black clinked bricks. Digging into this are faced ? it was an artificial ridge o wch - [?c..?] was o mud (not mud brick) while - to (originally) & - sides were made o a [?..pular?] ballast o</p>:
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<p>N. harbour CLW</p>
<p>Sq R 25Â ? S 22</p>
<p>? when - bank sloped gently down at - corner all [?trace?] was lot & [?now?] trench [?pl...ped?]Â ? sand. We were really [?g...ed?] by surface appearances wch gave no sign at this pt but had seemed pretty evident further on.</p>
<p>Actually in Sq , (1100 short o - post) we hit it agin gently sloping up to - surface. In S S22(crossed out) a cut brick - part o it shewed t it was not mud brick at all but clean hard mud wch sloped down wall at - start ( on - line o our trench, coming right to - surface behind - trench line : then it sloped only v. gently so ? at 550 ? - trench - drift sand wch lay apast - face & made it easy to filled was still only 1.10 deep. Behind the - mud was extremely clean = we cut down into it to a depth o 200 & it came away [?fm?] - bottom in laminatus most clearly water laid. ? is probable ? - ang. slope o - bank</p>:
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<p>N.harbour</p>
<p>Sqq V 26 - X 26 (2) CLW</p>
<p>any mistake in following - [?bank?] = it may h been straighter, & when - coast kink occurred - bank was rough &Â ? was no longer any mud & putting [?...ment?], so it clearly was an accidental breach</p>
<p>At E end. over [trenches?] - bank broke a definite ? & followed - levi. - SW side o - wall</p>
<p>Alas -Â ? length o - [trench?] to was no rubbish at all but only blown sand apart - bank face.</p>:
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<p>NCF + XNCF Zig NW 1931
</p><p>- Neb. TW does really just include - [?]
shrines under NCF (= II A+B) + XNCF, II A)
as it lies higher, + also completely blocks all
access to - [?], these disappear + if XNCF
had a [?] part on - Neb. level it must h
been a new foundation + rather different arranged.
Apart from - Fort, nothing is left on - Neb
terrace except 1 piece o mud brick wall running
out for about 158 from - side o - Zig, + a wall
o mud brick parallel w - Zig [?side?] may be Neo Bab.
or may be Persian _ but tr is nothing to prove
this side; + - fact t this does carefully include
- area formerly occupied by these shrines makes
it probable t [?he?] also [?] them.
</p>:
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<p>NE chamber Pg 777
</p><p>G/ Bones were scattered over - whole floor o - chamber
but they were in confusion, frs. o skulls being
found in 4 places
</p><p>This chamber had been roofed w timbers
running across it (tr were also timbers in -
party wall), w matting laid over them
& then - mud & stones to a depth o at least 090
</p><p>But it is clear t - roof so built was not
flat but in - form o an arch built on
- voussoir principle thus:
</p><p>[drawing (architectural sketch) labeled: post hole, 1/25]
</p><p>That the beam holes
remained open proves
t - stones here have not
moved fm tr places : one
runs through - springer o
- arch : - centering must h
been left in position & -
arch is really to relieve
pressure. T - beam holes
remain further along, right
up to where - roof is definitely
broken, shews t this [?wch?]
place & - earth settled
back again before -
beams had decayed
</p>:
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<p>NE Chamber Pg 777</p>
<p>(2) - (5) Copper vessels all badly smashed</p>
<p>6, 7, Copper spear butts, hollow socketed U.9963 (2 more found later)</p>
<p>8) Copper pins, bent, with ball head U.9964</p>
<p>9) by - remains o a skull, some lapis double conoid beads & U.9965</p>
<p>10) a broken silver ear-ring - a second was found fairly close to it but higher up U.9966</p>
<p>No 2 was apparently [drawing (artifact: metal vessel) labeled I] a broad rimmed pot, copper, ht circ 010, rim c 030Â ; No 3 was similar, 040 diam</p>
<p>No 4 was [drawing (artifact: metal vessel) labeled XXIII] the pail type, large but all broken up</p>
<p>No 5 was too much broken up to be repaired at all</p>
<p>Human teeth & the remains apparently of a second skull with which were more lapis beads & a silver pin much decayed & a quantity of [?shapeless?] also were found by & water the copper pot 4</p>
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<p>NE Chamber Pg 777</p>
<p>In - W corner was a [?] small w wch were</p><p> 1) silver ring earring U.9966</p><p> 2) a string of lapis beads, double conoids U.9960</p><p> 3) a string of double conoid wood beads ([?] ebony?) U.9959 the two beads seem to form separate strings but were much mixed up in the soil</p><p> 4) a copper dagger U.9961</p><p> 5) a <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">copper</span> silver pin w lapis head U.9962</p>:
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<p>Neo-Bab. C.L.W. </p>
<p> G.111 </p>
<p>Harbour pier, SW side </p>
<p>1m. Below modern surface. Outside the face of the rampart cut into a projection (a pier?) running NExSW 5m from the rampart face a double pot burial baked clay : the [?] pots has been broken and mended with bitumen in antiquity - ht 065 rim 070</p>
<p>[picture pottery; yellowish drab baked clay - two laid on their sides - mouth to mouth, Plundered -, Neo Bab - cut into [?IV?] [?Dyn?] </p>:
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<p>NH</p>
<p>In one of the Persian graves in NH tr were clods of earth & also a fragment of pottery which had been against an object of wood decorated with incised patterns, the incised lines filled in with white chalky pigment (which alone survived). The design so far as recovered was thus [drawing 1:1 (artifact: perishable, impression of pattern only)]</p>
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<p>NH</p>
<p>over all - site tr were 2 top levels fairly easily distinguishable when both existed, but - topmost had suffered much & in many places had gone altogether : in - main it followed - lines o - lower bldng but w a certain amount o overlap o - walls. - Top likely is dated by - pot o tablets o Darius & Artaxerxes. : - lower by - pot o tablets o Nabopolassar</p>
<p>graves attach to each level. Tr is a complete departure fm - lay-out o - Larsa period & it wd seem t tr is an equally great departure fm t o - Kassite period wch itself differs fm - Larsa</p>
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<p>NN 38 Sq MM 37 CLW</p>
<p>In Sq MM 37 â next buttress again might h been a branch wall: it was composed o 2 parts o wch â SE, solid burnt brickwork, was 120 wide, & butted on to this a core o mud brick & a NW face o burnt brick 150 wide, giving a total o 270: - NE end was destroyed. Beyond this a buttress w projection 085 shewed t- ground level was now rising considerably to â NW, for â founds were successively stepped up: this was â last survival o burnt brick until Sq MM37 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[?]</span> t : but tr are traces at â edge o - sloped pavement wch seems to imply a junction bet. - 2 lines varied by another salient. - wall wch bounds â sloped pavement along â SW is characterized by â same mixture o bricks --- 034x008 being commonest, 029x019x008 & one brick 052x008 -Bricks o- pavement are mixed, 036 sq, 025-0235 x015, 034sq</p>
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<p>NNCF Grave SW 2
</p><p>SW2 depth 200
</p><p>Broken grave (?) : only one clay pot
ht 027 rim 011 base 008
</p><p>[drawing (artifact: pot)]
</p><p>w. a small saucer on - top o it
forming a lid. diam 011 base 003
and below this a few scattered
bones including an arm bone
on which a bracelet o carnelian
[?] beads & 1 [?] [?conical?]
amethyst, 1 chalcedony [?] ([?])
& agate [?oval?], & [?simple?] cylinder
seal, shell, w eagle. <b>U.18111</b> [drawing (artifact: pot)]
Near this was half a terracotta
figurine o a bearded god U.18134
also with - bones, cylinder o green glaze
l 0028
</p>
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<p>NNCF SW
</p><p>At 100 below surface tr was, extending over
a pretty wide area, a [?broad belt of?] black +
grey ahes + burnt earth : in [?some?] places this
ran down into a shallow pocket + - deposit
o burnt earth above - ash was unusually
thick. In this pocket were found<br />
1) a mug o dark steatite ht 0105 diam 006
w loop handle + 2 holes in rim as if
for a lid U. 18116 <br />
2) a shale object, prob. a handle,
decorated w lines + rosettes U. 18117 <br />
3) a small clay vase apparently
thus but broken + imperfect [drawing (artifact:pot)]<br />
4) dark steatite cup w reliefs o 5 oxen. U. 18118<br />
All were just at - bottom o -
general burnt level wch reached up to -
walls (mud brick) o a room.<br />
5) a rectangular plaque of dark steatite
plain U 18119
</p>
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<p>Northeast Chamber pg.777</p>
<p>11,12) 2 vy small clay pots hopelessly decayed</p><p> 13) copper pin head; with lapiz head U.9967</p><p> 14,15) 2 copper spear heads like 6 & 7 U.9963</p>:
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<p>P.g. 1237 <b>No 66.</b> (new 28) U.12422
</p><p>(1) pin-silver, lapis head
</p><p>(2) necklace silver & lapis conoid beads (probably z stringed)
</p><p>(3) necklace. small conoid lapis beads
</p><p>(4) 2 cockleshells-green paint
</p><p>(5) copper bowl-completely crushed
</p>
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<p>P.g. 1237 <b>No. 65.</b> (new 27) U.12421
</p><p>(1) gold hair ribbon
</p><p>(2) Lunate earrings
</p><p>(3) necklace, stringed, ribbed ball lapis beads, 2 ribbed ball silver in calcite ; two others silver balls single
</p><p>(4) necklaces, triangles, gold, lapis
</p><p>5) silver pins w lapis & gold head
</p><p>6) bracelet: 9 ranks beads, tubular blue & gold & carn rings: 2 blue, carn,gold, carn. 3 blue, carn, gold, carn, 2 blue
</p><p>7) copper bowl, hopeless state
</p><p>8) small limestone bowl, hopeless
</p><p>9) cockleshells with paint
</p><p>10) silver comb w inlaid flowers
</p><p>11) wreath of gold leaves w - usual
</p><p>12) 2 gold flower rosettes a silver bends stem
</p><p>13) small alabaster jar stopper
</p><p>14) silver pin with lapis head
</p>
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<p>P1 Square P7 First Copper Grave KP
</p><p>1. small glaze pot [drawing] cf. square J4 ht rim diam 662=new type
2. Broken bone comb thus [drawing]
</p><p>[Drawing of grave]
</p>
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<p>P7 P1 First copper coffin 2
</p><p>Probably - latter is - case : then - bricks o - roof rests directly on - lid o - wooden coffin; & - iron was a binding along - edge thus : in fact, this is certainly & - true reconstruction o - [?] is as below
[drawing of section of grave 1/10]
</p>
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<p>Page 1
</p><p>Sq. Room [blank space] KP
</p><p>Rectangular paved room about [scribbled out number] 4m x 3m
connecting up with passage on SW side and with another chamber? on NE side.
</p><p>SW wall bricks 036 and 028x018x008. S corner
walls apparently not bonded, though the SW wall <strike>must be contemporary</strike> was
for some time in use with the bottom course of the SE wall
as the bitumen <strike>[?]</strike> [?masking/marking?] pavement level runs to
same height on SW wall and in bottom course of SE wall.
In middle of SW wall is a doorway 075 wide with a
threshold 3 courses of bricks higher than the existing
pavement level. This probably indicates the level of
the floor at the period at which the SW wall was
refitted. W corner is built up against the older NW
wall. S corner is complicated. The SW wall runs on
and is [?is?] has been [?remortared?] neither bonded in with the
3 later upper courses of the SE wall nor with the big
bricks forming the lowest course of the SE wall above
pavement level. Probably then it is earlier than the
upper portion of the SE wall and either contemporary with or
more probably later than the lower portion of SE wall.
It is possible that the big bricks of SE wall base
were contemp: with SW wall but more probably they are
the top of an older wall whose founds go well below
the pavement of the room.
</p>
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<p>Page 1 SW face of Ziggurat Room 3</p>
<p>[drawing (architectural sketch)]</p>
<p>[0].9 below the Sin Balatsu Ikbi [Iqbi] floor level was found an earlier floor level of burnt bricks size 021 x [?015 x 005?] but the only traces of burnt brick floor were found in the doorway. The thresholds of the 2 doors leading through the NW and the NE walls. Also one course against SE wall with an inscribed brick of Kurigalzu. Size of bricks 038 x 006. 027 x [undecipherable] 042 x 025 x 010. NE wall built of burnt brick like the other 3 room walls. Size of brick 026-25 x 017 x 006 and 027 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">x 009 x</span> 015 x 009. E corner is not bonded in to the SE wall which is a later wall built up against the NE wall (and its foundations resting on the burnt brick pavement?) belonging to the other 3 burnt brick room walls. At the N end of the NE wall was found a doorway 1-2 m wide with a revil in the N jamb which also serves as the N jamb of the doorway in the NW wall.</p>:
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<p>Page 1 SW face of Ziggurat</p>
<p>[drawing 1:100 with labels]</p>
<p>In room adjoining the well paved burnt brick floor of Sinbalatsu Ikbi, abutting on the SE wall was found the substructure of <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">Neo Babylonian</span> (Persian) pottery kilns which had also been apparent from above by the number of tripods and wasters found on the surface. The substructure was entirely of burnt brick built up on top of a 25sq Sinbalatsu Ikbi pavement. The structure consists of a rectangular room 2.8 x 1.2m wide running NE by SW and NW by SE, walls all apparently unbaked and standing at the most only 5 courses high Sizes of bricks 25sq x 007Â : 033 x 019 x 006Â : 026 x 016 x 007. On either side of this 095 away from the NW and SE walls respectively [were] thin walls only 050 wide and from these project piers of burnt brick 050 wide & 050 deep 5 courses high. Each of the 9 projecting piers (one on the N corner was not excavated) stands out a distance of 030 from the next, <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">and thus</span> so that there are between them deep recesses which must have served as flues and between <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">and between</span> the projecting faces of the piers and the wall of the rectangular room is a passage 040 wide. On either side of the</p>:
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<p>Page 2
</p><p>E corner is 1 m wide and has revils on the passage
side. This was blocked up apparently <strike>both</strike> in the Larsa
<strike>and Kurigalzu period</strike> period and the blocking was
continued in the Kurigalzu period. <strike>Abutting in the E</strike>
</p><p>Abutting on the E corner is a second blocked
doorway of the Kurigalzu period 1 m wide. This must
originally have been stepped as the threshold on the
passage side is 1 m higher than it is on the chamber
side. Later on the doorway was filled up with mud
brick probably in the Neo Bab period judging from the
large mud bricks found in the doorway.
</p><p>NE wall consists of 2 heavy blocks of burnt brick
of <strike>standard Larsa(?) dimensions</strike> much better built than
any of the other walls of this room. Thick mud mortar size of bricks 031,-028,-027,x018x008.
</p><p>1.3 m above floor level is a single course of mud
brick above which there is burnt brick again thus
indicating that the wall was raised in height at a
later period. Dimensions of upper bricks same as those below.
<strike>N</strike> W of doorway 085 N corner no bond. NE walls runs on and appears to have cut away a portion of the
</p>
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<p>Page 2
</p><p>NW and SE walls of the rectangular room the building
is symmetrical, a narrow passage possibly for [?hot?] and running
on either side and flues against it of [?plan?]. Mixed bricks in
flues. 040 x 027 x 008, 027 x 079 x 025sq x 006. On top of the
N pier in the W corridor are 30sq x 006 burnt bricks superimposed found
over the top of the NW boundary wall from which the
piers project and also over the NE wall, probably these
were laid at the time that these Persian kilns (of pottery)
were constructed above the [?older?] (Sin Balatsu Ikbi?) walls.
(The NW and NE boundary walls [?are?] probably Assyrian or
the above mentioned pavement runs up to but not below
them as it does beneath the kiln room walls [?with?] piers.)
The Sin Balatsu Ikbi pavement extends about
1 m beyond the SW rectangular room wall
</p><p>As regards the NE and NW walls it seems after
all more probable that they belong to the Persian period
at which the kiln was constructed and not to the Assyrian
(A) Because in every case in this part of the site
Sin Balatsu Ikbi walls are of mud bricks
(B) Because in the adjoining room 3 the NE wall face
at the period of Sin B. I. extends 070 back beyond the
face of the NE kiln wall
Further [?proof?] of the statement that the kiln was Persian
lies in the fact that 30 sq Ziggurat bricks of Nebukadnezzar
are mud & this would hardly be the case in his own time
</p>:
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<p>Page 2 KP
</p><p>SW wall on the passage side is clearly built up
against the S door jamb and on this side its face
was refitted at a later period.
</p><p>SE wall 4 courses of late wall prob Kurigalzu
L 027-023 x 018 x 008, badly laid. E end of the wall runs
askew and has in it a larger brick 035 long. The
change in the wall is coincident with a break in the
pavement 040 wide x 013 deep with half bricks in the
bottom. <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> But the break in the pavement is
probably fortuitous as it is unlikely that a [?seven?]
should have existed in a small [?] room with 2 doorways.
The 4 upper courses of the SE wall project out 004
beyond the larger size of brick which is the <strike>[?bottom?]</strike> LOWEST
course visible above pavement level. Size of lower
course bricks 034-032 x ? x 012. <strike>clearly</strike> As the upper courses
project above them these larger bricks can hardly be
a foundation deliberately laid down at the time that
the wall was built though this is a possibility. More
probably they are the upper courses of an older wall
</p>
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<p>Page 2 room 2 SW face of ziggurat</p>
<p>NW wall size of bricks 032 x 079 x 070, 029 x 020 x 009 and 025 x ? x 007. W [overwritten S?] corner ruined N corner [?bonded?].</p>
<p>NE wall size of bricks 033 x 020? x 009 & 027 x [?027?] x 0085 and size of ? x 023 x 009. Below the bottom course of burnt bricks 060 under it and 1.7 m away from the S corner was found an inscribed door socket of Ur Nammu. As there was [?one?] door in the burnt brick wall the door socket was not a re-used one but clearly belongs to the mud brick wall whose foundations were found immediately under and projecting from the SE and NE burnt brick room walls. Moreover the floor level appears to <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> ?? </span> agree with the IIIrd dyn level at the foot of the ziggurat. But as the burnt brick walls which are Kurigalzu or post Kurigalzu are immediately over the IIIrd dyn level it must be assumed that in the Larsa period the plan of the building followed that of the III dyn for it would have been impossible to build a III dyn mud wall plan in the Kurigalzu period unless if the plan had not been maintained in the succeeding periods.</p>:
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<p>Page 2 SW face of Ziggurat Room 3</p>
<p>C. Kurigalzu burnt brick walls and pavement, (inscribed)</p>
<p>D. IIIrd dynasty Ur Engur doorsocket & mud brick walls</p>
<p>E. Pre IIIrd dynasty. Mud brick walls with bricks set on edge and plano convex mud brick floor</p>
<p>Period <strong>A</strong>. Inner mud brick wall running II [=parallel] to inner temenos wall and dividing the room from the Ziggurat chambers. Size of bricks 033x?x010 NW wall bricks <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> of </span> 032?x?013 possibly Sin Balatsu Ikbi re-used in Nebuchadnezzar period. SW wall inner Temenos wall. SE wall destroyed. In every case walls are to far mined to show traces of bonding.</p>
<p>Period B. Sin Balatsu Ikbi pavement burnt bricks 025 sq. with raised threshold in doorway of NE wall bricks 033 sq. burnt brick.</p>
<p>NE wall mud brick 032?x010 behind which later Neo Bab wall must have been built.</p>:
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<p>Page 3
</p><p>NW wall though on its outside face it is [?undoubtedly?] built up against the NW wall.
</p><p>NW wall bricks 032-028-x019x008-007.
1.1 m away from the W. corner is a doorway 1.1 m
wide <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> the burnt brick Founds of NW
wall go at least 3 courses below the burnt brick
Founds of the other walls, but probably all 4 walls
mentioned are of the Kurigalzu period.
</p><p>Upper pavement consists of large bricks abt
35 sq x 32 square and is one course above burnt
brick Founds of NE, SW & SE walls of the room. In all
3 open doorways of NE, SW & NW walls pavement measurements
are same as <strike>room</strike> measurements of pavement within the
room itself. This is additional evidence that the room
as it stands belongs to the Kurigalzu period though the
<strike>NW</strike> SE wall which is part of the passage wall belongs to
the Larsa period.
</p>
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<p>Page 3. SW face of Ziggurat Room 3.</p>
<p>NW wall much ruined possibly [?same?] as NW wall in Nebuchadnezzar period. SW wall ruined but must have run immediately over Kurigalzu wall judging by the bricks of the pavement. SE wall entirely mined. All walls of mud brick about 1.3 m. wide. Room dimensions including doorways probably same as in preceding periods. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">Period C. Kurigalzu</span> Ring drain of baked clay wd 036 ht 035 probably dates from this period [undecipherable] [?stand?] in S corner of the room. Period C. Kurigalzu burnt brick walls and pavement.</p>
<p>.9m below the Sin Balatsu Ikbi floor level was found the burnt brick floor of Kurigalzu, the only trace of it was the threshold in the NE wall, the threshold in the NW wall and 2 courses showing from the SW wall and prossibly the bitumen coated paving 019 sq x 5 in the SW half of the room.</p>:
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<p>Page 3</p>
<p>the SE wall runs on for another 7 meters [the words after which it falls are crossed out] Beyond this distance it is ruined. It may then have run on for another 2 or 3 m. to meet a Larsa boundary wall q.v. running NW by SE</p>:
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<p>Page 4 KP
</p><p>Projecting from the NW wall of the room, 2 m away from the N corner are 3 bricks above 2 headers and below are stretchers which appear to be the face of a ruined wall of the Larsa period running NW by SE. Lower brick is 036 long, upper brick is 27?x013x008 probably standard Larsa size. Same wall is ruined down to 2 courses above floor level in Kurigalzu courtyard abutting on this room. Size of brick varies 031-028x020x008-009. This wall probably ran on to the SE wall of the room in question as in the NE portion of the room the lower pavement is broken away and there is a mud floor which may well have been the core of the older Larsa wall of which so little of the [?skin?] is left.
</p><p>Lower pavement, size of bricks 029x018, 028x018, 026x018, 027x018, 030x019. But this apparently runs on below the founds of the ruined Larsa wall and is at a level higher by 027 than Larsa pavement of similar character in the Kurigalzu courtyard. <strike>[?]</strike> In the courtyard side the measurement of pavement bricks is mostly 027x018 & 026x018.
</p>
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<p>Page 4</p>
<p>Period C. Continued</p>
<p>NE wall, burnt brick, mud mortar. Mixed bricks 026-025x017x006 and 027x015x009. E corner is not bonded in to the SE wall which is a later wall built up against the NE wall its foundations apparently resting on the burnt brick pavement belonging to the 3 other room walls. At the N end of the NE wall was found a doorway 1.2m wide with a revil in the N jamb which also serves as the N jamb of the doorway in the NW wall. NE wall is 1.8m thick Against the E jamb of this doorway were 5 broken bricks [?one?] on the other probably 5 courses of a wall of Ur Nammu is against it in the passage is an Ur Engur Ziggurat brick 030 sq x 005 â 060 below the Kurigalzu pavement and 035 above the Ur Engur doorsocket q.v. on the other hand [?the?] mud brick runs immediately below the doorway this might be Larsa [?work?] or it might be a Kurigalzu doorsocket box.</p>
<p>NW wall. size of bricks 030x019x008. Bonded also 033 sq x 009 but mixed bricks apparently of all sizes and periods At N end is a door 1.2m wide paved threshold of burnt brick 034sq x007, bitumen coating on the sides of the brick facing the room. N door jamb 035 long, bonded in to NE wall. NW wall is also bonded at W corner.</p>:
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<p>Page 5 KP
</p><p>2 m away from the Kurigalzu SW wall and 1 m away from the NW was found an inscribed door socket of Bur Sin. This stood immediately against the face of the <strike>[?NE?]</strike> ruined Larsa wall running NW by SE. Evidently there was a reviled gate way in the wall at the point where the door socket was found as the doorsocket was in
</p><p>[drawing (architectural plan: wall, with compass pointing north)]
</p><p>the angle of this <strike>[undeciperable]</strike> NE wall and NW wall of same period & bonded in to NE wall. Both NE and NW walls rested on mud brick 3rd dyn. walls but the <strike>[undeciperable]</strike> mud brick founds of the Larsa NW wall project at [?least?] 060 beyond the burnt brick face.
</p><p>NE wall is exactly in a line with the outer jamb of the <strike>[?door?]</strike> Larsa <strike>[undeciperable]</strike> reviled and blocked doorway in the SE wall qv. In the Larsa period [symbol for therefore] the room in question was both narrower and larger than it was in the Kurigalzu period being 2.5m wide and 5.4m long as under the Kurigalzu floor of the adjacent room on the SW side were found 2 mud walls running NE by SW and NW by [?SE?].
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 <b>No 62</b> (new 30) U.12418
</p><p>1) a necklace o blue & silver double conoids, 2 ranks
</p><p>2) bracelet o small lapis double conoids (only 4 or 5 heads)
</p><p>3) copper pin bent type head [drawing (artifact: pin head)] broken (not kept)
</p><p>4) cockle shells w green paint
</p><p>5) silver wire spiral coil ear rings
</p>
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<p>PG 1135</p><p> at 660 from pt 740 depth 420 only 3 pots left
</p><p>1) [drawing(artifact:pot) CCCCXCII] ht 016 rim 011 drab clay
</p><p>2) same type miniature ht 0095 rim 003- drab clay
</p><p>3) [drawing(artifact:pot) TO LIX] ht 065 rim 008 drab clay
</p>
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<p>PG 1141
</p><p>At 88 from pt 500 depth 4.30
</p><p>Broken Larnax divide [angle 30] unusual shape, a copy of a rectangular coffin in wood or wickerwork with imprinted wooden strap in sets of 3 (Photo ) width 080 ht 058 [drawing(elevation)]
</p>
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<p>PG 1172</p><p> at 450 behind - wall from pt 1958 depth 280. Remains o mat lined trough grave.
</p><p>1) Copper bowl hemispherical diam 012 decayed
</p><p>2) Copper bowl hemispherical diam 011 decayed
</p><p>3) plain saucer, drab clay
</p><p>4) Copper pin, broken, l. 016
</p><p>5) with - last, lapis cylinder seal geometric pattern U 11899
</p><p>6) alabaster vase ht 021 U 11898
</p><p>7) [drawing(artifact:pot) TO XLVIII] ht 011 rim 004
</p><p>8) [drawing(artifact:pot) TO LX] ht 020 rim 010 drab clay broken.
</p><p>9) Beads 2 string one all o small lapis and o small carnelian lentoids U 11900
</p><p>10) remnants of silver ire coil ear-rings
</p>
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<p>PG 1176</p><p> at 0 from pt 2150 depth 180
remains o mat lined grave
</p><p>1) Stone Vase ht 012 U 11901
(NB this only in part o a grave previously dug)
</p>
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<p>PG 1203
</p><p>at 060 from pt 25 behind - line depth 060 mat lined trough grave = direction uncertain w a few remains o bones.
</p><p>1) a simple barrel head o [premium?] limestone
</p><p>2) a copper axe in poor condition [drawing(artifact:tool)] l 030 length 004 U 11988
</p><p>3) a few small thin glaze beads U 11989
</p>
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<p>PG 1206</p><p>Lying against - SW side of PG 1205, tracing it & at - same depth mat-lined trough grave</p><p>Copper pin l.026 U 11997 is at same depth Mat lined trough grave.
</p>
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<p>PG 1211</p><p> at 850 from pt 2640 B depth 130 Ruins o mat-lined trough grave, empty but against - one end o it
</p><p>1) Copper bowl hemispherical diam 0095 good condition III U 12020
</p><p>2) Alabaster bowl ht 006 rim 0105 broken but complete U 12021
</p><p>3) cockle shells with paint.
</p><p>4) Plain copper wire ring
</p><p>5) [drawing(artifact:pot) IC XVIII] ht 0145 rim 0105 base 009 red clay
</p>
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<p>Pg 1215</p><p> at 270 from 2930 behind - line depth 150
</p><p>a mixture of 2 graves and immediate above - other = both broken up = both were mat-lined trough graves
</p><p>1) copper pin, plain l. 021
</p><p>2) copper pin, plain Inside it a white shell cylinder seal completely decayed.
</p><p>3) Copper pin, all broken up
</p><p>4) by this 4 beads, 2 lapis lazuli, 2 blue glazed [?]ring
</p>
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<p>PG 1231</p><p> at 090 behind - line from pt 33 depth 220 Direction NE x SW head NE Remains only o mat-lined trough grave.
</p><p>1) Copper lunate ear-ring
</p><p>2) copper finger-ring
</p>
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<p>PG 1236
</p><p>Chamber A
</p><p>Conspicuous amongst - pottery types were 4 or 5
examples o - hard thin-walled ribbed
bottle types wch seems to be
found only in - richest graves
ht 022 rim 0055 [drawing (artifact: pot)] I×> ICXXVI
</p><p>also
</p><p>I×XXXVI [drawing (artifact:pot)] ht 026 rim 011
</p><p>and
</p><p>[drawing (artifact:pot) TO XXXIII] ht 030 rim 011
</p><p>and a number of plain saucers
</p>
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<p>PG 1236
Chamber BC</p><p>
against the NE wall & this small chamber were 2 silver lamps both in very good condition.
</p><p>Scattered on the floor amongst many fragments of bones, were quantities of beads in gold lapis and carnelian, U.12453 U.12452, leaves and rings etc. from head-dresses U 12451, part of a girdle made up of lapis disks set in gold with lapis links between, U 12450 - one gold chain from a frontlet U12449, a lentoid lapis cylinder seal U 12448 and a small shell cylinder seal much decayed, (&) some silver with spiral coil hair rings
</p>
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<p>Pg 1236</p><p>
A patch o good smooth [?linear?] floor, identical
in appearance w - floor plaster of pg 775
meaning 200 across from NE to SW, w its
SE edge corresponding accurately w - SE edge
o - masonry o - tomb chamber below, long at
430 above - top o - standing wall o that
tomb chamber= a wall limiting it and
just fill - space to - side o - shaft cutting into
- wall, though traces of it were left in
rotten mud brick, was too perished to
measure: - NW side o - pavement was cut
away so its [undecipherable] remains underneath
In E Corner was 640 from - E corner o -
status chamber itself.
</p>
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<p>Pg 1236</p><p>
Chamber <strike> B </strike> C
</p><p>all on - floor tr was
</p><p>1) a silver pin w plain tang head, by this
</p><p>2) a copper pin w ball head VB, broken, &
</p><p>3) a shell cylinder seal much decayed also
</p><p>4) 2 pairs of copper 'razors'
</p><p>5) 2 more copper pins type V B, broken
</p><p>6) Parts o 2 copper daggers
</p><p>7) Parts o a copper bowl
</p>
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<p>Pg 1236</p><p>
Chamber <strike> C </strike> D
Completely plundered= on - floor were (at - SE end)
quantities of beads, gold lapis & carnelian, 2 [?tiers?]
of thin gold foil from a sceptre with impressed
designs
</p><p>also numerous clay pots, all broken
one at - least was - thin-walled ribbed bottle type
and o - type
[drawing (artifact:pot) TO XXXIII]
ht 028 rim 010 ht wire at least
5 example & one or two apparently similar but much larger
</p><p>and [drawing(artifact:pot)] To XVI
</p><p>also an alabaster (?) <strike> box </strike> jar lid
of a (broken) rough [undecipherable] bowl
</p>
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<p>Pg 1236</p><p>
Chamber A.
</p><p> - Roof was to dangerous that nearly all of it
had to be removed before - chamber cd be cleared.
& w - roof came - upper part (- corbelling) o - walls.
- chamber was pretty full o earth & a great
deal o stone had fallen from - roof & from - walls, which
were in many cases badly bulged.
On or a little above - floor were found many beads o
lapis & some gold double conoids & small gold leaves.
Also, a whetstone, cylinder seals, a copper libation
jug & clay pots thus:
</p><p>[drawing (artifact:pot)] ht 028 rim 011 TO LXXXIV
</p><p>of which 2 examples,
plain saucers (a [?number?])
also some sheep's teeth &
other bones
</p><p>beads = U 12444
</p><p>leaves and rosettes 12443
</p><p>cylinder seal
</p>
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<p>PG 1236</p><p> A2
was roofed arm w large flat capstones 008-010
thick & about ____________ long, more quarry slabs
sufficiently trimmed along - edges to point closely.
</p><p> - Walls were built w ordering round marker this
for - roof tr was used a heavy green clay
wch filled - interior & was thirty planks
over - whole
At a ht o 140-150 round because over
layered across - chamber for a ceiling to support
- last stages o - roof. These beams must have been
left in situ, but - wall [planks?] were carried up
to - top o - chamber.
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237
(22) (new 61) (3)
</p><p>10) gold finger rings 6, in sets of 3
</p><p>11) gold pin w lapis ball head
</p><p>12) lapis cylinder seal
</p><p>13) silver cup held to - mouth : this was hopelessly decayed.
</p><p>14) necklace of gold lapis & carn. bugle beads
<strike>thus</strike> nine rows wide : the order in each
row : carn. ring, blue bugle, 2 carn rings,
gold bugle, 2 carn rings, blue bugle, 2 carn
rings, gold bugles, 2 carn rings, carn bugle(?)
2 carn rings, <strike>2</strike> carn. bugle, 2 carn rings
gold bugle
</p><p>15) 4 blue & 4 gold diamond beads (bracelet)
</p><p>16) silver comb with flowers inlaid
</p><p>17) 2 gold lunar earrings
</p><p>18) 2 gold wire spiral coil hair rings
</p><p>19. silver pin with lapis ball head
</p><p>20) 3 gold flower rosettes
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237
U 12360
No 2 (New 73)
</p><p>1) pr of large gold lunate ear-ring
</p><p>2) by them and virtually inside them a pr o stone with spiral coil drain rings
</p><p>3) necklace o mixed lapis & carnelian beads
</p><p>4)around - waist a line of shell rings
</p><p>5)ar - head a silver [bentlan?] all decayed
[drawing: (artifact: diamdem)]
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237
U. 12359
No 1 (new 74)
</p><p>1)above head tiaras of silver
</p><p>2) pair o large gold lunate ear-rings
</p><p>3) pair o silver wire spiral coil hair rings, one inside each or earrings
</p><p>4) lapis double conoid beads at neck
</p><p>5) cockle shell w green paint
</p><p>6,7) (see plan) two leaf-bladed copper tools, the handles covered with thin gold foil
[drawing (artifact: spade, labeled with measurements: x 011, y 012)] U. 12358
</p><p>8) At - waist line a rod of shell rings
</p>
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<p>PG 1237
U. 12363
<b>No 5</b> (new 72)
</p><p>Judging from - teeth, which were mud discolored, - roots lay blue, - body was that of a quite young person</p><p>1) on - head traces of a silver band</p><p>2) beads.2 rown o lapis double conoids & 2 carnelian bugles and to connect - 2 strings</p><p>3) pr o silver wire spiral coil hair rings</p><p>4) copper base, pourhead</p><p>5) small limestone bowl, perished</p><p>6) copper pin head [drawing(artifact)]</p><p>7) cockleshells w green & blue paint
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<p>PG 1237
U.12428
No. 73. (new 70)
</p><p>(1) Silver hair ribbon. Badly decayed
</p><p>(2) necklace- triangular- golden & lapis
</p><p>(3) necklace, several stringed lapis/
silver lentoid
</p><p>(4) 2 gold lunate earrings
</p><p>(5) pin. copper (bent type) w. copper ball head.
</p><p>(6) 2 silver hair rings
</p><p>(7) 2 stone tumbler, one spouted
1 spouted jug. Both smashed
</p><p>8. <strike> silver large gold lunate earrings found clasped in the hand </strike>
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 (2)</p><p> No (new 25)
</p><p>12) silver pin bent type w lapis head
</p><p>13) copper bowl completely decayed
</p><p>14) small limestone bowl broken & decayed
</p><p>15) cockle shells w green paint
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 (C)
</p><p>Silver Harp
U12354
</p><p>[drawing (artifact:harp) includes scale: 1/10, [? x ?], 1 1/2]
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 <b>No 54</b> (new 37) U. 12410
</p><p>1) on - forehead a plain silver band completely decayed
</p><p>2) at - neck a necklace 3 ranks o blue w silver double conoids in groups
</p><p>3) copper pin, head [drawing (artifact: pin head)], broken.
</p><p>4) wristlet o lapis double conoid beads
</p><p>5) white limestone bowl, broken
</p><p>6) silver wire spiral coil ear-rings
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 <b>No 57</b> (new 25) U.12413
</p><p>1) large lapis cylinder seal
</p><p>2) gold hair ribbon
</p><p>3) wreath o gold leaves on - usual beads
</p><p>4) large gold lunate ear rings
</p><p>5) silver comb w 3 inlaid flowers
</p><p>6) necklace o gold & blue ball triangles
</p><p>7) necklace o gold & blue beads apparently 3 rows, groups o 3 gold & five or six lapis
</p><p>8) necklace o fluted gold & lapis beads
</p><p>9) necklace o ring beads, 3 quartz 6 carn in groups alternating, also some gold but this portion uncertain
</p><p>10) bracelet o lunati or blue lapis beads & carn. strip 10 ranks wide: order 3 carn, gold, 1 carn, blue, 1 carn gold, 3 carn, blue, 3 carn gold
</p><p>11) a second similar bracelet
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 <b>No 58</b> (new 26) U. 12414
</p><p>1) gold hair ribbon
</p><p>2) wreath of gold leaves w usual beads
</p><p>3) large gold lunate ear rings
</p><p>4) necklace of blue & gold triangles
</p><p>5) necklace of blue & gold plain ball beads 3 ranks, gold in 4's, blue in 8's
</p><p>6) silver pin bent type w lapis head
</p><p>7) silver comb with 3 inlaid flowers
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 <b>No 63</b> (new 40) U.12319
</p><p>1) band of silver across forehead, wholly decayed
</p><p>2) large gold lunate ear-rings
</p><p>3) silver wire spiral coil hair rings (<strike> undecipherable </strike> [?inside?] gold)
</p><p>4) necklace, 2 ranks, blue & silver double conoids 3 silver in groups & a few carnelian
</p><p>5) silver pin bent type w lapis head
</p><p>6) necklaces 0 4 ranks o small lapis ball heads
</p><p>7) remains o copper bowl
</p><p>8) cockleshells w green paint
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 <b>No 64</b> (new <b>41</b>) U. 12320
</p><p>1) gold hair ribbons
</p><p>2) wreath o gold leaves on - usual beads
</p><p>3) silver comb w inlaid flowers
</p><p>4) 2 <strike> copper </strike> pins, bent type w lapis fluted ball head
</p><p>5) necklace o blue & gold triangles
</p><p>6) necklace o blue & and gold ball beads, 4 ranks, apparently 4 gold & 8 blue in pairs
</p><p>7) 2 gold flowers rosettes on silver strips on - head
</p><p>8) copper bowl, hopeless
</p><p>9) <strike> [undecipherable] </strike> bracelet o 10 rows o triangular beads blue 7 gold w carn strip, & gold 13, 3 blue
</p><p>10) 2 silver finger rings
</p><p>11) gold lunate ear-rings
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 <b>No 9</b> (After <b>42</b>) U 12367
</p><p>1) Copper pin w lapis ball head
</p><p>2) string o lapis & gold double conoid beads
</p><p>3) lapis lentoid beads, 2 rows
</p><p>4) cockle shells w green paint
</p><p>5) copper bowl, badly smashed up, diam circ 011
</p><p>6) copper razor
</p><p>7) 2 slender copper pins, plain, both broken
</p><p>8) silver wire spiral coil ear-ring
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 <b>No. 26</b> (new 34) U.12384
</p><p>1) gold hair ribbon
</p><p>2) copper pin, bent type, plain head,
</p><p>3) large gold lunate ear-rings
</p><p>4) silver wire, spiral coil hair rings (decayed)
</p><p>5) necklace o 3 rows o double conoid beads 3 gold, 6 lapis (or 5?)
</p><p>6) blue & gold triangle necklace
</p><p>7) cockleshell w green paint
</p><p>8) copper bowl hopelessly decayed
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 <b>No. 53</b> (new 36) U. 12409
</p><p>1) gold hair ribbon
</p><p>2) large gold lunate ear-rings
</p><p>3) wreath of gold leaves are - [?whirl?] beads
</p><p>4) silver comb w 3 inlaid flowers
</p><p>5) bracelet of lunatite beads, 11 ranks in - usual order (some waxed & [undecipherable] together)
</p><p>6) 2 silver finger rings
</p><p>7) silver pin, bent type, w lapis ball head
</p><p>8) necklace o blue & gold triangles
</p><p>9) necklace, apparently 2 [undecipherable], large blue to gold fluted ball heads, - general order is 6 [undecipherable] & then 3 gold alternating w carn ring, but in 2 places tr was a simple gold w no carnelians
</p><p>10) necklace o silver & blue double conoids
</p><p>11) another newer pin, bent type, w lapis ball head
</p><p>12)copper bowl, all to bits
</p><p>13) cockleshells w green paint
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 <b>No. 61</b> (new 38) U.12417
</p><p>1) gold lunate ear-rings
</p><p>2) necklaces o 3 rows o lapis double conoid beads
</p><p>3) <strike> copper silver </strike> copper pin bent type w lapis head.
</p><p>4) small limestone bowl
</p><p>5) bracelet of blue & gold tubular beads (no carnelian: thin gold are [undecipherable]) 7 ranks, 3 blue, 3 gold 3 blue.
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 <b>No</b> 56 (new <b>24</b>) U. 12412
</p><p>1) gold hair ribbon
</p><p>2) gold lunate ear-rings, smaller than usual
</p><p>3) silver comb w 3 inlaid flowers
</p><p>4) bracelet o tubular beads, usual order but number of rows uncertain
</p><p>5) necklace o blue & gold triangle
</p><p>6) necklace 3 ranks o silver & lapis double conoids
</p><p>7) silver pin, bent type, w lapis ball head (in perhaps o 8 blue & 4(?) silver) [line and arrow indicating that this phrase a part of 6]
</p><p>8) Cockle shells with green paint
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 B
In - E corner, at 190 below - flow o - "press"
There was a broken pot, large & o corner wall, on
or in which had been a fire; it has a very heavy deposit o burnt ash.
By - ashes with found a large saddle green
& a rubbing stone o - pumice-like stone.
-Layers o ashes opened over whole pit's mouth
but- deposit- corner was quite distinct & much
thicker- above lay a bit higher up.
Below- layer o ashes there as a unmistakably smashed floor o yellow mud = this lay 225 below - 'press' & 025 above - floor o Pg 1237 - floorsloping v slightly up w - sill lending to - death pit.
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 B
The 'dibs' press lies 360 above - floor
level of pg 1237: it rests an raised mud broick
& brick <strike> [undecipherable] </strike> clay with extended to - ramp.
Brick went down solid under press for 200
& then came o- edges o c maps o which - top
filling was burnt ashes
</p><p>[sketch (section)]
[sketch (section: building)]
[distance between above section:building and below plan: building "press": 260]
[drawing (plan: partial building, labelled "press")]
[distance between "press" and floor: 085]
</p><p>1-Division Lot- 2 pits was walled up w regular bricking, mud brick w matting but - corners o
heavy layers o mud mortar
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 B see U. 12424
</p><p>a hole was made through - floor to a depth of 440, i.e. 1350 below zero level. From about 080 in was clean soil, clay: then - stratified rubbish to a depth of 150: below this clean clay, 1060 below zero, & as it got deeper down the clay (yellow) was similarly water laid & contains filling etc & deeper still it was more solid & near - bottom there were frs. of petrified bone. At this depth we seem to have reached material soil, & that - soil o an island an - river basin. N o <strike> E: this is 220 </strike>
</p><p>In Pg ______ a hole was made to a depth of 1300 below zero: - columned [undecipherable] went down to 1960: below of at <strike> 1820 </strike> 1070 was the base of a large pot or urn: at - very bottom tr were fairly numerous frs o painted potting, a foul flints & a number o flint cores: it was clearly an occupation level o - oldest period of all. Between - pot & a flint striation - soil was clean bearing waterlaid clay, as in the pit in pg 1237 B. NB= this is 220 below - floor level of pg 775.
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 B.
at 070 below - 'dibs' press, 070 from -
NE side o - shaft & 131 - from SE side (to - skull) was a human body
</p><p>[sketch(plan:grave) listed items drawn and numbered as found with body]
</p><p>1) broken drab pot too fragmentary to type
</p><p>2) plain clay saucer
</p><p>3)copper fluted tumbler
</p><p>4) 2 gold wire spiral coil ear-rings
</p><p>5) 3 gold finger rings on - left hand
</p><p>6) silver pin [Type] V B with lapis & gold head
-Also by head a very slender copper needle, broken.
-Also, 050 below this, one of - circular 'baking tins' of greenish clay inverted in - [coal?]: diam 021 ht 006
</p>
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<p>Pg 1237 No 6 (<b>new 43</b>) U.12364
</p><p>1) gold hair ribbon
</p><p>2) 2 large lunate gold ear-rings
</p><p>3) wreath o gold leaves & lapis & carnelian beads
</p><p>4) silver "comb" w 3 flowers w inlaid petals, blue gold & white (in good state)
</p><p>Close to this was found a small clay ram (?) o - prehistoric type. Also behind - head
</p><p>5) a small limestone bowl smashed w [undecipherable]
</p><p>6) a small copper bowl also smashed up
</p><p><strike> 7) necklace o gold & lapis double conoid beads
</p><p>8) necklace o gold & lapis triangle beads
</p><p>9) silver pin (bent type) w lapis head </strike>
</p>
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<p>Pg 1238</p>
<p>At 100 below - line frm pt 33 depth 205 mat lined trough grave direction NE x SW head SW</p>
<p>1) copper pin, plain head l 023</p>
<p>2) plain copper finger-ring</p>
<p>3) plain copper toe-ring</p>
<p>4) small copper spiral coil ear-Âring</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>Pg 1239 At 560 frm pt 3170 B depth 210 Remains o mat lined trough grave direction NE x SW head SW</p>
<p>1) rough limestone bowl diam 016 ceram & badly chipped U.12084</p>
<p>2) Copper Bowl, crushed, diam 013</p>
<p>3) Copper pin l. 024 U.12090</p>
<p>4) a second copper pin l. circ. 018</p>
<p>5) at - neck a string o carnelian & silver beads strung alternately</p>
<p>6) fr o small silver lunate ear-ring</p>:
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1
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|
<p>PG 1240</p><p> At 260 frm pt 313 depth 210 remains o mat lined trough grave direction NExSW head NE
</p><p>1) [Drawing(artifact:pot) XIV] drab clay vase ht 033
</p><p>2) copper blade [drawing(artifact:tool)] l 010
</p><p>3) close by but probably not belonging to it was a copper dagger l circ 026 (tip gone) also, not belonging, a group o pots (at - same level)
</p><p>4) [drawing(artifact:pot) CCCCLXXX] ht 007 rim 012 drab clay
</p><p>5) like (1) but man dumping in cutline ht 033 rim 013
</p><p>6) [drawing(artifact:pot) XV] ht 030 rim 014 base 012 drab clay
</p><p>7) [drawing(artifact:pot) ICXXI] drab clay ht 030 rim 010
</p><p>8) [drawing(arifact:pot) TO LX] ht 022 rim 010 drab clay
</p>:
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1
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<p>PG 1242 at 230 h pt 29 B depth 300
mat lined trough grave NW x SE head NW
</p><p>1) Copper Adze U 12177
</p><p>2) bowl of precious stone diam 012 chipped but complete
</p><p>3) Copper pin plain head l. 026 frm - middle o it a ring o small beads in black wood, lapis & carnelian with them 2 lapis frog amulets.
</p>
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<p>PG 1246
</p><p>at 850 frm pt 3250 B depth 260 (touching pg 1245) Remains o clay larnax NE x SW
</p><p>1) remains o large white shell cylinder seal hopelessly decayed.
</p>
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<p>Pg 1247 At 930 frm pt 25 B Depth 570</p>
<p>Wooden coffin lying NWxSE head NW</p>
<p>Outside - head in</p>
<p>U.12106, U.12103,</p>
<p>1) Coffin 2 spears</p>
<p>2) poker type U.12105</p>
<p>3, 4) 2 arrow heads U.12104</p>
<p>5) 1 harpoon</p>
<p>6) 1 oval copper bowl</p>
<p>7) 1 clay pot broken no type</p>
<p>[drawing (plan of grave)]</p>
<p>In - grave 8) copper adze U.12102</p>
<p>9) copper bowl hemispherical III diam 008</p>
<p>10) copper bowl, oval, badly broken</p>
<p>11) copper knife</p>
<p>12) greenish grey steatite bowl U.12110</p>
<p>13) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled I] copper bowl, smooth</p>
<p>14) copper strainer</p>
<p>15) plain clay saucer</p>
<p>16) clay pot too broke to type</p>
<p>17) 18) broken clay pots</p>
<p>19) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled VIII] small copper <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">clay</span> bowl w worn handle V, much crushed & broken</p>:
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1
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<p>PG 1252 at 230 frm pt 2950 B depth 280 mat lined trough grave NW x SE
</p><p>1) [drawing(artifact:pot) XV] ht 035 rim 013 drab clay
</p><p>2) copper pot ht 005 [drawing(artifact:pot) XLIV] diam 017
</p><p>3) copper pot something like this but hopelessly smashed = rim diam 012 ht o rim 004 [drawing(artifact:pot)]
</p><p>4) at - front o - grave 2 pots o drab clay type ______ ht circ 032 [drawing(artifact:pot) XIV]
</p>
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<p>Pg 1278 At 470 frm pt. 2360 B depth 550
Remains of mat lined grave NW x SE
</p><p>1) bowl o grey Steatite broken U 12179</p><p>
2) Copper Axe [Drawing(artifact:tool)] U 12163</p><p>
3) Copper Knife U 12164</p><p>
4) Whetstone U 12165</p><p>
5) frs o large pot probably ht 040 rim 012</p><p>
6) a second copper vase diam circ 011 crushed & decayed </p><p>
7) a second copper axe o same type U 12166
</p>
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<p>Pg 1289 At 660 frm pt 2380 B depth 630</p>
<p>immediately below Pg 1288 but a bit further to - SW Larnax from NE x SW head SW</p>:
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<p>Pg 1290 At 680 frm 23.50 B depth 650</p>
<p>Remains o mat lined trough grave lying NE x SW head SW.</p>
<p>1) Copper spear l .035 U.12194</p>
<p>2) Copper axe [drawing (artifact: tool)] (broken) l .0175 X 005 U.12195</p>
<p>3) Copper bowl, oval, l.018, crushed & broken LXIII</p>
<p>4) 2 large facetted lapis lentoid beads U.12196</p>
<p>5) Copper knife l. 025 U.12197</p>
<p>6) On a copper ring , a whetstone <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">l. 2</span> U.12198</p>
<p>7) Copper tweezers & stiletto U.12199</p>
<p>8) Copper pin w lapis ball head (broken). <strong>v</strong> (hopeless condition)</p>
<p>9) Lapis double lentoid beads. U.12200,</p>:
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1
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<p>Pg 1292 at 200 frm pt 3350 behind - line depth 550</p>
<p>mat-lined trough grave NE x SW head SW</p>
<p>1) By - feet a string o carn rings & lapis lentoids 4 only, set on opposite sides o - string in pairs w 5 rings bet. - 2 in each case U.12206</p>
<p>2) Copper bowl diam 012, in poor condition hemispherical III</p>
<p>3) copper axe [drawing (artifact: tool)] U.12207</p>
<p>4) 5 examples o type [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled CCCCIII] ht 023 rim 010 drab clay</p>
<p>5) 3 plain saucers o drab clay</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 1293</p><p> (1) At 300 frm pt 24 B depth 740</p>
<p>[sketch(plan:grave) with objects labeled]</p>
<p>A, B, C, too broken to type</p>
<p>D = ht 030 rim 012 greenish drab clay</p>
<p>E ht 026 rim 012 drab clay broken = </p>
<p>Both D & E were in - filling, 060 above - floor o - grave.</p>:
|
1
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<p>Pg 1312
</p><p>[sketch(plan: grave) associated artifacts labeled 5, 30, 2, 8, 4, 6, 7]
</p>
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Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 9.521 1 - -total
100.00% 9.521 1 - .NTgyNg.NTgyNQ
-->:
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1
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<p>PG 1331 at 1046 m pt 1070B depth 230 Mat lined trough grave lying NE x SW head SW body on l. side.
</p><p>1) On rt. shoulder a copper pin l. 012
</p><p>2) by copper pin a copper bowl hemispherical diam 011 in bad condition not cataloged. III U 12,333
</p><p>3) on v small silver coil ear rings w lunate ends, 2 interwoven coils to eachear-ring U. 12334
</p><p>4) a few small double conoid gold & lentoid lapis beads and one carnelian U. 12,335
</p>
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Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 5.772 1 - -total
100.00% 5.772 1 - .NTg1NA.NTg1Mw
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<p>PG 1332 (2)</p>
<p>(10) 3 strings lapis d.c.s & silver silver occurred in groups of 6 2 silver ear rings</p>
<p>(11) 2 strings lapis & silver d c. 6 lapis w silver in middle</p>
<p>(12) lapis & silver double conoids</p>
<p>(13) Pair of silver ear rings & cockle shells</p>
<p>(14) Lapis balls.</p>
<p>(15) Lapis balls</p>
<p>(16) Lapis balls.</p>
<p>(17) Lapis & silver double conoids</p>
<p>(18) <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">lapis</span> & silver <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">double conoids</span> ear rings</p>
<p>(19) [joined to (18) with mark]</p>
<p>[no (20) on card]</p>
<p>(21)(22) lapis & silver double conoids</p>
<p>(23) nothing</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 1332 U12433</p>
<p>With the bodies were</p>
<p>With (3) nothing</p>
<p>With (4) copper dagger (?) hopelessly decayed.</p>
<p>With (5) v(a) copper pin w plain ball head IV B v(b) string o lapis & silver double conoid beads v(c) silver wire spiral coil earrings</p>
<p>With (6) nothing</p>
<p>With v(7) string of lapis lentoid beads cockleshells w green paint</p>
<p>With v(8) lapis double coinoid beads & 1 large agate lentoid copper knife (?) completely decayed.</p>
<p>With v(9) string of lapis double coinoid beads copper pin VI B w copper ball head cylinder seal o white shell much decayed</p>
<p>With (10)v silver wire spiral coil ear-rings</p>
<p>With (11) copper pin VI B with copper ball head v string of lapis double conoid beads cockleshells w green paint</p>
<p>With (12) silver wire spiral coil ear rings v small lapis lentoid beads</p>:
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1
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|
<p>PG 1332</p>
<p>also been dug</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>PG 1332</p>
<p>To second row 1.1m down from No (10)</p>
<p>(15) Side level with side of (10)</p>
<p>[sketch(plan:grave) showing only location of skulls, labeled with body numbers]</p>:
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1
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<p>Pg 1332</p>
<p>With (13) v silver pin w lapis head V B small limestone bowl, crushed v lapis ball beads</p>
<p>With (14)v lapis ball beads</p>
<p>With (15)v lapis & silver ball beads, 3 rows</p>
<p>With (16). shell cylinder seal broken & decayed v lapis & silver double conoid beads copper pin VI B with copper head</p>
<p>With (17) v lapis ball beads silver wire spiral coil ear rings</p>
<p>With (18) v lapis lentoid beads</p>
<p>With (19) nothing</p>
<p>With (20) v lapis lentoid beads</p>
<p>With (21) nothing.</p>
<p>With (22) 3 rows of small lapis ball beads.</p>
<p>With one of the bodies was a single silver lunate ear-ring; a smaller version of the large gold lunate ear-rings commonly found.</p>:
|
1
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<p>Pg 1332</p>
<p>[sketch(plan:grave) labeled with body numbers]</p>
<p>Death pit only partly excavated as it runs under - high earth</p>
<p>1) two copper objects l. 030 width 004 lying one on top o- other : in each tr was a nail 013 fm - curved end. [drawing (artifact)]</p>
<p>2) copper cobra's head & shell plaques from a wooden harp</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 1332</p>
<p>[sketch(plan:grave) labeled with body numbers]</p>
<p>depth 9.00</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>PG 1332Â ? 2m?</p>
<p>[sketch(plan:grave) showing skulls and upper body bones, labeled with body numbers]</p>:
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1
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|
<p>PG 1340 at 460 m pt -260 B depth 340 remains o mat lined trough grave NW x SE head NW.
</p><p>1) by - ears 4 beads (and balls) o rich copper and carnelian appropriately used as ear-ring
</p><p>2) [drawing(artifact:pot) CLVI] ht 009 rim 007 base 005 drab clay.
</p><p>3) another pot similar
</p>
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Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 5.455 1 - -total
100.00% 5.455 1 - .NTg3Mg.NTg3MQ
-->:
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1
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<p>Pg 1341
</p><p>At 140 from pt 1380 depth 330. remains of a mat lined trough grave, direction uncertain
</p><p>1) Copper Necklace U12604
</p><p>2) Copper reticule l .021 idth 0045 Poor condition & parts missing.
</p>
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Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 5.194 1 - -total
100.00% 5.194 1 - .NTg3Mw.NTg3Mg
-->:
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1
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<p>PG 1347 at 360 from pt 150 B depth 460 Remains o mat lined trough grave direction uncertain</p><p> round - ends o - trough, 4 saucers, plain & 4 examples o - pot ht 022 rim 010 all of drab clay.
</p>
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Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 5.459 1 - -total
100.00% 5.459 1 - .NTg3OQ.NTg3OA
-->:
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1
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<p>PG 1353 at 670 from pt 0 b depth 4[illegible due to smear] 480 mat lined trough grave NW x SE a baby's grave measuring 060 x 035
</p><p>at one end of grave a copper knife o very [drawing(artifact:tool)] angular type l. 018 also a pot similar in type.
</p>
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Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 6.666 1 - -total
100.00% 6.666 1 - .NTg4NQ.NTg4NA
-->:
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1
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<p>PG 1355
at 1120 from pt. 320 B depth 470 Remains o mat lined trough grave lying NExSW
</p><p>1) copper axe l 0185 ht 007 U 12625
</p><p>2) a simple carnelian ring bead.
</p>
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Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 6.989 1 - -total
100.00% 6.989 1 - .NTg4Nw.NTg4Ng
-->:
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1
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|
<p>PG 1361 at 600 h pt 050 depth 510 Remains o mat lined trough burial direction uncertain.
</p><p>1) copper ear-rings (hopeless)
</p><p>2) copper pin V B l. 0165
</p><p>3) plain drab clay saucer
</p><p>4) [drawing(artifact:pot) CXVII] ht 038 rim 12 drab clay broken
</p>
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Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 5.793 1 - -total
100.00% 5.793 1 - .NTg5Mw.NTg5Mg
-->:
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1
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|
<p>PG 1364 at 200 from pt -300 B depth 530 U 12,637 mat lined trough grave NW x SE head NW.
</p><p>1) copper reticule
</p><p>2) [drawing(artifact:pot) TO LX] ht 023 rim 010 drab clay broken
</p><p>3) [drawing(artifact:pot) CCCCXXXIX] ht 025 rim 012 red clay w hematite wash]
</p><p>4,5) Similar to (3) but smaller & broken
</p><p>6) outside - grave drab pot [drawing(artifact:pot) ICV] ht 021 rim 010
</p><p>7) cylinder seal shell with copper caps.
</p>
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Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 12.766 1 - -total
100.00% 12.766 1 - .NTg5Nw.NTg5Ng
-->:
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1
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|
<p>Pg 1368
</p><p>at 260 from pt-400B depth 560 U 12640
</p><p>Remains o mat lined trough grave NE x SW head SW
</p><p>1) Copper Axe l .019 [drawing(artifact:tool)]
</p><p>2) Cylinder seal with shell, poor condition.
</p>
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Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 6.035 1 - -total
100.00% 6.035 1 - .NTkwMQ.NTkwMA
-->:
|
1
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|
<p>pg 1372 at 200 frm pt 560 B depth 500
</p><p>Remains o mat lined trough grave direction uncertain
</p><p>1) white shell cylinder seal in poor condition
</p><p>2) small copper blade l. 010 [drawing(artifact:tool)] width 0022
</p><p>3) 5 examples o type [drawing(artifact:pot) CCCCIII] ht 022 rim 010 drab clay
</p>
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Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 6.905 1 - -total
100.00% 6.905 1 - .NTkwNQ.NTkwNA
-->:
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<p>Pg 1380
</p><p>At 820 frm pt 700 B
depth 540 <b>U.12665</b>
</p><p>Remains o mat-lined trough grave
Direction uncertain
</p><p>1) copper pin, straight w tang head, l 016
</p><p>2) along - edge o - skirt(?) by - waist, a row o shell rings
</p><p>3) on - arm a bracelet o small beads, lapis balls, carn rings & bugles, & one carn. w white bleached bands.
</p><p>4) cockle shell w green paint
</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>Pg 1381</p>
<p>At 200 frm pt - 650 depth 610</p>
<p>Remains of mat-lined trough burial NW x SE head NW. Plundered.</p>
<p>1) a single rock crystal bead U.12668</p>
<p>2) by - side o - grave a cylinder seal, small, of greenish calcite U.12667</p>
<p>3) on - other side, a cylinder seal, small of dark steatite U.12666</p>
<p>4) by - head [drawing (artifact: pot) CCCCIII] ht 022 rim 010 drab clay</p>:
|
1
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<p>Pg 1382
</p><p>At 700 frm pt 300
depth 680
</p><p>mat lined trough burial NE x SW
head SW = but - head o - grave had been
cut away in - 1st part o - season
</p><p>1) copper axe [drawing (artifact: tool) labeled XXII] l. 019 U.12669
</p><p>2) copper bowl
w slight depressed spout
ht 010 diam 024 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled XV] U.12670
</p><p>3) oval copper bowl, l 018 U.12671
inside it - remains o a small hemispherical
copper bowl <ins>III</ins>
</p><p>4) copper pins, 2 , one w lapis ball head
one w <strike>?plain very?</strike> <ins>carnelian</ins> head (broken) U.12672
</p><p>5) veined calcite bowl diam 0205 U.12673
</p><p>6) lapis cylinder seal strung on a thin
silver wire ring, probably a bracelet U.12674
</p><p>7) long shell cylinder w geometric ornament
(found inside (5) U.12675
</p><p>8) v. small silver coil ear-ring
</p><p>9) shell cut as lamp. U.12671
</p><p>10) frs. o 4 pots [drawing (artifact: pot) labled TO LX] ht 022 rim 010 drab clay
</p><p>11) inside (5), silver wire spiral coil earrings or fingerrings. U.12676
</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>Pg 1383 at 580 frm pt 360 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">190</span> depth 6.10 <strong>U.12677</strong></p>
<p>Remains o mat lined trough grave NW X SE</p>
<p>1) copper pin l. 018</p>
<p>2) Small lapis cylinder seal</p>
<p>3) String o carn. ring beads.</p>
<p>4) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled CLVI] ht 009 rim 005 rough, drab clay,</p>
<p>5) Another similar but more squat</p>
<p>6) remains o several plain saucers</p>
<p>7) remains o 4 pots type [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled TOLX] ht 022 rim 010 drab clay</p>
<p>8) Small silver lentoid eroded coil ear-ring</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>Pg 1384 at 160 frm pt 450 depth 570</p>
<p>mat-lined trough grave NE X SW at one end</p>
<p>1) 2 examples o type [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled XIV] ht 032 rim 012 drab clay</p>
<p>2) a number o [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled XIV] plain saucers, broken</p>
<p>3) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled TO LX] ht 022 rim 010 drab clay broken = at least 2 examples</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>Pg 1385 (2) at 900 depth 680 frm pt 1100 B (w - v. small stone bowl)</p>
<p>6) Copper pan [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled CI] (handle broken) diam 022 base 008 ht 006</p>
<p>7) Copper lamp normal shell type</p>
<p>8) white calcite vase ht 0175 rim 0095</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>Pg 1385 [encircled] 1 at 830 frm pt 1100 B depth 650</p>
<p><strong>U.12678</strong></p>
<p>1) Copper pin V B w lapis & gold ball head</p>
<p>2) Copper pin VI B w lapis head</p>
<p>3) Cylinder, shell, decayed</p>
<p>4) v. small white limestone bowl w nicked rim U</p>
<p>5) Copper bowl</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>Pg 1387 (2)</p>
<p>9) at - head end o - grave, 20 plain drab clay saucers</p>
<p>10) w these, [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled TO LX] drab clay ht 022 rim 010 and</p>
<p>11) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled with check mark] drab clay ht 022 rim 009 ICXXV</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>PG 1387</p><p> Alwai At 970 frm pt - 130 B depth 740</p>
<p>mat-lined trough grave NE x SW head SW <strong>U12,680</strong></p>
<p>1) blue cylinder seal in middle of grave</p>
<p>2) copper pin with ball head v</p>
<p>3) by skull copper axe - [drawing (artifact: tool) labeled 015 .012]</p>
<p>4) long carnelian bead 006. Lapis 002, [?from auth?] carnelian</p>
<p>5) stone bowl diam 015 depth 005 [drawing (artifact: pot)]</p>
<p>6) silver <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[?]</span> ring. completely destroyed</p>
<p>7) copper bowl diam 012 009. crushed</p>
<p>8) vanity case. copper. length 009.</p>
<!--
Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 5.641 1 - -total
100.00% 5.641 1 - .NTkyNQ.NTkyNA
-->:
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1
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<p>Pg 1389 ([Azus?] grave)</p>
<p>At 2.30 frm pt 550B = depth 610 mat-lined trough grave (only partly dug, the rest being under - high earth)</p>
<p>1) shell cylinder seal presentation scene hopeless.</p>
<p>2) round copper ladle 10 diam. broken & part missing</p>
<p>3) copper pin hopelessly decayed</p>
<p>4) <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">smal</span> silver earring - hopelessly decayed</p>
<p>5) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled TO LX] ht 023 rim 010 drab clay 2 examples at - end o - grave</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>Pg 1390 At 700 frm pt 720 depth</p>
<p>Remains o mat-lined trough grave Direction uncertain</p>
<p>1) copper needle l. 011 U.11692</p>
<p>2 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled XIV] drab clay ht 032 rim 012</p><p>3) a second similar</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>PG 1394 at 350 from pt -400 B depth 640 Remains o mat lined trough grave direction uncertain. U 12,645
</p><p>1)w -shell a silver earring o normal small lunate type and a ring o round flat silver probably a remnant from coiled wire spiral hair ring.
</p><p>2) copper bowl diam 015 hemispherical
</p><p>3) limestone bowl or [?] heavy diam 015.
</p>
<!--
Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 10.828 1 - -total
100.00% 10.828 1 - .NTkzMw.NTkzMg
-->:
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1
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|
<p>Pg 1397 <strong>U.12698</strong> At  420 frm pt - 200 B depth 640</p>
<p>Remains o mat lined trough grave NW x SE head NW</p>
<p>1) silver ear-ring, composite, spiral coil of silver wire, intertwined w this a second coil, & looped on to it again a small coil w lunate ends = one only</p>
<p>2) At - neck a single carn bugle bead, another by - shoulder, & on - head one of lapis rods = all from a frontlet slipped out of position</p>
<p>3) At - foot o - grave six examples of [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled CCCCIII] ht 022 rim 010, 1 of greenish & - next o drab clay</p>
<p>4) At - waist a copper knife l. 0185</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>Pg 1398 <strong>U.12699</strong></p>
<p>At 650 frm pt - 730<span style="text-decoration:line-through;">2</span> depth 700</p>
<p>Mat lined trough grave NE x SW, head SW</p>
<p>1) At- head o - grave, outside it, [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled CLXXXVI ?] two examples o type</p>
<p>2) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled CXVII] ht 038 rim 012 drab clay</p>
<p>3) Copper finger-ring, plain</p>
<p>4) copper pin, str., plain, l .013.</p>
<p>3) At - neck some v. small silver beads & a few stones, carnelian & light blue paint</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>Pg 1399 at 050 frm pt 350 B Depth 650</p>
<p>mat-lined trough grave from NE x SW head SW</p>
<p>V 1) Copper pin w lapis head l.0215 U.12700</p>
<p>2) CCCCXIII [drawing (artifact: pot)] ht 029 rim 013 base 006 pinkish drab clay</p>
<p>3) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled TO LX] ht 022 rim 010 drab clay & frs. of 2 more similar</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 396 TTF 1.7 m Below surface an infant larnax grave 080 long 040 wide in middle lying NW x SE. Unknown bones - all in hopeless condition</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 537 = Pg/580
</p><p>At 550 fm - surface & 330 below a
3rd dyn. rubbish deposit was a narrow
trench matting lined lying approx. ExW
In this lay 10 copper spearheads &
a gold spear.
</p><p>The spearheads were 0365 long w plain
rectangular section & rectangular haft U9123
Round - hafts were plain evidences o wooden
hafts.
</p><p>All lay side by side w - points in -
same direction thus, & - gold one by - U9122
[sketch (artifact: weapon)]
side of them. The copper was in v. bad
state - second row o spears was larger,
041-045 : one 054
</p><p>The gold is 040 long.
Above - spears lay 2 cow's skulls.
</p>
<!--
Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 5.670 1 - -total
100.00% 5.670 1 - .MjE5OQ.MjE5OA
-->:
|
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|
<p>Pg 537 = Pg/580 TTE
</p><p>with - gold spear were also
</p><p>3) a set of 8 light javelin blades of
copper U9141
</p><p>5) 2 large heavy whetstones U.9140
</p><p>6) copper club head studded w nails U 9137
</p><p>7) another copper spearhead like the
first 10 U.9123
</p><p>8) copper saw, broken: U.9138
</p><p>9) copper chisel l. 030 U.9132
</p><p>10) another, l. 026 (broken) U.9133
</p><p>11) another l. 029 (broken) U.9134
</p><p>12) copper tool [drawing (artifact: tool)] l. 011 U.9136
</p><p>13) remains o a tool w blade & tang
o <b>wrought iron</b> (?!) U.9139
</p><p>14) a gold chisel l.0095 U.9130
</p><p>15) a very fine gold chisel or awl U.9131
</p><p>16) copper chisel, fine, l 016 U.9135
</p>
<!--
Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00% 11.373 1 - -total
100.00% 11.373 1 - .MjIwMA.MjE5OQ
-->:
|
1
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|
<p>PG 540 TTG
</p><p>2.7m below the surface, an inhumation
grave. No traces of burning. Body NW x
SE. Head NW. Body on left side.
</p><p>[drawing (plan: grave) labeled]
</p><p>(1) Against front of body, parallel with
shoulder, head level with it, a
copper pin with a silver ball head.
Rounded in section Ht 029. U.9065
</p><p>(2) Against the pin a Lapis Lazuli
cylinder seal L 002 Gilgamesh & [?Gulerda?]
a Lion & Bull. U.9064
</p><p>(3) A finger ring. Copper core gold plated U9062 [U.9062]
</p><p>(4) Two copper ear rings. single [?] U.9063
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 540 (2) TTG
</p><p>(5) A bone bead shaped like a wheel
with a thick hub and having a
conical cap
</p><p>(6) A Bone pin and pear shaped pieces
of bone inlay
</p><p>(7) At back of head a bone comb
broken but complete
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 540 TTG
</p><p>(8) Against the side of the body 3 pots of light drab clay Ht 020 Rim 0115
[drawing (artifact: pot)] CCCCXXVIII
</p><p>(9) very light drab clay Rim 021 Ht 021
Base 007
[drawing (artifact: pot)] CXVIII
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 541 TTG</p>
<p>OA - 300 [?] - surface inhumation grave lying E x W, head W. clean sand ? head</p>
<p>1) By - mouth, copper bowl, hemispherical in bad condition III</p>
<p>2) By - right upper arm a copper pin [?Rounded?] head & short tang l. 029 U.9159</p>
<p>3) connected on to this a copper finger ring (the fingers o - left hand [?] arm pin) U.9459</p>
<p>4) touching- [?] [drawing (plan: burial)] o - pin a dark steatite cylinder seal w 1 coppercup. Presentation scene. U.9158</p>
<p>5) Copper earrings [drawing (artifact: jewelry)] U.9162</p>
<p>6) at - [??] [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: W LX] ht 020 rim 010 drab clay [?]</p>
<p>7) W it drab clay [?] [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: XIX] ht 025 rim 009</p>
<p>8) pinkish drab clay ht 026 rim 013 base 010 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: XIX]</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 542 TTG
</p><p>3m Below the surface an inhumation
grave. Body on left side NE x SW. Head
SW No traces of burning
</p><p>[drawing (plan: sketch)]
</p><p>(1) Against head parallel with [drawing (artifact)labeled: 1X]
body tip level with mouth
bead with <strike> chest </strike> shoulder & copper pin. Rounded in section
L 0225
</p><p>(2) A copper Bowl rim 0205 HT [?]
[drawing (artifact: pot)] U.9067
</p><p>(3) Ht 038 Rim 010
[drawing (artifact: pot)] TO LX
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 542 (2) TTG
</p><p>(4) A copper finger ring
</p><p>(5) A Copper Ear Ring
</p><p>Body in a reed mat smeared with
bitumen; which was up vertically at
the sides
</p><p>(6) Against the side of the matting a vase
of light drab clay Ht 025 Rim 012
coated with bitumen
[drawing (artifact: pot)] CCCCXV
</p><p>(7) light drab clay Ht 023 similar b- (6)
</p><p>(9) At Feet a vase of Pinkish Drab Clay
Ht 022 Rim 009 Base 006 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: CCCC III]
This vase really [?uncurred?] loose
in sand 1m above the grave
</p><p>(10) Similar b- (6) Ht 022
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 543
</p><p>19) shell cut as [?pendant?]
</p><p>20) copper pin w lapis head, v
l 025 in v. bad condition
broken & [?mulled?] all through, not kept
</p><p>21) apart - middle o this a <strike> lapis </strike> silver
cylinder seal (also in bad
condition) U.9149
</p><p>22) copper box, circular w lid U.9147
& knob, ht 005 diam 007 XCVII
</p><p>23) earring of silver & gold U.9146
</p><p>24) b- feet a few small beads of bone
U.9157
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 543 TTG
</p><p>At level 300 below surface, inhumation coffin
160 x 080 x 050 deep lying NE x SW,
head SW.
</p><p>[drawing (plan: grave) labeled: corresponding numbers to list description]
[drawing (artifact: sketch) labeled: LABEL]
</p><p>1) Round -fractured
a round diadem of
silver, width 0035
mirror decayed
mini plain plate
</p><p>2) necklace of
moderate sized
double conoid
beads sitting in
sets of 6 gold
& 6 lapis
alternating
with a few
agates & carnelian [?which?] occasionally
between - gold beads (the gold are mini plated
& copper) U.9143
</p><p>3) necklace of flat plate beads alternating
gold & lapis U.9142
</p><p>4)necklace of a vy small gold & smaller
lapis, string alternating
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 543 (3)
</p><p>crystal ring, by carnelian lapis, &
a silver button pendant seal [?]
with design U.9153
</p><p>13) on back arm a plain silver
bracelet U.9152
</p><p>14) on - fingers silver rings, rt hand
index finger 4 rings, middle 1 double
ring 2cm - left hand 1
belt ring [drawing (artifact: jewelry)] thus. U.9152
</p><p>15) at - X a quantity of small pieces o
bone inlay probably from a wooden
box U.9154
</p><p>16) [?] shell, broken
</p><p>17) copper bowl, ht diam
hemispherical III U.9155
</p><p>18) copper bowl 018 x 022, oval w
slip sides & art turned top LXIII U.9156
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 544 TTG
</p><p>5.6m below Surface an inhumation grave
parallel with PG and ab same level.
NE x SW Head NE No burning, Body on
left side - sand underneath the head
</p><p>[drawing (plan: grave)]
</p><p>(1) Round head a silver diadem. Hopeless condition. 0025 wide
</p><p>(2) Below mouth an inverted copper bowl.
</p><p>(3) At neck a necklace of gold & <strike> lapis </strike> carnelian beads
apparently 3 gold to one carnelian U.9088
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 544 (2) TTG
</p><p>(4) Upon the breast a lapis lazuli cylinder
seal. Ht 0035 d 0012 2 registers Men, rampart [?lion?], gazelle U.9082
</p><p>(5) A minute gold pigeon or dove? with
a greenish blue stone tail let in
This was found in the middle of the
upper necklace (18) among the lozenge shaped silver & lapis beads but it
probably did not belong to the necklace
as there was <b>no</b> hole perforated through
it to allow of suspension U.9089
</p><p>[section erased and undecipherable]
</p><p>(6) Two ear rings 1 1/2 cab both silver. U.9087 [drawing (artifact:jewelry)]
</p><p>(7) Rim 010 Ht 005 hopeless condition - copper bowl
</p><p>(8) copper bowl. longer and flatter than (7)
hopelessly broken & corroded.
</p><p>(9) A copper knife. L 019 flat blade, [?] on either side of slab tanf 3 copper rivets [drawing (artifact: weapon)] U.9080
</p><p>(10) A copper Pin L 025 rounded in section
point towards head and lying
over the top of the
beast [drawing (artifact: tool)]
the lapis seal (4) was
immediately against the form U.9081
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 552 TTG
</p><p>3m below the surface an inhumation grave body NxS Head N no traces of burning Body on right side.
</p><p>(1) Parallel with the the body against the foot. <strike>Hand</strike> Point of pin level with shoulder. head level with breast U.9092 copper pin rounded in section L0245
</p><p>(2) Attaching to the stem of the pin, thus a lapis lentoid bead with a rampant gazzelle engraved upon it U.9092
</p><p>[drawing (artifact:jewelry)]
</p><p>(3) Around the neck two necklaces.
</p><p>(a) Lapis ball beads U.9094
</p><p>(B) Silver Ball Beads U.9093
</p><p>(4) Two silver Ear Rings - single coil. [drawing (artifact: jewelry)]
</p>
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<p>PG 558 TTG 1.5 m below surface a group of clay pots 1 [drawing, artifact] Tyle - #0235 [drawing, artifact] 2 [drawing, artifact] Tyle Wt 002 Rim 012 [drawing, artifact] # 028 Run 018 [drawing, artifact] [drawing, artifact]</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 559
</p><p>16) like (14), all broken up
</p><p>17) [drawing(artifact:pot)] doubtful, all broken up drab clay, but apparently this type CCCC
</p><p>18) on one toe, a copper ring U.9288
</p><p>19) a copper cauldron
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 559 TTG
</p><p>(8) on - left hand, rings
</p><p>on - little finger 1 silver & 1 copper
</p><p>on - next finger 1 silver
</p><p>on - middle finger 1 silver U.9277
</p><p>9) near - head - copper reticule U.9286
</p><p>10) above - head a short copper knife l. 0125 U.9287
</p><p>11) dark steatite cylinder seal, heroes & beasts, inscription [?] U.9283
</p><p>12) Cockle shell w black paint
</p><p>at - foot o - grave
</p><p>13) [drawing(artifact:pot)] CCCCXIII]ht 034 rim 014 red clay broken
</p><p>14) red clay ht 022 rim 010 [drawing(artifact:pot)] TO LX
</p><p>15) large pot of drab clay <strike>[drawing(artifact:pot)labeled:CCCCXVII]</strike> broken & doubtful
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 574
</p><p>9) Plain saucer red clay
</p><p>10) [drawing (artifact:pot)] ht 019 rim 005 [?] of light drab clay CCXXXI
</p><p>11) [drawing (artifact:pot)] ht 024 rim 012 light drab clay. to XXXVI [?]
</p>
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|
<p>PG 574 TTG
</p><p>at 320 below surface wicker work coffin lying NW x SE head SE
</p><p>1) on - rt upper arm parallel w bowl & pt to shoulder a copper pin w thickened head & short tang l 027 U.9329
</p><p>2) Copper ear ring
</p><p>3) on rt waist a string o 2 copper ball beads 1 small carnelian type 1 long centroid of hematite.
</p><p>4) at rt hand a copper finger ring.
</p><p>5) b - head [drawing (artifact:pot)] pot o red ware ht is 022 as drawn = much broken. CCCCLVII
</p><p>at the foot o coffin</p><p>6)[drawing of pot marked XIX] Ht 028 rim 012 drab clay
</p><p>7) [drawing of pot marked CCCCXXV] ht 020 rim 010 drab clay
</p><p>8) plain suacer red ware
</p>
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|
<p>Pg 580
</p><p>at - same level, or approx. - same, as -
shell silhouettes, tr were frs. o 2 steatite
vases one w bands & chevrons in relief, one
w a close scale pattern.
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 580
</p><p>The shapeless remains o a copper bowl
found by - beads (2nd lot) was on a level
1.10 above - where were found further pieces
of shell inlay with animal scenes
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 580
</p><p>There were remains of bone & a patch of matting
close to third (lowest) lot of mixed beads near the
NE wall : with these a white calcite vase in
poor condition [drawing (artifact: pot)] ht 0125 rim 007
also a large lentoid
gold bead with cloisonne
[drawing (artifact: bead)] decoration originally set with
lapis : further towards -
W. corner o - grave was a gold finger ring of
cloisonne work in lapis
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 580
</p><p>type already found in this grave
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 580
</p><p>[drawing (plan: grave)]
spears
gold spear
chisels &
gold chisel
[?blue?] cylinder seal
cow's (?) skull
spears
silver jugs
beads here scattered in sil
arrows spears gold adze
copper axes
copper bowls
belt & dagger
copper bowls slender spear heads copper bowls
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 580
near one of the groups of spears were - remains
of 2 bitumen bellums , one 037 long, the
second was over a metre long but too broken
up in - soil to be properly measured.
of the objects seemed to be in any order
& as they were found a few at a time as -
work was carried further & further into -
cliff their relative positions are not well
established ; on separate page some of the main
groups are shown approximately.
No body or remains of a body were
found.
The beads, gold ,lapis & carnelian, were
scattered in the soil with no order at all;
the bits of gold band binding were
all over the place but often several in a
row as if from different handles : the
gold adze (U 9339) lay touching the 3
pieces of band probably belonging to its handle
& 2 smaller band pieces.
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 580
of the original shaft only - N corner w - NE
& NW sides were present : - rest had prob been
dug away by us in 1926-7 : - exact area was
difficult :- to fix ; it was approx. 650NE x 450NW
- Ht o - NW side o- shaft was still 270 above dagger level
Many o- smaller objects must h been thrown in
w - filling as they occurred at different depths (NB
tr can be no real doubt that - lapis cylinder
found in 1926-7 does belong to - grave). In-
filling tr were a few frs. o a tall calcite
spill vase ; in - N corner tr was a large pot
o red clay (broken) above - dagger level :
many beads (1st lot, 1927-8) were found by it.
Two small <strike>silh</strike> silhouette figures in shell (U9906)
were found 120 below dagger level by - NW wall
& an animal shell plaque (U ) nearly as
deep in - same place : probably then do not really
belong to- burial
<310, <220 for the sides
To N. corner A <335
C <80
F <1143
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 580 TTE
</p><p>7) Some very slender hollow-socketed spear
or arrowheads lengths up to 027
</p><p>8) Some loops and curves of copper
made w thin wire twisted tightly
round a copper rod or wire : purpose
not obvious
</p><p>9) Close to these but w no obvious connection w them
was a broken bowl o dark green steatite
[drawing (artifact: stone vessel)] type thus
</p><p>& (10) a crushed & broken copper hemispherical
bowl II
Over these, but not more than 050 above, was
a (broken) 'drain pipe') [drawing (artifact: drain) labeled CCXXV]
</p><p>11) 3 small shallow copper cups all decayed
</p><p>12) Some strips of gold binding for a staff, found at
005 apart, in a row. U9333
</p><p>13) Copper axe U9335
</p>
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<p>Pg 580 TTE
</p><p>at 500 below - surface, fairly close to - grave w -
gold spear ; no apparent grave but a large
collection of objects all more or less close
together in - soil,
Cf graves
</p><p>1) silver spouted vase
complete, but spout
bent back to - mouth. [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled]
ht 011
XXIX U9334 A
</p><p>2) a second tumbler, but - base badly broken
& - body distorted U9334 B
</p><p>3) copper [drawing (artifact: tool)] harpoon(?) w chisel points & single
barbs, l 014
at least 6 examples U9336
</p><p>4) copper lance heads(?) l 0175, square section
to blade, tang 005 long : perhaps 10 altogether U9337
</p><p>5) hollow socketted arrow heads, plain barbless
points l 010 : 4 or more U9338
</p><p>6) 2 or more barbed arrow heads
with hollow sockets [drawing (artifact: weapon)]
</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>Pg 580 TTE
</p><p>For an area measuring some 700x400
there lay at a depth of almost 550 below -
surface two layers of matting : between these
the whole area was full of objects in copper
& gold : at one end came the gold spear &
chisels , towards- other end the gold dagger :
between came beads, & everywhere there were
spears & arrows generally in clusters as if
complete quivers had been laid on the
ground
</p><p>The silver belt was 135 long & 005 wide :
<ins>without the ring width was 008
across</ins>
in - ground a film of silver lay about half a
centimetre or less outside - main band as if
the latter had had an additional plating
which had been detached - this was for them
to stand & was removed.
</p><p>against - outside o- belt just above - handle
o- dagger were 3 gold nails against - silver but
not apparently fastened into it : possibly these
had been fastened to - outer plate.
</p>
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<p>PG 581 TTG</p>
<p>2.7m below the surface an inhumation grave Body wrapped in a reed mat. Bones loose in soil and confused. Body E x W Head E</p>
<p><br /> (1) Vase of light Drab Clay originally coated with a reddish haematite wash. Ht 022 Rim 010 [drawing (artifact: pot)] CCCCXIV</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>PG 582 TTG</p>
<p>3.7m below the surface an inhumation grave. No traces of burning. Bones loose and confused in the soil. In connection with them a number of clay vases.</p>
<p>(1) Light Drab Clay. Ht 022 Rim 010 [drawing (artifact: pot)] CCCCXXV</p>
<p>(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Similar to (1) Hts 021-023</p>
<p>(7) Pinkish Drab Clay. Ht 029 Rim 0103 Base 010</p>
<p>(8) Similar to (7) Ht 0265 [drawing (artifact: pot)] XIX</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 583 TTG</p>
<p>2.9m below the surface an inhumation grave. Body wrapped in reed mat lying E x W. Head E. Bones confused.</p>
<p>(1) A cylinder seal. White [?] at neck. a seated god a lion ETC Ht 0036 d 0021 - below neck U.9266</p>
<p>(2) A copper pin thickened head L 012 rectangular in section [side note: broken apart missing] Parallel with body [?] shoulder [drawing (artifact: jewelry)]</p>
<p>(3) Two copper finger rings [side note: I] U,9267 A & B</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>pg 584
</p><p>1) beads, lapis alternating w carnelian & gold.
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 584 TTG
</p><p>5m below the surface an inhumation grave
plundered in ancient times. only a few bones were
found, and a quantity of smashed pottery. Much
of the bitumened reed matting was still in
position. Also
</p><p>1) A Blue grey steatite bowl. Rim 018 Ht 010
Base 006 Badly broken.
</p><p>[drawing (artifact: pot)]U.9269]
</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>Pg 585 TTg</p>
<p>at 340 below surface, inhumation grave in matting lying E x W head W</p>
<p>1) b - elbow a copper axe l. 023 [drawing (artifact: weapon)] U.9331</p>
<p>2) copper bowl, much [?crushed?] & decayed hemispherical III U.9332</p>
<p>3) copper reticule, [?part/paint?] broken & bad condition</p>
<p>4) cylinder seal, black condition [?] 2 bulls 2 men 1 lior <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> U 99 </span> U.9330</p>
<p>5) pair of vy small & mini silver earrings, lunar cores, are broken</p>
<p>6) cockle shells, containing black & white paint</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 586 TTG</p>
<p>4.5m below the surface an inhumation grave. No traces of burning. Bones confused.</p>
<p>1) Around the neck a string of beads - strung in the following order</p>
<p>1 <strike>carnelian</strike>LAPIS double conoid</p>
<p>1 carnelian Ring bead</p>
<p>1 Lapis double conoid</p>
<p>1 Carnelian bugle bead</p>
<p>1 Lapis Double conoid</p>
<p>1 Carnelian Ring bead</p>
<p>1 Gold double conoid</p>
<p>1 Lapis double conoid</p>
<p>1 Carnelian bugle bead</p>
<p>9 in all U.9359</p>
<p>Ht 050 below the grave - loose in the soil - 4 solid copper wheels on a single hub</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact)] U.9360</p>
<p>- apparently [?was/not?] connected with the grave</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 587 TTG</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact)] U.8846</p>
<p>3.4m below the surface a bitumen [?bellum?] L 065 W 020 Ht in middle lying N x S</p>
<p>U.8844A <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> 9267 </span> (1) At one end of it a copper axe L 020 grtst W 0035 turned over tang</p>
<p>U.8844B (2) connected to it a copper axe rounded in section with thickened top L 0165 broken in 2 pieces.</p>
<p>U.8845 (3) [?] both of the pair and [?] knife & shell cylinder seal L 0024 [? ?] condition</p>
<p>Reed matting beneath 1-3 but no trace of bones.</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 592
</p><p>(2)
</p><p>(3) on fingers 3 copper rings d. 0024
rotten condition
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 592
</p><p>Same level as PG 591
</p><p>338 º - A
</p><p>21 º - C
</p><p>N. 45 º
</p><p>Baked Clay
Larnax grave immediately below surface
soil L 1.6, W. 060 depth 024. Grave was a
little below the level of the top of
the IIIrd Dyn: KISU wall of HT <strike> Dungi drain </strike> running NE x
SW - 10m away from the grave
</p><p>(1) SW End of grave
a pot of reddish
drab clay ht 016
md 0125 base 010 [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCXXXIII</p><p>Head Lay at NE end of
grave in a peculiar position
viz. the body appears
originally to have been in
a sitting position but owing
to the pressure of earth
must have fallen forward and sideways
as found [drawing (plan: grave)]
</p><p>(2) Around the neck 2 carnelian
beads, one ring bead, one lentoid, 2 ball
</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>pg 593</p>
<p>A <333 C <90</p>
<p>inhumation grave with traces of matting about 060 below the surface completely [?ruined?]</p>
<p>near the skull</p>
<p>(1) 4 beads, 2 carnelian, 1 big ring, 1 bangle 1 carnelian ring, small 2 steatite bangles</p>
<p>2) a copper chisel l. 0075, width of blade 0008</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 594
</p><p>324 º - A
</p><p>76 º - C
</p><p>N. 19 º
</p><p>[drawing (plan: grave) labeled]
</p><p>075m Below the surface an inhumation
grave; the skull (marked -a-) had fallen
forward so that the jaw was resting flat
upon the ground. This was exemplified further
by the position of the arm bone (b); the
probability being that the body was
originally in a sitting position the head
being roughly above the point marked x. For
position of body of PG 592.
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>pg 594
</p><p>(2)
</p><p>with the body
</p><p>(1) a vase of Light Drab Baked Clay
Ht. 010. Rim 0095 [drawing (artifact: pot)] CCCCVIII
</p><p>(2) a vase of light drab clay rim 009 Ht 0135 base 005 [drawing (artifact: pot)]
</p><p>74 [?]
355- [?]
</p><p>N 16 º
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 595</p>
<p>2/</p>
<p>8) next to (5) was another example thus ht 012 rim010 drab clay. [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCLIV</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> 9) under (b) [?3 words ?] </span></p>
<p>9) b the head (?) a copper finger ring of 1 1/3 twists of wire &</p>
<p>10) three small steatite lentoid beads</p>
<p>11) a red clay pot, broken, apparently o - same type as (5)</p>
<p>12) another similar, broken</p>
<p>13) remains o a bitumen [?] - - pots 11 & 12 lay alongside this, & it ran under [??] of bone as were found.</p>
<p>14) at a lower level & not necessarily belonging to - same grave (about 015 below the [?] away from [?]) pot red haematite [drawing (artifact: pot)] CCCCVIII ht 011 d rim 011, wash</p>
<p>15) [drawing (artifact: pot)] CLVI small drab pot W 007 rim 005</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 596
</p><p>the fact that it had a covering of
reed matting smeared in bitumen.
</p><p>Further excavation however proved
that the reed matting had no connexion
with the larnax grave but was an
intrusive burial at a slightly higher
level For in the matting were found
human leg bones; the matting had
really formed the floor of a second
grave, an inhumation burial perhaps
of the same period as the larnax
but slightly later.
</p><p>(1) on the bitumen matting a cockle
shell, no remains of paint
</p><p>(2) In [?] in with the inhumation
burial A greenish drab clay pot
badly smashed. Known Type
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 596
</p><p>TO A - 340 º
</p><p>TO C - 98 º
</p><p>N 40 º
</p><p>050m below surface a baked clay
inverted larnax grave, one end broken away, cover smashed. Level of grave about in a line with the middle of the Kisu of H.T.
</p><p>[drawing (plan: grave)labeled: objects numbered]
</p><p>A portion of the cover had collapsed and
fallen at an angle of about 20 º to
the floor of the grave. The cover such
as survived was remarkable for
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 608 (2)
</p><p>(3) Apparently at the girdle a copper axe, slender type; top broken. [drawing (artifact:tool) U.9511 L of blade 0215 in the middle 004 d. of socket 0015.
</p><p>(4) At wrist 2 pairs of copper bangles, 2 coroded together, 1 badly broken, all in poor condition. diams [005] thickness 0008 U.9512
</p>
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<p>PG 614
</p><p>(3) Ht 015 rim 0095 base 005 greenish drab clay [drawing (artifact:pot)] XIX variant
</p><p>(4) similar to (1) but badly broken.
</p><p>(5) Rim 008 Ht 014 Base 002 Dark drab clay
</p><p>(6) Similar to (5) Ht 0125 [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCLXVI
</p><p>(7) A baked clay strainer dark drab Ht. 007 Base & 0055 roughly made [drawing (artifact:tool)]
</p>
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<p>PG 614
To A-338[degrees]
To C-102[degrees]
</p><p>On a level with the top of the lower tier of the HT Kisu wall a disturbed inhumation grave: skull not found; a few broken & scattered bones with them a number of baked clay vases.
</p><p>(1) greenish drab Ht 0285 Rim 010 [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCLXXXVII
</p><p>(2) Greenish drab Ht 020 rim 0125 ribbed decoration 3 parrallel lines round shoulder & middle of the pot [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCLII
</p>
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<p>PG 630 308-A 73-C 338[degrees]-N
</p><p>2.3m below surface adjoining PG 628 and almost touching it a disturbed inhumation grave only object found was a fragment of a thin copper pin in rotten condition.
</p>
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<p>PG 640
233-D
330-A
341[degrees] N
</p><p>2.5 below surface an inhumation grave usual type: body on left side lying on reed matting. [drawing (plan:grave)]
</p><p>1) Lying on left shoulder a copper axe with turned over tang [drawing (artifact:tool)] L 0165 U.9550 grtst w of blade 004
</p>
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<p>PG 659</p><p>A [angle] 310= 300 along drain from PG 661 Direction [angle] 315 Photo
</p><p>Larnax grave at 300 below surface right against drain wall (partially destroyed b it) & level w - lower course o burnt brick wash</p><p> -Coffin was unusual=it had square end and [untried?] [?] w ribs like ribs o a sq. [?] wash copper [?] and a lid on 2 handle like projections.
</p><p>ht 080 width 050 [draing (plan: grave)]</p>:
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<p>PG 662</p><p>317[degrees]-A 53[degrees]-C 163[degrees] N
</p><p>3.6-3.7 below surface an inhumation grave. Head NW body which was that off a child perhaps 10-14 years old ( about halfthe first teeth had been shed) lay in left side.
</p><p>(1) Around the neck a necklace of lapis ball beads; in the centre a nigh carnelian double conoid strung attentively with the lapis; small carnelian ring beads. U.9596
</p><p>(2) At back of head a pair of cockle shells on containing black paint U.9597
</p><p>(3) At wrist a copper bangle d 005 & a second similar U.9598 A+B
</p><p>(4) Below shoulder a copper pin, tip pointing towards feet L 0185 [drawing (artifact:jewelry) U.9599
</p><p>5) A copper finger ring rotten condition & a pair of silver ear rings one broken
</p><p>(6) & (7) At feet two baked clay saucers reddish drab Rim 012[drawing (artifact:pot)] CLIX
</p>:
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1
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|
<p>PG 664
</p><p>In the grave were found
</p><p>(1) a cylinder seal L0025 d 0013 Figs obliterated rampant lions & bulls shell Rotten condition. Not catalogued.
</p><p>(2) A vase of yellowish drab clay Ht 0215 same as pg 662 (3)
</p><p>(3) A miniature vase of yellowish clay Ht 0075 Rim 005 base 004 roughly made [drawing (artifact:pot)] CLVI
</p><p>(4) Adjoining the grave & diagram, about 030 above the floor a much broken bitumen bellum L0058. not kept.
</p><p>The grave had been plundered, hardly any bones were found apart from the skull & many pots were smashed. It is interesting and indeed unfound that the cylinder seal was for frequently left behind in a plundered grave. PG 664 was like PG 662 just clear of the brick & pottery rubbish stratum.
</p>:
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<p>PG 666
(4)</p><p>
(9) Beneath the grave a number of clay vases. light drab clay. Ht 035 Rim 0111 Base 009
</p><p>[drawing(artifact: pot)] XV variant
(10) Unevenly fired vase yellowish & reddish drab clay Rim 012 Ht 027
[drawing(artifact:pot] CCCCXLII
</p>
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<p>PG 668 (2)
</p><p>(3) Rim 0075 Ht 011 Light drab clay
[drawing (artifact: pot) XI
</p><p>(4) Light drab clay. Rim 0065, Ht 0095
Base 005
[drawing (artifact: pot)] CLXXIV
</p><p>(5) yellowish <strike> light </strike> drab clay. Rim 011 Ht 016
[drawing (artifact: pot) CXLIX variant
<strike> PG 666 </strike>
</p>:
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<p>PG 670
218 - D.
326 - A
75° N
</p><p>About 3.3 below surface a disturbed inhumation grave; this was apparently well clear of all rubbish strata. Connected with the grave 2 pots.
</p><p>(1) Same as PG 668 (2) Red hematite wash Ht 015 Rim 010
</p><p>(2) Beaker. greenish drab clay, Ht 010
Rim 012 Base 0010
</p><p>[drawing (artifact: beaker)] TO V
</p>
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<p>PG 681
</p><p>Practically trenching pg 661
between it + PG 659
remains o inhumation grave at same
level. Plundered & ruined
Part o - skull left & w it
a Copper needle. l 0125 U.9654</p><p>
On - level o - grave & 200 from it S in
- direct line o Pst A was a small baked
Tablet C
</p>:
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1
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<p>PG 681</p>
<p>84 [degree symbol] - C
250 [degree symbol] - D
145 [degree symbol] N (1)
</p><p>4.5 Below the surface a wicker
work ribbed coffin, L 1.4 m depth 040. Body on right side, head NW</p><p>
(1) Around neck a few small gold double
conoids, lapis double conoids, carnelian [?band?] beads U.8719</p><p>
(2) Against breast, hands touching it
a copper bowl, hemispherical, rim 0115, rotten condition. Thrown away</p><p>
(3) Against right shoulder, tip
towards head, a copper pin with elongated
nob head L026, U.9720</p><p>
(4) Adhering to the upper end of
the copper pin (3) a black haematite cylinder
seal, presentation scene, [?Nanna?] & Sun God,
between them a worshipper and behind
[?Nanna?] an attendant U.9721
</p>:
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1
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|
<p>PG 685</p><p> A C327 D C229 1/2</p><p> depth 380 Carefully ruined inhumation grave with remains of bones and broken pot, drab clay of this type Ht C.025 rim c. 010 [drawing (artifact:pot)] XIX</p>:
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1
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<p>PG 686
</p><p>317° - A
</p><p>85° - C
</p><p>123° -N
</p><p>3.3 Below the surface an inhumation grave, bones confused, no pottery but around the neck 3 strings each containing numerous beads. The largest beads were found in the middle string.
</p><p>(1) Bottom string: all small beads, the following appeared to be the order.
</p><p>3 small carnelian ring beads,
5 gold double conoids
3 lapis double conoids
</p><p>gold
carnelian
lapis
</p><p><br />
varying shapes
</p><p>U.9623
</p><p>2
</p>:
|
1
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<p>PG 690</p><p>340[Degrees]-A PG 690
88[Degrees]-C
40[Degrees]-N
</p><p>2.4 m Below surface an inhumation grave; body lying on left side in flexed position. The grave had been disturbed by a pot drain which abutted on it, the grave was therefore earlier than the drain. Incidentally as the grave was accidentally disturbed, the plumbing was not as systematic as would and the following objects reveal.
</p><p>(1) A copper strainer, normal type At back of body roughly behind rump. U.9615A [drawing (artifact:tool)]
</p><p>(2) This was inside a bath shaped copper basin U.9615B [drawing (artifact:pot)]
</p><p>(3) A second similar to (2) Badly smashed. The drain that disturbed this to consisted of rings and an invald bell shaped cup. Probably IIIrd thir dyn. U.9615C
</p>
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<p>PG 691
</p><p>1. Head end of grave a vase of light drab clay Rim 010 Ht 0215 base 006 [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCXL
</p><p>2 crescent moons incised on shoulder.
</p><p>2. Similar to (1), light drab clay Ht 0205
</p><p>(3) Light drab clay Ht 026 Rim 0115 Base 010 [drawing (artifact:pot)]
</p><p>(4) At feet, 2 saucers light drab clay Ht 006 Rim 015 Base 0005 TO II [drawing (artifact:pot)]
</p><p>(5) Greenish drab clay Ht 011 Rim 105 same as PG 666 (13).
</p>
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<p>PG 694
303[degrees]-A
257[degrees]-D
25[degrees] N
</p><p>4.7 m below the surface a woodwork grave L. 1.4m, w. 085, depth 060 The lower half of the grave was constructed of horizontal fibres of wood, the upper half was constructed after the manner of matting with criss cross fibres and the whole was rubbed in the outside with ribs 035 wide and 035 apart.
</p><p>View from inside[drawing (plan:grave)]
</p><p>Within the grave a body lying on its left side nothing round neck but (1) Against feet 2 cockle shells containing green paint U.9728
</p>
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<p>PG 695</p><p>
9)
10)
11) Clay pot too broken to be typed
12) Copper bowl, hemispherical diam 0105 III U.9697
13) Copper Axe [drawing (artifact:tool)] l. 013 wt 007 U.9692
14) Copper Reticule U.9695
15) Cylinder Seal, green stone w copper caps U.9694
16) Cylinder seal, lapis w gold caps U.9693
17) but - 2 cylinder 3 lapis lentoid beads, 1 carn, car, & beaded [agati?] & this on gold ball U.9696
18) Silver earring, decayed.
19) Remnants of a small wooden object the face of which had been carved & the hollows filled in with bright red pigment nothing more carved made of it
</p>
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<p>PG 695</p><p>A [Degrees] 312 PG 695
D [Degrees] 258</p><p>
Depth below surface 420 [?] [Degrees] 136 No bones [?] at all.
[drawing (artifact: plan)]
</p><p>1-5) Plain saucers drab clay
</p><p>6,7) [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCVII Light clay flaked and in spots
</p><p>(8) [drawing (artifact:pot)] ht 028
rim 012 drab clay inside is a copper ring diam 0033 U.9698 [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCLVII see 598</p>
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<p>PG 706</p><p>333 ° - A
</p><p>95 ° - C
</p><p>[drawing(artifact:pot)]
</p><p>[upside down] Rim 025
</p><p>Ht 044
</p>:
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<p>PG 707
</p><p>118° - C
</p><p>235° - D
</p><p>110° - N
</p><p>5.4 m down an inhumation grave
head N Body on right side
</p><p>(1) arm left shoulder a copper
axe [drawing (artifact:tool)]socket broken
L 016 U.9804
</p><p>(2) A hemispherical copper bowl,
hopeless condition III
</p>
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<p>PG 708
</p><p>250° - D
305° - A
32° - N
</p><p>4.4 m below surface an
inhumation grave, body wrapped in reed
matting smeared in bitumen. Head W body
on right side, child's grave: L 070.
</p><p>(1) Against shoulder, tip towards
head a copper pin, broken in 2 pieces, ht 0155 rounded in section [drawing(atrifact)] Not catalogued<p></p>
(2) 2 Lunar ear rings of copper [drawing(artifact)]Not catalogued</p><p>
(3) next to (1) a
miniature <strike>shell</strike> limestone? cylinder seal. Subject? U.p733.</p>:
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<p>PG 720
</p><p>(2) At girdle a copper axe, slender
type; broken in 2 pieces L 019
of steath U.9747
</p><p>(3) A copper dagger L 023. Top
badly broken U.9748
</p><p>(4) A cylinder seal of greenish blue
marsh, slightly concave; [?]
before seated god, behind them a
very fine palm tree L004 d 0026
U.9749
</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>PG 722</p><p>322[degrees]-A
265[degrees]-D
</p><p>4.2 m below surface part of an inhumation grave which may have been distrubed or possibly partly cut away by a different gang for proof on plan only objects found.
</p><p>(1) A copper dagger l 0195 grtst w of blade 0035 U.9745 [drawing(artifact:tool)]
</p><p>(2) Beneath it a whetstone L006 rounded top square in section [drawing(artifact:tool)] U.9746
</p>
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<p>PG 728
</p><p>263° - D
62°- C
</p><p>3 m below surface a disturbed
inhumation grave; bones only & reed
matting
</p><p>030 below this a second grave
containing a few baked reddish clay
saucers
TO III [drawing(artifact:pot)] dimensions?
</p>
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<p>PG 732</p>
<p>277° - D 343 - C 35°N</p>
<p>3 m below the surface an inhumation grave: normal type, a bitumened reed matting, body lying on left side in flexed position Head E. Nothing inside the grave which has probably been plundered. Skull badly smashed & by bones confused.</p>:
|
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|
<p>PG 737</p>
<p>On same level as PG 753 apparently cut by it in lay [?]- SW o 753 near - feet + only - lower back o -body was preserved</p>
<p>With it, at - [?]</p>
<p>1) copper reticule L. 007</p>
<p>2) [drawing(artifact:pot)] light drab clay Ht 004 full diam 013 rim 0045 TO XLIX</p>:
|
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<p>PG 744</p><p>
306° - E
<strike>145° - C</strike> 343° - C
360° N. DueNorth
</p><p>Head. S.
</p><p>1 m below the surface in the pottery
filling a disturbed inhumation gave. Body
on left side in flexed position. At head a
</p><p>(1) saucer of light drab clay, Rim 012, Ht 06
Base 004
[drawing(artifact:pot)] TO II
</p><p>(2) On breast a copper razor [drawing(artifact:tool)]
grtst w. of blade 0035 L 006 L of tang 002
U.9864
</p><p>(3) Part of a copper blade with a very fine
cutting edge [drawing(artifact:tool)] - turns over
tang - probably also a razor, middle
portion missing L 007
</p><p>(4) A copper object which is in appearance
a cross between a chisel and a borer.
It consists of a copper stem, copper
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 756</p>
<p>C 357 D 288</p>
<p>direction 238 head S.W.</p>
<p>depth below surface 3.08</p>
<p>matting on S. side in good condition head badly smashed, only position, head in middle of grave</p><p> In grave</p>
<p>(1) pot, clay haematite wash [drawing(artifact:pot)] CCCCVII</p>
<p>rim diam 009 l neck 004 l 014 w 011</p>:
|
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|
<p>PG 760
</p><p>62° - C
</p><p>332° - E
</p><p>Inhumation grave in filling a
large number of beads
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 760
</p><p>Ht 037, Rim 0115, Neck 004
[drawing(artifact:pot)] CCCCIV
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>pg 760
</p><p>Outside the grave a splendid vase
of light drab clay, 0275, ht; 0115, rim,
0105, base
[drawing(artifact:pot)] TO LXXIX
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>PG 761 + 763</p>
<p>345° - C</p>
<p>263° - D</p>
<p>At 3.2. m, 2 disturbed burials; heads only were found badly smashed. With them</p>
<p>(1) A vase of reddish daub clay Rim 011 Ht 0175 [drawing(artifact:pot)] CCCCXIV</p>
<p>(2) Normal Kish type greenish drab clay neck missing [drawing(artifact:pot)] Ht 0075 Rim?</p>
<p>TO XLIX</p>:
|
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<p>PG 762 + 764</p>
<p>275° - D</p>
<p>340° - C</p>
<p>3 m below surface a plundered inhumation grave in bitumened reed matting. Against head</p>
<p>(1) A copper pin, broken in 2 pieces [?] knob head L 013 [drawing(artifact: pin)] U.10,196</p>
<p>28°N Immediately against it, 050 SE a second inhumation grave, skull smashed, rest of body not found these graves all lay at the foot of the burnt brick & pottery surface rubbish, near the bottom of it but <strong>not</strong> below it</p>:
|
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|
<p>PG 765-775
</p><p>(3) Three baked clay nails [drawing(artifact)]
</p><p>Ls 014,/ 0095,/ 0095
</p><p>ds 003,/ 0028,/ 0025
</p>:
|
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|
<p>PG 766</p>
<p>280° - D</p>
<p>340° - C</p>
<p>303° N</p>
<p>3.4 m below surface an inhumation grave; normal type, body o left side</p>
<p>(1) At back of body level with <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">hopeless condition</span> small of back a copper reticule with <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[?]</span> manicure tools attached to a ring, bottom of reticule missing U.10,193</p>
<p>(2) At neck [drawing(artifact)] by front of body a cylinder seal, <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[?]</span>, figs: poor condition l 0021 d 0014 Baked Clay U.10,192</p>
<p>(3) A copper per [?] knob head, broken in 2 pieces L 021 U.10,191</p>:
|
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|
<p>PG 768</p>
<p>343 - C</p>
<p>280 - D</p>
<p>Due North</p>
<p>3.2. below surface plundered inhumation grave, no objects</p>:
|
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|
<p>PG 770 + 774</p>
<p>332° - B</p>
<p>122° - C</p>
<p>295° - N</p>
<p>4.5 m below the surface 2 inhumation graves; 2 bodies laid side by side in flexed position; no objects: bones disturbed, graves probably plundered</p>
<p>273° - E 133° - C } Plundered inhumation grave; bones confused, no objects 5.2. m below surface.</p>
<p>328° - B 122° - C } Plundered inhumation grave 5.2. m below surface</p>:
|
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|
<p>PG 772</p><p>278[degrees]-D
350[degrees]-C
32[degress] N
</p><p>3.2 below surface disturbed inhumation grave body in bitumen matting, ribbed wicker work [?] U.10,195
</p><p>(1) At wrist a copper reticule with manicure tools on a ring 0065 top missing
</p><p>(2) miniature clay vase Ht 0032 rim 006 base 003. [drawing(artifact:pot)] U.10,194 ICXV unusual style.
</p><p>(3) a broken copper pin on helpless condition [drawing(artifact)] flat blade turned over tang
</p>
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<p>PG 775</p>
<p>Immediately beneath the founds of the grave the soil consisted of bluish green water laid clay â clean, unstratified homogeneous. Not entirely free from sherds eg. just below the top of the deposit fragment of the beaker type with solid base</p>
<p>[drawing(artifact:pot)]</p>
<p>[drawing(artifact:pot)]</p>
<p>Bluish stone palette (?) slightly convex on one face</p>:
|
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<p>PG 776</p>
<p>127° - C</p>
<p>251° - E</p>
<p>75° - N</p>
<p>4 m below the surface an inhumation grave; body in flexed position on right side: bones confused. Against body a solitary pot rim 0045 Ht 009. Reddish drab clay. Grave plundered. [drawing(artifact:pot)] TO XLV</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>PG 777
</p><p>a photo was taken (â ) showing a
section o - fallen roof [?] - NW[?]
([?] jar in position in [?])
and another sharing the roofing above
slipped ground [?] in SE wall +
lying in almost vertical [?]
[?] (â ) = in this photo
the [?pots?] lying on the surface [?] [?the?]
line of the inner wall face
</p><p>on - SW side [?] was, at - surface o - roof,
a [?] [?] wall face giving a width of
110 h - was lining the the shaft = [?] at
130 [?] this the
</p><p><br />
</p>
<hr />
<p>[EDIT FROM SITE MANAGERS]
PG 777
</p><p>a photo was taken (â ) showing a
section o - fallen roof against - NW wall
(stone jar in position in fragments)
and another showing the roofing stones
slipped forward in SE wall &
lying in almost vertical overlapping
courses (â ) : in this photo
the poles lying on the surface give the
line of the inner wall face
</p><p>On - SW side tr was, at - surface o - roof,
a very definite wall face giving a width of
110 to - wall lining the shaft : but at
130 below this tr was a step out to the
grave pit giving a total width of 200 :
between these two tr was much stone protruding
irregularly fm - upper line, & it looked
as if - whole wall had originally been o this
greater thickness but that - part o it wch
supported - roof had fallen forward w -
collapse o - roof
</p>:
|
1
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|
<p>Pg 777
</p><p>Another argument for a domed or vaulted
roof is this.
The stones when found lay relatively flat and
only a sinking to - middle & h. - S.E. side = they
were very thickly bedded in stiff clay & covered
over with green clay. Had the roof been flat
& supported by timbers which eventually decayed
w - [?remet?] that - roof had fallen in, then it
certainly had not fallen far since it started as
flat & was found almost flat = in that case
by little stiff support to have [?got?] down into-
grave through - roof - [?] - grave was full,
through - [?] - - first stones [?] a
hollow 200 squares, yet this was very shallow &
- space underneath almost filled by fallen soil.
This is best accounted for by - collapse o -
vault with wd h let in a lot o earth before
it got level.
At 220 [?from?] - SW wall [?] were remains o
a piece of timber 011 wide running across
from SE-NW & close under - stones but
broken by the fall o them.
</p>:
|
1
|
|
<p>Pg 777
</p><p>At 125 below - level o - top o - stone walls,
immediately below - fallen roof & on - top o
- soil filling [?] - grave flow to where
pots etc. in - W, corridor, thus
</p><p>[drawing (plan: grave)]
</p>:
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1
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<p>Pg 777
</p><p>[Drawing (plan: grave and grave area) labeled with measurements, north arrow and text in various places; text transcribed below, no other text on card]
</p><p>here was the [?floor?]
Late [?Ur?]
Royal
gaming Board
(777 A)
</p><p>cut
away
by
us
</p><p>beam
holes
at
room
floor
level
</p><p>clay pot
</p>:
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<p>Pg 777 floor a - 390
</p><p>[Drawing (plan:grave)]
</p>:
|
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<p>PG 777. Bottom at 7.75 frm T.W.</p>
<pre> Bank at 10 in frm TW.
reclining on a sharp incline
</pre>
<p>PG. 12.36. Shd be in the Bank.</p>:
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<p>Pg 777</p>
<p>13) Apparently a spouted <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[indecipherable]</span> bowl <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">this</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">12)</span> stuck apart - outside of (11) slightly fluted w flattening 0024 wide</p>
<p><strong>change</strong> [drawing (artifact:pot) labeled XL <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">LXXXVI</span>]</p>
<p>14) Inside this a silver bowl, oval, with slight flating LXXXIII U.9797</p>
<p>15) Shattered dish like (9), diam 019</p>
<p>16) Another large pot apparently like (6) but w one pronounced fort = in small bits.</p>
<p>17) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled TO LXXIX] [?frag?] of large spouted pot T more or less like this</p>
<p>18) [drawing (artifact: pot)] Large jar apparently like this, all broken</p>:
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<p>Pg 777</p><p> In - S. corner of - grave tr was a second burial on - [?] of - ash filling & immediately below - roof behind - head. thus (- body lay SE & NW, this time all decayed) was</p>
<p>27) white limestone bowl, broken, diam 029 wt 012 U.9793</p>
<p>28) a second [?saucer?], broken U.9794</p>
<p>29) clay saucer with [?] rim wt 002 diam 012 rim 008 [drawing (artifact) labeled TO XV] reddish clay</p>
<p>30) at - neck a string of carn. rings w 2 gold beads & a few small layers when paced at random U.9784</p>
<p>31) a silver ear-ring [?perpendicular?] double ring. U.9966 [encircled]</p>
<p>32) copper pin, plain ball head, l 013 broken</p>
<p>33) copper pin, colored head l. 011 broken U.9796</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: grave)]</p>
<p>? Are 1) 10) in NE chamber</p>
<p>U.9795</p>:
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<p>Pg 777</p><p>25)Beads gold ring, spacers, older carnelian & lapis apparently thus U.9783 [drawing (artifact:jewelry)]</p>
<p>By them a silver head ornament with tips of <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">string of</span> lapis blue ball beads all over & under them a [?mass?] of very thin silver hopelessly decayed</p>
<p>Another string with lapis lazuli, [?], & gold & silver: - gold was then [?placed?] over copper apparently leaves & flowers thus (?) also double bugle [?] silver <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[?]</span> rosettes [drawing (artifact: jewelry) labeled U.9787] & little circles of silver with wch may also have belonged to the string (with silver head ornament) U.9786</p>:
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<p>Pg 777</p><p>6,7 ch a group of copper vessels all quite smashed by - fall o - roof, only on top of another, piled up</p>
<p>6) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled XVII] ht 022, rim probably 012 base diam. 008-9 all broken</p>
<p>7) [drawing (artifact:pot) labeled:LV] plain bowl ht 012 base 012 rim diam 022</p>
<p>8) [drawing (artifact:tool) labeled LXXVI] small ladle ht 006 rim 008 with spout & long straight handle 014 long</p>
<p>9) [drawing (artifact:pot) labeled LXXXVII] shallow flat dish diam 0195 ht. 003</p>
<p>10) hemispherical bowl diam c. 012 III U.9792</p>
<p>11) [drawing (artifact:pot) labeled LV] ht 011, rim 020 base 012</p>
<p>12) [drawing (artifact:poy) labeled LXXXVIII] Inside this a shallow pan w flat handle diam rim 014 much broken type</p>:
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<p>Pg 777</p><p>At - (777A) on the plan
In which - remains o a burial round wch - top o - fallen roof (or wall) = [?] was found
4 cups [drawing (artifact:pot) labeled CLIX] broken, a broken copper
razor on the clay cup [drawing (artifact:pot)] Wt 0075 diam
014 dimensions, but all seemed to be vy similar in
comparison? - body lay w legs N & head S.
also a pot [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled TO LX] of greenish grey clay
pot diam type
</p><p>[vertical down right side of page] 5 4 3 2 1
</p>:
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<p>PG <b>1236</b> A1,
</p><p>- NE chamber, No A, had been entered through - roof b robbers who had dug a hole over - top o this chamber & - end o- dromos & had pulled up - number o- roofing stones wch they piled at the bottom o the shaft over - dromos
</p><p>- Hole as found by us was 270 long, but part o - roof may h fallen after - robbers' raid: - bulk o - stones lay below but - floor had been sweeped clean of offerings before they fell and on -floor were found [?] only a few lapis beads, some frs of inlay from an ostrich shell, & (a bit above - floor) a copper libation vase.
</p><p>- Full ht o - chamber was 200 but - w o- stone walls had caused a sinkage a t floor was convex. - Floor was a firm hard cement & - walls were plastered w - same cement, fairly smooth & 001 thick on - average: - fallen frs o this mixed w - damp soil had formed a very hard conglomerate over - floor.
</p><p>- Walls sloped slightly inwards from t base 025 vertical ht o 130: then - shrine room corbelled out, laid not horizontally but on a slope giving almost a mirror effect, tall at 200 ht - space between was only 040: thus
</p>
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<p>Pg <b>1237</b>
<b>No 70</b> (new 71) U.12426
</p><p>1) large gold lunate ear-ring, one only
</p><p>2) necklace o double conoid lapis beads
4 ranks: groups of 3 gold & probably 8 blue: w these some carn rings alternating w - gold
</p><p>3) necklace o gold & blue triangles
</p><p>4) silver pin, bent type w lapis ball head
</p><p>5) bracelet o libation beads & this: is rank: order 2 blue, 2 carn, gold, 2 carn 2 blue gold 2 carn 3 blue etc.
</p><p>6) remains o copper bowl
</p><p>7) cockleshells w paint (blue)
</p>
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<p>Pg <strong>1388</strong> At 650 frm pt - 260 B depth 580</p>
<p>Remains o mat-lined trough burial direction uncertain</p>
<p>1) gold ear ring U.12737<span style="text-decoration:line-through;">8</span></p>
<p>2) stone vase U.12737<span style="text-decoration:line-through;">8</span></p>
<p>3) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled CCCCIII] ht 022 rim 010</p>:
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<p>Pg. 1237
</p><p><b>No. 22</b> (new 61) U 12380
</p><p>(1) gold ribbon head dress
</p><p>(2) on part of head over everything
gold medallion with large lapis centre
fm 4 stringer beads. 2 carnelian
one <strike>lentoid</strike> bugle lapis between
[drawing]
</p><p>(3) next wreath of long shaped gold leaves w. veins
marked. 3 together. fm 4 stringer beads
</p><p>(4) gold beech leaves - fm 2 stringer beads
the usual small carnelian 2 bugle lapis
one carnelian again.
</p>
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<p>Pg. 1237 U. 12383 <b>No 25.</b> (new 33)
</p><p>(1) gold hair ribbon
</p><p>(2) gold beech leaves badly unusual 1 carnelian 2 lapis bugle, 1 carnelian
</p><p>(7) Silver comb with inlaid petals
</p><p>(8) Second silver pin with lapis head VI B
</p><p>(3) necklace triangular gold & lapis
</p><p>(4) necklace lentoid beads- single- 3 gold & 6 lapis & som
</p><p>(5) necklace. 2 stringed 3 gold conoid then 6 lapsi conoid,
</p><p>(6) silver pin. Bent types end to head
</p>
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<p>Pg. 1288 at 650 frm pt 2330 B depth 610</p>
<p>Larnax grave lying NE x SW = empty</p>:
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<p>PG. 406 TTF 4.9 m below the surface an inhumation grave [drawing, artifacts]</p>:
|
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<p>PG. 527. [flush right:] TTG</p>
<p>[remainder blank]</p>:
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<p>PG. 644.</p><p>55[degrees]-C
314[degrees]-A
138[degrees] N
</p><p>Same level as PG 662 3.6-3.7 m below surface an inhumation grave and adjoining it, almost 020 above a bitumen bellum in a very poor condition. [drawing (plan:grave)]
</p><p>The soil in which the body lay was extremely hard; the reed matting forming the floor and sides of the grave was smeared & bitumen and was very hard much of it had turned to a white powder and where is as not cumbled resembled stucco.
</p>:
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<p>PG. 701</p><p>55[degrees]-C PG701
328[degrees]-A
[drawing (artifact:pot)]
</p><p>Below surface a clay vase adjoining to a copper bucket</p><p>(1) Dimensions of bucket Rim 015 Ht 016 Base 022 U.9857 [drawing (artifact:pot)]
</p>
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<p>PG. 738
</p><p>356° - C
263 - D
310° - N
</p><p>3 m below surface an inhumation
grave; body on right side between reed
matting smeared in bitumen. No objects
in the grave, bones in confusion - ' some one
had plundered? There appear to have been
two bodies in the grave, one of an adult the
other of a child but the bones of the latter
were hopelessly disturbed and its exact position
could not be identified. With the body a
number of pots
</p><p>(1) two pinkish drab clay beakins, one
inside the other Ht 010 Rim 0095 Base 004
[drawing(artifact:pot)] TO V
TO IV
</p>:
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<p>Pg. 777</p><p>In - W angle, parallel to - SW side shaft was a burial on -surface & - ashes etc. were filled - shaft & immediatley below- fallen stones o - roof</p><p> 20) on forehead a gold diadem thus w gold wires for attachment [drawing (artifact:jewelry)] (one o - latter broken) one [?cemline?] plate 012 x 0065, l.o wire are 027 U.9781</p><p> 21) at - mouth 3 large beads 2 lapis & 1 gold, double conoids U.9782</p><p> 22)[?] o a thick silver chain U.9782</p><p> 23) [?] a surface apparently [?]- [?] of a wooden box = -[?] were very thin & shapeless but preserved nail holes & tr was wood w them. </p><p>24)Copper axe [drawing (artifact:tool)] length 013 width 0063- a - very common type U.9788 </p><p>25-26) The beads & head amount lay in a pile apart from - body</p><p> 27) [?] of a copper razor [drawing (artifact)] U.9789</p>:
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<p>Pg.1396 <b>U.12697</b>
</p><p>At 170 frm pt - 450 beneath - line
depth 635
mat-lined trough grave NE x SW head SW.
</p><p>1) Copper pin, str, tang head, l 023 <b>I</b>
</p><p>2) by this a white shell cylinder seal hopelessly decayed
</p><p>3) Copper mirror (?) [drawing (artifact: mirror)] diam 009 total l. 018
</p><p>4) White calcite pot ht 010 rim 007, badly [drawing (artifact: pot)] shaped
<b>CXXVIII</b>
</p><p>5) plain saucer, reddish ware
</p><p>6) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled CCCCIII] ht 022 rim 010 drab clay = two
examples
</p><p>7) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled XIX] drab clay ht 027 rim 012
</p><p>9) flat grey pebble used as a whetstone [drawing (artifact: whetstone) labeled with dimensions 006]
</p>:
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<p>PG765</p><p>44[Degrees]-C
278[Degrees]-D
28[Degrees]-N
</p><p>(General shape of borders)
[drawing (plan:grave)]
</p>
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<p>Pg777</p><p>Down to 200 below- floor o-grave, lie below- modern campfire no frs were found o painted pottery, only miniature parts o wheel made ware, - only recognizable shape being-small cup [drawing(artifact: small cup)labeled TU/IV] & a few ruins which resembles them from early farm on- site. All the soil was lipid refuse.
</p><p>NB= re beam holes, none were visible in- NW&SW walks which were the best preserved.
</p><p>Branch wall running off from E corner is different from-tomb walls & itâs foundations are less deep than previous & slopes up from 1.00 where it abuts on - tomb wall to 050 apart from - side of the shaft : it is also less solid in construction, having less stone & more sand.
</p>:
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<p>PGs 1521, 1524</p>:
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<p>Post Kurigalzu 2 Pots 1 Ring Base 1 Round footed [?] [?] NW a KP [?] Temenos wall chambers [?Ht?] 033. Parsian? w New Bab wd 0156 found [?] B mud statue against Temenos wall chamber NW [?] KP</p>
<p>032 L 008 007 mid [?] vase 004 0055 [?bd?] 003 1 miniature 065</p>
<pre> 016
<span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[?080?]</span> [drawing(artifact:vase)]
</pre>:
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<p>Pot Marks
</p><p>[drawing (sketch)]
</p><p>TO 463
</p>
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<p>POT MARKS
</p><p>[drawing (sketch)]
</p><p>TO. 92
</p><p>(1/1)
</p>
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<p>Pot Marks
</p><p>[drawing (sketch)]
</p><p>Type LXVII variant
</p><p>C
</p>
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<p>Pottery Notes
EM
[drawing (artifact: pot)]
CCLXXVIII-?288 (278 is a bowl)
Type? found in connection with floor of
burnt brick upper level building EM.
IIIrd dyn. type but in this case certainly not
earlier than Larsa
</p><p>G.5. Mud Brick Burned vaulted tomb
found within . Type ?
[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: G.5. Kassite]
</p><p>?draw
cf. 268
[drawing (artifact: pot)]
Ring base, surface soil in
connection with later brick building
above floor. Assyrian or Late?
</p><p>RC 248b
[drawing (artifact: pot)]
diam 021
ht. 014
found standing immediately
on burned brick floor of
courtyard on NE side of the steps leading
to the upper storey of building on NE
side of EM Street running NW by SE
</p>
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<p>R. 1. TTB
</p><p>On the inner face of the E wall, in the 5th
course from the bottom, is a brick in
position with the stamp of KURIGALZU.
These walls are not bonded into the main
wall but abut on it.
</p>
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<p>Rectangular baked brick room running NE by SW, Dimensions
2.6 x 1.2 x 1.5m In the NW wall .75m away from the NE corner is
an entrance filled in at a later period with burnt brick. The
bottom of the entrance shows the only traces of floor level left in the
room. In the opposite SE wall abutting the NE corner is a hatch m
wide and m high. This hatch is only courses of bricks above floor
level and [?it?] cannot have served as a window. This, <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> the
height of the walls and the measurement of the room, <strike>[?is the?]</strike> all make it [?probable?] that <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> we have here a store room. Originally the room must
have been connected with buildings on the NW as well as those on
the SE to which it is still joined. Later on however it was <strike>cut</strike> cut off
from the buildings on the NW side as the filling in of the doorway and
the NE end of the NW wall indicate.
</p>:
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<p>Room Top level BC
House 30/A
In this small annex tr were 2 [overwritten numeral 3?] burials
one <strike>grave</strike> inhumation burial, body on its side
head NW, w it only one broken pot
apparently Larsa or Bab. I type but
too broken to be sure.
By this a <strike>pot burial</strike> drain, a ribbed pot
inverted ht 050 diam 060 forming - top
at floor level, below it plain [?rings?]
By this a v. simple clay larnax NWxSE
head SE : empty. [UE7 shows this to be LG/155]
</p>:
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<p>Room 1 <br />
Page 2<br />
</p><p>E corner is a projection 060 wide forming the N jamb of a doorway 1 m wide leading into a <strike>[square?]</strike> room roughly square 2.8 x 2.9 m also of mud brick of the same size. L[ength?] of doorway 1.6 m. <strike> This [?] was built up on top of burnt brick paving and the NE walls were over an earlier period burnt brick wall 056 x 017 x 7 bricks</strike>
Against the NE wall of this second room <strike>is built</strike> were found the remains of the Kurigalzu NW wall which runs right through this series of chambers and is here ruined down to a single course - size of bricks 029 x 019 x 003, 026sq x 009
</p>:
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<p>Room 11 TTB
</p><p>In the hole out of which came the Ur Engur [= Ur-Namma]
cone fragment, there were also found low
down, below the yelloq stratum, 2 frs. of
pointed pottery : on e a bowl rim thus
[drawing (artifact: rim sherd)] with black paint on greenish
drab, the other a fragment
shewing only remains of a
black line on pinkish drab ground.
</p>
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<p>Room 14 TTB
</p><p>Just on the level of the top of the mud wall
in SW corner, a small inscr tablet complete.
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room 15 TTB
</p><p><u>Drain</u> The hole dug was circ 120 diam.
+ was refilled with earth cut broken bricks were
packed round the pipes themselves.
The pipe is later than the mud wall because
the face of this was hacked away in placing
the pipe (N B the mud wall projects beyond
the face of the brick wall).
As the top of the pipe is broken off below the
footings of the brick wall, + as the latter is
destroyed below its platform level, there is no
evidence in the spot to shew whether the two
are connceted or not.
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room 15 TTB
</p><p>All but the NE wall rest on mud brick.
Of the SW wall there remains at most 4 courses
of burnt brick (0333- x 008 x 0033), 7 on the SE, +1 on the NW. Below this are 6 or
7 courses of mud brick (033 x 008) with a
little rubbish between the 2 materials. At the
NE angle the mud brick has been cut off to a
flat end + a new burnt brick angle abuts on
this
In the NW wall of mud brick is embedded a burnt brick (which didn't come to the wall face)
</p><p>Against the SW wall was a terracotta drain
formed of cylinders diam. 040 ht: 027 with a raised collar but no socket : it went
down to below the founds of the
burnt brick wall. By it were found a quantity
of minute crystal pebble beads (mostly found
in a broken jar) + a short string of larger
paste + stone beads
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p><p>Photo 11
</p>
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<p>Room 15 TTB
</p><p>By the big drain, 3.20 below the founds of the brick wall, were found a number of v.
small beads of clear bright red glass
close to these were 10 larger facetted spheroid
beads of opaque white glass paste
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room 17 11 TTB
</p><p>At foundation level against brick wall in the NW was a voussoir brick
[drawing (artifact:brick]
</p>
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<p>Room 17 11 TTB
</p><p>Here as in room 16 the stone frs lay in a
single well defined stratum about 050-070
below the top of the standing brick wall, + close
to the wall itself the frs fewer than
in the middle of the rooms. There was no floor
level below them. In 16, the layer was on
the level of the footing of the SE wall, but
against this SE wall tr were virtually no frs.
The stratum seems to date from a period of
filling-in of a platform : and as it comes
about along the top of the destroyed mud brick
wall the platform in question was probably
that connects with the earliest brick wall.
The frs. therefore should date (as vases) from
the mud wall period + were thrown in in
the filling when the mud brick building was
replaced by Kudur Mabug's brick structure.
In the NE corner of 16, were found [?]
frs. of inscr. tablets at about the same level as
the stone frs. but rather lower down
</p><p>[entire page stroke through]
</p>
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<p>Room 18 12[encircled] TTB
</p><p>Door in NW wall.
The brick wall is standing 6 courses high.
Against the W jamb is the hinge stone of
URENGUR [= Ur-Namma] with the remains of the brick
pole-pit lining 5 courses high, the top of
the top brick left being about flush with
the top of the 4th course of wall bricks [three dots = therefore] it is
impossible to say whether it originally went
higher but presumably if there was a brick
floor it rested on the top of this, if as is
more probable there was a mud floor its level
can't be fixed accurately.
Across the doorway runs a line of brick
one course deep like a threshold (bricks
c. 030 long but edge broken): this might well
be in connection with the hinge stone: the top
of this threshold is flush with the top of the
6th brick course of the wall : it can't therefore
be the original floor level.
Against the E jamb is another hinge stone of
poor limestone, its top 028 below the bottom
of the burnt brick : this shd belong to the earliest brick period.
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room 19 13[encircled] TTB
</p><p>In the NW wall was a door against the
W. jamb of which, in position, was a basalt
door-stone of Gimil-Ilishu (photo 18) [= Shu-ilishu, U 420]
The top of the stone is 030 below the floor level
(which is visible in the photo)
On the door-passage side of the stone there is
rough brickwork 3 courses high lining the
hole of the hinge pole.
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room 19 13[encircled] TTB
</p><p>NW door
Doorstone of GIMIL ILISHU [= Shu-ilishu, U 420] inscription
(Photo 18). Part of the pole-hole casing
remains coming up to the top of the 4th
course of the wall bricks
Over the doorway there are traces of a
mud floor several times re-whitewashed [three dots = therefore]
it comes about the top of the 6th course
of the brick wall + does not run over the
top of the wall (which only stands 6 courses
high) so it probably represents one of
the habitation periods of this room :
another floor level was discernible in the
room against the 3 1/2 course, but in the
doorway this can't be made out. The
whitewashed floor is only 003 below the
double mud-brick step of Nebuchadnezzar.
The mud brick runs right under the doorway
without a break
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room 20 14 [encircled] TTB
</p><p>NE door [must be NW door]
</p><p>The hinge-stone found in position cannot belong
to the mud brick wall which has been hacked away
to make room for it: it has been sunk to
some depth below the floor level to which it
belongs, but this floor connects with the burnt
brick walls.
The floor was of mud + much destroyed: there seems
to have been a brick threshold across the doorway
The pit in which the hinge stone was sunk was
partly lined with burnt brick to keep it open for
the hinge pole : the mud floor ran over the top
of this rough masonry. A brick with a hole
through it served as a socket for the wooden
doorjamb, which was also propped with brick work
The mud brick threshold of the Nebuchodnessor
pavement ran over the whole thing, about
050 above the mud floor (which comes
against the 3rd-4th course in the burnt brick wall. Photo 20
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room 20 14 [encircled] TTB
</p><p>Over the top of the earth floor, between it
+ the Nabonidus packing comes looser mixed
earth with a lot of broken brick rubble as
stiffening. There are also traces of an
intermediate brick paving (or foundation)
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room 21 15 [encircled] TTB
</p><p>A nearly complete cone of [blank]
found against NW wall against the 5th course
of mud brick from the top, close to N. corner
of room
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room 23 TTB
</p><p>Doorstone + setting at SE corner.
See diagram elevation. <br />
A. surface soil <br />
B. NE wall in section: burnt brick <br />
C. 5 courses of SE wall: burnt brick <br />
D. Hinge stone in situ <br />
E E Broken bricks, apparently of a pavement <br />
F F Bricks apparently foundation of pavement laid flat but not at rt angles to wall line <br />
G G Brickwork 1 brick thick which with H H
seems to form a socket (for jamb?) : a brick closing this at the NW end was removed by us.
J J rough lining of hinge-pit, matching H H which served double purpose.<br />
K K Brickwork corresponding to G G<br />
L L Mud brick wall (section) below B B<br />
Clearly the hinge stone has nothing to do with
any door in the main wall C C; (a) because
it is not in the right position, (b) because the
hinge-hole is underneath the lowest
brick course and the pole therefor[three dots] could not get into it [this paragraph struck trough]
</p>
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<p>Room 23 TTB
</p><p>[drawing (section of wall, corresponding description on other page)]
</p><p>[drawing struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room 26 20 [encircled] TTB
</p><p>040 below the present top of the SW wall was a heavy stratum of burnt
ashes & rubbish resting on a floor of
beaten mud 030 thick. This corresponds
to the 5th brick from the bottom of the
later part of this SW wall.
All tablets etc. were found under this level.
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room 26 20 [encircled] TTB
</p><p>Low down in the filling below the founds
of the burnt brick of the NE wall was
found a brick of Ishme Dagan: a good many
of his bricks were found in 26, 27, 28.
</p><p>[entire paragraph struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room 3 G/16 = A 2 KP
</p><p>Hingestone of GimilSin in W. corner of - room.
- Top pavement ran unbroken above this, level w -
tops o - walls : below this (050) was a second brick
pavement. - hingestone was embedded below this. tr
was no evidence for a door immediately by - stone
so - latter may not h any relation to - actual
room at least at this 2nd period. It does not
belong to - reconstruction to wch - top pavement
is due
</p><p>[struck through]
</p><p>W. corner of room [drawing (plan: find spot of door socket with measurements)]
</p>
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<p>Room 3 top level BC House 30/A Below - room was a brick tomb w ring-arch vault o burnt brick & bitumen : - entrance was to a pit in -NE & this pit was blocked above by - wall o- late period dividing room 3 from room 6 : [therefore symbol] - building o- brick much antedated - construction o- late house & it must belong to a period o which no bldng remains on - site : it is consequently older than any o- other graves found in- filling o- bldng, & this agrees w its different structural features & material (room 7)</p>:
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<p>Room 3 top level BC House 30/A [drawing (plan: building, parital) labeled: numbers] a baked clay tablet was found at X, 150 below - top o- walls : Gimil Sin U.16004 1), 2) a pair o drab clay bowls diam 026 ht 011, [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: IL33 228] a similar bowl inverted over <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[?bones?]</span> containing bones o infants : the 2 pots were on level o- foundations o- piece o late cross wall close to which they lay 3) flush w- top o- latest extant wall was an infant's burial : a shallow bowl too broken to be typed was inverted over a spouted [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 292 IL38] drab clay jar ht 027 rim 022 outer rim 027 foot 011 , thus burial - jar was inverted in bowl like (1) & (2) above. (room 7)</p>:
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<p>Room 3 top level BC</p>
<p>House 30/A 4) a large pot 070 high , rim jar but more or less like this [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">643</span> 662 = IL.50] lying on its side drab clay empty the top 040 below - wall top at this point</p>
<p>5) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled =IL.30 671] bowl of drab clay inverted : - rim just below - founds o- NE wall against which it lies ht 050 rim 060 (room 7)</p>:
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<p>Room 6 late period BC
House 30/A
Remains o- brick pavement survived at -
S corner coming against - top o- 4th course
o burnt brick in -wall
</p><p>Towards S corner was a big circular
jar diam 070, top gone, existing ht 060
-top 040 below- pavement
</p><p>Courtyard
(2)
</p>:
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<p>Room 6 top level BC House 30/A In -middle o- room, resting on a level 080 below- bottom o- wall, an inverted clay larnax, type [drawing (artifact: larnax) labeled Larnax A] [UE7 shows this to be LG/156] body head SW on l. side, head on a brick on - upper arm a plain copper bangle at wrist one carnelian ball bead</p>
<p>Courtyard (2)</p>:
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<p>Room 6 TTB
</p><p>In the broken wall in the <s>NW</s> W corner
there was built into the filling a broken brick
with the stamp [?assumingly?] of Kudur Mabug
The wall is probably of Kudur Mabug date
throughout + the brick accidentally broken
+ so [?] in the core of the wall
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room 7 top level BC House 30/A A small room entirely taken up by a corbel-vaulted brick tomb o which - floor was 220 & - top 070 below - level o- floor o- top bldng (latter an <strong>inside</strong> measurement) [UE7 shows tomb to be LG/154] - Door was to - SW & had been opened & tr was nothing in - grave , o wch only - doorway was perfectly preserved, - rest o- not fallen in.</p>
<p>(6)</p>:
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<p>Room 9 top level (3) BC House 30/A Close to what was - front door, later blocked up tr ran against - NW wall drain pipes o wch 2 survived lying horizontal & emptying into an inverted seepage drain o unusual type diam 060</p>
<p>[drawing (sketch: pavement and pipes) with measurements] [drawing (artifact: tool, drain cover) with measurements, labeled: draw]</p>
<p>- Pipes were laid in a mass of brickwork 7 courses thick : the bricks were brought up along each side o it so t- pipes lay in a brick channel, & - channel was roofed in w bricks wch formed a raised platform 1 course higher than - room pavement : so t- opening to - pipe mouth was a small sq. hole in - floor against - edge o- raised platform</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: building, partial, pipework) labeled: plan] [drawing (section: pipework) labeled: section]</p>:
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<p>Room A 11 3[in a circle] KPS
</p><p>beyond - proper bricks o section A & here to were traces o subdivisions & a drain : but - whole thing was so ruined & nothing v. definite cd be made and w it escaped & - main fact o - enclosures as a backyard o what had been a street.
In - 3rd period - floor level was rained about 070, at this level tr are remains o v shoddy walling in mixed burnt & mud brick overlying - older NW wall [over - old gap] & - N end o - NE wall : other wise nothing remains o this last period.
[drawing of plan]
</p>
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<p>Room A 3 KPS
</p><p>- Floor levels were all stepped down , - founds o - SE wall by 1.40 deeper than in room A1. - Wall was similarly built o mixed bricks and fragments - SW wall was in 2 sections : above, - mud brick wall o room A1, below, & not coinciding with, a wall o burnt bricks, mixed lengths 035 & 027 : this supported - edge o - floor o Room A1. O - NW wall - buttress was mostly burnt bricks 036x0175 - 018, - patch across to -SW wall was o mud brick : in - east part o - wall tr had been a lot o patching at old times : burnt in a below belonged to - early occupation, mud brick above to - later. To - earlier belonged a burnt brick pavement which extended over a large part o - area. In the NW wall by - buttress tr was a hatch or corridor in - mud wall, [?] by a simple burnt brick, with goes on to A4 : it remained 050 high x 025 wide.
The 2nd period in the room might correspond to - earlier in A1.
In - N corner, beyond - pavement was a semicircular fireplace apparently occupying - place o a door which had been blocked.
Beyond - fireplace, to - S, - wall was o a most patchy character & it was really impossible to decide.
</p>
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<p>Room A1 KPS
-SW wall, mostly o mud brick, belonged only to - latest period o occpation, its founds bing vry high up.
-floor level o this period had almost all [?] but it seems to be [?] [?] [?] o - low cross wall wch divides - room into 2 parts
-SE wall was o mixed bricks, many o them broken, belonging to all dates : - low cross wall & the blocking o building in - W corner were o - same mixed character : - NE wall above floor level was o mud bricks 032 vry badly laid : - NW wall a mixture o mud bricks 035x032 & burnt bricks from 035x025 to 023(?)x017, mostly broken. -Room must h been destroyed either when - high-level pavement was laid down or else when the Temenos wall was built, seen, tr - latter came over[?] - SW part o-room
Tr was a mud floor corresponding to - small cross wall & a drain, terracotta rings was sunk through this & tr was also a pot-hole in - floor. Nothing of interest in - room.
</p>
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<p>Room A1 KPS
</p><p>Against - NE wall was a circular terracotta drain at floor level. Traced down, this shewed 5 rings, pierced & collared, wch went down to a rectangular clay tray w raised sides 008 high, set at a slope : fr. bottom o this tr ran off a line o trumpet-smoothed drain pipes fitted one inside another. Rough bits o broken pottery were laid across from - rim o - tray to - vertical drain, to as to goes a passage for water, & similar pieces were plastered over - joints o - trumpet pipes. Tr was no pottery packing round - vertical drain.
</p>
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<p>Room A11 2 [in circle] KPS
-NE side o - room is formed by a wall w a [?] formed o 2 corners o burnt brick 027x0155 & above them mud brick 031 square x 010 high. (in - burnt bricks tr are some o other sizes & many broken). At its N end this wall returns & runs out to - NE. It has no cross walls [?] - SW, but on - NE site tr are 4 walls running out to NE
</p><p>Clearly this is o original plan had nothing to do w KPS section A but was - SW boundary wall o a large building lying to - NE : between it & mud brick wall described above tr was a street.
</p><p>In - 2nd period a wall o mud bricks 031 sq was built from - N angle o - NE wall SW, so as almost to block - street, & this returned again SE : - return is broken away ht 100 (inside measurement) - old NE wall was still und but a doorway was cut through it (hinge stone found in situ) & a drain made through - doorway just [?] [?] level. - Floor o wch was now an mended court was apparently mud paved. To this period belong - bins made over - ruins o - nd SW mud wall & abov 2 small brick drains & a furnace (?) in - SE half o - court. A new burnt brick wall on - SW extended - court
</p>
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<p>Room A3 2 [in a circle] KPS
</p><p>What had been done to it or when : tr had only[?] been a doorway to - NE room next, but it had been destroyed & then blocked up - Brick pavement did not reach up to this wall. & tr - SE wall 2 doorways gave [?] A7 of which - western one had been later blocked w mud brick.
- Whole o - NE wall (burnt brick) was band on [?] [?] mud brick wall which apparently found -NE built o - house : in - E corner-mud brick ran up as - wall proper & had not been replaced w burnt brick
</p>
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<p>Room A4 KPS
A rotten mixture. Tr had been a door in - NW wall going in the street : this was later mixed up - mud brick SE wall was a late addition. Apparently this once [?] part o room A3 wch was long & narrow & was - eastern most section o - house : later, when - door was blocked (?) the cross wall was built cutting off this box like chamber from A3, & at - same time a wide bench was cut though - NE wall o A3 so as to enlarge this into a big court : the alteration ran thus
[Drawing of plan]
</p>
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<p>Room A5 KPS
Small room o - latest period only : - fonds o - outer (NE & NW & SE) Walls are very shallow, starting 050 above - founds o - older NW wall sections of A4 in -S. corner is a brick circular structure, prby a bin, & b this a large pot sunk in - floor.
-Floor level is 130 below - base o - hinge boxes o - Nebuchadnezzer Temenos Gate.
A vry narrow door in -E end o - NE wall leads to A6 : a door leading to A1 has been blocked up.
Room A6 : o this only part o - NW wall was left & some o - rough brick pavement belonging to - period o - latest wall o - foundations of - SW wall were still [?] & clearly in - latest period - ground levels from - line o - Temenos wall stepped down sharply - corresponding to - end of - pavement o this room - first o - main SE wall o - section B [?] are stepped down 075, & a line o mud brick running across from this step down to - corresponding pt in - NW wall o Section A, i.e. - corner o room A4 - Collection o beads & alabaster plaques
</p>
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<p>Room A6 3[in circle] KPS
At about the same depth was found a broken alabaster plaque, early type, thus, carved in low relief on both sides.
[drawing 1/1]
U.6410
[drawing 1/1]
Vol IV
</p>
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<p>Room A6 KPS
</p><p>were found just on this line : further west in - filling, below - floor o A6, were found 2 marble figures of rams & by these a group o pots : below - rams were 1 small bowl, oval 013x009 & a white limestone bowl w nicked rim.
U.6470 [drawing] 48 diam 010 ht 004. With these was a large bead of white frit 008 long : above a clay bead with incised ornament; & a clay sling bolt. The pots (see other notes under Room A8 for former finds) were in groups,
</p><p>In the 1st group all 20 [drawing of pots? association of pots?] touching each other, & each with a cup inserted, where
1. {drawing] 194 ht 022 rim 010 vry light drab clay.
2. similar
3. [drawing] 145 ht about 038, much broken light drab clay.
</p><p>In 2nd group
4. [drawing] 205 light drab clay ht 020 rim 009.
5. [drawing] ht 020 rim 011 light drab clay &
6. [?] 3. but ht only 021.
7. similar
</p>
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<p>Room A6 KPS
Near the pots, the inlay eye of a statue (U.6586?) & 2 more clay sling bolts
Vol IV
</p>
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<p>Room A7 KPS
Remains o - pavement o burnt brick, surviving only in - N corner & against - door to Room A8. Later a higher mud floor had been laid down & sill o - door in - N corner stepped up to its level : the 2nd door in - NW wall was blocked up apparently at this time. Tr mud floor [?] belonged a square burnt-brick fireplace in the middle o - room & to - brick pavement period a circular drain next to - fireplace, though this may well h been the base in - later period also a circular drain next to - SE wall belonged only to period I.
-Walls as usual shewed signs o destruction & rebuilding in a mixture o mud & burnt brick : - latest looking bricks were 025x017 but all - walls were a jumble of reused material. against - blocked door was a collection o small beads, mostly frit.
</p><p>Room A8
A mere cupboard o a room. Any door from A7. -floor level was at least 030 & probably a good dal more above - level o A7. - SW wall was below v. rough clearly a mere patching apart - face of earlier steps wch corresponds to - wall line as is shewn by - stepping up o - founds o - SE & NW walls : - upper part o - wall,
</p>
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<p>Room A8. 2 [in circle] KPS
wch was not bad. slightly, was better built, as from a level about 110 above - bottom founds o - other walls. Probably it - floor level was pretty high, but it had no connection w A9
</p><p>Room A9: high-level room : - roughly made high pavement is 050 above - middle period mud floor of A1. - NE wall has been largely destroyed but tr was never a door here.
</p><p>Room A10 Vry small room entered only from room A9: floor, destroyed, must h been mud; across it runs a rough partition o burnt brick perhaps for a hin.
In - room, at about floor level, was a tablet of about 693 BC.
</p>
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<p>Room B1 KPS
Very much better [?] than in A section : walls o burnt brick covered w o smooth mud plaster mud floor, wch has been removed at a higher level Bricks 025x0075, but mixed w all sorts o other types including a 032 sq. stamped brick o BurSin Door in NW wall w high buttressed[?] goes in to street or courtyard : Door in NE wall goes in B2 [Looks like B3 was erased]. In - NE wall - 2 lowest courses are earlier than the upper wch are not exactly aligned w them.
B3. mud floor : this has been removed & - wall plaster only goes down as low as - upper floor level, a difference of about 040. In - floor, a large circular pipe drain, top missing.
</p>
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<p>Room B3 KPS
Close to the door in the NW wall were found, clear in floor level, a remainder[?] of clay tablets, labels, o the dates of the 1st dynasty of Babylon
</p>
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<p>Room B4 KPS
Mud floor, inlaid later 025 above - adjoined[?] : at - same time - thresholds o - doors were raised by 2 courses o burnt brick. - mud plaster in - burnt brick walls is not preserved down to - level o - later floor only. - Upper floor was only preserved in - W. corner. No this corner is a large pipe drain belonging to - 1st floor period. In - NW end o - room were found sockets o 693 BC : they lag actually below - level o - upper floor but [?] [?} has been destroyed by combat [?} said to be earlier than it & more probably date from - time o its destruction.
</p>
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<p>Room B5[Crossed out] 6 KPS
In the filling, above floor level, was a head of white marble, early Sumerian style, eyes apparently inlaid & head shaven : back of head missing.
ht 009 at the same level was 2 bricks of Kurigalzu loose in the filling.
U6417
[Drawing of head}
Vol IV
</p>
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<p>Room M/23 66 KP
</p><p>Floor entirely disappeared thanks to [?Pastor's?] [?]
but - walls remain w 3 courses o burnt brick
+ mud brick above.
</p><p>NE wall, N. angle present but N. jamb o doorway
cut away : in M (B) this doorway was blocked w mud brick
NW wall, door to M/24 intact.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room M/5 Outer wall SE side KP
</p><p>Another instance of wood contruction in a mudbrick wall
occurred here. - Wall was apparently o - early period
(Larsa) + where it was preserved highest tr were
3 parallel [?troughs?] lined w mud wch shewed -
imprint o rough small poles, diam 008-010.
Obviously such wd not be very strong, + - only object
o putting them in wd be to get a stronger bond.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room M/9 C 10 KP
</p><p>Against - SE wall, 070 from - E corner tr was
a cone o Warad Sin o - Gigpar o Ningal, in position.
It lay against - burnt brick wall face, hidden by -
mud plaster wch here was 030 thick . it was just about at floor level
- Burnt brick [?therefore?] therefore[three dots] to be older. - plastering is
part o Warad Sin's restoration but he appropriated
- burnt brick wall
About 030 below - cone tr. was a strip o
burnt brick pavement projecting from - wall face
050 : it might conceivably h been - foundation
for - v. thick plaster facing o - wall
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room Square J. 7 C 22-23 KP
</p><p>Just in front o - door, on - bitumen covered floor, there was found a fr. o [?], - throne + part o - [?] o Nin gal, dedicated by Enanatum. U [blank space]
Just by this was a fragment o wood circular in section w a band o copper or bronze round it : total diam.
013, width o metal 003 - Metal was in hopeless condition : o - wood only so much remained as was protected by - metal.
By this was a small clay gaming-piece (?)
thus [drawing (artifact)] 1/1
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Room [blank space] C 7 KP
</p><p>Great Court
</p><p>The small bitumen-lined tank in - N corner was
(in its N corner) preserved to its original height. -
bitumen coating on - inner face, [blank space] thick, was
curved over at - top [?] - top surface o - brickwork.
It stood 075 high [drawing (section of described installation)]
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Rumani Room. ?Larsa EM. G.
</p><p><b>Larsa</b> [drawing (artifact: pot)] CCX
[drawing (artifact: pot) CCX] 2 brownish burnished clay
1 [?around?] 008 the other 014 and 1 type CVII
ht 023.
</p><p>4 pots in Rumani grave Type XVI
[drawing (artifact: pot)] RC 73 022, 022, 005
023
one type CVII
RC 55 [drawing (artifact: pot)] 024
</p><p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] miniature wd 006
?CCXvariant? draw
</p><p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] ht 073 wd 005 [?bb?] 004
near Larsa child's grave. S End [undecipherable]
[type]? 286
</p>:
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<p>S corner of shrine TTB
</p><p>All bricks with stamps Kudur Mabug, only
bottom course clearly earlier + built with
bitumen (as was the [?internal?] corner but not the
side) : remains of broken brick box for
deposit 075 below the lowest burnt brick.
IN the upper part was 1 complete brick of
KURIGALZU.
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>S of 11 Pat Row G.343. Larsa A H</p>
<p>Same room as G.342 a corbelled b.b. grave lying NW x SE Length 2m w 1.3m Ht 1m Door blocked up with bricks set on edge and protruding into the room by a length. Against the entrance a vase of l drab yellowish baked clay Rim 018 Ht 049 [drawing (artifact: pot)] larsa ICLXXXVII [C written backwards]</p>
<p>(2) Dark drab baked clay Ht 020 Rim 010 Base 008 [drawing (artifact: pot)] Larsa 608 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">CCXII RC15</span></p>
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<p>S of 11 Pat Row G.343. Larsa A.H.</p>
<p>In the grave a number of baked clay vases, all light drab</p>
<p>(3).Rim 010<span style="text-decoration:line-through;">5</span> Ht 0225 Base 0065 [drawing (artifact: pot)] XVI RC 73 larsa</p>
<p>(4) Rim 0105 Ht 024 Base 006 [drawing (artifact: pot)] ICXXXVIII [C written backwards] larsa</p>
<p>(5) Ht 0235 Similar to (3)</p>
<p>(6) Ht 024 " " (4)</p>
<p>(7) " " " " (3)</p>
<p>(8) " 022 " " "</p>
<p>In the grave 3 bodies all in confusion</p>
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<p>S of 11 Pat Row G.352 Larsa A.H.</p>
<p>In N. corner of room containing corbel vault .343 a lare pot burial considerably smashed containing a number of bones within it in complete confusion and with the bones clay vases. Level 1m. below top course of b.b. in NE wall. In the grave</p>
<p>(1) Ht 023 Rim 011 Base 0065 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 272] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">XX draw</span> larsa</p>
<p>(2) same as G 343 (4) Ht 023 =L.70</p>
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<p>S of 11 Pat Row Larsa G.353. A.H.</p>
<p>070 Below Level II (early level)</p>
<p>Almost touching G.352, about 020 below its level a larnax, hopelessly smashed - evidently tampered with - skeleton lay NW x SE Head SE, and outside it a vase of yellowish drab baked clay. Ht 050 Rim 015 (1) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: larsa]</p>
<p>(2) Same as G.343 (4) Ht 023 ICXXXVIII [C written backwards] larsa</p>
<p>(3) Rim 0145 Ht 0045 Base 0043 CCLXXVII larsa [drawing (artifact: pot)] reddish drab clay carinated</p>
<p>NB. All the larnaxes in this room lay below the level of the roof of the corbelled b.b. grave.</p>
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<p>S of 11 Pat Row Larsa</p>
<p>G.354.</p>
<p>Larnax grave. L. 09.5 w. 050. ht 035. Lay beneath E corner of corbelled. b.b. grave 343 and [therefore symbol] larsa</p>
<p>earlier than it. Outside it</p>
<p>(1) vase of greenish drab baked clay Ht 047 type same as G 353 (1) ICIXXXVI [note: the C in this numeral is written backwards]</p>
<p>(2) In the grave Bowl of light drab clay yellowish Ht 0115 Rim 0102 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: TYPE LIII = RC 40]</p>
<p>(3) lying on breast U.17.099 a cylinder seal L 0023 d 0013 soft white limestone Presentation scene 2 standing figures before an enthroned god : clad in long flowing robes. one wears kaunakes skirt</p>
<p>(4) Frags. of a slightly carinated reddish baked clay bowl.</p>:
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<p>S. Harbour</p>
<p>angles: it seems :. to h veen a later blocking o - orig. harbour mouth, though it must be admitted t - distinctive is a  ? ? & only - need o having a harbour mouth induced us to look for it here.</p>
<p>To - NW o - harbour mouth - wall, build o mud bricks 035sq, runs str, w a vertical face ? 040 fm face of it, ? by piled on w broken burnt bricks & rubbish, tr runs parallel w it an outer wall o mud brick wch has ? o ? a latter [?R..?] : this is 800 wide & part is battered. But as back wall was ? on to 200 wide & sloped away almost at ? ? - harbour basin it was perhaps this wch was addition</p>
<p>In Sq (G- post)</p>:
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<p>School House A.H. G.138 Chapel</p>
<p>060 below floor level against S corner of the corbel vault a disturbed Larnax burial contained 5 vases of light drab baked clay Hts all ranged between 0225 & 0235 588/-</p>
<p>same as G.312 (1)</p>
<p>(2) Rim 009 Ht 027 Base 007 TYPE</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled 655] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">?draw</span> Larsa cf. DP23</p>
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<p>School House Chapel G 317. A.H</p>
<p>grave had been disturbed, their [sic] were only a few confused bones within it and</p>
<p>(1) Rim 015 Ht007 Base 06 Burnished bowl, dark brown</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: CCX] Larsa</p>
<p>(2) Yellowish Drab baked clay Ht 0215 Straight variant of TYPE <strong>XVI</strong> same as G.312 (1) 588 <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">RC73</span></p>
<p>At the SE end of the grave there was a ledge at the 6th course from the bottom 1 brick wide</p>
<p>(larsa)</p>
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<p>Section on SW Pg 777
</p><p>[drawing (section:grave) labeled A]
actual state
</p><p>[drawing (section:grave) labeled A]
suggested reconstruction
</p>:
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<p>SM
Denuded Larsa building in Temenos
</p>
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<p>Sq (2) CLW</p>
<p>rampart it gave a v. wavy line [?acc?] to - degree to wch it was weathered back, &Â ? probably be restored as more or less straight & it was - actual wall was proved by tests at [?inter...?]</p>
<p>In Sq K31(crossed out) a cut was made fm - part trench back to - top o - mound, following mud brick - whole way: traces o burnt brick [b...?] were found at an approx. distance back o 1500 ? - this ? be fallen brick fm a wall nearly 100 further back.</p>
<p>In Sq K31 a cut - was made out fm - line & failed to get - time wall face: drift sand came to - 130 down, & then rubbish (chiefly decomposed mud brick) going a slightly sloped & absolutely flat top surface ? ? to rain & wind action. A cut was :. made higher up, on - line o - ang. trench, & produced real mud brick on wall</p>
<p>just above this outward</p>:
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<p>Sq AA 19 CLW</p>
<p>Tr was here a bad [?kink?] backwards [?in?] - bank line were [?major?] be accidental, & then a second (smaller) were coincided w - end o - clinked belt = a band o dark [?sand?] [?pm?] here [?ran?] back to - angle o - city wall, making an absolutely ? line</p>
<p>Sq BB 19</p>
<p>- Bank continued but pm ? [?of?] changed its character & was o mud as ? building refuse - at a pt in Sq BB 19 it [?setting?] at a corner, ? a steep face to - NE is clean [?..nd?] going down for 160. This stems ? ? up w - canal bank found under - NE wall.</p>
<p>Sq BB 21</p>
<p>A long cut here about 150 deep [?produced?] only mud w no traces o [?stratipiate?] (it was not [?carried?] quite up to - dark bank)</p>:
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<p>Sq BB64 CLW
</p><p>- Remains o a brick blding gave - [?p..?] - It was a blding o burnt bricks o every description fm 023 to 035 long, very shoddy work: its only interest was to give line a back blding. In part o it - [ad?] mud brick stretched for about 139 & then - [w..?] face was found : top o it lay under 150 o drift sand, but below this for 070 (-limit dry) - face was v. good bricks distinct 0 batter only 1 in 10 (sq. AA.65)
</p><p>Sq Z. 64
</p><p>- face o wall weathered by distinct. - Thickening traced back for 1600
</p><p>Sq. X.63 Wall face good; - wall top ran fm surface level down to 070 at -lip & was then traced down to 170
</p><p>Sq W. 62-3
</p><p>Wall face weathered but distinct: followed down to 170
</p>:
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<p>Sq C-D [?] 11 KP
</p><p>Gig par ku Room A 13
</p><p>Just by - BurSin [= Amar-Sîn] pavement where - IbiSin sockets
are found tr was a [?red?] clay vase ht 010 with
4 [?] spouts (or cups of offering) at rim , thus (broken but complete) [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel) on drawing: 699] = iL. 129
</p><p>VII
</p>
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<p>Sq CLW</p>
<p>Wall top traced: at back, scanty traces o burnt brick ?, hardly a line at all. At 1650 fm this - mud brick falls away a sharp slope in part o wch is v ? rubbish & drift sand: no line masonry face, but broken face unmistakeable</p>
<p>Sq J. 38?</p>
<p>Wall top traced; at - back, scantly remains o a wall w same traces o a ? outwardly. a broken pot burial 140 fm wall face seems to show & tr was here a room o wch only back wall is preserved. At 1910 fm - wall, - mud brick ends in a vertical face o wch tr remain 2 comses & then 2 comses offset founds (brick 032). This came to a definite corner (at SE) & ? backwards - Blding is v. bad & ? late: below - brick [?w..?] is hard mud rubbish. It might be a ? : - actual founds are only 160 below - modern surface</p>:
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<p>Sq D-G 5-6 2 C 7 KP
</p><p>The Great Court
</p><p>- SE wall bricks 032 sq (one or two 032 x 19 1/2)
At - S end tr was originally a small door : - S jamb
o this abutted on - SW wall but was not bonded in to it,
- SW wall running on w a [?str?] face. - Corner was much
designed + - jamb in question was only 2 courses high.
In - middle o - wall tr was a [?] gateway like 1 on -
NW + SW sides o - court. This had been blocked up
by rough wall founds + a new pavement had been
laid over - edge o - old wall (here too v. much
ruined) + over part o - court, 040 above - W
pavement. - Kurigalzu founds run along - top
o - old wall but set back 060 from its face +
apparently had nothing to do w this 2nd floor, wch
might well be 1st Bab. dynasty.<br />
[?] In - N corner tr was a brick water tank lined
w bitumen (see separate note), bricks 027 x 027 (9 courses h 080)
set in bitumen. By this was a white limestone base
like a column, quite rough, + hollowed out inside
to a depth of 045 it stood 080 above - paving
+ went down deeply into it : diam 037, diam o
hole 030 tapering down. - Edges o this did not shew
any strong signs o being used + perhaps - stone was - base for a metal basin.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Sq FF 27 CLW</p>
<p>good wall face [?out?] - [?top?] ? - ?, nearly vertical, W ? apart it. 900 back ? [?this?] was found a wall of mud bricks (l.032) it was 100 [?brick?] ? clearly part of Neo Bab. line.</p>
<p>Sq GG 28</p>
<p>Wall face much battered & weathered into steps. ? ? ? ? to Neo Bab wall.</p>:
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<p>Sq II, 63 CLW</p>
<p>
- main interest o this building (wch was properly cleared) was t[hat?] it gave definitely - thickness o - rampart at this pt. for -[it?] followed - front line o - latter, & its back was given by - front line o - building, - burnt brickwork o wch acted as retaining wall for t mud brick o t rampart.
</p>
<p>- walls (except for t retaining wall) were solid, 060 wide, built o bricks 025×017×0075. These burnt bricks giving a ht o 150 for - outer walls, & for - inner walls 100, above wch came mudbrick. Floors were brick paved & under - floor o - main room was an unusually large brick corbelled tomb wch had been broken from above & contained nothing. Whatever - blding was it did not seem to compair to any normal house plan. All - N end o it was ruined away & - plan is only a part o - whole.
</p>:
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<p>Sq J. 8 C 23 KP
</p><p>Small chamber opening out of the end o - door recess
by - sanctuary.
- whole o - NE half o - room had been destroyed + -
walls razed to floor level
Walls [?breached?] at S+E corners = present up to
11 courses<br />
Brick pavement<br />
On this was found - black stone cigarbox also
by - door were plentiful remains o wood wch
represented - hinge-pole o - door : in - box by -
SW jamb o - door - lower part o - pole was
found not burnt, - upper part was [?burnt?].
In - top o - [?] level were - remains o a
stone dish, black shale, w 3 round [?], short,
like those o alabaster trays found in 1922, w
holes in them as if for fitting on to a tripod.
</p>
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<p>Sq J.36 CLW</p>
<p>True wall face found; almost vertical (batter [?..ther?] ? there 1 in 10) weathered in places but well preserved: dry down to 200 apast - face, pottery & ? rubbish steeply ?.</p>
<p>Wall top traced back to [?summit?] of hill w no trace of buildup on it.</p>
<p>Sq I. 34</p>
<p>Trench shewed sand mud brick, no face</p>
<p>Sq. I.32 - End o - trench was in middle o a modern water ? running out fm - W corner o - ziggurat & shewed only mud brick below (at star) & then mud rick rubbish consolidated into mud pottery & other debris on top.</p>
<p>Fm this pt on we followed W o continuous trench - weathered upper slope o - mud brick</p>:
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<p>Sq K 41 CLW</p>
<p>? o mud brick v w pottery & ash * rubble apast it, slope steeply (about 10Â ? 30 vertical) but actual face bad & line not true (it seemed to be running out at an L fm SE to NW, but this was due to bad condition)</p>
<p>- Wall was traced back on top: - blding on & behind it had ? jam but a line o broken bricks at 1760 back may give a relative [?pontage?]. Behind this solid mud brick continued & run for at least another 150 fm - level [?on?] burnt bricks</p>
<p>Sq K 40 (? ?)</p>
<p>mud brick traced down to a slope apast wch was piled burnt brick rubble: this came more or less on vt line, but tr was no true face found</p>:
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<p>Sq KK 37 CLW - Blding, judging by â brickwork, were all o- Larsa Period & were parts o a small house or houses backed onto â Wall. Two periods were represented but neither was o much importance. Houses were roughly paved w burnt brick: - Walls had frm 3 to 5 courses o burnt brick w mud brick above: - eastern chamber was stepped up 050 apart â footings o â Wall, & - Wall face was lined w a single thickness o burnt brick, along â side o â eastern room, & w 3 thicknesses on - rectangular [?salient?] - South, though part o this had been pulled away. On â top o â Wall thr were remains o rather poor burnt brick foundations 1.10 above â floor o â eastern chamber, this giving a total rise o 150 above â SW side o â house. A drain in â NE chamber rising frm â floor to southern paved level, & a Persian clay larnax in â same room, also at paved level, & another apart â SW face o - [?], shewed t â site was much divided since Persian times. To â NE o â blding â terrace o good reddish grey mud brick was undoubtedly â Wall & probably - IIIrd Dyn. Wall.</p>:
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<p>Sq KP (c)
</p><p>deep and 030 wide ^ on W side and 032x032 on S side. <strike>sign of bricks</strike>. On the W side of the face
of the doorway is badly built, the upper portion projecting about
007 from the lower portion but the projection only begins at floor
level so that it would not have been apparent at the time
that the earlier passage was in use. SW wall runs on for
another 1.5 m and at this joint forms the corner of the SW and
NW walls under the line of the later walls. the corner is ruined
and a block of 5 courses of bricks has been built up
against it, size of bricks 030 x 015 x 007 & 028 x 019 x 009. The block
is bonded in to the NW wall & is therefore[three dots] contemp with both NW and SW walls.
</p><p>BLOCK PROJECTS [undecipherable measurement] NW wall apparently [undecipherable] from SW.
</p><p>NW wall must have been bonded in with the SW wall
but corner is ruined. Bricks [6 words]
in SW wall 027 x 019 x 008 though slightly smaller. <strike>With the NW wall</strike>
In the NW wall the foundations of the later wall go [undecipherable]
the Kurigalzu pavement level & the same is true of the SW wall -
- immediately below [?runs?] the earlier Larsa wall. W. end of the
NW wall forms a <strike>[?doory?]</strike> door jamb 050 [?wide?] to the door in the
wall. The door itself is 1.2 m wide and <strike>its</strike> on the W side
shows traces of a revil [reveal], so that there must have been a
corresponding revil [reveal] belonging to the other jamb. The W jamb
however is in very poor condition. Part of the face is cut
away and it may be that the block in the W corner
referred to was wider than it is now and built up against it.
It is difficult to say for what purpose the burnt brick block
served. It may have been part of the door socket box of
the later period but if so it is unnecessarily [?bulky?] This [undecipherable]
is used but on some of the bricks in the block and in the
</p>
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<p>Sq KP (d)
</p><p>jamb of the door there are traces of bitumen which
elsewhere occurs only on the <strike>flo</strike> early floor and in the NE wall.
It is at any rate contemp with NW and SW walls as it is bonded.
</p><p>NE wall. In N corner face is much battered and it is
difficult to see whether there is a bond with the NW wall
Bricks appear to be mostly headers ? x 019 x 008
1.5 m away from the N corner the wall probably turned in
order to form the opposite jamb of the big 3rd dyn. block
which runs on to form the N jamb of the doorway at the E
corner of the NE wall. <strike>Against</strike> Approximately where the N jamb
of the N doorway on the NE wall should be there are traces of
a straight join possibly indicating that the doorway was later
on blocked up but the wall here is in such a ruined state and
so much broken brick lies against it that it is impossible to
be certain on this point. More probably the broken brick lying
opposite the entrance is simply filling below the later pavement
Rest of the NE wall with the exception of the jamb in the E
corner is built up of III dyn brick with bitumen mortar <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> [?of do?]
</p><p>050 below the upper pavement was found in the
middle of the room and against the SE wall an earlier
pavement with a bitumen coating. Pavement is of mixed bricks
035 sq 33 sq 26 sq 25 sq and one has Enanatum stamp upon it.
This pavement extends from the SE wall for a distance of [?1.6?] m
in the direction of the NW end of the room. Over it against the
NE and SW walls beginning at a distance of 2.7 m away from the
</p>
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<p>Sq KP [Sketch (architectural plan)] Rectangular room 2.5 x 2.7m, below <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[?transverse?]</span> 3rd dynasty mud brick walls, above traces - of Larsa burnt brick. SW wall mud brick standing 080 above floor level In W corner is a doorway and below its S jamb an inscribed door socket of Ur Nammu was found in position. w of doorway is only 070 but as is apparent not only from the room in question but from the contamination of the doorway in the adjacent room where there is a passage of same width.</p>:
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<p>Sq KP. (a)
</p><p>On removing the upper pavement an older one
also of burnt brick was found 032 below and some curious
features were revealed in connection with it. Traces of
older walls were also found
</p><p>SE wall. On digging down to the lower pavement
level a single course of bricks projecting 013 from the S
corner and coinciding with the E corner was found. Evidently
then the later SE wall was built on top of an earlier wall
which did not run in exactly the same direction. Measurement
of lower bricks 020 x 017 x 008 with one of 025. S corner <strike>still unexcavated</strike> fractionally
excavated. At E corner <strike>apparently bonds with</strike> wall is apparently
bonded with the older 2 courses of burnt brick forming the E
jamb of the doorway at the E corner of the room. q.v. Here
however the later wall coincides with the earlier whose brick
dimensions are 023 x 019 x 009. This wall runs on <strike>into</strike> in the
next room but projects well out from the SE wall of that room q.v.
S corner difficult to see what occurs as later SW wall projects
well over the earlier wall <strike>[undecipherable]</strike>
</p><p>SW wall of the later period apparently built up on
top of <strike>the</strike> an earlier <strike>pavement</strike> WALL <strike>which is the middle portion of the room [undecipherable] under it.</strike> 085 away from the S corner is a doorsocket <strike>Above</strike> hole belonging to the later wall. Underneath
</p>
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<p>Sq L-M 9-10 B 7 KP
</p><p>Bur Sin [= Amar-Sîn] Trilithon
</p><p>The pavement in front of + round the upright
stone was mostly of bricks 026 x 0175 x 008
but there were some larger bricks 031 sq.
with - stamps o Sille Adad.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p><p>[drawing on back of page]
</p>
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<p>Sq M 46 CLW</p>
<p>(see description on last pap of notes)</p>
<p>[picture, blueprint; labeled A back corner At 1000, (lower right): bank drain top]</p>
<p>Sqq M45, N44</p>
<p>At top o trench burnt brick walls resting on mud brick, w mud brick behind them rising to higher level = mud bricks length 032Â : mud bricks mixed, mostly 026Â ?, [?s...?] 023. It wd seem to be a [?p...?] on & definitely not behind rampart.</p>
<p>At 1650 pm this - mud brick ended w - vertical face apast wch came sloped down close to it at depth 100. a rough square enclosed by bricks set on edge as if for a hearth:</p>:
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<p>Sq M-N 46 CLW</p>
<p>Above, this gave 2 parallel mud brick walls: ? to SW was - back o - 4.20 wall o wch - face came in Sq M46 - other was 140 from it, began above w an L behind wch came rubble & ran down to Sq M46 where side & front end o - wall were found, both vertical: - end o - wall found a buttress w a ? o 030 beyond wch - wall continued and to - NW, face vertical apast - buttress end & wall face, ashes, broken pottery & blown sand above this fm the top 100 wch continued down to 250</p>
<p>To - SE o - buttress - ? changed fm rubbish to heavy mud (no bricks cd be seen) & an this, flush w face o buttress, was - end o an open drain & burnt brick & between at 120 down. ? drain, - hard mud sloped outwards mashing a bank w drift sand apast it & a little rubbish only under - sand</p>:
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<p>Sq M45 N44 (2) CLW</p>
<p>? part o - small ? excavated however - mud brick continued, fm surface down (bricks 032 length) & it is possible t here we h only a square shaft later date cut down into - said brick[?w..?]. A cut 500 ahead went down into rubbish & shewed at 100 down solid brick[?wash?] wch seemed to give limits o rampart though no true face cd be found. (Sq ): a second shd ? to ? (Sq ) gave no result.</p>
<p>Sq. L43-M43</p>
<p>A v good brick face w a slight [?rather?] (- upper part weathered away in regular steps o brick[?wash?]: apast - face, mostly brick rubble w rubbish above running at a steep slope. Top o brick followed inland for 1650 & then - remains o a burnt brick [?pontage?] v ?.</p>:
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<p>Sq MM 37,36 (2) 100 thick (bricks 032 sq). - [?Spaced?] out then had been paved w mud brick & down - middle ran a long trough-like kiln, brick-leveled, having a firing pit at â SE end : it was 070 wide & - walls started to arch over at ht 055, but tr was nothing to show what had been burnt in it ____ - ashes were those o light wood & [?], & - bricks shewed no signs o [?vibritaction?] & though â soil mud was reddened by heat this and not seem to h been [?tremendous?] - Kiln is Neo Babylonian. Dug into it & into - mud brick floor o- kiln house are numerous Persian larnax graves [drawing: shape of grave] on wch see separate notes. Immediately beyond â outer Neo- Bab Wall o â Kiln house lay â face o â canal rampart. Along â lip o it ran â footings o a parapet wall in burnt bricks (some o them seem to be 029x0175, others are 033 sq: for - width o â wall only 070 remains, but this is a broken face behind, & tr may h been more burnt brick, or mud brick</p>:
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<p>Sq MM 42 (2) CLW o - room also shews a batter & has mud brick behind it, while â side (SE) wall shews a str. joint & is clearly an addition, - original frontage here was set back, - point from w its lower floor level is an addition, & - general level o â bldings on â rampart may h been constant up to this point. Then comes a real change, though â transition is made difficult by â complete ruin o- next blding: but in it â (mud brick) floor wch is â rampart top is slipped down apparently by 080: this level ran right up to â wall o- next blding Sq MM43 A small building comparatively well preserved, but â whole part is gone leaving only patches o brick pavement outside- existing front wall. -Floor is 081 below to - [?first?] blding & so gives a solid drop o 160 minimum : - ruins occupy -bottom o small wadi & it is clear t this conforms to â ancient condition â SE wall o â blding (preserved for 8 courses o burnt brick w mud bricks above) acts as a retaining wall â floor o -</p>:
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<p>Sq MM 43 next blding was at least 200 highest than here (- floor here gone but - brickwork below it gives this minimum ht) - House itself is o small interest -Bricks measure 029x019x0085: in â NW wall tr was 12 courses o burnt brick but â other walls had less, so far as one cd judge â In â house was a brick vault burnt & several other burials (see separate notes). . <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">In [?]</span> This is uniform for â SE wall: in - NW wall â bricks are uniformly 026-7x0175x 008: in â middle walls tr is a mixture, <strong>but</strong> those walls seem to be bonded in Tr is no reason why this house mud brick â general line o â rampart: but possibly it occupies what was once a street giving access to â canal (?)</p>:
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<p>Sq MM. 36 (3) CLW - Canal wall part shews a broken face w a pronounced batter o approximately 25D in a vertical ht o 3.20, but this was partly due to â decay o â top part & where a bit o â true face was preserved it gave a slope o 065 in 100 -Soil apart â face o â wall was mostly mud brick rubbish & pottery, but at 300 below â founds o â parapet wall tr was <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">dry</span> dry mud [?mostly?] waterland</p>:
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<p>Sq MM. 54 CLW -Only pt o interest abt - small blding facing â Rim Sin Temple was t its founds wen not stepped down inland but rested on rubbish, - general line o â founds being a little larger than â founds o â Rim Sin wall when there rested on - rampart: clearly - ground rose frm - Temple & was terraced up â side o - present wadi. Sheet bet. - 2 bldings was filled up behind, as is proved by - fact t against â corner o - Temple tr is a lump o older burnt brick masonry wch - builders left standing to within 5 courses o sheet o â buttress; [therefore] it was buried, although - founds o - Temple at this corner go much deeper. Sqq MM, LL.57 -Blding beyond â Rim Sin temple had mixed bricks 027x019 & a few o 029x020x0085: - front wall rested directly on - bricks o- rampart: where - burnt bricks frontage broke away tr lay in front o it 240 away a heavy wall o mud brick o wch - outer face had disappeared, running at a slight < w- frontage & made o bricks 024x c. 015 x 009 (about) a dig for - rampart in part o this smashed brickwork but no proper face (probably a kisu?)</p>:
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<p>Sq MM34 CLW - Big part was built close to - eye o â canal wall & - founds o its NE wall cd not be distinguished frm - substance o â rampart o wch it formed a part. - Rampart face shewed a building o grey brick when sloping face though much later away was easily distinguished [therefore symbol] it was overlaid by a bed o bright red (burnt) brick earth mixed w parts o burnt brick - [?Batter?] gave an slope o 150 horizontal in 200 vertical (allowance however must be made for â weathering o â top part) & then tr was a flat terrace approx. 200 wide; - next slope was gentler, giving 200 horizontal in 160 vert- ical. Almost as soon as we started clearing this slope â soil apart it shewed - lumpiness & crackedness o soil wch has been wet (like â mud on â Euphrates bank) & at â bottom tr was definite mud <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">settle</span> sediment.</p>:
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<p>Sq NN 51 CLW A few house remains left, set back frm â main frontage line. In part o them was solid mud brick (broken into by intrusive larnax builds of Neo Bab & Persian dates) & then a mud brick wall running at a transverse angle: it was badly built w bricks 032 sq & w wide mortar joints clearly o late date it gave us nothing about - wall only 4 courses o it was left just below - surface w mixed rubble below them. Sq. MM. 53 A little patch o burnt brickwah o - Larsa type gave again - main frontage, lining up w Rim Sin Temple</p>:
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<p>Sq NN38 CLW From Sqq LL 38 â mudbrickwork ran consistently down to SwNN38: acc this then is [?a?] [?brickwork?] o- rampart wall at this point. Then comes a burnt brick face wch however is not continuous. Much o- wall face wd seem to h been o mudbrick & at â SE end o â excavated stretch nothing else was found: then comes a vertical drain shaft in â wall face built o burnt bricks 029x019x008 set in bitumen & after 280 o mud brick a burnt brick facing: bricks set in mud mortar, 2 sizes (A) 037-036 square x 0085 thick (B) 029x019 x008 & one <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">003</span> 034x010 high. From this projected a wall 145 wide, for 410, when it perhaps returned NW, this enclosing a chamber w a high-level brickpaved floor: -end o this pro- jecting wall was destroyed. - Main face continued w â same mixture o bricks, [?] on a buttress, then another in sq MM38 wch was much destroyed & having a longer projection looked more like â start o â wall than a buttress.</p>:
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<p>Sq NN43 -wall here is o burnt brick strongly battered, w mud brick behind running solid At one pt tr is but 2 houses o brick wch has been walled up & filled in: probably a lane. -Burnt brickwork ends (broken : it is picked up agn in Sw NN44 w a buttress, but in part o this gap tr was a saliant o which tr remains part o â frontage wall & behind it a mass o brickwork grey in colour & so not o - same date as - normal warm drab o- rampart bricks: it is - colour o - 1st kisu added to - canal rampart face (sq. NN44 q-t) Sq. OO44 â Lip o - canal rampart was found at 5.30 frm - brick frontage wall: it was in bad condition : to - face of it tr had been added a kisu 400 thick built o larger grey bricks 032sq x 010 w projections at - back [?to grey?] into â rubbish. On - edge o this, overlying â older slope, had been built a said mud brick structure w bricks 035sq x 010 thick. Facing â burnt brick wall at its SE end & frm it tr was a low wall</p>:
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<p>Sq O45 CLW</p>
<p>A cut near - top o - wadi [bank?] produced a short length o apparently massive wall built o mud bricks 036sq & fm 010 to 013 thick (5 comses gave ht 063)Â : in part o this wall was found par o a cone U.15651 of Warad Sin, dedication o Temple o Dilmun (UR Texts 127)</p>
<ul><li>those bricks were made as a large admixture o chopped straw.</li>
</ul><p>- Wall rested on rubbish. A trench cut out in part o it produced clay larnax [?p...?] sunk in rubbish wch contained broken mud & burnt brick : but tr was here nothing like a rampart, though as our [?trench?] went down only 170 (wch was well below - founds o - wall above) it was perhaps not devisive, at least for early period.</p>:
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<p>Sq OO44 o mud bricks 026x065x008, <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[?not?]</span> warm drab in colour, wch must h been - orig. parapet wall (in sq NN 44) - Kisu part was steep, giving a slope o only 050 horizontal & 200 vertical at 200 fm its top â side in part o it was dried mud clearly due to water action.</p>:
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<p>Sq OO47 (2) CLW -Back wall is necessarily A retaining wall for a brick mass at least 300 high -Walls 085 thick are [?] for a small house. To â south, - mud brick slopes down unbroken frm â hill top to â canal bank, running as high as â tops o -burnt brick walls.</p>
<p>Sq. On either side o â wadi v scanty small house remains on - hill tops contained tr give an approximate line o frontage</p>:
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<p>Sq P. 52 CLW</p>
<p>- wall tope was followed to its lip.</p>
<p>-Â ? out into - [pontage?] wch was not v. good, but on B side o - cut true line of it was observed & followed & original face was found curving inland towards - harbour. It was quite smooth & thin & had a batter o 45 in 70 - Apast its face fm 100 below modern surface downwards was rubbish containing much pottery</p>:
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<p>sq page 1 room 2 SW face of Ziggurat</p>
<p>Rectangular chamber walls of burnt brick running NE by SW and NW by SE. Area of room 4.7 x 3.5 m. Longer wall running NW by SE. Mud floor</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:line-through;">N</span> SE wall has a doorway in it at the E end connecting this room with room 3 which abuts on this wall. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> Bonded both at E end. At S corner though in latter corner bonding is bad</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">apparently built unbonded. SE wall appears to be built up against SW wall and so later than it.</span> Size of bricks 026 x 076 x 008, 024 x 075 x 007. Bonded at both E and S corners though the bounding in the S corner is bad. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">Doorway at</span> E jamb of the doorway in the SE wall is 035 long and the doorway is 1.2 m wide with 036 x 023 x 009 & 027 x 018 x 005 threshold bricks. In the wall is a broken brick of KURIGALZU thus proving that the entire room as it stands is Post-Larsa as all the corners except the W which is mud are bonded. At S end of wall a foundation course, bricks 027 x 019 x 007 but this course is only visible in the S corner.</p>
<p>SW wall large burnt bricks mixed sizes, and of 039 also 036 x ? x 009 and 033 x 016 x 008 with a foundation course <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">and</span> all headers; ? x 013 x 007. This corner coincides with the wall further in the S corner but overlaps it towards the W corner bit the wall is destroyed <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">0.8</span> .9m away from the NW wall and the W corner no longer exists.</p>:
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<p>Sq Page 3 KP
</p><p>running well below the pavement. The SE wall
is actually 2 m thick, and outer face also shows
traces of [?two?] periods, 5 bottom courses bricks l 032-024
resting on a 6th foundation course of very large bricks
050-032 long. This wall period can be traced as far
as the jamb of the second blocked doorway on the passage
side of this SE room wall-qv 3 m before this wall [?line?]
reaches the heavy MB cross wall running NW by SE, the measurement
of the bricks is the standard Larsa measurement 023 x 018 x
008 qv. Above the 6 later coourses of the SE wall there is
a mud filling 050 high and above this again 3 courses
of burnt brick all headers, apparently <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> 0? x 013 x 007
this must be Kurigalzu. It is worth noting that the
5 bottom courses just mentioned on top of the sixth large
course <strike>correspond</strike> may correspond to the 5 courses of
burnt brick on top of the burnt brick projection forming
the S jamb of the passage stepped doorway. Measurement
of the bricks on either side of the doorway is similar
except that the bottom projecting course on the E side is
made up of much larger bricks than the bottom projecting
course on the S side of the doorway. <strike>[?the foundation?]</strike> The
wall on the S side has its foundations 040 higher <strike>[undecipherable]</strike>
than the wall on the E side. At first sight [therefore] the wall
on the S side of the doorway would seem to be
of a later period. But is the S [written above a crossed out word] side of the
</p>
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<p>Sq Q.56 (post here) CLW</p>
<p>A cut just beyond - wadi ? rampart top gave a width of about 1000, but - inland part, when - polid ?[?brickwale?] stopped & tr was a rubble filling, may h been due to a ? cut down into it, as a little further back ? mud brick was found. Frontage o rampart was cut into & ? real face was found, but - distinctive ? its solid [?brickwah?] & mixed rubbish piled apast it was clear. A rough line o burnt bricks set on end & running at a ? angle fm - rampart part cd not be explained but was certainly v. late.</p>
<p>Sq P. 53</p>
<p>- top o rampart was followed & dipped down w a rough but unmistakeable face apast wch was mixed rubbish pottery etc. w drift sand only at - top levels.</p>:
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<p>Sq R 25 N. harbor CLW</p>
<p>A cut into - wall [?sh..ed?] - mud brick ? - face was badly weathered & its [?slope?] gave only 150 rise in 400 horizontal : it was only at about 200 down & any rubbish layer apart its face , all-rest by clean drift sand.</p>
<p>Sq S 26, 27</p>
<p>A [?lay?] [?trench?] [?j...?], inland, [?mo..?] filling lying fairly horizontally W same [?dep..?] surface levels : [?Neo?] - ? o - mud brick wall 1920 wide, its [?port?] broken away but its [?limits?] quite [?recognizable?] W rubbish apart it.</p>:
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<p>Sq S. 58 CLW</p>
<p>- Rampart here took a sharp turn inland</p>
<p>- Front o it was much weathered but apast it has been built a [?levelment?] o mud bricks ? in ? & apparently at - same line - top o - ? dip had been paired w burnt bricks 032 sq, or also a burnt brick structure has been erected on it: only two or three bricks remained.</p>
<p>- Angle given by this short stretch of [?pontage?]Â ? w - existing contains o - wadi & suggests a canal running through - city.</p>
<p>A cut 2000 away in - wadi bed produced only sand to [?9?]00</p>
<p>Sq :</p>
<p>a cut halfway down -slope o - N side on ? shewed clean drift sand to 190 then light rubbish, ashes etc sloping sharply down & continuing to deeper than 350. No bottom found.</p>:
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<p>Sq S. Harbour CLW</p>
<p>- Wall face was found in an part well preserved w a batter ? 050 in 070 vertical: it was o solid mud brick & apast face o it was sand w a lot o mixed rubbish - It shewed a marked curve back to - NE, though most o - face was too damaged for accurate measurements.</p>
<p>On - top o -Â ? tr was a rough paving o burnt brick (mostly broken ps) across which a surface drain ran parallel to - [?wadi?] [?post?] &100 back fm it. A few v. [?l...?] pairs had been dug down into - wall top & seemed to be connected w scanty remains o a late building wch stood at NW end o wall</p>
<p>Fm here a trench ran ? - top o - brick[wah?] & then coincided w a good vertical wall face o mud bricks 035 sq. This was - part o a wall running along - quay or ? when tr was dry ground at - food o -latter : it was 900 thick - Back line o it was traced back to where it rested on brick[wash?] o - wall lining harbour</p>:
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<p>Sq T 21 CLW</p>
<p>a cut here gave - these bank face w - usual clinkers - then at - end o trench it seemed to come to an end & turn inwards. but - fact ? - high bank ran on made this evidently only an accident</p>
<p>Sq U 21</p>
<p>small cuts & trenches carved in - trench face without change, cuts ? it shewing - usual mass of broken building material etc.</p>
<p>Sq Y 22</p>
<p>A cut about 2500 back, at - back o - clinked ridge, shewed - hard surface sloping down inland v. [?gently?]. at 080 down, 200 from when - slope began, drift sand gave place to [?form?] horizontal strata o waterlaid mud. This is much too close to - modern surface to be due to - waters o - old harbour : it is relatively modern - but it does prove it - ground level here was lower & of - bank [?p...d?] an [?a...?] wch held up - water behind it</p>:
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<p>Sq U 27 CLW</p>
<p>At - top o - [?trench?], a buttress o a heavy mud brick wall, bricks 032x016x17 (Resc at angles) x 011 or 0115 = - top o it was [?h...?] & feet away sharply to rubbish filling giving width [?p..?] buttress face o 1650. - Wall was starting out most of comses (100) high & its founds ? on rubbish filling. - Buttress parted only in braced for a length o 310. In part. - wall extended had rubbish sloping v. [?p..?] down. it was apparently [?...laid?] w mud brick wch was following outwards for [?290?] & no farther.</p>
<p>Sq. V 27</p>
<p>A wall o mud brick (o32x012x or 011 ?) was found at - upper end o - [?trench?] at W. end only 1 comse survived & a drain carved w burnt brick ran out ? under it 040 below - modern surface. In this pt. - wall ? and to 2 & later t0 4 comses = A part was curved & then w a setback. 030 ? straight only to be lost after 600, when there was a second setback & - rebuilt wall ended in -  ? backing. a cut across -</p>:
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<p>Sq V 27 (21) CLW</p>
<p>top o - wall gave brickwork for 1900 : but on - top o this a transverse line o bricks possibly curved & running at a sharp angle to - wall face wd, if taken as - back, reduce - width to about 1650: but - meaning o this single course o brick is v. doubtful. Anyhow, beyond 1900 comes broken brick & pottery filling. In front o - wall was rubbish (as under its founds) W traces o a pavement or covering o mud brick.</p>
<p>Sq U 26</p>
<p>A small pit [?] produced at a depth bet. 050 & 180 frm - surface a tumbled mass o burnt brick 029x016x00775 & 032sq x 006 many showing traces o bitumen mortar : no explanation.</p>:
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<p>Sq. 12.13.14 Page 2
</p><p>SE wall size of bricks 031-035 x 008-009 is contemporary with the NW + SW walls
</p><p>The NE + SW walls are not parallel being approximately <strike>001</strike> 010 further apart at the NW end than all the SE. This is [3-4 words] that the 3 later walls were built at right angles to one another and not [?] the older NE wall. In consequence the paving stones are of uneven dimensions ranging from 031 x 031 to 035 x 035 and 035 x 037 with a break in the middle of the room- half bricks being used. <br />
The room as a whole shows traces of three distinct periods. [numeral 1 in circle] Period of the early NE 3rd dyn? wall which was made to serve as a room wall in period [numeral 2 in circle] when the 3 other room walls were built and the room was connected with the sanctuary at the NE and the grand court in the SW, + <strike>stone</strike>brick paving was laid down. Probably Kurigalzu period. [Numeral 3 in circle] When the doors connecting the room with the great courtyard on the SW side were blocked. Probably last Kurigalzu. <br />
As regards the break in the pavement it seems after all more reasonable to suppose that it is to be accounted for by the existence of a screen than by the uneven dimensions of the room. In the gap referred to 015 below the surface of the pavement traces of bitumen and white cement were to be seen, instead of the mud which was visible below the removed pavement in other parts of the room. 2 half bricks however were <strike>still visible</strike> in position against the NE wall.
</p>
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<p>Sq. CLW</p>
<p>On either site or [?wadi?] tr were remains o small houses built w burnt brick lower. Causes : in each case - [?p...p?] had gone. In - N house tr was 2 brick [?beds?] below floor level : - type was apparently Larsa. Floor levels relatively low.</p>:
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<p>Sq. K 31 CLW</p>
<p>cut a trench inland gave said mud brick & then faint traces o a burnt brick wall at a bout 1600 fm - edge o - slope (it might be 1500 judging fm traces on one side o - trench or 1700 judging fm - other)</p>
<p>Sq.</p>
<p>mud brick [?treed?] inland for 700Â : beyond this, traces o burnt brick construction.</p>
<p>Sq M 29</p>
<p>There seemed to be here a set-back on wall line, & ? trench curves in & then out this is probably accidental : at this pt a fairly deep ? bed onto across - wall line & has presumably deshaped - edge back to an earlier line</p>:
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<p>Sq. L-M 9-10 B 7 KP
</p><p>Bur Sin [= Amar-Sîn] Trilithon
</p><p>- 2 stones on the floor were plain below. Immediately
under them was softish earth containing a quantitiy
o animal bones broken up : also one lapis bead thus [drawing (artifact: lapis bead)] draw
- 2 round topped stones were found to bear
on - lower [?] - same inscr. o Bur Sin as on
- main upright : prob. - main limestone upright
had originally - rounded top.
</p>
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<p>Sq. L-M 9-10 1[encircled] B 7 KP
</p><p>Bur Sin [= Amar-Sîn] Trilithon
</p><p>- Walls o - rooms [?] all much destroyed, especially
- NW, wch is ruined down to floor level, [?] - SW [?]
stands only 5 courses high : o - NE wall 7 courses
stand : bricks<br />
- Floor is o bitumen laid over brick, making a
v. fine surface wch is carried up - wall face also.
- Floor sloped down slightly [?] - stones.
Tr were 3 large stones in - room (see plan, +
photos No. [blank space] + [blank space]). Tr was an upright
slab o white limestone 130 high x 090 x 022 : it
stood midway but - NE + SW walls, parallel w
[?] 090 from - NW wall : against its SW face tr
were 2 slabs o gypsum w oval tops lying at
foor level, tr str. bases against - limestone upright
+ [?] oval tops away from it, side by side. W bitumen
[?]: [?them?] + - bitumen floor brought right up
against them.<br />
On - face o - limestone upright tr was an
incised rectangle 021 long x 010 high w -
Bur Sin [= Amar-Sîn] inscription o Gig Par [?] wch is found
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Sq. LL 59 CLW</p>
<p>Burnt & mud brick walling v. fragmentary, carried on an approx. front line for a bit & then broke away.</p>
<p>In front o this, in Sq MM 59, a wall o mud bricks 034sq x 011 ran along - v. edge o - original canal wall, wch was found sloping down v. sharply (at a slope o 060 in 200) but w its face much damaged : it was dug to a depth o 270. Against - face o it had been built a kisu o mud bricks 037-034 (average 035) sq x 011 : - back o it was about 120 away frm - old wall & had square projections behind to key it in to â rubbish filling (- keep coming only at â top, see Photo ) : - kisu was about 440 wide. It set back irregularly (apparently in a curve) but by sq â line followed by our trenches gave us again â old wall, as was proved by digging into it & finding t- bricks measured 025x016 (or 017) In sq MM 60 â frontage was traced down tr 280 & then w shallower digging its top was followed continuously to sq JJ. 64</p>
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<p>Sq. MM. 37 o,p. CLW Tr is little doubt t â burnt brick wall here is a continuation o t farther to â SE, though â connection is gone: but here it was only 2 or 3 courses high & had mud brick above: behind it is â solid mud brick for wch it is a [?face?]. In part o â wall is a burnt brick pavement wch slopes in a remarkable way: at â SE end where tr seems to h been a projecting buttress o â wall, it uses (w mud brick below it) to modern ground level & slopes at an [angle symbol] o about 300 down to â NW until it reaches â level o â wall footing: then frm â wall footing it slopes more & more v nearly to â NE, breaking away at 250 frm â Wall. It is probable t- brick wall face ran on to â NW (where it has been destroyed by later brick-lined wall) & turned back to unite w â continuously set â back wall in sq LL36 (found in Sq[?3?]8-9): - [?] just [?wd?] thus tr in an angle â main wall 250 frm â wall face & 125 above â sloping pavement above â lowest courses o a Neo Babyl. mud brick wall 140 thick w wch tr ran parallel another wall o 550 distant &</p>:
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<p>Sq. OO.47 CLW Tr was here a definite saliant coming str out to - canal bank -Front o â rampart was dug out & gave muddy soil about 200 below â Larsa floors. -Blding was o burnt brick over mud brick founds wch on â NW side was 100 deep & ended at â back apart mixed rubbish w mud brick : at this pt apparently â flat top o â bank sloped up agn to â main frontage line -Walls were o burnt bricks 025x016 & rooms paved w burnt bricks 023x015. Behind - house tr was solid mud brick wch seemed to h been cut away for - brick walls to be built : this mud brick ran solid up to - highest point o - mound behind & even by â walls was 070 higher than - floor o- rooms inside & 110 above - wall foundations. Properly speaking this was not a house at all but a [?section?] o small rooms all opening onto - water front; - frontage seems to h been cut off fm â 2 sides by â continuation o â side walls right to - edge o - slope</p>:
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<p>Sq. Page 1 KP
</p><p>Rectangular room with 3 doorways abutting on SE wall
of Kurigalzu courtyard dimensions 4.6x3.3m in Kurigalzu period.
</p><p>SW wall <strike>probably Kurigalzu</strike> brick measurements 035-031
x025-019x0085-007. W corner not bonded in to NW
wall but built up against it. Wall founds. are of mud
brick, but the burnt brick goes down one course below the
upper burnt brick pavement. At S. end of wall is a
doorway 080 wide through which pavement runs on into
west room. The S. jamb of the doorway projects out 052
from the SE room wall and does not bond into it, but
runs on. Probably another skin <strike>has been</strike> <ins>was</ins> added at a later
period to the SE wall so that the SE & SW walls may
originally have bonded as the bottom layer of burnt brick in
SE and SW walls <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> is approximately level. Bricks in S
[?] of SW wall are 032x020x003
</p><p>SE wall Bricks 035-028-027x018-016-013
x008-007. Founds appear to be of mud brick. Face
may have been refitted. No bond in S corner. At E corner
the wall is not bonded with the NE wall which is apparently
built up against it. <strike>That the face of the SE wall on the chamber side has been [undecipherable] is evident from the [undecipherable]</strike> In the SE wall there are 2 blocked
doorways: the first which is 2.5 m away from the
</p>
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<p>Sq. Page 1. SW face of Ziggurat Room 3 [drawing(architectural sketch)]</p>
<p>Rectangular room walls of which run NE by SW and NW by SE. [?Mounting? Abutting?] on the SW wall is a [undecipherable] brick pottery kiln and on <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[undecipherable]</span> the NW wall a room of similar dimensions. The room has 2 doorways, [undecipherable] the NE wall giving access to the chambers [undecipherable] against the Ziggurat and out in the NW [undecipherable] access to a room of similar type. The [undecipherable] NW [undecipherable] inner temenos wall was built up against the SW wall of the room.</p>
<p>Room [undecipherable due to large blot on page] of 5 periods [?to wit?]</p>
<p>A Neo-Babylonian - Nebuchadnezzar. Temenos wall and [undecipherable] wall [at least one undecipherable word] Ziggurat running II [=parallel] to inner temenos wall [three undecipherable words] wall</p>
<p>B Assyrian - Sin-Balatsu-Ikbi pavement</p>:
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<p>Sq. Page 2 KP
</p><p>two main doorways of the central shrine of plan. E <br />
jamb of the doorway in question is lost as the doorway <br />
was narrowed soon in period B and there was a<br />
straight face instead of a revil. The steps in this doorway <br />
belong to period B q.v. <br />
SE. wall period A runs on underneath the B wall. The <br />
foundation course which projects 010: 006 beyond the wall <br />
proper is actually about 030 longer on the E side of the jamb <br />
than it is on the S. side but this is due to the <s>slope</s> <br />
<s> of the </s> ground slope which runs roughly NW by SE rising <br />
towards the S. This slope is further indicated by the <s>[?]</s> Post <br />
Larsa ramp running NW by SE in the SE side of the SE wall <br />
of the passage in question so that the difference in level of the <br />
foundations in this SE wall [?does not?] imply that part of the wall <br />
belongs to a different period. Mixed bricks 032 <s>[?]</s> 030 x 020 <br />
x 007, some 029 long + also 027 x 00 x 009 but mostly 027-028 x 019 x008. With big <br />
foundation bricks only a few of which are visible 050-048 <br />
x ? x 009 About 8m. away from the S corner of the SE wall <br />
is a doorway <s> with a [?vent?] [?]</s> 1 m. wide with a revil on <br />
either side. On its NW side however the wall <s>[?]</s> is badly <br />
ruined so that the doorway is only apparent on one face <br />
the <s>[?]</s> SE face. This doorway was blocked up in period B q.v. <br />
The SE wall runs on for another 4 meters and is then cut <br />
away by the heavy Neo Babylonian mud wall which runs <br />
roughly E by W. on the other side of the NE Bab. mud wall <br />
</p>
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<p>Sq. Page 2 KP.
</p><p><strike>[?]</strike> SE side of the passage consists of the steps already
referred to and of the returns of the SW and NE walls. The
return of the SW wall is apparently contemporary with the <strike>opposite door</strike>
6 upper courses of the opposite jamb as the foundations on
either side appear to be about 040 above the Larsa floor
level and on a level too with the bottom step of the entrance.
040 below the level of the foundation course on the E side
of the jamb <strike>[one or two words]</strike> is a line of burnt bricks probably Larsa 028 x 019 x 008.
</p><p>NE wall of the passage is in very poor condition, badly
ruined. In the E corner the bricks are not bonded whereas
on the other side of the wall in the S corner of the inside
room the walls <strike>are bonded</strike> [?runs?] on. Probably then the NE passage
wall is a later addition to the middle of the wall &
a doorway 060 wide connecting the passage with the rooms
on its E side.
</p><p>Small pavement bricks 025x018
</p><p>The passage seems to be a medley of 3 periods
[alpha in circle] N door jamb. Larsa [beta in circle] SW. wall 1st Bab dyn? [gamma in circle]
this brick on top of SW wall Period A, perhaps contemporary
with new face of NE wall.
</p>
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<p>Sq. Page 4 KP
</p><p>doorway the ground level rises. This is indicated
by the sloping Kurigalzu burnt brick ramp qv
The foundations on the E side of the doorway would
thus naturally be expected to be at a lower level
than those S of the doorway. In any case the
lower portion <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> [and] [?forlion?] the upper portion
of the wall on the E side of the doorway cannot
be of the Larsa period for 2 reasons. [Letter alpha, circled] Because
the wall does not go below the Larsa floor level
[Letter beta, circled] Because the lower projecting course is made of
bricks far too large to be anything but the
foundation of a wall. <strike>[?]</strike> The wall on the E side
of the doorway [therefore] cannot be Larsa, it also goes too
deep to be Kurigalzu. Hence it must be between the
two periods and in all probability contemporary
with the SW wall of the passage is probably 1st Babylonian dynasty.
</p><p>E corner of the wall badly ruined, apparently
not bonded in with the threshold of the doorway
trading with the next room but set up against a heavy
<strike>[undecipherable]</strike> brick set upright and supporting the threshold.
Probably however this <strike>entire</strike> side of the SE wall has
been refaced just as the SW wall was refaced most
probably in the Kurigalzu period.
</p>
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<p>Sq. Page 5. KP
</p><p>NE wall size of bricks 036x015x008 with some
of 031 undoubtedly a later addition as it is not bonded
in to the NW wall but built up against it. This is
probably contemporary with the refacing of the SE
wall. In the mud filling in the top of the burnt
brick is a fallen wooden window frame or shutter 055 x 075
with a cross piece 040 from the bottom of [?].
This probably belongs to the Kurigalzu period. Against
E corner of the wall is a doorway 1 m wide [numbers crossed out]
with hole for door socket against N jamb
and having a threshold one brick higher than the
floor level of the room in question. measurement of
threshold bricks 035 x 035 x 009.
</p><p>[in left margin] of notes on courtyard
</p><p>NW wall <strike>probably</strike> first Larsa bricks 032; and 028 x 018 x
008 forming SE wall of courtyard or NW side of the
passage. W corner not bonded with sw wall which is
apparently built up against it.
</p><p>Pavement in rotten condition with half bricks
023 x 028, but mostly 035 x 035.
</p>
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<p>Sq. Page 6 KP
</p><p>These apparently formed a corner at a [?point?]<br />
<strike>a</strike> 1.4 m away from NW Kurigalzu wall and 1.7 m away from<br />
NE Kurigalzu wall. On top of the mud wall running NW by<br />
SE were remains of bricks that must once have belonged<br />
to the house wall above it.<br />
</p>
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<p>Sq. U 61 CLW
</p><p>Here in part o temple - slope o - wall part was found, but it had been cut into by a [?senes?] o small kilns or furnaces o burnt brick (late date probably Persian) & - real line was :. obliterated. - Furnaces in ? had no features o interest by merely a row o stoke-holes o calcined brick w mud brick behind them burnt a deep dead
</p><p>Sq T-U, 60
</p><p>At this end o - temple part - wall was found but was badly cut about & - mud brick went down in a ? o non-original steps
</p><p>Sq T 59
</p><p>Fm corner o temple tr ran on [?p...?] o burnt brick (mixed, 026, 029, 033) resting on mud brick founds: wall only 125 thick : - lip o - rampart was found in 2 spots 600 in part on this wall line
</p>:
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<p>Sq.<br /> Room 1.<br /> SW face of Ziggurat</p>
<p>This room is a complex being a mixture of 4 parts</p>
<p>[drawing: architectural]</p>
<p>On the SW side it is bounded by the inner Temenos wall of Nebuchadnezzer, on the SE side by a heavy mud wall which has a big revil projecting from it and forming the S revil of a doorway 4 m wide. SE wall is 1.5 m wide and is built up against another <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">mud wall</span> burnt brick wall 1.8 wide which is the NW burnt brick room wall of room 2. Built over the NW burnt brick wall of room 2 was a second mud brick wall of the Nebuchadnezzar period at a higher level than the one in question which is built up on top of a burnt brick pavement. Size of mud brick of this SW wall 033 - 031 x ? x 013.</p>
<p>NE wall badly ruined bricks apparently of same size to those in the SE wall. 7.2 m away from the</p>:
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<p>Sq5 KP (b)</p>
<p>the doorsocket box [?however?] in line with later wall over burnt bricks which may possibly have formed the [undecipherable] of a doorway in an older wall running below SW wall. Built up against these are more burnt bricks which may have been the filling of this <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">later</span> earlier doorway corresponding to the filling of the later doorway above. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">and</span> In the excavation contigual & butting on this room there appears to be a corresponding revil [reveal] but this is not certain as the bricks of the earlier wall in the courtyard are broken. [a whole paragraph is crossed out, with many undecipherable words in it; I will make a note in the editing file and hope that someone with more expertise than I have will figure out what was written.]</p>
<p>Around the doorsocket box the pavement has been removed thus showing that a hole was dug from above to make way for it at the time that the SW wall was built. At the W end of the wall is a doorway corresponding to the later blocked doorway leading into the <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[undecipherable]</span> courtyard. The S joint of this doorway projects 013 from the earlier wall at the E end & 023 at the S end thus apparently differing from the time of the later wall in the same way that the earlier SE wall differed from the line of the <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[?outer?]</span> later SE wall. Size of bricks 030-029 x 020-019 x 018, mud mortar in between. This doorway is 1.2m wide and on the courtyard side has revils [reveals] 030</p>:
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<p>Sq: Page 1. KP.
</p><p>Long rectangular passage about 020m long x [numbers crossed out] 3 m
wide of the Larsa period occurring between the Nin Gal
temple proper and the buildings on its NW side. At a later
period probably Kurigalzu, cross walls were built cutting the
former passage into three rooms. At this time also the
Larsa doorway in the middle of the SE wall must have been
blocked up.
</p><p><u>Period A</u>
</p><p>SW wall Larsa bricks [numbers crossed out] 027 x 019 x 008.
At its highest only 5 courses of this badly ruined wall
are visible above pavement level. At its W corner is a revil
[crossed out numbers] standing out 050 from the wall to form one jamb of the
doorway of the passage running NW by SE and heading from
the smaller courtyard on the NW side of [?] to the shrine proper.
The S jamb of this doorway is actually wider on the courtyard
side than it is in the passage side. This may be due to
the ruined state of the wall but it more probably indicates
a refitting and [undecipherable] of the doorway at a later period
as on the passage side of the jamb there are some large
bricks 032 long. At the S corner is another revil [reveal] 018
wide forming a jamb in the doorway just over 1 m wide
at the S end of the SW wall. This exit is practically
in line with the doorway heading on to the <strike>[?bottom?]</strike> side of the
</p>
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<p>Sqaures F 12, 13, 14 1[encircled] A 5 KP
</p><p>Sanctuary
</p><p>Two periods very obvious. - Later probably Kurigalzu,
the earlier is probably Bur-Sin [= Amar-Sîn]. There may be a middle period.<br />
Walls. - SW wall, so far as - main block o it is concerned
is o thin bricks 028 x 014 x 0055 set in bitumen
to - middle o it - wall face has been cut back to
form a niche (- wall was previously in ruins + - middle
of it has been patched w odd bricks set in mud
mortar) wch was filled up w an altar or base
projecting 035 from - wall + standing 060 high : it
is panelled in front w bricks set on edge. - Bricks o -
altar are v. mixed, plano convex, 036 x 033, 030 x 018,
027 x 018, all set in mud mortar.
</p><p>SE wall is o bricks 032 x 016 + 034 x 0175 laid in
mud mortar : this wall forms - S jamb o - door
in - S corner + then runs str through to - courtyard
in square D-E, 12, 13, 14 : - NE wall o -
sanctuary was not bond in to it. But - peculiar pt
about - wall is - "false door" : here all - bonding is good
+ it is not a door wch has been blocked but a real
false door.<br />
NE wall: bricks v. mixed, 032 x 018, 025 x 015, 023, 020, etc. N o - doorway - character o - wall is - same
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Sqq AA26 - BB 25 CLW</p>
<p>Following surface indicates at - [?A..?] [?tip?] ? - wall [?mound?] ? ? - top ? a good clay bank facing SW = it ? ? to face NW & after a surface ? one to a second small water channel on the hill side was found [?ape?] at - end ? - next [?trench?] in sq BB 25 - next [?trench?] (in Sq BB , j&G 25) found it [?ape?], & [?have?] it made a ? L ? & [?can?] out an - inner line ? - [?bound?] ? ? ? ? ? extended to - outer bank ? darkened banks</p>
<p>Sq CC - DD 26</p>
<p>The upper [?trench?] for ? mud brick o - rampart ending in a broken face [?wch?] was not far [?p..?] - ? (- outer [?h..?] in Sq DD 25 gave only a silt level)</p>
<p>Sq EE 26</p>
<p>at - top o - [?trench?] -Â ? o - rampart was found in pretty good condition as a nearly vertical face - Below this was a silt & [?rubbish?] level</p>:
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<p>Sqq CLW</p>
<p>- Bank traced on its top by right at - modern surface</p>
<p>Sq. Y 20,21</p>
<p>A long trench was run out from where surface indicating gave - back o - ridge, inland. On - edge o - ridge a put was sunk 150 deep. It shewed only mud w no traces - consecutive deposits as in - ? dry (farther back pm - ridge) in Sq Y 22. This mud was uniform & pretty clean : it ? - sort o shift that might be dredged up & dumped to make a bank : but it was quite different from - mixed mud & rubble o - outer face o - bank - Rest o - trench's beneath gave a mud surface wch might be set running level under - drift sand</p>:
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<p>Sqq JJ.64 to II. 65 CLW
</p><p>Again - lip o - wall was followed up by a continuous trench wch gave its general line: a little cut just behind it, wch went down into - [?brickwah?] produced on - surface ? a number o clay [?balliston?] balls & sling bolts
From here an - line was followed by a [?senis?] o transverse cuts at intervals.
- pt o these (sq GG66) gave a good sloped face. In surface ? above, many ? clay ballista balls.
</p><p>Sq FF.66: - wall face quite good: behind it a shallow trench produced sand [?brickwash?] ? a thickeners o about 2900
</p><p>Sq DD 65: surface trench shewed said brick thickeners 2900; - wall face a good deal weathered but quite distinct, sloping down [picture; slope] thus
</p><p>Sq CC. 65-6: face good, almost vertical at bottom: thickeners traced back for 2000
</p>:
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<p>Sqq LL.38 CLW -Work here started by cutting into a wall o mud brick wch surface trenching proved to be continuous up to â burnt brick frontage to - NE in Sq NN38. -Mud bricks are reddish grey (almost sand colour) & measure 027x016-015x0075-008: i.e. they cd be 3rd Dynasty or <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">p[?]</span> Larsa. - Upper face o- wall had been weathered back to an irregular slope wch at first sight looked intentional, but it was too irregular, & tracing it out & down we found â original line, a battered wall front â faced w burnt bricks, 3 to 4 courses high, measuring 027-029x017-019x009.* This battered wall face was [?reduced?] by a buttress (projection 065) o wch â founds were stepped up 3 courses above â level o those in â main face & after 5 courses tr was a set-back o 020 & - burnt brick face was carried up for 4 courses more & then gave place to mud brick. Beyond (NW o) â buttress â wall changed: tr was â facing o burnt brick 2 bricks thick In colour & texture these bricks are o- Larsa type</p>:
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<p>Sqq LL38 (2) CLW & standing 4 courses high, but â bottom o this was level w â start o- mud brickwash o- buttress & below it came â reddish grey mud bricks Forming a weathered slope & ran out frm â foot o- burnt brick work & cd be traced down for a depth o 180Â : it was impossible to say whter this slope corresponded roughly to an originally buttressed face or whter it resulted simply frm â weathering o a vertical face: if â latter, - burnt brick wall was set back at least 140 frm â edge o- mud brick on wch it rested. By - 7th cent BC â edge o â wall was in much â condition in wch we see it today: & - whole was buried under sloping stretch o ashes, potsherds & broken brick: then frm â resultant mound a massive tower o mud brick (grey, 032x016x011) was built out towards â interior o- town. its founds coming about flush w â top o- burnt brickwork o- older wall (wch here had vanished altogether)</p>:
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<p>Sqq LL38-9 (3) CLW At â SE end this tower had â curious effect, - alignment o- wall having been [?wo?] changed in â course o construction: starting at [?] LS to â SW front, after 7 courses frm â projecting footing â face was set back 035 at â corner to run flush w â lower face at 640 back; & after 3 courses o this â face at - corner was again set back 035 frm â last [?] only to overhang it by 020 at 750 back. To â SE o- tower â old reddish - grey mud brick wall continued, through w its face hopelessly weathered away</p>:
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<p>Sqq O25 CLW</p>
<p>A deep [?wadi?] fm - [?Nausser?] Temple accounts for a gap here = - first part o our trench beyond - gap failed ? [?f...?]</p>
<p>Sq P 25</p>
<p>A deepert pit here found - [?real?] face going down to 160, much weathered & misshapen but quite certain ? W. bricks all to be distinguished against its face first a steep slope o mud brick debris & then ashes & ? rubbish running down steeply w sand only on - top 060.</p>
<p>Sq O25 to Q 25 (part here)</p>
<p>Top may h been a [s...?] here as an [?G?] ? to - post, but - weathering was bad. Beyond ? part - wall runs fairly straight & then slopes v. gently tr - corner.</p>:
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<p>Sqq V 26Â ? X 26 CLW</p>
<p>Here, following surface [?indicates?], we traced what was clearly a bank - slope ([?p..?] - modern surface) ? 10 vertical ? 20 horizontal = - bank itself is a hard one, [&] it is [?...thed?] as a mud plaster in wch small ps. of pottery & broken brick are mixed ?, while larger pieces both o pots & o bricks are apparently pushed separately [?into?] wet mud during - plastering process. This seems to be artificial, not - [?remet?] o - bank cutting adherent horizontal strata containing such pot & brick pavements, for if those showing an - surface are removed [?tr?] [?or?] not seem to be other pap. behind them. - Local arabs [?appeared?] to recognize this as a proper [?..ment?] for a canal bank</p>
<p>- Line given by our [?trench?] was four [?pm?] regular but was [?true?] to - facts. Apart - face o - bank tr was only clean drift sand (at least down to 100, which was - depth to which we [?w...ed?] & it was impossibly to [?make?]</p>:
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<p>Sqq X 18 to BB 19 CLW</p>
<p>-Evidence here was difficult to interpret.</p>
<p>- Surface is - mound lowered & a cut made just before - dip (in Sq W.19) showed - bank still recognizable = [?pen?] - clinked surface spread out NW are - descent & a [?trench?] [?rim?] alay NE face o this clinked buff [?j..?] a v. clear & good bank as clean sand apart its face running almost out of ? to - previous line = it was traced out beyond ? line for a distance o some 1500 & then was stopped, but - clinked surface continued for at least another 50.00. Moreover at a distance only some 1300 pm - edge o - bank as shown ? our trench tr was another belt of clinkers occupying a distinct ridge wch ran more less parallel w 1 - followed by us, tr by a steep but narrow dip between them. We followed - bank alway when it curved back to the original ridge line, (-slope here v. shows & clean cut) & a deeper ? shewed out 200 pm.</p>
<p>(cont. rim Sqq X18 to Z19)</p>:
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<p>Sqq X.18 to Z.19 CLW</p>
<p>lip o - bank - drift sand went down to 190Â : below this came narrow stretch o waterlaid mud wch stretched 300 pm - lip</p>
<p>[picture, stratigraphy; left side labeled clinker & mud bank, right side labeled sand, bottom right labeled waterlaid mud]</p>
<p>In Sq AA18</p>
<p>a cut was made across - highest pt o - outlying clinked [?...d?] : hard [?sand?] was found 030 below - surface wch at - SE ran steeply down in an [?arr...?] bank w clean sand apast it, slope 6 vertical ? 10 horizontal. on - top o - mound was traces of mud brick walling.</p>:
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<p>Sqr. [Page] 2 SW face of Ziggurat Room 3 (Cont.)</p>
<p>SE wall burnt brick 025x020?x007 & with [?some?] of 029 and 026 mixed bricks and [?mortar?] & a badly [?rotten?] wall built up on top of burnt brick pavement of the 3 other walls and built up against both NE and SW walls. The foundations of this wall rest on a Kurigalzu pavement.</p>
<p>SW wall size of bricks 030x[?013?] x [?008?] runs on NW by SE forming the boundary wall of the series of chambers with burnt brick walls [two undecipherable words] the in a line with the SW face of the ziggurat. Bounded at W [?corner?] and [?] contemporary with NW wall the main temenos wall of Nebuchadnezzar [?also?] built up against it in [?] that it [?] only the inner face of burnt brick . & skin 2 courses thick.</p>
<p>NW wall size of bricks 023 x ? x 009 also 033sq x 009, 030 x ? x [?005?] mixed bricks apparently of all sizes and all periods at N end a door 1-2m wide paved threshold 034sq x 007, bitumen coating. N door jamb 035 long bounded in the NE wall. NW wall [?below?] bounded at W corner.</p>:
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<p>sqs 12.13.14 Page 3 </p>
<p>Forming the base of a passage 080 in width probably then in the break between the pavement were the foundations of a screen which partitioned off the altar at the NW end of the room on exactly the same way as the 2 altars in E-nun-makh were partitioned from half of the room in which they stood, with a narrow side entrance for the priest </p>
<p>On the other hand <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> these </span> the parallel with E-nun-makh is not quite exact as in this case there is an entrance immediately opposite the altar though it is possible that this entrance was blocked up at the period at which the altar at the NW end of the room was in use. Further, the break does not continue right up to the SW wall but stops one brick short of it. But though the partition itself would naturally be expected to continue right up to the SW wall the foundations need not have been too long. </p>
<p>Against the NE wall in the middle portion of the room there are traces of a pavement at a lower level and of a bitumen lined burnt brick statue base. The pavement at the lower level is actually below the bottom course of the burnt brick of the NW, SW + SE walls and therefore earlier than they are so may belong to the period of the earlier NE wall</p>:
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<p>Square 08 Passage SW [?] KP
</p><p>High up in top filling
</p><p>[Drawing of dedicatory plaque, late ED]
</p>
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<p>Square 7.13 <ins>A5</ins> KP
</p><p>Behind - northernmost blocking o - long passage from
Ningal Street, against - blocking wall, a stand for
offerings, pottery, thus,
(top broken)
</p><p>[drawing (artifact)]
ht 0.40
width 0.60
</p><p><ins>draw</ins>
</p>
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<p>Square B 9 B 14 KP
</p><p>Grave 3<br />
- Tomb lay NW x SE, shaft at SE end
- Tomb is fitted into - mudbrick chamber - shaft
but through - filling is partly brick lined
O - truth only 3 courses o - NW wall remains
No contents
</p><p><br />
Square B 10 B 15
</p><p>Grave 4<br />
Square pit comprising - whole o - mudbrick chamber :
no proper entrance shaft . tomb apparently lay
NE x SW, but tr is left only in N angle w 100 o -
NW wall 3 courses high [?] - 3rd corbeled : a [?]
o paving along - wall - Bricks 031 x 0305 x 009
No contents
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square C 15 A 8 KP
</p><p>Brick box thus [drawing (plan)]
</p><p>Inside it, [?inverted?] on - floor, a clay pot
thus = U 6889 [drawing (artifact: pottery vessel) 304 a] = L 80 ht 028, mouth 030, base 015
below it, resting on - floor o - box, a bowl o greenish
stone (6887) : ht 010, mouth 022, base slightly flattened
in it, beads carnelian + lapis
</p><p>Over - mouth o - bowl was [?] a red clay
bowl [drawing (artifact: bowl) 277] diam 023 rim [drawing (artifact: rim section)]
ht 0065 = L 7 U. 6888
</p><p>Bricks stamped, Enanatum
</p><p>TYPES draw cf. CCLXXVII [?] RC 27
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square C 2-3 C 1 + C 2 KP
</p><p>- 2 side walls o - room are quite different. - NW
wall is v. regularly built w 032 x 007 or 0075 bricks, all
stretchers except for one 014 brick used to [?head?]
[?bond?] - SE wall is o bricks 026 x 019 x 008-009,
mostly strechters : it has obviously been [?]
+ patched: this is - facing o - outer wall.<br />
- Room has a pavement o mixed bricks some 015
higher than - neighboring floor: bricks 031 + 26
- SW wall is a bricks 026 with a few 032 : it too
shews signs o rebuilding<br />
Against - NW wall, where this was broken away at - N
end by - A period mud brick wall, tr was a hinge box
w socket o Bur Sin [= Amar-Sîn] in position : it lay against an
earlier underlying wall.<br />
- SW wall was also broken away b - mudbrick [?]
wall : at this [?] - burnt brick casing [?] round
+ran for 2.85 across - thickness o - enceinte
wall + there shewed a reveal : clearly this was a doorjamb o wch - face had been cut away: +
under - mudbrick wall was found - other jamb
(only 1 course high) + - hingebox w socket stone.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square C 2-3 C 1 + C 2 KP
</p><p>[drawing (plan of rooms)]<br />
</p><p>- NW wall is cut off slightly further back than - SE, but also
shews burnt brick going right across - wall (wch is
normally o 2 brick skins w mud filling) + so we can
argue here too to a doorjamb. - Paving to - SE
shews a long narrow room wch shd be - inner
room o an angle tower + - two doorways give
access to this.<br />
Doorsocket No. 1 is - usual Bur Sin [=Amar-Sîn] inscription<br />
Doorsocket No. 2 is - Ur Engur [Ur-Namma] Ningal text.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square C 27 KP
</p><p>The Sanctuary
</p><p>Plan + section 1/50
</p><p>[drawing]
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square C 9 B 10[struck through]12 KP
</p><p>Grave 2
</p><p>- Best preserved
- Tomb lay NW x SE w - entrance shaft at - SE end
- whole fitted [?along?] into - IIIrd dyn mud brick
chamber o upper part o shaft partly bricklined.
Tomb 140 x 250, floor about 200 below - Larsa
floor.
Walls o burnt bricks 029 x 0185-020 x 0075,
set in bitumen except for - upper part o - doorway
where tr is thick mud mortar : floor of bricks covered
w bitumen : corbelling starts w - 5th course above
floor level : walls preserved up to 11 courses : w
- 9th course - width is reduced to 095
In it were - faience mask U 6820 and -
faience bowl U 6829, broken.
</p>
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<p>Square C 9 B 12 KP
</p><p>Under - timber construction tr came to light a [?]
o sunken brick lined shafts. <br />
In this square [blank space] inside - mudbrick walls
(IIIrd dynasty) tr was a burnt brick lining : - top
had fallen in + tr was a mass o brick rubble
filling - space : below this came - top o - burnt
brick walls, - inner face o wch was heavily coated
w bitumen.<br />
In - filling was found a faience head, or
mask, 0085 high x 006, eyes + eyebrows orig.
inlaid (- latter w bitumen) + pierced ear-holes for ear-ring
Colour now virtually white. U. 6820
[drawing (artifact: faience mask]
</p>
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<p>Square C. 10 B 13 KP
Grave 5 C 10
</p><p>Square pit occupying - whole o - mudbrick chamber.
Tomb lies NE x SW, - entrance at - SW [?where?] - [?]
wall has been cut away [?] [?] narrow shaft
afterwards made good w mud brickwork, these mud bricks
[?] 031 long x 0085 high ([?]) mud bricks here seem to be
025 x 017)<br />
No floor to tomb : walls preserved up to 9 courses, -
corbels starting w- 4th course. Bricks 039 (-036) sq x 006
thick, + some 031 sq x 007 thick
No contents
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square C15 A8 KP
</p><p>Against - face o - IIIrd dyn. mud brick wall wch shd delimit -NW side o - outer court o - temple & in - angle made by - mud cross-wall tr was an inscribed door socket o Bur Sin [= Amar-Sîn] w - usual inscription.
</p>
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<p>Square C8 Gross Passage KP
</p><p>Below - timber construction was found a fine limestone plaque in the Ur-Nina style
</p>
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<p>Square C9 B12 KP
</p><p>In - same grave [parentheses above text contain the words (No 2)] as - faience mask was found a faience bowl, v. delicate ware U 6829: it lay at - very bottom of - plundered grave & tr can be no doubt t- it dates w - grave from - Larsa period.
</p>
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<p>Square D 11 A 13 KP
</p><p>- NE x SW burnt brick wall continued here beyond
(to - NE o) - sunken chamber. Part o - pavement o -
room NW o this wall, wch occupies most o - square,
had disappeared, part rested on an [?] wall o
mud brick. 035 below - pavement, + probably
connected w - mudbrick wall, was a small patch
o paving, 9 bricks, o BurSin [= Amar-Sîn]. Bet. these + a
mudbrick wall 100 away to - NW, and also against
- SW end o - paving, were quantities o clay
tablets o - date o BurSin, mostly in v. bad condition
+ full o salt.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square D 6 C 7 KP
</p><p>Small frs. o a finely engraved black stone stela
+ also o an alabaster stela<br />
Other small frs. o - same were found in D 5
and E 5
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square D 9 B 10 KP
</p><p>Grave 1<br />
- Axis o - grave lay NW x SW w - entrance shaft
at - NW end
O - grave v. little was left -, - SW + SE walls up to
5 or 6 courses, - NE wall up to 3 + o - NW 1 only
a little o - flooring left along - SW side, - rest [?]
up. Bricks o - walls 037 x 018 x 007, floor bricks
apparently 037 sq.
Tr was no burnt brick lining to - shaft
Tomb floor 180 below Larsa room floor
- Tomb walls [?fitted?] [?] against IIIrd dynasty
mud brick walls, - shaft partly lined w mud brick.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square E 11 B 8 KP
</p><p>Grave 6
</p><p>Presumably grave : Tr was left only a ong
narrow pit brick-lined w - long sides slightly
leaning inwards as if for a corbeled roof, but -
properly corbeled courses had gone.
It lay NW x SE : tr was no distinguishable entrance
shaft. - walls were thickly mud plastered
- bricks were remarkably roughly made : they measured
approximately 036 x 033 + [?] in thickness from
0085-014, - thicker being - most usual. - mud plaster
+ - mud mortar were alike very hard.
No contents
Floor level 160 below pavement
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square F 12-14 3[encircled] A 5 KP
</p><p>The Sanctuary
</p><p>As - NE wall rests on mud brick (IIIrd dyn) + as tr
are distinct traces o burnt brickwork underlying t- o - 1st Bab
wall, one must h been a Larsa wall also :
but - central doorway is not absolutely certain. On -
inside, N o - (later) doorway, - Larsa burnt brick
projects 015 inside - line o - 1st Bab. wall + its 3
courses [?] [?] definitely + [?there?] form a reveal
(see sketch plan above) : on - whole - evidence is in
favour o a central door rather wider than - later
door. But tr is no trace o a door farther to - S
corresponding to t- in - SW wall, + - sanctuary was
therefore[three dots] not symmetrical, - only [?] way through -
outer to - inner court lay by - doors further N.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square F 13 A 5 KP
</p><p>Against - SE jamb o - doorway a box w
hingestone inscribed by Bur Sin [= Amar-Sîn] giving the
dedication to Ningal
</p><p>Square F. 14 A 5
</p><p>Against - NW jamb o - NE door a box w
inscribed stone o Ur Engur [= Ur-Namma] giving the name
Nin-E-Gal.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square F, 12-14 1[in a circle] A5 KP
</p><p>The Sanctuary
</p><p>-Removal o - central part o - altar shewd that this was - work o Enanatuma : - bricks measured 0345-0335x 033 & 029-0315; x 017-018x008-0065, & a supporting proportion o them were stamped. To make - altar - IIIrd dyn. burnt brick wall had been cut back leaving only a [?shim?] 065 thick & - whole o- cut was filled in w solid & well laid brick work : no objects were found in an under this.
Tr was mud brick walling beneath - IIIrd dyn burnt brick In - NE wall. Though in its existing form this is late (see previous notes) yet beneath it remains a IIIrd dyn.
[drawing: plan of walls]
mud brick wall. Bet. - pts A & A tr are 3 courses o certain Larsa work below - 1st Bab, : there (at A line) it seems to head off : but on - inner face o - wall & Larsa built with brick runs to within 065 o - door corner & may there form a reveal & go on to within 025 o - late door : on - outer side tr an a few bricks wch might agree with either (see [?dotted?] lines) but they are too broken to be proof. On - SE side o - late doorway an (apparently) Larsa course comes to [?within?] 050 o - later door edge, an - outer face : an - inner face
</p>
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<p>Square G 8 Room M/25 [in circle 52] KP
</p><p>-NE wall o - (M(A) [inserted] chamber is remarkable in t- its founds go down 055 deeper on - NE than on - SW face. - Paving o this room is high & obviously to - next chamber to -NE was lower, - wall having been built against an existing face in - rubble filling.
In this next chamber (M/30) [inserted] (F 8) - 53 [written above] - same thing is true o - SE wall : on - NW face - proper brickwork goes 100 lower than - proper wall face on - SE side so t- - chamber lay lower than those walls to SW & to SE o it : this forms some idea o - [?tan aing?] o - MA[idented] building over - remains o - Larsa temple.
In Sq. G 9 (M/28) the pavement (wch seems to belong to - A period (bricks o 34 sq) or it h been re used there) is 120 below it in sq. G 8 + virtually takes up - general level o - courtyards & rooms to - NW.
</p>
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<p>Square G.15 A 3 KP
</p><p>Small room opening out of - remodelled shrine.
Below - doorway in - NE wall tr ran another
wall w a doorway quite well preserved : against
its N jamb was a box w doorsocket of Ur-
Engur, certainly belonging to - earlier door.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square G16 Long Passage NW [?] KP
</p><p>The long passage, v. well paved, runs bet. 2 wall o mud brick. In - SE o - 2 walls tr remains at a ht o 065 above - pavement a simple course o burnt bricks 028 long : - former is a Bur Sin [=Amar-Sîn] wall, - latter - Larsa : on it, set [?] 060, runs - Kurigalzu
</p><p>Above the pavement just by - entrance [?] "[?]" tr was a door socket o Gimil Sin [= Shu-Sîn] clearly in position : it was 100 from - wall face bearing[?] - [?] on - NE so cannot h belonged to this doorway; in fact it is hard to see to what door it can h belonged : - Kurigalzu walls run as below
</p><p>[drawing (plan with walls and door socket)]
</p>
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<p>Square H-K 2-3 C 26 KP
</p><p>Long chamber against - exterior wall o - temple complex
Larsa burnt brick walls resting on walls o mud brick
024 x 016-015, 3rd Dynasty. Door at NE end
At - NE end a niche in - mudbrick wall has been
filled up w burnt brick so as to level up for -
founds o - Larsa building
Larsa floor o mud partly overlaid w bitumen on -
level o - top o - 1st course o burnt brick
On - floor rested a large stone pot (see photo No [blank space])
diam 060, base sunk into - floor, painted inside w
bitumen + empty [drawing (artifact: pot)] CLAY TYPE not RC draw TYPE [last word struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square H. 2-3 C 26 KP
</p><p>In - hingebox o - small doorway was a marble
socket stone o Ur Engur (= Ur-Namma) w dedication o - E Gig Par
o Ningal. In - upper part o - hinge-box were
[?tablets?]. SW o - door a floor o bitumen laid
over mud + on - top o this a number o tablets
scattered. More tablets, similar, were found
on - other (NW) side o - Larsa wall o this
room, along - edge o square H 4.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square H. 3 C 25-6 KP
</p><p>Under - M/B) wall o - room (SW wall)
was - door socket o - door leading NW in - lower
building : - stone was against - NE jamb, let into
- face o - mudbrick wall wch underlies - burnt brick
wall. Inscr. Ur-Engur [= Ur-Namma], E-gig-par.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p><p>[drawing on back of page]
</p>
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<p>Square H. 6-7 2[encircled] KP
</p><p>Larsa room No [blank space] C 20
</p><p>Against - E end o - NE wall, about 030 above - pavement,
in - burnt debris + [?], was - complete diorite statue
o - goddess (Bau or Ningal ?) U. 6779 bis.
Other objects from - room were a gold bead U [blank space]
a few frs. o burnt alabaster
a quantity o narrow bronze binding 0.008
wide, + some bronze nails.
a large fr. of painted pottery [in red pencil:] U. no [?] draw + look up
[drawing (artifact: painted pottery sherd with indication of colors: red, black, buff)]
</p>
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<p>Square H. 6-7 KP
Larsa room No. [blank space] C 20
</p><p>Doorway recess: no SE wall.
</p><p>SW wall present to 150, 18 courses above pavement
075 from - edge, against - wall, tr is a brick bench
045 wide + 050 high, built w bitumen (- wall
has only mud mortar) wch runs up to within 025
o - doorway in - W. corner.
- West jamb o this door + - W. end o - NW
wall are altogether destroyed down to floor level : - rest
o - NW wall stands 085 (10 courses) high.<br />
NE wall present from 10 to 17 courses (150). From -
N corner for a length o 217 tr is a brick bench
035 wide + 020 high thickly coated w bitumen
+ w - front [?] rounded off shewing + this was [?]
full ht.<br />
- Floor is of 2 [?] o brick, 031 sq + 026 x 017 : it had
been coated w bitumen + on this was clearly visible
- impression o - reed mats wch had lain on it.
found a clay label o "- servant o Hammurabi".
On - floor were a number o clay tablets.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square H.4. C19 KP
</p><p>By - middle gateway in - SW recess were found
2 crescent moons in copper + a copper [?]
012 ong, + a copper object like a top hat
without a lid.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square J 4 C 25 KP
</p><p>In - long chamber, at ground level, tr were a
number o tablets o - Larsa period w dates
of Larsa kings, Abiesu + Samsu-iluna
+ with these a glazed pot
ht 007 full diam 0085 [drawing (artifact: pot)]
which must be contemporary :
glaze orig. blue-green, now
almost white<br />
Also w these at - same level - actually in -
middle o - stratum accompanied by - tablets, was a fr.
o an iron knife wch had been let into -
wooden handle up to line shewn present
length 007 [drawing (artifact: iron blade fragment)]
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square J 7-8 C 23 KP
</p><p>Small chamber opening out of sanctuary
[?] (where cigarette-box was found)
Against - doorjamb tr was a box w socket
stone (white) of Bur Sin [= Amar-Sîn]
In - floor, in position, was an inscribed brick of SillaAdad
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square J 8 C 23 KP
</p><p>Under - Kurigalzu level, just by - doorway in - W
corner o room [blank space] where - cigarbox was found
tr was a fragment o gypsum carving w a
moulding, broken [?above?], thus [drawing (artifact: gypsum object)] 1/1 U. 6765 [drawing struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square J. 7. C 22-23 KP
</p><p>A number of tablets, mostly accidentally burnt
came from the same room as the chair statue
base
All late Larsa period, Gungunum, Abiesu + Sumu-ilum
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square J. 7. C 23 KP
</p><p>Just in front o - Larsa door tr was found the
throne o - statuette . Nin-gal dedicated by Enanatum.
Close to this was - wooden pole w bronze binding
+ close to this a tablet in envelope referring to a
lawsuit about house property [?] 1st dynasty
of Babylon.
- Pole was 200 long, as preserved
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square J. 8 KP
</p><p>Below - Kurigalzu pavement there was a second pavement, v. rough, which ran up to - doorway in - NW (Larsa) wall where tr was a new [?] corresponding to it. Below this came another pavement o bricks 030 sq., well laid, (see Photo. No. )
Levels Kurigalzu floor 073 above 2nd pavement
Levels Kurigalzu floor 115 above 3rd pavement
- Lower pavement runs unbroken under -NW wall (Larsa) - founds o wch run 025 above - pavement level. - same wall has been rebuilt presumably b Kurigalzu at 135 (or, in - case o - buttress, 120 ) above the pavement : lower poorly mixed bricks 037, 031, 029, 027, 018 = upper part - same.
</p>
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<p>Square K 4-5 C28 KP
</p><p>Chamber SE of Sanctuary
</p><p>Walls preserved up to 180<br />
Bricks 027-025 x 0175-015 up to 080 or 090 tr is bitumen mortar [?sparingly?] used, above it only mud.
In - SE wall tr is a [?breach?]. In - E corner tr is a
block o brickwork 110 wide o wch - lower part up w
090 is [?] [?] - NE wall + - upper part is not bonded : at 110 from - corner tr is a break in - w [?wall?]
all - way down + from it - wall face is set back
005 : this wall length is bonded [?with?] - SW wall
In other courses [?] is complete
Brick floor, in - doorway thinly [?coated?] w bitumen,
in - room [?] : against - NW wall tr is a dais -
whole width o - room, 095 broad + 015 high.
Against it is a step formed o a simple brick near -
centre, + in - dais tr is a square hole 017 sq + 034 from -
edge almost facing this. - Dais top + front are
coated w bitumen.
Against - E jamb o - door a hingebox w stone inscr. w BurSin [= Amar-Sîn] inscription
In - chamber were found frs o 2 alabaster vases,
one w inscribed rim U 6365
one, incomplete, w inscription o Enanipadda U. 6361
</p>
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<p>Square K 5 C 28 KP
</p><p>The Sanctuary
</p><p>Almost - whole o - small chamber was occupied by -
High Altar.
- Door jambs are 220 deep : - chamber proper widens
[?] by only 017 on each side : - front o - altar comes
at 190 from - entrance jamb angle _ at 7 courses
(060) above floor level 2 top courses project 005.
- Altar is built with + [?] thickly covered w bitumen.
This part o it is 120 deep. Then tr is a rise o
unknown ht (- top is sloped away) going back to -
line o - back wall, a depth of 080 : - visible rise is 085.
On - SE side o - altar on - brick steps, projecting 080
outside its front line + cut back 027 into its edge :
- flight is 056 wide, 5 steps : at - top o - steps tr
is on - [?] . - altar a brick structure in 2 parts
one block 027 x 056 in - corner against - SE wall,
one 053 x 047 at a distance o 012 from - 1st, ht 020
both bedded in bitumen.
Altar bricks 024-023 x 0133-0165
Wall bricks 027-026 x 017-016
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square K 8 KP
</p><p>[?] Passage
</p><p>On - pavement o - Larsa room, in - layer o
shes, a terracotta o a seated female fig
thus U. 6664 [drawing (artifact: terracotta figurine]
</p>
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<p>Square K7 KP
</p><p>Room w fireplace
</p><p>In it was found a circular box o bronze w a
wooden lining, diam 028 ht 005 with this
was a ring o bronze w wood filling, probably -
lid o - box wch may h had a wooden circle bound w metal
By - Kitchen range was a large pot lying on its side on - mud floor (broken)
[Drawing (artifact: pot)] 659 draw cf RC55 C.33
</p><p>VII
</p>
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<p>Square L 15 1[encircled] A 29 KP
</p><p>Small room opening off - pronaos o - Larsa temple.
- SE wall : lower part o - S jamb + - S angle preserved :
E jamb 5 courses high :<br />
- NE wall : 5 courses preserved : bricks 028 x 019<br />
- NW wall : 4-5 courses : 2 bottom courses bricks 030 sq, upper course bricks 035 sq<br />
- SW wall: only - 2 angles left; centre gone<br />
No floor, probably only mud, or pulled up when -
1st Bab. wall was laid across it. v. plan - 1st Bab.
NW wall runs along - Larsa w a set back o 050<br />
In - filling were found stone vase frs. -
(1) black bowl w Ningal inscr. U [blank space]<br />
(2) black bowl, fragmentary, inscribed, U [blank space]<br />
(3) alabaster pot w traces o inscription U [blank space]<br />
(4) small chips o greenish diorite cup<br />
Below - walls o - Larsa blding were - mud brick walls o
Bur-Sin [=Amar-Sîn]. - Top o - mudbrick wall was cut back uniformly
to a depth o 040 leaving a ledge 055 broad : it was
on - top o - remaining part t- - Larsa wall was built
(see section)<br />
- Mud brick walls, 325 thick, went down to a depth
o 175 : then they rested on a hard + good floor
a beaten mud in - middle o wch was a rectangular
pit 100 x 075 x 050 deep : nothing found in
this. There were no doors in this room or in
- mudbrick room next to it on - SW. Clearly therefore [three dots] -
doors, + - floor, o - Bur Sin blding were at a higher level.
Bricks 024 x 016, 5 courses to 045
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square L 15 2[encircled] A 29 KP
</p><p>[drawing (section) 1/50] [struck through]
</p><p>This must explain - Ur Bau texts on temple bldng.
</p><p>draw
</p>
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<p>Square L. 12 (21) KP
</p><p>Under - S. corner o - Kuri-Galzu courtyard, dug
down through its wall at - pt o junction, was a
grave made out o 2 [?] [?] w [?] : -
cut down below floor level of court
Inside, body on rt side, head NW [?cramend?] up.
With it, a shell [?] amulet U 6759
</p><p>Neo-Bab
</p>
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<p>Square M 6-7 C 33-4 KP
</p><p>The Kitchen
</p><p>- S door in - SW wall led to a small annex
o which - whole of - W part was occupied by a brick
structure w one str. & one curved face : it seems
to h stood originally 065 high above pavement
level, filled in solid w earth & brick
paved above : - but - A wall running across - top
o it has rather compressed - evidence. No explanation.
In - S corner was a rectangular brick base 100x080. & one course high.
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square M, 13-14 (1) A 30 KP
</p><p>- Sanctuary o - Larsa temple o [?Nin?]-E-Gal
- Floor is paved w bricks 032-031 sq unstamped
- others 028 sq. w stamps o Enanatum : - two sorts
seem contemporary + tr is no evidence o patching : -
whole was covered w bitumen.<br />
- NE wall : most o - face is ruined away, only a
bit left at - E end, bricks 028 x 019 + 015 (rather mixed)<br />
- NW wall was almost entirely taken up by great
doorway : only - jambs were left tr [?] - wall.<br />
- SW wall was - most interesting. Bricks 030 x 019
+ 027 x 018, mixed.
(this in - lower part o - wall : above it ran a
Kurigalzu wall o mixed bricks). In - lower part
tr was a set back above - 4th course wch might be
a difference in date but tr were - same bricks above
it + below.<br />
Immediately in front o - doorway was a brick altar
o 5 steps, bottom step 025, others about 010,
total ht 070, bricks thickly covered w bitumen : it
seemed to end in a recess in - wall's thickness, but
this was too damaged for certainty
Bet. - altar + - jamb o - NW door tr wa a
recess w a bitumen-covered bottom raised 2 courses
above pavement level
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square M, 13-14 (2) A 30 KP
</p><p>- Sanctuary o - Larsa temple o Nin-E-Gal
On - SE side o - altar there was an addition consisting
o a single row o bricks, 3 courses high, w-- stamp o
Enanatum<br />
Beyond this tr were 3 pedestals set against - wall
each w a flat top + a step in front, built o
bricks thickly covered w bitumen, - steps [?] + -
pedestal proper 2 1/2 courses high, projection 075,
widths 095, 095, 050, w intervals o about 020
bet. them going back w - wall face.
AT - S. end o - wall was - doorway leading to <br />
- SE wall stood only 1 course high. In each corner was
a low pedestal 2 courses high built w bricks 024
x 016 (3rd Dynasty). In front o it tr was some
[?patching?] in - floor, bricks 029 x 0185 + a few
broken ones. Doorway in wall w bitumen covered
sill. IN front o - wall was a base in [?]
3 courses high, shaped thus [drawing (section of base)]
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square M-P 1-2 KP
</p><p>S. angle wall
</p><p>Tablet [?] [?], 1234 [?]
found in the filling o f the room : this dates
the mudbrick [?] of this S. of his S. corner o -
[?]
</p><p>- tablet was [?] lying w others in a [?]
o [?] like construction built up against - face o - [?]
wall o - Gig Par [?], Larsa period, almost 100
above - funds o - burnt brickwork o - latter.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Square P 3 C 43 KP
</p><p>Brick tomb
</p><p>See plan + sections separate
</p><p>- Brickwork o - shaft + o - vault end above in a
line 160 below - Kurigalzu I foundations. [?It?] [?really?] occuppies
one end o a long narrow chamber, + - Kurigalzu walls
o this, so far as they are preserved, shew breaks in -
founds at each 030 or 040, - [?] in - [?] walls
corresponding, + this is clearly to take - ends o [?]
wch strengthened - floor over a weak patch. - Tomb
was discovered owing to [?] [?] a soft plan in - floor.
Tr was rubble + dirt over it but in - shaft - soil
was clean. Tr must h been a wood roof to - shaft :
halfway up tr are 2 hoes in - side walls facing
each other, + containing wood ash : [?] - top on - NE
side tr are gaps in - brickwork wch also contained
wood ash, corresponding to - flat top o - SW wall, so
t- timbers must h been laid across.
In - filling, pottery : see separate page.
In - grave only a few small frs. o bone
Bitumen mortar used + - floor covered w bitumen :
in - W. corner o - floor o - shaft tr was a drain
opening wch when found was carefully covered up
w a brick set in mud. - Floor o - tomb sloped
sharply down tr [?] drain.
</p>
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<p>Square P3 KP
</p><p><ins>C43</ins>
</p><p>Grave.
</p><p>Low in - shaft, many bowls
Type [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled: 654]
17 complete or nearly
complete ths. of about 12mm
<ins>=L10b</ins>
<ins>P23a</ins>
</p><p>Type 55 [drawing (artifact: pot)] 6 complete or nearly
complete the of 3mm
<ins>L8c</ins>
</p><p>Frs. o a large spouted bow, rim thus
[drawing (artifact: pot)]
[?base?] doubtful [drawing (artifact: pot)]
diam C.030
dark clay
<ins>=L34</ins>
<ins>685</ins>
<ins>â</ins>
<ins>Draw</ins>
<ins>P151</ins>
</p><p>[?fr?] a grave a miniature pot of greenish clay, handmade
[drawing (artifact: pot)] ht 004 diam 003
<strikethrough><ins>?P.C 7</ins></strikethrough>
</p><p>[drawing (artifact: pot)]
<ins>4</ins>
<ins>12/3</ins>
<ins>=L8a</ins>
<ins>694</ins>
<ins>P86</ins>
</p><p><ins>VII</ins>
</p>
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<p>Square P7 Second Copper bowl KP
</p><p><ins>P2</ins>
</p><p>(7) a bowl (?) of wood rather like boxwood, with
a lid (?)
in very bad
condition
<b>U.6665</b>
</p><p><ins>draw</ins>
</p><p>[drawing (artifact) labeled: < 014 > ^ 011 Ë]
</p><p>(8) A bronze bangle around the right wrist
diam. 0075, flattened ends
</p><p>(9) by the basket (6) gold ear-rings thus
<b>U.6680-1</b>
</p><p>(10) by the wrists a collection of beads
<b>U. 6678</b>
</p><p>[?1?]
</p>
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<p>Square P7 Second Copper Coffin Grave P.2 KP
</p><p>Directly under Temenos Wall came - top o - [tombs?] rough brick corbelling 1.00 x 170
[Drawing Plan 1/25]
[Drawing Section A-A 1/25]
</p>
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<p>Square P7 Second Copper Grave P2 KP
</p><p>Woman's grave objects
1. bronze bowl elaborately godrooned, ht 0074 diam 015. U.6666
2. by the hands, mirror of specular bronze, flattened ovoid[?], diam 135x130 U.6668
3, 4. by mirror, 2 small pots, glazed originally dark blue, now yellowish white hrs 009 & 0085 [drawing of one of these pots on this page]
5. box
6. basket
[Drawing of grave with locations of objects] 054 046 1006 032 046
CCXXXVII =new type 126 p type of 3 &4 [drawing of pot] U.6667
</p>
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<p>Square: L 4-6 C 31 KP
</p><p>- floor was o mud : only in - W. corner is tr a small
patch o burnt brick work covered w bitumen, + this is well
below floor level
- NE wall, 23 courses high, runs along - IIIrd Dyn.
mud brick. It bonds into - NW wall<br />
- NW wall, 16-23 courses, rests on mud brick, [?but?]
- bricks are set on edge (see photo No [blank space]):
- mud bricks measure [blank space]<br />
- SW wall, up to 22 courses : it leans forward +
bulges badly. Half way along it tr is a break in
[?bond?] up tr. [?] ht : mud brick below<br />
- SE wall (mud brick [?]) was broken away almost to floor level
as was - SE wall o - small chamber [?] [?]
o - E and o - NE wall (in this small chamber were found frs. o an inscribed stone object, model bed?
U. [blank space])
Set into - floor at - NW end tr were 2 pots, [?inverted?]
one a big [?] bowl, one a taller [?] ([?][?])
both probably used as surface drains.
This long room was - only example noted in were - Larsa
plan did not follow - IIInd dyn. plan : across it ran
2 mudbrick walls (following on - lines on either side o
- room) wch had not been built over by - Larsa
people.
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares B 15 A 9 KP
</p><p>In - NW. recess o - outer doorway o - courtyard (IIIrd
Dynasty mudbrickwork only left) tr was a brick
drain pretty well [?] from - 3 walls, inner
measurements 050 x 030 : - brickwork was 130 high
+ below this tr were terracotta pipes
Bricks 027-025 x 018 x 0085 + 027 sq.<br />
In - brick shaft were found 2 (broken) small bottles
o blue glazed [?frit?] U. 6871
- Brickwork was preserved to - same ht as - ruined walls.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares C 11, D 11, E 11 3[encircled] KP
</p><p>A 12, 13, 14
</p><p>Rooms o - outer Court
</p><p>(5) O - small chamber in - E corner, against - SE wall,
only - IIIrd dyn. substructures survived.<br />
(6), (7) [?] [?] came 2 more small chambers : on - NW
side o these tr survived 2 courses o Larsa brick
resting on - IIIrd dyn. mud brick, + above these from 1 to
3 courses o - 1st Bab. blding : - class walls + -
SE wall were IIIrd dyn. mud, + - pavement, o
wch parts remained, was o IIIrd dyn. burnt bricks
wch in room 7[encircled] bore - stamps o BurSin : many
tablets were found here.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares D 15 2[encircled] A 7 KP
</p><p>- Rooms o - [?] [?]
</p><p>On solid tr - battered retaining wall : if tr was
a passage running along here, as is intrinsically
probable, it ran over - solid brickwork + was not
built in - substitution as was - similar passage
along - NW side : but this is natural as - loss
caused by using extra brickwork is more than
paid for by - extra strength, - outer wall here [?]
a [?] retaining wall + not merely a [?].
</p><p>(4) There is no doubt t- - main wall bet. - rooms + -
courtyard originally ran right through, though its
SW. face is much damaged (it seems to fall back in
a series o [?periods?] but these are quite likely - result
o accident) + at [?] [?] was breached right across.
Beyond - cross-wall - NE wall also was hard to
trace + gave - appearence o reveals running back
into its thickness : but this too seems to be rather
- result o its [?] cut away, for no true face to -
"reveals" cd be found, + - wall certainly ran on
further, for tr was solid mud brick beyond, + its
continuation apears w - general line o - wall [?]
- small chamber further SE. There was thus a
second narrow chamber lying against - E corner
o - courtyard : just below wht wd h been its floor
level tr were 2 boxes made o bricks set on edge,
empty.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares D 15, C 15, C 14 A 7-8 KP
</p><p>- Rooms o - outer court
</p><p>1) O - long SW chamber on - NW side o - outer court tr
remained only - IIIrd dyn. mud brick substructure<br />
(2) O - small chamber NE o this tr remained only -
IIIrd dyn mud brick substructures but t- - chamber was
built on - same lines in - Larsa period is shewn
by - fact + it is almost entirely occupied by a
burnt brick foundation deposit box o Enanatum
- Box was in 2 sections o wch - NW side was partly
destroyed + was empty : in - SE division were -
clay bowls, stone bowl + beads described in separate
note.<br />
- NE wall o this room was continued right across<br />
(3) - outer court. Against its outer (NE) face, partly
cut into - IIIrd dyn. mud brick, tr was found a
door socket o Bur Sin [= Amar-Sîn] in position, giving a gateway
exactly facing - NW door through - outer sanctuary.
Along - narrow passage wch [?] but this wall +
rest tr was a much broken up drain made o Larsa
bricks wch may h communicated w a [?] drain
w brickwork top in - NW end o - passage (but -
communication was not found) : in this drain top tr
was found a small glaze pot, one part [?] [?]
+ - rest bleached, wch must be o Larsa date.
- Passage or room was blocked by a heavy cross
wall at - SE.
- NE side o - passage was a mud brick wch ran
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares D-G 5-6 1[encircled] C 7 KP
</p><p>- Pavement fairly well preserved, is for most part o
bricks 030 sq but bet. - 2 bases tr is step o 4
courses o bricks 026 x 018 w a few 030 x 020 + 036 x 026
+ along - NW wall tr is a good deal o patching w
small bricks 026 x 018<br />
NE wall Bricks 030 x 020, mixed in - courses. - part
o - wall E o - gateway is much ruined by - later walls
+ sometimes only 1 course left : [?] on - gateway it stands up to 100, 11 courses<br />
- NW wall - Bricks 031-030, no smaller sizes, all
strechters: 12 1/2 brichs to 100 ht Wall preserved up to
145 ht. Against - wall face a mud plaster 035 thick
probably Kudur-Mabug's work
At - W end o - wall tr was originally a small
door leading NW : at a later period this had been
blocked by - mass o masonry set up against - SW wall,
+ - reveal o - jamb had been filled in w a [?] o single
bricks 027 x 027 x 0085. [?] side this blocking + -
further jamb + - whole angle o - court had been cut through
+ completely destroyed.<br />
- SW wall . Bricks 0375/035 x 022 x 009 on - W side o -
gateway + 027 x 015 on - S side.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares D-G 5-6 3[encircled] C 7 KP
</p><p>The Great Courtyard
</p><p>In front o - NE gate was a rectangular base o solid brick
(- bricks 027 x 0135 x 0085, with some 030 x 030 in -
inside) set in bitumen : it was 220 sq. Its present ht o
090 may well be - original, as tr is a particularly thick
coat o bitumen over - top w no trace on it o brick impressions
+ tr seems to h been in - top a socket about 100 x 090
+ 3 courses deep (though this may be due to destruction)
+ in - hollow tr were found several small [?] o -
inscribed black diorite stela, wch may well h stood here.
Against - NW face o this tr was a low addition also
built o burnt bricks (032 sq + 032 x 016) set in
bitumen : it stood 31/2 courses above pavement level
+ [?took?] - form o 2 boxes 052 sq. put side by side : - boxes
were not bitumen lined + therefore [three dots] were not water tanks.
</p><p>In front o - SW gate + almost blocking it tr was
another rectangular brickwork base, bricks 030 x 020, set
in bitumen : it measured 157 x 093, stood 10 courses
high + over - top was a coat o bitumen more than 003 -
thick rounded off at - edges + corners, thus shewing
+ - present ht o 105 was original.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares D-G 5-6 4[encircled] C 7 KP
</p><p>The Great Courtyard
</p><p>Bet. - 2 bases - character o - paving changes as mentioned
above. At 340 from - SW base this strip o paving
is interrupted by a row o bricks rising above pavement
level - seeming to form - border o an enclosure o wch
- other borders are missing. Against - NW side o this
raised brick line, at its centre, tr was a rough circular
hole sunk in - pavement + paved below + lined w
bitumen, diam 045 depth c. 25. To - SW o -
[?named?] line - pavement was missing but below it
tr shewed 2 lower courses o brickwork stepped [?]
thus. [drawing (section)] Against these [?] tr was apot (broken) [?] in - floor
packing. - Pavement was found again at 190 from - vase
</p><p>Against - SW wall, on - W o - doorway, tr was a mass o brickwork [?plastered?]
against - wall face. this was composed o 3 separate
elements. - First started at 030 from - corner o - door jamb
+ went to 105 : it was 115 wide + originally 060
high : - second went from 105 to 200, was 125 [?]
+ 060 high : - Third went from 200 right through -
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares D-G 5-6 5[encircled] C 7 KP
</p><p>The Great Courtyard
</p><p>Small door in - NW wall + ended up flush w. - outer
face o - wall : it was 145 wide + apparently 060
high along - side o - court though it must h gone up
higher to block - NW door. Later in a layer o bricks
was laid across - 1st + 2nd blocks, raising tr level.
All - blocks had bitumen mortar, at least on - face,
+ had been covered in [?above?] w bitumen (before - new
brickwork was laid on top). - Founds o - middle block
went deeper than those o - other 2.<br />
- 1st block was o bricks 030 x 020<br />
- 2nd block was o bricks 039 x 039, 034 x 020, 032 sq<br />
- 3rd block was o bricks 031 sq<br />
At a later period (?) tr was built on to - SE side o - 1st block
a little hollow rectangle [?097?] long o brickwork (bricks 031 sq + 031 x
0135, internal measurements 090 x 065 with small
opening 032 wide on - SE (this was subsequently blocked
up) : it stands at present 050 high, orig ht not
known. One o - bricks in this had the double crescent
stamps o Sin Idiniam. In - A period, w later,
a drain had been sunk here + its bottom came in -
middle o this small rectangle, o [?] - drain makers
had hacked away part o - narrower sides.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares D-G 5-6 6[encircled] C 7 KP
</p><p>The great courtyard
</p><p>SW wall On - S side o - gateway tr were blocks o
brickwork similar but not - same as on - W side.
- 1st block projected 030 inside - door jamb was 150
deep + 130 wide, built o bricks 032 sq + 032 x 017
set in bitumen, present ht 070
- 2nd block was 105 wide + perhaps 130 deep (-
front broken away) o bricks 022 x 015 set in bitumen,
present ht 050<br />
Beyond this tr was no further solid brickwork but
a "bench" a bricks 1 course high above pavement level
+ 095 wide wch ran right up to 2/3rd o - [?] across
- opening on SE gate in - corner, - S jamb o [?]
seemed to h been laid on - top o this bench : - bench
bricks are 032 sq. on it, against - wall, [?047?]
from - 2nd block + [?] from - S corner o - court
was a low base made o 21/2 bricks one course
high set against - wall + covered w bitumen (as had
also been - bench)<br />
In front o - 2nd o these blocks S o - [?] tr were on
- paving o - court 4 bricks set in line ([?askew?] w [?more?]
on top + a step-up o bricks w earth [?] over -
front o - other block
</p>
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<p>Squares F 12, 13, 14 2[encircled] A 5 KP
</p><p>[?+?] - quality o - blding again is bad: also - founds are
nearly so low as in - case o - SE wall.<br />
- NW wall is o - same [?] + does not bond in to -
SW. wall.
Tr are 2 floor level. - Upper floor, mixed bricks,
0385 x 036, 032 sq (one w stamps o [blank space])
+ 038 sq + 0285 sq lies about 020 above
another pavement w bricks 026 sq.<br />
- Altar is built on - upper pavement. - Upper
pavement is flush w - top o - 1st proper course o
brickwork in - NE wall, [?whereas?] - level o - lower
pavement is [?] [?anything?] [?below?] t- o - founds o t- wall.<br />
NE door. Against - E jamb was a box w hingestone o
Bur Sin [= Amar-Sîn] (U. [blank space]) : against - N jamb a box
w hingestone uninscribed. - Former may well h been
re-used . - Latter was old because it was - second found in - hole, tr being on - top o it a second
uninscribed socket.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares F, 12, 13, 14 A 5 KP
</p><p>(North Sanctuary o Late temple)
</p><p>025 below - floor o - late sanctuary was a second
brick pavement, bricks 029 x 018. This was well
present at - SE end o - room + at 220 from - SE
wall ran up against [?] [?] wall o burnt
bricks 028 x 017<br />
In - NW half o - room - lower floor was less well preserved :
under - NW wall tr was an older wall (3 courses
left, bricks 027 x 018 + some broken) wch projects 015
inside - face o - later wall : - late NW wall disappeares
+ - old NE wall runs str on, w a door through
it, tr - NW wall o - small late chamber beyond,
wch is - wall o - warly courtyard.<br />
Thus in - early building we h in - IIIrd dynasty wall
2 doors, (as in - late bldg) + in - Larsa wall to - NE
o it 2 doors o wch one is central + two correspond
to - 2 to - SW.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares F, 12-14 C[encircled] A 5 KP
</p><p>The Sanctuary
</p><p>- Cross wall [?bricks?] everything.<br />
In front o - doorway a patch o burnt brick paving
(bricks 030 sq) lies just in front o - late doorway,
060 below - late pavement + 020 below - [?standing?]
to o - IIIrd dyn. mud brick wall. As - paving shd be
3rd dyn, judging both by its level below - wall top +
by - size o its bricks, it seems to shew t- tr was
no doorway here in - 3rd dyn. [?beding?]. This wd
be a distinct argument against - existence here o a
Larsa door, + tr is certainly nothing w
proves such : - fact o - Larsa wall [?being?] so
irregularly broken at this pt might serve as an
argument t- - late doorway was made by breaching
a continuous wall.<br />
Tr is definite proof o a doorway through - wall, 170
wide, below - late NW door.<br />
No trace of any door to - SE.<br />
Inside - [?] o - pavement seems - same as in -
room [?behind?] : at - SE end, sunken pavement sloped to
- centre where tr is a drain opening : [?] step or
devision apparently 130 wide covered w bitumen
+ then again a paved floor at a fairly high level.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares F, 15, 16 A 2 KP
</p><p>The Entrance court
</p><p>O - walls tr remain only <br />
- E corner, w short section o - 2 walls up to 4
courses above pavement<br />
- SW wall, 4 courses altogether including stepped [?]
footings, one course above floor level for much o
its length, w at its NW end, where it forms - jamb
o - passage wall, 7 courses in all : on - NW side o
- same doorway - wall is certainly destroyed + - width
o - doorway is only known by - edge o - (IIIrd dyn)
pavement.<br />
- SE wall, part o - core only, no face except at E angle.<br />
- Plan is clear : a doorway from - [?] led
into - chamber, almost certainly through a second
gateway in - thickness o - passage wall (though o this
all traces h disappeared) + we h nothing more than -
IIIrd dyn. mud brick wall wch runs continuously [?] [?]
- entrance, + - presence o - A doorway here, wch was
probably on - [?] lines though - whole o its structure is
late) [?] [?] it [?] on - mud brick)<br />
[struck through until here]<br />
In - chamber (paved w bricks 035 x 033 [blank space])
tr were 2 drains in - floor. A [?] on either side led to
- passage : a door in - SW wall gave access to - temple.
Tr was no other doorway either in front or on - left (NE) side : - chamber then just h communicated
w - courtyard only.
</p>
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<p>Squares FG, 16, 17 4[encircled] A 1+2 KP
</p><p>- NW Entrance
</p><p>We therefore [three dots] take - simple entrance.
Inside it tr is a SW wall wch at least gives -
line o - orig. [?] wall, w its door to - SW passage.
On - NE, - wall has vanished [?into?] its [?] [?] [?]
by - passage threshold.<br />
We eliminate all cross walls. Each side wall has a second doorway to - small flanking rooms
(on - SW - original is preserved)
</p><p>In - back part o this larger entrance hall tr were 2 drains below - pavement.
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares J 5 1[encircled] C 21 KP
</p><p>Forecourt to Sanctuary
</p><p>This might be called a double gate - recess [?on?] [?a?]
lateral chamber divided into 2 parts by -
gate passage [?of?] - sanctuary.<br />
- SE section - walls preserved up to 180 on
SW side + 140 on NE walls bonded at [?right angles?] : bricks 024-023 x 017 x -[?035?]
Brick floor [?] is bitumen
Against SW wall a base o bricks set in bitumen + [?covered?]
over w bitumen, l. 110, width 055 ht 025 : on it were
4 bricks set thus [drawing (plan of top of platform 1/25)]
making a sort of support
This lay 030 from - jamb o - main sanctuary door<br />
Against - SE wall, 035 from - S. corner, was a brick base 060 x 055 + 015 high, covered w bitumen.
Against - NE wall 075 from - E corner, was a base 270 x 075 x 015, bricks laid in bitumen, bricks 024 x 015
its E end damaged<br />
Against - same wall, 025 from - last base + 030 from -
corner o - passage jamb, was a brick base 085 x 060 x 060
high, built with + covered w bitumen, bricks 025 x 016
</p>
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<p>Squares J 6-7 C 22 KP
</p><p>Forecourt to sanctuary
</p><p>NW section<br />
- SW wall. At 115 from - jamb angle o - sanctuary door tr is in - wall a [?break/breach?] + beyond this
- section o - wall projects 002 beyond + by - jamb :
- bricks [?] [?] [?] [?] - same 025 x 017, but
- jamb has bitumen mortar + - rest mud. - Middle
o - wall has been [?breached?] to floor level in recent
times, perhaps by a [?] dig of Taylor's, + - breach is
full o rubble below + clean sand above.<br />
- NW wall : same bricks W corner bonded : doorway to
wall preserved to 090. Mud mortar with some bitumen<br />
- NE wall : preserved up to 140 - NW wall does not
bond into this but abuts on it : - mortar here is o
better quality so far as can be seen. In - doorway
to - outer recess - NW side just inside - jamb
had been ruined down to floor level but - SE side is well preserved.<br />
Against - SW wall, 030 from - jamb o - sanctuary door,
tr is a brick + bitumen base 055 wide + 030 high
+ 165 long. Immediately in front o - door jamb +
[?carrying?] on - line sits first [?reveal?] tr are 3 bricks
set in a row, rising above - pavement + fixed
down + [?covered?] w bitumen : projection 075
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares J. 6-7 C 22 KP
</p><p>Forecourt to Sanctuary
</p><p>- Floor is o bricks covered w bitumen : it is very
patchy. At - SE end - bricks are 035 sq: just beyond
- brick base this changes + - bricks are 035 x 017
</p><p>Here was found - base o - statue o Ningal dedicated by Enanatum, near - [?] to - outer
gate recess.
</p><p>Ur : R. I. No 103
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares K 12 1[encircled] A 16 KP
</p><p>The Larsa Court
</p><p>- Pavement nearly all gone
- NW wall, 6 courses high : steps (4) lead up to
chamber beyond doorway<br />
- SW Wall : 5 courses high. - Whole front had been
mud plastered + over this tr was a bitumen plaster
as much as 001 thick : this must h formed a
dado up to certain ht. Against - jamb in - S
corner (see arrow) tr were on -
bitumen splashes o red colour
(- same as is found on Sinidinnam
bricks) wch seems to imply - use o
paint at a higher part o - wall's surface [drawing (plan)]
In front o - central pier was an altar o bricks
set in bitumen (much ruined) 3 courses high<br />
- SE wall : only 025 high : it had been destroyed
by - 1st Bab. wall above. In - S. angle (x on
sketch above) tr was a patch o brickwork inside
a [?] wall (4 courses standing) wch was later
than - main wall : in this patch were 2 vases
let into - floor : round these were found a
number o tablets o - Larsa period. Beyond this
were - remains o another brick structure later
</p><p>[struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares K 6-7 C 32 KP
</p><p>In front o - water tank tr was a well. - Hole in
- paving was [?] in w a single brick 050 sq
- well was circular, brick-lined, 080 diam. reduced
by - corbelling o - upper rings to 040 _ by it tr
was in - pavement a brick o Sili-adad but this
was probably re-used.
240 from - tank, beyond - well + in - middle o -
room, tr was let into - floor a "land anchor".
bronze thus [no drawing]
it was sunk in - floor + - ring
alone projected above - floor : it
must h been for - rope o - well
bucket.
</p><p>Near - middle o - NW wall tr was also a hole in
- pavement wch was - top o a drain.
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>Squares K 6-7 C 32 KP
</p><p>Larsa period
</p><p>Service chamber unusually well preserved. Walls standing
from 050 (at N corner) to 140 (at S. corner)
Rough pavement of mixed + broken bricks.
Against - NE wall a brick tank bitumen lined, 100 x 50 (inside)
+ standing 070 high.
Against - SE wall was a brick + mud fireplace thus [drawing (isometric drawing of fireplace)]
(see photo [blank space])<br />
[encircled numbers refer to numbers in the drawing]
w 1[encircled], deep trough for burning wood under a cauldron<br />
2[encircled] small cup stove for keeping a pot warm, +<br />
3[encircled] larger furnace for a [?copper?]<br />
Just beyond - furnace tr was on - floor a large pot
[?wch?] got broken before - photo was taken.
Against - NW wall lay a large saddle [?] + oval [?rubber?] : these were moved into - middle o - room for
- photograph. Against - W. corner tr stood against - wall
a [?] pot [drawing (artifact: pot)] 040 high, top gone
perhaps 586 (= IL 51a)
</p><p>[writing and drawing struck through with red and blue pen]
</p>
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<p>Squares L, M, 3. C 29 KP
</p><p>Room Larsa
</p><p>- SE wall (main outer wall of [?]) - burnt brick [?] broken
away just inside doorjamb for nearly 300, then runs [?]
up tr 9 courses high bricks 027 x 017 to - S corner where it
ends in a [?] line having abutted on - SW wall<br />
- SW wall nearly all gone, only almost 13 [?] left at - W
corner. Tr seems to h been here a change o plan from -
IIIrd dyn. building: - NE face o - wall runs just along - SW
edge o a mudbrick wall, - core o - wall seems to correspond to
a narrow passage in - N [?], + - other (SW) brick [?] rests
on - NE edge o mud brick wch is - first step up o - [?]
wall terrace.
thus [drawing (plan of wall)] 1/100<br />
- NW wall [?darts?] W 7 courses, then breaks away to [?],
rising to 4 at - W jamb o - doorway : beyond - door
only 1 course.<br />
</p><p>[page struck through until here]
</p><p>- NE wall : 7 courses high. Against it in a row - lower part o 4 big storegjars (Photo [blank space]) standing on - floor +
supported by bricks.
Mudfloor
</p>
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<p>Squares N-O, 3-4 C40-41 KP
</p><p>The South Corner [?]
</p><p>One thing is quite certain, namely t tr was a considerable
rise in level in - Larsa period in this corner, a[?]
wch affected also - A period & accounts for - destruction o -
Larsa walls by - A period. <br />
A second point is t here, & here alone in - whole KP
complex, we find IIIrd dyn. walls apparently not followed
by - Larsa builders: or else we must suppose t - Larsa
walls did follow those lines but h been entirely razed
actually we do find A walls built directly on - top
o - mud brick, & this may simply a similar Larsa plan. <br />
- Rise in floor level seems to correspond w - change
in - outer face o - encircle wall & to suggest a high
corner tower o were - ground floor was solid. Such wd
require a stepped entrance & - doorjamb w paved threshold in front o it may be part o this.
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>SS 1[encircled] TTB [area immediately SE of Enunmah with cross walls abutting the outer SE facade of Enunmah]
</p><p>A rather simple flag paving ran over the
whole of this (except in R 2 NW; see plan)
It corresponds to a rebuilding of the cross
walls, in which, after the 3rd or 4th course from
the bottom, there is a very marked change. A
brick found low down against the W wall of
R 2 is of Kurigalzu, + the upper part of
the walling, built of rather small greenish
bricks, may well be his work. This rebuilding
was visible in all the crosswalls. Also, the
NE wall originally had no buttresses: the
buttresses come in only with the 2nd period,
+ actually start one course above the level
of the flagged pavement. The blocking of the
doors is later still.
The plan of the place is clear : a long [?court?]
between the two temples, forming an approach,
+ at two points cut off by double cross walls
with gateways through them, the narrow
space between the crosswalls being possibly
guardrooms, the [?] intervals open courts.
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>SS 3[encircled] TTB
</p><p>This drain seemed to be coming straight for
the old drain. Here there was found the ruined
drainpipe-drain of late date (Photo [blank space]) +
the drain in the Kudurmabug flag paving
(same photo) : below this pavement (060
down) were remains of a second, also
with a covered surface drain + this seems
always therefore to have been a drainage
centre, probably [?owing?] to the [?] of
a drain down what was always an open
space surrounded by buildings at a higher
level.
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>SS 4 TTB
</p><p>side of the recess, which is an [?]-buttress
space of the ENUNMAH wall, then has been built-
up against this a sort of platform of burnt
brick resting on mud brick (as is the cross walls)
it stands 2 courses high with traces of a 3rd
course : of the recess against the SW wall of
ENUNMAH (27) : this part of the [?gateway?], N
of the passage between the 2 crosswall gates, is
not paved: there is pavement in the west half of the [last four words added later] S. half
In the S. corner between the cross walls are remains of a second flagged pavement 050
above the main one : this should be of the
period of the surface drain running through the
gateway?
2nd main court paved throughout : the [?]
pisée structure ran right through it to the
[?late?] retaining wall. This rested on compressed
earth : its foundations 060 [?above?] the [?]
pavement corresponding to a surface of
beaten mud [?] right across the [?]
on which was [?water?] laid [?] with rubbish
above. This ran right over the ruins of the
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>SS TTB
</p><p>In the 1st recess from the E, with the long
bronze drain, was found a second shorter one
similar in section 038 long, also frs of
a larger unbaked tablet.
Beyond the recess, W of the 2nd projecting wall,
against the corner of the buttress of the wall
proper, was found a fr of a stone relief
of a man milking a cow : limestone in
very bad condition : length of remaining relief
040, ht 025 [U 304 = fragment of Ur-Namma stela]. It lay just on the level of the
founds of the topmost wall where this projects
beyond the wall face below : there is no visible
paving at this level at this point
</p><p>Photo 9,
</p><p>U. [304] Photo
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>SS TTB
</p><p>In the first big recess of the wall there
was found lying face down on a mud level,
certainly an original surface, a bronze [?runnel?]
rectangular in section [drawing (artifact: section of bronze object)] + [?] long
embedded in wood : it was entirely covered with
heavy wood ash. It lay almost at [?] [?] with
the main wall face
thus [drawing (plan of find spot)]
The layer of burnt wood
beams + plants,
ran right across the [?] space x-y [see drawing],
003-015 above the floor level of beaten mud
earth. This floor is on the level of the second
[?] of the wall, corresponding to the projection
in the face of the latter : it is of course also
[?] [?] with the walls x & y
The bronze was absolutely rotten.
A second smaller example was found near it
in good condition (U )
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>SW NNCF
</p><p>Grave SW 5
</p><p>Two bowls mouth to mouth, - larger
w diam 070 ht 050, - second ht 050
diam 050
</p><p>180 below the surface, 120 below [?found?] o - walls
o - highest level. Bones, but nothing else
</p><p>[drawing (artifact) labeled: ^ 017 Ë < 012 >]
</p><p>In the room NE o t w
grave SW 5 was found
w - surface a [?brick?]
fragment carved thus
</p>
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<p>SW face of Ziggurat</p>
<p>clay lamp L015 [?and?] 005 [drawing (artifact:pot)] Found in mud filling below upper pavement and between lower pavement 1st room Same place fragment - [undecipherable ?in?] Larsa From surface soil Bronze arrow head [drawing (artifact:weapon)] 1m. below frag. Sin Balatsu Ikbi pavement room 3 in middle of burnt brick cross wall NE by SW a bronze adze head [drawing (artifact:tool)] Room 2 standing in top [?side?] level grave upwards and in soil against it a clay vase common type [drawing (artifact:pot)] and 013 and a Kurigalzu small type [drawing (artifact)] In Room 2 against the NE wall a bronze implement [drawing (artifact)] with wood in between Room 3 adjoining underneath 2 [?] courses of Sin-Bal-ikbi pavement 030 below it a ring drain of baked clay. 3 rings [?length? or ?high?] [drawing (sketch)] [?] of top ring 030 and 036 m width slight [?] 00 [?] and [?] From room 3 abutting on Persian kilms several painted shards. Black on [?red?] [?] thin ware [?] From [?9? ?] in NE wall [? f? and of ? below? N ?] of Nebuchadnezzar gate [drawing (artifact:pot)] [?] Kurigalzu</p>:
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<p>T.W. 4.3
</p><p>Large inverted bowl
diam 080 â [drawing (artifact: pot)] <ins>?L 8b (b)</ins>
<ins>b</ins>
Inside a clay pot
ht. 024
Type RC 73 [drawing (artifact: pot)]
= L. 69.a
</p>
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<p>The <b>Great Gate</b>. Neobab Temenos Wall
</p><p>Unusually large double gateway facing on -
entrance w - great Court.
</p><p>It was much ruined, [?above?] more than 3 courses
o mud brick high & in places [?around?] away altogether
especially at - SE part
</p><p>- ground lay high & below - courtyard & - walls
a heavy packing o mud brick clay, reddish in colour : -
entry itself lay high & both gate recesses had a paving
o bud brick 3 courses thick at least & probably a
good deal more (if we allow a reasonable depth for
- hinge boxes) : - 4 gate sockets were found, w square
impost holes : one had an effaced inscr. o Bur Sin
(Gig Par Ku), a second an illegible inscr. through
wch - new impost hole was cut : 2 were plain.
</p><p>- Bricks (burnt) o - gate boxes were
</p><p>- gate recess had orig[?inally?] been paved w burnt brick
at - NE end, frm - side wall, tr was a line
o bricks set on edge just about at pavement level
w earth packing behind, prob. - edge o a slightly
raised part. Bricks 033 sq.
</p>:
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<p>THE KHAN A.H. J.C.R.</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: building, partial) labeled with grave numbers and positions]</p>
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<p>The Kitchen C33 KP
</p><p>Against - SW wall, bet. - 2 doors, in was a brick
table 220 x 080 x 090 high
- W. doorway in this wall led into a small room
almost wholly occupied by an elaborate cooking range :
it was made o burnt brick (a [?]) & mud.
- Range was 070 high : - fireplace brick paved [?] - floor,
- upper part [?] mud fired a deep red : - [?flues?] went round a mud pillar : above there - mud root was thin (about 005) & pierced w round holes to bring - heat to - pots. In - E corner a flight o brick steps led on to - top o - range so t a man cd get up to shift - cooking pots.
</p><p>(photo no
</p><p>[Drawing (plan)]
</p><p>[drawing and writing struck through with red and blue pen respectively]
</p>
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<p>The NE building
O this tr was v little left, [?mainly?] a long wall, the wall o the NE face o the blding, w chambers behind it; but tr cd be no doubt t this once joined up w the mudbrick & burnt brick walls found along the NE line o KPS, t cd h been the remains o a large rectangular blding complex o which the whole o the interior has disappeared.
The NE wall is o burnt bricks 027x018x009 resting on a foundation o mud bricks 026x016x017: tr were 6 courses o these & then a projecting plinth. The buttresses in the wall were queer. The inner face o the wall had suffered v much & cd not always be found, but some o the chambers along it were fairly well preserved: in one tr was a higher-level brick pavement, rough, in the others no floor.
No objects were found in the rooms.
The SE end o the range seems to h been built separately but was joined up later by a poor brick wall w no mud brick founds: This end contained only 1 room (w 2 drains in it) & the ruins o a second in wch were the remains o a brick tomb: here tr were found masses o tablets o all dates(?) & lumps of clay, (all in bad condition) probably a dump when the old tablets were being kneaded up for
re-use: these were collected but made a v[ery] poor show.
Against the outside o SW wall tr were 2 drains, tr tops flush w the existing brickwork, w pottery packing o IIIrd Dynasty type.
</p>
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<p>The S harbour</p>
<p>Sq (2)</p>
<p>a mixture o pottery in - deeper levels: this might well be waterlaid stuff. Same at least o - bricks lying in part o wall had come fm its face, & it looks as if the wall had had a facing o burnt bricks here probably for a considerably ht.</p>:
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<p>The S-E Building
</p><p>Very little of it left. What there was was clearly o Larsa type, burnt brick, set on foundation o mud brick either Larsa (or IIIrd Dynasty) (bricks 035x016) all o poor quality.
The SE wall was preserved for some distance outside it, close to the face, we found large numbers o tablets, mostly v small business
documents churned out.
The rooms were paved w bricks 027 sq., walls never more than 1 course above floor level. A brick drain (no bitumen) ran across the blding. The SW room seems to be an addition. Along the NW part the top o the mud brick was carried up so as to make a small
runnel at the foot o the burnt brick. Thus in section
</p><p>[drawing (section: wall) labeled: burnt brick; mud brick]
</p><p>but this might be accidental, the rain from the walls eating a trough into the mud bricks.
</p>
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<p>The S. harbour CLW</p>
<p>Sq</p>
<p>at surface was found sloping face o harbour wall, built o good brick[wale?] w clean shift sand apast its face: it was followed down for about 200: it ? at a slope of 110 in 100, but how far this was due to weathering canot be said</p>
<p>In Sq. - same face shewed - only difference lay ? here tr was more rubbish mixed w - covering sand.</p>
<p>In Sq</p>
<p>A sloping line o ? & rubbish ran up apast back o wall. total width o wch was only about 500 at top only just over 200 was left & then - slope beyond. On line o wal part - mud brick[wale?] was ? down to - 370 : then came 3 foundation comses o burnt bric. Here tr was drift sand to - 300,then a belt o [?town?] rubbish, bricks etc starting at - wall face & running out: at - 410 clean sand began again & went down to - 600 (much harder sand than above) brick</p>:
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<p>The SW wall was at a late period built over at its SE end with burnt brick belonging to the adjoining room. The SE <strike>face</strike> wall of the room is destroyed but there are traces of its thickness <strike>and</strike> as [?rotten?] mud brick and packing joins up with the S<strike>W</strike>E corner of the room. The NE wall consists at its SE end of burnt brick <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> of different sizes, only 2 courses of which are showing. In the middle of the wall is a doorway with the hinge stone in position on its outer face. The doorway is built on top of the burnt brick foundation of this mud brick wall and is <strike>[undecipherable]</strike> 1.1m in width. In the doorway are the only traces of the floor of the room, with the exception of 1 stone in the middle of the SE end of it. These paving stones measure 036 x 036 x 008 and extend both inside and outside the room. ([superscript inserted:]<ins>In the middle of the doorway a drain 050 in d</ins>) On the NE end [superscript inserted:]<ins>of burnt brick at top</ins>) of the NE wall only 1 course of the burnt brick foundation is visible. About this are 5 courses of <strike>br</strike> mud brick identical in size with those in the other walls and above them again projecting 008 further in than the mud brick are 4 courses of rotten burnt brick evidently not a true face. Standing 070 away from the NE wall ([arrow to text in margin:]<ins>close to the entrance. SE of it.</ins>) is a burnt brick circular [?erection?], possibly a brazier. This actually only stands 1 course of bricks higher than the floor level. Another urn of a similar kind but 2 courses higher stands in the middle of the SE end of the wall and between the 2 is a still larger burnt brick erection standing 060 from the ground with rubble packing, but in to floor & condition to show what it was.
</p>:
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<p>The walls (170 high) o - tomb had been and placed on - inside, this being inscribed near - floor, was walls of mud. - walls were straight & - step suggests in a previous note as due to collapsing of the arch in - SW side did not exist, - projecting part of - base being also fallen & both o - NW & SE sides virtually all wall face had disappeared & this may well have been due to a corbelling o - roof out from these walls.
</p><p>- NE wall was unmistakingly mud -2.90- & in the heart of it were beneath 3 beam holes in - SE side in which the remains of wood were found & there was 1 beam hole in - SE side but also in - the heart o - wall. - Beams were unhinged logs with diam. 014-018 & much could not support the weight o - stone roof over any wide span but in any case there is no evidence that they can [?] over the tomb at all!. They are 090 above the floor level & thus about 080 below - roof surface.
</p>:
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<p>To A 346[degrees]
C 96[degrees]
to N 313[degrees]
PG 608
</p><p>On a level with the middle of the H.T Kisu wall 2 inhumation graves, remains of 2 skulls-decayed bones in rotten condition, decayed reed matting with the body.
</p><p>(1) a vase of light drab baked clay same as PG 602 (8) Ht 033.
</p><p>(2) Vase of greenish drab baked clay with [?combed?] undulating decoration around shoulder HT 042 Rim 015 [drawing (artifact:pot)] CCCCLXXXVII
</p>
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<p>Top level BC
In the filling above were found two
frs. of Libit Ishtar cone Ur Inscr. 106 (U.16012) (U.16018) <br />
also 2 cones of <strike>[?Samsu?]</strike> Sumu - ilu
(16017) (16007)<br />
cone of Urgigur (U.16003)<br />
ditto of Gudea (U.16014)<br />
" " Warad Sin (U.16015)<br />
</p><p>? House 30/B
</p>:
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<p>Top level Jan 26th KP
</p><p>Neo Bab.
</p>:
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<p>Town Wall</p>
<p>&</p>
<p>Temenos Wall</p>:
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<p>TRIAL PIT A</p>
<p>At 12 m A few T.O. painted sherds â black on buff</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] coarse linear design</p>
<p>12.5 m Frags. of painted platters sickles & a [?few?] handles but painted wares [?not?] yet thick</p>:
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<p>TRIAL PIT F </p>
13-14 m level.
<p>At 14m. <br /> 1. Portion of ruin of a wide unearthed pot with decoration of incised triangles + wide tugs. <br /> 2. An owl(?) L 003 unbaked clay <br /> [Profile drawing of figurine] 1/1 <br /> 3. A piece of reserved slip ware reddish green on buff </p>:
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<p>TRIAL PIT F </p>
<p>At 12.6 m fragment of a baked clay Larnax with rope moulding in relief and some streaks of dark buff paint <br /> W 016 L 020 <br /> [Drawing of fragment with rope molding]</p>:
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<p>Trial Pit F <br /> Â Â Â At 16 m in black mud striation with considerable remains of decayed burnt brick + vase of light drab baked clay. Ht 0055. Rim 004 <br /> TYPE CCCXXVIII [Sketch of vase] </p>:
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<p>TRIAL PIT F <br /> Stratification <br /> Â Â Â From grave with the plain pottery and the stone vase fairly clean clay with painted T.O sherds usually all coarse wares</p>
<p>M 15.8m a layer of decayed burnt brick <br /> Â Â Â 020 in thickness <br /> 16 m dark grayish mud T.O. painted sherds <br /> in great numbers - 030 thick - <br /> T.O painted pot gravel <br /> 16.3 m a line of black sooty soil<br /> Â Â Â 001 thick <br /> 16.4 m Five strata consists of dark <br /> gray clay soil with the thin bands of soot above - 020 in all </p>:
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<p>Trial Pit F <br /> type. The gravel was laid on a bed of pot sherds less than 1 m below the surface of that period. of [?wtrs?] on PGX.</p>:
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<p>TRIAL PIT F [over G] 11.7 m three strata below black in reddish ash stratum [drawing (artifact: figurine)] 1 /1 clay sheep? a double carved [?loshad?] clay ring bead d 003 d of hole 001 thickness 0015 greenish drab clay pot frags about a dozen reddish green Frags of L drab clay beakers bases 005 [drawing (artifact: pot)] calcined bones of animals? [four undecipherable words] clay pellet d 003</p>:
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<p>TRIAL PIT F [over G]</p>
<p>At 11.7 m in reddish ash stratum 3 below the black [numeral 1 circled] A stone pestle ht 0095 top 0025 base 0015 circular in section [drawing (artifact: tool)] [numeral 2 circled] two clay frags of a clay chariot (?) [drawing (artifact: pot) 1:1]</p>:
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<p>Trial Pit F.</p>
<p>18 m. Greatest depth to which excavations were carried in the shaft.</p>
<p>17.55 Virgin soil. Alluvial greenish sand, not salt, stratified with fine layers of dry sand at irregular intervals.</p>
<p>17.55â17.4 Yellowish clay; clean, cohesive and plastic. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">Faint</span> Traces of vegetable matter reduced to a <span style="text-decoration:underline;">FAINT</span> brownish film. Very thin layer of sand above it.</p>
<p>17.4â17.15 Bluish clay, less cohesive and plastic, crumbling and containing dark greenish matterâreeds? and the trunk of a willow (?) tree.</p>:
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<p>Trial Pit F</p>
<p>12.6 - 13.5 m splayed beakers with thick bases no longer appeared These did not appear lower than 12.35 at which level there was a fairly distinct line of them. Piece of [?larnax?] <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">rope</span> with rope [?] decoration and rims of [?larnax?] were the only distinctive features at this level also a miniature vase of reddish drab clay [drawing (artifact: pot)] Ht 0065 Rim 003 Base 0025</p>:
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<p>TRIAL PIT F</p>
<p>16 m [drawing (plan)] (bones and numbered pot sherds)</p>
<p>At 16 m, an inhumation grave and around the head end ? a number of painted pots. Head was not found but there were traces of arm bones and <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">of</span> the upper leg bones were found stretched side by side. Beneath the bones were clay sherds apparently as a foundation for the body â probably found [???] the matting in this damp soil.</p>:
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<p>Trial Pit F</p>
<p>17.15 - 17 m Same as the stratum below it but separated from it by a very fine brownish band.</p>
<p>17m. Sea level</p>
<p>17-16.45 m. Alternate bands of clean bluish clay and fine black carbonised mud resembling deposit in the surface of a river bed. These strata alternated very closely at least 31 could be distinguished and there were probably more. The strata were fairly evenly laid but at irregular intervals the 2 lowest were 005 and 007 thick</p>:
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<p>Trial Pit F</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:line-through;">17.95 -</span> 17.55m. Virgin soil. Alluvial greenish sand not salt, - stratified - fine</p>:
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<p>TRIAL PIT F</p>
<p>Ab 16.7 m a clay sickle and a baked clay disc shaped bead with incised markings round disc [drawing (artifact: bead])</p>:
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<p>TRIAL PIT F</p>
<p>At 12 m reddish stratum, fifth below the black - Canis(?) teeth Large numbers of the tall slender beaker type. A piece of incised ware - yellowish baked clay vase coarse incisions round shoulder [drawing (artifact: pot])</p>:
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<p>Trial Pit F</p>
<p>Higher up they were often separated by less than 1 cm. Painted potsherds of T.O. Type black bands on buff coarse ware - but very scarce - these had probably worked their way down. Numbers of fresh water(?) shells and selenite(?) crystals. At 16.75 traces of decayed burnt brick, clay sickles, and a baked clay spindle whorl top</p>
<p>16.45 - 16 m. A layer of decayed burnt brick and above it bluish clay mixed with sherds of painted T.O. pottery black bands on buff - in <strong>large</strong> [word written over original word] numbers.</p>
<p>16 m. - Some decayed burnt brick - one intact dimensions At this level an inhumation grave PG X containing painted pottery of T.O.</p>:
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<p>TRIAL PIT F</p>
<p>the dark grey thickness at the bottom showing a decrease in the <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">nos</span> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">of the</span> proportional [?nos?] of water levels as the strata accumulated 16.6 m a perfectly clean band of clay 010 thick. 16. 7 [over crossed out number] â 16.75 soot line & clean clay 3 of them covering about</p>:
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<p>TTB
</p><p>At the NW corner, TTB <strike>Aa</strike> Z
was a small hoard of unburnt tablets
These lay in fairly clean brick earth almost
060 below present surface with a little
broken brick [?etc?] between the clean earth +
the wind borne dust of the top layer.
With them was a pot-base of fairly fine
red clay thus. [drawing (artifact: pot)]
With the tablets was a fr. of an inscribed cone
also a bowl rim thus 1/1 [drawing (artifact: pot sherd profile]
</p>
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<p>TTB
</p><p>In the E corner of the buttressed wall
tablets (a) 3rd dynasty date gone (b) ditto,
(c) of the 1st year of Gimil Sin [= Shu-Sîn] (2212 BC)
were found in the mud brickwork at a
depth of 1.00 below burnt brick founds
A mud brick with a stamp of BURSIN [= Amar-Sîn]
was found near the top of the mud
brick.<br />
One tablet was found at the very bottom
of the mud brick (1.10 below burnt brick)
Below this came green brick.
The mud bricks were not in courses but all
broken + mixed up : apparently someone had
dug down here before. Perhaps when the burnt
brick was put up : bits of burnt brick were
found high up in the mud brick part
Much of the filling of the burnt brick wall
was also in disaster, but this only just
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>TTB
</p><p>The original building was of mud brick throughout
+ its authorship is unknown. The finding of UrEngur [= Ur-Namma]
bricks looks as if he had something to do w it, + the
fact is [?known?] that the place was at least restored
by Sin [?].
This original building was on a raised platform.
The first really big change was when Kurigalzu
rebuilt the shrine proper + probably part of the
surrounding buildings : he built over the old walls
which he tore down to the level of this new
higher platform : over them he laid baked brick
as a foundation but above this footing he built
partly at any rate in mud brick certainly the
NE outer wall was so built.
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>TTB
</p><p>The wall by Z runs E in mud brick :
just E of the tablet cache there was a
lot of burnt wood close to the wall face
including big lumps of beams : thus was
not palm wood
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>TTB W
</p><p>At 2.00 down in the hard packing
which goes whole length [?with?] shrine wall +
mud brick wall, close to drain but at this
pt 140 below its founds, a carnelian
cylinder seal, archer shooting at charioteer.
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>TTB W
</p><p>In the deep hole, a cut 1.00 [?] was made
through the jûs [= lime plaster?] floorlevel. It [?produced?] 104
fragments of pottery as follows <br />
A. Wheelmade 48<br />
B. doubtful 18<br />
C. handmade 30<br />
D painted ware 7<br />
E. 1 fr. of [?] ware with heavy black slip + waving sufaces, peculiar.<br />
Of the painted ware 2 examples were
wheelmade, the rest apparently handmade.
of the handmade ware (c) several examples
were very well handturned + might almost
pass as wheelmade.
The proportion of painted ware is high for the
site; so is that of handmade.
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>TTB W
</p><p>Opposite the W. corner of ENUNMAH a pit
was sunk against the S side of the big drain
(here no longer Nebuchadnezzar) to a total depth of [blank space].<br />
The drain founds were at -050
Below these was hard close packed brick
earth, reddish grey, containing but little pottery
at -150 the soil was more reddish clay
certainly rammed down artificially, containing
frs. of mud brick + some pottery, nothing
[?] : it was in this stratum that
a carnelian cylinder seal was found.
At circa -2.20 was grey sand containing
many small shells, this was tightly packed
but crumbled when disturbed. In its lower levels came a little plain pottery, some
ashes + broken mud brick.
At -320 was a thin layer of
</p><p>[entire page struck through]
</p>
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<p>TTB W
</p><p>White plaster, apparently jûs, as if laid
for a floor. It rested on dark grey rather
friable clayey soil
In about 050 below this plaster, pottery
frs. came out [?] : an sq. metre
produced [blank space] frs. as follows
</p><p>[larger blank space]
</p><p>At about -380 pottery stopped + there
was only clean sandy clay, dark grey,
down to -530 when digging stopped.
</p><p>[both paragraphs struck through]
</p>
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<p>TW TTD</p>
<p>- Trench was cut fm - E corner o - Neb. Temenos to TTA.</p>
<p>In - corner intramural chamber at a depth o 190 tr was a brick pavement bounded by 2 walls o wch - SE wall was parallel w - SE temenos wall, - other not quite parallel w - NE temenos wall : - latter was continued by a wall (broken through by - inner Tem Wall) in wch tr was a doorway : & after - doorway it broke away again.</p>
<p>This wall was o mixed bricks, 026 x 017 x ? & was poorly built : its thickness was <strong>apparently</strong> 070 but as - outer face had been destroyed by - trench dug to lay - founds o - Tem. Wall (wch lay low here & had cut through both wall & pavement) - measurement was not certain: this was - case w - SE wall : - wall running N had, at - doorway a thickness o 065. At first sight it looked as if we had got - older Temenos Wall, but - masonry is against this & it is prob. only a house.</p>
<p>Beyond this, for about 36.00 - trench exposed at a depth o c. 140 below - surface (a little higher than - door threshold) a floor o beaten mud, extremely hard, sloping slightly down to - SW. Below this was fairly clean soil & some ashes. It seemed to be pretty early & corresponded well w - level o -</p>:
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<p>TW TTD</p>
<p>top o - Dungi drain in TTAÂ : without saying t this is - IIIrd Dyn. floor we are probably right in saying t it represents approximately - IIIrd Dyn. level.</p>
<p>Beyond 36.00 - floor was a good deal broken & was crossed by 2 low mud (not mud brick) walls & tr were several rubbish pits driven through it : this broken area extended up to TTA.</p>
<p>Tr were no traces o building whatsoever & tr cd be no doubt t - area had always been an open space. Apparently as early as - Kassite period it became a rubbish heap & over - mud floor tr was a layer o broken bricks, potsherds etc. up to 100 thick : then earth. In this rubble were found graves (inhumation) on wch see separate notes. - Bodies were always much decayed often untraceable but probably all - groups o pottery etc. found together shd be regarded as graves.</p>:
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<p>TYPE CCCCLXXIV</p>
<p>AH G103 (corbel-vault NW of House V)</p>
<p>1 ex Ht. 0.20 rim. 0.09</p>
<p>resembles pot with incised picture of tree (u 16: ) brought in from Diqdiqqeh.</p>:
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<p>TYPE CCCLXXVIII</p>
<p>N.T. G 30/15 Larnax, type [drawing],</p>
<p>1 ex, red clay, Ht. 0.045 rim. 0.170 base 0.070</p>:
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<p>TYPE CCLIV <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">75</span></p>
<p>N.T. grave 30/2 (larnax [drawing])</p>
<p>greenish drab clay ht. 0.06 rim. 0.17 base 0.05</p>
<p>With button base: [drawing, artifact]</p>
<p>[drawing, artifact]</p>
<p>238</p>
<p>grave NB 44</p>:
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<p>Type CCXXXVI
U.6415 KPS
U.6400 (miniature KPS)
{Drawing of vase 1/5]
</p>
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<p>TYPE CLXIX</p>
<p>AH G202 (larnax type [sketch (artifact: larnax)])</p>
<p>1 variant of this type, in reddish- fawn clay Ht. 0.100 rim. 0.068 diam. 0.080.</p>:
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<p>U.16932-5</p>
<p>Weights</p>
<p>[?T.C.?]R.</p>
<p>16933-16935</p>
<p>MISSING</p>:
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<p>Upper level BC</p>
<p><strong>Photo</strong> [drawing (plan of area) labeled: A B Dungi wall] Against - founds o- Larsa wall, as sheath, just in - < where - older Larsa wall had been cut away for alterations, (A) In whi lying side by side 2 plain clay saucers each covered by another <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">[?inverd?]</span> inverted over it. (one o- covers had a carinated rim) Tr was nothing visible in them but unfiltered dirt Close by was a large jar (B) In - earth by - 2 saucers was a large sherd o fine ware, red washed & burnished w a broad belt o black thinly applied w a brush : unusual type</p>:
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<p>Ur
</p><p>Field Notes
</p><p>Mallowan
</p>:
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<p>used for grave [?group?] analyses</p>
<p>LARSA GRAVES</p>
<p>A H Site</p>
<p>G.1 [?Group?]</p>:
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<p>VARIOUS
</p><p>UR NOTES
</p><p>by
</p><p>M.E.L. MALLOWAN
</p><p>(given by him, from among his
own papers, in 1975 or 6)
</p>:
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<p>Weights
</p><p><b>N.B.</b>
</p><p>Some weights are reckoned in grs., some in grm.
</p><p>See Delaporte p.226
</p><p>1 grain = .0613 grm [1 grain actually equals 0.0648 grams]
</p>:
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<p>Weights</p>
<p>N.B. Some weights are recorded in grs., some in grm.</p>
<p>See Delaporte p.2226</p>
<p>1 grain = .0613 grm [1 grain actually equals 0.0648 grams]</p>:
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<p>XNCF Zig. NW 1931
</p><p>To - NE o - fort tr was against - Neb. T.W. a strip
o mud brick pavement 100 wide, - top o it 015
above - bottoms o - niches in - wall. Beyond this was
a trough-like gap 015 wide, then a double line o
mud bricks, 2 courses deep, + beyond that + flush
w them a clay floor 020 thikc. This had been
broken through by - drains [?] o - Persian period but
[?] be traced [?] - top o - terrace wall. Below it
was a layer o rubbish + ashes 025 thick, + then
at 045 from - Neb. floor surface came a brick pavement.
</p><p>On - SE+SW this pavement ran up to a mud brick
wall o - worst quality, preserved only for 1 course
above floor level : on - NW it ran up to a heavy
mud brick wall wch continued - wall [?] II [?Persian?] A
wch cut off - NW part o Level II. - SE wall ran
along - back o Warad Sin's kisu, - front o wch was
hidden below - pavement : - width o - walls w
not be [?].
</p><p>On - Neb. level just to - NW o - door to - intramural
chamber o TW tr was a reinforcement o -
clay floor, an area [blank] x [blank] [?] enclosed by
mud bricks set on edge (cf. site AH, + - NE gate
o TW.
</p>:
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<p>Y.C.</p>
<p>Pot found in room 4 by Persian graves 50 cm below surface level, & about 40 cm above floor level of room filled with burnt date stones</p>
<p>Height 15 Neck 6.5 Base 2 Greatest width 7.5</p>
<p>[drawing]</p>
<p>? P.190 or IL.59c.</p>:
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<p>ZT 3/1/33</p>
<p>Pot found 35 cm above level of wall below woodash in loose earth Diam 12 1/2 cm base 4 cm height 11 cm</p>
<p>(?) [drawing, artifact] (c) cf. RC 7a 7b</p>
<p>scale 1/4</p>
<p>Reddish clay â very rough finish â</p>:
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<p>[?Hs:?] at end of Shop St G 159 No 4 Niche Lane</p>
<p>[drawing (plan: building) labeled with room numbers and with text below] Barrel Vault Type XVI in vault Straight variant [?axis?] ovoid Chapel</p>
<p>Lies on NW side of small 5 room bungalow at NW end DIV ST.</p>
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<p>[connects to 070]
PG 580
</p><p>060 beneath the level of the large
round copper bowl, approximately under the
line of the rim were found 2 silver
spindle whorls with lapis conical caps
L of first pin 022
</p><p>A second similar one
broken in several
pieces L 0205 with a
circular lapis cap 0028
in diam, flat on one
side, convex on the
other.
[drawing (artifact: tool)]
</p><p>On a level with the silver spindle
whorls running in a SE direction for at
least 2 metres were found more scattered
beads gold carnelian and lapis of the
</p>
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<p>[D.11 in box] (Burnt Brick [undecipherable]) [H.3 in box]</p>:
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<p>[drawing (architectural plan) labeled Sq STEPS]
</p><p>Page [?1?] KP.
</p><p>[drawing (plan) on left side of page with north arrow]
</p><p>Paved Passage about 5 m long &; 1.5 m wide
heading from the smaller courtyard at the N
end of KP to the [?temple?] proper. At NW end is
an entrance 1 m wide, jambs of which are
formed by the SE Larsa wall of the courtyard.
The NW jamb of this entrance projects 070 from
the SW passage wall on the inside and only 050
on the courtyard side. It seems probable therefore[three dots] that
<strike>there was</strike> originally <strike>[three undecipherable words] revil</strike> the W jamb
had a single revil. Measurement of bricks in the
W jamb 028 x 013 x 008 standard Larsa bricks and
some of 033 x 016 x 009 as in SE wall of the courtyard.
In W corner the door jamb has apparently been cut
away both on the inside and on the outside by the
later 1st Bab. dyn. wall in SW wall of the courtyard
q.v. Hole for doorsocket in W corner or inside of the passage.
</p><p>SW wall. Badly ruined inside face, only 5 courses showing above floor level.
This is the SW wall of the courtyard, continued. At its S end it has
a revil projecting 018 from the wall and forming one jamb of a stepped
doorway. The level rises at this point as there is a flight of 4 steps
heading up the raised post-Larsa floor level of the buildings on the
S side of the passage. The steps are not bonded in to the walls.
Mixed bricks used for steps 032x032, 025x025, 032x025 etc. In the SW
wall there is a revil at <strike>either</strike> each end of the doorway both projecting 018 from
the wall. Size of bricks in SW wall mostly 028x018x008 with one 036x019
x008. This wall was probably post Larsa and was re-used in a [?found?]
as there are traces of mud brick on the top.
</p>:
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<p>[drawing (artifact: spear head)]</p>:
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<p>[drawing (plan: building) labeled with measurements and text below]</p>
<p>Sin balatsu-ikbi PDW</p>
<p>TW</p>:
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<p>[drawing (plan: building, partial, with measurement)]
</p>
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<p>[drawing (plan: building, partial, with measurements)]
</p>
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<p>[Drawing (plan: grave and grave area) labeled with measurements] [view of floor and walls a- 380 looking down from a-390]
</p>:
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<p>[drawing (plan: grave)]</p>
<p> G.118 </p>
<p> CLW </p>
<p>Ribbed circular baked clay pot lying on its side under floor in corner of the room - Bitumened on the outside</p>:
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<p>[drawing, architectural, includes measurement and orientation information]</p>
<p>In room adjoining the well paved burnt brick of Sin Balatsu Ikbi abutting on the SE wall of that room was found the substructure of Neo-Bab kilns which had also been apparent from above by the number of tripods and wasters found in the surface. The substructure was entirely of burnt brick with a good burnt brick pavement 25 sq [?cm?] [?long?] [?air?] channel running E by S and recessed floors cf plan also a hollow rectangular structure like a tank with bitumen lining adjoining cf plan</p>:
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<p>[drawing:(artifact:pot)]</p>:
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<p>[number cut off in copy:?__3?]
</p><p><b>Sleepers</b> 755 & <strike> these in [?tens in on hill?] </strike>.
</p>
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<p>[to-scale map of site] HT</p>:
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<p>[Written vertically up left side of page] U.7056 duplicate</p>
<p>DP.3</p>
<p>Tomb Group of 13 pots all known Larsa types except possibly 2 [drawing (artifact: pot)] wd 017, 016, 018, 015, 013</p>
<p>4 of this type</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] wd 014</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] [three drawings of various forms of pots or vases]</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] found with broken Larsa Type ht 023 [drawing (artifact: pot)]</p>
<p>[line drawn across page, drawing below line]</p>
<p>[drawing (artifact: pot)] ht 09</p>
<p>VIII [upside down on bottom of page]</p>:
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<pre> Feb 3rd
</pre>
<p>Below west Kurigalzu floor as in room abutting on NW wall of [?Intersecting?] courtyard 1 high sided [?shouldered?] pot [drawing)artifact:pot)] W 077</p>
<pre> mid 045
</pre>
<p>In pit underneath Larsa floor, deliberately hollowed out in room which Kurigalzu [?stelle?] was found [alpha] TYPE [drawing(artifact:vase)] W 022 broken 2 [?] [beta] TYPE [drawing(artifact:vase)] [gamma] TYPE LI [drawing(artifact:vase)] Kurigalzu [delta] TYPE [drawing(artifact:vase)] 2 Examples [epsilon] 4 Broker Pot Shards [drawing(artifact:vase)]</p>:
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<pre> [?undecipherable]
</pre>
<p>PG 436</p>
<pre> Frit Dog
Lapis Ball & Ring beads
</pre>
<p>232 White Calcite vase 11-7-3 PG 245-250 Metal Vase graves 430 Ostrich Shell 436 take out Complete 19-444 [undecipherable symbol] 462 Calcite vase to be [?moved?] [undecipherable symbol] 450 <strong>Bellum</strong> <strong>Duplicate?</strong> 466 Depth of [?daadt?] grave</p>
<pre> <span style="text-decoration:line-through;"> No [?] </span>
</pre>:
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<pre> C.L.W. G.108
</pre>
<p>Larsa corbel brick grave immediately below floor. Plundered but contained a small frament of a [?thin?] [?waved?] painted pot - black [bauds?] on light [?baff?]</p>
<p>G</p>:
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<pre> G.10 L C.L.W.
</pre>
<p>Behind the head though possibly indirectly associated with the grave</p>
<p>3) An inscribed clay tablet - Date?</p>
<p>4) A miniature [?steatite?] saucer. rim 006 Ht 002 base 002</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled STONE RC22 [?of min?]</p>
<p>Head of grave 090 from each wall.</p>
<p>5) At neck a cylinder seal in shell poor engraving presentation scene before seated god.</p>
<p>Around the grave were a few burnt bricks which had obviously [?served?] for the the box that has contained the body before the plundering of the grave.</p>
<p>6) A shell conch about 020 high</p>:
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<pre> G.13 C.L.W.
</pre>
<p>2m. away from corner A of main Larsa town wall a ruined Larsa pot grave. Disturbed bones & matting, and associated with the grave a number of baked clay vases</p>
<p>1) A baked clay saucer Rim 027 Ht 005 base 0155</p>
<p>[picture, pottery; labeled 669]</p>
<p>2) sam as G.1 (1) Badly Broken</p>
<p>3) same as G.2 (2) Ht 028</p>:
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<pre> G.15 C.L.W.
</pre>
<p>Same [?] as G.16</p>
<p>4.5, due NE of [?Corbel?] brick grave. G. 16 a ribbed baked clay [?larnax?] grave of the Larsa period. Dimensions 1m x 045 x 040 deep. Body on left side flexed position NE x SW. head SW</p>
<p>1) Against leg a copper ring [?d?] 011. Ends slightly overlapping. possibly worn at the knee?</p>:
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<pre> G.16 L C.L.W.
</pre>
<p>[?Corbel?] brick grave of the Larsa period with an inscribed brick in the doorway. Entrance was blocked up with bricks set on edge. Dimensions of grave [?outside?] Ht 1.3m</p>
<p>W 1.5m L 1.9m</p>
<p>16 [?comses?] high. Direction NExSW. Outside the entrance on [?] either side of [?it?] a number of clay vases</p>
<p>1) same as G.1 1) Ht 025 ([?] as</p>
<p> 580, 586 2) same as G.7 1) Ht 045</p>
<p>3) same as 2) Ht 052</p>
<p>4) same as Ht 02[3] Rim 0095</p>
<p>2) was upright against E corner</p>
<p>3) " " " N corner</p>
<p>[picture right, pottery; labeled RC55]</p>
<p>1) & 4) Lay on their sides 040 away from entrance and between 2) & 3)</p>:
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<pre> G.16 L C.L.W.
</pre>
<p>Inside the grave 4 skeletons evidently laid in a family [?] vault of different periods as 3 of the bodies were disturbed and only the central body was clearly untouched and .: this must have been placed inside fast.</p>
<p> RC55 5) against [?floor?] [?jamb?] inside grave a vase - same type as 4) Ht 021</p>
<p> 588 6) & 7) same as G.1 1) lying against back wall of grave</p>
<p> 588 8) 9) } Hts 0225 and 0235 Similar to G.1 1) at foot of skeleton</p>
<p>10) Ht 0215 similar to 4</p>
<p>11) bowl of greenish drab cay - burnishes rim 0105 base 0165 ht 0065</p>
<p>[picture right, pottery; labeled 210]</p>:
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<pre> G.25 C.L.W.
</pre>
<p>close to the drain G. 1m NE of it a group of clay vases</p>
<p>1) baked clay platter Rim 025 Ht 004</p>
<p>Type [picture, pottery, labeled 690]</p>
<p> 588 2) 3) 4) same as G.1 1)</p>
<p>5) same as G.2 2) Ht 023</p>
<p>Plundered grave</p>:
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<pre> G.25 C.L.W.
</pre>
<p>Larsa room with childrens [?burial?] see photo</p>
<p>[picture, blueprint; part of mud vault [?] over [?th...?]; rims 040 ht 012, 2 bowls face to face]</p>
<p>The graves -all pot burials - rested on top of a mud vault 050m high - [?barrel?] [?vaulted?] in unbaked mud brick. sides of vault supported by burnt bricks [?wh?] rested on the thin face. The room has been disturbed and not much remained. But 1) & 2) were inverted bowls of the [?normal?] type with infant remains</p>
<p>3) was a beehive grown with big handles at the mouth L 060 [?] w 045</p>:
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<pre> G.7 L C.L.W.
</pre>
<p>Larsa grave</p>
<p>1) Rim 0165. Ht 0435</p>
<p>2) Ht 045 similar to 1)</p>
<p>3) Rim 0145. Ht 0035 base 0055 light drab baked clay</p>
<p>[picture right, pottery; Reddish drab clay light drab , labeled 586]</p>
<p>[picture: pottery, labeled 291]</p>
<p>4) Ht 0225 light drab baked clay same as G.I. 1)</p>
<p>Disturbed grave body lay NWxSE against burnt brick (Larsa?) wall level with its foundations. Bones confused. skull of a child found apart from body.</p>
<p>Measurement of burial bricks of adjoining wall 0245x0165x008</p>:
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<pre> G.9 C.L.W.
</pre>
<p>Same level as G.8 [?] [?] [L^3] to it thus lying NWxSE - head SE. a skeleton. This has been [?intended?] into the eastern wall upon which the foundations of the upper mud brick wall rested. Evidently the bodies of G. 8 + G.9 has been buried [?flush?] with the face of the [?late?] (Larsa) mud wall.</p>
<p>Head of G.9 was only 020 SE of head of G.8.</p>:
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<pre> Sq N46 SW harbour CLW
</pre>
<p>At depth 0 120 under drift sand, - top o - side o - harbour: Wall face, well preserved for part o pit, was quite vertical: lined up well w remains in other pits.</p>
<p>Sqq N 46-7, M 46</p>
<p>Immediately below - surface a mud wall, bricks 032, whc ran an ? - SE & then ended either w a corner or (possibly) a break vertically on - line o - side wall o - harbour. Tr was a shallow drain running out fm this transverse wall at 100 below - surface, & tr NW. This a mud brick wall on 0 same line as to - SE o - drain but going down 150 pm - surface to a stepped out [falling?] wch continued down for another 050: brick length: 030 : it [P...?] ? - end o - side wall o - harbour. Then came (at end o trench) a vt Ld turn outwards w mud brick apparently o - same quality but - dace not clear. All faces vertical: apast faces, mud brick rubble</p>:
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<pre>BCG/6
House 30 D BC
Almost directly in front o - main door o -
BurSin SE annexe & on - level o - top o -
pedestal in front o - jamps, a burial under
bits o broken pot lying NWxSE. at - NW end
an inverted bowl w a hole in - bottom like a
drain, diam 050 ht 040
By - grave 1) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled 662 = IL50] drab clay ht 047 rim 014
2) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled <strike>650</strike> 607 = IL 41c] drab clay ht 028 rim 009
3) similar to (2)
4) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled 588 = IL 71] drab clay ht 022 rim 010 base 006
5, 6, 7) similar to (4)
8) drab clay saucer diam 018 ht 0055 base 006 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled 43 RC23 = IL5b]
9) bowl o dark greenish grey clay ht 008 rim 017 base 005 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled RC2 = IL2a]
10) like (4)
</pre>:
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<pre>Room 12 top level BC
<strike>House 30/A</strike> 30/E
(E2) room 2 Larsa
[drawing (plan: graves in corner of room) labeled A-E and with measurements]
A) Clay larnax, - top level w - founds o -
late wall
by - coffin
1) [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled 272] ht 021 rim 011 base 010 drab clay
2) drab clay ht 048 rim 013 [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled 702)
3) broken example of ? [drawing (artifact: pot)]</pre>:
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<pre>Room 12 top level BC
<strike>House 30/A</strike> 30/E room 2 Larnax A
(B) coffin type [drawing (artifact: larnax coffin) labeled A]
Body w head
NW
on - arm a
copper bracelet
The coffin rested on a level 070 below - founds
o - late wall & was cut down into - Dungi brickwork.
Immediately above this was an inverted bowl
burial thus, [drawing (artifact: pot) labeled 671 = IL.30] ht 050 rim 060
Child's burial
<strike>E2</strike>
draw
</pre>:
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<pre>Room 8 top level BC
<strike>House 30/A</strike> 30/E
Against - (Bur-Sin) wall (SW) at a depth
o 130 below - top o t wall & 260 below
- top o - top level wall <strike>was</strike> (measuring to -
lower rim o - larnax) was a clay larnax
ribbed type parallel w - wall 140x075
x060. Body, head N on rt side
head missing (decayed) & nothing w it
except a copper bowl ht 003 diam 011 : U.16125
When - BurSin crosswall was broken away
tr were - remains o a circular ribbed
burial pot
<strike>E1</strike>
House/30 E
room 1
</pre>:
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=Cal. 584
TC. Red Clay Nude Fem. w h. clasped-Necklaces:
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=Cat. 616
TC. relief. Nude Fem Fig. h. clasp_d below breasts
Lines of dots on back ground complete but hidden by salt.:
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?
PG 55 TTE
Below &
behind the
objects already
noted, but virtually
touching them, was
a pile of objects
seen thus in elevation [drawing (section of artifact group) labeled 12-17]
(10) gold leaf diadem with punctured edge
width 0007 l. 036 U.8003
(11) a set of very long carnelian beads side by
side, 3, and one gold 8011 (same as 22)
(12) small calcite pot ht 0035 diam. 006
containing yellow paint U.7997
(13) below this some chips of pink chert.
(14, 15) 2 silver bracelets U.8013
on lifting the mass tr was found below a
mass of thousands of beads, shell, big
carnelian & lapis & gold :
16) large gold & lapis ball bead U7914
17 broken clay cup containing beads
:
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A
Rattle.
2 concave hemisph. join_d.
Circumf. moulded to rope- like decor.:
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A & B [?]
TC. Pig.
Head miss_g. B. has snout & eye :
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A (Stone? mould) for making clay fig. God seat_d on stool. 7 - horn_d cap. l. hand & arm stretcht_d out towards stand_g Fig. in plain robe wearing a single horn. . Above 2 cresc.
B - Fem. stand_d (Bgd.):
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A demon (?) above an animal
(top Fig is perhaps a lion?)
Only 2 legs of upper beast left:
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a gold pin and some odds objects.40/Two \"'inlay plaques\"' and \"'a copper head\"' decorating a harp. The plaques represent early sumerian[sic] figures and the back ground is of blue lapis of the style of the semicircular cosmetic box of the queen.These are the leading objects. Besides are a collection of \"'eight head dresses\"' of \"'ladies of the court\"', with combs, gold bands, crowns, earrings, and chockers[sic]. [the author used brackets around the next section][I notice that all chockers[sic] are made of gold and lapis triangles [sketch: three triangles], and we will have to reconstruct the chocker[sic] of queen Shubad on the same lines.] And many other loose parts of the same head dresses.Some very \"'beautiful seals\"'in lapis, green \"'jadeite\"' stone, \"'shell\"' and \"'diorite\"' [hand-written plus sign] one \"'royal seal\"', and several inscribed seals. Some beautiful alabaster vases. One unique vase [sketch: square vase] divided in four compartments and many other objects of copper and potteryâfew silver objectsâWe left undivided the few remains:
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a king of the First Dynasty of Isin,c.2150 B.C., which states that Nannar established his rule from Anshan to Ur. By the SW. wall bricks of Ishme-Dagan of the same dynasty, c. 2120 B.C., have been found, probably fallen from a wall close by. A brick of Bur-Sin I, built into the NE. wall, has proved important for dating purposes, and in the rooms of the SE. wall have been identified bricks of Kurigalzu. Gate-sockets of Ur-Engur and of Bur-Sin I have been found in situ, the latter containing references to GIG-KISAL which may lead to the explanation of the disputed term.Scattered over the various rooms have been found many tablets, all of them account tablets ranging in date from about 2200 to 2000 B.C., except one fragment of a New Babylonian tablet containing omens referring to the gods.The text of the Kudur-Mabug inscription on clay cones can now be almost completely restored, as can a similar inscription of his son Arad-Sin, which is a duplicate of one already published but hitherto incomplete.Other interesting finds include bricks of Sid-Idinnam of Larsa, c. 2010 B.C. and of Sin-Balatsu-Ikbi, a governor appointed by Ashurbanipal, to whom reference is made in the Kuyunjik letters.\"On the 12th of this month I received a visit from Miss Bell, Hon. Director of the Department of Antiquities, Iraq. She was greatly pleased with the progress and results of the work. The Iraq Government has not yet passed an Antiquities Law, the debate on which has been indeed rather acrimonious. As regards the division of objects, your Expedition is in a favourable position, but I anticipate some worry over the details. Under the terms of the provisional permit (valid for three years) granted for this excavation, the excavators were entitled to one half of the finds, - a condition to which the Government objects as a general rule; there is no one in the country capable of making the division, and it may well be that an outside arbitrator will be appointed to represent the Iraq interests.There is one other matter which I should wish to report as my action might in retrospect seem unjustifiable. The work of the whole party has been seriously hampered by the difficulty of light. I have bought a number of lamps of different sorts; all were very expensive and none has given a light by which it was possible to do sustained work at night; - and for the work of all of us a good light is indispensable. After much consideration I have decided to install a small electric light plant in the Expedition house. I have the offer of a plant at the very reasonable price of £50, the whole complete in working order. £50 is a heavy expense to incur on my limited budget and at a late date in the season; but at present I am losing so much of the valuable time of myself and my staff that to incur even this expense seems the more economical course; and if, as I have instructed to assume throughout, the Expedition is to be continued into future seasons, there can be no doubt about the wisdom of the step. It sounds rather absurd to say that adequate lighting by lamps cannot be secured, but such is the conclusion I have come to after two months of experiment; it is probably due to the fact:
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a long and important Sumerian inscription. Ur Engur as the founder of a new dynasty and an independent rulerdid embarked on the task of virtually rebuilding his capital. From of old the Temples of the Moon God, the patron deity of Ur, & of the lesser divinities, had been grouped together on the low ground NE of the city mound - the mound itself being formed of the gathered debris of many generations of buildings. Ur Engur built a great wall round this sacred area, enclosing the old shrines and part also of the town mound where, apparently, he [?prepared/proposed?] to set up a palace for himself. This wall, restored & rebuilt by many later rulers, still survives, and has been traced out for nearly the whole circuit. It is some 30 feet thick, made of sundried bricks roughly rectangular, and it encloses an area some about four hundred yards long by two hundred wide, and in places it still stands ten feet high. It was pierced by six gateways sat back in the wall face, with flanking towers and carved entries, the gates turning on stone hinge-sockets inscribed with the names of the kings who built or repaired this great wall of defence: the earliest of the stones found in position has the name of Bursin, Ur Engur's grandson, the latest that of Nabonidus, (530555 - 538 BC), the last King of Babylon. In the W. corner of the of temenos stand the ruins of the of the great ziggurat tower, built of brick with a solid rubble filling, which rose high above the city. It was constructed in four rectangular stages, diminishing in size as they went up, of which the lowest & part of the second survive: a staircase led up to the lowest platform and from this a sloped ramp ran [?around?] the building to the top, whereon stood presumably a small shrine of Nannar the Moon God. Built by Ur Engur and his son Dungi, this great tower survived throughout the:
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a reply from Cooke saying that they shall be done as soon as a good photographer is invented out there, which season is, I fear, sufficiently vague, but I shall wait with what hope I can. It is rather important to have the Entenena inscr., but, for the rest je m'en passerais bien if they were too long delayed. But since in any case it must be some time before the book is in the printers' hands I daresay they will be forthcoming. For your batch, however, thank you very much; they ought to do admirably.Not very much seems to have happened as yet at Ur; the flattering promise of the tablets remains to be tested. I was very sorry to hear that Burrows had jaundice. He looks, and I fear he is, much too delicate to stand the insidious rigours of Iraq.Yours very sincerely,C. J. Gadd.:
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A&B: Clay rattles:
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A-B
TC.
Godd_ss seat_d on throne-full face
High crown, heav_y flounc_d dress
H. clasp_d on legs
Spok_d circles round throne:
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A-B
TC. high relief Type. III. C. AA.
A-Nude Fem fig. w h. clasp_d over breast. Head missing well modell_d-Bright-red clay.
B- h. 60-A.H. Filling of house of the latest period just SE of the Khan(Paternosler Row. no.15) :
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A-B
TC. relief Triad of Gods, seated Full Face. God & God_ss in long pleat_d garment Between them, small nude fem. hold_g her breasts.
Debutant cf. 16945:
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A-B.
T.C. Nude fem. stands full face suckling an infant.
A - Ft from hands up.
B - " ":
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A-B.
Hand. model_d crude clay fig.
in dark clay.
Nude fem. steatopygous - Heads very small, the arms thick & short
B - lower part of legs miss_g.:
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A-B.
TC. Fig-Bull-footed god
A-broken off at hips:
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A-B.
TC. Nude fem. stands full face suckling an infant.
A - Ft from hands up.
B - " ":
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A-F Mould_d TC. Fig. Nude fem. type III.e.1. c. complete-fare face rubbed away. :
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A. B. Fr_t of horses- Fine work
Red & black paint left
Parts of 1 or 2 rect_r plaques pierc_d at corner to fix to wall:
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A. TC. relief-seat_d woman. w flounc_d skirt, suckling infant. part of skirt & Feet broken.
B. Fr_t head missing-h. 85mm
[backside] ID. 32-40-39:
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A.B
TC. handmodel_d on a moulded stump of body. The head w. hair & the arms being added separet_y
A. complete-h 145 Type III b. Fr_t B waist to feet flat & board-like h. 115:
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A.B
2 Horses (& riders miss_g)
hand model_d
Crude. :
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A.B.
TC. God_ss full face, high crown
carry_g-club & axe betw. clasp_d h.
A-From below h. up.
B- " waist. up:
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A.B.C.
TC.
Godd_ss stand_g (?) Full face, h. rais_d & held apart before breast
High crown elaborate hair flounc_dd.:
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A.E.
TC. relief. Man w. Flail (?)
Type. XI b.4.
D: {?} Complete. Behind the full length Fig. of the man (draped) is a squatting monkey h.85.:
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A.H. in Filling pf main leavel sw. of House 17.
TC. relief. Nude woman suckling infant c ; head & legs below knees missing. :
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abaster vases dedicated by Enannipadda and by a female worshipper, and the oolite bowl of Ur-Engur have been completed, and, more important, we have now the greater part of an alabaster lunar disk bearing on one side an inscription by the daughter of Sargon of Akkad and on the other a representation of a sacrifice to the goddess in which the chief part is taken by a priestess, probably the princess herself. But the most important object from the temple ruins was a diorite statue of a goddess, probably Bau (it is not inscribed), which except for the nose (which was made separately) and for the inlay of the eyes, is intact ; this is the first complete statue we have found, and the first female statue discovered in Mesopotamia belonging to the early period.Another object absolutely of the first class is a limestone plaque carved in relief with two scenes of worship of the Moon God; it is in almost perfect condition. The scenes are most interesting; the upper contrasts curiosly with that on the great stela of Ur-Engur, the lower compares with that on the alabaster disk described above, and the comparison is the more interesting as the plaque dates from at least 3000 B.C. and therefore shews the continuity of ritual in the Sumerian religion. An almost equally early piece is a fragment from a stela in dark blue-grey stone shewing parts of two registers with men and women in procession and a short archaic inscription, a very incomplete but very valuable piece. A (fragmentary) ram's head in black steatite, finely carved, is an example of the cult symbols set on staves and placed in shrines or carried in processions.Above the ruins of the Kassite temple was a stratum of burnt ashes in which were found remains of numerous objects which must have been temple furniture; there were very many hollow cylinders like ferules in silver and copper probably from the legs of chairs, a silver dish and situla, a bronze dish, a good stone bowl and some small objects. In one of the graves of the Larsa period found under the temple pavement (all of which had been plundered in antiquity) there was a human mask in:
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about 150 clown, close to the inner wall of SE range in NE corner of courtyard
Clay head. h. model_d of a Negro(?) very fine work, but damaged-Broken at the neck.
[unrelated photo of Pazzuzu attached to card] :
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about 500; they seem most appreciative--& rather astonished that they are so!Till Friday afternoon I shall be â
Mrs. Hale, 900 Willow Road, Winnetka, Ill. & after that â
The Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, Mass.The catalogue work goes well & from here, before I go, I propose to send back to the Museum a pile of stuff which will considerably lighten my luggage; it would have gone better if my wretched elbow hadn't held me up a great deal.Please give my warmest regards to your wife & repeat my thanks for her kindness.Yours sincerely,C.Leonard Woolley[with a lovely swoosh underneath]:
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about Loins - supporting a sheath on front-Long beard-braided-Turban or hairband. Feet broken off.
Moulded.:
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about the middle of next month & will be a very fine show. The al 'Ubaid volume is out & your copies will presumably be to hand very soon: it is quite a handsome volume. I'm glad to hear that the text volume will be back in July, since the sooner that is out the better.I've just got the March number of the Museum Journal & am much interested in the further joining up of the [??Stile?] paymentsâI wish we could get more of it! I did once have a face put on the [??illegible word] statuette but took it off again as being too much of a reconstructionâbut it is I think the right thing to do for public exhibitions. I hope you will be able soon to get in to the Ur tabletsâ& that you will find them interesting. The seal catalogue I have not seen yetâdon't you think that the Museum ought to:
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above them, thus [drawing of male bust with head between 2 circles (each with 2 inner concentric circles), each just smaller than the the head]. Price of set £12.15.-. found about 30 miles south of Aleppo[inset in left margin next to the following paragraph as follows: checkmark]3. Bronze mirror with relief, found at Sidon. Price £45. (This has been valued here at between £120 & £150, so it was a good buy!)[inset in left margin next to the following paragraph as follows: checkmark]4. Fragment from a mirror-case with relief of the Three Graces ([?]): price £1.15.-.[inset in left margin next to the following paragraph as follows: checkmark]5. Vase of copper (or bronze?) inlaid with silver: Arab work of the 13th century from Rakka. Price £42. I don't know whether you are keen on Arab stuff, but know that this Museum has some. I might be able to get a good deal if you wanted it.Anyhow I hope these things will suit you.Yours sincerelyC. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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Abrh. house
TC. relief-Nude fem. Fig. h. clasped below breasts (possibly III c. x) Legs & upper head missing-:
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ACCOUNTS FOR MAY AND JUNE, 1927. £. s. d.Stamps and telegrams 1. 0. 9.Transport of luggage 1. 3. 0.Small purchases 3. 4. 0.Balance on traveling account 8. 0.Freight on antiquities 34. 14. 10.Stanley Hall, copying plans 2. 8. 6.M. E. L. Mallowan, for summer work (say) 35. 0. 0.C. L. Woolley, salary 133. 13. 4. TOTAL £211. 12. 5.[Note: typewritten total of £181 is hand-corrected to read £211]:
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actual alterations in the text.This is I think the best way, as well as the quickest & easiest for you.Don't return the proofs of plates unless there's some alteration required: they will serve you for the later [??illegible word??] of the text. I think it will [??look??] very well.YoursLeonard Woolley [underscored]:
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addition of a copy being sent to you for such press purposes as you think most helpful, or do you think that you will have had sufficient material in my monthly reports to be able to meet all demands without calling on me for anything further? I shall also be anxious to know as soon as possible whether by any chance you will be wanting me to come over to the States; I shall of course be pretty busy with preparing this season's results for final publication, and should be glad to have as much notice as possible so as to fit in my work to the best advantage.Yours sincerely,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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Adjustment on Exchange.In my accounts as rendered rupees have been reckoned by the 1927-8 rate by which Rs.40 equals £3.The amount transferred from London to Basra during the season was £3900, which I assumed to be Rs.52,000. The amount actually credited to me at Basra was Rs.49,140. 10,a difference of Rs.2859. 6 so that my re-transfer into sterling of the total of my expenditure is underestimated by £214. 9. 0.The sum of Rs.9980. 2 retransferred from the Basra to the London credit produced £743. 11. 3, a further loss of £4. 18. 11.The sum of £219. 7. 11 should therefore be added to my total expenditure as shewn.:
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Against SE wall (outer face) of Bur-Sin's SE annexe, low down in ruins of a wall of the next period
TC relief- Red clay- Incomplete.
Martu & worship goddess. :
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Al'Ubaid painted:
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Alexandria.October 19. 1926.Dear Dr. Gordon,I feel that I ought to send you a preliminary report on the prospects of this year's expedition before we get down to work. I am, as you see, on the way out now, and my next report will be from Ur after the season has really started.As neither Sidney Smith nor Gadd could be spared from the department the British Museum has supplied as Assyriologist for the year Father Eric Burrows; I believe that he is a very good man at his job, and I know hin to be a most agreeable companion. He left England some little while ago and is to meet me at Beyrouth.Mallowan comes again as general assistant, but this year, according to the agreement made with him at the time of his first engagement, he is to draw a salary instead of working as an apprentice for nothing as he did last time; I discussed this with Sir Frederic Kenyon and at his wish fixed Mallowan's salary for this season at £100. I should say that Father Burrows receives also a fee of £250, as arranged by Sir Frederic Kenyon, that being, I imagine, reckoned as part of the British Museum's contribution. Mrs. Keeling, as I have already told you, comes out again as unpaid assistant. About Whitburne, our architect, there was for some time a good deal of uncertainty, he thinking that he might be kept at home by his own business; but he has now arranged to come out again, but will join the expedition in the field about December 1st. I must get along as best I can for this first month, and then he will take over the architect's work. He comes on the same terms as last year, so that his late arrival, which I regret, will at least mean a certain small economy.From the outset digging will be confined to the mound just outside the Temenos area where at the close of last season a trial dug brought to light tablets:
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all the gold things from the grave of Queen Shub-ad, they are very fine indeed: on those work is still in progress.Yours sincerelyC.Leonard Woolley:
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am glad of this, as competent directors of excavations are very scarce. Apart for him, I know of no suitable person now available.With best wishes, I remainYours very sincerely[signed]F. G. Kenyon:
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An analogous question arises with regard tocasts and electrotypes. Here the equitable principleshould seen to be that the Museum which makes the mouldsand casts should retain enough of the profits to recoupits expenditure, but that a substantial royalty shouldb paid to the Museum which owns the original object.Suppose, for instance, that we have taken a mould of anobject allotted to you, you would have the option eitherof paying us for the mould and for the manufacture of thecasts, in which case you would of course retain the wholebalance of the receipts from sales, or of leaving us inpossession of the mould and allowing us to sell casts, inwhich case we should pay you a royalty on each cast sold.We are now preparing a list of the objects of which moulds have been made, and of which casts can besupplied to order. We propose to charge approximately33â
per cent. above the cost of production; thus the goldhelmet, for which the cost of production is £25, would besold at £33, and a bowl which costs £9 would be sold for £12. I will let you have a copy of the list when it is/ready,:
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and Baghdad claims [??illegible word] U.7551 (=CBS16771) [the preceding numbers are circled in pencil, with a note written above which reads we have it] (a bone pin) and U.16310 (=[?r?]31-43-568)[also circled in pencil and noted we have it] (a clay pot with [??illegible word] black design), but neither is important.I am getting a typed list of all the U numbers of all inscribed tablets etc. in the BM: would it be possible to do the same for Philadelphia? this is so as to be able to answer Baghdad's queries as to the existence & whereabouts of tablets not yet divided [previous three words circled in pencil] & therefore theoretically claimed by Iraq.Your volume on Seal Impressions has gone to the Press--at last!I am still without information on a few cylinder seals: I fancy that their original U numbers have been lost and therefore the only way of identifying them is by comparing the seals of which no U numbers are[from \"comparing\" to \"are\" is circled in pencil] known with the catalogue description of the missing cylinders. I could satisfy myself that certain seals were either:
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and gay parties to be. You certainly heard about \" the devil a monk would be!\" This is henceforth my profession.I hope you enjoy your trip to Central America, and leave behind you the nasty weather we have now. The only good point in my case, is that I escaped it, but at what price!Yours very sincerely. L. Legrain:
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and his assistant Smith and Gadd, have agreed that your servant will be trusted with the volumes on seals and another on Terra cottas. That much to the good. Your letter on the subject was [?vere?] efficient. There are more details, which I prefer not to put down on writing, and I will reserve them for a talk with you in September.--Mrs Van Buren was here. But I was too late to see her, despite her kind invitation.Miss Moon and her friend, and two young men from New York, are actually in London, and Margaret Moon ask me to send her love--there it is--Please give my best regards to all at the Museum. Yours sincerely,L. Legraine.:
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and I will now begin to look through it, after which of course I will write again. How long are you likely to be in France? It is most disappointing that you cannot come here, but I can imagine the difficulties- what nonsense it is! At least I hope you will have a good restful, and enjoyable vacation, and that the next time I shall have the pleasure of meeting you againYours very sincerely,D. J. Gadd:
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and of misunderstanding in use.All good wishes,Yours sincerely,C.J.Gadd.[underlined]Excuse the horrid typing--mine.:
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and that only I can judge. Consequently I must as I always have done insist that the choice of a general assistant must rest with myself.I have, as you know, interviewed a good many aspirants at different times and have refused them: if a man were sent over from Philadelphia for me to see, I feel that my hand would unfairly forced, as it would be difficult if not impossible for me to refuse him. In view of my converstaions with Mr. Jayne and with you I have have been enquiring about an assistant over here; I wish to secure one, but feel that it would be far more to the interest of the work to go without rather than to adopt anyone of whom I did not absolutely approve.There is one other point. Any person associated in the field with the Expedition ought, in my view, to be paid out of the joint Expedition funds; otherwise his relative independence does impair my own authority as director. This argument was urged by the late Dr, Gordon against the employment of volunteer assistant, and I strongly agree with itYours sincerelyC. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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and would certainly be pleasant; I should like to see Philadelphia again.By the way, I've changed my home address, which is now \"Uplands, Bathwick Hill Road, Bath.\" The [?Danby?] place was too big & too expensive to keep up at post-war rates, so we have moved down to what is in many ways a more convenient as well as a more economical place: I can't afford £300 a year for gardens alone!I shall stop here at the Consulate till the end of February & then my movements will be dictated by the situation in the North; if digging is out of the question I think I shall go back via Italy, where I haven't been for years & years, & spend a short time there before braving the rigours of an English spring. Good luck and good wishes Yours sincerely[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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Animal fig. :
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Animal rattle. - Head, legs off
Red clay :
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Animal's h. Dark clay. H. model_t - Eyes incis_d mouth & nostrils carefully render_d good work:
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Animal-head.
Arch H_d model_d:
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Animal. Drab. Horse?
head turn_d left. nose band.
wild ass - Equidae :
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Animal. Model_d - Drab. broken near hind leg. Head damag_d:
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Animals:
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Another question of detail is that of type. No doubt we can find types of English in the two countries which are sufficiently alike (absolute identity is not, I think, necessary); but are there founts of cuneiform type which correspond sufficiently?The scholars working of the texts will have to come to an understanding as to the method of treatment, - extent of commentary, provision of translations, etc., so that there may be general uniformity.These are the points which occur to me at present. Will you consider them and let me know your views?I suppose your exhibition is now in progress. I hope it is a success.Believe meYours very sincerely[signature] F. G. Kenyon:
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Another thing which I find awaiting me is the parcel of your three numbers of the PBS. As they have only just come to my sight, I have scarcely looked within, but let me congratulate you, at least, on the appearance of the books, and upon your really extraordinary achievement in getting so much solid work done. I, with whom the tempo seems to get ever slower and slower, am amazed at your dispatch. Why, to make a catalogue of those seals would strike me as a work to settle down comfortably upon for 5 years! The reproductions are very good, and the sketches (yours, I think?) do just what they ought, i.e. show the design. And when you are able to produce the Nippur terra-cottar, you will have given us something which nobody has yet done.I send with this a fattish extract from the R.A. which perhaps you will by this time have already seen. Nearly all of the documents have interest, I think, several have importance, and one or two even amusement.All best wishes from us: Hall is now tripping, or working, or both, in Crete, and Smith is holding the fort; no, you need not fear that 'settling down' will take him in that way.Yours very sincerely,C. J. Gadd.:
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ANTIQUITIES DEPARTMENT IRAQTelegram: - Antiquities Baghdad.ToMiss McHugh, Secretary, Museum of University of PennsylvaniaNo. 791Baghdad, May 4th 1929.MEMORANDUM.Dear Miss McHugh, May I ask/ you to thank your Trustees on behalf ofthe Government of Iraq for the very generous gift of yourpublications, all of which have been safely received thisweek from your European agent, Karl W. Hiersemann of Leipzig.It is a splendid donation and will be of great assistance to all who have to work in this Museum.Many thinks for your kind congratulations. Iam of course only here for a short time, and there is much todo.My kindest regards to yourself and the usualsalaams to Father Legrain. Yours very sincerely,[signed] Sidney Smith.DIRECTOR OF ANTIQUITIES.:
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ANTIQUITIES DEPARTMENTIRAQ[text in Arabic]Telegram: - Antiquities BaghdadThe Director,Univeristy of Pennsylvania, PHILADELPHIANo. 494Baghdad Jan. 24, 1929MEMORANDUMDear Sir, I should be infinitely obliged if you would bekind enough to recommend to the Trustees of your Museumthat free copies of the important publications concerningthis country be sent to the 'Iraq Museum, directed to mepersonally. It is impossible on the small allowance forthe purchase of books to obtain all that is required forreference, and as the departmental books are availablefor visitors to study during the hours the Museum is open - a great convenience to European and American travellers, -I trust you will consider this appeal favourably. I am particularly thanking of your invaluable text publication,and the recent work on Seals by M.L.Legrain. Yours faithfully,[signed] Sidney Smith.Director.:
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Antler_d deer head. Broken. H_d model_d in round. From PG? :
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Apotropaic mud figures:
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April 11, 1929Dear Mr. Woolley: I suppose you will have returned from Canada by this time. Should Mr. and Mrs. Bliss come to the Museum you may count upon our doing our best to maketheir visit and enjoyable one. We will make an effort to get the President; he appears, however, to be a very busy man these days and may not feel he can take the time to come to Philadelphia. I hope that you are not quite worn out with your trip and that Mrs. Woolley is having a rest in New York. We are looking forward to your coming visit to Philadelphia. We are arranging for the private view of the Ur collections for theafternoon of May 24. This date has been decided upon because during that week there are meetings here of the American Federation of Arts and also of the Museums Association, another national organization. I am rather sorry that we could not have the exhibition while you are in this country but it seems difficult to meet all situations.Very sincerely yoursC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.c/o Mr. Lee Keedick475 Fifth AvenueNew York City:
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April 14, 1926Dear Kenyon:After reading your letter of February 5 relative to the accounts of the Expedition for 1924-25, it appears to us that we owe the Expedition £125 in order to bring our total up to the amount contributed by the British Museum and equalize our contributions. I am therefore enclosing draft No. 11 on London, drawn to the order of the Eastern Bank, Ltd., for £125.I am also enclosing draft No. 10, drawn to the order of the British Museum, for £29-8-9 to cover the cost of casts and a copy of the card list of antiquities, less our share of interest accrued and profits on sale of reports, according to your statement of February 5.Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERICK KENYON, DIRECTORThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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April 17, 1924Sir Frederic KenyonThe British MuseumLondon, EnglandDear Sir Frederic KenyonIt is now four months since we received the seven cases from the British Museum containing our share of last season's finds at Ur. These collections having been unpacked were six found in good condition.I have been waiting in expectation of receiving Mr. Woolley's register of these specimens. It has not been received and it would be a relief to my mind if you could give me information on the subject.You may recall that when I saw you in the British Museum last summer it was arranged that this Museum would receive a cast of the headless statue which was retained by the Government at Baghdad. It was a part of the agreement that this Museum would pay the cost of making and transporting this caset. It has not been received and I have been wondering whether it has been forgotten. If you could let me know how much the cast will cost we will be very glad to send the money in advance.Very sincerely yours(signed) G.B. GordonDirector:
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April 17, 1929My dear Mr. Hall: This is simply to tell you thatthe case containing the electrotype copiesof the Ur specimens has arrived in theCustom House and we are hoping to have it delivered at the Museum within a day ortwo. Thank you so much for attending tothis for us. With these specimens we can now complete our exhibition which will beopened on the twenty-fourth of May duringa convention of the Museums Association ofAmerica and the Art Foundation of America.I can understand your hesitation aboutsending us the harp and the standard. We are having a harp made in the Museum onwhich we are using the bull's head and thepanel and we are also having a water colourdrawing made of the standard. These will, I believe, take care of our needs. We are alldelighted to hear that we are to receive as a gift from Mr. J. R. Ogden a reproduction in gold of the monkey.Very sincerely yoursSecretaryH.R.HALL, ESQ.The British MuseumLondon, England:
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April 20, 1929My dear Mr. Jayne:It is my pleasant duty to inform you that at the stated meeting of the Board of Managers of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania held yesterday you were unanimously elected Director of the Museum. Mr. Borie, Vice President of the Museum, will arrange with you details in connection with the duties of the position which it is our hope you will accept. Personally, I want to say how happy this appointment makes me. Our staff look forward with pleasure to welcoming you as their new chief. Very sincerely yours Secretary Horace H. F. Jayne, Esq.:
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April 21, 1926.My dear Woolley:I am glad to know that the Victrola has been of some service to the Expedition. It is our wish that neither you nor the Expedition should be at any expense in connection with it. Therefore, the sum that you paid out for carriage, namely, £5-10-10, according to your letter of February 6, will be sent to you at the end of this month.I have today received your report dated March 28 and I am glad to know that you consider the division with Baghdad a fair one although they took the principal objects.I have recently exchanged views with Kenyon regarding publications and I believe that all the points have been satisfactorily covered. Doubtless you will be at work seeing the Tell el Obeid volume through the press from the time of your arrival in London, you will also have the task of arranging last yearâs finds for exhibition and I hope that you will be able to make a satisfactory showing.Our own exhibition of the collections from Ur has been installed. Our original intention was to open this exhibition early in the winter but circumstances conspired to cause us to postpone it until the date of the Opening was finally fixed for the eighteenth of May, when we may expect favourable conditions. The exhibition looks very well. It is installed in a single room of the new wing which is chiefly devoted to Egyptian antiquities and is:
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April 21, 1926Dear Kenyon:I have today received your letter of April 12 enclosing Woolley's last report for the press, for which I thank you. By this time, you will have received my letters of April 6 and 14 in which you will find statements of what I had to say about publication and about the accounts of the Expedition. I hope that you will find both satisfactory. By the same mail with your letter I received Woolley's official report dated March 28 which covers the final stages of the season's work at Ur, the division and his work in Baghdad.It appears that a new Museum building in Baghdad has been finished and the Government's share of the collections from Ur is being installed. I am glad that they are providing the means of taking proper care of these collections but I doubt whether they have yet anyone capable of administering a Museum or caring for antiquities. Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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April 24, 1923The Clerk of PublicationsThe British MuseumLondon, EnglandDear Sir:I have seen an announce-ment of a guide book to the Cen-tral American Antiquities in the British Museum by T. . Joyce.Will you be good enough to have a copy of this publication forwardedto this Museum with a bill? Ifthere have been any recent publica-tions on the subjects of archaeol-ogy or ethnology we would like toadd them to our collection. Per-haps you will be good enough tokeep us advised of new publicationsof the British Museum.Very truly yoursDirector:
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April 24, 1924Dear Woolley:I have received your report of showing that you brought/the excavations to a close on March 8th and that a division has been made with the Iraq Government, that you were preparing to start for Baghdad where you planned to give a lecture on the season's work.I have also received your accounts to the end of February. These accounts taken in connection with the other monthly accounts sent us show that you had on February 29th a balance of £1,006.1.9. In a latter dated February 29 you acknowledge receipt of an additional sum of £750. extra which was placed at your disposal for the year's work.As matters stood at the close of the season's work when you had on hand £1006.1.[?9] out of your original appropriation, I presume that this amount was kept in reserve by you to defray all anticipated expenses connected with the return of the expedition to London and your own salary until the end of June. This sum, no doubt, will be more than adequate for these purposes and that you will have a balance on hand from the original fund. Your letter of February 29 contains the statement that whereas you would use the £250. which the British Museum sent as an extra appropriation, you would not use any of the £500. extra which we sent. You will therefore have this £500. on hand in addition to whatever the balance is left of the original appropriation. Please return this sum of £500. to the University Museum.In several of your letters you inquired whether we would need you in this country this spring or summer to lecture. While it is very important that you should be able to tell the public in this country as well as in England and Mesopotamia about the results of your excavations, we felt that the season for lectures had passed and that it would be better to postpone and plans of that kind. I am looking forward to receiving your next newspaper stories:
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April 24, 1928My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:Thank you for your letter ofApril 12. In the first volume of Ur Textswhich you tell me has been printed off andof which copies have been delivered to you, I think that we can stamp on the titlepage the name and address of our agents.In future publication, I believe that itwould be well to add, as you suggest, thewords, \"In the United States, at theUniversity of Pennsylvania Press, 3438Walnut Street, Philadelphia.\" We arelooking forward to receiving our share of the Ur Texts.I hope that it will be possible for you tomake arrangements to send us inthe not far distant future a complete set ofphotographs from the fifth expedition. Wehave now the complete set for the first, second, third and fourth expeditions, butour files lack the series for the fifth expedition.I am sure that the exhibition of the Ur finds this year will be an interesting and important one.Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British Museum:
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April 25, 1924My dear Kenyon:The I enclosed two clippings have recently appeared in from The Philadelphia papers. One purports to be a cable despatch from London and the other a letter from a correspondent unknown to me.Woolley's report dated March 8th has come in. By it I see that he had brought the exposition to a close. I presume that objects assigned to the expedition are now on their way to London. I will be glad to be informed upon their arrival.Very sincerely yoursDirectorSir Frederic KenyonDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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April 26, 1926Dear Mr. Woolley:I presume that this will anticipate your arrival in London by a few days, after a successful and, I hope, a pleasant journey home.By some ingenious process of the Post, the enclosed letter has arrived at the University Museum. As you will see, it is addressed to yourself at or of the Chaldees, Iraq; and indeed, the address appears to be clear and explicit. It appears to be further elucidated by an inscription in Arabic written upon the envelope no doubt by the postmaster who, I suppose, in one of his lucid intervals, identified Ur of the Chaldees with Philadelphia. He must be an archaeologist.You may recall that a similar instance happened a year ago last winter when an official envelope addressed to you in the same way was delivered at this Museum, and I returned it to you at Ur with a covering letter. As you never acknowledged my communication, I do not know whether you ever received it. I will ask you to be good enough to acknowledge the present communication.With best regards,Very sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQThe British MuseumLondon:
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April 28, 1926Dear Mr. Woolley:I enclose herewith draft on London for £5-10-10, the amount paid out by you for transport on the package containing the Victrola presented to the Expedition by the University Museum.It is the desire of the Museum that neither you nor the Expedition should be at any expense in connection with that gift and we therefore desire you to refund the Expedition the sum paid out on that account.Very truly yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.The British MuseumLondon, England:
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April 3, 1925My dear Woolley:I have just received your letter of March 9th enclosing report for February and the February accounts. First, let me congratulate you on the conclusion of the third season's work at Ur and on the success of this expedition. I have no doubt that the finds when they shall have been assembled and cleaned and put in order will make a very interesting exhibit. I presume that it will be the work of the British Museum to show them during this summer. That brings me to the question of Legrain's services to the expedition. Will you wish him to remain to work over the collections with you during a part of the summer? He is entitled to six weeks' vacation and I presume that he will be taking that vacation on the Continent immediately upon his return or else at such time as he may arrange with you. You will also be taking your vacation at a time that will suit your convenience. My thought is that so far as Legrain's services are concerned, the interests of the Ur expedition comes first and if he can be employed upon the work of that expedition to advantage we would not wish to interfere in any way with that work and I leave it entirely to you and Dr. Legrain to arrange between you as to how he should be employed during the spring and summer.There is also the question of next year's expedition. We will be prepared to do our share next season on the same scale as during the past season and in case the British Museum is ready to continue with us I presume that you will be looking forward to organizing your party. Do you wish Legrain to join you next season? There is no one else that we could send you to represent the University Museum. In case he should be going with you I should like him to spend two or three months here during the latter part of the summer. Your reports this year have been very encouraging and I want to congratulate you on the work of the expedition. The great stela is, I suppose, a unique document as well as:
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April 3, 1930My dear Sir Frederic:In the absence of Mr. Jayne in Egypt I went to acknowledge your letter of March 18th and to tell you of the safe arrival of the Ur catalogue which Dr. Hall kindly had prepared for us. Our file of the field catalogues for the seasons 1922-23 to 1927-28 is now complete. We shall await the arrival of the photographs which you say will come to us shortly.I have spoken to Dr. Legrain about Woolley's sketch restoration of the Al'Ubaid temple and he tells me that he does not have it among his plans and drawings. I suppose you refer to the coloured restoration which was published in the Al'Ubaid volume. May not the sketch have been used in making the plate? Should the sketch not turn up please let me know and I shall have a thorough search made for it here.Yours sincerelySecretarySir Frederic Kenyon, DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, W.C.1.England:
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April 30, 1930The Trustees of the British Museum London, EnglandDear Sir:I am sending to you enclosed herewith draft No.520 in the sum of £11.19.6 in payment of your bill of April 1. I am also enclosing this bill which I shall ask you to receipt and return to me at your convenience.Very truly yoursAsst.Treasurer:
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April 6, 1923Dear Sir Frederic:Your letter of March 27th has just arrived enclosing a note from Woolley. It is clear that each of Woolley's packets was sent to the wrong address. A few days ago I received Woolley's report dated February 15th with a covering letter to the Director of the British Museum. Enclosed with this was a note addressed to you personally which I at once re forwarded to you. I share your feeling about the stopping of the work so early. While it is a distinct disappointment to myself and to all who are interested in the work, here we are glad to know that the results of the season's work have nevertheless appear ed to be good.With regard to the publication of a provisional report by Woolley on the season's work, if it would be desirable by your thought to have it brought out simultaneously in England and here. If ARCHAEOLOGIA would publish it in England we could publish in here in the quarterly JOURNAL of our Museum. I do not know of any other publication in this country that could take care of it. Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC G. KENYONDirector of the British MuseumLondon, England:
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April 6, 1923My dear Mr. Woolley:I have just received your letter of February 17th that was enclosed with your report of February 15 forwarded by Kenyon. The letter addressed to him came to me and was forwarded to him. We are all very sorry about the exhaustion of the funds and the closing of the work at so early a date. It was a distinct disappointment to us all. We realize that by the time you received our cable of inquiry, it may already have been too late to change your plan for closing. If we had had an early and clear indication of how long your funds would last and how much more you would need to complete the season we would have been prepared to do our part to increase your credit and I understand that the British Museum would have been prepared to do the same. It takes from forty to sixty days for a letter to reach us from Ur; then an exchange of notes between the two Museums could occupy some time. I notice in your own report of February 16 that you express your regret at bringing the work to an end earlier than you expected. In your letter of February 17th, you mention arrangements for preliminary notices of the season's excavation. So far as the newspaper publicity is concerned, it has been fairly well covered, I believe, both in this country and in England, from your monthly reports. I would be glad, however, if you would write me from England a general summery of the results and the way in which they have affected our knowledge of Ur. I think the daily papers and perhaps one or two weeklies would publish it. With regard to your summary report, I am in communication with Kenyon about its publication.I congratulate yourself and your assistants in the field on your good health and your safe return as well as on the success of your digging.With my best regardsVery sincerely yours DirectorC. Leonard Woolleyc/o The DirectorThe British Museum:
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April 6, 1926Dear Kenyon:I have to acknowledge your letter of February 13 and also your note of March 22 enclosing Woolley's February report which I note see will be released to the press on April 13.Answering your letter of February 1, I am in agreement with you about the importance of publishing texts from Ur without waiting for a large accumulation extending over a number of years and without endeavoring to classify them before publication. The other method was tried years ago with our Nippur collection with rather disastrous and very unsatisfactory results.We are prepared to make it a part of our duty to cooperate with you in giving to the world the contents of the texts already found a Ur and to endeavor to continue that practice by publishing the texts as soon as possible after they are found. That the texts should precede the archaeological volumes seems to me to be a natural order and a convenient one for reference.As to the form of publication, I like the form adopted in THE CUNEIFORM TEXTS FROM BABYLONIAN TABLETS published by the British Museum, which seems to be well adapted to a publication of this kind. I presume that the different scholars who will participate in the preparation of the texts for publications will be willing and able to cooperate in such a way that each will be responsible for the part produced by him and all will work together to avoid any confusion or duplication of labour.Although I have not yet had an opportunity of consulting Dr. Legrain, I think we may assume that he will be prepared to undertake the preparation of those texts assigned to the Museum, leaving:
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April 9, 1930Dear Mr. Jayne:And so you went to Baghdad. We were glad to get tidings of you and to hear that Mrs. Jayne and you are well. I have sent the good word on to Mrs. Bache and Mrs. Davis.Last week I sent to you to Berlin a copy of a letter from Mr. Millard of which I am now enclosing another copy. Today I sent you care of Morgan and Company the following cable letter.\"J. Laporte Creon Gironde near Bordeaux back from Africa with second collection ten thousand dollars could you inspect suggest inviting Verneau Museum National D'Historie Naturelle to see it stop Millard of Teheran writes confidentially March fifth Herzfeld expressed opinion no likelihood draft prepared would be passed or presented to Medjliss owing to opposition of Minister of Education.\"Mr. Hall had word from J. Laporte of a collection of African sculpture which he has for sale and which Mr. Hall thinks might be of interest to the Museum. He asked me to send the cable message on to you. As in the case of the collection offered us early last spring, which Mr. Hall went to Creon to buy, Laporte urges now a quick decision--he says that other Museums are considering the purchase of the collection; this, however, is the usual play of the dealer.Yesterday Mr. Hall went to New York to see two collections of African carvings from which he selected four or five speciment--these will be sent on to us for your consideration upon your return.:
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Arc H_d model_d
Man Nude bust _Weapons
Robe to feet
Heads
Draped Crescent
Shrine:
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Arch. Seal. Impress:
40. Arch.man & goats - The nude fig., one hand up. & other down. is also found on Elamite seal.
imoress - driving a bull (DEP. XViI nos 209.[378, 328?]) The birdlike head, w lozenge. eye, receding fore. bead, beak-like nose & mouth. is in the same style as the Fem. fig. on painted pottery. of the al'Ubaid level. The conventional aspect, or the racist characteristics of this human. head raise many problems (Gazette Od. 32. p.150.1)
Human heads: 398-399. 394.276.
Arch. Sumer heads are an anthropology. doc. Remarkable for. receeding. forehead. long nose, small chin, large ears, heavy eyebrows, & especially for the lock. of hair, almost a ????
at the top of the skull.
Womans head. 385.
T.A. grab. (J11. L.N*. Nov. 6. 1937 - Color Pl. I.
early dyn. vase "scarlet ware" follows. JN. peri 3 Temple women beating tambourines.
same tuft of hair. top of skull - :
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Archaic hand model_d + plaque
Nude woman preising breast:
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Armed God- Clubs, axe
Bull ears
Mitre :
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As I thought Woolley might be getting confused as to the various contributions, I cabled on Jan. 30th: \"Do not exceed £4,500 for season, including Legrain's salary and travelling. Letter follows.\" The letter gave him the full figures as above' so I trust there will be no mistake.Yours sincerely[signature] F.G. Kenyon:
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as there are not enough fingers to go around.The earliest Egyptian pipes (c.3000 B.C.) seem to have been in parallel: but no Sumerian or Akkadian illustration is forthcoming. The terracottas from Nippur ([illegible word] Babylonian, c.2000[written above]) which you have in your fine collection, show pipes held anglewise.I should be most grateful to the Director of the Museum if I could have photographs (small would do) of two or three of these terra cottas as illustrated by Dr. Legrain in his \"Terracottas from Nippur\" 1930[title underlined]. Nos. 80 ([illegible]), 88 (double pipe), and 89 (double pipe and drum) are particularly to the points also no. 93 ([illegible]). I should be quite willing to pay all charges with permission to reproduce in my book on the Music of the Sumerians. Again thanking you for your valued interest and with kind regards to Dr. Legrain, I am [illegible] gratefullyFrancis W. Galpin[signature underlined]Due acknowledgement would be given. If the Museums would accept scale facsimiles of these pipes [words as complete written below] I should be pleased to present them.:
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As to the expense of repairing, we are prepared to pay our share.As I consider this matter of repairs to be of the greatest importance, I will ask you to be good enough to give the matter your best attention.Dr. Legrain has told me of the drawings prepared by the Expedition showing the building at Tell el Obeid restored. I am glad that you have had such plans prepared and it illustrates the necessity of having an architect on the Expedition. We are now making our plans for having the Exhibition repeated here. When the collections are sent to Philadelphia for that purpose, the drawings will of course accompany them and while they ate here, we will have copies made and return the originals.Very sincerely yoursDirectorMR. C. LEONARD WOOLEYThe British MuseumLondon:
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As to the [??illegible word??] fragment, you haven't quite understood my point, which was to put it in [??illegible word??] reg. 3 not on[word underlined] the left but so as to make the seated god central: then there would be behind him the 3 figures of the minor 'patio' [??god??], the king & the [??illegible word??]; & in front of him the workmen. A lot here depends on whether the thing fits into the height of the [??register??] &, as I said before, on [??illegible??] then may not be a 'true joint' with the Nin-gal seen in register 2, & this can only be seen on the [??stone??]. I quite admit all your arguments for [??illegible??] parallelism, & a simple seated god at one end wouldn't do. It might go [??four illegible words??] register 3 but I can't help feeling that the stooping figure is a workman-builder. Have another look at it.I'm delighted to hear that the inscription book will be ready in [??illegible word??]: for the archaeological volumes IV, V, & VII are done and VI is in progress. [??illegible??] Archaic Texts is just out in advance copies.YoursLeonard Woolley.:
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As to your request re Sir Arthur Keith, I'll sound him on the subject as soon as possible & let you know: of course he would be an excellent person to secure but I know that he is also a very busy one.I'll write again soon: this is merely to keep you posted. My best regards to your wife & yourself.YoursC. Leonard Woolley [underscored]:
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Ass of a team. Head turned aside. Pellet eyes, Briddle on nose... traces. Hand model_d Rough.
68 X 58 mm [?]:
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Atchana Antakya, Hatay, Turkey December 4, 1948Dear Dr. RaineyYour letter of November 20 has come safely to hand. I am inclined to read between the lines that you are a little worried about the price being so high and uncertain as to the prospects of selling copies in the U.S.A at that price. My own idea was that sales would in any case be small, but that those persons or institutions which had purchased previous volumes would necessarily buy this one even if we charge a higher rate for it. Such purchasers are enough to give us a small profit, buying at 12 dollars, and with luck we might sell more. But although I was glad to get your agreement I did not want to seem to suppress any apprehensions you might feel, so I have written to Forsdyke quoting the pertinent part of your letter; I trust that you will think I was right in doing so. The Oxford Press in New York write to me saying that they could not undertake the distribution of the volume at a rate of discount lower than that charged by the Pennsylvania University Press, which is indeed moderate rather than otherwise in comparison with other firms in America; so though I grudge the discount(which is double that charged in England ) I cannot see that any other than the course previously followed is open to us. I am just coming to the end of my season here. It is indeed a strange dig. We start the day by pumping upwards of 3,000 gallons of water out of the site, and then the men go down in a home-made steel caisson to work up to their knees in slush while pulleys haul up the bucketsful of mud and water until the moment:
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Aug. 2, 1926--p.3grateful. But of course I shall keep my eyes and ears open and do my best to forestall anything of the sort, and I'm very grateful to you for the hint. Yours very sincerely,Leonard WolleyP.S. Reading over the above I'm not sure that I have made it clear how distressed Mrs. Keeling was to learn of these rumors. But I assured her, as I knew you'd wish me to do, that your letter (which of course she has not seen) was written by you in her interst entirely and that apart from her interest you would not have paid any attention to such tales.:
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Aug. 26 1922,BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON: W.C.1.KirksteadGodstoneSurreyAug.24th 1922.My dear Gordon, Many thanks for the copy of your letter of Aug. 22nd to the Trustees of your Museum. It is, I think, quite correct, provided it it understood that we cannot control the share of the discoveries that may be claimed by the Iraq Government. Practically they are not likely, under present conditions to claim much, but legally they are entitled a good representative selection. Even so, there would almost certainly be equally good and complete representative selections for you and us.:
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Aug.2, 1926--p.2to Mrs. Keeling and should be most sorry if she were not coming out again.As a matter of fact she decided last season not to do so, and was going to India instead, because it looked as if there'd be no defineite work for her since Mallowan was to take drawing lessons in the summer; but as it became clear to me that he will not be up to the work yet I strongly urged her to reconsider her decision (and in this Mrs. Mallowan, who takes a keen interest in her son's work, supported me) and a little while ago she agreed, very generously I thought, to give up the plans she had made for India and to come out once more to do the same work as last season and to give Mallowan lessons. He ought to be quite capable of doing the whole work himself next year. In this I acted in what I believe to be the best interests of the expedition, and I couldn't mow ask her not to come without being guilty of a rudeness which I should hate.Lastly (this is a long letter; but since I can't talk to you I must write at length) lastly there's the point which you raise, very considerately, about Mrs. K's own interests in view of the fact that people have gossipped about her presence in the camp. About this I felt that I ought to speak to her, so put off writing to you until I should see her for I was just coming to Oxford to lecture to the British Association and she was coming to stop with an old friend of hers--a trustee of the British Museum- for the same meeting. You know, it's quite difficult to believe that such gossip can exist when one's in this atmosphere of scientific work, with lots of women, by no means all of Mrs. Keeling's age and standing, engaged in positions very similar to hers, when everyone takes the circumstances of the work as a matter of course and is keenly interested in what she is doing: it isn't only that in her case her own University is pleased with the progress of an old student, but everyone feels that it's the right and proper thing. Probably this contrast made the shock greater and Mrs. Keeling was at first very much hurt to think that her name could be so talked about: perhaps that is still the price which women may have to pay for cooperation in scientific work. Of course it's all wrong. i don't mean that archaeologists don't ever marry, and the more happily because many have interests in common; it's not unlikely that at the beginning the possibilities of that was discussed in Iraq and such discussion may have been at the bottom of the tourist gossip you describe: in a small community like that of Iraq discussions are always about personalities, but everyone there now accepts the fact that she is out there for work. Since I am discussing a lady confidentially, I might go further and say that Mrs. Keeling is nearly 40 and has been a widow for over 7 years and, as all her friends recognize, has no intention of remarrying! Moreover I knew that before she came to Ur she sought and acted on the advide of her friends in Baghdad, who are also the best friends of the expedition- and to me, for instance, Miss Gertrude Bell several times said what a good thing it was that she was with us. I am quite sure that in Iraq where, as you know, conditions make a certain amount of freedom for women really necessary, nothing is said to which anyone could object; and I know equally well that over here in scientific circles--as of course with you-- her keeness on the work and her presence in camp are regarded as perfectly natural. About the American tourists, especially those who talk without ever having been to Ur, I only know what you have told me, and that is unpleasant enough and however important and stupid must of course be given a certain weight; but I can't see that to me officially it should count against the good which the expedition gets from Mrs. Keeling's presence, and if she on her side is willing to put up with it in order to help our work forward I can only be the more:
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August 11, 1924My dear Kenyon:I am enclosing a copy of a letter I have just sent to Woolley which will explain itself. After talking with Legrain upon his return and reading Woolley's article in the TIMES on the subject of repairs, it seems most desirable that these repairs should be made under Woolley's supervision. I feel therefore that in the general interest, I must reverse what I said in my letter of June 28, written at a time when I was not fully informed about the condition of the finds and uncertain about the facilities for repairs afforded in London.With regard to the expense involved in these repairs, we will be prepared to pay one half of the entire cost of repairing the year's finds at Ur and El Obeid.I will write you a little later with reference to our plans for an exhibition here of the Expedition's finds. In the meantime, will you let me know whether you will approve of transporting the temporary exhibition from the British Museum to this Museum, including the shares of the two Museums as well as the share of Baghdad? Our temporary exhibition would not interfere with yours as the time for it would come after your exhibition closes.Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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August 11, 1924My dear Woolley:Dr. Legrain has now returned and I have heard what he has to say about the things from Ur and Tell el Obeid and especially about their condition as found and the task involved in their proper repair and preservation. I have also read your article on this subject in the TIMES, and I have referred back to your letter of June 22 in which you say:\"I am preparing and putting them in condition without regard to their ultimate destination. Of course the labour employed means a certain expense to the British Museum bit if that question should be raised at any time, it would not be difficult to solve it in some way or another. The important thing from my point of view is to do what, in some cases, can only be done by me and under my supervision for the repair and preservation of the things I have dug up.\"The point made by you that the objects requiring repair should be treated under your own direct supervision is doubtless correct. I would like to reconsider and reverse what I wrote to the Director of the British Museum on June 28 saying that we preferred to have our own share mended here. When I wrote in that sense I had in mind some statements by you and also by Kenyon that seemed to indicate that you might have difficulty in securing the services of skilled repairers. I hope that may be overcome and if it can, I feel that the mending will be safe under your care. I would be glad to have definite advices from you on the subject. If it is at all possible, I think you should give this matter your careful attention before you leave London.:
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August 13, 1926Dear Woolley:Dr. Legrain tells me that he assembled at my request a box full of bricks from Ur to be distributed among certain people in this country who desired to have samples of Babylonian bricks. I understand that this box of bricks was shipped with the other collections from Ur specially marked. I would be very glad if you would hurry it forward and have it shipped at our expense. I am sorry to trouble you but I should be really obliged to you for your kind attention to this matter.It is one of those cases where it is in the interest of the Expedition to comply with requests of brick manufacturers and others for samples which they can exhibit in their offices. These interests are purely commercial but they are capable at some time of helping the Expedition by contributing to its funds.With my best regards,Very sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.The British MuseumLondon, England:
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August 18, 1934Dear Esdaile:-I have your letter of August 8th and wish to tell you that I forwarded a substantial cheque to the authorities of the Oxford Press on August 3rd and a letter of explanation for the delay in liquidating this account and information in regard to future payments. I also wish to express to you my regret for the embarrassment no doubt caused you, which in the circumstances was unavoidable. I am sorry that you have had to write but feel assured that you will be glad to know that the matter is now in hand.Yours sincerely,Horace H. F. Jayne DIRECTORMr. A. Esdaile, SecretaryThe British Museum London, W.C.1:
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August 2, 1927My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:In a letter addressed by you to Dr.Harrison under date of May 27th you stated thatthe Tell al 'Ubaid volume was ready and would bedelivered very shortly. Since that time, however, we have not had any word of the despatch of the volumes but I suppose we may expect to receive our copies in the near future.I am enclosing herewith draft No. 3407on Messrs. Brown, Shipley & Company, London, drawnto your order, in the sum of £523.12.10. This, according to your letter, covers our share of theexpense of printing and binding the 250 copies ofthe Tell al 'Ubaid volume which are coming to us.We send this remittance to you now with the thoughtthat it may be your wish to make prompt payment tothe Oxford Press upon the completion of their work.I shall be glad to have your acknowledg-ment of the draft at your convenience and also tohear when the volumes will be shipped to us.Very sincerely yoursSecretarySIR FREDERIC KENYON, DirectorThe British MuseumLondonEngland:
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August 2, 1927My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:We have received from Mr. Woolley hisestimate of the expenses for the coming season's workat Ur, which totals £5,000. sterling.With reference to his Staff, Mr. Woolleymakes two suggestions; one is that the salary ofMr. Mallowan be increased from £135 to £200 for theyear and the other is that Mrs. Woolley be appointeda salary of £100. Mr. Woolley also reports on hisneed of a new car and the necessity of making pro-vision for gifts and for emergencies. I have nodoubt that Mr. Woolley has submitter to you an esti-mate similar to the one which he has sent to us.We have given careful consideration tothis estimate of expenses. Before giving ourapproval to it, however, we feel that we shouldconsult with you with reference to the estimatedcost of the Expedition for the coming season andparticularly to the matter of increased expensesas recommended by Mr. Woolley. We would be gladto have your opinion upon the matter of the increasein the salary to £200. a year of Mr. Mallowan andalso on the appointment of Mrs. Woolley as a memberof the Staff of the Expedition.I am authorized to say to you that if Mr. Woolley's estimate of expenses amounting to£5,000. sterling meets with your approval and theBritish Museum is prepared to continue the work atUr for the coming season on the basis of the esti-mate, our Museum is prepared to meet, as heretofore, one half of the cost of the Expedition, and to makerem ittance at such times as may suit the convenienceof its Director.Hoping to have the pleasure of hearing fromyou at your convenience with reference to your plansfor the 1927-28 season's work at Ur, I remainVery sincerely yoursSecretarySIR FREDERIC KENYON, DirectorThe British MuseumLondonEngland:
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August 2, 1929C.Leonard Woolley, Esq., British Museum, LondonMy dear Mr. Woolley:I beg to acknowledge your statement of accounts of the joint expedition for the period February 1 to June 30, and a summary of the expenditures of the past year. I wish herewith to express my agreement with your statement. I have received from Mrs. Dam a most interesting account of the expedition of last seasons finds, and I wish to congratulate you on the success of the expedition as well as to extend my best wished to you and Mrs. Woolley for the coming year. Yours very trulyHorace H. F. Jayne, Director:
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August 20, 1926
Dear Kenyon:
Miss McHugh has told me about the division which was agreeably consummated while she was in London. I want to express my appreciation to yourself and Messrs. Hall, Smith and Gadd for arranging this division at short notice. I presume that you will wish to leave the exhibition intact for the present. There is no immediate need on our part for the share that falls to our lot. With regard to the completion of the division, including the finds of the third campaign, I will write you another letter with reference to that important matter.
Dr. Legrain at my request, assembled at Ur a collection of bricks not needed by either Museum, with the object of enabling this Museum to present these bricks to certain manufacturing interests in The United States who had especially requested examples of bricks from Ur. Dr. Legrain informs me that the bricks that he assembled for this purpose were twenty six in number and were marked with the letters of the alphabet in black ink. These were packed in boxes by themselves and were to have been forwarded to this Museum directly by Woolley upon the arrival of the collections in London. However, they still remain in the British Museum. Miss McHugh got the impression that perhaps Mr. Hall and his assistants understood these marked bricks to have been selected by Dr. Legrain as this Museum's share of the bricks found during the campaign. This, however, is not our understanding of the matter. They were not intended to be in any way related to the division. They would, I suppose, be regarded in the same light as the pottery which Mr. Woolley has heretofore presented to subscribers to the Fund in England. These bricks will not be presented to any of our subscribers, but to certain brick manufacturers who may or may not become subscribers and who have expressed an interest in them.
Although I am very sorry to trouble you in this matter I would be infinitely obliged if you would arrange to have this set of bricks shipped here as soon as may be at our expense.
Very sincerely yours
Director
SIR FREDERIC KENYON
Director:
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August 20, 1931Dear Mr. Jayne:The desk is cleared today, the first time since my return on Monday to my freshly painted quarters; I should really have loved some wild colour, preferably the terracotta, the lavendar, approaching as it does the mauve would xxxx of course have been fatal. The surroundings are cheerful and I was delighted with the changed appearance.There is not much news to send you. The auditors are here adding and subtracting and no doubt hoping that they will find that we have gotten off with some funds. Yesterday I had a visit from Mr. Borie and Mr. Michael; the latter making a friendly call and the former bent upon what he called research work to prove that the Athenians were a dark, highly coloured, not a light people. He wants to find that they were a rosy race so that he may get some reds and browns and purples on architectural features on the Parkway Museum. His associates are fighting for the blonds but Mr. Borie will have none of them. Mrs. Dohan is with the associates, so I imagine Mr. Borie will travel afield for support since he has gotten none here.I am canvassing prospects for Woolley who is now in Maine. He called on the long distance on Tuesday where he was visiting Mrs. Belmont, from her home he goes to Mr. Lamont's--I haven't heard who is the third victim.Speiser is off to Europe and carried his L/C with him; all is ready for Beidler when he appears and I shall take care of Mr. Miller who is planning to spend next week in Cape May and who is still awaiting Rowe's cable. Mason is off today for the Field Museum and early next week the fity four Marajo pots which he and Miss Butler selected for exchange with the Field Museum will follow him. I pray that Mason wont selected potsherds only for our share in the deal. I trust him not. No word yet from Mr. Appleget. Mr. Johnson, Mr. McMichael tells me, is back in Philadelphia fitting out his new yacht. The new Miss Thompson appears to have come up to your standart for Mrs. Dam has engaged her to come to us on the 8th of September with the understanding that it may be only be temporary.We shall plug away at the installation, but these summer holidays are a terrible handicap and on the day that William Milton's vacation came to an end he lifted a hundred pound woman from a wheel chair into a car, wrenched his back and has been in bed since. If only he had tried his strength at the beginning instead of at the end of the holiday, it would have be better for us. Well another ten days will see most of the force back on duty and we can then forge ahead. We shall make some progress I am sure,:
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August 3, 1926 Dear Kenyon: I am sending you by first class post a package containing the following items. (A) A series of plates of copies of historical texts from Ur. (B) Manuscript of transcriptions and translations of these texts. These are Dr. Legrain's part of the first volume of cuneiform texts from Ur. You will find in the same package a memorandum on the catalogue and numbers. With best regards, Very sincerely yours SIR FREDERIC KENYON Director The British Museum London, England:
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August 4, 1927My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:Since mailing my letterto you dated August 2nd with refer-ence to the Al 'Ubaid volume I havereceived a note from the UniversityPress, Oxford stating that they areforwarding to us four cases contain-ing 250 copies of this first volumeof the series on the work of our Joint Expedition in Mesopotamia. Iam sending this line to you with thehope that it may reach you in time to save you the trouble of answeringmy question about the despatch ofthe volumes by the Press. I remainVery sincerely yoursSecretarySIR FREDERIC KENYONDirector The British MuseumLondon, England:
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August 5, 1924Dear Woolley:I have received your letter of July 4 enclosing the proper papers for the entry of the package of antiques sent by you on approval. I have also acknowledge your letter of July 24.We have received from you in time past accounts of the Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia up until April 30. Of the subsequent accounts of the Expedition we have received nothing from you. Will you be good enough upon receipt of this to send us the accounts of the Expedition up until June 30, the end of the financial year?I have heard from Legrain and we are expecting him here this week.I am glad to know that the exhibition is proving so successful and that your lectures also cause so much interest.Very sincerely yoursDirectorMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYThe British MuseumLondon:
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August 5, 1926 Dear Woolley: I regret that you are having difficulty in locating the coloured drawings of the pottery from Tell el Obeid which you require. You mention that you think there were six in all. These were not received at this Museum. As you seem to think that I may have made a mistake, I am sending you all the drawings of pottery that we have received; that is to say, I am sending you in all four drawings, two coloured ones of pottery, one pen drawing of pottery and one coloured drawing of a piece of agate. These drawings are by Mr. Newton, but there is nothing to indicate where they are from. I have taken them to be from Ur. They are all the drawings of the kind that we have received.Very truly yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ. The British Museum London, England:
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August 5, 1927My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:I am acknowledging your letter of July 19thaddressed to President Harrison because he is ill athis home at the present time and is unable to attendto any business matters whatever. It is our hopethat he will again be able to take up the work forthe Museum to which he has given so generously of histime and energy. At the present we must carry on aswell as we can without his kindly guidance.I wrote you on August 2nd with reference to Mr. Woolley's estimate of expenses for the comingseason's work at Ur and to his recommendationsconnected therewith. As your letter to Dr. Harrisongives your approval to Mr. Woolley's estimate we willnow proceed with our arrangements for making provisionfor the 1927-28 expedition to Ur.After a conference with our Vice President, Mr. McMichael, I want to say to you that it is ourwish that this Museum share in the grant of £50. toMrs. Woolley for the work done by her for the Expe-dition. We feel also that it would be proper to in-crease the salary of Father Burrows to £200. to enablehim to buy Assyriological works for the Expedition.It is our understanding that both of these items ofexpense can be taken care of by Mr. Woolley in hisfrant [handwritten correction of \"f\" to\"g\"] of £5,000.Your letter to Dr. Harrison reached us only today. It was addressed to the University of Michiganand its delivery to us was therefore delayed some six or seven days. I shall take an early opportunity of going:
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August 5, 1930My dear Mr. Woolley:Thank you for your letter of June 18 which, because of a very busy season, I have been over-long answering. I do look forward to visiting Ur again when you are there. Our visit was most interesting though it would have been ever so much more so had you been there, but we were so late in deciding to go to Iraq that we particularly did not tell you of our coming so that you would not delay your leaving.I note the possibility of an increase of two hundred and fifty pounds on our share of next season's budget, and I have already made provision to take care of it. It is inconvenient that we must make up our budget at the end of June when the various expeditions' plans are still being formulated, but I am indebted to you for sending me this provisional estimate.I am delighted you are agreeable to having your report in the Antiquaries' Journal reproduced in the Journal. If you will send the manuscript on as soon as it is ready we can arrange that you see the proof before publication.I wish you the best success with your radio broadcasts, and with your work on the publication of the cemetery.Yours sincerely,Horace H. F. Jayne. Director.C. Leonard Woolley, Esq.British MuseumLondon, England:
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August 7, 1928Sir Frederic KenyonDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, EnglandDear Sir:I am sending you enclosed herewitha draft in the sum of £559-12-6 in paymentof our share of the cost of ROYAL INSCRIPTION.The cases containing our copies of this publi-cation arrived safely a few days ago.We have just received the electro-type copy of the dagger and the manicure set,the originals of which are in Baghdad.Very respectfully yours:
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August 9, 1928H.R. Hall, Esq.Department of Egyptian andAssyrian AntiquitiesThe British MuseumLondonDear Sir:As Miss McHugh istaking her vacation I wish toacknowledge the receipt of your letter of July 28 addressedto her and also of the replicasof the gold dagger and sheathand the manicure set whicharrived in good condition earlythis week.Very truly yours:
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£ s d brought forward, 755. 5. 11½F. Living Expenses Wages of house servants 7. 10. 0 ----- ----- ----- ----- Foodstuffs; stock from Baghdad 26. 5. 8. ----- Food from Ur & Nasiriyah, ----- petty cash acct. 13. 6. 6.G. Salaries ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- C. L. Woolley, 4 months 266. 13. 4 ----- ----- M. E. L. Mallowan, 4 months 66. 15. 4. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- TOTAL EXPENSES £1135. 14. 9. [OK]:
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£ s d Brought forward 505. 17. 9F) WORKING EXPENSES AT UR. Water contract for four months, 20. 12. 6 Present to Sheikh 50. 0. 0. Spades, baskets and waterpots 4. 12 4 Petrol 12. 0 Varia 5. 0. Stamps and telegrams 1. 1. 1. Small antikas, 18. 5.G) WAGES. Wages of guards for four months 83. 0. 0 Hamoudi, retaining fee for four months 12. 0. 0. Wages paid out to workmen, Oct. 27. 31. 1. 8.H) SALARIES. C. L. Woolley, for four months 266. 13. 4. M. E. L. Mallowan. ditto 66. 13. 4. ----------------- TOTAL £1043. 7. 5. -----------------:
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£ s dExpenses as shewn 598. 4. 0[note: figure shown above is partially struck out and hand-corrected to read:] 614 12 0Less, by refund on travelling expenses (November report) £.1. 15. 6 by sales of reports 12. 2. 6 [subtotal] 13. 18. 0 13. 18. 0 Total expenditure from grant 584. 6. 0[note: figure shown above is partially struck out and hand-corrected to read:] 600 14 0:
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£ s. d. Carried forward 924. 0. 9.F. SALARIES. C. L. Woolley, for 3 months 200. 0. 0. A. S. Whitburn, 62. 0. 0. Rev. E. Burrows, for season, 150. 0. 0. M. E. L. Mallowan, for season, 100. 0. 0. TOTAL, 1436. 0. 9.OK:
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B- Fem. slanding
A. Mould. : seat_d god & nude goddess:
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B-only half of group:
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B.
Chair. Relief on back: 8 rectan-
gles on lower half. 2 stars on upper half w. 2 crescent moons. 2 birds, and in the middle a tree.:
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B.
Fr_t
Beard_d man. profile. Monkey on
sh. Long garment. Cap on head.
Rope to monkey neck.-
Holds staff (?) in rt h.
cf. U.6855.:
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B.
Fr_t Bedstead
Tree between 2 gazelles-Demarcation line in relief. 4 triangles w. foliage. between.:
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B. complete. end bent round - Greenish clay Clay nail:
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B/L No. 22apparent good order and condition by UNIVERSITY MUSEUMphia on board the steamship LONDON EXCHANGEof merchandise stated to be marked, numbered and described in this bill of lading ( weight, measure, brand, contents, quality and value unknown),any port or ports ( for loading or discharging or for any other purpose), and as otherwise provided herein, AND DELIVERED TO ORDER OFR, THE BRITISH MUSEUM at LONDON ENGLAND VIA NEW YORK or as near there to as she may safely get).LONDON ENGLAND.ND PRIMAGE PAYABLE AT PHILADELPHIATHREE bills of lading ...TH day of JULY 1927 [signature]:
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Baby's head on shoulder?
cp. 6898
From Rubbish, beneath. Neo - Bab. part Nebuabadan Temple.
Nude fem. fig. - Wig - Supports baby at breast, 3 necklaces :
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backing had disappeared and the bitumen which had fastened the inlay to the board was reduced to powder with no more powers of adhesion. The bitumen was hardened with wax and the copper border framing the relief was thoroughly strengthened, and the panel was lifted intact. It shows five oxen, carved in white shell and set against a mosaic background formed of pieces of bitumen paste; the whole is quite perfect. The panel not only illustrates Sumerian art in a combination of materials which one would never have expected to recover in good condition from a soil generally so adverse to the preservation of antiquities, but it proves that art to have possessed a technical quality which in the fifth millennium B.C. can only be called amazing. Later, a similar panel with six cattle was recovered, also complete, but in less perfect condition, as the whole panel had buckled in the middle at the time of its fall, and several of the pieces of inlay have been pushed out of position; it needs more work than I can afford to put in here to restore the pieces to their place, but the panel will be just as fine a thing as the first. A third panel, exactly similar, is less complete; three bulls are intact, but of the other two the background has fallen away and the animals themselves are separated from their setting; this piece therefore needs a certain amount of reconstruction. Another smaller fragment has two bulls, carved in stone instead of in shell, and the head of one of these is missing. The finest of all, though unluckily it is carved in stone instead of in shell and is consequently rougher in execution, is no less than 1.15m. long. When found, the two ends were bent out of the straight and some of the inlay there had started from its position and a few pieces were missing; these ends have been straightened out and the inlay replaced. The relief shows on the left a group of four men engaged in the straining and storing of some liquid, wine, oil or clarified butter; in the centre is a byre built of reeds, with spears set up against the door-posts, out of which come two heifers; on the right are two groups of men milking cows into long slender vases; in front of each cow is a calf, its head muzzled with rope to prevent it from being suckled. The panel, with its genre subject, is most unusual and of the greatest interest.Found close to this last, and probably originally forming part of the same frieze (though its copper frame, not shown in my photograph, is rather wider than that of the animal scenes) was a limestone plaque showing a man-headed bull with a bird on its back, the whole carved in low relief; this is much more characteristic of Sumerian art as it was known to us before the discovery of the Tell el Obeid panels and reliefs, but of such it is an excellent illustration, and the subject, obviously religious, is not without considerable interest. Also more in the known Sumerian style is an engraving on shell, unfortunately fragmentary, of a bull seen against a background of branches and foliage; this was found astray in the debris, and its connection with any scheme of decoration cannot be guessed. A remarkable discovery, due to the rains disintegrating the heavy clods of mud brick, was that of a large gold scaraboid, fifteen millimetres long, engraved on the back with the name of A-an-ni-pad-da, the builder of the Nin-Khursag temple in the First Dynasty of Ur. It is really rather a sensational find, and the form of the bead will appeal strongly to Egyptologists.The graves continue to produce great quantities of plain pottery, stone vases, copper vessels and tools, etc. The finest single object found so far is a long copper pin with a head formed of a sphere of lapis lazuli capped with gold. The scheletral remains are better preserved than was the case in the graves dug earlier in the season, and I hope to send home soon for scientific examination a number of skulls and other bones, for whose immediate export I have obtained the sanction of the Iraq authorities.:
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Baghdad April 20Dear Mr Gordon[?Herewith?] a copy of the Antiquities Law. Yes I think this season at Ur was very satisfactory & the best find - the relief of Ur Ungur building the Ziggurrat - has gone to the excavators. I considered that we could not deal with it properly here. I do not think I shall be in England this year until the autumn. I may possibly go for August & September. But if you are in London, telephone please in case I'm there. Yours very sincerelyGertrude Bell.:
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Baghdad March 8. 1925The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has now closed down for the season after four successful months. The end would have come sooner, for funds were exhausted, but generous friends in this country have given their help to the British Museum and their contributions, met by Philadelphia with an equal sum, have enabled us to carry on the work for a full month extra. It is peculiarly gratifying that thise last month should have produced the most interesting results and the finest objects of the whole year.In this alluvial land where mud and bricks are the only building material and stone of any sort is a rarity far-fetched and dear-bought one does not hope to find such things as the sculptured door-jambs and carved wall-panels that graced the palaces of Assyrian kings in the far North of Mesopotamia; the most one may expect - and seldom is the expectation realised - is a statue in the squat and heavy Sumerian style fashioned from a natural boulder of diorite. But in excavations it is the unexpected that happens, and this month we have found strewn over the floor of a courtyard which we were laboriously clearing fragments, themselves large enough to be reckoned as monuments, of one of the greatest and most splendid works of art in stone that Mesopotamia has yet produced.Last year we laid bare the Ziggurat of Ur, the huge tower of the Moon god set up by king Ur-Engur about two thousand three hundred years before Christ; now we have, beautifully carved in relief upon a limestone slab which when complete was five foot across and nearly fifteen feet high, the portrait of its builder and his own record of its conception and achievement. In one scene the king receives from his god the order to build the tower;- the god holds out to him the rod and line of the architect, the measuring-reed and the flaxen line with which Ezekiel, an exile by the waters of Babylon, [indecipherable] saw planned out the city and temple of his dreams. In another scene Ur-Engur shows his obedience by appearing before the god carrying all the tools of the mason, ready himself to lay the first brick of the ziggurat; in another, of which unfortunately but a few small fragments remain, we see the actual construction in progress with the builders carrying the mortar up ladders which are set against the unfinished walls. In other scenes the king celebrates other of his good deeds; he was a great digger of canals, some for irrigation only, others for trade, that ships might pass from Ur to the Persian Gulf and take toll of the Arabian coast; the list of such canals is written on the stone and the blessing that they brought to the people is symbolically shown by a scenes wherein the king stands in prayer before the god and above his head angels fy fly downwards holding out vases from which streams of water descend upon the earth. Scenes of sacrifice and of music illustrate the piety and the triumphs of the great founder of the Third Dynasty of Ur. Broken as it is and in parts much damaged, thi stela ranks as one of the two finest works of Sumerian art known and in dramatic interest is surpassed by none.The discovery was made in the courtyard of [indecipherable] E-dublal-makh, one of the most important of the ancient shrines of Ur. In a previous report I describ the excavation of its upper levels; now it has been cleared down to the pavements laid by Kuri-galzu king of Babylon about the sixteenth century B.C., and only the Ziggurat itself is a more imposing ruin. Through side chambers and gateways which still stand to over the height of a man the visitor passes into a great paved cour at one end of which the little shrine rises high on its pedestal of pannelled bric work to dominate the buildings all around, from a corner of the court a flight of steps leads up to the terrace on which the Ziggurat is built, another gateway form the end of a paved street leading to the temple of Nin-Gal, the Moon god's wife.:
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BAGHDAD.D/28th. February, 1927.For release Monday Morning April 11thThe Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania at Ur of the Chaldees closed down work on February 19th.It was disappointing that the shortage of funds compelled us to stop so untimely soon, but there was nothing disappointing in the results we had achieved. The three weeks of February were spent in digging out more of the graves described in my last report, and it became clearer as work went on, first that every advance into the mound brought us to a richer part of the cemetery, secondly that we were dealing with three different periods represented by stratification much better preserved in the area now being dug than where we began our excavations.In the topmost level we find graves - only a few are left - which can be dated to about 2600 B.C., for in two of them occurred cylinder seals inscribed with the names of members of the household of the daughter of Sargon of Akkad; the lady became High Priestess of the Moon God at Ur and dedicated in the temple of Ningal an alabaster relief which was one of the prizes of our last season. Below these graves came others similar in character but earlier in date; the dead were laid in coffins of basket-work or, more simply, in holes lined with matting, but the objects deposited with them differ from those in the upper stratum. From this level we obtained a historical document of the first importance, nothing less than the lapis lazuli cylinder seal of Nin-Kur-Nin the wife of Mesannipadda, founder of the First Dynasty of Ur. Three years ago at Tell el Obeid the Expedition discovered the foundation-tablet and gold seal of A-an-ni-pad-da, the second king of the dynasty, and thereby restored to history a line of kings often regarded as mythical: now A-an-ni-pad-da's father becomes a real person attested by material proof and at the same time we gain an approximate date for our second level; the cylinder belongs to the end of the series and the graves fall between 3200 and 3100 B.C.Below these comes a blank stratum and then a distinct series of graves much older and much richer than the rest. With them are associated clay tablets inscribed with a semi-pictographic script and seals bearing the names of kings unrecorded in any history; the difference in level and the change in writing both demand a considerable lapse of time and the lower graves must be as early as 3500 B.C. As for their richness it is enough to say that for three weeks not a day passed without gold objects being found.It/35:
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Baghdad.March 28. 1926.To the Director,Sir,I have the hounour to report to you as follows on the conclusion of the season work of your Expedition at Ur.Having a fortnight at my disposal after the real programme of the year was over I decided to embark on some experimental work with a view to testing the ground and thereby fixing a programme for next season. The site chosen was a large mound lying outside the SE wall of the Nebuchadnezzar Temenos, towards its south end; my reasons for selecting it were first that the Dungi building found at the beginning of the year extended in this direction under the Temenos Wall, secondly that Dr. Hall, digging on the flank of the mound in 1918, had discovered tablets with religious texts, and thirdly that the mound is the largest and most imposing in the immediate neighborhood of the Temenos. Clearly the mound had to be dug; its excavations would prove to be a whole season's work, and it was well to get some knowledge of it before starting on a big scale.The surface buildings proved to be just such as Dr. Hall had found, small houses of a private sort running along both sides of two narrow lanes; they were formed each of only two or three little rooms and were evidently those of the lower middle class of the city's population. Under nearly every room we found graves, both clay larnax burials and brick tombs with arched or corbelled roofs, containing numerous bodies and tomb furniture in the shape of clay pots, beads, cylinder seals and occasional bronze things; they dated, like the houses with which they were contemporary, form the time of the First Babylonian Dynasty, and though the objects were not of very great interest in themselves they did serve an extremely purpose in that they filled in a gap in our chronological list of pottery shapes, a list which is now becoming long and will be the basis for future dating of Mesopotamian:
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Baked clay animal head.
Clay eye inlaid.
Roaring lion (or bellowing camel?)
Sketch:
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Baked clay fig. crudely h. model_d. Nude Fem. to the hips only, pellet. breasts/one missing, the nose pinched to a beak, the hair attached by a clay ribbon. the arms wing - like.:
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Baked clay pig (?sheep?):
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Bathwick HillBathJune 28. 1927.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statement of the accounts of your Expedition for the period February 1st to April 30th 1927. I must apologise for the delay in sending these in, which is in large measure due to the fact that certain accounts were not presented to me until lately. The account for the whole financial year will follow very shortly, and with it I propose to submit my estimates for the coming season.I do not think that there are any items calling for special comment. But since there has been in the past criticism of the payments to guards, which are indeed heavy, I might remark that this expenditure is perhaps justified by present circumstances; the finding of so much gold last season made the Iraq Government very anxious as to the safeguarding of the site during our absence but I feel fairly confident that the position has been made so secure by past payments that, without any extra cost or special precautions, plundering will be stopped. Trusting that you will be satisfied by my statementI have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signed] C. Leonard WoolleyDirector of the Joint Expedition of the BritishMuseum and of the Museum of the University ofPennsylvania to Mesopotamia.:
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be able to get authorization for such further expenditureas may seem necessary; so I shall probably cable to you after that.The London Times got so excited about the accountgiven in the Philadelphia and New York papersabout the discoveries at Ur, that [?] they called their New York correspondent to interview me, and by now I suppose he has called them something.But really there isn't anything much to say yet. If Woolley's January report shows substantial(?)progress, I see no harm in letting it be known.It will help to raise money.Yours sincerely,F.G. Kenyon[?]:
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be as well to find out now so that I can buy if buying is necessary. I'm hoping to return to Philadelphia on Wednesday [??evening] but am more likely to be kept over until Thursday, and I'm going to make bold to ask whether I may come to you, straight away, & then make peace with John [??illegible];! but if it's not convenient do please say so.Yours sincerelyC. Leonard Woolley:
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be comprehensive. in this connexion[sic] it has occurred to me that you might possibly be able to tell me something of what he did in the short time that he acted (as Curator?) in your Department. There is no necessity for detail, but if you could point to anything, especially of a meritorious nature, that he accomplished at the time for the Museum, it would be a welcome addition to my material, and I should be most grateful.With my thanks in advance, and every good wish, I remainYours very sincerely,C.J.Gadd:
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be made in London.Gadd and myself will exchange the copies and translations of texts we made respectively - He the first and 2nd year, myself the 3rd and 4rd - in order to read and check them with the originals wherever they are. and put some unity in the publication.These recommandations have been handed to Dr. Hall (H.E) who is really the keeper of the department and the authority so far as texts are concerned. By all means he must not be ignored. He will foreward his conclusions higher till they reach you.When Woolley arrives he will have his say - Personnally I think the \"joint volume\" is the proper thing - even if my contribution is larger - for all sort of reasons I need not to explain.On my way here I visited North Africa from Algiers to Tunis and enjoyed it very much despite an unusual cold weather - as soon as I have seen Woolley I will go back to France and sail from Havre about the middle of May after visiting my family in Paris and Versailles.I expect you have done wonder in the new wing and I am anxious to see the Ur section - I know you do not spare your work and I am sure of your good taste.My respects to Dr. Gordon, and best regards to allYours sincerlyL. Legrain:
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be worth while I should like the photograph too.Sorry to worry you, but I think that this does really complete the sum of what I need.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [with flourish]:
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Bead_d man. H. model_d Crescent mark on r. shoul bared. shawl over left shoulder-round head flat)d above. Pinch)d nose. Pellet eyes Turban band of clay w 3 lines on incised marks- no mouth-Beard added piece of clay incised- edge of shawl over l. shoulder is added pieces of clay w 2 pellets Leud brickry.
R. arm. hanging -bracelet added
l. arm to breast-- " incised
Fringes of shawl round body, marked by incised vertical lines.
Crescent of Moon. worshiper (time of Crudea:) amorik influence? added & missing only trace left. :
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Bead_d man. H. model_d. Crescent mark on r. shoul bared. Shawl over left shoulder.- Round head flat_d above. Pinch_d nose. Pellet eyes. Turban band of clay w 3 lines on incised marks. No mouth- beard. Added piece of clay incis_d- edge of shawl over l. shoulder an added piece of clay w 4 pellets [embroidery R. arm. hanging - bracelet added. L. arm to breast- .. incised. Fringes of shawl round body, marked by incised vertical lines. Crescent of moon worshipper. (time of Crudea?) Amorite influence? Added & missing only trace left
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Bearded god w. Turban, hands clasped seated. The little moulded fig. has been stuck when moist on a hand moulded chair w. 4 short feet and a high back. The turban has a double twist. :
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Bearded God- w cow's ears. Horned mithe- Braided locks- Facing legs in profile.- Left hand against breast- Rt. hand hanging at side, hold_g...? Skirt opening in front. :
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Beardless male(?) w. flounc_d dress (or neckl.):
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Beard_d deity, drap_d, hold_g 2
objects.
Head. miss_g:
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Beard_d Fig. cap & body glazed green. Head & sh. only. Drab. :
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Beard_d god carrying mace & axe.
Type VII 3. :
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Beard_d god full face, hold_g
2 clubs (?)
Broken off below waist:
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Beard_d God full face. Against his left arm & side head of a snake rampant. From waist up. :
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Beard_d God w horn_d crown
flounc_d sleev_d dress-carry_g
a flail.
Broken above knees:
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Beard_d God w horn_d headd.
facing l. (head full face) & grasping a staff.
Probably bull-leg_d demon.:
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Beard_d god w. h. headd.
Lost below waist. :
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Beard_d god w. prominent breasts.
Fine model_g :
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Beard_d god, 3 horn_d cap.
hold_g over sh. mace in rt. axe in l.:
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Beard_d God- Type VIII. 4.
A. Broken below waist: : 31-43-454
B " " "
C = (separate card.)
D-broken below hands-h.65.smaller.
C-Broken off at hips. God. h.110
Idem-31-16-917:
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Beard_d god.:
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Beard_d God. Type VII. 5.
A- Broken at waist
B- " Knees:
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Beard_d God: Type VII. 2.
Fr_t face only-Diff_t mould.:
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Beard_d male cloth_d Part of Face, beard, & legs broken away. :
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Beard_d male fig. h. clasp_d Braided hair. Flowing cloak over left. sh. Eyes mouth ears nose prominent. Sketch:
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Beard_d male w. club on rt. sh.:
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Beard_d male. Snowm. Techmiq.
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Beard_d male. snowm. techniq.:
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Beard_d man advanc_g rt. hold_g bow in l. h. :
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Beard_d man in the round Head dr. unusual Greenish drab. :
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Beard_d man in the round. Head dr. unusual. Greenish drab.
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Beard_d man w. horn_d headd & pleated skirt, hold_g emblem
Mould_d, drab. :
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Beard_d man, horn_d cap, carry_g
2 axes (?) against sh. (cp. u.1007
Osiris style) Greenish clay
Broken below elbow.
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Beard_d man, horn_d cap, hold_g
2 objects against sh. (Cairid fashion)
Flounc_d skirt. Mended-Whitish:
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Beard_d man, profile.. Close fit_g
cap-long garm_t-Hold_g whip (?) in l. hand., thong hanging over sh.
r. arm slightly upraised.
Bare arms. Long beard.
Hair in a knot (?) at back.:
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Beard_d man, stand_g full face. Full face. hands above o. just below the beard. Body nude. Beard &hair m Egypt. Style. Broken. below waist
hands above . just below the beard. Body nude.
Beard & hair in Egypt style.
Broken below waist. :
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Beard_d man. Long straight dress w. fring_d skirt. :
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Beard_d man. profile, heavy hair
cloak over l. sh. In rt. h. carries
Flail over sh. whitish.:
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Beard_d man. w kilt, advance_g.
rt.-In his rt. h. an axe:
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Bed w. string mattress
complete.:
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Bed, w. string or reed mattress broken in 2.- No head. :
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Bed- Corners project_g-
String mattress render_d by incis_d lines. :
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Bed- Mattress from a mould in relief.
One leg broken. :
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Bed.. whereon a fem fig in flounc_d skirt, h. to breasts, headless, is seated.
Top miss_g:
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Bedstead. Drab.
Stamp_d ball decor_n. Lines drawn by h.
2 legs only remain- Slight_y hollow_d:
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Bedstead. Reddish.
3 feet broken:
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been exposed. We were getting, for the first time in Mesopotamian archaeology, the lower terraces ad subsidiary buildings attached to a ziggurat tower; already there was evidence of frequent alteration and re-building, and it was necessary to go more slowly.The problem of a second site thus became pressing,- especially as the Ziggurat dig, for all its interest, is not likely to produce much in the shape of museum objects. I have therefore spent four days (employing 50 men) on cutting a trial trench across a small mound just outside the SW wall of the Temenos and close to dr. Hall's Site \"A\". I was attracted to this by the finding on the surface of a brick stamped with the name of an unknown patesi, and meant to be guided by the results of the trench-digging whether to excavate the whole mound or to abandon and start work on the supposed site of the Third Dynasty palace. The trench has produced successive building strata going back through the Larsa kings to Ibi-Sin of the Third Dynasty; the mention of a temple of the Sun god set up by the High Priest En-an-na-tum in the reign of Gungunu is interesting, but I am not yet sure that it will be worth while to carry on the work here as depths are considerable and the buildings perhaps of only secondary importance.No objects of merit have as yet been found.I enclose a brief statement of accounts to date; I should perhaps say that this is hardly illuminating, as only actual disbursements are shewn, and a certain number of charges upom the Exhibition fall due only monthly; my monthly accounts will therefore prove of more use in calculating the financial position of the Expedition.:
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been reduced to ruins, and when Nebuchadrezzar undertook his great works of restoration at Ur he must have had almost a clear field to deal with. It is true that he too did re-use some fragments of the old walls still standing, for in one of the doorways we found, high up, two of the brick boxes which it was the pious custom to put beneath the threshold with in them the inscribed figurines of the protecting gods; alas! the builder's piety did not go far, for the boxes, though intact, were empty; but the bricks bore Nebuchadrezzar's name, and so gave us information if nothing more: but Nebuchadrezzar's pavement lay six feet above the old courtyard level, and the walls that we have found owe their preservation to having been buried below his foundations.Apart from a few inscriptions, door-sockets and clay cones bearing a building-inscription of Arad-Sin (c. 2160 B.C.) no small objects have been found on this site. For such we are indebted rather to an outlying part of the ancient city, whence we have obtained a remarkably interesting series of terra cotta figurines and reliefs as well as beads and pottery, cylinder seals and inscribed cones. From the last, which record the digging of canals by Ur-Engur (c.2350 B.C.) and the building of a temple by Enannatum (c. 3000 B.C.) we gather that there was hereabouts a temple of Ishtar which gave its name to that quarter of the town; and it is noteworthy that the bulk of the terra cottas represent this goddess, either in the crudely naked form which is the commonest throughout the Babylonian world, or as the Mother with her baby, or draped and crowned as the Queen goddess. Gods are represented as well, often with new attributes and in unfamiliar guise, and frogs and snakes and monkeys are not uncommon. These objects all come from tombs of the Third Dynasty period (c. 2300 - 2000 B.C.), not from a temple, but the tomb furniture seems to have been influenced by the associations of the neighbourhood. Certainly from them a great deal should be learnt about the iconography of the Babylonian religion.I hope next month to describe the Ziggurat or staged tower of Ur, on the clearance of which we have a hundred and seventy men hard at work.UR.January 31. 1924.:
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Bellum boat. Broken- Red:
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Bellum- one end broken:
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Below a dog necklace (ponctuated) a second necklace with central heavy bead. Hair on shoulders and ears, marked by six horizontal stripes, flat above, tied w. a band above the eye brows.
Strong features: eyes, nose, chin, mouth. - Large hips & shoulders
Legs joined w/o a point.
Moulded plaque.
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below Dungi wall.
Fr_t Beard_d man hold_g sheath in left hand.:
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Below surface.
bust
Nude worshiper, w. clasped hands & crossed thumbs - Three lines rope belt.
Long beard & waved hair, drawn past the ears, and tied w. a. band; hangs in curls on shoulders
Broken legs.
Moulded -
Not unlike Bab. god. Nabu :
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ber that they are more remote in time from Nebuchadnezzar than Nebuchadnezzar is from us and two thousand years or more older than the treasures of Tutankhamnen with which they challenge comparison.The most beautiful object is a dagger of gold and lapis lazuli. The hilt is made of one piece of deep blue stone decorated with studs of gold, the blade is of gold, sharp and bright, the sheath, also of gold, is plain at the back but in front covered with an exquisite design in filigree. With this was found a golden reticule also decorated with filigree containing a tiny toilet-set, tweezers stiletto and spoon, all of gold. Close by these and possibly connected with them there were masses of copper tools and weapons and with them two chisels, an adze and a spear all of gold, while mixed up in the soil there were the gold bindings of the axe handles, fragments of bows bound with gold, and quantities of beads and pendants in gold, lapis lazuli and carnelian. From a different and later grave came a very beautiful fragment of inlay work, little shell plaques engraved with figures of animals and set in a frame of pink and blue stone, and from an earlier tomb a \"draught-board\" of similar materials but with geometrical design instead of animal figures, [undecipherable] richly inlaid with lapis and red paste. Isolated engraved plaques have been produced by other graves, but for the first time we have these delightful little objects preserved in their original setting, gay with colour, and can rightly appreciate their decorative effect.[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"29\" opens here and includes the rest of the text on this page] In the three last weeks we have found clinder seals bearing the names of no less than five early kings of whom three were unknown to history while the other two have afforded accurate dating for our graves; we have discovered the finest and the earliest exapl examples of gold-work[note\" a circled numeral \"39\" is written at the bottom center of the page]:
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Berad_d [man initially indicated then crosses out and replaced by] God hold_g goblet-Fine design
Broken at hips-Rt. arm mostly miss_g:
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Bes
[54 indicated upper top right of note then crossed out]
17 6iJ
From Sargon down:
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Besides Mr Woolley has put apart for work, a box of seal impressions on clay. That material is still undivided, common property of the three Museums. I understand that Dr Jordan will claim his share after publication. In the same way, twelve trays of tablets of the third Ur Dynasty will be sent to Phila, to be studied and published with the portion already there. I was well received - as usual - by the Director Dr Hill and by curators and friends Sydney Smith and Gadd. Thursday I found Woolley and spent the next to days in his office reading proofs of the chapter on seals, to be part of the larger volume on the cemetery. The volume is nearly finished. The plates are made. The coloured plates are very pleasant. There will be one volume of text and one of plates and every one is anxious to see the new volume out. It is full of informations and fine picture. I had dinner, lunch and tea with all of them in succession and we exausted the subject of publications.There are other causes of trouble in the new attitude of the Iraq Government and press, as I understand. But you will know already by official communication. The prospect of further dig is uncertain. I even met professor Langdon and we had a good talk, while drinking ale a little above 3.2. He was shocked to hear that Prof. Chiera was dead, and also Dougherty which news he heard for the first time. Mr Glenville who lectured last year at Phila, leaves the museum to accept a position of Professor at London University. He wants to be remembered to Mr Gunn.The London fogs have not yet materialised. But I take no chances and gargle with carbolic acid every:
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Best wishes for the new year, and many thanks for the Christmas cards which you kindly thought of sending to my girls. They were much appreciated.Yours sincerely[signature]F.G. Kenyon.:
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Beyond Railway.
Mare head. Lime st. Frit. - 3 Frt_s - originally glazed - Decorated w. 4 entwined snakes. :
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Beyrouth Hotel Continental Oct. 21st 1924Dear Dr. GordonThe trip to Baghdad is proceeding very satisfactorily. I am sailing tomorrow, Wednesday 22nd at 8.30 AM. towards Damascus and the city of thousand and one nights across the desert. Hoping for the best! I did not stop in Egypt but arrived here on Oct. 11th by the Lotus, the same S.S. I boarded in Marseille. She stopped two days in Alexandria, one in Port Said, one in Jaffa.[Page 4] last Sunday by rail and road picking up an automobile at Baghdad. The trip across the Mountain was delightful, and the road just dangerous enough, to give you a thrill. I just begin to like archaeology in the field- the band in the Beyrouth Casino is all right, and the gin and mixed not bad. Limmel is just arrived this Tuesday night, 7 P.M. We spent the day in a convenient automobile ride to [?Djebail?] to visit Montel's excavation. Please give my regards to all and my love to some round about and believe me yours sincerely, L. Legain:
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Bird - H- model_d - Coarsl_y engrav_d :
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Bird - hand model_d, engrav_d :
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Bird - poor specimen :
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Bird rattle - on pedestal
Reddish. Broken in two - Contain_g 3 pebbles. Head broken.:
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Bird- on pedestal
Head missing :
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Birds - Rough_y h-model_d
several- similars :
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Bitumen object. Perhaps staff head?:
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Blue Glazed Frit Pendant Hole in sides. Moulded :
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Blue glazed inlay, the end of a beard or hair, elaborately curled - A rare example of early glaze. -
Frit originally glazed. Slightly convex. :
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BM.
C. chair. Drab. mould_d.
Herring-bone pattern on seat.
& 2 birds facing e.o. w. branches
of tree.
Back & legs broken.:
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BM.
cf. 1463.
Drab clay relief.
Lion-
Skirt of god super impos_d.:
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BM.
Drab.
Head only. Tiered head_d:
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BM.
Head & should. only
Red clay:
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BM.
Red clay :Group
Flounc_d robe, hands rais_d
carrying pots:
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BM.
Red clay.
Fem. robed, arms raised. feet broken:
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Boat
Hole through top of prow.
(& U. 6478):
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Boat:
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2
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Boat- bellum- White recurv_d prow- Drab- Holes in bottom :
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Boat- Flat bottom_d- Ornament_d bow & stern:
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Boat- Green clay- Flat bottom. Side chipp_d- Stern peak miss_g :
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Boat. :
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Boat. hand made- Drab:
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Boats:
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Bodies of the two asses, joined w a solid mass, with 2 heads. turned aside nose to nose. Briddle and straps attached round the nose & pass between the ears
They pull from the neck, Their collar is attached to the yoke connected w. the pole.
The high curved pole, is reinforced with metal bands
A groom probably was leading the animals in front. The driver was astride the box behind the splashboard
Seat and back of the box are broken off.
The rough modelling is true to type.
Four spare wheels have been added.
They have projecting hubs and cogged rims. - All hand modelled:
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Bottom of clay relief, rounded
to Form stand.
Feet of hum. Fig:
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brandishing whip? or covered w. shawl
seated side way. facing left-Left
extended-Bracelet-Turban-Formal
beard framed between 2 long hair braids ram's horns curved round the ears
(Mistaken for a water buffalo)
Moulded plaque: 90x71mm:
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BRICKS (ctd.)CYRUS.New inscription recording the favour shown to the king by the great gods. Found in socket-boxes on temenos wall. Several examples.Also some uninscribed bricks marked with a double crescent. Period and purpose unknown. Several examples, all found loose.--[signature] Sydney Smith:
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BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON, W. C. 1August 12, 1933Dear Jayne:Here is the statement of accounts of the publication fund to date, as promised.Many thanks for the list of Museum registration numbers, which has reached me safely and is now being entered on the proofs of the catalogue; it was most welcome. Of course there are some omissions, that is unavoidable, but the presence of as many numbers as possible will make reference very much simpler for outside students and especially for the Museum. The blocks of gold bull's head I had already acknowledge and I hope you have had the letter since.By the way, with reference to my letter of August 8, you might like to know the exact words used by Sir Arthur Keith when I asked him for an official statement of the correctness of the Shub-ad head. He writes \"...a most skillful restoration of the flesh on the skull we accepted as a type. I think she (Mrs. W.) was justified in accepting the type. Much inference enters into every reconstruction; Mrs. Woolley's inferences, in my opinion, were fully justified\".I hope to have soon the balance of the publication fund.Best wishes and regards; I suppose you are not coming here?Yours sincerely,s/ C. Leonard Wooley:
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BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON, W. C. 1August 14, 1934Dear Dr. Jayne,We are now making our estimates for publications for the coming year, and among them it is necessary to include a sum for the first of volumes of the texts from Ur (as distinct from the volumes on archaeology, for which provision is made by the Carnegie Fund).This first volume, by Father Burrows, is estimated to cost about [pound symbol]400. If the two Museums cooperate, as agreed long ago ( I may for instance refer to Mr. Gordon's letter to Sir Frederic Kenyon of April 6, 1926), each must put up [pound symbol]200. May I ask you to cable in reply to this whether your Museum will undertake to pay this amount? It will not be wanted to a good many months, though I cannot at present give an exact date.I understand that none of the Carnegie money can be used for the texts as distinct from the archaeological work, using the latter word in its narrow sense.Yours sincerely,s/George HillDr. H. H. F. Jayne, University Museum, Philadelphia.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON, W. C. 1Dear Dr. Jayne: I think you may be interested to have a report of Mr. Woolley's progress with the preparation of the Ur publication:The state of progress at the present moment is as follows: Vol. III The Archaic Seal-impressions. By L. Legrain. Ready for the PressVol IV The Archaic Periods. By C. L. Woolley. Ready for the PressVol V The ziggurat and its surroundings. By C. L. Woolley Detailed architectural account of the archaic periods complete; surroundings of the Third Dynasty Ziggurat almost complete.Vol VI The Temenos, the Town Wall, the Royal Tombs and other buildings of the Third Dynasty. By C. C. Woolley. Not started.Vol VII The Temples and Houses of the Larsa Period. By C. L. Woolley Detailed architectural account of the houses more than half done.He had started on volume V but in view of possible financial difficulties and the greater popularity of the subject-matter of Vol VII (the period of Abraham) decided to produce tht first so as to secure quick returns for the publication of Vol. V. The bulk of Vol. VII should be finished by the end of March.As regards the volumes now ready Mr. Woolley would propose to issue Vol. IV before Vol. III because the cost of the latter is comparatively small and should be covered by advance subscriptions to Vol. IV, so that its publication would follow immediately; it is a volume only to specialist and returns from it will be small.Should we be able to put Vol. IV to press now, Mr. Woolley sees no reason why Vol. III should not appear in the late Spring or early Early Summer and Vol VII in the Autumn. By that time Vol. V should be well advanced if not actually ready for press.This refers only to the archaeological series. As regards the text, we are estimating for the publication of the first volume by Burrows in the coming financial year and have asked for (pound symbol) 300, which we hope will cover more than half the cost.I shall be very glad to hear from you in answer to my last letter of the 11th December what prospects there are of further contributions from your side.Yours sincerely,s/ George Hill:
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BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON, W. C. 1Dec. 8, 1933Dear Jayne,Here is a specimen of the circular for the English edition; if you want copies would you please order direct from John Johnson, Printer to the University, the University Press, Oxford, for the letter press: giving of course the different version required for the order form. The illustrations are separate and I have them here: it would be best to cable me at once whether you require any and if so how many.Yours,s/ C. Leonard WoolleyPrivate. Dec. 15, 1933Dear Jayne,Let me add, unofficially, to this enormous screed, that I too detest these difficulties due to money questions; it is only because they are so unpleasant the it is best to sift them thoroughly and arrive at a proper understanding of the other side if not an agreement with it. I certainly have felt more than a little annoyance over the way things have gone, but even when that was at its worst I was able to sympathize with you personally in the affair, and I can assure you that there has been no question of the official trouble impairing our pleasant relations. I must tell you, what is really rather funny, that the \"Catastrophic\" cable which caused such searching of hear was not written by me at all but in my presence by Hill, who wanted his telegram and minde to supplement each other properly so composed both!Please give your wife my best regards and all good wishes for the season.Yours sincerely,s/ C.Leonard Woolley:
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BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON, W. C. 1February 23, 1934Dear Jayne,A question now arises about the new Ur publication, which is the free list. It is obvious that in the case of a book whose sales are to finance future volumes, the list must be very short, but it is hardly possible to give no copies at all.We had another publication which we shared with an outside body, a Catalogue of Paintings of Tun-Huang, published by the Museum and the Government of India. In that case an agreed number was set aside for presentation free and the balance of copies divided. How many copies do you feel would be necessary minimum for presentation on your side?Woolley will be back very soon and when I have your answer I could consult with him. At present we have no authority to reserve even a copy for the Library of the Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities. It would, of course, not be impossible to charge the cost of these copies against Museum funds, and so keep the Ur publication fund intact, but I would like to know what your view is before doing anything one way or the other.Yours sincerely,s/ A. EsdaileSecretary.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON, W. C. 1October 7, 1933Dear Jayne,The position in Iraq is certainly the reverse of promising and if the Government act at all on the lines which are cautiously predicted by Jordan it will be useless for anyone to try to dig there; and of course we cannot possibly go out in ignorance of what the terms under which we work may prove to be. There is, of course, the remote possibility that faced with protests from all the countries at present financing expeditions the Iraqis may climb down and pass a law which would do no more than save their face; in that case, late though it would be, there might be time to run out and put in the last season as proposed--after all, I was not in any case going to leave England until late in November. If, as is vastly more probable, they prove intractible, then I am entirely in favour of closing down the expedition at once for good and all; as you know, I have always been against what seems to me the extravagance of stopping and then starting again. Naturally you will have discussed all thse points with Hill; I write really to tell you the practical details. On Hill's instruction I am continuing to pay the local guards but I have written to our Basra agents explaining to them, in confidence, the situation, and instruction them on receipt of a cable from me to send someone to Ur to pack up and put in store such of the Expedition property as is worth keeping and to sell the remainder; as soon as this was done the guards could be paid off and all commitments stopped. The main job would be to return to the Iraq Railways, if they so desired, the light rails and sleppers lent to the Expedition in 1924; but I hope that the Railways may decide that the material is useless to them, as indeed it is.So as things stand, if the Iraq Government is sensible we have done nothing to hinder the expedition taking the field; if it is obtuse everything has been prepared for the winding up of the whole thing. In the meantime I can get on with mypublishing!Yours sincerely,s/ C. Leonard Woolley:
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BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON, W.C. 1December 11, 1934Dear Dr Jayne,Many thanks for your letter of 24th November, I am glad that you have been able to see Mr. Keppel, and I need no assurance that you put both sides of the question before him with complete impartiality. But i am sorry to say that I still do not see the matter in quite the same light as you do. I can quite understand Mr. Keppel's wish that we should come to a satisfactory agreement between ourselves rather than that he himself should make or ask his Board to make a definite ruling on the question between us; at the same time my Trustees feel that the terms of the Carnegie Grant need not be read in an overly literal manner: to appear so definite that it is impossible for them to turn over funds held by them for purposes ruled out by those terms without the explicit a proval given in writing by the grantors. Before asking for such a ruling from the Corporation, however, I write to you to explain how completely unsatisfactory from our point of view is the arrangement you suggest, in the first place as being against the letter and the spirit of the Carnegie Grant, in the second as defeating the aims and objects of the Joint Expedition.Your proposal to take the approval of the Corporation for granted does not in fact \"clarify and simplify the situation\" except for the immediate purposes of your Board; it greatly complicates it for the Joint Expedition which alone my Trustees are concerned.The Trustees are convinced of the desirability of immediate publication of results, for which purpose they agree to close down the work in the field. At the present moment Volume IV is ready for the press and its estimated cost is-for an edition of 800 copies L1,506.10.0 ) for an edition of 1,000 copies L.,588.0.0) plus bindingTowards this London holds, by receipts, L.920, less L.100 advanced to Mr. Woolley to meet preliminary expenses of which most of the present balance of L.50 will be required by him, and Philadelphia holds L.212, total L.1,132, leaving an approximate balance of L. 475 for which the Press would give six months' credit as from the date of publication, and sales of Volume II during the interim should reduce this sum considerably. The guarantee of subscribers to Volume IV should go far towards meeting the (very much smaller) cost of producing Volume III, which is nearly ready for press.If the original grant intended to be used as above for the entire series of volumes be saddled with a deficit of circ. L.1,700 on the first volume the whole scheme collapses; it is not a question of delaying the publication of Vols. III and IV for a year or eighteen months; it will take about that time to pay off the balance of the deficit and thereafter publication would have to wait until sales had yielded enough to cover its cost- and in the actual state of the international book trade there can be no question of raising by sales a further sum of L.1,500 within any reasonable period of time.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON, W.C. 1June 17, 1934Dear Jayne,Although the finacial year is not yet over, there are no more expenses coming in for the Joint Expedition, so I have been able to draw out my complete account, and I send it your herewith. You will, I think, be pleased to find that were is a balance in hand on the estimate, and I have at the bank (pound symbol) 172.4.0 due to you; I believe that there is a further sum due to you in that in sending here your share of the estimated cost you forgot to allow for the balance from last year and so sent too much; but as that surplus was not paid in to the Joint Account by the British Museum that matter must be settled between it and you and non ci entro io.The antiquities from last winter have arrived and I am busy with them now. Will Legrain be coming over for the division? there is not any outstanding treasure, mostly stone vases and some painted pottery, with beads etc. If the division is to be as usual in the late summer the stuff will be ready; should you by any chance find it convenient to postpone division until later I should try to hold a small temporary exhibition here in the autumn; it would be useless to do so in the summer, and also I cannot now spare the time; but if all the material were available in the autumn I might show the best of it. So could you let me know what you propose?Apart from the necessary minimum of work on the objects, some of which are required for illustration, all my time is taken up with the next volume; some is already written, most remain to be done. London being a bad place to work in I propose to bury myself in the country for three months and hope there to make quicker progress. I shall get the whole book fairly finished before approaching the Press, so as to obtain an estimate of costs; at present I do not know what size it will be; but in the autumn I ought to be in a position to submit it to them. I think that Legrain's Seal Impressions ought to form a separate volume; in time of course it belongs to the periods with which my volume deals, but I don't want to make the book too bulky; for the moment I propose to hold the question over, as my material may not prove so much as I think; but in all likelihood it means two separate volumes. I send you a prospectus of the series- provisional and liable to alterations of course, but enough to give you an idea of the work in hand.I hope that the sales of the Royal Cemetary have been as good as on can expect in these days; there ought to be a small but steady demand for it for a long while to come.I hope that all goes well and that I shall hear from you in due course.Yours sincerely,s/C. Leonard Woolley:
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BRITISH MUSEUM - PARTICULARS OF CONSIGNMENT OF ANTIQUITIES FROM IRAQ, ALL OVER 100 YEARS OLD, SENT TO PHILADELPHIA BY S.S. \"AQUITANIA\". FEBRUARY 20TH, FOR EXHIBITION: TO BE RETURNED TO ENGLAND LATER IN THE YEAR.CONTENTS OF BOXES 15, 19, 20, 21, 22 & 23.CASE. B.M.15. Ancient Pottery & Bronzes.CASE. B.M.19. Chariot.1 Stone Bowl.1 T'ctta object.1 Stone Mace-head.6 Copper objects.1 Whetstone.CASE. B.M.20. Bronze axe with gold bands on handle.Spear with silver head and gold & silver mounted shaft.\" \" Golden \" \" \" \" \" \"Silver spear head.Gold & lapis drinking tube.CASE.B.M.21. 2 Gold pins with lapis heads.1 \" finger ring.5 \" rings and coils.1 \" dagger pommel.1 \" Chisel (large).3 \" \" (small).1 \" Cockle-shell.1 \" Chain with large gold & lapis beads.2 \" Spiral rings.2 \" Boat earrings (large).Gold Ribbon.\" Foil frontlet.2 \" Coil earrings.\" leaf.\" strip.\" Tweezers & pick.1 copper dagger with gold mount.5 silver pins with lapis heads.6 \" bowls.8 \" rings & coils.1 copper hook with silver head.1 silver hair comb, inlaid flowers.1 \" pin.1 \" \" top in form of hand.1 \" flask, with silver stopper.1 \" vase, spouted.1. \" strainer.Group of fluted silver tumblers & strainer.2 \" \" corroded together.1 \" lamp.1 \" axe.1 Rapis seal of Shub-ad.1 \" \"[AMERICAN CONSULATE GENERAL, LONDON, ENGLAND stamp]:
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BRITISH MUSEUM June 18 1930Dear Mr. Jayne,I deeply regret that we did not meet in Iraq: I had no idea that you proposed visiting the country, and had I known that you were due so soon I should of course have stayed on at Ur to welcome you there and show you the site. I always feel that visitors who arrive in our absence must be sadly disappointed by the ruins, since they need so much explanation to make them really interesting, and it is particularly regrettable that you should not have seen it to full advantage. I do hope that you will be able to repeat the visit another season while we are at work.As regards estimates for the coming year, my programme is still so inchoate (and this year's accounts are not yet made up) that I am not able to make a proper forecast. I ought to take out an extra as- sistant next winter and may have to exchange my architect - though this is not yet certain - and that of course means changes in the bud- get: also the amount of work which has to be done in the summer gets greater every year and must involve extra expense. I hope no to have to exceed last year's figure, but may have to do so, and as you re- quire an immediate estimate, and would presumably rather apportion too large than too small a figure, I would say provisionally that an extra £500 may be needed, i.e., a total from the University Museum of £3250.As regards reports, I think it would be an excellent thing to re- produce the Antiquaries' Journal report in the Museum Journal. When the Joint Expedition started Gordon could not suggest any American vehicle for publication and was content to leave it all to the Ant-:
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BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON, W. C. 1August 8, 1934Dear Jayne,We are in some difficulty about the finance of the Ur Volume. The book has been out some time, and not only the bill, but a request for payment, was received so long ago as April by Woolley, who says that he sent it on to you, and that he is now receiving further requests, and feels awkwardly situated in face of the necessity of shortly asking for estimates for the next volume.As to money is in your hands, we can do nothing without you. If there is any reason for further delay, will you let us know and in that case what date we can be put upon it, in order that we may satisfy our friendly creditor, John Johnson of the Oxford Press, who is responsible to the blockmakers, Stone of Banbury?Yours sincerely,s/A. Esdaile Secretary.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON, W. C. 1November 10, 1934Dear Dr. Jayne,The Printer to the Oxford Press has been discussing with me the matter of the bill owing to him for the Royal tombs, and has shown me your letter to him of 2nd October.In it, I observe that you refer to our contention that it would be improper to make payment of any part of the sum owing on the production of the Royal Tombs out of funds actually derived from the sale of those volumes; and you go on to say that \"if the Carnegie Corporation rules against my opinion: (that it would be proper to do so), \"then the sum owing you will have to be assumed jointly by the British Museum and ourselves, and a definite program of payments to liquidate it must be determined upon. Our share will be a heavy burden but one which I shall, of course, assume, and as well endeavour to (get) rid of as soon as possible. What the British Museum can do towards rapidly liquidating their share in this eventuality I do not, naturally, know: probably you can judge this point better than I\".I do not think it would be right for me to leave this statement, which might give Mr. Johnson a wrong impression of the state of affairs, without any comment. The position we hold is that the whole financial responsibility for the Royal Tombs volumes was taken by the Carnegie Corporation, and transferred to the Philadelphia Museum when the money was paid over. The British Museum has no responsibility for these cost whatever.You will remember that on 9th November 1933 I telegraphed to you asking how the deficit, involved by your not having transferred the Carnegie money at the time when it was sufficient to meet all commitments, was to be met; and in a letter to Mr. Woolley of 6th December 1933 you refer to the telegraphic correspondence and say that in view of the fact that Mr. Woolley acted as your agent with virtually unrestricted authority you were, \"of course, obligated and prepared to stand behind any commitments he had made with the Oxford Press or otherwheres, embarrassing though these might be\" to you because of the alteration in exchange rates.We are, of course, bound by, to use your own words, a \"scholarly obligation\" to do our share in the publication of the results of the excavation. But when sufficient money for a certain publication has been placed at the disposal of one of the parties, we feel that that party ought to liquidate the payment without involving the other.Yours sincerely,s/ George Hill:
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British Museum London, W. C. l March 15, 1935Dear Dr. Jayne, Thank you for your letter of February 12th, which I brought before the Trustees at their meeting on March 9th. They do not think that any good purpose would be served by replying at length to it at the present time. They do, however, desire me to say that they cannot accept the view that they are acting as the agents of the University Museum of Pennsylvania in the sale of these volumes and are bound to make payment from receipts as you require, and only such payments as you authorise them to. They view their position very differently. They desire to affirm that money which they have received from the Carnegie Corporation was entrusted to them for a definite purpose, and they do not feel justified in diverting the money to any other, unless they are definitely instructed so to do by the Carnegie Corporation. they propose accordingly to ask for the ruling of the Corporation. I am to add that the Trustees are plad to learn that your Managers are favourably disposed to your proposal to continue paying your share of Mr. Woolley's salary through June 1936. May I inconclusion say that we are as sorry as yourselves that this difference of opinion should have arisen, for we are equally anxious to fulfil the obligation to produce the scientific report of the excavation?I enclose, for your information, a copy of the letter which I am adressing to the Carnegie Corporation. May I mention another point? We should very much like to put Father Burrows volume of cuneiform texts in the hands of the printers. Can we have the assurance for which I asked in my letter of 21st September, para. 3?Yours sincerely, s/ George Hill:
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British Museum London, W. C. lMarch 15 1935Dear Sir: I am instructed by the Trustees of the British Museum to ask for a ruling of the Carnegie Corporation in the matter of the grant made by the Corporation towards the publication of the results of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia. The situation may be resumed as follow:-On November 11, 1931 the Executive Committee of the Corporation resolved \"That, from the balance available for appropriations, the sum of ten thousand dollars($10,000) be, and it hereby is, appropriated to the University of Pennsylvania Museum towards publication of the results of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the University of Pennsylvania Museum to Mesopotamia\".This resolution was communicated to President Gates of the University of Pennsylvania from your office on November 13th. Another $15,000 completing the promised grant of $25,000 was remitted to the University of Pennsylvania on October 26, 1932(with the same object).The only record of the conditions of the grant appear to be in the form of a proposal submitted by Mr. Woolley at an interview with the Executive Committee of the Carnegie Corporation and approved by the Corporation as the basis of the grant. From this document I extract the following:\"The volume on the Royal Cemetery (is to) be issued in a style adequate to the historical and artistic importance of the discoveries, at a cost estimated at $25,000. The money recovered by sales would be used for the production of the second volume, and that from the joint sales for the third, and so on. The sum of $25,000. Would, it is hoped, in this way finance the publication of all the archaeological volumes contemplated by the expedition\".so far as we know, the authenticity of this document has not been disputed by anyone. The question of its interpretation has, however, been raised. In 1932(5th December) when the contract for printing was made with the Oxford University Press Dr. Jayne was asked by Mr. Woolley to transfer the balance of the money of the Carnegie Corporation's Grant remaining in his hands to London. The University Museum, however, decided to wait and see what was going to happen to the pound; as Dr. Jayne said in a letter of December 23, 1932, the belief of this Board was \"that the pound might fall even lower than $3.17, and hence it would be wise to wait\". These hopes were belied by events, with the consequences that there is a heavy deficit on the expenses of the publication. In a letter of December 6, 1933 Dr. Jayne:
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BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON, W. C.1May 14, 1934Dear Dr. Jayne,Many thanks for your letter of 4th of May, which we received on the 12th. I am glad to hear that the second instalment of your contribution may be expected within the week.The Trustees considered on the 12th the question of Woolley's salary. They thought that it ought to be brought into line with our Deputy Keepers' salaries, which are, with the present bonus, (pound symbol) 1044. So they propose to fix it at (pound symbol) 1050; and they willendeavour to collect from public sources up to (pound symbol) 550. Also, if the dollar falls below 5 1/2, so that you are unable to contribute the full (pound symbol) 500, they will do their best to make up the difference.They consider that the work is going to take two years, but with delays, such as seem inevitable in publishing, it may take three. They have, therefore, fixed three years as the extreme period during which they propose to collect money for Woolley's salary.We have taken no decision about Hamoudi. Personally, I think these local worthies do very well out of our expedition, and, unless they are past work, ought not to be pensioned.Yours sincerely,s/ George Hill:
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BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON. W.C. 1November 28, 1933Dear Dr. Jayne,Thanks for your cable of 25th November in reply to mine. Since your Committee do not see their way to advancing lump sums to the Expidition Account here, so that Woolley can draw on the funds in Baghdad as heretofore, we must, I suppose, adopt some such plan as this.He will draw on the funds contributed on this side as usual, the whole being advanced by us to his account. He will render accounts periodically as usual, and will, as usual, send duplicates to you. We shall then look to you to pay us your contribution as quickly as possible. To meet expenses one half of that contribution (visz. [pound symbol] 875) should be at our disposal (being paid either to us or into Woolley's account) not later that 1st February. The second half - since he has to meet salaries and travelling expenses-should be available by the middle of March.Will you kindly cable your approval of this schedule, unless you have anything better to suggest?Yours sincerely,s/ George HillDr. H. H. F. JayneUniversity MuseumPhiladelphia:
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British Museum London. W.C.1. March 3. 1936.Dear Sir,I enclose a copy of the catalogue of objects to be publishe[d] in Ur Excavations, Vol. VI, and should be obliged if you would kindly add against the catalogue numbers the registration number of such objects as are now in your Museum.A red star against a number means that I have no photograph of the object in question and should be obliged if one could be obtained from the Museum in which the object now is.As I shall be absent from England, completed lists should be sent to Miss J. Joshua, at the British Museum, London, W.C.1.Yours faithfully,Leonard Wolley [handwritten]Dr L. Legrain The University -Museum Philadelphia [handwritten]:
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British Museum London: W.C.L. caught in a thicket. but the unrestored duplicate will not be very much inferior when it has been treated in the laboratory, and, after all, we had the best single piece last year. Mr. Legrain appeared to be perfectly satisfied with the results of the division. I understand that you will probably close your present exhibition about October, and that we may expect to receive back the objects lent by us in the course of the autumn. There is a question of some importance on which we must come to an understanding between ourselves and with the Iraq Government. This concerns the right of reproduction of objects found. It is, of course, quite clear that either or both of us have the right of publication in preliminary reports, in contemporary newspaper announcements, and win the final official publication. But the Iraq Government claims general publication rights in the objects allotted to the Baghdad Museum, so that applications to reproduce for instance, the gold helmet in a history or encyclopedia would have to be referred to them, and (presumably) fees paid to them. don't think we can object to this, as it is the normal rule:
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British Museum(hand written upper right corner)March 19, 1942Mr. C.J. Gadd British Museum London, W.C.1, EnglandDear Mr. Gadd:-Abbe Legrain showed me your letter of recent date and I should like to congratulate you and your colleagues for your prosecution of your research under such trying and appalling conditions. We here are girding ourselves for the war effort, but there are still a few little cracks in the structure which permit the continuation of learned studies. Would you consider the publication of Abbe Legrain\"s work here in the United States if we can obtain the necessary funds, follow the general format, and make an acknowledgement of our joint publications in the past? I realize that such a program would break the continuity of previous publication, but the publication of material is so delayed that perhaps our most effective cooperation would be in trying to bring the materials out here.Yours very sincerelyGeorge C. Vaillant Director:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON W.C. 1April 2, 1934Dear Jayne, Herewith the financial statement and a further report; also the Oxford Press' acount to date, which they have last sent me. I am writing to Legrain (in the hopes of saving you trouble) giving him a list of objects now in the University Museum of which I want pictures for publication in the next volume; perhaps he will merely hand it on to you, but I thought he might as well do what he can in the matter. Yours sincerely, (Signed) C. Leonard Woolley:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON W.C.1be procured only from the Museums: after that date it will be on sale at the Museums & at the ordering agents or retailers at the enhanced priced of $15 US or £4.4.0. [two illegible words] covers the retailer's commission). This would make things right for the successful working of the Fundâdo you consider that it would fairly comply with the terms of the Carnegie [?part?] & be approved by the Carnegie Trustees? I think it would be well to sound them on the point, so that we can decide on the course to be:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON W.C.1composite chapter on the metals. Burrows has done his chapter on the inscriptions: Legrain's work must be deferred until his return to Philadelphia: on the whole all has gone very well.There's one important point about the cemetery [?volume?]. The Carnegie trustees were anxious that the price should be kept down to $12 in the USA & £3.3.0. in Great Britain: with this I thoroughly concur, for cheapness & accessibility are of:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON W.C.1December 5, 1932Dear Jayne,I am today sending you a cable requesting you to transfer to the credit of the Publication Fund at Brown Shipley; the sum of $1500. I shall shortly have to pay out to the University Press a fairly large sum on account of the work already in hand here: Miss Baker will perhaps need money in Baghdad and the payment of my secretaries etc. has left my present credit-:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON W.C.1Nov. 22. 1932Dear Jayne,You said that you would like to see proofs of our first [?illegible, possibly followed by MS?] of [?illegible, possibly colourwork?] for the [?Ur?] volume. I sent one (the first to hand) done from Miss Baker's drawings & I think you'll agree that it is a marvellously [illegible] reproduction.Yours sincerelyC. Leonard Woolley [flourish underscore]:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON W.C.1Nov. 4. 1932Dear JayneYours of Oct. 26 to hand today. I'm delighted to hear about the payment by the Carnegie;: it is splendid to have all the cash in hand. As regards progress;: before we leave the country I shall hand in to the Press about two thirds of the text, so as to have proofs ready before I return;: also nearly all the plain illustrative material & as much of the colour work as can be sent in. Miss Baker has done her work here & of course done it very:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W. c 1May 12, 1934Dear Jayne,I am writing now merely to send on to you a further account from the Oxford Press which has just reached me, together with the covering letter from the head of the Press, who evidently would like to have some money: I am of course at work on the next volume and shall before very long have to take up the question of illustrations, and I hope by Midsummer to have a certain amount of text ready for printing.I am in haste now as I have to go off and lecture; I shall be writing properly soon.Yours sincerely,(Signed) C. Leonard Woolley:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W. C. 1November 23, 1933Dear Jayne,I send you now, as requested in your cable, a fuller statement made up to date of the expenses incurred by me for the publication of the Cemetery volume and paid by me out of the Publication Fund banked at Messrs, Brown, Shipley & Co.I did not take receipts for the payments made to Miss Foulerton, whom I employed as secretary, nor for the rent of an office; these were wekly payments most often made in cash. The payments made by me to Miss Baker she will have accounted for to you. I send receipts for salary paid to Miss Joshua and to Rose, for the photographic work, for typewriter, etc.; there are none for the small purchases. If I have not been meticulous in this respect you must remember that I have never been called upon to produce receipt for the Joint Expedition accounts; the Treasury, which audits my account on this side, expressly waived all such, and the University Museum has hitherto been equally satisfied to accept my statment.I am still waiting to hear in what shape you will want the volume sent over to you, whether bound or in sheets, and also about the circular.Hill's cable will have told you that the Iraq Government has completely climbed down in the matter of the Antiquities Law and so I have my instructions to go out. I shall stop here long enough to see the book completely finished and out, and then start about Christmas time; that will give us long enough before the hot weather to carry out our moderate programme and not lose anything of the short season which is all we desire and can afford. What I would suggest is that you, if possible, send over not only the half of the year's contribution (due really in July, but of course with the uncertainty which has prevailed there was no reason to send it then) but the whole sum so as to minimise loss due to the fall of the dollar. I am drawing on the B.M.'s contribution at present for preliminary expenses, salary, etc., but hope that you can act quickly. My prophecy made in October 1931 was pessimistic but only too near the truth!I was very much looking forward to a stop in England and have enjoyed this much of it, but I am glad that we can after all round off the work at Ur as it should be done.Yours sinceerely,s/ C. Leonard WoolleyThe accounts have of course been duly submitted to Hill also.:
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British Museum, London, W.C. IAugust 8. 1933.Dear Jayne, I enclose with this my statement of accounts for Ur for June and for the whole financial year; you will see that there is a balance in hand of [pound symbol] 420. 10.1, which will be divided equally as credit to the two Museum for the coming season. I hope that that is satisfactory. Your letter of July 11 dealing with the finance question and Mr Eldridge R. Johnson's unwillingness to contribute further was very disturbing, and I was devoutly thankful to learn of the cable subsequently sent to the British Museum stating that the money was available; you must have had an anxious and worrying time and I only hope that it is the last occasion on which Ur will bring trouble. I am also sending you (but perhaps under separate cover, as it is not quite complete) a statement to date of the account of the Publication Fund; it shews that the advances mad to me are getting low and must be replenished. It is a terrible pity that your board would not accede to my request made last autumn to send the whole of the money to me except what was needed for Miss Baker; I was sure that that was the best possible moment, and now the delay has cost:
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British Museum, London, W.C.1.26.Xi.24.Dear Sir,In the September number of the Museum Journal, Philadelphia, I am astonished to read that \"the temple of the goddess Nin-har-sag ... \"... was \"discovered in the neighborhood of Ur at Tell el Obeid by the joint expedition of the British Museum and the University Museum\", that is to say by Mr. Woolley in 1924. As this is contrary to the facts I should be glad if you would please contradict it at once. The temple:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.1.logo for British MuseumTel.: Museum 3070Sept. 28, 1935Dear Legrain,I imagine that you are back at work again (I was sorry not to see more of you here in London) and I trust that you are better in health after your holiday. I have to thank you for the list annotated and returned by Miss [??Cran??]. I still have a query about it. Have you not got a small steatite straight-sided bowl with scorpions in relief on the outside? âit is a fragment only, about 1/3 of the whole. It was numbered U.1740 & is now U.1745, but I've been unable to trace it & do need its Museum registration number. The U.1744A referred to in my last letter has been traced to Baghdad (a small limestone human head).Now I'm sending you the catalogue numbers which will be published in Vol. III., again to receive:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.I.[Museum seal on upper left corner of page]Tel: Museum 3070December 20 1935.Dear Legrain,Here are (belated) good wishes for Xmas & the New Year, together with my thanks for your letter of Dec. 6 and its enclosed photos. Thanks too [the word your is crossed out] for your critical remarks.As regards the [??arm??] & [??illegible word??] of water, I still don't see why it should not belong to the 2nd (missing) figure of Ur-Nammu facing left in the [??top??] register of the [??obverse??]: if assigned to Nin-gal it makes the position of the infant very awkward & it cannot be brought far enough forward to bring the water into line with the stream from the vase above & by her [??foot??]: the scale of the Ur Nammu & Nin-gal figures in this register is practically identical, so that there is no argument to be [??illegible word??] on the [??size or site??] of the arm.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.I.[SEAL OF MUSEUM IN UPPER LEFT CORNER]TEL: Museum 3070Feb. 20, 1936Dear Legrain,Here are the first proofs of your book. I'm having them corrected with the [??MS.??] of Miss [??Joshua??], who did Vol II & is doing all my volumes--she is a very experienced proofreader. Really I don't imagine that there will be anything that she won't put right: but would you read & make any alterations you may wish & return as soon as possible[previous four words underlined] so that your corrections may be incorporated. All the dull work of [??illegible word??] she will do excellently: it is really only a case of your wishing, perhaps, to make:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.IMuseum seal at top leftnumeral 2 at top centerTel: Museum 3070in London or Philadelphia (not Baghdad) & I have been able in this way to identify several in the BM collection: do you think that your people could do the same &, if any are found, send me photographs of impressions? The seals in question areU.6252U.6918U.7099U.15480U.16639U.16679U.16689and U.7583 (see above)I may before very long be sending you fresh lists[circled in pencil] for the completion of Vol. VI[circled in pencil], but that is still in the future. We have now ready vols III (in the press), IV, V, & VII. I'm glad to hear of progress with the Third Dynasty texts.Yours,Leonard Woolley:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.ISeptember 4. 1933.Dear Jayne, Many thanks for sending on to Miss Baker's drawing of Shubad's head; now that I see it I appreciate Mr. Jenks' feelings; it is quite a parody of the original and instead of representing the true physical type gives something quite different - e.g., the nose is made straight and thin, whereas the peculiar quality of the nose on the skull was its width. So I shall not use the drawing, but fall back on the direct photograph originally published by the Illustrated London News, but as they put in a coloured background which is ugly and takes off the effect of the gold I shall cut that away and have a plain white instead. In the meanwhile I am anxiously looking for the two photos for [word crossed out] which I had to ask you, and with those I shall have got the whole of my illustrative material in hand and (except for them) printed. Of the text the last chapters which I have to write go to the Press today or tomorrow; Sir Arthur Keith's chapter and one on metallurgy are outstanding, but the latter at all events is practically done. The book ought to be out by Xmas, as promised.This is all that is important at the moment. Please tell Miss Baker that I'm sorry to reject her work, but she had done it without seeing the original, so success would have been difficult to expect.Yours sincerely[signature] Leonard Woolley:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.I[British Museum logo on upper left]Tel: Museum 3070Dec. 8. 33Dear JayneHere is a specimen of the circular for the English edition: if you want copies would you please order direct from John Johnson, Printer to the University, the University Press, Oxford, for the letter press: & giving of course the different version required for the order form. The illustrations are separate & I have them here: it would be best to cable me at once whether you require any & if so how many.YoursC.Leonard Woolley [underscored with a swoosh]:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.I[Museum emblem at top left of page]Tel: Museum 3070Nov. 28, 1935Dear LegrainMany thanks for yours of Nov. 13th with all the photos & the list of registration numbers: all most useful.You claim a cylinder seal U.7503 (as your CBS.16903) which is certainly in Baghdad, as I can prove by photographs: I wonder whether, by misreading of one figure, your cylinder may be U.7583, [this number and the CBS above are circled in pencil, with the word Yes written in the margin], which nobody claims: it is described as fragmentary, of white marble, diam. 0.014 m. with presentation scene shewing[sic] a seated god, a minor god & votary, [??illegible word] & a goddess. If yours should answer to that description then the U number 7583[U.7583] should be [??illegible one or two words] it & I should welcome a photo of the impression. The only other causes of dispute are less important. U.7078[crossed out], (CBS.16429)[the previous U number and CBS number are circled in pencil, with a note in the margin that says no U no] a lead plaque, is indubitably in the Brit. Mus.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON. 4th August 1926. My dear Gordon, I have just received your letter of July 22nd. I am sorry to hear that you are not coming over this summer, but I shall be glad to see Miss McHugh, and to discuss matters with her. I should in any case have been writing to you within this next day or two, on the two subjects with which your letter deals. As to the division of the discoveries of the season 1924-5, I do not think I have ever suggested setting the large stela against all the rest. On the/contrary, you will remember that in your letter of Sept.10th,1925, you expressly ruled out this solution, on the ground that the large stela is worth more than all the rest put together, and proposed that the division should be postponed until the finds of that season could be combined with those of the following year or years, in order to form a more satisfactory basis for a division. In my answer of Sept.23rd I fully concurred with this, and I have assumed that that was settled. I will therefore propose to Miss McHugh that we pool the results of the two seasons 1924-5 and 1925-6, and make a division in the manner you suggest. It will be easier then to secure for each Museum objects representing all the principal varieties of interest. As to next season, Woolley's estimate, though not quite finally prepared, will be in the neighbourhood of the same figure as last year, viz. £5000; and we shall be /prepared:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON. ;;;;; I think myself that we shall want the higher number in each case; but a good deal depends on the extent of your free distribution and of the American demand outside those limits. ;;;;; I shall be in England till Aug.30th; after that I expect to be away till Sept.30th, on an expedition which will include Cairo, Jerusalem, Gallipoli, and Salonika. Yours very sincerely F. G. Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON.12th, June, 1922.Dear Dr. Gordon,I am much obliged by your letter of 5th May. I have laid it before my Trustees, and am/authorized by them to arrange with you for a joint expedition to Mesopotamia on the lines indicated therein.The prospect of being able to resume work at Carchemish is so uncertain that we feel bound to abandon the idea of a campaign there next autumn, and consequently Mr. C. L Wooley is free. He is not a cuneiform scholar, but he is an expert director of excavations, and would, I have no doubt, be accepted as such by the Mesop^otamian Administration. With regard to the rest of the personnel of the expedition, I do noth think you have ever mentioned whether you have any men available whom you can recommend. A man with knowledge of Mesopotamian Arabic would of course be useful, or a surveyor, or a cuneiform scholar; even a man without these qualifications may be made useful, if he is willing to learn, but of course he ought not to expect to be paid for it.As it is advisable to lose no time in making preparations, I propose now to write officially to the Colonial Office to ask permission for a joint expedition, organised by the British Museum and the University of Philadelphia Pennsylvania, and under the field direction of Mr. C. L. Woolley, to proceed to Mesopotamia for work in the coming autumn and spring. We have then to arrange a plan of campaignDr. G. B. Gordon.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON.9th January, 1925.My dear Gordon,I forward to you Woolley's report for December, which is interesting but not exciting. In his covering letter to me, dated Jan. 3rd, he says they were then getting large numbers of tablets, which may be part of a business archive of the temple, or even a library. Getting out the tablets is slow work, but I hope he will be able to thix up up before closing down.I have duly received your letter of Jan. 5th, notifying your despatch of a further sum of £406, bring up your total to £1906, to match ours.Since then Woolley cables that he has raised £50 from the British colony in Iraq, which must be the scheme referred to in his letter which I quoated in mine to you of Jan 13th. I am accordingly cabling to you to-day \"Addirional fifty pounds raised. please cable equivalent\". This cable will reach you before my letter, but I do not think it can cause any confusion.The Times had a message from their correspondent in Bagdad, calling attention to the approaching exhaustion of Woolley's funds; but the publication of this has not produced any offers of further help, and it looks as if we should have to stop at a total of £1956 on either side.I propose to release the reports to the Press for publication on February 4th.Yours sincerely[signature] F.G. Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON.May 29th, 1925.My dear Gordon, Woolley's boxes have arrived, and have been in process of unpacking for the last week or two. Legrain has been here for ten days, and has left this morning for France, en route to America. So I think it is time that I wrote to you with regard to the arrangements for next season. Woolley would certainly like to have Legrain again. He found him most helpful and an agreeable companion. I gather that Legrain prefers to express no personal preferences, but that he is willing to go out again if you so instruct him. I write therefore to ask you to send him, if it is not too inconvenient to you. Woolley has his eye on a possible architect, of good ability though without specifically archaeological experience, and has reason to hope that he can get his expenses paid. If Linnell goes again, that would complete the party. We are aiming at getting an exhibition ready by the begging of July. Of course the clou of it will be the great stelé.As to publications, I hope that before Woolley goes out we can arrange for (1) a volume on the temple of Tell el-Obeid, which is a completed piece of work deserving of separate:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, London: W.C.1. 22nd</ins April, 1930. Dear Mr. Jayne,I enclose Woolley's last articles for the Press, which I propose to release for publication here on Tuesday, May 13th.The results of the distribution of the season's finds seem to have been satisfactory for the expedition, and I hope we shall have an interest- ing exhibition this summer, though it will not be so spectacular as in the two preceding years.Yours sincerely [signature] F.G. Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, London: W.C.1.12th December, 1930.Dear Mr. Jayne, I enclose a letter from Woolley, intended forthe Press, which I propose to release for publicationhere on Tuesday, Dec. 30th.With best wishes for Christmas and the New Year, believe meYours sincerely[signed] F.G.Kenyon.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, London: W.C.1.13th July, 1928.Dear Mrs. McHugh, The accounts of the Joint Expedition forthe year ending June 30tth have now been made up, andI enclose a statement of them.The only point to which attention shouldspecially be directed is, I think, this: that Mr. Woolley's account of expenditure for June 1928 includes items of £200 for himself and Mrs. Woolley and £50 for Mr. Mallowanfor special work on the results of the expedition sincetheir return to England, for which there is at presentno authorisation. The large quantity of finds, and thecondition of many of them, have necessitated a greatamount of restorative work, which has made it necessaryfor Mr. and Mr. Woolley to take rooms in town, insteadof living at their own house in the country. The greaterpart of the £200 therefore represents actual out-of-pocket expenses; the rest, and the £50 for Mr. Mallowan, are a douceur for additional work. As the results of theseason have been so good, and the appropriations for theyear allow a sufficient margin to cover it, I hope youwill approve this expenditure./The:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, London: W.C.1.4th May, 1929.Dear Mrs. McHugh, I now have the figures of freight charges onthe transport of your part of the edition of RoyalInscriptions from Ur to Philadelphia. As this sum, £9.18.9, is due from you to us, I should be glad ifyou could have it sent, the Auditor having calledattention to it in our accounts as recoverable.Yours sincerely,[signed] A. EsdaileSecretary.Mrs. McHugh,The Univeristy Museum ofPennsylvania, Philadelphia.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON: W.C.1.Feb. 4th 1925My dear Gordon,Your assistant, Dr. [?initial indecipherable L.?] Reich, has asked me to recommend you to him for excavation work (I presume for you) in Palestine or Egypt. I don't like, however, giving testimonials on inadequate knowledge, and although I know something of his work as scholar, I know nothing of him as an excavator. As a scholar, he would be quite competent to accompany an expedition and read inscriptions, etc., which might be found; but I do not know that he has had any experience in actual excavation work.In short, you know more about him than I do, and I do not:
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British Museum, London: W.C.1.July 11, 1932Dear Jayne,I send herewith a completed Det. of prints often negatives taken at Ur last season: each is numbered, and I will send on as soon as [?permitted?] a list of explaining titles. Yours sincerelyC. Leonard WoolleyMissing Nos19631969[?L.L.?] Feb 3. 1933:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON: W.C.1.logo of British Museum on upper left of pageNannar, perhaps.In the top register, obverse, the bare arm [circled in red pencil] & [??can't read word] of water [phrase underlined in red pencil] attributed in the reconstruction to Nin-gal [??shown?] on the right arm [phrase underlined in red pencil] of the left-hand figure of Ur-Nammu[phrase underlined in red pencil] (facing Nammar): this seems to me certain. If you have any new ideas as to the portion of the fragments or if new fragments have been incorporated in the restored monument, please let me have a word on the subject or a photo if that is available. Sorry to bother you, & hope you are in better health.YoursLeonard Woolley.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON: W.C.1.March 22nd 1926.My dear Gordon,I enclose Woolley's latest report. I propose to release the communiqués to the Press for publication on April 13th.Many thanks for the last number of your Museum Journal. It is an:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, London: W.C.I.28.7.28Dear Miss McHugh, We are sending off to youa replica of the gold daggerand sheath found last year at Ur. The cost price, to you, is £1-11s. Please acknow-ledge receipt to me.Yours sincerely,H.R.Hall:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, London: W.C.I.I presume you will shortly pay into theEastern Bank the first instalment of your shareof the appropriation for the coming season. Wehave already paid in our first instalment (£1250).I trust we shall have another successfulseason, which will yet further extend our knowledgeof early Mesopotamian civilisation.Believe meYours sincerelyF. G. Kenyon [signature]:
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BRITISH MUSEUM, London: W.C.I4th October, 1928.Dear Mrs. McHugh, Your letter of Sept. 26th, enlosing adraft for £1250 in favour of Mr. Woolley has arrived, having crossed my letter to you of 29th, askingfor it. The amount will be duly paid into his accountwith the Eatern Bank.Yours sincerely[signature] F.G. Kenyon.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON W.C.1.19th July, 1927.Dear President Harrison,I am now in a position to write to you with regard to Woolley's accounts for the year ending on the 30th June, 1927, and his proposals for another season. You will remember that the account for the previous year showed a debit balance of £363. 18. 8. This deficit was made up as follows: £171. 18. 5. of it was due to Woolley's having exceeded by that amount the appropriation of £5000 made to him for that year, while £192. 0. 3. was due to the British Museum not having made up its full quota of £2500. The latter deficiency was made up shortly after the end of the year, and is of no importance except to explain the accounts; the former remained as a charge against the joint account for the year 1926-27.The expenditure during 1926-27 therefore stands as follows: £. s. d.Deficit from 1925-26 171. 18. 5.Expenditure in 1926-27 4296. 8. 3. (as returned by Mr. Woolley) [total] 4468. 6. 8.The portion due from each institution is therefore £2234. 3. 4./Against:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON : W.C.1.15th December, 1928.Dear Mrs. McHugh,I have delayed answering your letter of Oct.25th, because it was impossible to form even an estimate of the date when it would be possible to send off your share of the Ur collections until the exhibition had been closed and some progress had been made with the electrotyping. There are in all 22 objects of which we are making reproductions, of the originals of which 9 belong to Baghdad and 13 to you. Five of the Baghdad set have been completed (two of them in two examples), and two of yours. The rest are in progress. Allowing for the delay caused by Christmas I think it will be the end of January before we shall be able to send your share, both of originals and of copies, off to you; and there will still remain to be made such reproductions as you may want of originals which stay here. If, however, we are able to send the originals for your exhibition, the reproductions can wait until they return.We shall certainly be able to send you a considerable quantity of minor objects (pottery, beads, /etc.):
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON, W.C.1.11th November, 1926.My dear Gordon,Thanks for your letter of October 23rd. I am afraid that by an oversight the draft title-page of the Tell al-Ubaid volume was not enclosed with my letter of October 8th. I send it now with apologies.Woolley's official party consists of himself, Mallowan, Burrows and Whitburn. I believe he expects to have Mrs. Keeling's help again, but that is a private arrangement for which we have no financial responsibility.Yours sincerely[signed] F. G. Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON, W.C.1.15th March, 1927.Dear President Harrison,I send you herewith Woolley's final reports for the season, in the usual two forms, identical with those which here are sent to the \"Times\" and to the general Press agencies respectively. I propose to release them for publication here on April 12th, which will give you ample time to arrange for simultaneous publication in America.As you will see, the season has been exceptionally prolific in small objects, and even after Baghdad has taken its share, enough will remain to give both of our Museums a good display. The gold dagger, which is the gem of the whole collection, will necessarily be claimed for Baghdad; but Woolley is bringing it home in order that electrotypes may be made of it.I presume you have not yet appointed a successor to Dr. Gordon?Believe meYours sincerely[signed]F. G. KenyonDear Miss McHugh I will answer this letter.C.C.H.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON, W.C.1.1st July, 1931.[drawing (crest of NATIONAL SCHEME FOR DISABLED MEN)]Dear Mr. Jayne,Many thanks for your letter of 23rd June, enclosing a draft for £197. 9. 6, representing the balance due to us on the Ur Excavation Account for the last campaign.I note what you say about Dr.Legrain, and your desire that he should be entrusted with the publication of the seals and terracottas, as well as any of the epigraphical material that may be assigned to him. You may be sure that the suggestion will be most sympathetically considered; I am sending it forward at once, and will remember it when the time comes for mapping out the work. Sidney Smith and Gadd both approve of the suggestion; Woolley is away, but I am mentioning it in a letter to him.Count Constantini tells me that he is expecting you in Rome this summer. I hope you will look in on us on your way.Yours sincerelyGeorge F Hill [signature]Horace H.F.Jayne, Esq.,University Museum,Philadelphia,Pa.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON, W.C.1.22nd February, 1928.Dear Mrs.McHugh,I enclose Mr.Woolley's final articles for the Press, received here toâday. I propose to release the corresponding articles for publication here on March 13th.In consequence of a cable from Mr.Woolley. \"Hold all letters\", received on Feb. 6th, I held back the publication of the articles which were to have been issued on Feb. l4th, thinking that his cable perhaps referred to them. From his letters received toâday it appears that his real meaning was that no more letters were to be forwarded to him, as (in consequence of the serious state of Mrs.Woolley's eyesight) he was leaving shortly for England. I am accordingly issuing the earlier set of press articles now, retaining for March 13th the final articles received toâday. By that date Mr.Woolley himself should be in England.Thanks for your letters of Jan.31 and Feb.9. I have asked Mr.Hall to arrange for the casts and photographs which you want. With regard to Dr.Barton's request, I think it is reasonable that he should be asked:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON, W.C.1.Memo. on allocation of cost of moulds and casts of objects from Ur.As the majority of tile moulds and casts will be made here (all those of which the originals return to Baghdad, all of which the originals stay here, and probably some of which the originals go to Philadelphia), it seems that the fair procedure will be to charge the cost of manufacture of both moulds and casts equally to the two Museums, and for each Museum to account to the other for half the receipts for casts sold.When casts are supplied to Baghdad, the cost would be borne equally by the British Museum and the University Museum.F.G.KJan 3rd 1928.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,London, W.C.1Dec. 5th 1927Dear Mrs McHugh,Woolley's report of his great find has come in today. I am posting the articles he has written for you at once, so that they will go by the mail to-morrow ('Berengaria'), so that they should reach you, I suppose, about the 12th or 13th. In order to allow a margin for delay, and for you to make your arrangements, I propose to publish then on Dec. 16th.It is a fine find, and there may be much more to come.Yours sincerely,F. G. Kenyon.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON,13th February, 1926.My dear Gordon,Woolley has raised, as a matter of urgency, a subject which we have previously discussed without coming to any definite conclusions, namely the method of publication of the results of our joint expedition. All that has been arranged hitherto is that a volume dealing with Tell el-Obeid (a separate topic of dimensions manageable in a single volume) shall be produced, if possible, this year. Woolley's part of it is nearly complete, and Hall's will be ready by the time he comes back, so that it should be possible to go to press in the course of the summer.The architectural history of Ur cannot, of course, be undertaken until the excavations are more advanced. But the question of the publication of the texts discovered in the course of the excavations is urgent. As they occur at haphazard, and deal with all manner of subjects, without definite boundaries or completeness as a collection, it seems quite useless to wait until the excavations are complete, perhaps years hence, and then set to work to produce an ordered and classified publication of the texts found. I think our duty rather is to give the contents of these texts to the world of scholars as soon as we reasonably can:
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British Museum,London,19th June, 1928,Dear Madam,Dr. Hall asks me to call your attention to the fact that photographs of the stone relief of the moon disk and a fragment of a stela and of another fragment, with the photographs of Ur for 1926-7, were sent to you some time ago. This box was despatched on the 23rd April and was put by our agents Messrs. F. Stahlschmidt & Co., 8 Fenchurch Buildings, E.C. on the S.S. \"London Corporation\" on April 28th; the Bill of Lading was forwarded to you on April 30th. I should be glad to know whether these have arrived safely, as, if not, enquiries should be made.Yours sincerely,A. EsdaileSecretaryMrs. McHughUniversity Museum of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.12th August, 1924.My dear Gordon, I have received your letter of July 24th, confirming and explaining your cable of the same date, just after coming away for my holiday; but I am only at my cottage at Godstone, so there is no difficulty about attending to business.I am sorry that you should have been put to inconvenience by the want of correspondence between estimates and expenditure in the two previous seasons. It is, of course, very difficult, if not impossible, for the director of the excavations to determine exactly the amount which he will be able to spend to advantage in a given season. In the first season M.r Woolley closed down as soon as he had spent the sum allotted to him, when he might have continued work for a few more weeks if he had had the money. In the second he asked for more money. Both methods have their inconveniences, as you found; but the only third alternative is to ask for me than he is at all likely to spend; and that also might be inconvenient. However, so far as we are concerned, we are quite willing to fall in with whichever method is most convenient to you, if you will let me know your wishes.As to the bad effect of the announcement that the Iraq Government had retained all the most|important objects found, you understand of course that we had no part or responsibility in it. It emanated from irresponsible press correspondents:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.13th. January 1925.My dear Gordon,I have received your letter of Jan.2nd, notifying me of your payment to the Eastern Bank, Ltd., London, of the sum of £190.10s., bringing your contribution to the funds of the joint Ur Expedition up to £1500.You will before now have received my letter of Dec.23rd, informing you that the total contribution on the part of the British Museum then amounted to £1906. I shall therefore hope to receive from you in due course the further sum of £406, in order to bring up your contribution to the same figure. I have already, in response to a cable from Mr. Woolley, advanced the greater part of this sum to him, to enable him to keep at work.I have received no additional contributions since Dec.23rd; but Mr. Woolley, in a personal letter received by me yesterday, writes as follows:\"I have taken a new step, which may or may not prove successful, to raise money. If it succeeds, the cash will be given in the name of the British Museum, and then we can claim a corresponding amount from Philadelphia. So, should it work, I shall cable you the amount, and will you will cable to Gordon and ask mask him to pay in his share also by cable, for it is rather the last moment?\".I have no idea what his scheme is, but if I receive any report of success from him, I will cable to yo (e.g. \"Woolley has raised - pounds\"), leaving you to cable your contribution to the Eastern Bank, either in London or Basra. I imagine it will not occasion any material delay if you prefer to have your whole account go through London, but that is entirely/your:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.17th December,1925.My dear Gordon,1. I have just received Woolley's report for November, and enclose herewith the articles he has prepared for the Press. I propose to release the corresponding articles here for publication on January 5th, which I trust gives you ample time.2. With regard to your letter of December 3rd, I am very sorry you have not received all the information you require. As to the inventories, you have received that for 1922-23 (1-1054); that for 1924-25 (2501-3356) has just been finished and is going to you now; but that for 1923-24 has not yet been completed, and I am told it may take another fortnight. As to the photographs, I am afraid most of the information is in Woolley's hands, as he has taken with him the book with the numbered list of photographs. Meanwhile Gadd has done what he can with the list you sent, which I return. He has written in some descriptions and identified some of the numbers.3. I have just received the separate prints of Woolley's report in the Antiquaries Journal, and am sending you two dozen copies, which I think is the number you have had previously.Best wishes for the new year. I trust your exhibition will go well.yours very sincerelyF.G. Kenyon.P.S. Your cable, [?reporting?] the transmission of £86[?q?], has just arrived.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.18th March, 1921.Dear Dr. Gordon,I have now received an answer from the Colonial Office with regard to the possibility of an application from you to excavate in Mesopotamia being granted. It is as follows:\"I should be grateful if you would inform the University of Pennsylvania through Dr. Gordon that American archaeologists confidently assume that as soon as the permanent form of Government for Mesopotamia has been determined the question of archaeology in that county will be considered as a whole, and that it would be preferable for that body to defer a second application for a few more months.\"So far as this Museum is concerned, I think we shall probably put it in an application about July next, with a view to sending out Mr. Hall in the autumn.Yours sincerely,F.G. Kenyon [signature]Dr. G.B. Gordon,University of Pennsylvania.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.23rd December, 1924.My dear Gordon,I forward herewith articles received from Woolley for publication. As mails may be delayed by Christmas, I propose not to publish them here till Jan. 14th.I have altered one word in Woolley's article, where he described a casket as \"Egyptian work\". Hall holds that it is not Egyptian work, but Phoenician imitation of Egyptian work. I have therefore substituted the word \"character\", so as to leave Woolley an opening for reconsideration.I am afraid this season is not likely to be fruitful in museum objects. It will also apparently be s[h]ort, as Woolley on Dec. 5th talks of only being able to go on for two months. The total of our contribution now amounts to [Pounds]1906. Will you arrange to make your corresponding payment now, if you have not already done so before this reaches you?I am sorry for the delay in sending your consignment of antiquities. The people who are making the casts promised them in the first week of December, but (in spite of pressure) have only just completed them; and now the first boat for Philadelphia sails on Jan. 2nd. I have got the necessary papers from the U.S. Consulate, so I hope there will be no delay in clearing them at your end.Best wishes for the new year.Yours sincerelyF. [?]. Kenyon [signature]:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.23rd. September 1925.My dear Gordon, I have received your letters of Sept.8, 10 and 11, and, having just come back from my holiday, I have seen Woolley, and have read the letter to him to which you refer. Briefly, I can say at once without hesitation that I see no difficulty about complying with all your suggestions and requests, and have authorised Woolley to cable to that effect. To take them in detail:1. I agree that it will be best to postpone the division of last year's finds until they can be amalgamated with the finds of one or more future years. 2. I agree that the large stela, with any other objects of special interest from last season's finds, should be sent to you for exhibition. Our exhibition will close at the end of this month, and they can be packed and sent to you forthwith. With the Tell el-Obeid discoveries of the previous year you should have no difficulty in making an impressive exhibition. 3. The drawings (restorations of the Tell el-Obeid temple and Ur ziggurat), to which you refer in your letter to Woolley, can of course be sent. Eventually they should be duplicated, as each Museum will presumably want a copy. Plans also can and should be duplicated. 4. I agree to the increase of Woolley's salary to £800. The estimate of £5000 for the season takes that into account. /5. As:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.25th February, 1924.My dear Gordon,I send you herewith Woolley's latest communication for the papers. There are delays in the mails here, owing to our dock strike, so I had better allow a wider margin in order to secure simultaneous publication. I propose therefore to let our papers have it on Monday, March 10th. If you prefer to let yours have it on the preceding Saturday, no harm will be done.Woolley writes that his funds are nearly exhausted. Indeed in his letter of Feb 1st, received here on Feb. 18th, he said that he did not think he could go on beyond Feb. 17th, at least not at full strength. How he arrives at this, I do not know, as according to the accounts I have received his total expenditure up to Jan. 31st was £2673. However meanwhile I had received an offer of a contribution of £250 to enable us to prolong the work, and accordingly I cabled to you on Fed. 19:\"Woolley's funds nearly exhausted. Can find 250 pounds here. Will you add proportionately\".At the same time I cabled to Woolley that we had the £250 extra, and that I was asking you if you could contribute. No doubt I shall have your answer shortly.Your sincerelyF.G. Kenyon [signature]Feb 26thP.S. Your cable of assent just arrived.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.26th September, 1924.My dear Gordon,Your letters of September 10 and 16 just received. Woolley starts for Mesopotamia on the 30th, and I write now to put on record the position as we stand now.I have had a summary account drawn up for the year 1923-24, including certain small items (receipts from sales of report, and interest on deposit) which have not, I think, appeared before, and making definite the balance from last year available for this season's work.Including our share of this balance, we have now a total of £1730 promised for the coming season, but I have hopes of more, and trust that we shall reach the full sum of £2125 which you have, by your letter of 4th September, agreed to meet with an equal amount. I will of course give you notice of further contributions on our side, so as to enable you to make your corresponding remittances at your convenience.I note that you ask Woolley to let you have fortnightly reports as to the progress of his expenditure. I take it, however, that you do not want to be asked for anything in excess of £2125, except in the event of some quite exceptional new developments. As Woolley has not been able to secure a trained architect, he fully expects that a total of £4250 will be as much as he can profitably spend, although Dr. Legrain's salary has to come out of it. Will:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.27th March, 1925.My dear Gordon,Many thanks for your letters of February 20th and March 10th. With regard to the former, I am authorised by my Trustees to say that (subject to any new point that may arise when Mr. Woolley has returned and it has been possible to discuss future plans with him) they are prepared to undertake another season's work at Ur on the same basis as during the year now current.I am sorry you are in difficulties about your work at Beisan. I did not put any pressure on Woolley, indeed I did not communicate with him on the subject; but I think he is wise not to undertake this additional work, and I am glad to know that you concur.As you will see from the report which I enclose, the season ended with a remarkable discovery, which will serve as a fine focus for a campaign which, though scientifically valuable and productive of a good quanitity of minor objects, would otherwise not have been comparable with the previous season in respect of objects likely to attract public interest.I propose to release this material to the Press on April 15th.Yours very sincerelyF.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.29th August, 1924.My dear Gordon,I have received your letter of August 11th. Woolley has lately been engaged in getting on with the report on Tell Obeid; but as he cannot finish it before starting out, and as Hall's portion also is not ready, I think (after consultation with him) that it will be best for him now to concentrate on the repairs of the objects which are to be sent to you. There is not much time to spare, and I have told him that he had better limit himself to those repairs which need his own handling or supervision, leaving anything more that is required to you.I enclose a copy of a letter from him to me, which, as you will see, he thinks you should have. It is as well that all the parties principally concerned should know what the others think, and you have always kept me fully posted up as to your communication with him. It needs, however, two qualifications: (1) he is wrong in thinking that the salaries of Smith and Gadd were not reckoned as part of the British Museum contribution; and (2) the additional money sent out at the end of the last season was sent in reply, if not to a request, at any rate to an intimation that without more money he would have to close down before completing a desirable piece of work.In general, however, if blame attaches to anyone for the financial arrangement of last season, it is to me and not to him. You will remember that at the end of the first season we both regretted his closing down so early, without giving us the chance of sending him more money; so when, towards:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.29th December, 1926.My dear Gordon,I do not think I have ever acknowledged your cable, announcing the payment of your second instalment of £1250 for Woolley's expedition, which was received here on Dec. 8th. I am sorry to say I am not sure whether we shall be able to use the whole of this. Money is coming in slowly here, and at present I do not see my way to more than £2000 on our side. I am therefore writing to Woolley, putting him in full possession of the facts, and telling him he must not go beyond a total of £4000 without express authority. If I succeed in raising anything above £2000, I will authorise him to spend it, together with the equivalent from you. Or if you should approve of his going up to the limit of your £2500, and take the chance of our being able to meet it, perhaps you would let me know, and I will instruct Woolley accordingly.By the end of this season we ought to be able to look round and take stock of our work. We shall have finished, or nearly finished, what Woolley calls the Temenos, or group of buildings which (with the Ziggurat) are enclosed within one surrounding wall. We can then consider whether it is desirable to embark on a fresh campaign in another part of Ur. Having completed one definite unit of the site, we can either go on or stop with credit. I express no opinion at present, and should wish to hear Woolley's report at the end of the season before making up my mind; but it is as well to have the problem in our minds well in advance.With best wishes for the new year, I remainYours very sincerelyF. G. Kenyon.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.31st. July 1925.My dear Gordon,I have delayed writing to you until I had got in Woolley's accounts, and could see how we stand in respect of the finance of the next season. The accounts of last season were a good deal complicated by the fact that we had to cable out money to him in excess of our share, in order to save the dig from interruption, and this has to be replaced from the balance standing to the credit of the account at the end of the season.You have, I believe, received Woolley's statement direct from him, so I need not enclose or repeat it. I have only to state the result as between us and you. Your last remittance of £250 during the season (on Jan.20th) was accompanied by a statement that it was to be taken as an extra contribution, over and above your half share. I presume I may therefore take the whole of the sum contributed by you, viz. £2366.0.3, as devoted OKto the excavations of last season. The account then appears to stand as follows:/Cost of expedition2366.0.3 includes balance from last [?year?] of £160.0.3actual remittances including Legrain's salary £2206.0.32366.0.3250_________2116.0.3:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.5th February 1926.My dear Gordon,I have not until now had time to go into the accounts forwarded with your letter of Jan.2nd. I think you have been led into error by basing your calculations on Woolley's figures, which, though no doubt correct so far as they go, are not complete. There are additions to be made to both sides of the account. To take the British Museum side first: British Museum contribution as stated by Woolley (see statement attached to your letter) 2799. 2. 9Iraq con included Add: Balance from 1923-24 130. 0. 1OK Contribution from Mr. Reckitt 250. 0. 0?was Mr Reckett's sub of £250. an Iraq subscription. No Total 3179. 2.10 There is a similar but not so large addition to bemade on your side: Philadelphia contribution as stated by Woolley 2206. 0. 0OK Add: Balance from 1923-24 160. 0. 3OK Total 2366. 0. 3 On this basis (to follow the lines of your statement) the credit forthe British Museum in excess of that for the University Museum would be£813.2.7, and the middle section of your statement would run as follows: Woolley's estimate for 1925-26, for each institution 2500. 0. 0 Credit balance from 1924-25 855.19. 6 Due to B.M. for excess contribution as above 813. 2. 7 Leaving a balance to be credited to both institutions 42.16.11 I.e. for each 21. 8. 5½ Due from University Museum to complete allotment for 1925-26 £2478.11. 6½OK2352[?£1751?]:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.6th November 1922My dear Gordon,I have received your cable of Oct. 12th, and your letters of Oct. 5th and 13th. So far as Hunter is concerned, I went to see him in hospital, and did what I could to secure that he should be made comfortable. He was quiet in his conversation, and his meaning was generally intelligible; but it was incoherent and he could not keep to a subject. He was, in fact, very far from well, and I am afraid he will need care for a considerable time. It was a relief when his brother came to fetch him away; and on Oct. 27th I heard that they were starting back the next day. I told Mr. Alfred Hunter that he had better arrange with you about financial matters, and that I should hear from you. I have no doubt you wish to deal liberally with the Hunter family, as this breakdown has occurred in the service of our expedition; and we shall be ready to concur in any arrangement that seems to you suitable.As regards a successor, I am sorry you cannot provide one, for the reasons I have already given. I am in communication with Lawrence, but he could not start immediately; I hope to get something settled in a day or two. Meanwhile the only news I have is a cable from Woolley at Basra, dated Oct. 26th, saying \"Expedition starting on\".Believe meYours sincerely[Signature] F. L. KenyonP.S. Would you kindly forward the enclosed letter to Mr. Hunter? I have not his American address.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.6th November, 1925.My dear Gordon, I have received your letter of October 20th; also your cable of October 21st, notifying your transmission of £1,000 to the Eastern Bank. We have paid into the Bank upwards of £1,300 to date.As you wish to have all the objects included in our last exhibition, including the boundary stones, etc., which we had thought you would not want, they are all being sent. The great stelé has been delayed by the necessity of making two casts of it, but that will leave England by the boat which sails on November 20th. The first consignment starts to-day, and I trust it will reach you in good condition. I have no news from Woolley yet. I do not know whether he or Hall reported to you as to the progress of the volume on Tell el-Obeid. Woolley's part is mainly written, but there are a few details which he cannot complete until he returns next spring. Hall will be away in Egypt from now till Christmas, but has undertaken to complete his part before Woolley's return. It should therefore be possible to send the book to the printers about June. Before then you and I must settle details as to method of publication, number of copies, etc. Perhaps you will have this in mind. I am anxious to get a volume out, and the Tell el-Obeid temple makes a manageable:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.December 22nd, 1922.My dear Gordon, You have, I hope, received Woolley's report on his arrival in Mesopotamia, his good reception at Bagdad, and the commencement of work at Ur, where they had already found ornaments and pottery in trial trenches. The next report should show them fairly settled down to work, and they should shortly be reinforced by A.W.Lawrence, who left England on Dec. 7th.I have received an account for £7. 19. 6. from the local authorities here for expenses in connection with Paul Hunter. I do not know what arrangements you are making with his relatives, but meanwhile I am paying it out of the funds of the expedition.I hope I may be seeing you before long; for, much to my surprise, I am going to America in February to address the American Classical League. It will be a hurried visit, as I can only spend eighteen days on the continent, and the draft programme includes places as far apart as Washington, Montreal and Chicago; but Philadelphia is among the places named, and if I get there I shall naturally want to see your Museum. The programme is in the hands of Dean Andrew F. West, of Princeton, and at present I know no more about it than this.Best wishes for the new year,Yours sincerely[signature] F.G. Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.June, 1924.My dear Gordon,I have received your letter of May 26th, and fear you are asking too much of us in asking the loan of Mr. Waley for nine months or a year. No doubt it would be good for him to see your collections (though his interest is rather in paintings and manuscripts than in sculpture), and I should like him also to see the principal collections elsewhere in America; but as the Oriental sub-department of prints and Drawings consists wholly of Binyon and Waley, I fear we could not spare either of them for so long a period without more detriment to ourselves than we are justified in incurring.Woolley is at work on his collections, and we hope to have some sort of exhibition ready by about the middle of July. What is taking time is the treatment of the copper reliefs. We really need more workers of the skilled repairer type than we have available. And this raises a question of some importance. have you at your disposal skilled workmen who will be able to deal with, e.g., the copper bulls, if we send on your share to you just as they have arrived from Mesopotamia? Or do you want the necessary treatment to be done here? In the latter case, I presume you would be prepared to pay for the extra labour required, and the sooner we look about for a qualified man or men the better.Are you coming over? And have you any proposals to make with regard to staff for next season?Yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.leaving us a balance to be carried forward to 1925-6 of --163;23. 5. 4.Woolley's estimate for 1925-6 amounts to --163;5000, which means that each institution is asked to raise --163;2500. At the present moment we have only about --163;1700, but we are expecting to have more in shortly. I hope therefore that we shall be able to raise the full amount required for the year. The party will consist of Woolley, Legrain, an architect who has been designated but whose name I forget, and a young Oxford man named Mallowan, who will come for his expenses.I hope this financial statement is clear, but if there is anything obscure, or to which you take exception, please let me know.Our exhibition of the results of the last season is now on view. It is not large, and (with the exception of the great stele'[mark over the e]) less important than last year, since so much of the work consisted of the clearance of buildings, which can only be represented by plans and photographs.As to the canard about the site, I have not yet had an answer from Miss Bell, but am glad to hear (if I may mix my metaphors) that the bottom has dropped out of it.I expect to leave for my holiday next week, but shall not be far away. I am sorry you are not coming over this year.My wife sends her kind regards.Yours very sincerelyF. G. Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.that we found most of the staff and what you described as the local goodwill. But this may quite well be reconsidered in view of the other advantages that we have, and if you propose a half-and-half division of the cost, we shall not demur. As you are this year contributing a member of the staff, I hope you will at the end of the season have the same advantage as we have hitherto had in the matter of first-hand lectures on the results.I am trying to get outside assistance, but do not think we shall be able to contribute more than £1250, or £1500 at most. If you do the same, we shall have a total of £2500 or £3000, and Woolley must cut his coat according to his cloth. It will mean either a shorter season or a selection of portions of the site which do not need the employment of large gangs of labour; probably the latter. When you know what you can do, perhaps you will cable the result, so that Woolley can have his instructions before he starts. He would like, if possible, to have half his grant available at the end of August, and the other half at the end of December, as last year. We can advance all, or the greater part, of our contribution at once.Your last paragraph rather distresses me, as you appear to think that I am anxious to claim the expedition as in the main affair of the British Museum. That is not in the least my feeling, and even the words you quote do:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.There is no charge to be made for packing and shipping the collections to you, since the packing was done by the staff of the Department, and the shipping charges were left to be collected at your end. I know therefore of no charges outstanding against you except those just stated.I trust that this statement will clear up the financial position to your satisfaction.Yours very sincerely[signature] F. G. Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON3rd November 1920.Dear Dr Gordon,I am much obliged by your letter of Oct.14th. enclosing copy of the answer of the India Office to your request to be allowed to dig in Mesopotamia.It is, of course, the fact that at present excavation is impossible, owing to the disturbed state of the country. It is also the case that the Treaty of Peace with Turkey imposes on that country the obligation to prepare a new Law of Antiquities in accordance with certain principles, and that a similar duty will be incumbent on the Administration of Mesopotamia. Our joint Archaeological Committee ( which inspired the clause in the Turkish Treaty ) has been invited to give its views as to the provisions of the law, and also to make suggestions with regard to a draft Law of Antiquities for Palestine.Our Committee has this matter in hand, and will lose no time in formulating its views. Therefore it willDr G.B. Gordon.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON4th February, 1925.My dear Gordon,Your letter of Jan. 20th arrived yesterday. I agree with your figures except for your total of £4112 is presumably aslip of the pen for £4162 (3812 plus 300 plus 50). Also you have omitted to credit yourself with your share of the balance from 1923-24, viz. £160.Since the date of your letter I have had a cable from Woolley to the effect that his local appeal was likely to produce £250 (evidently including the £50 first reported by cable). Taking this figure as realised. and adding a small additional contribution received here, I make the total sum available for the year, from all sources to be as follows:British Museum £. s. d. Balance from 1923-24 130. 0. 0. Grant by Trustees 1250. 0. 0. Subscriptions 528. 6. 0. Raised by Woolley in Iraq 250. 0. 0. ________________ 2158. 6. 0.Philadelphia Balance from 1923-24 160. 0. 0. Legrain, salary 397. 10. 0. " travelling 162. 0. 0. Remitted, Sept. 8 750. 0. 0. " Dec. 30 190. 10. 0. " Jan. 5 406. 0. 0. " " 21 300. 0. 0. ________________ 2366. 0. 0. _________ Total 4524. 6. 0. ==========As:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W. C. 1.15th August, 1927.Dear Madam,I have to acknowledge your two letters of the 2nd, one with cheque, which I have just received and have sent on to Sir Frederic Kenyon, who is away, and who will no doubt answer them himself.The Oxford Press despatched the 250 copies of the al 'Ubaid volume to you on 28th July, and you have by now probably received them.By an oversight the American Journal of Semitic Languages, Chicago, was included among the recipients of presentation copies sent by us. The following European additions have been made to the presentation list (see your list, sent us on November 17th, 1926, and Sir Frederic Kenyon's letter to Mr. Gordon of 4th December).Journal of the Society of Antiquaries.Antiquity.Major Gen. Sir G.F. MacMunn.Major Gen. H.C. Sutton.Sir A.T. Wilson.Sir A. Keith.Mr. M.E.L. Mallowan.These will presumably not affect your list, as we are taking responsibility for presentations on this side.I am,dear Madam,Yours faithfully[signed]A. [?Esdaile?]Secretary.Miss Jane M. McHugh.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C. 1.15-12-25The Director,University Museum of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Dear Dr Gordon,I am sending you today a registered packet containing typewritten copies of the index cards of objects from Ur for the season 1924-5, which have only just been finished. The set for the season 1923-4 are still unfinished and I shall not be able to forward these to you until the New Year.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C. 1.7th March, 1922Dear Dr. Gordon,As I did not hear from you in answer to my letter of Nov. 18th, I took it for granted that there would be no expedition this year. As it turned out, we could have provided a man, since there is no likelihood of Wooolley being able to return to Carchemish at present; but we could not have provided money.Your letter of Jan. 5th arrived about a month ago but I have not answered it earlier, as there was nothing very definite to say. I understand from the Colonial Office that the Mesopotamian Administration have drafted a provisional scheme for the control of antiquities, and are now prepared to give permits to applicants employing a competent excavator; and they particularly mentioned your application as one which would naturally be approved.Your suggestion of an archaeological survey is interesting, but I am afraid it would be difficult for us to join in it. Our funds available for an expedition are funds for the acquisition of objects for the Museum; and though we could embark on a speculation, such as the excavation of a site, without a certainty of an adequate return, we could not use our money simply for a survey. Of course such a survey would be a proper task for an administration of antiquities; and if the Iraq Government would find the funds for such a purpose, we might help them to find the staff. But I doubt if they will be able to spare money for such a purpose.Dr. G. B. Gordon.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1. 16th June, 1928.Dear Mrs. McHugh,With reference to your letter of May 31st, the total cost of the 250 copies of Ur Texts has been £719 5s. Your share therefore is £359 12s. 6d. The 125 copies for you are being packed up and will be despatched shortly.Our exhibition of last season's work opens on June 22nd. We have in hand the preparation of electrotypes, but it is a slow process if the resultsare to be satisfactory.With regard to the staff for next season, have you anyone whom you wish to send? If not, the personnel will probably be the same as last year.Yours sincerelyF.G.Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1. he has had to go 4th March, 1921.Dear Dr. Gordon,I have delayed a short time before answering your letter of Jan. 25th, in the hope of being able to give you a definite answer. The administration of Mesopotamia is in a state of transition.. Its control has lately been removed from the India Office to the Colonial Office. This in itself is a gain; for the India Office was disposed to be dilatory and obscurantist while at the Colonial Office the men who will have to deal with Mesopotamia are sympathetic towards archaeology. The person principally concerned is Col. Lawrence, who was digging for us at Carchemish before the war. Hr has only-just been appointed to his present post, and I wrote at once to ask what answer I could give to your inquiry. Unfortunately he has had to go out with Mr. Winston Churchill to Egypt for a conference on the affairs of the East, and until he comes back no decision can be taken. Indeed the answer largely depends on the results of the conference; for the possibilities of excavation will vary according to the policy that may be adopted in Mesopotamia.For the moment, therefore, there is nothing to be done; but I should hope to be able to send you more definite information in a few weeks. If the result should be favourable, there will still be plenty of time to arrange for an expedition in the autumn.IDr. G. B. Gordon.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.11th May, 1926.My dear Gordon,I have to acknowledge your letter of April 14, enclosing draft for £125, in completion of your contribution towards the joint expedition to Mesopotamia for 1925-25; and also your draft for £29. 8s. 9d. in discharge of your debt to the British Museum for casts and a card list of antiquities, as stated in my letter of February 5th last. Our accounts are for the present closed to our mutual satisfaction.Woolley arrived in London last week. His cases may arrive in the docks any day, but owing to the senseless strike in which we are now engaged it is impossible to say when we shall get them here. Meanwhile he and Hall can arrange for the completion of the Tell el-Obeid volume, and I hope soon to get to the state of estimates of cost of production.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,London: W.C.1.12th April, 1928.Dear Mrs. McHugh, With reference to your letter of March 13th,we did not know what method you would adopt for puttingthe publications of the Joint Expedition on sale inAmerica. We therefore confined our statement to England, leaving you free to add anything in your copies withregard to sales in your country. We can, however, if you wish it, in future add \" In the United States at the University of Pennsylvania Press, 3438 Walnut Street, Philadelphia\". Will that meet your wishes?I am afraid it is too late to make the addition in the first volume of Ur Texts, which isprinted off, and of which the copies have now beendelivered. You will no doubt receive your share shortly.But in all future volumes the addition can be made.Mr. Woolley is at home now, with a largeconsignment of his wonderful discoveries. We hope tohave an exhibition ready about the end of June.Yours sincerelyF.G.Kenyon (signature):
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.13th June, 1927.Dear President Harrison,I have received your letter of May 27th, and am glad to know that most of your questions have already been answered in my letter of the 26th, which you have doubtless received by now.The exhibition of last season's work is nearly ready for opening to the public; but we have no news yet of the two principal objects, the gold dagger and the gold toilet-set, which the Iraq Department of Antiquities promised to send by the official bag in time to reach us by June 1st. As soon as they come, the exhibition will be opened. It has been usual to keep such exhibitions open till about October; but of course your representative would be welcome at any time, and arrangements could be made for the division of the objects.Woolley has not yet been able to draft his proposals for next season. I understand Dr. Legrain is not likely to go out again, but I believe Mr. Burrows will be available, and also Mr. Mallowan. As the principal work will be the further clearance of the cemetery, an architect will not be required. I do not know whether you have heard that Mr. Woolley has recently married Mrs. Keeling, who was with the expedition last season and rendered very valuable assistance in registering, drawing, and repairing the objects found, as well as in the housekeeping. She is an Oxford graduate, and seems a quite capable person. She will accompany the expedition again next season. Probably it will be wise to budget for about the same amount as last year, viz. £5000 in all; but I have no definite figures yet.Delivery:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,London: W.C.1.17th January, 1928.Dear Mrs. McHugh,Here is another instalment of Woolley's amazing discoveries, or rather the Press articles corresponding to the report of Jan. 3rd which you will no doubt have received direct. In order that my Trustees may be able to hear the news before it is published in the papers, and also to make quite sure that you have ample time to make your arrangements, I propose to release these articles for publication in the Press on Feb. 14th.Woolley suggests that in view of the exceptional value of this season's discoveries he should be authorised to increase the douceurs paid to his foremen ( the ordinary labourers are already receiving more, as their baksheesh is proportioned to the articles found), and also to the Sheikh to whose faithful guard of the site during the interval between the seasons we owe the fact that the site has not been plundered. I presume you will agree.It is evident that we must, if possible, finish the cemetery this season, in order not to leave too great a temptation to plunderers behind. Supposing this involves an extension of the season ( I have no idea whether it will, nor, I suppose, can Woolley tell yet), should you be able and willing to increase your appropriation beyond the £2500? I think we could, if it becomes necessary. I only ask the question now in order that you may be prepared with an answer in case it should be necessary to cable later./Woolley:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,London: W.C.1.18th December, 1929.Dear Mr. Jayne, I can at least inform you that the objects fromUr destined for Philadelphia will leave England by the S.S. \"Aquitania\" on Jan. 8th. We have not been anxiousto expedite their transmission , on account of the stormyweather which has been prevalent for the last month;andfor the same reason we have not been anxious for thereturn of our objects from your Museum. In January Ihope we may reasonably expect calmer weather.You will remember that I wrote to you withregard to the procedure to be followed in dealing withapplications for leave to reproduce photographs of objectsfrom Ur, the general procedure principle being that all threeMuseum concerned in the excavations should have equalrights to publish photographs for their own purposes, butthat otherwise the right of control should rest with the Museum to which the objects in question was finally allotted.Mr. Sidney Smith agrees to this principle, but has notyet been able to obtain a formal decision from the IraqDepartment of Antiquities. Meanwhile I think it will besafe to continue to act on this principle./An:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.18th November 1921.Dear Dr. Gordon,I am very sorry I missed seeing you when you passed through London. I did not know you had been here.In Irak everything is held up until a Director of Antiquities has been found and appointed. The Colonial Office have been making efforts to find a suitable man, but when I last heard they had not succeeded.So far as we are concerned, I doubt if the Treasury will allow us to spend money on excavations this winter. The only chance would be if there were a possibility of co-operation with you, on the lines which you have suggested more than once, according to which you would bear the larger part of the financial burden, while we provided some at least of the workers and the goodwill of the authorities in Mesopotamia. If it is impossible to resume work at Carchemish, Woolley would be available for Mesopotamia after Christmas.If you see any possibility of work on these lines, I would put in a fresh application to the Colonial Office; but I rather fear it may now be too late for you to arrange an expedition for the early months of next year. Unless one can get to work by February, the season would be too short to be worth the expense of the expedition.Yours sincerely[signature] F.G. Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.20th December, 1928Dear Mrs. McHugh, I forward herewith Woolley's first letters for the Press, which I propose to release for publication here on Friday, Jan.11th, I trust that will give you ample time.As you will see, the results continue very good, and hold out hopes of a season fully comparable with that of last year.Yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.25th January, 1929.Dear Mrs. McHugh,Many thanks for your letter of Jan.11th, and for the draft for £15.8.1.enclosed with it.We hope to send off the first and principal instalment of the Ur objects by the Cunard boat (Mauretania) which sails on Feb.6th. We will make all arrangements about packing and insurance, and will inform you as to the cost later. I will ask the American Consul-General whether there are any steps to be taken at this end to insure their passage through the Customs without disturbance; and I imagine you will do whatever is necessary on your side.I will answer the rest of your letter separately, as it deals with another matter of a confidential nature.Yours sincerely[signed]F.G. KenyonP.S. The Cunard Company will undertake to deliver at Philadelphia, but perhaps you will arrange to supervise the transit from New York, as we are doing at this end between the Museum and Southampton. They will send their account for transport:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.25th March, 1922Dear Dr. Gordon,Many thanks for your letter of March 6th. I understand that you now contemplate an expedition to Mesopotamia in the autumn of the present year, the progress of which might include excavation as well as a survey of possible sites. Mr. Woolley will be in England shortly, and I will then discuss our plans with him. Much will depend on whether the site of Carchemish (which is our first commitment in the way of excavation) is likely to be accessible next autumn; and this again depends on political developments between this country, France, and Turkey, over which we have no control.Any further particulars that you can give me as to the nature of your proposed co-operation, in the event of our being able to send Mr. Woolley out to direct excavations on a site or sites in Mesopotamia, would be useful. In the case of a joint expedition, the necessary permission could be obtained in a very short time.Yours sincerely[signature] F. G. Kenyon.Dr. G. B. Gordon.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.27th May, 1927.Dear President Harrison,I have delayed answering your letter of April 14th until I could report the arrival of the results of the 1926-7 campaign, and the publication of the Tell al-'Ubaid volume. Woolley's boxes arrived about a fortnight ago, and the objects are being unpacked and cleaned, with a view to an exhibition which we hope to have ready about the middle of next month. Two of the best pieces (the gold dagger and the \"vanity-bag\") are coming in the official bag, and have not yet reached us.The Tell al-'Ubaid volume is just ready. I have seen an advance copy, and the Oxford Press will complete delivery very shortly. Half the edition (250 copies) will be sent to you, as arranged with Dr. Gordon. The total bill for the printing and binding comes to £1047. 5. 8, so that your share is £523. 12. 10. You will no doubt make your own arrangements with regard to advertisement and reviews in America, as we will do here. The published price has been fixed at £3. 3. 0, which I take it may be regarded as equivalent to 15 dollars.With regard to the division of the results of the Third and Fourth Expeditions, I note that you would like to keep the large stela of the Third expedition; the rest of that season's finds would then come to us, with the exception of duplicates which we do not need. We are quite willing that you should keep those specified in Dr. Legrain's list. That being so, we should elect to keep (out of the proceeds of the Fourth season) the Sumerian stela, leaving to you the Sargonid alabaster disk and the archaic fragment. This will/complete:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.31st October, 1927.Dear Mrs. McHugh,I am much obliged by your letter of Oct. 4th and your careful scrutiny of the accounts. I agree that £38. 10. 0. has to be brought to the credit of the Joint Expedition as receipts from sale of reports in Iraq and bank interest. This improves your balance by £19. 5. 0. Further, there were discrepancies in Woolley's conversions of rupees into sterling, and I agree that your calculation, which shows an increased expenditure of £4. 13. 9. (for half of which each institution is responsible) is the more correct.The corrections to be made in my statement of Aug. 6th are therefore as follows: £ s d.Philadelphia balance as stated by me 234 10 10Add half receipts from sales and interest 19 5 0 [subtotal] 253 15 10Deduct half of extra expenditure shownin revised accounts 2 6 11 [total] £251 8 11This agrees with your figures, except that you include a further payment of £25, being your share of the honorarium to Mrs Woolley. As that grant was not made until after June 30th it should in our view appear in the accounts for 1927-28.I am much obliged to you for the cheque for £1250, being the first instalment of your share of the appropriation for the current year, which has been paid into Mr. Woolley's account with the Eastern Bank. Our share has already been paid in, and we have already receive, in cash and promises, more than enough to provide our full quota of £2500 for the year.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.5th January, 1928.Dear Mrs. McHugh,I am very sorry to hear, by your letter of Dec.19th, that the announcement of Mr. Woolley's great discovery did not reach you in time for publication on the 16th. It was desirable to have the announcement made as soon as possible, on account of the risk of leakage from Mesopotamia; but I thought I had allowed a safe margin, and apparently it was only the weather and a delay in the mails that upset my calculations. However a second part of the story is already on its way to you, and with that I hope you will be able to get all the publicity which so great a discovery deserves. I trust also that we are not yet near the end of the whole achievement.With regard to your letter of Dec.8th, the photographs for which you ask have been ordered, and I hope will have reached you before this. Electrotypes of the dagger and toiletâset are in hand. It is slow work, but as soon as we have achieved satisfactory results they will be sent to you.The amounts due from you for casts of the stela, the ram throneâsupport and the head of a goddess are as follows: ----- ----- ----- £. s. d. ----- ----- ----- Stela, mould and cast 24. 0. 0 Throneâsupport, mould ----- (cost of cast not yet fixed) 8. 18. 10 ----- ----- ----- Head of goddess, mould and cast 1. 10. 0 £34.8.10I enclose a memorandum which I have drawn up, defining the principle which should govern the supply of/casts.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.6th August, 1927.Dear President Harrison,My letter to you of July 19th, with regard to the finances of our Iraq expedition, needs a correction and a supplement. The correction is due to a simple arithmetical slip. His Woolley's last month's expenditure, which he shows as £181, was actually, as the details show, £211. The total expenditure for the season should therefore be given as £4326. 8. 3. instead of £4296. 8. 3, or, including the deficit from 1925-6, £4498. 6. 8. The portion due from each institution accordingly becomes £2249. 3. 4, and the balance standing to your credit £271. 19. 1.The supplement will affect this balance. I omitted to mention that there are certain small charges which we have paid here on your account, viz. £. s. d.1926July. Half of charges of Stahlschmidt & Co. for freight of cases from Basra to London (this being your share of the objects received) 19. 19. 3.Oct. Card index, made at your request 2. 1. 0.1927Feb. Casts for you 15. 8. 0. [total] £37. 8. 3.If you agree as to these charges, the amount can be deducted from your balance of £271. 19. 1.I hope you have received and approve the Al 'Ubaid volume. As to the volume of texts, now in preparation, the scholar concerned are anxious to include in it the texts discovered during last season, which belong to the same class as those of the previous years, and in some instances actually supplement them. This will add 12 plates and 24 pages of/text:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.9th March, 1928.Dear Mrs.McHugh,I have to acknowledge with thanks the receipt of your cheque for £34. 12. 7 in payment of the account for casts sent in my letter of Jan.5th, together with 3s. 9d. for prints of the gold dagger and gaming-board.Mr.Woolley arrived here on March 6th, and the first instalment of boxes containing the objects found during this season's work should be here very shortly. Yours sincerelyF.G.Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.Aug. 4th 1926.Dear Miss McHugh,I heard from Dr. Gordon yesterday that you might be expected here early this month, and would be prepared to discuss with us the division of the antiquities derived from the last two seasons' work at Ur. I shall be very glad to see you any day this week that may be convenient to you, -:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.Jan. 25th 1926.My dear Gordon, I forward these at once, to avoid delay. I propose to give the corresponding reports here to the Press for publication on Feb. 16th. I shall be writing in a few days about the accounts. Yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.logo of British Museum on upper left of pageNov. 18, 1935Dear Legrain,I'm preparing for publication the descriptions of the Ur-Nammu [??stila??], & I find that I cannot illustrate it well enough with the photos that I possess. I have of course those that I took, & I have the two which you sent me of the Stila as restored in Philadelphia: but there exist others which I should like to have.Could you send me prints of some which you reproduced in the Museum Journal March 1927 [underlined in red pencil] namely those on p. 82 [circled in red pencil] (fragments) p. 87 [circled in red pencil] (a better photo than I have) p. 88 [circled in red pencil], p. 90 [circled in red pencil], p. 91 [circled in red pencil], p. 92 [circled in red pencil], p. 94 [circled in red pencil] (restored drawing), p. 96 [circled in red pencil] and I should like a [??can't read the word, maybe detail??] photograph of the right-hand and of the second register in the [??room??] of the [??slab? state?]. [from \"right-hand\" through [??room??] is circled in red pencil.]:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,London: W.C.1.May 10 1928Dear Miss McHughA short time ago we despatched to you a box containing the two objects from Ur - the moon-disk with the figure of Sargon's daughter, and a Sumerian piece - still due to you, with a new fragment of relief from the Ur-Nammu stela. I hope you have received these safely. I am shortly sending you the electrotype replicas of the golden dagger and the \"vanity-case\" from Ur, which are now safely back at Baghdad.Yours sincerely,H.R. HallP.S. The photographs you asked for were also in the box.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.May 10th 1924.My dear Gordon,I am just off to Brussels for five days, but send this line to say that Woolley and his cases have arrived.He has brought over the milking-scene frieze, which needs repair, so we shall be able to see it and consider possibilities of reproduction. Your newspapers need:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,London: W.C.1.ready, and you can let me know your views as to mysuggestions for the distribution of the proceeds.With best wishes for Christmas and theNew Year, I remainYours very sincerely[signed] F.G.Kenyon.:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,London: W.C.1.to be able to assign complete tomb-groups to eachMuseum, rather than to divide them. But yoursupporters may not care to wait so long for theirshare. Therefore it is for you to say what you wish.Believe meYours sincerely[signed] F.G.KenyonP.S. you will not that there is a change of £15..8..1 [?][?you?] for certain small [?].:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.11th June 1919.Dear Dr Gordon,I am much obliged by your letter of the 2nd.In general, I do not think any objection is likely to be raised to the participation of the University Museum of Philadelphia in the work of exploration and excavation in Mesopotamia; and in particular I feel sure that your wish to continue the excavations already begun by the Museum at Nippur will receive favoruable consideration. No definite assurance can, however, be given until the question of the future government of Mesopotamia has been settled. When once that has been determined, there¦is good ground to hope that an Administration of Antiquities will be set up, which will act in accordance with the principles laid down by the Archaeological Committee founded by the British Academy.With regard to cooperation with the British Museum, I will with pleasure lay your proposal before the Trustees; but it will be difficult for them to come to a decision until Mr Hall has returned and has made his report. I hope he is now on his way back, but I have no definite information on the subject. In any case I am sure the Trustees will appreciate your desire to cooperate with them in Mesopotamian research.Believe me,Yours sincerely[?F. G. Kenyon?]:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1of the expedition. I am inclined to think that this is not unreasonable, and that the addition could safely be made without altering the total estimate of £5000, which is a round figure allowing a fair margin.I enclose a duplicate copy of Woolley's accounts and covering letter. I hope the situation is clear to you, and that you will be able to approve the programme for the coming season.Believe meYours very sincerely[signature] F.G. Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,London: W.C.I.[?21st?] September 1928.Dear Mrs. McHugh, The division of the Ur finds has been completed, and Mr. Legrain leaves England to-day on his returnjourney. It has been a trying and difficult business,but I am sure there has been the utmost endeavour oneach side to be scrupulously fair. With the largemajority of the objects there was no difficulty, sincethere were enough of the same kind for each party; butwhen it came to the unique objects of outstanding value, it was not easy to balance one object against another.However, eventually two lists were made, which in theopinion of all were as nearly as possible of equal value;and then the lot decided which group should go toPhiladelphia and which should stay here. I know no fairerway of arranging a division than this, since while thetwo groups are being formed and balanced against oneanother, no one knows which group will fall to his lot.Mr. Legrain will explain to you the details of thpartition, and I am glad to know that he is entirelysatisfied as to its equality. Of course each side losessomething that it would have been glad to have; but that/is:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,London: WC1I have received a short letter from Mr. Woolley, dated Oct. 13th from Baghdad. He was proceeding to Ur the next day, and hoped to begin digging on the 17th. He mentions that Baghdad wants casts of the Ur-Nammu stela, the ram throne-support, and the blue-eyed head of a goddess. It was understood that they should have copies of these, and they were made, but not sent. I will have them sent now; the cost should presumably be shared between us and you. Dr. Hall mentions that it will be desirable that you should have a fresh mould made of the stela, with a view to future casts, which will probably be required. We have no mould, the two existing casts having been made from wet clay moulds, which were destroyed in the process. It was probably thought that the preparation of a permanent mould must be undertaken at Philadelphia, as you already had some portions of the stela to be incorporated. Also there was then the possibility that further fragments might be brought to light in subsequent diggings. The matter is not urgent, but should be borne in mind.With best wishes, believe meYours sincerely[signed]F.G. Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUM,London:W.C.I.26th September 1922.My dear Gordon,Woolley has started this morning, with Newton and Smith. His cable (and his letter, if it has reached you before this) will have informed you of Mr. Hunter's failure of health. It is a most unfortunate affair. He arrived in London without either money or kit, and was advanced (pound) 25 to keep and equip himself. Next day he presented himself at the house of some friends in a state of collapse, with a somewhat incoherent story of what has happened to/him, and without the money. He became more composed in time, but his mental state was not satisfactory, and a doctor was sent for to examine him; whereupon he stated that he had recently undergone a similar examination in America, and had been advised to take a long rest before undertaking any work. I fear therefore that it would be an unjustifiable risk to send him to Mesopotamia, and that his best course will be to return to America as soon as he is fit to travel. I understand that the American Consul in London can arrange for this.The question then remains of replacing him. As Woolley explained when you were here, a party of four is almost essential if a large site is to effectively handled; and it is also desirable to train men for work in future years. From all points of view it is best that the fourth man be an American; both because it is right that you should have a share in the personnel, and also because you will need trained men in the future. Woolley, I understand, said in his letter to you that he could carry/on:
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British Museum. January 3rd. 1927 (later).Dear Legrain,The virtue of prompt attention to correspondence is not always rewarded; I wrote to you upon receiving the photographs, and scarcely was that posted when your very welcome letter arrived!Thank you for confirming my impression about the last line of Cyrus. I am hoping soon to see your articles in Museum Journal: the last one has not reached us yet. Bauer will be pleased about Amurru.As to the bricks you mention, just after they were sent off another small group was detected in the basement. They are:-I, N, W, - two of each L, M, R, V, Z - one of each.:
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British Museum. February 21st. 1927.Dear Legrain,I have just received the December number of the \"Museum Journal\", and see your article upon the new date-formulae, which has been rather a surprise to me, as I had not realized that you meant to publish all of these, but only to mention that of Ibi-Sin concerning the MAR.TU. My reason for writing, then, is to suggest that it now becomes imperative that these date-lists and formulae should be added as an appendix to the forthcoming book of texts, so that they may receive official publication as soon as possible, having once been divulged. Indeed, we had understood that in any case date-formulae were to be included in this volume, but, since you:
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British Museum. January 3rd. 1927.Dear Legrain,All good wishes for the New Year; upon you be peace, upon the Museum that is in Philadelphia and all therein be peace, upon Ur of the Chaldees be a great peace, and upon all who worry us be imposed adanniš, adanniš, peace! And may the new year bring you even to see again the MS. which you entrusted to me so many weary moons ago,- I think it will do so before long, as I near the end.This is really to let you know that I have just received your collection of very excellent photographs, all safe and complete. I have had also others made of objects at present in the B.M. so that there is already a good collection. For others at Baghdad I wrote sometime ago and have had:
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British Museum. September 18th. 1926.Dear Legrain,Your letter came this morning; I was the more glad to receive it because I had myself been intending for several days past to write to you. So now I am able to hear in advance one or two things upon which I wished to consult you.First, as to transliteration. I still think, as we considered before, that in view of (1) the utter confusion that still prevails in the practice of this, and (2) the fact that our transliterations will accompany the texts, which can therefore be at once consulted, we should do well to discard diacritical marks altogether. Does this seem to you too drastic? Yet, after all, what is the use of marks upon which nobody is agreed and therefore nobody understands, so that, in the last resort,:
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British Museum.August 17th. 1926.Dear Legrain, Your copies and manuscript reached me in excellent order to-day. I have not done more as yet than look through them, and they seem to me excellent. For my own part, I am well advanced with my texts, and when these are completed I will combine them with yours, and try to draw up a system of numbering, and in general to put all the material into shape and to advance the book towards completion. When this is done, I shall send the whole back to:
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British Museum.London W.C. 1.June 29. 1926.Dear Gordon,I am sorry to trouble you a second time, but it has been hard to keep exactly in touch with all my material, and at the last moment one is prone to find missing what one had thought to be ready to hand. Besides the photographs for which I have asked already, could you please have sent to me one of your frieze of inlaid bulls and one of your frieze of birds: and also all the al Ubaid coloured drawings, which are, I find, at Philadelphia. I think that these will see me really complete. Yours sincerely,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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British Museum.London, W.C.1.June 25. 1926.Dear Gordon,Herewith I enclose my accounts for the period March 1st to June 30th., and also the summarised accounts for the year.As regards the former, I do not think that there is anything to be remarked, except perhaps to say that the heavy travelling expenses of my two assistants were in part due to their being obliged to wait in Baghdad for 11 days as there was no room on convoys, and hotel costs there are heavy.As regards to the latter I hope that everything is all right, but I had a trouble with the money paid out direct to you Legrain by you; the total, £484.11.7. is the figure given officially, and is I take it correct as it makes up exactly the sum of £2500; I have arrived at my figure of £350 for Legrain's salary by subtracting from it his expenses travelling out and balance in cash from his travelling allowance which he handed over to me on arrival in Iraq. Unfortunately in the statement of my debit which was supplied to me there was a typist's misprint which misled me into thinking that Legrain's salary came to only £233 odd, and that I in consequence had free at my disposal nearly £120 more than was really the case; - and, as you will see, I have overspent my estimate for the year by just about that sum; it is extremely annoying, but I can claim that I was just as much sinned against as sinning. I trust that the overstepping of the estimate will not seriously inconvenience you; in any case it is difficult to conform exactly to forecasts in work of this sort, and in this case it was complicated by the mistake in the statement on which I based the latter part of my expenditure; but I do think that it would be a pity to run the balance of some £120 over into next season, as that would mean either that I should have to increase my estimate, which I am unwilling to do, or that I should find myself hampered atTotal £ given Legrain salary 359.6.11½ = 1750 expenses £143.14.11½ = $700 = £503.1.11 = $2450In W's estimate of expenses for year 25-26 he enters Legrains salary at 397.10.0:
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British Museum.May 24. 1924.Dear Gordon,I have received your two letters of April 24 and May 10, and now reply to both.As regards the return of the £500 to the University Museum, I have not done so. The reason will be made clear by the emended accounts which I enclose. It is true that the work did not cover that extra amount, or anything like it, but on the other hand, I have not, or shall not have, all that amount over.Of the balance as shewn (on April 30) I have to refund to the british Museum £215, which represents Gadd's salary, paid in to my account by a mistake of the accountant; the credit with the High Commissioner is to meet the costs of guards on the site, and that at Aleppo is for a retaining fee paid to Hamoudi. My Jerablus foremen are invaluable, but they can earn very good money at their own homes, and I cannot expect them to come to Mesopotamia unless it be worth their while; instead of raising their working wage to an unduly high level, I thought it best to give a retaining fee(as id generally done with Egyption reises) so as to ensure their coming. Then as Newton did not have time at Ur to finish up all the plans etc of the ziggurat, this will have to be done in town, and for that he must be paid at the same rate as on field service (Kenyon has sanctioned this); there are still one or two bills that have not yet come in; and there is my own salary for may and June to be paid out of the balance shewn. So you see, I can't refund £500!The effect of the exhibition and lecture in Baghdad was distinctly good. In the latter I thought it politic to make as much as possible of the advantage gained by the Iraq Govt. in the partition of spoil, so as to make the ministers and others understand the wisdom of letting the excaavators have a share, - and therefore excavate -, so that the country gets a great deal for nothing. Actually, in the division we did very well and have no cause for complaint - though I would not say that to:
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British Museum.Sept. 18. 1925.Dear Gordon, I am sorry that my accounts should have puzzled you, but they were rather difficult, and through no fault of mine. The particular page to which you refer I very nearly did not send to you at all, because it really does not concern the University Museum, but I thought that it was after all best not to risk the more serious confusion that might be caused by the accounts rendered to the two Museums not being identical. The fact is that during last season Kenyon, being nervous on my account, advanced to me a sum which was going to be paid by you. At the end of the season I was left with a very large balance in hand, but over £750 of this was money belonging to the British Museum and paid to me over and above its share of the expenses. The B. M. accountant suggested that the whole t thing could be wiped out and need not appear in my accounts; but I pointed out to him that I am actually responsible for any and all money which the Expedition bank book shows to have been paid in to the Expedition account; this had been paid in, and whether I repaid it by cheque to the B. M. or it were left to my credit as part of the B. M. 's contribution for next season, the transaction must appear in some form or another in my accounts. He saw reason in this, and hence the apparent discrepancy,- Kenyon takes no account of the advance, because it was not part of the B. M.'s proper contribution and was not used; from his p oint of view, it is simply Museum money reserved for next year's dig, and the particular account to which it now lies is a question of book-keeping; I have to keep my books, and that is where it happens to lie ! The worst of it is that my real balance is correspondingly small !Your sincerelyC Leonard Woolley:
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BRITISH MUSEUMDecember 13. 1933.My dear Jayne,I have just received your letter of December 6, and gather from it that you when you wrote it had not received either my letter of November 16 or Sir George Hill's letter of about that date, the letter explaining how it is that the field work of the Expedition can be resumed after the alarums and excursions of the past. The reason was, as you presumably know by now, that the Iraq Government, faced with the (almost) united front of the archaeological world ag- ainst the proposed changes of the law and the illegal action of the Minister of Education in the past summer, climbed down completely and reverted to the old position and so made excavation possible and profitable. I am sorry that the news did not reach you earlier to explain what must in its absence have seemed a causeless change of plan on my part; but I am glad to know that the change in itself was welcome. Now I must refer to the four points in your letters concerning my action in the matter of publication; I feel that my letter of Novem- ber 16 will have answered much of what you say already, but obvious- ly I ought to answer, even if only because\"cet animal est tres mechant;quand on l'attaque, il se defend\".Taking the fourth point first, you say that I was ill-advised in in- curring a total expenditure of roughly £6800 ... as even at the most:
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British MuseumJuly 18, 1925.Dear Gordon,Herewith all the accounts to finish up the year; I hope they will be approved. And I hope too that the estimates will be thought all right; you will see that last year the forecast was pretty exact, and I am sure that I have not exaggerated things for the future; of course if all the money is not forthcoming the expedition can be run on less either by shortening the season in the field or by decreasing the staff. Against the former course I argued strongly last year on the grounds of its being unsound finance; the second means is also a very bad one;- the expedition in my opinion suffered considerably last year in efficiency by not having an architect, for I cannot adequately fill the place of such and the attempt to do so means the neglect of other branches of my own work which are not less important. So I do trust that I may be seconded by a full staff. I think that I have found an assistant for the general side, - a young Oxford man named Mallowan, who is inexperienced but has the reputation of being clever and a hard worker, and is certainly keen to got out; Kenyon is seeing him, and I hope to fix things up this week. I trust Legrain comes with me. The exhibition is a success and well attended; Miss Gertrude Bell came today and seemed to think that she had been much too lenient in the division when she saw what a fine show the things made!The box of antikas returned by you has arrived safely; thanks for the same. I hope that the cheque for the piece you kept will follow soon!I saw Miss Sinkler last week and had news of you. Please give my best regards to Miss McHugh and to Legrain.Yours sincerely,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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British MuseumJune 22. '24Dear GordonYours of June 9. is just to hand. I'm very glad to hear about Legrain coming out & shall be most pleased to meet him when he comes to London. And I shall be relieved to get news, when that is possible, about the architectural assistant. When you write \"in case the Joint Expedition should be re-organised & sent out next autumn\" I presume that you are thinking of the collaboration required between the two Museums, not of any hesitation on your side; for Kenyon, I know, expects things to go on & I am of course shaping my plans in that supposition.:
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British MuseumLondon W. C. 1.October 6, 1926Dear Miss McHugh,Your letter of Sept 22 has caught me just as I was in London getting ready for the start abroad, and I make haste to answer it before I leave.I know - to my cost - that my accounts are difficult, and this year they were particularly so. I may say that before I send in the final account for the whole year I get it very thoroughly checked and overhauled by the British Museum accountant, who verifies as far as possible my expenditure, and if there are corrections of the monthly financial reports they are due to that overhauling. In this year's final account there is one such correction to which you draw attention, namely that my monthly report for November 1925 gave a total of £727.9.10 whereas my final account reads \"Total .. for November, as corrected, £765. 9.7.; and you comment that \"the University Museum has not received a corrected statement for November\" and in your page 2A adhere to my original figure. The wording of my final report was intended to shew exactly wherein the correction lay and so to give you the \"corrected statement\" which you require; I said that the \"Total\" was corrected because the only correction is in the total. If you check my November report, under heading A, Wages, you will find that the separate items enumerated add up not to Rs.4990.3 as I there make them do, but to Rs.5490.3., a difference of Rs500, = £37.19.9. It is the sort of mistake one is liable to make if doing accounts at the end of a sixteen-hour day! The accountant pointed out to me on my return to England this error in simple addition, and the total was therefore corrected in the final account.j:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLondon W.C. 1.Page 30. Guide to the Use of the Reading Room Out of PrintPage 31. 1921 edition of the \"Guide to Japanese Colour Prints\" addedI enclose herewith another copy of the List of Catalogues and when the new edition is published I will send you a copy.Yours faithfullyC.J. CurtisClerk of Publications:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON W.C.1.27th December, 1928Dear Mrs. McHugh,Your cable of Dec. 26th has been received, reporting that you have cabled £1250 to Woolley's account at the Eastern Bank, London. Our share has already been fully paid in.There is still outstanding between us the small charge of £15. 8. 1. mentioned in the postscript to my letter of July 12th.$74.96 $4.85+25 --162; for draftV15177- 1/10/29My answer to your letter of Oct. 25th was sent off on Dec. 15th, with an explanation of the delay.Yours sincerely,F.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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British MuseumLondon W.C.1.Dear GordonI have no less than three letters of yours to acknowledge & I'm afraid that makes no less than three apologies! as to the article, which I return herewith, it had been written for some little time & I had completely forgot that there were blanks to be filled in & sent it off to you without reading it through.I have been asked to write 2 articles for 'Discovery', an excellent journal, & will send copies to you when they are done.:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON W.C.119 June 1928Dear Miss McHugh,The other day Sir Frederic Kenyon told me that you had written asking for the photographs of Ur taken during the fifth year's work, that is, in 1926-7. But these have already been sent to you, I understand, at your request, with the three outstanding objects which we had to send you on the assigning of the Ur-Nammu stele to you. It's a fragment of the stele itself, the moon-roundel of Sargon's daughter, and a Sumerian fragment. These were packed up with the 1926-7 photographs and various odd photographs as well in a box that was consigned to \"The Secretary, Museum of the University of Pennsylvania,:
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British MuseumLondon W.C.130th May, 1928Dear Mrs. McHugh,I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of May 1st, which I have laid before my Trustees. They are glad to hear that your Board is prepared to continue its support of the Ur Expedition for another season, on the same basis as before; and they authorise me to say that they fully concur with this proposal. It is plainly our duty, as well as (it may reasonably be hoped) to our great advantage to continue the excavations at least until the cemetery which has yielded such rich results during the past season has been fully explored.We hope to open our exhibition of last season's results somewhere about June 20th. It cannot fail to be extraordinarily interesting. We are also taking in hand the preparation of electrotypes of those objects which have to be returned to Baghdad.Mr. Woolley has not put forward any detailed plans for next season's work but of course proposes to/continue:
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British MuseumLondon W.C.1December 26th 1927Dear Mrs McHugh,I forward herewith Mr Woolley's articles for the Press, which I have received today.I propose to release them for publication on January 12th, which I imagine will give you ample time.I am very sorry to hear your report of President Harrison.The other matters:
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British MuseumLondon WC I.28/9/28Dear Miss McHugh,I was very glad to get your letters & to knowthat everything was in order: now we are aboutto start out (we leave England tomorrow, going first to Stockholm where I am to lecture & then on viaConstantinople to Damascus) and shall be atwork at Ur on October 22nd or thereabouts. I amglad too that you welcome the idea of our comingover in the Spring;: I've told my agent that Iwant first to come to Philadelphia, and we oughtto arrive about the middle of March;: youwill hear from him & will I trust be ableto arrange for lectures to be given in the Museumas soon as we do get there.I've been seeing Legrain & the division ofspoil is now complete;: you will I know bedelighted with the Museum share, which will:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLondon, W. C. 1June 1st, 1928Dear Miss McHugh:I ought to have written to you long ago, partly to replyto your letter, partly to send you accounts, photographs and report;now I am writing and I can scarcely claim to be doing any of thesethings!As regards photos, I hope to send off to you next week abatch shewing the results of the work which we have been doing on theobjects found this season: many of them are not yet fully restored, but we have some wonderful things which will be quite new to you.And I'll try too to get off my statement of accounts up to the endof May.:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON, W.C. I Telephone: Museum 8621May 14, 1936Dear Dr. Legrain,This is to thank you very much for your kind letter and for the corrected proofs, which have reached here safely. The plates have already gone to Press, and I hope it will not be very long before the volume is [?now? soon?] published.Yours Sincerely,Joan Joshua:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON, W.C.1.29th November, 1927. [\"29th\" handwritten]Dear Mrs.McHugh,I forward a letter from Woolley, which I suppose contains the same account of his discoveryas he has sent to me. In his letter to me he saysthat he hopes to send a fuller report and photographsby the next air mail, and asks that all news shouldbe withheld from the Press till then. Meanwhile it all sounds highly interesting.Yours sincerelyF. G. Kenyon [signature]:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON, W.C.1.2nd November, 1926.My dear Gordon,I have received your letter of October 6th, for which I am much obliged. In one respect you are under a misapprehension. It is not the case that we do not distribute any free copies of our publications. On the contrary, we have rather a long list of institutions, at home and abroad, to which we make presentations, though we do not send all our publications to all the places on our list. The list of presentations is reviewed in the case of each book, with reference to the suitability of the book in question for wide or restricted publication. We should not, for instance, distribute copies of cuneiform inscriptions to the ordinary Public Library in England; on the other hand, we should send such a work to the national library of each European country,:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON, W.C.1.My dear Gordon,I send for your criticism a first proof of the title-page of the Tell Al-Ubaid volume (I dislike this spelling, but apparently it is that which has been officially adopted) with some corrections which I have made on it. The volume is far advanced, and only a few details, such as the lettering of the plates and the prefatory matter, remain to be dealt with. I hope therefore that it will be ready for issue before the autumn is far advanced; but I am still awaiting your answer to my inquiry in my letter of Aug. 4th as to the number of copies.We shall probably close our exhibition of last season's work early in November. Do you want the whole collection sent to you in the division?You will by this time have had Miss McHugh's report, and my letter of Aug. 4th, and you will no doubt let me have your views as to the division./I:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLondon, W.C.125th August, 1927.Dear Mrs. McHugh, Many thanks for your letters of August 2nd and 5th, which arrived here in inverted order. I am very sorry tohear of President Harrison's illness, I trust it is notserious, and that he will soon be able to resume his servicesto the Museum.You will already have received answers to most of yourinquiries, in letters previously despatched by me, togetherwith some corrections to the financial statements. I am gladto hear that you approve and will share the honorarium of£50 to Mrs. Woolley ( whom I have informed of your participation,and from whom I have received a grateful letter of thanks ),and also approve of the increased salaries of £200 for FatherBurrows and Mr. Mallowan, and of the association of Mrs. Woolleywith the expedition on a salary of £100. Arrangements for thecoming season are going forward on this basis.Believe me, Yours very sincerely, [signed] F.G. Kenyon.Mrs. McHugh, University Museum, Philadelphia.:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON, W.C.1November 2, 1934Dear Jayne,Your letter of October 25 has just arrived and I am writing a brief note to accompany the copy of my letter to Harry James about which you enquired-brief in order to catch the mail which goes today. Of course I have no objection to this, nor would James have any; in the course of a long letter to me he remarked that he had shown it to Penniman and would show it to the Museum authorities is asked to do so.In your letter to Sir George Hill, which also arrived today, you said that you had no copy of my original application for the Carnegie grant. I cannot understand this, as the document was typed in the Museum office, by your clerks, expressly so that a copy might be filed in your archives; however, there is a carbon copy of it struck off at the same time and I shall ask Hill to send it to you( I had at the time sent it to London to be filled in the records here).In haste.Yours sincerely,s/C.Leonard Woolley.:
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British MuseumLondon. W. O. 1.April 24. 1925.Dear Gordon,I got back to town on Monday last and found waiting for me your letter of April 3rd., to which I now reply. I am glad that you are pleased with the results of the season; the Press on this side has given us splendid publicity, especially for the last report, and I hope that in America the same has been the case: the objects certainly deserve it, and the big stela is one of the best things ever got out of the south country. There will be a good deal to do in the way of setting it up and assembling the fragments, but otherwise the working over the objects will not take so very long - we have no such problems as were presented by the copper things last year- and the exhibition at the British Museum ought to be opened early. In this Linnell will assist me, and there will be no need for Legrain to stop on in London for that purpose. He is due to arrive here towards the end of this month, as he has been taking his leave on the continent on the way back: what is necessary is that he should be in town for a few days to go over the inscriptional results with Gadd and Smith with a view to publication. This opens up a serious question. Legrain is strongly of the opinion, which is shared by the other two and by myself, that the publication of historical texts ought to be produced as soon as possible. Last year I sketched out what I thought to be the right programme, namely that there should be one series of volumes on the diggings, to be got out as occasion offerred (the first volume being on Tell el Obeid, on which Hall and I are already engaged and I hope that it may be ready for press by the end of this summer), and one series of historical texts in which Legrain, Smith and Gadd should collaborate. These three seasons have yielded ample material for a good volume of texts, and I see every advantage in producing such with the least possible delay. Each of the authors would be responsible for the texts found in the year in which he was in the field, the whole collection of texts would be grouped in historical order under the names of the kings, and individual responsbility for each would be indicated either by initials attached to each number or by an index page. Naturally s me collaboration is required, but, I think, not more than could be arranged in the course of a day or two's consultation. I suggest that the publication should include translations as well as the photographs, hand-copies and transliterations decided upon by the authors. I have talked of this to Kenyon, and propose to have a round-table discussion with the three others when Legrain arrives; would you write your ideas to me or to Kenyon. As regards publication; I briefly discussed this with Kenyon, who did not know whether you would wish printing etc., to be done in England or America or both; since I spoke to him I have received an offer from Mr. Paul Geuthner, the archaeological publisher of Paris, to produce the whole of the Ur publications at his own risk in the style of the Susa publications: he is doing this for the Kish dig, and I enclose his notice of the latter to show you format etc. What do you think of this as a money-saving plan?As regards next season. Of course I need someone with me for the inscriptions, and I suppose (though this is not my affair) that it is again the turn of Philadelphia to send me such. If I could have Legrain again I should be only too pleased. I am not prepared to say what his wishes are in the matter, though I do hope that he enjoyed his season with me; but I fancy that from his own point of view he would prefer, if he is to come out again soon, to do so next season rather than the season afetr after (it would mean probably less interruption of his other work), and it is certainly to the advantage of the dig to secure as much continuity:
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British MuseumLondon. W.C.1.July 11th, 1928.[In the top middle of the page there is a handwritten and encircled Roman number 1]Sir,I have the honour to submit to you the programme of work proposed by me for the 1928-9 season of your Expedition to Ur and my estimate of the costs involved by it.Obviously our first task is to continue the excavation of the early cemetery which has already yielded such good results. Conditions encourage me to believe that there are still royal tombs within easy reach, and in any case the main cemetery extends further to the east: since there is nothing to indicate its limits it is impossible to say weather the whole can be excavated in the course of the coming season, or rather in that part of it which I think it wise to devote to the digging of graves, but it will keep us busy for two months at least. In view of the great number of objects found in the graves it is inadvisable to carry on the work on them for much more than two months, as the material becomes too much for the proper working up of it during the summer; the season ought therefore to be divided between two objectives, as was the case last year, and this is the more necessary as we were then unable to complete the excavation of the Great Courtyard. I would therefore propose to devote the second half of the season to the latter task, which while less remunerative, is of the greatest interest for the history of the site as a whole.Neither part of my programme makes the presence of an architect indispensible and the Expedition can therefore be saved the expense of such; the same staff as was employed by you last year will be adequate to the needs of this season also. I should be glad to have out with me for training a young man who possessed proper qualifications and intended to make field work his profession, but should anyone of the sort be taken on it would be without cost to the Expedition.:
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British MuseumLondon. W.C.1.July 4. 1924.Dear Dr. Gordon,Yours of June 23 just to hand. I am sorry that through ignorance of the law I did not send with the antiquities the necessary documents, and I now supply the deficiency. I hope that all will now be in order.Dr. Legrain called upon me on Tuesday last and I discussed with him all that needed to be said about the coming expedition and plans for his journey out. Unfortunately Kenyon was out at the time and so Legrain failed to see him, but I hope that he will meet him on his return to London. Legrain was delighted with the new things from Ur and Tell el Obeid which I shewed him, and also with the treatment which they are getting here. He seems a most pleasant fellow, and should be good compamy in the field. As regards an architect, I have, through Newton's agency, had an application for the post from de Jong, a Yorkshireman, a good architect, who has had considerable archaeological experience in Greece and with Arthur Evans in Crete. You had written rather vaguely about the possibility of there being an American forthcoming, but as arrangements ought to be made with as little delay as possible I spoke this morning to Kenyon, asking him whether I should wait for further news from you or communicate at once with de Jong, who might otherwise make other plans. Kenyon decided I ought to write at once and negotiate, without making any fixed engagement for the moment, so I am doing so, and trust that you will agree. I have not as yet found my other (general) assistant.Yours sincerely,C Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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British MuseumLondon.June 17. 1926.Dear Gordon,Your letter arrived yesterday, just as I am making up the total accounts for the year, and I am glad that you decided to include the cost of Legrainâs travelling in this season and not in next; it certainly simplifies the accounts. I was very sorry not to see Legrain when he passed through, but I think that he arranged all the necessary details as to the publication of texts, which is the main issue. Had I seen him I should have advanced the money which I now refund.The accounts will be sent on to you in a very few days now.The text of the Tell el Obeid (or âal Ubaidâ, as it is now called) book is finished, and all the material will go to the printers next week. Would you hand the enclosed note to Legrain?I shall be writing again shortly when I send in the accounts. At present I am very busy preparing the objects for exhibition, and hope to make a very fine show of stuff.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard WoolleyEnclosed, cheque for £69.16.11., = $.339.45., payable to Dr. Legrain:
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British MuseumLondon.May 1, 1924.Dear Gordon,I am sending herewith two articles on the Ziggurat, which will finish up the popular reports on Ur for this season, and the next things out will be the proper provisional report published, as last year, in the Antiquaries' Journal. The copies of these two for England I am releasing for April 12, which ought to give plenty of margin for your copies to appear simultaneously.I bought a few things in Syria this year, and, as we arranged last summer, these have to be offered first to the Museums; as the B.M. got everything last year, I am going to send over to youpractically the whole lot;- of course you are under no obligation to take them, but all the same I hope that they will prove to your liking, as a first-fruits of the arrangement. They are all for the Classical section (I get hold of anything that comes up),There is a bronze mirror-case of the late period and of Syrian manufacture, quite a rare thing, a fragment of a second of finer style but in poor condition, a set of gold ornaments to be sewn on to a cloth girdle, and a gold ring with the heads of Castor and Pollux. This last is expensive (perhaps I gave too much for it, but it is a unique piece). the rest are cheap. I hope to send them all off under separate cover at the end of the week. The caes cases have today arrived from Ur, so I shall be hard at work on the antikas from now on.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON26th February, 1925My dear Gordon, I have been away for some days, which has delayed the answer to your cable. I am to-day cabling:\"Would not object if Woolley is willing\". A second season, following immediately on the first, would be a severe strain on him, and our Ur expedition would stand to lose by the extra load placed on him, and by the delay incurred in working out the results of the work. Still, as you are apparently in a difficulty, I would not stand in the way if Woolley himself is willing. But I should not like to put pressure on him to accept. I enclose Woolley's last report. I propose to let our papers have the articles prepared for them for publication on March 11th. Yours sincerely[signature] F. G. Kenyon.:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON: W.C.1.12th April 1926.My dear Gordon,I enclose Woolley's last letter for the Press, which has arrived to-day. I propose to issue it to the London papers for publication on April 27th.Woolley himself expects to reach England about then. I hope by that time I may have had an answer from you to my letter of Feb. 13th with regard to methods of publication. The Tell el-Obeid volume should be ready to go to the printers within a few weeks after Woolley's return, and the cuneiformists ought to be getting to work on the texts to be published by them.I should also like to know whether you are satisfied with the financial statement of my letter of Feb. 5th, so that the account for 1924-25 may be closed, and we may know on what basis to start in making up the accounts for 1925-26.I hope your exhibition of the Ur antiquities was a success. Many thanks for your article in the Atlantic Monthly.Yours sincerely[signed] F. G. Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON: W.C.1.22nd December, 1928Dear Mrs. McHugh,A cable has arrived from Woolley to-day, in Latin, which I translate as follows:\"I have found the greatest death-pit of all yet discovered, containing women more magnificently attired, harps ornamented with beasts in gold and silver, and two statues of goats in gold and mosaic. The grave-chamber itself has not yet been found. Inform Philadelphia.\"I propose to make no public announcement until we have received his report, which will presumably be accompanied by photographs. By that time the grave chamber to which this death-pit belongs may perhaps have come to light. Anyhow it is evidently a discovery of the first rank, rivalling those of last year; and in case there should be any leakage of news from Iraq, it is right that you should be prepared with such information as we possess.Yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON: W.C.1.30. 10. 22Dear Sir(s?).You hold funds from the Pennsylvania University Museum, Philadelphia to be drawn upon by the Director and Messr. [?Brown?] Shipley [?]:
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British MuseumLondon: W.C.1.4th Dec 1922Dear Sir, In reply to your letter of the 27th Oct., I enclose herewith a detailed account (together with an invoice of the publications ordered by you. They have been dispatched per Stahllschmit[?] & Co in three wooden boxes and we trust they will reach you safely. We are making no charge for boxes, packing or carriage. I regret we are unable to supply any of the publications marked as being \"out of print\".:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON: W.C.1.Oct. 12th 1926.My dear Gordon,I have duly received your cable, reporting that you have cabled £1250 to the Eastern Bank on Woolley's account.This answers part of my letter of Oct. 8th, which is now on its way to you.Yours sincerely,F. G. Kenyon:
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BRITISH MUSEUMLondon: W.C.110th June, 1929.Dear Mr.Jayne,I was very glad to get your letter of June 4th, and to know that the University Museum again has a Director. Previously I had only heard of your appointment verbally from Woolley, on his arrival here shortly before your letter came. I congratulate you on your appointment to so interesting and important a post, and trust that the relations between your Museum and this will continue to be as entirely cordial and satisfactory as in the past. I hope also that it may not be long before we shall see you over here in person. I am glad to know that your exhibition of the discoveries at Ur is now in progress and it attracting the attention it deserves. We are now actively engaged in preparing an exhibition of the finds of the last season, which we hope to have ready early in July. There will not be quite the same sensational novelty as last year, but there will be a fine series of important and attractive objects, which I hope will maintain the public interest in the Joint Expedition.With regard to the next season, I have now good reason to hope that, in addition to Mr. and Mrs./ Woolley:
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British MuseumLondon: W.C.114-7-24G.B. Gordon, Esq.,DirectorThe University MuseumPhiladelphiaDear Dr. Gordon-In Dr. Hall's absence--he has gone on a month's holiday--I have to thank you for so generously giving our departmental library the missing copies of the Museum Journal for 1922-24, and for the promise of future numbers.Dr. Hall will doubtless thank you himself on his return at the end of August.Yours faithfully,Sidney Smith-----:
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British MuseumLondonW.C. 1.July 21. 1929.Sir,I beg to submit herewith my statement of the accounts of your Expedition for the period February 1 to June 30, and with these a summary of the expenditure for the past year. As you will observe, my estimate of £5000 has been exceeded by £184, of which £35 represents an advance against next season's expenses; on the other hand there are certain bills outstanding which will amount to fully as much as £35. In addition to this, certain costs have been met directly by the British Museum, and these will increase the expenditure of the year by about £140.At the beginning of the season I wrote anticipating an excess of expenditure over estimate. Part of the actual surplus is due to increase of salaries decided on after my estimate had been submitted, part is due to the rich results of the work entailing greater outlay. I trust that you will agree to my statement and beg to remain, Sir,Yours very obediently,Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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British MuseumMay 12. 24Dear GordonHere with come the 'antikas' that I bought in Syria & which I offering to you.[inset in left margin next to the following paragraph as follows: checkmark]1. Gold ring with heads of the [?Discorides?], rather like a coin of Tripoli in Syria: probably 2nd cent. B.C. It was found in a ruined site a little south of Killis (between NW of Aleppo) which has been pretty productive of classical things. Price, --163;120. This is rather a lot, & after buying I was afraid I had given too much, but I'm told here that it's well worth it.[inset in left margin next to the following paragraph as follows: checkmark above the words \"22 pieces rec'd\"]2. Gold repoussé ornaments from a girdle. These were stitched on to a coarse fabric, in a row; the larger heads were in the centre & the smaller at the ends (one head was completely broken & was destroyed by the finders); in each coin two of the roundels were sewn on side [?to?] side & a head put:
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British MuseumW. C. 1.July 30. 1925.Dear Gordon,Thanks very much for the cheque for [pound sterling symbol]42, which has reached me safely; the box containing the rest of the things I had already acknowledged. I send a formal receipt in case you need such for your files.I am now at work on the final volume of Tell el Obeid, but progress is not so fast as I should wish. Hitherto I have stopped in London, as it is best both for the writing and for work in connection with next season to be within reach of the British Museum, but I grow very tired of town life, and generally weary, and must get away before long and hope that I can carry on with the book in the country.Mallowan has been vetted by Kenyon and definitely engaged as assistant for next season; he seems a decent fellow and I trust that he will make goo[?d?] good. It was disappointing to find that Linnell was not the right sort, and I sincerely hope for better luck this time.I don't think that there is anything else to report.Yours sincerely,C Leonard Woolley:
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British MuseumW. C. 1.July 30. 1925.Received of Dr. G. B. Gordon, on behalf of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, the sum of Forty Two Pounds sterling, being the price of one Arabic vase of bronze and silver.Signed,C. Leonard Woolley:
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British MuseumW. C. 1.June 17. 1926.Dear Legrain,I was very sorry to miss you when you came through London; I was stopping outside town and coming in every dat[sic] for duty as a special constable, and had no opportunity to get round to the Museum. Now I am sending through Gordon the enclosed cheque for [pound sign]69. 16. 11. made out to you, which is in repayment of the money you spent in travelling over and above what I advanced on account in Baghdad. I have outstanding against you a small bill for drinks, stamps, cash etc., at Ur, which amounts [from word to through end of money, there is a box drawn by hand] to [pound sign]5. 7. 6; this is regarded as a personal advance by myself, so I have not subtracted it from the official cheque but should be glad if you would repay it direct to me.I shall probably be writing to you shortly about the hand-copies of the inscriptions; I gather that the publication of these will take quite a long time and in that case I should like to carry out your idea and have mechanical copies made, at least of the brick inscriptions, as working material for the field. Only I want to discuss this with Gadd, and he is at the moment away on holiday.Hope you had a good trip back and flourish at the Museum. Please give my best regards to Miss McHugh.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [script signature with flourish]:
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British MuseumWC1.June 12, 28Dear Miss MacHughHere is the second installment: I am sending you photos of the best objects that have been restored hitherto. The finest perhaps is the mosaic \"standard\" in shell & lapis lazuli the discovery of which was announced in my last report on the graves; then it was impossible to say much about it, now you will see how remarkable a thing it is. The two panels are set back to back, slightly sloped, & the triangular pieces fitted between them as the ends, thus [drawing (artifact:standard)], & the whole may:
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BRITISH SCHOOL OF ARCHAEOLOGY[ae ligature in original] IN IRAQ(GERTRUDE BELL MEMORIAL)PRESIDENT: Major-Gen. Sir Percy Cox, G.C.M.G., G.C.I.E., K.C.S.I. CHAIRMAN: Sir Edgar Bonham Carter, K.C.M.G., C.I.E.HON. SECRETARY: E.H. Keeling, M.C. HON. TREASURER: Brig.-Gen. Sir Osborne Mance, K.B.E., C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O.[on right side of page, 20 WILTON STREET, LONDON, S.W. and a telephone number are crossed out]British Museum [handwritten]July 5th., 1933.Dear Father Legrain,I send you enclosed an announcement of a new Journal which may I hope receive your support in the form of articles on the archaeological subjects which interest you. Our intentions are strictly honourable, that is to say scientific or any other catch-word. Nothing will be considered too dry or dull. May I hope that you will feel able to send me a contribution soon?Yours sincerelySidney Smith:
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Broken below waist.
Fig. w. animal head & human body (?)
hands clasp_d round neck :
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Broken below waist. Fem. - heavy neckl. Wavy hair falling over sh. & down in a knot at the back. (!):
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Brought forward 879. 8. 3. TRAVELLING Four members of staff, Ur to Baghdad 340. 16. 8 Foremen to Jerablus 11. 15. 0. F. SALARIES C. L . Woolley, for four months, 266. 13. 4 Mrs. Woolley, for season, 100. 0. 0 E. L Mallowan, balance for season, 83. 6. 8 Rev, E. Burrows, for season 200. 0. 0 £ 1895. 19. 11. [OK]:
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Brought in
TC. Fem squat_g, suckl_g an infant :
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BROWN BROTHERS & CO.NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA BOSTONBROWN, SHIPLEY & Co.LONDONFOURTH AND CHESTNUT STREETSPHILADELPHIANov. 10, 1922Messrs. Pennsylvania University Museum33rd & Spruce StreetsPhiladelphiaDear Sirs:We enclose herewith our check $8.80 for the equivalent of £2.- received from the British Museum through Messrs. Brown, Shipley & Co., London, and we also send herewith a letter, which explains the transaction.Please ackowledge receipt.Yours respectfully[signature] Brown Brothers[?]Dictated byMr.Graham/C:
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Brown clay head. mould_d Beardless (fem?) in high relief w. flat head_d:
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Buff clay Fig-Seated goddess Facing rt.
Flounced skirt. Rt h. raised. Lt h. holding bottle (no!).:
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Buff clay fig. Fem nude, mitred, w. neckl.
Broken below knees. :
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Buff clay. Beard_d man- Brok at knees
Nude- Bell. Ityphallic- Holds 2 palms?
Like armed god- but no horned milk.:
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Buff TC. fig.
God wearing simple fillet & carry_g flail. Sacred animal overhead. :
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Buff-
Horse's head - Long neck.:
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Buff. Clasp_d
Nude Fem. Bead neckl. Attitude of devotion-Head& torso only. :
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Bull -
H_d. model_d, painted. black on green
Al'Ubaid type:
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Bull foot_d demon hold_g staff
fac_g. left.
from waist up:
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Bull's head - Fine_y medel_d. & paint_d red.
Muzzle, ears, horns, miss_g:
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but if Dr. Gordon still wishes to discuss the matter I shall be glad to see him.If you see Dr. Gordon perhaps you would be kind enough to give him this information.Yours truly,[signature] R.W. Bullard [?]:
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but whereas the photos have duly arrived (and please thank him from me for those) there is no sign of the blocks. They would have been despatched under separate cover, and perhaps they are on their way, but I would ask you to make enquiries.It is very difficult to work things smoothly at such a distance and I am obliged to call for help!Yours sincerely,C Leonard Woolley [with flourish][there is a series of numbers pencilled in below Woolley's signature. They are 16879168881689616898168991690216904[crossed out]1760117602[crossed out] ]:
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C O P YBritish MuseumLondon12th August, 1924My dear Gordon:I have received your letter of July 24th, confirming and explaining your cable of the same date, just after coming away for my holiday; but I am only at my cottage at Godstone, so there is no difficulty about attending to business.I am sorry that you should have been put to inconvenience by the want of correspondence between estimates and expenditure in the two previous seasons. It is, of course, very difficult, if not impossible, for the director of the excavations to determine exactly the amount which he will be able to spend to advantage in a given season. In the first season Mr. Woolley closed down as soon as he had spent the sum allotted to him, when he might have continued work for a few more weeks if he had had the money. In the second he asked for more money. Both methods have their inconvenience, as you found; but the only third alternative is to ask for me than he is at all likely to spend; and that also might be inconvenient. However, so far as we are concerned, we are quite willing to fall in with whichever method is most convenient to you, if you will let me know your wishes.As to the bad effect of the announcement that the Iraq Government had retained all the most important objects found, you understand of course that we had no part or responsibility in it. It emanated from irresponsible press correspondents in Baghdad. No doubt the third party in our excavations, the Administration in Baghdad, had its difficulties also, and is anxious to assure the Government and people of Iraq that they have got their full share of the proceeds. In point of fact, I think Miss bell treated us quite fairly. She was bound to claim the most striking object (the milking frieze) for Baghdad; but she compensated us by leaving to us considerably more than our half share of the other important objects, notably the other friezes and the copper bulls. This is quite in accordance with the original understanding, and it is only on these terms that we can expect to be allowed to work.As to the coming season, it is for you to say what you are able and willing to contribute. It is of course quite legitimate for you, as the result of two years' experience, to propose a revision of the terms originally arranged. It was your own suggestion that you should provide the larger share of the money, in consideration of the fact that we found most of the staff and what you described as the local goodwill. But this may quite well be reconsidered/in view of the other advantages that we have/, and if you propose a half-and-half division of the cost,:
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C, fig - waist up. only. drab, mould
Fem? w h. head_d., cloth_d, rosettes at each sh. & on backgr.:
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C. arm of a jointed doll - pierc_d.
to be fix_d to the body ( & to move?)
H. model_d Traces of red paint:
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C. Fig-green-mould_d Beard_d fig in long robe. with low head dress & collar. :
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C. Fig. bust only drab. mould. male (?) rt. sh. bare, cloak over l. :
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C. fig. bust only. green_sh. mould.
Beard_d man. h. horn_d headd.:
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C. Fig. drab. model_d Fem. w. cross belt(or bandoliers) legs not indicat_d. Head miss_g:
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C. fig. drab. model_d Seat_d fig. w. neckl:
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C. fig. drab.mould
Bare.head-d Fig,. cloth_d, wear_g neckl. & carry_g animal:
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C. Fig. Fr-D- drap clay. mould Nude Fem. Bracelets. Left arm raised. Head&legs broken.:
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C. Fig. Frt waist up. drab. moul_d nude Fem fig. w l. arm rais_d:
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C. fig. frt_t waist up. red, mould_d.
Beard_d fog. w. h. head_d. hold_g emblems:
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C. fig. Fr_t bust only, drab, mould.
Beard_d fig, in horn_d headd.:
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c. Fig. fr_t bust only. Drab. Mould. Fem. w neckl., h, headd, curl_d locks. of hair-chpp_d. :
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C. Fig. fr_t head only. Drab. mould_d
Beard_d fig. w. horn_d headd.:
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C. fig. fr_t torso only-Green model_d Male. Cresc. on rt. sh. & bandolier over left.:
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C. fig. Fr_t waist down. drab. mould_d seat_d Fig. w flounc_d skirt:
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C. fig. fr_t waist up, green _h drab
mould_d.
Fem (?) w horn_d head_d.:
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C. fig. fr_t waist up. drab. mould_d
Nude beard_d fig. head in profile.
carry_g axe over rt. sh:
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C. Fig. fr_t waist up. white. mould. Fem. neckl. Hair in curls:
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C. Fig. Fr_t, head & rt. sh. only- green_sh mould.
Fem. w. neckl. & low headed:
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C. fig. fr_t, head & sh., drab, mould.
Beard_d w. turban. like headd.
hold_g animal (head only remains) to his breast:
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C. Fig. fr_t, waist up. Drab. mould
Fem. hold_g circul. obj. = 1344
:
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C. fig. fr_t, waist up., drab, mould.
Beard_d fig, w low horn_d headd. :
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C. Fig. Fr_t. waist up-Green-Mould_d Fem. neckl. hair in curls:
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C. fig. Fr_t. waist up-red. mould_d
Fem.fig. hold_g lance in each hand. 2 cresc. above
cf.128:
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c. fig. legs & arms miss_g drab model_d
Male fig. sitting or riding:
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c. fig. red, mould.
Fem. w. h. horn_d head_d., flounc_d skirt
hold_g. out object in l. hand:
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c. Fig. red. model_d=1609-Head & arms missing:
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C. fig. red. mould
Fig. w flounc_d skirt-Head miss_g:
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C. Fig. red. mould_d Head feet off Nude Fem Fig bold relief:
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C. Fig. torso only, green. model_g Nude Fem. neckl. Hands support_g breasts :
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c. fr_t Head of horse (?l.drab):
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C. Fr_t Head of pig? Yellow sh.
One side broken away :
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C. Leonard Woolley, Esq. â2â 12/23/32of the cemetery volume. He will be able to tell me whether the question should be laid before the higher authorities of the Carnegie Corporation. I don't believe so. Your subscription plan would make it available to all those directly concerned with its contents, i.e. students, libraries, and the like and it is to those that the low price is essential. The general public can perfectly well afford to absorb the dealers' commission and a book, it is my opinion, sells just as easily over the counter for $15.00 as for $12.00. I think it would be well for both museums to circularize as widely and as thoroughly as possible the people who might subscribe, even though this might necessitate some outlay in the form of an attractive announcement with perhaps a sample of the colour plates. If you could forward me your general ideas along these lines I could have prepared a tentative scheme for such a circular which might save you time.Please accept my best wishes for a good season, not only archaeological but in every other way, and believe me,a[stray a in text]Always sincerely yours, Horace H. F. JayneDIRECTOR.P.S. Legrain's head of Queen Shubad is abandoned. We have the coronets and comb separately shown. It is a considerable improvement.:
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C. relief, back of chair. drab, mould.
2 (nude) Fig., h. head_d. stand_g s. by s. Round them birds:
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C. relief, disk. mould_d: greenish.
Grotesq. face, eyes pierc_d 2 holes
near the ears, for suspension-Convex & hollow behind:
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C. relief, fr_t, two heads- red_sh mould.
Beard_d male & fem, stand_g s. by s. :
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C. relief. profile. Red clay
Fr-T should. to knees:
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C. Stool, drab. 4 legs, mould_d herring bone pattern on seat. :
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c.fig. drab, mould.
Fig. w. skirt to knees, legs [notation? crossed out] profile,
carry_g axe? over rt. sh.
Head miss_g
{[cf. U. 1745]} martu?:
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c/o Eastern Bank LtdBasra, Iraq Nov. 18. 1922Dear Gordon, Herewith an interim report from which you can see that things are going pretty well. It is not an ideal country to dig in : - hopelessly ignorant workmen, lots of trouble with local sheikhs etc, the discomfort of tent life, and general insecurity; but the site is a fine one and should yield very good stuff. Kenyon writes that he had suggested your sending out another American, & I agree that it would be as well for Philadelphia to be directly represented: but I really need another assistant & should welcome any reasonable person. There is lots of work, & the interruptions on my time are only too many. I'll report again at the end of the month - very busy at present.Yours sincerelyC. Leonard Woolley:
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C: fig. fr_t torso only. Green. Model_d Male. Crec. on rt. sh., & baudolier over left. :
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Camel - Rider broken off
Hand model_d - Rough:
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campaign in more detail. Is there anyone over here who can discuss plans with us on your behalf? Our general idea would be (1) to complete the excavation of the small site at Tell Obeid, where Mr. Hall obtained his best results, (2) to continue work at Abu Shahrein (Eridu) and Tell Mugayyar (Ur), if on further reconnaissance they appear likely to yield good results. But you also have Nippur in hand, and may wish to resume work there. Probably we shall have to leave something to Woolley's judgement when he gets out there; but it will be as well to know your views in advance as fully and frankly as possible.Your proposals with regard to the main provision of funds being made by you are very liberal, and greatly ease the situation. We can contribute something, but could not afford a long campaign on a large scale. If we have any luck, I do not doubt our having sufficient results to satisfy the needs of both institutions, while paying the fullest respect to the legitimate requirements of Bagdad.Believe meYours sincerely [signature] F.G. Kenyon:
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can after discovery, in a form which permits of ready use without claiming a definitive character. Further, it will be convenient to have the texts published in advance, to be referred to in the archaeological volumes.This is the more necessary as I am told the Bagdad Museum (if it is to be called a Museum) is selling some of the inscribed objects which have fallen to its share, without restrictions as to publication. I propose to write to Miss Bell to call attention to this.The conclusion, therefore, which I suggest for your consideration is that we should undertake a series of publications in parts, on the lines of our Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets, such parts to be prepared by the cuneiformists who have been attached to the expedition or who are at the disposal of the two Museums, each scholar being responsible for the parts produced by him. They would no doubt keep one another fully informed by the exchange of proofs, etc., so that their work may neither overlap nor clash, but in the end each would be responsible for his own work. It will be necessary, I take it, for physical reasons, that the British cuneiformists should undertake the publication of the texts which fall to the share of the British Museum, and the American cuneiformists those which:
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card-index, of which I enclose a tracing to assist in identification. This head will have to be illustrated in a line drawing, as we have no more room for photos: would you be so kind as to have a line drawing of it made and posted to me here? If you sent a photograph it would have to be redrawn, so that it would save time and trouble if it were drawn straightaway at Philadelphia. If you will do this we should be very much obliged. Needless to say the matter is urgent.We also have information as to the measurements of the object and shall be glad to have <strike /> this lacuna in the proof filled up also, if you will be so kind. There are no measurements on the index-card.Yours sincerelyH. R. Hall:
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Carnegie Corporation of New York522 Fifth Avenue New YorkOffice of the President August 5, 1935Mr. Horace H. F. Hayne, DirectorThe university MuseumUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaDear Mr Jayne: I have your letter of the 30th aand hasten to reply that you need not worry a bit about the Ur publication negotiations in London. What happened was this:President Jessup, of the Carnegie Foundation, who is a member of our Board, and I were in London together in June, and we decided that the situation had reached a point where the best thing for the Corporation to do would be to dig further into its pocket in order that everybody should be satisfied, without attempting to sit in judgment between the two more or less cooperating agencies. We therefore agreed to take the risk of oligating the Board to add to its original grant the amount in dispute, and Jessup, who saw Sir George Hill, told him so. In other words, any funds that are to be paid for this purpose do not come out of your funds in Pennsylvania, but out of our Treasury. With best wishes,Sincerely Yours, Signed Kreppel:
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CARNEGIE CORPORATION522 Fifth Ave.New York.October 18, 1934Provost Josiah H. PennimanUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pa.Dear Provost Penniman:-On October 9 Dr. Jayne was kind enough to send us a statement as to the progress of the Corporation's grant to the University Museum. No doubt you have seen a copy. I took occasion to send Dr. Jayne's letter to Mr. James, who is away from New York, and I think you should have a copy of this reply. Sincerely yours, s/ F. P. Keppel:
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CARNEGIE CORPORATION522 Fifth AvenueNew YorkOffice of the President November 13, 1931President Thomas S. GatesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pa.Dear President Gates:We are glad to inform you that at a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Corporation, held November 11, the following resolution was adopted:RESOLVED, That, from the balance available for appropriation, the sum of ten thousand dollars ($10,000.) be, and it hereby is, appropriated to the University of Pennsylvania Museum toward publication of the results of the joint expedition of the Britiwhs Museum and the University of Pennsylvania Museum to Mesopotamia.We are authorizing our Treasurer to make payment of this amount on November 25.Mr Woolley has been cabled with regard to this appropriation, and a copy of this letter is being sent him.Sincerely yours,s/ F. P. Keppel:
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carrying whip over the left shoulder,
Seated side way, face in front. right hand extended, palm opened-Fringed shawl down to ankle, covers left shoulder, Right arm bare.
Hair parted, waved, drawn behind ears. tied with a band, covered w. a woollen cap. Formal beard Framed between 2 locks of hair
Bracelet.
Whip has short handle, long thing.
Ram's fleece=kaunak -Curved
horn round the ear.
Moulded plaque, w. 2 feet support
:
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casts. As most of the moulds will be here, it would not be fair to you if each Museum received the proceeds of sales of casts supplied by it, and the only equitable method, as it seems to me, is that we should share equally all the expenses of manufacture and all the proceeds of sales. I shall be glad to hear if you agree.Yours sincerelyF.G.Kenyon:
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CBS 12580 NippurLoaned (Mr Turner Kc[?]erney Nebraska) Nor. 1931.(office)Lost - Feb.4.1933 - Mr Turner answers that it was returned within 3 month -:
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certain number of mislaid items, considering that there are no less than 3 museums concerned, and one so inaccessible as Baghdad. The thing which bothers me most is the disappearance of the Nur-Adad cones, because I have a pretty clear recollection of them here, in London, among the first year's spoils before the division between L. & P. was made, and now, since you haven't got them, and no search has yet revealed them here, we are in a hole over the inscription. If they still evade capture I shall have to cancel the number, which will be a most confounded nuisance. As for the other items, we have at least the inscriptions, so that I will either gloss over, somehow, their present fate, or else will boldly label them 'mislaid', and shame the devil.The only other thing to do is to write something by way of preface to the book. This need not be long and should, I suppose, concern itself mainly with three points(a) a few of the more important historical (etc.) points that arise from the texts. (b) System of transliteration (no diacritical marks). (c) Responsibilities of different collaborators, in a very general way.I will, if you please, submit a draft to you, which please alter, amend, boost, sufflaminate, or otherwise transmogrify as shall seem good to you. And all this shall happen before you leave on August 5th. - I am very glad to hear you are coming over, and look forward with very pleasant anticipation to meeting you again.Ur seems to go from strength to strength: the show for this year has just opened, and is really astonishingly rich, though the famous gold dagger has not yet arrived. I am frankly a good deal puzzled by these tombs; there seems no doubt at all that they are pre-1st. Dyn., but if so, where do they belong; there not having been anything in the way of a kingdom at Ur before? But doesn't is show how queerly things happened in:
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cf Enlarg_d clay offer_g table:
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cf Enlarg_t
Animal on wheels:
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cf head: 31-16-963
Ram passing. Hole though nose.
Male organ.. added piece of clay & pellet:
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cf U. 7094 Found w. Larsa vase type from G. 22, DP.
TC. pig - Incis_d lines on back: hair
One foot lost :
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cf U.216
TC. relief. Beard_d man w. monkey on head.
feet resting on shoulders {leading a 2nd. monkey on leash before him}:
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cf. 17071 = 31-43-308
Glazed frit: Pair of fishes :
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1
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cf. 7582.
Fr_t
upper part of drap_d - fem - elabor_t headd. & ornam_ts
grotesque:
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CF. Englarg_d
Clay offe_g table:
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CF. Enlarg_d
Clay offering table:
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1
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cf..15331:
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cf.16238
Found in filling of no_ 5. New Street, 1.30 below Kassite wall Foundation & 200 below Kassite floor level, close to 2 pots of definitely cassite types (Li, ccLxxv)
Sides of shrine * formed of 2 col., covered with. rows of minute dots in relief. & décor-ated w. a rosette. The arch is rather flat. the sides of the soffit straight below but curved in the centre. Straight sides make am angle of 135 [degrees]. The central curve corresponds to a swelling in the face of the crown of the arch.
on this face of the arch are 2 rows of lines resembling brickwork - on the swelling they are radial on the straight_d sides, at the right angle to the soffit
Above the arch is a flat calathus shaped drum. w. 2 small rings above
The figure is shown Full Face
Impression is bad,.. middle. of the fig projects considerably, all details missing.
Standing or seated? -
face Full, oval, no beard, probably fem. Hair lost against crown of the arch
- 2- :
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cf.2641.
Drab.
Seat_d fem. Flounc_d-Stars on
either side, Dog at rt. foot & monkey to left.
upper part miss_g:
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Chair-Upper back miss_g
zigzag. parall. lines in relief on
seat =reed matting.
on back, a relief 2 birds; geese
4 legs-(only 2 complete.:
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Chair?
Relief: dogs & cresc. moons:
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1
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Chariot wheel, w toothed edge:
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1
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Chariot wheel. Fr-t:
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1
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Chariot.Wheels:
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1
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Child's rattle in baked clay w double cogged edge and perforations in the sides.:
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Child's rattle- Drab clay.:
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1
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Child's rattle. Drab clay. Circular of 2 pieces fitted together. Hole in one side. :
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1
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Chocker - & Necklace - Central spacer
Double bracelet.:
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chocker. 2 string-Necklace-
2 crescents & stars on back of chair-:
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CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY1. Woolley filed memorandum with the Carnegie Corporation asking consideration of a suggested grant of $25,000. for the Ur Publications.2. The University Museum received two subventions from the Carnegie Corporation:$10,000. on Nov. 13, 1931$15,000. in Oct. - Dec. 1932________For terms of these grants see attached copies. $25,000.3. Initial payment made to Woolley on November 4, 1932 of £500 ($1,725.36)4. On Dec. 5 1932 Woolley wrote and cabled asking that $15,000 be transferred to him. The University Museum had received no notice that a fixed contract had been let, no maximum-price guarantee, no formal accounting of expenses.Except against a bill so fixed, the University Museum was reluctant to risk funds entrusted to it by the Carnegie Corporation, in view of the possiblity that the £ might be hopelessley devaluated; never-theless the Museum cabled Woolley on Jan. 5, 1933 for his current expenses. £1493/13/0 ($5,000.)On this cf. Jayne's letter of Dec. 23, 1932 and fore-going note. 5. Aug. 12 1933 Woolley reduced account of expenses to date amounting to £1384/9/106. The University Museum had meanwhile paid Miss Baker for art work the sum of $2,223.65 including £1000 paid Oxford PressNovember 20th Woolley reduced account to date showing expenditure of £1449/4/2 and balance in Woolley's hands of £545/19/87. In a letter of Oct. 5 and a cable of Nov. 2, 1933 Woolley requested (copies attached) the immediate remittance of the entire balance of the publication fund. An exchange of cables on Nov. 8, 9, 14 and 15 and a letter from Woolley dated Nov. 16, 1933 elicited the information (copies enclosed) that the total commitments would amount to about £6996. This was the first intimation to us of the size of the bill.8. Jayne and Woolley exchanged letters on Dec. 6 and 13, 1933 (copies enclosed) 9. On Feb. 15, 1934 a statement was finally presented by the Oxford Press to Woolley. In the form in which it finally reached the University Museum it showed a total for printing and binding of £5874/4/0 less £1000 Woolley had paid.10. The University Museum paid to the Oxford Press, Aug. 11, 1934 £1961/3/7 ($10.000.)11. Woolley paid to the Oxford Press, Nov. 6, 1934 £ 492/0/012. The University Museum paid to the Oxford Press, Nov 16, 1934 £1100/0/0 ($5,000.):
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Circular stamp with eagle/phoenix? in left-hand cornerFOREIGN MARINE POLICYINSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICAPHILADELPHIAINCORPORATED A.D. 1794No. 1069702(PLACE AND DATE) Philadelphia, Pa., July 6, 1927The INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA in consideration of a premium as agreed and subject to the Conditions and Warranties specified herein and/or attached hereto, does by this Policy insure UNIVERSITY MUSEUM...... as well in his or their own name as in that of those to whomsoever the subject matter of this Policy does or shall appertain, in the sum of ..... Five thousand..... dollars.upon 5 cs Antiquesvalued at... Sum insured...laden (under deck) on board the ship or vessel called thenSS. \"LONDON EXCHANGE\"(lost or not lost)at and from ... Philadelphia to London England.SPECIAL CLAUSESWarranted not to cover the interest of any partnership, corporation, association, or person, insurance for whose account would be contrary to the trading with the Enemy Acts, or other statutes or prohibitions of the United States.Free of particular, average, unless the vessel be stranded; sunk, burned or in collision.[initialled]This policy shall not be vitiated by an unintentional error in description of voyage or interest, or by deviation, provided the same be communicated to the insurers as soon as known to the assured, and an additional premium paid if required, but it is understood and agreed that this clause does not, in any way, cover the risk of war, riot or civil commotion, or prejudice the printed wording of the policy excluding risks of this nature.[initialled]The presence of the Negligence Clause and/or latent Defect Clause in the Bills of Lading, and/or Charter Party, not to prejudice this insurance. [initialled]Including risk of lighterage to and from the vessel, each craft or lighter to be considered as if separately insured. [initialled]Including the risk of theft or an entire case. [initialled]To attach and cover from the moment the merchandise and/or goods, being at the risk of the assured, leave store, warehouse or factory at initial point of shipment (?) (whether at interior place or laces or at the -?-) and cover continuously thereafter in due course of transit until safely delivered into store, warehouse or factory at final place of destination. This insurance covers during inland transportation and whilst awaiting shipment, transhipment, reshipment and delivery, including risk while on docks, wharves, quays, or in lighters, and in Appraiser's store and/or Custom House for examination; but does not cover in other store or warehouse. [initialled]Goods insured hereunder by land conveyances are also covered against loss or damage caused by fire, collision and derailment; and while on docks or elsewhere on shore, against the risks of collapse and/or subsidence of docks, wharves, quays, also fire, floods (meaning the rising of navigable waters. [initialled][Large circular stamp writing: INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA ENDORSEMENT ISSUED]over paper covering text with OFFICE COPY NOT NEGOTIABLE stamped on it].Paper with text in six languages saying: In case of loss or damage of any nature, if covered by this insurance, claim must be immediately filed in writing against the vessel or other carrier, and a copy thereof and of the reply thereto must accompany any claim presented under the insurance policy, in addition to the usual certificate of loss issued by the underwriters'agent. Paper ends with Insurance Company of North America, PHILADELPHIA with oval stamp (see above).:
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Cl. relief-mould_d
Nude male. Fig:
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clasped hands, holding...(club?)
3 bigs. 2 small stars (flowers) decorate the high back of her throne-other emblems on either side of knees?:
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Clay animal. Paint_d ware
U. 12772: Painted clay. figurine found at 4.50m. (14 ft. 6 in_s) below a brick pavement of about 3100BC. in the prehistoric settlement.:
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clay axe. Imperfect:
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1
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clay basin w. snakes & fem. fig.
T.C. box-Oval.
sides decorated. with applied. fig of snakes and a rudimentary human fig
[See: large. photo Print.] :
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Clay bead imitation of shell core:
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1
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Clay bead. imitation of .. core of a shell. with spiral band.:
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Clay bed or chair. Fr_t
mould_decor. on upright-
2 crescents on poles w. tree (?)
between.:
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1
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Clay bird - Legs like vase -
Neck broken off, child's rattle -
Wings render_d by cross - hatching - on back.
Hole under tail. :
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1
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Clay boat (bellum), one end broken:
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1
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Clay boat- Flatbottom- Stern & Prow reinforced by triang. pieces-
Hole pierced to prow, a string was probably attached to the "toy".:
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1
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Clay boat- Fr_t:
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1
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Clay bull: headless scratching on side.:
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1
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Clay dog (?) - barking
Legs & tail miss_g :
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1
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Clay duck (like .U. 1278:
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1
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Clay duck (like. U. 1280) :
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1
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Clay duck - Light clay - Pierc_d horizont_y for suspens. Head missing :
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Clay fig of humped bullock [w. green]crossed out] clay [w. black paint. Both horns & 1 black leg missing]crossed out] Legs & horn miss_g Plain reddish drab clay:
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1
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Clay Fig-Lowerpart of flat wide_hipp_d Astarte fig.:
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1
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Clay fig.:
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2
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Clay fig. 2 legs miss_g :
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1
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Clay Fig. Animal -
Greenish drab. clay. w. black paint
for eyes, collar etc:
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Clay Fig. crudely hand-model_d wi dark clay made to the top of the hips only: in the flat base is a hole to attach the figure to a trunk of some other material.
The head is very small & bird - like
the arms like wings (?under a cloak?):
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clay fig. Frt_t of, in drab clay, nude
fem w. hands on flanks.
PFT. lowest occupant. level. 1600.:
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Clay fig. Fr_l-Reddish
cf 2933-2873:
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clay fig. fr_t - Head & body to waist (no
arms) Nude fem. fig. of unusual type the high wig probably existed but is broken off.:
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Clay Fig. head rough_y pinched out. fillet with bunch of ribbons (?)
& flat upstand_g ornam_t at back
(comb?):
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clay fig. of a boar. Forepart only. Reddish clay w. creamy drab surface.
Hollow - Pig :
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1
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Clay fig. of a goat:
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1
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clay fig. of a sheep:
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Clay Fig. of a water buffalo? One great ear broken off. :
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1
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Clay Fig. of animal - Hand model_d- Crude - on r. should. an incised sign
PG. Pit w. sis-VI-VIII:
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clay fig. of animal. entirely cover_d w. small punctured circles :
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clay fig. of animals
:
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Clay fig. of greenish drab clay w. painted lines.:
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Clay Fig. Torso only: in reddish clay w. black paint markings. Nude fem.
PFT. level 1230
[cf. 15358 - level 1250.
TC. fig:
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Clay Frag-jar. decorated. w-nude fem Fig in relief. moulded & applied-surf jar: incised lines & circles.
Fr. of pottery stamped, incised, decorated w. applied- moulded Fig. oF nude woman clasped, standing on a square base slim-Archaic-tradition of grammy[?] vases.
Round stamp w. markings Double circles with dot joined by nine incised lines-(Beads on necklace):
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Clay frog - Drab clay - Pierc_d f. susp. Broken. :
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1
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Clay frog - Light drab clay w. traces of green glaze underneath; pierc_d for suspens. :
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Clay fr_t Animal: w. someth_g design_d on each side. :
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Clay head of a calf from a vase. Crud_y h-model_t. Below breasts {crossed out} head are 2 breasts pier_d w holes. Front of a zoomorph_c vase. :
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Clay imitation of copper axe:
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1
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Clay Incense burner. yellow buff. Incised chequer pattern on sides. :
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1
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Clay insence burner:
|
2
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Clay mace head. Fr_t of drab clay burnt black in the inside. The shape was the normal globular or ovoid. with vertical fluting: the surface treated w. plum. red paint.:
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1
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Clay model bed. Greenish clay.
Mattress- pattern in relief. :
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1
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Clay model nails. Pl. XLUl:
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1
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Clay model shield? Drab.
Arm band at back unpierc_d:
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1
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Clay model wheel.:
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1
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Clay model' nails. of normal bent type.
[232 circled top of note]:
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Clay model: A child's toy represent_g a man mounted upon a horse which has 2 heads looking towards each othe. The Upper part of the rider is broken and the reins(?) are represented in a curious manner.
The whole stands on a clay base w. holes for wheels and a string to pull it along. :
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Clay Monkey. Light drab clay. Pierced for suspension. :
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1
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Clay monkey. Pierced for suspens. :
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1
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clay mould-Greenish subject non identifi_ble:
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1
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Clay mould-Red. grey. Nude fem. w. neckl. & belt. Top of head broken. :
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Clay mould. drab. Nude Fem. Broken below waist:
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Clay mould. God_ss wearing a flat(?) low headdress. only head & shoulders left:
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Clay nail. A. normal type. shaft mostly straight and bent round at the tip which is missing.:
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Clay obj. of uncertain use. pierced through centre. :
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Clay plaque-unbak_d. Surf. smoother &border_d w. inris_d str. lines. on surface, lightly incis_d...a sketch. of Human head l. w. horned? headdress:
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Clay rattle in form of a bird on pedestal drab clay model_d:
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1
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Clay rattle- Double scallop_d rim pierc_d through.:
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Clay rattle- Nobbed edge. :
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clay relief of 2 seated Fig. like u. 1310(Ph. 191):
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Clay relief-Pair of seated Fig.
male(1), Fem(rt.l embracing each other w. one arm.
The man holds in his other hand a
kid or lamb, & the woman a hanging bag.:
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Clay relief. Back of a chair.
male & Fem Fig.:
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Clay relief. Bedstead.:
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1
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Clay relief. Fem fig. Head off. :
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Clay relief. Seated man & woman embracing.
Full flounced Sumer skirts:
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clay relief. Two seat_d Fig. mother & daughter(rt) The mother holds a vessel before her breast w. l. h. :
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clay rosette, light clay - traces of green glaze; pierced through clay loop at back for attaching - 17 petals- :
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clay sealings, of which you have many photographs- I nearly forgot many unseemly pieces of clay or brick from the Pre flood periodI hope I will be able to catch my boat on Oct 22nd from Haire. In case of delay I will cable to let you know.I had good time in France and Belgium, I covered over six thousand miles and nearly saw all my friends-Yours sincerly.L. Legrain:
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Clay sheep Fr_t:
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Clay sickle - Greenish drab, prehistoric model - cutting edge & point painted black.
From deep trench within the Ur-Engur terrace. P.D.W.
[264]circled]:
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Clay sickle. Greenish grab model
Prehistoric. w. cutting edge. and. end of blade painted black.
[264]circled]:
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Clay sling bolt pear shaped.:
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1
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Clay sling bolts. Ball type:
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Clay spatula - Not painted.
But Al'Ubaid ware:
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Clay stand- Rectangular-Decorated w. inert_d. dot fill_d triangles.:
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1
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Clay Statuette-snowman technique:
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1
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Clay stool. 2 legs miss_g. :
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1
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Clay stool. Buff.
One leg & corner missing.
Rush seat. :
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1
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Clay tool Probably a burnisher looking like a clay copy of a bone original. The blade triangular in section, the wider side slightly hollow_d out.:
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1
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Clay tool. A potters smoother?:
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1
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Clay wheel
drab.:
|
1
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Clay wheel rattle.
2 serrated- wheels:
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1
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Clay wheel-Indent_d edge.:
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1
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Clay wheel-plain edge
Red.:
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1
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Clay wheels. project_d, hub, log [not sure of this transcription?]edges
A-reddish
B-Greenish white.:
|
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Clay-box-lid. About 1/3 broken off. Adorn_d w. snakes in relief. Snake headed and boss relief. Reddish clay:
|
1
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Clay-box.
Red-drab clay.
Adorned w.
Spotted snakes
in relief
One end &
most of one
side broken.:
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1
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Cloth_d fig. carry_g monkey.
Legs & Feet only:
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coluring of the head is not fixed & so nothingmust be allowed to touch the face etc. I do hopethat it will arrive undamaged, but would askthat in any case it be not 'touched up' ordoctored in any way pending our arrival. Inthe exhibition here it has proved the greatest'draw' of the collection & will I think makean equal sensation in your galleries.Next season ought to be very successful &I hope that my anticipations will be correct& that you'll have an equal addition to theMuseum in consequence. I've arranged that allthe principal gold things shall be copied here& you'll be able to get electrotypes of the thingsthat either stop in London or go back toBaghdad. It is a slow business but essential.We are greatly looking forward to our visitnext spring. In the mean time I'm bringingout a little book on the history of theSumerians which ought to help to put the:
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Complete clay sickle
Sickes of burnt clay were used through the al'Ubaid. period (Flood period) and that of Jemdet Nasr. They are quite adequate for cutting ripe barley stems but must have broken easily, which may account for their great number found in. Frag_ts.:
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complete the division up to date. From the last season there is such a mass of small but valuable objects that there should be no difficulty in providing each Museum with a fully representative selection; though it may be best to defer the division until the excavation of of the cemetery from which these objects come is complete.That brings me to the final point, the question of the continuance of our joint work. After hearing Woolley's report, I have no doubt that we ought to go on for at least one other season. The cemetery which has been so extraordinarily prolific is only partially explored; and it is plainly our interest, as well as our duty, to finish it. After that, we shall be free to reconsider the situation. I am therefore glad to hear that you are prepared to continue for another season. As soon as Woolley has framed his plans and estimates I will lay them before you, and if any member of your Board is able to come over for a personal conference with him and me, so much the better.I have had the pleasure of receiving a visit from Mr. Charlton Henry, with your letter of introduction. He will be able to see all that we have of the results of the last season, and to report to you on his return.I fear I have no name to suggest to you as a successor to Dr. Gordon. I thought it right to ask Mr. Woolley whether he would wish his name to be put forward; but his preference is to continue to work in the field. I/am:
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Confidential.UR.Feb. 19. 1924.Dear Gordon,We are drawing to the close of a successful season; I shall stop actual digging on March 1st, and hope not long after that to get away. We shall have worked a good deal longer than last year, and on the average with a larger gang, - which is as it should be considering that the grant was a bigger one. I have not yet heard from you whether I shall be expected to come to the States, but in any case I ought to have a fairly busy summer.Looking well ahead, there is one matter of importance, namely, that next season Newton will not be available; he has been offered a permanent post for work in Egypt, and will accept it, and so Ur will lose his invaluable help. It is a very serious loss, and I know of no one with anything like his experience who can be got to replace him. Now it is quite obvious that an architect and draughstman is required, and if we can't get one of Newton's calibre we must at least get someone; and I am going to suggest that this is where Philadelphia might well come in. I imagine that next season you will in all probability be sending out Legrain, as Gadd is not likely to come out two years in succession (though I don't go so far as to say that this is impossible), and I will not again have Smith, who for all his good points is the last man to join in a job of this sort, and would not wish to come even if I would have him; so perhaps Philadelphia will take turns to provide the Assyriologist. But none the less you:
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ConfidentialCOPYURIraqNov.16, 1927Sir,I beg to confirm my cable announcing the discovery of a royal grave at Ur dating from the early period prior to the First Dynasty. Work is still in progress on the grave and the Air Mail goes today, so I am not able to give a proper account of this most important discovery, but feel it my duty to give you at the first opportunity some idea of it's magnitude.The grave is of the normal type, but was signalised by having at its head a spear stuck upright in the soil; the head of the spear is of copper, the shaft plated with gold. Round the wooden coffin were numerous vessels of stone, clay, copper and silver and one magnificent bowl of yellow gold richly ornamented with fluting and engraving; the silver vessels include a number of bowls, a lamp and a libation jug of large size. With these were many weapons, spears, axes, daggers, etc. Of the daggers two had gold hilts and one a silver hilt, the last much perished. Inside the grave was a silver lamp near the feet. On one side of the body was a mass of ear-rings in gold and silver, a gold pin with lapis head, a wreath of gold mulberry- leaves and beads; on the other side a vast number of beads in lapis and gold forming various necklaces, and with them a lapis figure of a ram, another of a frog, and an exquisitely worked miniature figure of a monkey in gold. Near the head:
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Conquering king [Circled: Type XI. B. I.]
A. Broken off at thighs:
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contains so much censure as you read into it. At the same time I see now that it is capable of interpretation in a hostile sense, and therefore might convey a wrong impression to the very few readers who will know what is referred to. For this I can only express my regret, and undertake to have the passage altered in the next issue of the Guide.I understand Joyce is writing to you direct.Yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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contemplated. Could you say, to be rather more precise, whether you would be ready to send in your material by about April 1936?All good wishes,Yours very sincerely,C.J.Gadd. [underlined]:
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continue the excavation of the cemetery as his principal task.Believe meYours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon:
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Convex hollow drum rattle, in shape of a cogged wheel, with loose day balls inside 5 perforated holes on either face:
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Copper objects of special interest :-SawThree toilet sets.Several lance and spear-heads.Inscriptions :-Gate-socket of Barduk-radin-akhe.Clay cone of Ibi-Sin.\" \" \" Rum-Sin.\" \" \" Summ-ilum.Glass, beads, etc:-About 30 necklaces of gold, silver and various stone beads, some with gold or silver pendants..........:
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COPY
Baghdad, 3rd January, 1928
Professor L. Legrain
University of Pennsylvania
Dear Prof. Legrain, I have written to Dr. Hall in the British Museum enquiring re some objects which were assigned to this Museum; but, for some reason, have not come here. Some of these objects were traced in the British Museum, but there remain two of them, mentioned here under, which I think are with you:-
2919 Fragment of clay inscription
3108 White stone celt.
Could you please have a look and let me know if they are with you? in which case, I shall be glad to have them back to complete our share.
No. 3204, clay tablet, was to come to Baghdad, but was taken by you for study. Please let me know when you will send it.
Yours sincerely
(Signed) R. E. COOKE
Honorary Director of Antiquities:
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COPY BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.112th June, 1935 Dear Dr. Jayne, I have to acknowledge your letter of May 31st. I regret that you should think me guilty of discourtesy in advancing the [pound symbol] 150 from the receipts of sales to Sir Leonard Woolley. It appears to me obvious that until it is finally decided to shut down the work on Vol. III it must be paid for as necessity demands; and until we have a decision on the matter in dispute, I assumed that I was justified in acting in accordance with what we have always understood to be the agreement with the Carnegie Corporation. We have been officially informed that the Carnegie Corporation has referred the matter back to President Gates; on the other hand we have since heard unofficially that it has been referred back to the Carnegie Corporation. We are still waiting for an official decision. I would however point out to you that on September 21st 1934 I wrote to you suggesting that the balance of the original Carnegie Grant transferred by you to the Publication Fund controlled by Mr. Woolley should be used for the payment of the bill of Vol. II. I added \"in that case Mr. Woolley must be supplied with a certain amount for incident expenses in preparation for Vols. III, IV, V, and this could rightly be taken from the proceeds of the sales of Vol. II.\" In your reply of October 23rd 1934 you explicitly accept the first part of my proposal, which had already been put into action, and by your silence upon the second part, which had necessarily followed on the first, implied your agreement with it. Since the terms of the grant, as interpreted by us, laid down that receipts from sales of Vol. II were to be devoted to the financing of Vol. III, I do not, pending the decision of the Corporation, accept the assumption that the authority of the Pennsylvania Museum is required before such transfers can be made. In other words, it is a joint concern of the two Museums and we are not merely your agents. It is obviously useless to pay a salary to Sir Leonard Woolley if the work cannot go forward; it is equally obvious that he cannot be expected to pay for it out of his own pocket. I am giving instructions for a full statement of receipts from sales to be made for your information.* In return I shall be obliged if you will favour me with a similar statement of sales on your side. Yours sincerely, (signed) George Hill Enclosed:
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Copy cable from HallJune 14/29LegrainMuseum University [?Penn?]When are you [?arriving?]Let me know soon asour holidays depend on you:
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COPY OF STATEMENT OF THE JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA FOR THE YEAR 1925-26 RENDERED BY C. LEONARD WOOLLEYSUMMARY OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR 1925-1926Totals of accounts rendered: £. s. d. For the period July 1 to October 1 .... 1015. 7. 1. For November (as corrected) ........... 765. 9. 7. For December .......................... 668. 14. 4. For January ........................... 583. 11. 9. For February .......................... 519. 16. 2. For the period of March 1 to June 30 .. 1268. 1. 10. TOTAL ..... 4821. 0. 9.Direct payments made by the Museums By Philadelphia, to Dr. Legrain for salary ............................ 350. 0. 0 By the British Museum, transmitting charges ............................... 17. 8 TOTAL EXPENDITURE ON EXPEDITION .. 5171. 18. 5:
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COPY OF STATEMENT RENDERED BY C. LEONARD WOOLLEY COVERING ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR 1925-1926A. Balance for year 1924-25 as shown and approved, £1005.19.7, less £250 remain- £ s. d. ing in hands of British Museum .......... 755. 19. 7.B. Remittances to the Eastern Bank by the British Museum as shown by passbook, these including £250. due to last year's balance ................................. 1659. 0. 11.C. Remittances to the Eastern Bank by the University Museum as shown by passbook .. 1869. 0. 0.D. Moneys handed to Dr. Legrain by the University Museum ....................... 484. 11. 7.E. Direct payments by the two Museums, as shown, other than the above .......... 17. 8. Total of payments by the two Museums .. £4769. 9. 9.F. Interest on deposit at Eastern Bank ..... 2. 4. 0G. By sale of reports in Iraq .............. 36. 6. 0. Total funds available to date ......... £4807. 19. 9. Balance due ........................... 363. 18. 8. TOTAL ............... £5171. 18. 5:
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COPY.Extract from the Treaty of Peace with Turkey.ARTICLE 421.The Turkish government will, within twelve months from the coming into force of the present Treaty, abrogate the existing law of antiquities which will be based on the rules contained in the Annex hereto, and must be submitted to the Financial Commission for approval before being submitted to the Turkish Parliament. The Turkish Government undertakes to ensure the execution of the law on a basis of perfect equality between all nations.---------------------ANNEX.1.\"Antiquity\" means any construction or any product of human activity earlier than the year 1700.2.The law for the protection of antiquities shall proceed by encouragement rather than by threat.Any person who, having discovered an antiquity without being furnished with the authorisation referred to in paragraph 5, reports the same to an official of the competent Turkish Department, shall be rewarded according to the value of the discovery.3.No antiquity may be disposed of except to the competent Turkish Department unless this Department renounces acquisition of any such antiquity.:
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COPY26 BroadwayNew YorkApril 16, 1928Mr. Emory McMichael1520 Locust StreetPhiladelphia, Pa.My dear Mr. McMichael:I shall be very glad to secure consideration of the request which you make in your letter of April 12th. It would be helpful to have additional information somewhat as follows:(1) Brief report of the work accomplished, the money expended and its sources.(2) Statement as to work yet undone and time and money required. Possible sources of the latter.Sincerely yours,(signed) THOMAS B. APPLEGETThomas B.Appleget[sic]:
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CopyBritish MuseumLondon WC. 1.June 16. 1929.Dear Kenyon,When you read to me this morning from Mr. Jayne's letter I Had not time to take all the points into consideration and should now like to emphasise or to add the following.I had told Mr. Jayne that an architect was required for next season and that if (as I expected) Mr. Whitburn were unable to come I should welcome the appointment of an American. Actually Mr. Whitburn is willing to serve again, and his two years' experience at Ur of course make him more valuable than any beginner.I had also said that I might require a second general assist-tant, who would be a young man whom I could train, and that in that case I should look for such in England, for various reasons: to this Mr. Jayne agreed.I was prepared to take an architect on the recommendation of other people because the qualifications of an architect are on record and can be assessed by anyone as well as by myself. The case of a general assistant is quite different.He must of course be a serious student with a good educational background: he must be prospectively at least a permanency - I cannot afford the time to give instruction to a man who does not intend to be of ultimate use to the Expedition: and he must be prepared to work not only in the field but also in London in the summer, where the work is not less important than that at Ur. But the most important qualification is that he must be a man whom I think I can deal with and train,:
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COPYBRITISH MUSEUMLondon, W. C. 1June 1st, 1928Dear Miss McHugh:I ought to have written to you long ago, partly to replyto your letter, partly to send you accounts, photographs and report;now I am writing and I can scarcely claim to be doing any of thesethings!As regards photos, I hope to send off to you next week abatch shewing the results of the work which we have been doing on theobjects found this season: many of them are not yet fully restored, but we have some wonderful things which will be quite new to you.And I'll try too to get off my statement of accounts up to the endof May. You asked for a photo of myself. I'll certainly send one, buthave not had any by me and so must be taken again and when thatoperation is over I'll send a specimen.It has been hard work this spring: there was ( and is) atremendous lot to do on the antikas, and this work has been complicatedby my own worries. My wife was really very ill by the time we got back: her sight was still very bad (she is not supposed to read yet)and she was suffering from septic poisoning in the bones of her face.She had three operations and spent some time in hospital and is stillunder treatment, but they do promise a good recovery and betterhealth. Of course she has had to lie up and rest most of the time,but she is also busy making a model of a Sumerian woman's head, basedon an actual skull, which will be dressed up with all the regalia ofQueen Shubad and will make a splendid show.:
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COPYBRITISH MUSEUMLondon, W.C.130th May, 1928Dear Miss McHugh,I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter ofMay 1st, which I have laid before my Trustees. They are glad tohear that your Board is prepared to continue its support of theUr Expedition for another season, on the same basis as before;and they authorise me to say that they fully concur with thisproposal. It is plainly our duty, as well as (it may reasonablybe hoped) to our great advantage to continue the excavations atleast until the cemetery which has yielded such rich resultsduring the past season has been fully explored.We hope to open our exhibition of last season's resultssomewhere about June 20th. It cannot fail to be extraordinarilyinteresting. We are also taking in hand the preparation ofelectrotypes of those objects which have to be returned to Baghdad.Mr. Woolley has not put forward any detailed plans fornext season's work, but of course proposes to continue the excavation of the cemetery as his principal task. Believe meYours sincerely(Signed) F. S. KENYON [sic]:
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COPYUrIraqFeburary 6, 1927Dear Mr. Harrison,I was greatly shocked to recieve from the British Museum a cable announcing the death of Dr. Gordon. I at once sent to the University Museum a cable expressing officially the regret of the Staff of this Expedition, but I must also write to express my personal feelings.I have of course known Dr. Gordon for many years and we were always good friends. Since I have been in charge of this Joint Expedition I have reaped the benefit of that friendship. When one is working at a distance from one's Director and seldom has a chance to see him, there is always a risk of misunderstandings and friction: but Dr. Gordon was so generous in his confidence and so patient of another's point of view even when it might appear opposed to his own that this Expedition, which to me seems all-important, is but a minor issue in the total of Dr. Gordon's work for the University Museum, but for that very reason, lest it should be overlooed, I wish to express to the Board my gratitude for his direction of it and my regret that he has not seen concluded what he initiated and so tactfully controlled. Believe me, dear Mr. Harrison,Yours very sincerely,(Signed) C. Leonard Woolley:
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correspondents in Baghdad. No doubt the third party to our excavations, the Administration of Antiquities in Baghdad, had its difficulties also, and is anxious to assure the Government and people of Iraq that they have got their full share of the proceeds. In point of fact, I think Miss bell treated us quite fairly. She was bound to claim the most striking object (the milking frieze) for Baghdad; but she compensated us by leaving to us considerably more than our half share of the other important objects. notably the other friezes and the copper bulls. This is quite in accordance with the original understanding, and it is only on these terms that we can expect to be allowed to work.I fully recognise the advantage that we have in being able to exhibit all the objects found, but see no way of redressing it. You have, of course, all the photographs, and they reach many more people than the exhibition does, especially as the exhibition has to be held at a time of year when most of the residents in London, and the people who take the most intelligent interest in the work, are away. I suspect nearly as many Americans see it as English! However, I admit the advantage, and take it into account.As to the coming season, it is for you to say what you are able and willing to contribute. It is of course quite legitimate for you, as the result of two years' experience, to propose a revision of the terms originally arranged. It was your own suggestion that you should provide the larger share of the money, in consideration of the fact that:
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Cost of expedition 1924-5Woolley's expenditure 3953. 1. 6 [check mark]Legrain's salary 397. 10. 0 [check mark] \" travelling expenses 162. 0. 0 [check mark] --------------Total 4512. 11. 6 [?OK.?] --------------Contributed by PhiladelphiaBalance from 1923-4 160. 0. 3 XDrafts 1646. 10. 0Legrain's salary 397. 10. 0 \" travelling 162. 0. 0 -------------- 2366. 0. 3 [?0K.?]Contributed by British Museum 2146. 11. 3 ? ---------------- 4512. 11. 6 ----------------In addition, the following sums seem to be due from you to us for work done here (casts and transport). The casts for Bagdad were part of the terms on which we were allowed to keep certain originals, and the cost is therefore divided between the two institutions.The other item is for casts which we made for you at your request.Half cost of casts for Bagdad 15. 19. 3Cost of casts for Philadelphia 28. 3. 5 ------------ 44. 2. 8Less half interest accrued 16. 14. 11 ------------Balance due to British Museum 27. 7. 9 ------------Our total collection for the year amounted to £2185.15.10, against which has to be set our share of the expedition, £2146.11.3, and half the cost of casts for Bagdad, [pound sterling symbol]15.19.3, total £2162.10.6,/leavingWoolley reports payments made by Br. Mus. to Bank £2488.16.0 add to this Bal. from former season £130.0.1[?Iraq subs.?] £250.4.10 + [?deduct?] payments £60.1.11total2929.2.10difference between W. + K.£782.1[?].7 [?or deductions Iraq sub.?] + bal.£250.4.10 --------- 532.6.9 130.0.1 --------- 402.6.8:
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Couch- Bed
Square stool
Round Tables:
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Couch. hand model_d- Stamped relief.
4 feet-
Hatching pattern with central cross-
Within borderline- Rug- or canebottom:
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country, and to certain other leading libraries at home and abroad; perhaps some 50 or 60 in all.In view of this fact, shall you revise your decision with regard to the distribution of copies in America? The Tell el-Obeid volume will be ready for printing off by the time I receive the title-page back from you.Yours sincerely[signature] F. G. Kenyon:
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Cow - drab.
Legs fragment_y
Tail, ears, mouth chip_d :
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Cow's head.
Statuette. Fr_t:
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cp. miniature vase:
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cp. U.6340, 6940
TC Relief:
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CUNARD LINETHROUGH BILL OF LADING LONDON via SOUTHAMPTONTWO (2) packages of merchandise on the ship Aquitania bound from Southampton to New York and forwarded to Philadelphia to the The Secretary, Museum of the University of Penn. Philadelphia.12th March 1929/Leading Marks B MDistinctive Numbers 24 252 boxes antiquities over 100 years oldCharges advanced 16 16 9As agreed. 30 - -:
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D. Travelling Expenses.C. L. Woolley, Bath to Baghdad, boat, train & expenses, customs dues, etc., 108 16 7C. J. Gadd, preliminary expenses 23 18 0\" London to Baghdad, boat, trains & expenses, 111 3 1Whole staff, expenses at Baghdad and to Ur, 17 15 0Three native foremen, expenses from Jerablue to Baghdad and necessary kit, 26 70 10288 0 6E. Salaries.C. L. Wooley, July 1. to October 31. 200 0 0 £ s dTOTALS. Section A 37 2 3 \" B 102 3 4 \" C 122 1 8 \" D 288 0 6 \" E 200 0 0TOTAL £ 749 7 9:
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Dark shale mould fov sirrush Back of mould shap_d like restangl stamp. seal. :
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deal with the early period: then comes the IIInd[Roman numerals in script; I used capital I] dynasty with the Ziggurat.Sincerely yoursC. Leonard Woolley [with flourish]:
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Dec. 15th 1926.My dear Gordon,I forward Woolley's first report. I propose to release it for publication here on Jan. 4th.Best wishes for Christmas and the new year.Yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon:
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DEC. 5, 1932LONDON UNIVERSITY MUSEUM PHILADELPHIAPLEASE TRANSFER TO BROWN SHIPLEY DOLLARS 15,000 PUBLICATION FUNDWOOLEY:
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Dec. 5. 1924.To the Director,Sir,I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statements of the accounts of your Expedition for November, which I had not the time to complete by the date of last week's mail.Making due allowances for travelling and for the necessary expenses at the close of the season, I should, if I work at the present scale, have sufficient funds for a further two months only. I very much regret this, since the shortness of the digging season is, as I pointed out in the summer, most uneconomical for the disproportion it involves between the overhead costs and the amount actuall expended on excavation: but I am unable to prevent it. If bad weather should interrupt work, or if the conditions should require the employment of a smaller gang than we have at present, the season of course be rather longer; but the amount of digging done would be lessened rather than increased.Trusting that you may be satisfied with my report,I am, sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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Dec. 6. 1923.To the Director of the University Museum, Philadelphia.Sir,I enclose herewith the accounts of your Expedition for the month of November 1923.Trusting that these will meet with your approval, I have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,Leonard WoolleyDirectorJoint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museumof the University of Philadelphia to Mesopotamia:
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December 13, 1927My dear Mr. Woolley:Yesterday we cabled to the Eastern Bank, Ltd., London for your account the sum of £998-11-1, being the balance due on our share of this year's appropriation for the work of our Mesopotamian Expedition. Our first instalment forwarded to the Eastern Back, Ltd. on October 4 amounted to £1250. There stood to our credit from last season the sum of £251-9-11; our total indebtedness to the Expedition this year amounted, therefor, to £2248-11-1 which is covered by our two remittances to the bank.Sir Frederic Kenyon forwarded to us the confidential note on your interesting find. We are eagerly awaiting the final report with photographs which should, I suppose, be due any day now.Our Managers have been much pleased with the AL 'UBAID volume. It is well gotten up and is very creditable indeed to those who labored to get it out.Dr. Harrison grows gradually worse. There is no hope of his recovery.I hope that the good luck which came to you in the early days of the dig has continued and that you and the member of your staff are enjoying good health. A very happy Christmas to you all.Very sincerely yoursC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.:
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December 14, 1925Dear Kenyon:Referring to my letter of December 7, I have now received nine copies of the reprint from the ANTIQUARIES JOURNAL for October 1925, contain-ing Woolley's report on the excavations at Ur 1924 - 1925. These copies will, I believe, answer our needs. Apparently they were being sent at the time I wrote you.Thirteen cases containing the Ur collections have been duly received at the Museum in good condi-tion, but have not yet been opened. We are now on the verge of the rough weather and I am inclined to postpone the Exhibition until the worst weather is over because I want to make the most of the Exhibi-tion, and assure its success. I shall keep you posted as to what we are doing.I have just had a brief note from Legrain announcing his safe arrival at Ur. Apparently they had no difficulty in passing through Syria by way of Palmyra.With best regards,Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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December 14, 1926Dear Mr. Woolley:This is just a line to let you know that on December 8th we cabled to the Eastern Bank, Ltd., London, for your account the sum of twelve hundred and fifty pounds, being the balance due [?byithis?] Museum of its share of the appropriation towards the work of the Mesopotamian Expedition for the present season.With best regards, I remainVery sincerely yoursAsst. TreasurerMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYField DirectorJoint Expedition of theBritish Museum and the Museumof the University of PennsylvaniaUr, Irak:
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December 15, 1932.The Librarian of the Department of Antiquities,The British Museum,London, W. C. 1.Dear Sir:-I am in receipt of your letter of November 24th. in which you say that you have received no number of the Museum Journal subsequent to Volume XXIII, #1.The reason for this is due to a change of our former policy. In- asmuch as we are now issuing small editions of the Journal, we have decided to send only such number as are of interest to the particular departments receiving them. Volume XXIII, #1 dealt with the primitive tribes of Matto Grosso, Brazil. We therefore sent a copy to the Depart- ment of Ethnography of the British Museum and to the Library of the Brit- ish Museum, but not to the Department of Antiquities.In the future, therefore, only such numbers of the Museum Journal as deal with subjects allied to your department will be sent you. We re- gret having to pursue this course, but the times necessitate our cutting down our editions considerably.Very truly yours,:
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December 15, 1933.Dear Mr. Woolley;This will answer your letters of November 22nd and December 6th. Regarding the incrusted ostrich shell, it has been located here and I am writing Dr. Jordan that we are sending it to Baghdad. I am very sorry you have been troubled.Regarding the equipment and furnishings that will remain at the end of the season, we will have no use for any of them, and I would suggest that they all be sold (to the to the profit of the Joint Expedition.With best wishes for the Christmas season.Sincerely yours,Horace H. F. Jayne.Mr. C. Leonard Woolley.%Joint Expedition British and University Museums, Ur, Iraq.[handwritten] E. B. G.:
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December 18, 1922Mr. C. Leonard Woolleyc/o Eastern Bank, Ltd.Basra, IrakDear Mr. Woolley:We have received your reports of November 2nd and November 16th together with your covering letter of November 18th. It is gratifying to hear about your initial success in digging and while we regret the circumstances that made possible the robbery of your camp we understand that we will have to be prepared for occasional accidents of that kind. I am sorry that we have been unable to find any one here that I would trust to send to join your Expedition and I have not yet heard from Kenyon whether he has been successful or not.Mr. Hunter's case has turned out to be a tragedy; it is a very sad and distressing situation for his family. His brother went to London and brought him home and he has since been in an institution where he remains in much the same condition. The doctors appear to ascribe his condition as the result of carrying too many studies last winter in an effort to take his degree at the University.I shall be on the lookout for a suitable man in case one should be needed from here later on in the work.With my best regardsVery sincerely yoursDirector:
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December 19, 1927Dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:I have received your letter of December 5 together with Mr. Woolley's report on his great find.Unfortunately, your letter did not reach us until the morning of the sixteenth, the date on which you released your report for publication. Apparently, the LONDON TIMES cabled to the NEW YORK TIMES the report which Mr. Woolley prepared for it and that appeared on the morning of the sixteenth. As a consequence, the other papers gave little or no space to this interesting news. The Berengaria, which carried your letter, was held outside the Bay of New York on account of a dense fog so that the mail was one day late getting into New York, and with the Christmas rush, it took two days to bring your letter from New York to Philadelphia. It is a circumstance which no one could have foreseen and we shall have to wait until the next report comes in before we can get proper publicity for this interesting find.Very sincerely yours[no signature]SIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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December 2, 1925Dear Kenyon:I have been going carefully over the package of photographs that I received from the British Museum on behalf of the Joint Expedition to Ur. I find myself somewhat embarassed in the use of the photographs for lack of information. Some of the photographs have numbers written on the back, some have labels in Mr. Woolley's handwriting, without number, others have both numbers and labels, and still others have neither. No list was received with the photographs. I am enclosing a list herewith of the numbers and labels in the hope that you will ask Dr. Hall or someone to complete the list by filling out the gaps or, still better, send me a copy of the catalogue of photographs which I suppose would give a larger amount of information. Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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December 2, 1927My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:Thank you for your letter of November 18 enclosing a copy of the report which Mr. Woolley has sent for publication in the TIMES. We also received from Mr. Woolley a cable message imparting the news of the discovery of the tomb of the prince and are anxiously awaiting fuller details on this interesting find.It seems to us best that the division of the objects from last year's expedition should be postponed until those of the present season come to your Museum and have been exhibited by you. One of us will, no doubt, be in London during the late summer and we can then make the division as we have done heretofore.We are glad to hear that the volume of texts has gone to the printer. Some of the Babylonian scholars in this country are anxiously awaiting its appearance.I am sorry to say that Dr. Harrison's condition is gradually getting worse and I do not believe that there is any chance of his recovery. The doctors make good reports of his physical condition but give his family little encouragement about the mental condition.Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British Museum:
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December 20, 1924WOOLLEYEASTERN BANK BASRA IRAQWHERE IS FITZGERALD WOULD HE BE AVAILABLE AND COMPETENT TAKE CHARGE ANOTHER EXPEDITION IF WANTED CONFIDENTIALGORDONPaid - Charge University Museum [handwritten text]:
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December 23, 1932C. Leonard Woolley, Esq. â
Joint Expedition to Ur of the Chaldees Ur, IraqMy dear Woolley:âI have to acknowledge two letters of yours written from London: the first enclosing proof of Miss Baker's first plate. I think it's splendid, with one exception: I don't care for the blue line all about the edge, which to my mind is out of date, just as is the fine black rule around an ordinary black and white halftone. I could wish this might be eliminated (which mechanically would be quite easy) for it, to me, smacks of Pear's Annual. The blue vertical lines at the top separating the halves of the plate are necessary, no doubt, but those about the edge trouble me. If it's too late to do anything about it, please forget this perhaps rather trivial criticism. The fidelity of the reproduction is extraordinarily fine and I predict that the colour plates will be widely commented upon for their accuracy. So much for your first letter.[Note: there is a vertical line hand-drawn in the left margin of the entire next paragraph.]We received your cable in regard to the deposit. It was impossible to follow your instructions immediately, though we should have gained a few cents per pound on the exchange. I should have told you that the Carnegie's second payment was not to be made until, or after, January 1st. Wherefore, in view of our earlier payments to you and to your account to Miss Baker, of the first $10,000, there was only $6077.19[note: this amount is hand-written in the letter] left. I laid your request before the Board at the December meeting to get their authority to act upon it when sufficient funds were in hand. Their feeling was that to remit the full $15,000 was not advisable: the belief being (which I do not share) that the pound might fall even lower than $3.17 and hence it would be wise to wait, sending to your account only $5,000 at the present time, and to remit the rest as you actually need it. I hope this will not inconvenience you. My Board is enormously cautious about diminishing the Museum's cash balances without a full understanding why it is necessary.We hadn't heard that Mrs. Woolley had been inflicted with typhoid. I hope her illness was not too severe; it was at least certainly concerning for you. She is very courageous to embark on the journey to Iraq. Apparently the early autumn in Iraq has been beset with sandstorms, but I trust these are over. Your staff sounds excellent. You realize, of course, that for epigraphic problems the egregious Dr. Gordon at Billah is still available.[stray period in text]upon call. They also have a Dr. Peipkoon who has less experience but would perhaps do in an emergency.I shall speak to Kidder on the matter of the price:
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December 24, 1924Dear Kenyon:Woolley's reports dated November 16th and November 30th have been received. You will have received identical reports. In a personal letter to me enclosed with the earlier report, Mr. Woolley speaks of a hoard of statues having been found during the summer by natives at Tello and prourposes acquiring them if possible on behalf of the two Museums in case they should be interested.Although I know nothing of these statues I immediately wired Woolley that we were interested and advised him to follow up the matter and report. I do not know to what extent you would be interested in Sumerian statuesfigures, but I presume that they would not fail to appeal to you as much as they would to us. Whatever success Mr. Woolley may have in finding and exporting these statues we will be prepared to share all expenses with you and to divide the statues if there should be more than one. If there should be only one we will have to come to some agreement in connection with the general division of the year's finds.Are you yet in a position to say what amount you will be able to contribute towards the Ur Expedition this year and whether you will be able to find the [attempt at pound symbol]2.125. which represents one half of Woolley's Eestimate?I would like to be remembered most kindly to Lady Kenyon and to your two daughters and with my Christmas and New Year's greetings to you all, I remainVery sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYON, DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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December 26, 1924My dear Woolley:We received a few days apart your reportsofof November 16th and of the 30th. Upon receivingthe former I wired at once as follows. INTERESTED IN STATUES. ADVISE FOLLOW UP IMMEDIATELY AND REPORT.This refers to the contents of your personal letterto me. I now confirm this despatch and state furtherthat the Museum hopes that you will have luck in tracingthese statues. Possibly you may find that they have al-ready left the country. I have just read in a paperthat the British Museum recently acquired a Sumerianstatuette complete.Today there arrivesd a package addressed to youat Ur, apparently sent here by mistake. I am returning it to you herewith. I am sending this by air mail reg-istered and I hope that it will reach you more quickly.I will write you soon again. For the present I wish tocatch the outgoing mail by the first steamer.Yesterday was Christmas which was celebrated hereafter the fashion of cities. I trust that you and Dr.Legrain found sufficient means to have your own celebrationin camp which I would have enjoyed too if I has been with you.With best regards to yourself and Dr. Legrain,I remainVery sincerely yours DirectorP. S. I commend the clerk in the High Commis-sioner's Office for the admirable precautions which hetook to prevent the enclosed package from going astray.:
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December 26, 1930Dear Mr. Woolley:I wish to acknowledge your letter of November 26th and your letter of December 1st embodying your November Report. I have read these with the greatest possible interest and congratulate you on the importance of your new discoveries and on the progress of the work in general. The photographs of the freshly uncovered tombs illustrate admirably the importance of these building, and we look forward with interest to your later reports.Please extend to your staff best wishes for the New Year from the Museum Staff and accept my thanks for your Christmas card which by admirable calculation on your part arrived on Christmas Eve.Yours sincerelyHorace H. F. Jayne DIRECTORC.Leonard Woolley, Esq.c/o Joint Expedition-British and University MuseumsUr, Iraq:
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December 28, 1929My dear Mr. Woolley:I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of December 1st incorporating the report of the work of the Joint Expedition for November. It is, of course, full of interest to all of us and of promise for the balance of the season's work. I wish especially to stress the fact that scientific results and not material objects are our primary concern and, while naturally we welcome additions to our collections as splendid as those which you have brought to light is past seasons, -- we would be more than human did we not -- you may be assured that your scientific discoveries will always be appreciated.I want also to thank you for the kindness and hospitality you extended to Mintier when he visited Ur. He has written with enthusiasm of his visit, and very obviously he learned many things that will be helpful to him end to the conduct of the excavations at Opis. It was particularly good of you to be so kind to him in the midst of your work.Please believe meYours sincerelyHorace H. F. Jayne, DirectorMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEY, c/o Eastern Bank, Basra, Iraq:
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December 29, 1925Dear Doctor Legrain:Your letters of November 15 and November 29 have just been received and I want to thank you for them both. It is a considerable relief for us to learn that you got through safely since the newspaper reports were rather uncertain.Immediately after you left Philadelphia, I received a letter from the Editor of the ATLANTIC MONTHLY in which he expressed disappointment that he had not received an article from you before you left Philadelphia. It seems that he had been counting on it at that time and had arranged already for its appearance in a certain number and they are in the habit of printing several months in advance.I felt that I ought to do what I could to help matters out and to satisfy the Editor. I, therefore, prepared an article rather hastily, doing the best I could. I have no doubt that the article will be found to contain many mistakes but I trust that they will be overlooked.Your article from Rome eventually reached me and my only regret is that it came too late.I am glad that you like the prospect of the victrola and I hope that it may not be too much delayed in reaching you. I hoped that it would come to hand before Christmas but I am afraid that in this respect there is occasion for disappointment as I have not yet had the cable from Woolley announcing its arrival.Dr. Chiera called at the Museum shortly after you left with a request that did not very much appeal to me, about tablets in the Museum. I have not seen him since. Dr. Chiera appears to have received about a thousand tablets from his excavations at Kirkuk which he is now engaged in translating in the University Library.Dr. Chiera has told me that he could get any:
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December 29, 1925Dear Woolley:I have your letter of November 30 for which I thank you and I have to acknowledge also your report for November 1925 together with the interesting photographs that accompany it. I have read this report with much interest and I think that you are going to be congratulated on your discoveries of the first month. I trust that Baghdad will be liberal in allowing you a good share of the year's finds.I cabled you on December 16 as follows:BOX SHIPPED LONDON STEAMER NIGARISTAN CONSIGNED MESOPOTAMIA CORPORATION BASRASince then I have heard nothing about this shipment. I am afraid that it has not yet reached you yet as I was expecting a cable from you to announce its arrival. However, I suppose it will come through in the course of time.The Museum has some stuff at Hilleh for which we have been paying rent. I would be very much obliged if you would proceed to Hilleh and throw this stuff away or claim any of it that may be at all useful. You can then close up the account with the person whose house is rented. Perhaps you will be good enough to see the American Consul and straighten the whole matter out for our account. With all good wishes for the season and hoping that you may have a happy and encouraging new year, I remainVery sincerely yours DirectorMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYP.S. I wish also to acknowledge your letter of November 19 with accounts.:
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December 29, 1930Dear Sir Frederic:I wish to acknowledge your letter of December 12th enclosing Mr. Woolley's release relative to his latest discoveries. We shall not hand this to the representatives of the press until December 30th.With every best wish for the coming year, I amYours sincerelyHoraco H. F. JayneDIRECTORSir Frederic Kenyon, DirectorBritish MuseumLondon, W.C.1England:
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December 29, 1930My dear Sir Frederic:We were somewhat disturbed by the fact that an announcement through the Associated Press appeared today in the papers here regarding Woolley's latest discoveries of the Third Dynasty Tombs. We were holding the story, according to the instructions in your last letter, for release on December 30th. I felt you would wish to hear of this in case there was some \"escape\" which you might wish in your own interest, to check. Such pre-releases are somewhat embarrassing for us, because, if the Associated Press receives the story first, the other Press Services and individual papers assume we are giving them preferential treatment and become inimical towards us in regard to future releases. We are, of course, press-ridden but since this apparently plays so large a part in our existence, we must keep a weather-eye out for such things.With best wishes to you for the New Year, please believe meYours sincerely Horace H. F. JayneDIRECTOR:
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December 3, 1926Dear Mr. Woolley:I want to thank you for your letter of October 6 with reference to the accounts of the Expedition for the season 1925-26. As you say, you are not responsible for the money paid in by the two Museums, that must be a matter of adjustment between themselves.It would appear that the differences in your statements and our books were due mainly to some confusion in the crediting of remittances by the different Museums and from lack of information on your part as to direct payments made by the Museum. This, I think, need not occur again so far as this Museum is concerned for we can send you accurate statements of reach remittance made to the Bank and also to any person who may receive payments direct from us which may be chargeable to the Expedition Account.We shall try to straighten out with the British Museum the difference in the balance carried over from the year 1924-25. As I wrote you before, the figure given on your report was £855.19.7. This same figure appeared on a statement sent to us by the Director of the British Museum on February 5, 1926. I am sure that the Accountant at the British Museum will let us know his reasons for changing this figure to £755.19.7Upon checking up the item of expenses for November, 1925, we find it agrees with the corrected figures given in your statement. I can now see how you arrive at the sums handed Dr. Legrain; the difference in the figures is due mainly to the fluctuation in the exchange between the time that our calculations were made and the time of payment.:
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December 30, 1932Mr. George [?F.?] Hill, Director British Museum London, EnglandDear Mr. Hill:âI am enclosing a draft for [British pound sign]1500 being the Museum's share of the expenses of the 1932-33 season of the Joint Expedition to Ur. We feel that it is better to have the funds pass through your hands and have you turn them over to Mr. Woolley as he requires. I trust this will prove no inconvenience to you.With every best wish to you for the coming year, please believe meYours sincerely, Horace H. F. JayneDIRECTOR.:
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December 4, 1923Dear Kenyon:The packages containing our share of the collection from Ur have arrived in the custom house in Philadelphia. In the case of all such shipments to this country it is necessary for the shipper to send a consular invoice and certificate of antiquity signed by the American Consul according to a regular form which is provided. I will be very much obliged to you if you will arrange to have one of your people secure these papers from the American Consul and forward them to me at your convenience so that we may have the collection cleared from the custom house.With my best regardsVery sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe Britich MuseumLondon, England:
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December 4, 1930Dear Mr. Woolley:I wish to acknowledge your letter of November 9th and the accompanying statement of accounts which is entirely satisfactory. I am sorry that you should have had so difficult and irksome a trip on the way out. It is apparently becoming increasingly difficult to get to Iraq with comfort and dispatch.It is good news that the work on the publication of the cemetery is nearing completion. We shall await with interest the first report of your season's work.Meanwhile, with my kind regards to your staff, please believe meYours sincerelyHorace H. F. JayneDIRECTORC. Leonard Woolley, Esq.Ur, Iraq:
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December 7, 1925Dear Kenyon:In a letter that I received from Mr. Woolley dated on September 30, he mentions that his report for the season 1924-25 at Ur was being published in the JOURNAL of the Society of Anti-quarians.The two earlier reports by Mr. Woolley published in the same place were sent to us as separates. I think two dozen copies were received by us in each instance.Of the report for 1924-25, I have heard nothing and have not seen a copy of the JOURNAL. I have been won-dering whether the report has been printed and whether we might receive either some copies of the JOURNAL or separates.Very sincerely yours DirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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December 7, 1925Dear Kenyon:The first shipment of seven cases of antiquities from Ur was de-livered at the Museum on the second of this month. Papers covering the second shipment of six cases have now arrived and the cases themselves are reported as having arrived in Phila-delphia on the LONDON MARINER. I still hope to have everything in hand in time for an exhibition but I am afraid that I shall be greatly hampered and em-barrassed by lack of information as I have not received any lists.Very truly yours DirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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December 8, 1926KENYONBRITISH MUSEUM LONDONTWELVE HUNDRED FIFTY POUNDS CABLED EASTERN BANKLONDON ACCOUNT WOOLLEYGORDONPAID CHARGE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM:
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December 8, 1927My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:I have just received your letter of November 9 enclosing one from Mr. Woolley addressed to our Board of Managers. It is indeed very exciting news that he sends us and we are awaiting his final report with interest.Would it be possible for you to send us a photograph of the gaming board which I have seen illustrated in some of the London papers? We do not appear to have this in our file of photographs. There is one other object of which I think it might be possible for us to have a better photograph and that is the gold dagger. That which is in our file is rather faint and I have no doubt that a clearer print could be made from the object or the reproduction which I believe has been made at your Museum.In your letter of August 6 addressed to Dr. Harrison, you speak of having taken in hand the preparation of electrotypes of the gold dagger, the toilet set and the diadem. I hope that you will let us have reproductions of these objects when they shall have been made.I find that I have not acknowledged your letter of October 31 with reference to Mr. Woolley's accounts. With the correction which you make in this letter in reference to the honorarium to Mrs. Woolley, our figures are now in accord. Within a day or two we will cable to the Eastern Bank, Ltd., London, the sum of £998-11-1 which is the balance due on our share of the appropriation for the current year.Please let us know our indebtedness to you for the casts of the stela, the ram throne-support and the head of the goddess, which have:
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December 9th, 1932Dear Dr. Legrain:-I took the liberty of opening Dr. Dimand's letter to you because it was addressed to you as Curator. While we might have referred Dimand to Budge and King's \"Annals\" it may be that there are variants in the Wimborne (now Rockefellar) sculptures so it is well for the Metropolitan to have the word of so great an authority as yourself. (Blarney, says you)The opening of the African Section came off yesterday and was a great success, five hundred turned out to feat their eyes on the productions of Mr. Hall's children. Mr. Hall has been kind enough to say that aesthetically the show is a success. He adds, ad we agree, the scientifically it had its weaks points, but we are happy to have done at least one thing well. We are looking forward most eagerly to your return. The Halls sail on the 23rd and I think are hoping to see you.All are well here - contented and happy in spite of our dire poverty.We hear that you are planning to spend Christmas with your family. That, I know, will be a great pleasure to you and to them. A most joyous Christmas to you and to them.Affectionately,  Dr. L. Legrain 88 Boulevard Cotte Enghien - les Bains S. & 0., France:
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December the sixth, 1923.C O P Y.Dear Sir Frederic,I beg to enclose herewith sight draft of Messrs. Brown Brothers and Company of Philadelphia upon Messrs. Brown, Shipley and Company of London, in the sum of 1405 poinds sterling. This draft is drawn to the order of the Eastern Bank, Ltd., of London, England, and I request you to deposit it to the credit of the Mesopotamian Expedition Fund. It is in full of the second and final payment of the agreed upon sum promised by The University Museum towards the second season's work of 1923-1924 at Ur of the Chaldees. Will you kindly so acknowledge its receipt, and at the proper time will you also let me know formally of the payment of the share of the British Museum to the same Fund so that the records of both Institutions may be complete.Faithfully yours,(signed) CHAS. C. HARRISONPresident.Sir Frederic G. Kenyon,British Museum,London, England.:
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Delivery of the Al'Ubaid volume (apart from advance copies) has not been made by the Oxford Press, but I assume your copies will be despatched before long.I am sorry you are having difficulty in finding a new Director.Yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon:
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Demon (Bes?) on horned dragon
with scorpion tail, bulls body.
Mask w. the grin of Humababa, showing teeth. beard-Hair low over eyebrows. Pot bellied. Large male organ. Elbows on knees (seated) crooked feet.
Dragon has hump over shoulders Horned crown. Lions paw.:
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Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities British Museum London: W.C.L July 25th. 1946. Dear Legrain, The trustees of this Museum have now approved \"that the standing text of Dr. Legrain's volume of the Business documents of of Ur be printed off as soon as it is ready for press\" This text comprises, as you know, the indexes(pp. 1-57) and the vocabulary( pp. 58-192) which were completed in proof before the war and have been standing in type ever since. We propose therefore to instruct the printers to proceed, but before doing so I should like to have your concurrence on any comment that you wish to make. The catalogue is still outstanding, and we advise to complete this and anything else which is to go.:
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DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES, BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON: W.C.1. 4 July 1931[drawing (crest of NATIONAL SCHEME FOR DISABLED MEN)]Dear Sir,Of your \"Museum Journal\" which you have in the past kindly sent us we have received Vol.XXI, (1930) 3/4 (Excavations ), and would be glad if you would also send 1/2 of the same volume so that there is no gap in our set.Thanking you in anticipation, Yours faithfully H.C. Gregory (Librarian, Dept. of E.& A.Antiquities)21 182 sent 7.15[undecipherable] The Secretary University Museum, Philadelphia:
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DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.Nov. 6th, 1935Dear Legrain,Many thanks for your articles in RA: I should very much like to know what bricks ukurum[?check spelling; word is underlined] and zakinu[?check spelling; word is underlined] are--they have turned up before.Did you get my enquiry about your IIIrd.Dyn. Texts publication? I should be glad to hear.Yours very truly, C.J.Gadd [name underlined]:
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DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.October 17th, 1936Dear LegrainGadd has passed your letter of October 8th to me as the MS. had already been placed in the Printer's hands. The firm required six months to produce the work - not unreasonable; and it is on our side urgently necessary that the book be paid for not later than March 1937, or we shall lose valuable money.Nevertheless your call for the MS. must be obeyed and I am sending it at once by the most suitable means [(Insured Parcel Post) handwritten above a bracket] we can find. Will you please return as soon as possible? Every day will make a difference to the possibilities of the situation.You will find the draft title page included, which I should like to know:
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DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.September 7th, 1933.The DirectorThe University of Pennsylvania MuseumPhiladelphiaDear Dr. Jayne,Three boxes [inserted text reads marked BM 9/33, 1,2,3] are being despatched to you by our forwarding agents, Mssrs. Stahlschmidt's, containing:- (1) the antiquities from the season's excavations at Ur allotted to your Museum, (2) tablets from previous seasons set aside for study by Dr. Legrain, (3) type-written catalogue of antiquities found during the season 1932-3, (4) type-written list of photographs taken during that season. I enclose [word a crossed out] detailed type-written lists (1) of the antiquities allotted to your Museum, (2) of the tablets sent for study by Dr.:
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DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.[SEAL FOR NATIONAL SCHEME FOR DISABLED MEN ON LEFT]January 8th, 1931The DirectorUniversity Museum of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaDear Dr. Jayne,I send you herewith a rather belated list of the contents of the boxes containing objects from Ur allotted to your Museum in the division of 1931. I should be much obliged if you will inform me in due course that this list is correct.Allow me to send you seasonable good wishes, and please wish Mrs. Jayne on behalf of my wife and myself all health and happiness in the New Year.Yours sincerelySidney Smith.:
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DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1April 12th., 1937.Dear Legrain,I hope that by now you have seen the specimen copies of the volume of plates which should have been sent to you last month, and that you think well of it.It is essential that we should have your MS. of the text volume as early as possible, certainly not later than the end of May or beginning of June. You must see the proofs and we shall never get the printing done satisfactorily at this end if the work has to be rushed. If you cannot let me have the whole MS., then let me have as much as you can, as soon as you can.I hope all goes well with you and that we shall see you later in the year.Yours sincerely,Sidney Smith.:
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DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1December 23d, 1936Dear LegrainVery many thanks for your letter of Dec. 12th. All seems well and I have handed the date list to Gadd. The printers are [?hurrying?] on the work.All good wishes for the New Year.Yours SincerelySidney Smith:
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DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1December 3rd., 1936.Dear LegrainI have only this morning received your two packets containing the plates, together with your letter of Nov. 21st posted over a week later. I have placed the two new copies of nos. 1 and 2 in position on the plate.About the list of U nos. of which you sent a typescript, Gadd agrees with me that this belongs in the text volume. Moreover it does not in its present form fulfil[sic] the requirements of the publication. There must appear in this list a column giving the place where found [where found underlined in red], and one giving the place in the text where it is dealt with [from the text through dealt with underlined in red], if it is dealt with. But these points can stand over till next year.As to the list of year dates, that too surely belongs to the text volume. I don't know from your letters whether this list is in cuneiform copies or transcription; but one:
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DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1May 9th, 1927.Dear Legrain,--I think I must owe it to your kindness that the three very handsome volumes \"Royal Inscriptions\" and \"Babylonian Culture\" have been sent to me. Thank you very much indeed; and with my thanks, very hearty congratulations. I am very much obliged to you. I hope your good work at Philadelphia prospers, and that you have found yet more treasures for us.Gadd has gone on vacation to Italy. He has been in very indifferent health for some time and I trust the holiday will do him good.The stars in the courses have combined: whether the particular [word crossed out that I can't read] conjuncture is favourable or unfavourable Time will tell. The English press has been not a little interested in the recent marriage of a famous living archaeologist only just returned from Mesopotamia, where he has discovered that men use lip-sticks.I am quite settled down myself now and hope that some day you will visit us. I do not doubt:
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DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1[SEAL FOR NATIONAL SCHEME FOR DISABLED MEN ON LEFT]November 3rd. 1931[date underlined]The Director,The University MuseumThe University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia[underlined]Dear Sir,I beg to inform you that the Cunard Steamship Company is to convey to you, by the \"Aquitania\" sailing from Southampton on November 5th, two cases of antiquities marked B.M.14/31 and 15/31, containing the objects from Ur allotted to the University Museum in the recent division of the finds from the season 1930-1931. A detailed list of these objects will be sent shortly.I am, Sir,Yours faithfully,C.J.Gadd[underlined]:
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DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,[SEAL FOR NATIONAL SCHEME FOR DISABLED MEN ON LEFT]LONDON: W.C.1.15-2-32The SecretaryThe University Museum,University of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaDear Miss [?Methyl?]With reference to your letter of February 5th 1932 to Mr. Gadd, I am referring this matter to the freight department of the Cunard Line and it will doubtless be set right with all speed.Yours[?squiggle, maybe stylized \"very\"?] sincerely,Sidney Smith.:
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DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASYRIAN ANTIQUITIES, BRITISH MUSEUM, London: W.C.1June 6th.1942Dear Dr Vaillant,I am extremely sorry that it has not been possible to send an earlier answer to your letter of March 19th., and to the generous offer which it conveyed.While the subject has not yet been considered by the Trustees of this Museum, I am yet authorized to say that they would doubtless accept your proposal to take over the existing materials for Vol III of the Ur Excavations: Texts, and to complete the publication in the form and by the means which you have indicated. The Director will therefore lay this proposition before the Trustees at their next meeting, on July 11th., and will let you know what they think about it, and what arrangements, financial and other, they may suggest.:
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DEPARTMENT OF STATEWASHINGTONIn reply refer toCo - 341.1115-Hunter, Paul R.H.October 11, 1922The University Museum,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Gentlemen:The Department encloses, for such action as you may deem appropriate, a copy of a dispatch which has been received from the American Consul in Charge at London, England, reporting that Mr. Paul R.H. Hunter, who is said to have been sent abroad by the University Museum of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to join an expedition to Mesopotamia in connection with the Trustees of the British Museum, was taken ill in London as the result of some mental condition and was sent temporarily to the Holborn Institution.A copy of the Consul's dispatch is likewise being sent to Mr. Robert Hunter, 438 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES, BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON, W.C.1.October 17th, 1931.Dr. H. F. Jayne,Director, University of Pennsylvania Museum,PhiladelphiaDear Dr. Jayne, The packing up of the objects allotted to your Museum has now been commenced, and I hope that the consignment may be despatched at the end of this months or beginning of November. If this is convenient to you, the objects will be despatched by Cunard as in previous years.Yours sincerelySidney Smith.:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM, London: W.C.2 Jan. 1928.Dear Miss McHugh, I hope you have receivedsafely the photographs you askedfor, of the Ur gaming-board, thegold dagger, etc. They were sentoff to you before Christmas. I un-derstand from Sir F. Kenyonthat no division of last year'sfinds is to take place yet. Mean-while, do you wish us to send youthe Sargonide moon-plaquewith the princess in relief,and the other object that goes with:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDONÂ : W.C.May 26th. 1927.Dear Legrain,To-day I have just arrived back at work from a very pleasant three weeks holiday in Italy, and find your letter awaiting me. It is good to hear that all that stuff has arrived safetly, and my only feeling now is one of regret that you have it all to wade through; I fear the spots of real interest are rather thinly scattered! However, by the time you have done with it there should not be any more labour beyond the plague of proof-reading, and a solid, if not exciting, work will have been done. The book on Tell-el-Obeid is now, I am told, in an advanced state, and should be out before long.:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C. 1.11-10-35Very many thanks for so kindly sending me your two articles on the Eado[??check spelling? followed by an illegible word] texts. Much obliged.Mary joins me in wishing you all good thingsâespecially health.Yours everSidney Smith:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C. I.June 28th. 1938.My dear Legrain,I have just received your manuscript, i.e.1. Catalogue2. Additions, corrections etc. to Index.This two days before I start on my holiday! So I fear there's no chance of my having read them when I see you, as I hope, at the end of July; but I shall have the dates, numbers, and word-index to talk plaguily about.:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.April 16th, 1936.Dear Legrain,Many thanks for your letter, with its information about the progress of your work on the IIIrd. Dynasty tablets from Ur. You seem to have gone far on the way to finishing it, and I am sure that you will produce a great deal of interesting evidence from a large collection like this, of one time and place.All that you describe of your method seems quite satisfactory, and I am glad to hear of the means you are using to avoid unnecessary repetition, which is costly and quite useless. Thus, dates can certainly be indicated quite summarily, as you propose, and there is no need to make spatial divisions between obverse and reverse in the copies. I cannot:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.December 3rd, 1937.Dear Legrain,Many thanks indeed for the full details about Langdon's work at Philadelphia which you have taken so much trouble to collect and put down. I am very greatly obliged; they will help me much in a task which I am finding by no means easy to perform appropriately.There is one matter about Ur which I wish to take this opportunity of mentioning. You may recollect that, when you were last here, the question arose whether there:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.March 31st., 1938.Dear LegrainThank you for your letter and the Ms. of the indices which arrived this morning, all in order. I am sorry it has not been possible to send the introduction as well, but that cannot be helped. I must proceed with this lot alone. Gadd read all your messages and will I hope:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.March 5th., 1938.My dear Legrain,I send you by separate packet a final proof of your index, ready to print off. This has been paid for. I hope it will satisfy you.I am relying on receiving the remainder of your MS. within a very short time now, otherwise my money arrangements will fall into disorder. Let me know when I can expect it.:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.November 13th, 1934.Dear Legrain,I send you herewith some suggested rules for transcription of texts in the series of Ur publications. Will you let me know if you have any criticisms? I don't say that they can always and everywhere be carried out with absolute rigidity, but generally I believe they could be applied with some saving of printers' trouble and expense, of difficulty in proof-reading,:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.October 14th, 1935.Dear Legrain,As we have now to consider the probable course of the publication of Ur texts in the nearer future, I wonder if you could tell me what is your present situation in regard to your projected volume of IIIrd.Dyn. material? Burrow's Archaic Texts are now well advanced in the press, and, as you are next on the list, it would be useful to know when further publication can be:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.September 9th, 1936Dear Legrain,I am sending you, in a separate package, the photostats of the 204 plates of your Third Dynasty tablets from Ur; I have been through them, and they are complete as they left my hands--I hope you will find them so. It is a great work, and I wonder that you have any eyesight left after it.All good wishes, Yours very truly,C.J. Gadd:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.I.December 19th. 1938.Dear Legrain,Last December, in answer to an enquiry of mine, you wrote that among the Ur tablets in Philadelphia you had found a number of Neo-Babylonian contracts[phrase underlined], \"about 150 tablets or fragments of tablets = a drawer full.\" As I think you know, we have Dr. Figulla here copying this material. As he is now drawing near the end of what we have here, we should like:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.I.July 4th., 1933Dear LegrainGadd is on holiday so I venture to answer your letter for him.Any time will suit me. There is very little to divide. I am hoping that we may be able to send Gadd to Constantinople during August-September. The matter of the Ur:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.I17-3-34.Dear LegrainVery many thanks for so kindly sending me an offprint[? not sure what preceding word is?] of your essay on the [?Laristan?] Bronzes. I recently met your Dr. E. Schmidt, who told me he was going to put that matter straight. When I remarked that it is:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDONÂ : W.C.April 27th. 1927.ansd May. 12.27 LL.Dear Legrain,I ought to have written before to thank you for the photographs of the restored stele, which must look very effective. But I waited, knowing that I should have to write in a few days to tell you that the manuscript, plates, photos., and all the paraphernalia of the book of texts was on its way. This was put into the post yesterday, and should reach you about the same time as this letter.You will find it is all much changed, for I have really put in a great deal of work upon it, and that, together with other occupations, must be my excuse for having been so much longer over it than I ever expected. The present contents are:-:
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DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIESBRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.November 13th, 1937My dear Legrain,Be not afraid, I am not writing about Ur or any of its works this time, though it is true that this letter, like most of them, is wanting to bother you about something; but its name is 'Zoar'[sic]!I have been asked to write for the British Academy, according to their custom, a full obituary of the late Langdon, and in order to [?rise?] to the mere length indicated I must try to:
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Dept of Egyptian & Assyrian Antiqq:Feb. 4, 1927Dear Sir,I beg to let you know that I am shortly dispatching to you the Philadelphia share of last season's antiquities from Ur, with the exception of the one or two objects the ultimate assignment of which depends upon the destination of the Stele of Ur-Nammu, at present undecided. The antiquities have been packed in eleven cases, each marked B.M. with a number, from 1 to 11 inclusive, and addressed to The Director,:
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descriptions of the tablets mostly begin with transliterations, and it is these which I proposed to omit, except for quotations of particular passages and phrases used to support an interpretation. Your descriptions, translations, and discussions of meanings are the essential part of your work, and it is these which I wish to print. Please let me hear as quickly as possible that all misunderstanding is removed, and forgive me if the mistake was mine.Yours sincerely, C. J. Gadd:
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details of the new law have been fixed. I should like to remark specially on the interest shewn by everyone in the work to be carried out by your Expedition and on the practical manner in which this interest was manifested by the willingness of all to give every kind of assistance. The King was very affable and keen on the work, and in Miss Bell we shall of course have a most sympathetic Director; The R.A.F. have agreed to make a special series of air photos of the site; Maj. J. M. Wilson, of the Dept. of Public Works, has volunteered to take photos and where possible measured drawings of antiquities encountered by the Survey parties. Altogether my visit to Bagdad, which was of course necessary in any case, turned out as useful as it was made pleasant by the kindness of the people whom I met.I reached Ur again on Nov. 2nd, and found that Mr. Newton had been over to Nasriyah, as arranged, to meet Maj. Yetts, the Political Officer there, and to obtain from him the necessary information about the local labour conditions; he had also received a visit from the chief Sheikh of the neighbourhood and had got the promise of workmen. He had already engaged a few men and had made trial trenches on the sites suggested for the house; as the first site at once produced walls of a building obviously important, he had selected the alternative site, which is against the outer wall of the ancient town, and had marked out the ground plan and had started digging the foundations.More men have now been engaged and the numbers of the gang will be steadily increased up to the limit of our requirements. Tomorrow I propose to move away from the vicinity of the railway station and to pitch tents on the mound itself, where we can live close to our work pending the completion of the Expedition house. My next report will deal with excavations proper.I am not for the moment in a position to submit accounts for the preliminary expenses of the Expedition, as several of the local accounts are not yet to hand and I have not yet received from the Accountant of the British Museum notification of the sums paid out directly by him on my behalf. In the very rough estimate which I drew up at the time of our meeting, certain items were overlooked or put at too low a figure, - notably those which form the permanent stock of the Expedition but the whole of whose cost comes in the present season, - but I hope that my total estimate will be found to be not very far out. This account I shall send in as soon as possible . My original estimate of running expenses will I think prove fairly accurate.On my arrival at Basra I found £500 already to my credit. As I had already had to advance certain sums, and outfit had to be bought, and a good credit was necessary for wages, I cabled for further funds, and am today informed by the Eastern Bank that an additional £1000 has been received.The health of the personel of the Expedition has been good throughout.Trusting that this first report may meet with your satisfaction,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,(signature) C. Leonard WoolleyDirector of the joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the University Museum, Philadelphia, to Mesopotamia.:
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did not send them with the rest, I concluded that you had thought it better to reserve them to be published with the documents on which they are inscribed. But now that they are in the \"Museum Journal\" there is no point in delaying the official version.If this is agreed, then, will you send me your copies and translations, etc., [inserted: i.e. of the date-formulae only - not the body of the documents, of course.] as in the case of the building-inscriptions. I have here one or two Isin formulae which can be extracted from the 1022-3 tablets, and one or two more pieces of the Larsa date-list, so that the additions will be of some importance.I am obliged to apologize again for the delay in finishing up the building texts; the work is almost complete now and I hope to send it along to you shortly; it has been held up continually by other work.All best wishes,Yours sincerely, C.J. Gadd:
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DIGGING UP HISTORYDigging up History is one of the newest sciences but is a very old pastime. There is an unquestioned fascination about discovering what our forebears used no matter how near or how distant in time they may have been. The science that has grown into being, based on this fascination is called archaeology. It is one of the most valuable supplements to history, for by digging up the past we can add to written records when such exists, or provide the only information we can ever have about people who made no records at all -- and of course these latter are by far the majority.Archaeology started out in the middle of the eighteenth century when an irrigation ditch down the slope of Vesuvius cut among the houses of Pompeii, and within a few years Pompeii and Herculaneum had both been eagerly looted. Napoleon's collections from the ruins of Egypt stimulated interest, Champollion discovered thekey to the hieroglyphs, and Layard made the Assyrians somewhat more than a Biblical myth. But the story that really made archaeology is the tale about the great German Schliemann, who as a small boy wanted to above all thingsexcavate the place whereTroy stood He When the great Trojan war was enacted. Schliemann went out into the world and made a fortune adequate for the his greatpurpose; then in his old age he picked out a likely-looking mound beside the Dardanelles which he thought might be Troy Wheather this site was really Homers Troy is not yet established, and started digging it. You were all brought up on the seven Troys Schleimann found piled up on top of each other. Schliemann's mound maynot have yet established been the real Troy and the argument still goes on, but his discoveries made every ancient history book out of date overnight. He went on the dig the shaft graves at Mycenae and the palace fortress of Tiryns. Before he got through archaeology wa on a popular footing; soon there were British Schools, French Schools, German Schools, Italian Schools and the University Museum, which was manfully pioneering, in the 80s too, by carrying the American flag into Babylonis. Of course there was lots of rivalry and the Germans accused the french of:
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Director and Principal Librarian of the British Museum.On the 11th. October 1922, a cheque for five pounds (£5) was drawn in favour of Hanwell Mental Hospital to be applied, in whole or in part, In(?) a special purpose.The institution has expended three pounds (£3) only, and I now enclose a cheque for the balance (£2) which (?indecipherable?) will be so good as to place to the credit of the amount of the funds provided by the Pennsylvania University Museum.Yours faithfullyC.P. Cooke[?][?accountant?]:
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Director of Antiquities -2- ;?/21/36With kind regards and very pleasant memories of your cordial receiption to Mrs Jayne and to me in Baghdad, please believe me Sincerely yours, horace H. F. Jayne DIRECTOR.:
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Director's ReportMay 19331. MinturnoProgress of work in Theatre area; cable adapted for reading; photos. Extracts from letter in re necropolis, etc. Land purchase problem J.J. book sent to press.2. Piedras NegrasExtracts from letters just rec'd: mention of Ball Court Stones, scientific discoveries, etc. Savings on Exchange Preliminary Papers (sample for show) $1,000 promised for 1934 season.3. Museum of Modern Art ExhibitionMuseum's loan represents above 30% of show- best positions, special cases Catalogue for exhibit to Board Provides lead for other exhibitions next year4. E. R. F. Johnson reception for members of Matto Grosso Expedition 1500 invited To bring wider attention a. Important results of Matto Grosso Expedition, both in field of the U.M. and the A. N. S.b. Needs for extension of this workPetrullo's Expedition- prospectsScaravella and larger idea- tentative appointment of Scaravella as Field Associate in Latin America.5. Southwestern Project-extract from Howard's letter.:
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Directory's Report, May 1933-2-6. De Laguna- just reached Alaska in conjunction with Dr. Birket-Smith no report to date.7. Billah Gawra Expedition Shipment of all collections for exhibit Bache reppointment for next year 1933-34 Expedition budgets held over until next meeting8. Gifts received: From Mr. Albert Rothbart, through Metropolitan Museum, predynastic objects from the Egyptian Detta, excavated by the Vienna Academy of Sciences at Merimdeh.9. Loans: American Philosophical society - collection of american archaeological objects show - placed on permanent depositMr. and Mrs. Hoffman Birney - 63 pieces Navajo Indian silverware showMrs. D.C. Murphy - 274 pieces Sind-Scythian bronzes - show10. Recommended Purchases: Han tile fragments from Edgar Gutmann, originally $500, now $400.11. Receipt of Fara finds - Exhibition c. 700 per12. Persian Expedition for next year: Mrs. Thompson's offerMrs. Holmes' gift of $9,000, received through American Institute for Persian Art and Archaeology, for excavations in Luristan and survey in Ajerbijan (N.W.) area Excavations at Rhages, however, chief aim Extracts of historical comments on Rhages Schmidt's successful efforts to obtain M. F. A. participation The months achievement in money raising for specific Persian projects equals, therefore, $40,000 for next year's undertakings and the almost certain prospect of $30,000 a year for the four years to follow. Schmidt's talk and movies after business meeting.:
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division from last year (5th camp). and we move well but slowly. I feel that the whole week will be spent before I can touch this year collection - and as I do not want to be rushed or to leave the work unfinished I am prepared to cancel my passage on Sept 29 and take a later boat if necessary and I said so, in order that there sould be no surprise or hesitation.I sould not like to do it, but I may be free only Saturday 29th of Sept. In that case I will try to get reservation on the \"Paris\" leaving Oct. 3rd.In two days we divided some pots, small objects, stonepots, offering tables, a few copper and some good seals. To our lot come the blue lapis seal of the wife of [? Aannipadda?] and other lapis seal with golden caps.But the major pieces the plaque relief with a chariot and the complete gaming boat and the gold diadem are still undivided. Everybody is delaying the job.:
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do not to my mind express such a point of view, and were certainly not intended to do so. You will remember that in the first instance I repeatedly urged the importance of having American members among the working staff, in order to emphasise the joint character of the undertaking. Therefore when I said that \"we shall be very glad to have Legrair\", I meant no more than to express my gratification that my original wish would be carried into effect; and the phrase about \"American cooperation\" had the same meaning. \"Cooperation\", to my mind, implies equality, not subordination. So too with the words you quote from our Report: I should see nothing improper, or derogatory to us, if in a report on the activities of your Museum, you referred to the Museum's (i.e. your Museum's) expedition to Mesopotamia, and described it as jointly supported by the University Museum and the British Museum. I have never consciously recognised anything except complete equality in the undertaking, though in regard to one part of the work, the excavation of Tell Obeid, it may sometimes have been necessary to refer to work done by the British Museum alone, before you joined us. I do not, however, remember any misleading phrases in this connection.I trust these explanations will clear away any dissatisfaction that remains in your mind. e have no wish that you should have any other feeling than satisfaction with the outcome of our collaboration.Believe meYours very sincerelyF.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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Donkey - Drab:
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Donkey? On its back, incomplete object (panniers & saddle) or legs of rider. One hind leg missing. Drab.:
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Door of shrine.
or else a statue inside a shrine,
statue wearing full robes. w.
straight vertical folds, which fill the entire door space.:
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Dr .Legrain[British Museum Letterhead]April 4th 1942Dear Dr. Vaillant,I have just received your letter of March 19th for which, and for the kind expressions contained in it, I sincerely thank you. The proposition which you have been good enough to make is, however, rather a matter for my official superiors, to whom I have:
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Dr. George Byron Gordon was the well known Director of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. His sudden death on January 30th has been a shock to his colleagues and friends and the world at large. He was 56 years old. From the effect of a fall, his skull was fractured, and within a few hours he died in the Jefferson Hospital without regaining consciousness [none of his friends or relatives being nearby]. He has been called an Anthropologist, Explorer, Author, Teacher, Archaeologist. We prefer to remember him as the Director of the Museum which he controlled and developed into one of the foremost Scientific Institutions of the Country. He took in it a personal pride and if brought the greatest fame to him. He was at its head for 16 years. We will sum up his scientific career in a few lines. Born in 1870 in Prince Edward Island, Canada, he studied first in the University of South Carolina , took his degree of Dr. of Science at Harvard in 1894, and was director of the University of Harvard Exploration to Central America from 1896 to 1900. Member of the Faculty of the University of Pennsylvania in 1903 he was made Assistant curator of Anthropology in 1904, lectured there three years, 1904-1906, was appointed assistant professor of Anthropology in 1907 and finally Director of the University museum [in 1910]. The same varied interest is shown in his publications. Prehistoric Ruins of Copan, 1896. Researches in the Ulca Valley. Caverns of Copan, 1898. [In the Alaskan Wilderness]. The Hieroglyphic Stairway of Copan, 1902. In the Alaskan Wilderness. The Serpent Motive in Ancient Art, 1906. The Book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel, 1913. Baalbeck, 1919. Walls of Constantinople, 1921. Ancient London, 1923. Rambles in Old London. But the museum was the larger field, where he developed his best qualities, administrative ability, understanding, fore sight, tact:
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Dr. Leon Legrain, born June 16, 1878, Landrecies, North, France. Early interested in modern and Oriental languages, graduate Sorbonne Under Père V. Scheil, 1910. Appointed Professor of Assyriology and Ethiopian in Catholic University of Paris 1911, served four years during World War with French and English divisions, since 1910 Curator of Babylonian and General Semitic Section of the University Museum and since 1928 Clark Research Professor of Assyriology in the University of Pennsylvania. In 1924 and 1926 University Museum's representative on the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the University Museum at Ur of the Chaldees. In 1928 degree of Doctor of Science was conferred upon him by the University of Pennsylvania in recognition of his scholarly attainments. Author of numerous publications on Babylonian, Assyrian, and kindred subjects, notable among these are: \"The Culture of the Babylonians from their Seals\", \"Historical Fragments\", \"Royal Inscriptions from Nippur\", \"Catalogue des Cylindres Orientaux de la Collection Louis Cugnin\", \"Text[e]s cunéiformes de la Collection Louis Cugnin\", \"Le Temps des Rois d'Ur\", \"Luristan Bronzes\", \"Sabean Sculpture\".:
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Drab
Head only-mitre & beard.:
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Drab Martu. Lulimu"
Male in profile, carry_g whip.
head & trunk only:
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Drab clay bird. model_d
Bird body on pedestal, Head & tail broken.
Pierced through back - A rattle? :
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Drab clay.
fem. w. head_d., & Flounc_d skirt
Clasp_d-scat_d goddess Birds & suns:
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Drab clay. Fem. Fig. w. h. on breasts:
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Drab-Nude Fem-Head trunk&thighs only:
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Drab.
Beard_d god, w. club on l. sh.:
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Drab.
Male head & torso-Bead & mitre:
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Drab. Clay pig. hollow inside
Half of body miss_g - Incis_d lines on body. :
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Drab. Head & trunk.
Beard_d man, robed:
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Drab. Nude Fem. Attitude of devotion. Votaress clasp_d:
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Drab. Nude fem. Head& torso only:
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Drab. TC. Fig.
Seated fem. w. flounc_d dress. horn_d head_d.. Two sun flowers & moon overhead:
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Drap_d Fem. Rt hanging. L. to breast Necklace. Incis_d robe. H_d model_d. Head missing. Oval base
:
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Drap_d Fem. Rt. hanging. L. to breast Necklace. Incis_d robe H_d model_d Head missing. oval base:
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Drap_d fem. w h. clasp_d below feet miss_g:
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Drap_d fem. w. spotted bodice &
flounc_d skirt. Hold_g object in front of breast. Possibly sitt_g on ram?
A-broken at knees-55 Dq
B- " waist 90 AH.:
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Drap_d fig. hold_g animal:
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Drap_d god_ss - clasp_d Broken below waist. Bandeau high over forehead. Markings below may be Fringes of hair or jewellery - 2 horns over ears Thick bunch of hair on either side ears Behind head. a feather_d head_d. (sheaves of corn?) 3 strings of beads - (small), 4th of heavy w. central bead. Top of dress 2 thick bands from each sh., V shaped betw. breasts raised on l. sh.
Thick sleeves pleat_d at elbow. Heavy wrist bangles:
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Dressed worshiper, carrying palms (?) in his crossed hands-
Long beard, turban. Long locks & earrings ? - Kaunakes
Moulded.:
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Dress_d(?) fem carry_g baby against breast. Head & feet miss_g :
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Dried clay fig. of a humped bull.
rough modeling. but w spirit & realism:
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duplicate of 27:
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During January the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has been excavating on two distinct parts of the site of Ur, the ancient cemetery and the Temple of the Moon god Nannar. The excavation of the last has taken a long time and has extended over a number of years; now it is complete, so far as is required for obtaining a knowledge of the building and its history. This temple was the main centre of the city's worship; it occupied the best site, reaching across the whole of the north-west end of the Sacred Area, and the huge Ziggurat itself is no more than an adjunct of the Moon god's shrine. We have now amassed material which enables us to trace its history for two thousand five hundred years, and perhaps the most striking thing about it is the conservatism which religious traditions imposed on one royal restorer after another. From the time when Ur-Engur, the founder of the city's most important dynasty, (c. 2300 B.C.) buried under his new terraces the ruins of an older and humbler temple and ziggurat until the reign of Nebuchadnezzar in 600 B.C., though the building had been enlarged once and more than once completely rebuilt, so that Ur-Engur's walls lay forgotten under the floors of the chambers which flanked the outer court of the temple and only the Ziggurat stood to bear witness to his piety, the ground-plan of the temple remained unchanged. Ur-Engur's death left his son Dungi to finish the work and his grandson in his turn added to it: the collapse of the dynasty gave to foreign kings an opportunity to set up their own monuments in the central shrine of the holy city, and at last an:
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Dwarf. squat bow-leg_d-wear_g
kilt: Full front.:
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e)- The form and size of paper recommanded are the same as used in the exiting collection: 'The Cuneiform Texts of the British Museum\". I could not meet Mr. Woolley, who did not reach London as early as intended. The second week, the general strike made it a necessity to leave London as soon as possible. The letter of credit of £.80 which he gave me in Bagdad, helped up to London. For the rest of the journey I drew on my private letter from the University Museum, as shown in the annexed balance account.I sailed from Havre May 26th on the SS France, due in New York on June 2nd, and arrived in Philadelphia on June 4th.Mr. Woolley's monthly reports of the Excavations have proved how satisfactory was the work done, while discovering he proper house of the Moon Goddess- all the new inscriptions have been copied day by day and translated- Texts and transcriptions are classed in chronological order. The British Museum Assyriologists and myself have agreed to exchange for control, our respective portion of the work in the forecoming volume of texts, as soon as each is satisfied with his translations.The Catalogue of Objects discovered in the present campaign 1925-1926, includes the Numbers Ur 6000 to 6977. The new photographs form a series Ns 501 to 700.Yours very sincerely,L. Legrain:
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E. Found below surface of EH.
Clay cow fig. Baked - Drab - Legs broken.
:
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E. of Railway line.
Neo-Bab. Period
Clay vase- Drab. Grotesq. pig, w lift_d snout :
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E. WagesMen, women & children employed on excavations, Nov. 4 RS. 140/5 Nov. 11. 596/1 Nov. 18. 1224/9 Nov. 25. 985/10 Dec. 2. 754/6Hamoudi's wages, Oct. & Nov. 210Subforeman, Nov. 90Guards 299/8Water donkeys 239/8 ________ 4279/15 = 285 6 7F. Purchases foe house,Pontings, household linen, 31 8 0Waring & Gillow, " 1 2 9Camp bed 1 17 6Soaps, drugs etc., 2 13 0½Crockery & kitchen stuff, RS. 238Knives 54Lamps, 86Beds & blankets 78Small varia 39/4 _______ 495/4 = 31 0 4G. House-buildingLabour RS. 720/8Paid to contractor, 2820Carpenter putting up shelves 73/9 ______ 3614/1 = 240 17 1H. Living Expenses.Stores purchased from Carchemish Fund, 5 18 2Local purchases, Cook's petty cash, etc., RS. 723/15 = 50 5 3Cook's wages, Oct. & Nov. 14 0 0I. Salaries.F. G. Newton, Oct. 26 - Nov. 30. incl. 66 0 0 _____________________ TOTAL. £1333 4 8½ _____________________:
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EH. Loose surface soil. Glazed frit Pendant Hole. Moulded Blue glaze. :
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Ellen KohlerMarch 28, 1956Sir Thomas KendrickThe British MuseumLondon, S.W. 1EnglandDear Sir Thomas:Your two letters of the second and the eighth on the Ur business have had me conferring with Sam Kramer and Miss Kohler, our Editor. We have now come up with the following suggestions in reply, but I must admit that I have neither the stamina nor the courage to dig through thirty years of correspondence. If it is all right with you let us start with your letter and forget as much of the past as we can.1) Ur Text We will be happy to have the British Museum take over the publication of this series altogether. We believe that the British Museum should retain the 165 unsold copies of volume 5, as well as whateve copies of volume 4 may still be unsold. We hope that over the years these books will sell out since they contain fundamental source material. Our Editor, Ellen Kohler, will send you a list of University of Pennsylvania subscribers to help their sale. The receipts from these volumes should be used to help finance volume six. The thirty-six pounds available for carriage might also be used for this purpose. 2) Ur Excavations-In the case of these publications too, we believe it is best that the British Museum be the sole distributor as agreed. Moreover, we think it is sensible and prudent that volume six of this series should not be authorized for publication until a good part of the receipts from volume 4 is on hand.:
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Enlarg_d Clay off. table-base & stem only Incis_d geom_t decer. 2 holes:
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Equidae - Wild asses-
1 bex? Hand modelled - Characteristic curved horns. Flatlened rump (no tail) may suggest that it was a decorative motive on a stand or vase :
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etc.) suitable for distribution to other museums and benefactors. Of course you are entitled to your full share of these.The packing of the gold head-dress of Queen Shubad will be a rather anxious affair. As to the head itself on which it was exhibited here, that is the work of Mrs.Woolley, and if you want it it will be necessary to arrange with her. Possibly however you will prefer to make your own head for it, or to exhibit it on a plain block, as I think Mr.Legrain does not consider the type of face shown to be accurate.If you see our British Museum Quarterly, I should point out a mistake to which Dr.Hall has called my attention in the number which has just appeared (Vol.III, part 3, p.69). He has there said that the seal of Indo-Sumerian type with cuneiform inscription goes to Philadelphia. As a matter of fact, which Mr.Legrain will be able to verify from his lists, it belongs to our share. I am sorry for the mistake, and hope it will not cause you any inconvenience. A correction will be inserted in the next number.With best wishes for Christmas and the new year,I remainYours sincerelyF. G. Kenyon. [signature]:
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eunuchs (?) on either side
Feather. like. modelling on one of the fig. may indicate the fringe of the skirt
The upright is decorated w. the con-ventional matting design w. a star pattern in each corner.:
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Everybody here sends kind regards and good wishes. We look forward to seeing you in the summer.Yours sincerelySidney Smith:
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everything arrived here in excellent condition, and is all unpacked new and under-going treatment.I shall soon be sending you a complete set of the season's photographs.Best wishes.Your sincerely,C Leonard Woolley [signature]P.S. Please remember that I am most anxious to have an answer to the questions I put to you about the personnel of the staff for next season.:
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EXCAVATIONS AT UR OF THE CHALDEESThe JOINT EXPEDITION of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has been working at Ur for six years with excellent results.Last year the readers of ANTIQUITY responded generously to this appeal and the success of the work has amply justified their support. The prospects for the next winter are excellent, but very much work remains to be done and it is most desirable that we should secure funds not only sufficient for a single season but constituting a reserve for future years when discoveries may be less sensational but scientifically of not less value.The two Museums bear equally the cost of the work: the estimate for the year is £5000. The British Museum can from its official revenue supply only £1250, which must be increased to £2500 in order to secure a similar amount from the American contribution. It is therefore necessary to raise annually by public subscription £1250.Each donation to the British fund assures a corresponding increase in the American contribution and therefore has a double value.I appeal to those interested in the study of Man's early history, of the beginnings of European civilization, and of the antecedents and the illustration of the Old Testament narrative, to support the work which the British Museum has initiated but cannot without assistance maintain.September 1928ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââC. LEONARD WOOLLEYUR EXCAVATION FUNDTo the DIRECTOR OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.1.I enclose herewith a donation of £âââââ:âââââ: to the British Museum Fund for the Excavations at UR OF THE CHALDEESâââââââââââSignedâââââââââââAddressDateANTIQUITY (Sept. 1928):
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Exposed. Male beard_d. Close fitting cap against rt. sh. a flail.
Fem wears horn_d headd. of godd_ss & necklace.
Stand on narrow band in relief (the threshhold!):
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Extrem_y long-beard_d male. poor condit. :
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Faience Fig. Green glaz_d Frit. clasp_d man(Osiris?) :
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Feb. 1, 1927 Dr. Leon Legrain Answered Feb. 23.27 University Museum, One Enclos. West Philadelphia L.L.My dear Dr. Legrain:I am wondering whether you, as one who is in a position to know intimately of the work of the late Dr. Gordon, would not be willing to prepare for me a brief necrological sketch and appreciation for publication in the American Journal of Archaeology. Such sketches generally should not exceed 300 hundred words. If you could do this within the next month that would be in time.:
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Feb. 16th 1926Dear Dr. GordonThe house has just been flooded- we have been through one of the worst storm of the season. Roofs leeking. Everyone busy piling the bedding and rugs and valuable property on the tables. All tubs, basins, empty tins requisitioned to collect the water from roof and walls. The court in a few minutes was a pond - the staff and men dripping wet were jumping about with spades trying with mud and timber to build a dam and stop the on rush of flood outside. All enjoyed the excitement- Now the rain has stopped. The ground is absorbing it slowly. The house look a mess like the following day after battle. We seat where we can, smoking, drinking liquor to get a little warmth, and writing home since work is impossible and there is nothing else to do.Even the Victrola had its share, but we wiped box and records carefully and put on some of the best Jazz to cheer up a bit- Thanks ever so much. It was awfully kind of you to[Note appears vertically written on left side]I heard that Fisher is down with Malaria but is doing better:
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Feb. 6. 1926.Postscript.Your two letters of December 29 and January 8 are to hand by the same post.I shall carry our your commission regarding the objects left in the house at Hillah; the first thing to be done is for me to communicate with the American Consul and get authority from him, and on my way up country, at the end of the season, or from Baghdad, I will visit the place and settle things up.I am glad that the arrangement of the things from London for your exhibition goes well; you ought to make a fine show with the results of the three seasons. I am glad too that the papers are doing justice to the dig. I do not know whether you know the arrangement made on this side. The London \"Times\" approached me a long time ago and wanted exclusive reports: I told them of course that this was not in the interests of the expedition, since we want as much publicity as possible, and I turned down an offer which would have been very advantageous to myself. But I told them that although the results of each month's work would be communicated to the Press as a whole in England and in America, yet I would agree to give the \"Times\" a specially written article on those results which should be exclusive to them in the United Kingdom; this is the longer of the two articles which I send regularly to you and you have reproduced sometimes in the Press, s sometimes in the Museum Journal. For this article, of which the substance is of course given to the other papers, the \"Times\" pays me ten or twelve guineas: (they would give me fifty for exclusive news!). Then last year I undertook to let the \"Time have at the same rate articles which do not deal with the latest discoveries, or even necessarily with the results at all, but popular articles on such things as:
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February 16, 1925My dear Kenyon:I have your letter of February 4th about Dr. Reich. We really did not have Dr. Reich in mind at all in connection with any field work or expedition. However, I think he is happier as he hads been appointed to a position of Instructor in Hebrew and other Oriental languages in Dropsie College of Philadelphia. This is a Hebrew institution and I believe he is very pleasantly situated there. I may mention that Dr. Reich's work in the Museum was confined to the translation of some Demotic papyri which were found in our excavations at Thebes. This work has not been finished by him, but as the position offered him paid him a much larger salary than we could afford, we could not ask him to remain with us any longer. Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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February 16, 1926Dear Doctor Legain:The President of the University recently expressed to me a wish that you might represent the University of Pennsylvania at the dedication of the new Library of the American School of Classical Study at Athens on April 23 next. I replied that I did not know what your movements might be or whether you would find it at all convenient to be in Athens at that time.I told him however that if he desired to send you an invitation to represent the University on that occasion, I would be glad to forward it to you with the understanding that the invitation would involve no obligation on your part.Since then I have received the enclosed letter from the President's assistant, which will explain itself. I need only add that it is a matter of entire indifference to me and that you must suit your own convenience. If you should happen to be travelling through Greece towards Paris and London on or about April 23, we will be very glad if you would confer a favour on the University of Pennsylvania by representing it on the date of the opening of the new Library.Very Sincereley Yours, GB Gordon Director:
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February 20, 1925Dear Kenyon:At a meeting of the Board of Managers of the University Museum today plans regarding the outlook for next season's campaign at Ur were under consideration. A deep interest was expressed in the results attained by the Joint Expedition during its three seasons of field work and a unanimous desire was expressed that the work should be continued next season.I am authorised to say to you that the University Museum will be prepared to proceed with the Expedition next year under the same conditions as those which obtained this year and that funds to the amount of this year's payment by the University Museum will be pledged.I am writing you these decisions at once as you may wish to have your own desires and preparations under advisement in the near futures.I wish to congratulate you on the successful and agreeable conclusion of a third season's field work and to express the hope that this association may continue during another year. Perhaps you will be good enough to advise me what your own intentions and prospects are for next year's campaign.Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYON, DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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February 23, 1923Dear Sir Frederic:This is just to wish you a pleasant passage home and to say that no answer has as yet been received from Woolley and his January report has not yet arrived.I sent you a batch of clippings from the Philadelphia papers to the Ritz Hotel in New York and I hope you got them. I am enclosing one more herewith. I think this makes the batch complete. The New York press which I have seen also struck me as being very good.With best regardsVery sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONc/o S.S. CelticWhite Star Line:
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February 23, 1924KENYONBRITISH MUSEUMLONDONAGREEDGORDON:
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February 24, 1930Dear Sir Frederic:I wish to acknowledge receipt of Mr. Woolley's report for January which, as you suggest, we shall prepare for release on February 28th.With my thanks, I amYours sincerelyHorace H.F. JayneDirectorSir Frederic Kenyon British Museum London, England:
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February 24, 1933Dear Mr. Hall:-Mr Jayne has handed me your letter of February 12th about the two African masks. As a result of talks with our customs broker and also with the Postmaster at the Chestnut Hill office I find that the only formality to be carried out to insure the delivery of the masks to the Museum is an order from you to the Postmaster at Chestnut Hill instructing him to deliver your package to your business address, The University Museum. The masks have been transferred to the Main Office at 9th & Chestnut Streets awaiting final instructions from you. The Postmaster tells me when the masks reach the Museum we can take them over. All is well here; Dr. Legrain tells me that he has recently written you all the gossip so we must make more history before I can send you news. Best regards to Mrs. Hall and yourself. Sincerely yours,Mr. H. U. Hall 37 Half Moon Street London. M.1 England:
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February 26, 1924Dear Kenyon:I am sending you today a copy of the MUSEUM JOURNAL which has just come out. You will see for yourself what use I have made of Woolley's report as published in the ANTIQUARIES JOURNAL. I have assumed that there would be no objection to our printing a resume of Woolley's report in the MUSEUM JOURNAL after it had appeared in the ANTIQUARIES JOURNAL. I notice, now, however, that I have made one mistake in referring to the Joint Expedition as the first archaeological mission to be sent to Mesopotamia since the War. This was an inadvertent statement which I am sorry to have made on Hall's account. It was in my mind that his mission went during the War and under military auspices.I ought, before this, to have acknowledged your letter of January 29th enclosing Woolley's letter and his communications for the press covering the period ending December 31st. The packet was received on February 9th. For various reasons we held it for publication until the 18th. Monday proves to be the best day for us to get into the papers. For this reason the editors have made a special request that fourteen days be allowed after mailing our copy from London before the communications are released to the London papers. Do you think we could conform to this request?Very sincerely yoursDirectorSir Frederic Kenyon, DirectorThe British Museum:
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February 26, 1930My dear Mr. Woolley:Thank you for your letter of February 1st with the two articles enclosed. Your report for January had come a day or two again from Kenyon and newspaper releases of this were made Monday last. These new articles are, however, most welcome; we shall be able to use the shorter one as it stands in the April issue of our new monthly Bulletin, and the longer one with its interesting elaboration of the details of your work we shall endeavour to place in an early number of the Journal if we have an opportunity.I am enormously impressed by the results of this years excavations. We can be well content to forego Royal Tombs when scientific material of such value comes in their stead. Please remember me to Mrs. Woolley and the other members of the staff, and believe meSincerely yoursHorace H.F. Jayne DIRECTORMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEY c/o Eastern Bank Basra, Iraq:
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February 27, 1928My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:According to my promise I am sending you herewith cheque covering the amount due you for the cast of the stela, of the ram throne support and the head of a goddess, about which you wrote me under date of January 5. In the sum is included £0-3-9 for the prints of the gold dagger and the gaming board which you were kind enough to send to me.I remainVery truly yours(Unsigned)SIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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February 3, 1932My dear Mr. Gadd:-I am sorry to have to trouble you about an additionalpaper for the two cases of antiquities fromUr which were forwarded to us by the Aquitania on November 5. Our Customsbrokers furnished a bond for theproduction of a consular invoice coveringthis shipment and are now asking thatwe produce such an invoice. May I trouble you to procure from the American Consulate an invoice covering this shipment?Very sincerely yoursSecretaryMr. C. J. GaddDept. of Egyptian & Assyrian AntiquitiesBritish MuseumLondon: W.C.1:
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February 5, 1932Dear Mr. Hill:-I wish to acknowledge the receipt of yourletter of January 20th containing the copies of Woolley's first report and material for press releases. I note thatyou have set the morning of Friday, February 12th as the publication date in London and we shall make our releasessimultaneous. Woolley always sends me directly copies ofthe photographs, together with his formal report, so do not trouble to have copies made of the prints that go to you.I am enclosing herewith a draft for £[?] 1375/-being the last installment of our share of this season's expenses, payable as we agreed in pounds at the current rateof exchange.Your sincerely, Horace H. F. JayneDIRECTORGeorge F. Hill, Esq. British MuseumLondon: W.C.1:
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February 6, 1930Dear Mr. Hall:We are of course glad to give you permission to reproduce the illustration of the Ur-Nammu Stele belonging to the University Museum.Yours very trulyHorace H. F. JayneDIRECTORMR. H. R. HALLBritish MuseumLondon W.C.:
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February 9, 1928Dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:I have your letter of January 17together with the articles for the press onour work at Ur. They have come in ample time and will be released on Monday next.We are in entire agreement with youthat Mr. Woolley should be authorized toincrease the douceurs paid to the foremen andalso to the sheikh.This morning's mail has brought aletter from Mr. Woolley dated January 16 inwhich he states that the work on the cemeterywas brought to a close on the seventh of thatmonth and that he expected to close down thework on the cite [?] on the eighteenth of Feb-ruary. We are quite prepared to meet anyappropriation which you feel it would be ad-visable to make for this season in excess of£2500. As the work will be suspended aboutthe middle of this month, I do not supposethat any large sum would be needed.This year's finds at Ur have aroused great interest in this country and our ownManagers are well pleased with the results.Very sincerely yours[unsigned]SIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British Museum:
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February seventh1 9 2 4Dear Woolley:We have received your reports for November and December and also the special article for the newspapers which came via London. This was received by us in good time to have it appear in the papers simultaneously here and in LOndon. many of the papers in this City and in New York and elsewhere in this country printed your article in full. We have reserved all of the photographs for the present. I congratulate you on your discovery at El Obeid which is turning out so much material of interest.I hear through the Egypt Exploration Society that Newton finished his work at Amarna some time ago and went to join you at Ur. I am sure that with so many finds to be registered and cared for, you will need all the assistance that you have. I gather from your report that the richness of the dig at El Obeid has rather swamped you and your assistants with work. If you learn from your experience this year that you should have a larger staff of assistants it might be well for you to emphasize this in your final report.I think that you will remember that I bought in London for £300. some of the frescoes from Amarna. We received six which have arrived in the Museum but we do not intend to unpack them until the new wing of the building is completed. We made a contribution to the funds of the Egypt Exploration Society for the current year, but I have not heard that Mr. Newton turned up anything of special importance during the season's work.Howard Carter is coming to lecture in April, but his agent has so arranged it that all of his lectures will be given under his own auspices in large public halls and he will appear twice in each city. I had hoped to have him for the Museum but this does not appear to fit in with the arrangements made.We had Weigall to lecture on the Tomb of Tutankhamen early in the season. We have also had among our lecturers this year, Sir Percy Sykes, Mrs. Rosita Forbes and Dr. Mc Govern who went to Lhasa in disguise. There is a good deal of public interest in archaeology and related subjects just:
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Fem Fig-head, feet broken.
Red_sh mould_d.
Thumb-mark at back, one behind
head.:
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Fem Fig. w. high head_d & 3 fold neckl. Broken below waist Red clay mould_d:
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Fem head (godss) broken below chin
Wig held by bandeau over forehead.
Wig forms apex in middle forehead.
below bandeau, curves down behind ears.
Heavy double lunate earr. (left
miss_g)
Hair parted middle-incis_d parallel
lines indicate hair, fine above, heavier below.
Arched eyebrow. Pellet eyes
Nose & mouth damage_d:
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Fem in flounc_d dress type IV b. 2. Broken off at knees. :
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Fem, Lower part trunk & legs only
Fine mould.:
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Fem-Red-Mould_d
Thumb hole at back:
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Fem. cloth_d in profile.:
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Fem. drap_d clasp_d Incis_d markings indicate folds of cloak, & incised band across left sh. High collar- Broken below waist.:
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Fem. drap_d conical head.d.
bracel_t neckl. - red Mould_d
Broken below waist:
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Fem. Fig (weather_d) Light drab. mould_d:
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Fem. Fig. broken below waist yellow. mould_d:
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Fem. Fig. High double head_d. Broken below waist. Drab. mould_d:
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Fem. Fig. Nude- Type III c.x.
A- Hips up. h.65.
B- Complete h. 195.
C- 31-43-388. Compl.
D: head miss_g
E- Head & legs miss_g.
F- Hands up
G- Ankles down. (=1371).
H- Complete to knees. h. 70
J- Broken below hands
K- Complete: 31-43-390. Type. C.X.
h. 130
h. 50
L- Fr_t: " " 392
M- complete. h. 60'
:
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Fem. Fig. standig Full front- h. clasp_d below br. Long skirt to ground w. bands of ornam_t and pleated together complete-face damag_d:
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Fem. Fig. w. neck. Broken below waist. Red. drab. mould_d:
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Fem. h. clasp_d over breast Head & legs lost. :
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Fem. head (only) Fillet-
hair down up in thick curls
on either side of ear.:
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Fem. head - Upper rt. side miss_g
Hair down in long tresses-
Pronounc_d chin, straight nose slight ridge middle of foreh. Hellenistic style. :
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Fem. Head surround_d by moons & stars Vase w. double stream in l. h.
2nd vase at foot. Rt. h. hold_g breast
Seat_d on peacock.
(=U. 978)
A & B do not form a whole
Mother Goose:
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Fem. head. w headdr.
Buff:
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Fem. in flounc)d dress & mitre scat_d w h. clasp_d.:
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Fem. stand_g hold_g object against her breast w. both hands long plain dress Wide belt Plan coiffure. :
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Fem. w. h. clasp_d in front of breast in attitude of prayer. Drab:
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Fem. w. headdr-Rt. h. at waist left held up. Upper part. Yellow el. Mould_d:
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Fem. w. head_d., garm_t over l. sh. Rt. arm raised Broken at waist=Drab. Mould_d:
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Fem. w. high head_d & neckl.
Broken below waist
Drab:
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Fem. w. neckl. Broken. below. waist.:
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Fem. w. necklace. Broken below waist:
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Female Fig-Head only:
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Field notes - 6234 to 6305 miss_g
Dog - Head turned rt. - pellet eyes & ears - Tail fragmtary :
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Fig. w. horn_d headd.
Broken below waist.
Drab. mould_d :
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file British Museum Ur Publications c.v. Woolley (hand written at head of letter)May 13, 1948Sir Leonard Woolley The British Museum London, W.C.1, EnglandDear Sir Leonard:I was very pleased to have your letter of April 19th which indicates that there is some possibility of continuing the Ur publications. You can imagine that this question has troubled me not a little and that I have found it difficult to comprehend the present status or to determine how to proceed. Certainly I do not claim to understand the background of the long term job but after scouting around through our files and discussing the matter with Dr. Legrain I find that there is at present the sum of $1045.47 in the rotating fund for Ur excavation publications. Unfortunately it has taken almost ten years to build up this fund out of the sale of the Ur excavation publications. Moreover, I am advised that after communication with you The British Museum the Museum and University Press reduce the price of Volume II, two parts, to $9.00, that is, the price to the individual. Some 60% of this goes to the Press for handling of its distribution. From this you will see that there is undoubtedly little chance of raising any substantial sum from future sales. There are 22 volumes remaining in our store rooms.In the meantime Dr. Legrain has finished Ur Excavations, Vol. VI; Terra-cottas, and Ur Excavations, Vol VII; Seal Cylinders, and of course he would like to have them published as soon as possible.Do you think it is possible to publish Volume IV at some reduced scale with the [pound symbol] 520 in the hands of the British Museum and the $1045.47 in the hands of this Museum? If so I should be glad to forward the money held in our account to the British Museum to cover the costs of Volume IV. I know that Dr. Legrain would like to see his Volume published thereafter if any funds can be raise.This of course does not in any way promote the publication of subsequent volumes now ready but it would at least show some activity in the Ur publication program which would be very desirable from our point of view.I am a little puzzled by the fact that Sir John Forsdyke has referred my letter to you without commenting on those arrangements formerly carried out by the British Museum and the University Museum to publish the Texts. I realize tht this is a matter which concerns the museums rather that yourself and that you are essentially concerned with publication of the excavations. I do not know who in the British Museum is primarily responsible for arrangements regarding the Texts but assume that some advice concerning them will be forthcoming.In any event if you feel you can go forward with the publication of Volume IV with the combined sums now in the hands of the two institutions please advise me and we shall immediately forward that part held here. I expect to be in England sometime next fall and of course will hope to discuss the matter further with you at the time.very sincerely yours,Froelich Rainey Director:
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file Babylonian Sectionfile- Ur Publications cir British Museum[hand written]April 1, 1948Dear Sir John: You may recall that I wrote to you in October attempting to compare notes on the present status of the Ur publications. Since I have not yet received a reply to the statement of my understanding of the present status we are somewhat at a loss to know just what financial obligations if any we have in your publication of the current material. Our Babylonian Section expects to renew excavations somewhere in Iraq during the coming Fall and I am uneasy about continued excavations until some decision is reached regarding the completion of the Ur publicatons. Naturally I realize that you also are not happy about the conclusion of this work and that at least the volumes on excavations are no longer a direct responsibility of the British Museum but perhaps you have had some discussion with Sir Leonard Woolley regarding this matter and are therefore in a better position to determine a completed publication program.Very sincerely yours,Froelich RaineyDirectorSir john ForsdykeBritish MuseumLondon, W.C. IEnglandFR:GS:
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file UR Publication c.v. WoolleyP.K. 20 [?Antata-??] [?Hatay?]: Turkey27. xi. 48Dear Miss Shih[?],I have just heard from England that Dr. Legrain's Ms. 'Ur Excavations: Terracottas' arrived at my home safely; so I write to inform you, fearing that there may have been some anxiety regarding it. I am sorry that I could give no earlier assurance.(?unreadable?)Leonard Woolley told Dr. Legrains 12/3/48 GSS:
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file- Woolley UR Excavations June 30, 1948Dear Sir Leonard:I am sorry that I have been so long in replying to your letter of May 30th but an attempt to search our files and records for an adequate accounting on the Ur excavations publications has taken nearly three weeks. You will find attached the results of our thorough attempt to get at the fundamental data in this matter.You will note that you were quite correct in your letter as to the fact that we should have approximately $3,000.00 on hand from the sales of Volumes II, III, and V the differences lying essentially in approximately $1400.00 obtained from the sale of Volume II which was sent to the Oxford Press in 1934 to cover some of the costs of producing Volume II. I find in the correspondence that there has been a long and sometimes bitter controversy over the utilization of money from sale of Volume II to cover part of its production costs. The essential thing it seems to me is that this money was paid to the Oxford Press and was not refunded to the Museum when the Carnegie Institution made up the deficit for the publication of Volume II in 1935. So far as I can see all of that long discussion is now water under the bridge and we are left with the sum on hand in the amount of $1233.67 which may be utilized for the publication of additional Ur publication. You will note that this is $188.20 more than the amount quoted in my letter of May 13th. In our survey we picked up an error in the allocation of money from sales to the Ur fund. There seems to be no record of what happened to the forty copies of Volume II unaccounted for and I am afraid this will remain a mystery to me at least.A further rather discouraging fact is that even though we would manage to sell all of the remaining copies of the three volumes we could not hope to raise more that $950.00. I am now attempting to have the University Press publicize the reduce price of Volume II, i.e. $9.00, in the hopes that we can advance the sale of these copies and thereby add to our combined sums. Even so I can see from the accounting in your letter that we cannot hope to raise more that four or five thousand dollars (combined sums) for additional publication. I am sure you will appreciate that it will be extremely difficult for me to raise additonal funds for the publication of this series at this late date and therefore I can see no other procudure but for you to utilize our combined funds for the publication of another volume in the most practical manner which you can devise. I am sending on to you Legrain's manuscriopt on the \"Seal Cylinders,\" Volume VIII in the hope that as you suggest you can arrive at some conclusion regarding the publication of this matter and will forward the $1233.67 as well as any additional money obtained from sales whenever you wish.If you should decide to approach any of the foundations for additional funds I shall of course do whatever I can to assist. It certainly is true that publication costs seem very excessive these days and we are facing many difficult publication problems. Perhaps it is somewhat inconsiderate of me to leave this particular problem on your doorstep. Nevertheless, I am sure that you are in a better positon to handle it and will be able to make the wisest decision.:
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file- British Museum c.v. Ur publicationMarch 13, 1947Dear Sir John;May we review with you the status of the publications of our joint expedition to Ur, all of this work and considerations relating thereto having been, naturally, held in abeyance during the period of the war.In August, 1946, at the request of Mr. Gadd, Dr. Legrain forwarded the revision of the manuscript Part II of Volume III of the Texts, the letter from Mr. Gadd indicating that it was now the desire of the British Museum to complete the publication of Volume III, the plates of which appeared before the war.As we understand the situation, there is no continuing agreement between the two Museums bearing upon the matter. Perhaps, however, some understanding has been reached between Dr. Legrain and Mr. Gadd with which we are not entirely clear and which the correspondence in our files does not disclose. May we ask, therefore, that you acquaint us with your plans which we can, in turn, lay before our Board of Managers for consideration and action.Unquestionably a full and complete exposition of the expedition's finds as well as the deductions resulting from these finds is desirable but this would require extensive funds which we, unfortunately do not possess. For the reason a definate and, perhaps long range, plan might be developed which we could look forward to accomplishing togetherWe would greatly appreciate your views. With every good wish, believe meYours sincerely,Percy C. Madeira, Jr PresidentSir John Forsdyke The British Museum London W.C. I EnglandPCM:GS:
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file- Woolleyfile- Ur Excavation PublicationsSept 23, 1948Dear Sir Leonard:I am naturally sorry to hear that you cannot manage to bring out Volume VI as you intended but agree that under these circumstances it is better to get out Legrain's Volume X and to hope tht this will keep the ball rolling. I gather the Oxford Press has already taken in hand the printing job and you therefore may wish us to forward our funds here to the Oxford Press or perhaps to the British Museum. Please advise me as to how you wish this directed.As to the selling price for the volume, I should like to leave that to your better judgement and discuss it here with our trustees whenever you make a suggestion.Good luck with your season in Turkey. I had hoped to be on my way out there sometime in October but as things are now developing, it looks less likely that I shall manage to go to the Near East this fall. Two of our men, Franklin Daniel and Rodney Young will be in Turkey in November in search of an early classical site. Daniel is in charge of our Mediterranean section and is primarily interested in the origins of Greek culture. Our Babylonian section is again debating continuation of excavations at Nippur and we hope that the Iraqi are not too anti-American at this point. I must say, however, that my inclinations are to agree with the Iragi.Very best wishes,Froelich RaineyDirectorSir Leonard WoolleySedgehill ManorShaftesburyDorset, EnglandFR:GS:
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file-Babylonian Section Ur Publication c.v. Legrain c.v. British MuseumJune 11, 1947Dear Sir John:- I am taking the liberty of enclosing a copy of a letter sent you in March by the President of the Museum. Realizing how uncertain the mails are, it occurs to me that you may never have received it, since we have had no reply. *Mr Gadd has been in communication with Dr. Legrain since its sending, however, and in fact has forwarded the galley proof of part of Dr. Legrain's manuscript. Apparently the publication of it is moving ahead, but we should be so intensely interest to hear on what plan.With greetings to all our colleagues, believe me, Very sincerely Mrs. William S Godfrey Acting DirectorSir John ForsdykeBritish MuseumLondon, W.C. 1EnglandLetter from Gadd to Legrain 4/8/47 in Dr Legrain's files [hand written insert]:
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Filling of house below Temen. wall
Fr_t Nude Fem. hands below breast coarse heavy. :
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Filling of Larsa houses below Temen. Wall Nude Fem. Fig. :
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fine pair of [??illegible word, perhaps volumes] & I [?compliment?] you on it, thought I must admit that I have not studied it properly yet. And I am very glad to hear that the [??test? text?] [??illegible word, maybe volume?] is back & ready for the printers: this means that the Expedition will be far more prompt than most in publishing results of all [??illegible word] I quite agree in principle with reconstructing the statuette & shall look forward to seeing how it looks in the Journal: after all, the public ought to be shewn[sic] things as they were & not as they chance to be. I have now finished the exhibition of this year's stuff[??or perhaps shift?] & it has been formally opened--a very fine show & I'm glad to hear you will be over to see it. We are now in Bath & shall be so for the rest of the summer.[scrawled line, probably Yours truly]CLeonard Woolley [complete with swoosh]:
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fit. We are letting the Illustrated London News bring out some in colour, which will be very striking.At the time of division with Baghdad it looks, to an outsider, as if the Iraq Museum is taking all the contents of the Mes-Kalam-Dug's grave, had secured the best share, and of course the gold wig & the inscribed vases are most magnificent; but now that things fallen to our share have been restored one can see that really the expedition has done the best. Besides the things you see here there are the chariot &:
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followed.I hope we may have a good season with plenty of success to report.My best regards to your wife + all good wishes for the (approaching) seasonYours v. sincerelyC Leonard Woolley:
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for at our meeting in town, and thanks in part to the £250 extra, I shall by the end of next week, when I finally close down, have carried out the whole of the programme then sketched, and shall in addition have done a lot of work on the big courtyard building. We shall be in a position to publish a full account of the ziggurat of Nabonidus, all that is likely ever to be found out about the ziggurat of Ur-Engur; all four sides of the building will have been cleared down to the later floor levels, and the two main sides to the Ur-Engur level; to go down deeper at the two ends would only involve us the task of excavating buildings only indirectly connected with the ziggurat, and the proper clearing of these is the work of a whole season, not of a month or so. So I am stopping at the end of next week. And personally I shan't be sorry, for I have been seedy the greater part of the season, and it has been no little strain to carry on all the time, and though I am all right now, I should shrink from a fresh beginning.I postpone sending a report till the work is over, i.e., till the 8th March., as there may be something to say more than I can say at present; and I shall let you have news as to how the division goes.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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For release Monday Feb 13The sixth season of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania is now, coming to an end; the objects resulting from the year's work have been divided with the Iraq Museum, many are on their way home already, and the packing of the rest is merely a matter of days. Of late things have been comparatively quiet, for in accordance with the programme drawn up last Summer work en the graves was to stop at the end of the year and the Expedition was to concentrate on the less productive but historically important task of clearing the great courtyard building which lies at the foot of the Ziggurat tower, the largest of the buildings of Ur. The ground-plan of the building in its later phases was already known to us; our object was to secure information as to its character and earlier history. The work of clearing has proved heavier than had been anticipated and much remains ever to done next year, but from the scanty ruins underlying the brick ----- pavement laid down by king Kuri-Galzu about 1400 B. C. we have been able to make out at Least something of the building's record. Inscriptions on the bricks show that it was the great temple of the Moon God Nannar, founded by Ur-Engur the first of the kings of the Third Dynasty, about 2300 B. C., finished by his son and grandson and restored and repaired by many successive rulers of the country until the time of Nebuchadnezzar. Thar [sic] king raised the floor of the building so as to bring it up to the level of the terrace of the Ziggurat against which it lay, and for this purpose had brought in and spread over the work of his predecessors all the soil which for the last month we have been laboriously digging away. The work, as I have said is not finished an many details of the plan of the building in its earlier phases remain to be investigated next year; but at least we begin to have a clear idea of the most important of temples of ancient Ur.Before we started work on the courtyard the excavation of the cemetery had to be brought to a proper end, ready for its resumption in the future; the most necessary job was the complete digging out of a great royal tomb the stonework of whose:
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For release Monday Feb. 13URFeb. 10. 1928.Until the end of the first week of FebruaryJanuary work was continued on the graves although the time had come when according to the season's programme the clearing of the great courtyard building was to have begun; but we had already done a fortnight's work there when the mass of the objects from the cemetery had been overwhelming and a pause was essential to enable the staff to catch up with the diggers' output, and at the beginning of the month we were still busy with the excavation of another royal tomb which had perforce to be finished.The tomb had been rifled in antiquity - the guards lay at the door but the door stood open and the chambers were empty of all save what the robbers had overlooked - but it well repaid excavation for it was in many ways the most interesting that we have yet found. Probably it is the oldest. The modern surface has here been denuded far below the ancient level, but the floor of the tomb lies at a depth of no less than forty feet, and the grave of Mes-kalam-dug lying high above it, is actually cut down into the filling of the old shaft. Architecturally is is remarkable. The whole grave pit is filled by the tomb, thee vaulted chambers built and roofs with limestone rubble, and in each chamber part of the corbelled ceiling and the apsical end are preserved intact and the walls preserve much of the fine lime plaster with which the rough stone surface was originally finished. In the other graves a single chamber destined for the royal body occupies one end of the open grave shaft in which the king's household and followers were buried; here all were placed in the tomb. The central chamber was divided by a cross wall into two, the inner compartment presumably being for the king's body, and in this as well as in each of the big side chambers there was a rectangular hollow in the cement floor, the shape of a coffin, and at each of its corners a round hole which may have taken the supporting poles of a canopy; the persons buried with this king must themselves have been of importance if they shared:
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For the Associated Press Ur of the Chaldees. 1924The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has now finished the first month of its third season at Ur, and the results are already well worth reporting.Work has been carried on on two sites, both lying within the limits of the Sacred Area as defined by us two years ago: half of the men have been employed on the wide stretch of ground between the wall of the Sacred Area and the foot of the Ziggurat, the huge brick tower whose walls were brought to light last season, and the other half have been digging on the other side of the Ziggurat a small building which had already been in part excavated by Mr. Taylor seventy years ago but very incompletely published by him, so that in order to work out our plan it was necessary to dig it out again.The first excavation has more than fulfilled our hopes. The object was to find the limits of the terrace on which the Ziggurat was known to stand, and after three weeks of hard work, removing many hundreds of tons of rubbish, and laying bare ruined walls of various periods we came at last upon the original wall built by King Ur-Engur two thousand three hundred years before Christ. It is a sloping wall of mud brick with shallow buttresses, and it would have been difficult to establish its authorship, for on the mud bricks no names are stamped, but for the fact that a later ruler, probably Ur-Engur's own son, had strengthened it with a facing of burnt brick and so enabled it to endure through the ages in a wonderful state of preservation; the mud plaster still covered the wall face, and driven through it into the joints of the brickwork were cones of baked clay, shaped like nails, their heads forming a sort of pattern on the wall and their shafts inscribed with the name and title of the king and dedication of his building to the Moon Good. Such cones have long been known but their use remained a mystery much disputed; now for the first time we have them in position and can see that in a wall of mud brick they served the same proud or pious purpose as the stamps indelibly set upon bricks of burnt clay.On the terrace so supported there were buildings of all dates, for the most part sadly ruined thanks to their exposed position on a high level. It was dramatic to find in one of these a door-socket made of a diorite boulder inscribed with the name of Ur-Engur, and still upright in its well-polished pivot-[?nole?] the bronze shoe of the hinge-pole of the vanished door. The latest buildings were poor crooked rooms of the Persian time with store-pits beneath their floors; clay tablets showed that there were still priests housed in what was already a ruin, still collecting tithes from the few adherents of the old faith. Just at the time when the Temple at Jerusalem was being rebuilt by Ezra and Nehemiah the shrine of the Moon God at which Abraham once worshipped came to a dishonoured end and was buried under drifting sand.:
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Found against heavy Larsa wall(NW by SE) on sw. side of Shrine of Ningal. Sqaure clay incense box. :
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Found against Larsa wall of K.P.
Bead. white frit
(cf. U 6823. Lapis bead. found in Bursin Trilithon room. :
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Found in burnt brick. boxes close to Temen. wall below surf-IV corner of KP
[Back Side] Nebo type: Hands cross_d. r. over l. (Gudez relief) classical Nebu face. well trimmed beard-long hair waved parted, drawn behind ears, tied with 2 band on the shoulders
Long robe to the feet.
Details of Feet, arms, Fingers, folds of dress. painted black&brown over white lime-Fringe painted red. Moulded in the round. :
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Found in burnt stratum. below brick hinge box of Nabonidus gate by the zig. TW. SW. TC. relief: Kneeling woman suckling child - Head missing. :
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Found in infants grave, in front of altar in mortuary chapel of No. 7. Gay St. at Ur c. 2000 BC.
Votive mud brick. w. thumb mark - Decorat_d w. 2 inlaid cowrie shells - head of an owl?:
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Found together w. gold & other beads in a hollow in mud-brick pave_t, in which was also a hole contain_g the Copper Bull's Heads
Tc. Nude fem. w. h-clasp_d below breast. Fr_t from waist up- Poor impress. from mould- Archaic type- sharp prominent nose:
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Found w. 1738
Moulded plaque head broken
Nude standing-Right to chest-Left raised-No jewels except double bracelet slim Head&Feet-missing :
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Found w. 2 second similar fig. much broken. in the remains of a brick Papsukal box under 2 pavement level. close to grave sw. 1.
Fig. of unbaked clay. Nude fem. copper part only preserved. Arms missing Painted white, the hair black-
Good modelling, even the back-was 2 mould used-slender waist-:
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Fr TC. Fig. Lower half of Nude Fem. with bangles at ankles:
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Fr-Rudely model_d-beard_d
man, head & body only:
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Fr-t painted fig. Animal - Tiger (or
( sheep?) - Long straight body - Long hanging tail - Hair parted on back. Hanging on either side on long streak of colour green clay w. black bands striped body. very long. head & forelegs missing
PFT/ level 1250:
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Fr-T TC. fig broken below waist.
Beard_d god-Thick nose-High conical cap. w. peak which has a triangul. parting to it on middle of forehead.
Against the breast, either side of beard the tops of long staves (?)
Wide sq. sh. 2 rouded plaits of hair, one on either side of head, Fall just below cap.
On either side of breast rosettes.
Below beard, an invert_d crescent m.:
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Fr. Fem. clasp_d. Broken off below:
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FR. Fem. head. painted red. Broken at neck.
Round flat face. Slit eyes, curved nose - small straight mouth - slab of clay on top of head, a support for a bitumen whig missing.
Fr_t of head only. On the high headdress? traces of black bands. The face painted bright red. :
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Fr. green glaz_d - Horse rider:
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Fr. Male- upper part. Snowm. Tech.
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Fr. Male-upper part snowman. tech. :
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Fr. Nude. Fem clasp_d Broken below waist. Pink :
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Fr. of mould for fig. Lowerpart of Flounced skirt- :
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Fr. Painted clay. animal -
Head of a dog? or sheep.
Broken horns.:
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FR. painted. fem. clay statuette. Grey hard baked clay - Broken at waist small breasts - slender waist - Angular shoulders - Painted with black streaks on the back.
Deformed - lozenge shaped, flat head with slanting eyes - probably covered w bitumen whig. (Like the head of the child. on arms of his nurse. a.2, pl.XLXlll. Anlq. J. OD. 1930:
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Fr. plaque.
2 male clad in short tunics
stand_g on either side. of entrance
to shrine:-Each grasps the ribbed door post in ones hand.
Top portion miss_g:
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Fr. TC. Fig Nude fem. Broken off at waist. Head wrapped in bandeau-Large earrings. Beads r. neck. :
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Fr. TC. Male advanc_g rt. w. uplift_d arms. In l. h. a bow (?) :
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Fr. TC. Nude fem. Full Face. only head& breasts preser_d crude. rough Idem. 31-16-866-:
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Fr. TC. Nude. fem. Hands clasp_d below breast. Bendeau round forehead& ribbons(?) crossing over top of h. Earrings, neckl. w. triangul. pendent-Pinch_d nose-rough moded_g Broken at waist. :
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Fr. TC. relief. Nude Fem. h. clasped Full Face-Broken at waist. :
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Fr. TC. relief. plaque, painted red.-Bull-leg_d demon (!=Enkidu). Stands body profile right
Head facing-Holds staff w. trident head
. 2.:
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Fr. waist down. Drap_d man stand_g Long fring_d skirt-Arms cross_d hands to breast stands m..?:
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Fr._t of bas. relief, or statuette in the round. Black Steatite.
Bare legs against background of cloas_t with hem on front & tasselled fold behind Fine work. Broken in inliquily and fracture smooth at the feet.
:
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Fr: Mother goose- Seat_d:
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Framed by crescents & stars:
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friend of Army days instead of being the hermit which has long been my role[there is a carat over the o in this word]: and the company will be pleasant as well as salutary. With all the extra pressure of work which retirement seems to involve I'm too prone to spend the entire day at my desk--and to avoid my neighbours: a short-sighted policy, perhaps, but there is so much to do in what time one has. A volume in the [??great??] Unesco history of civilisation, a long contribution to an [??undecipherable word] encyclopedia of art, & another for a French history of architecture, as well as one more Ur volume & a new book for which a publisher clamours--and what leisure can there be for social happenings? However, I keep remarkably well and fit and manage to enjoy life. For Xmas I go off to Bristol to stop with a sister and see two of her married children (and the [??many??] family:
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Fringes & folds below crossed hands are deeply incised.
Long beard (?) in four braided strands.
Head, Feet, R. arm broken off.
Slim body. Good sense of relief.:
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Fringes & folds below crossed hands are deeply incised. Long beard (?) in four braided strands. Head, feet, R. arm broken off. Slim body. Good sense of relief.
:
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Frit amulet. Squatting monkey. Originally green, now bleech_d. :
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Frit. amulets.
-A pair of fishes - (tails broken)
-Tortoises A 70 X 20 mm
-Pair of ducks
-Bead pendant
-Monkey (head missing)
-Rosettes :
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Fritte glazed Frog (green blue) pierced [166 circled]
clay Frog. light drab clay (= Fritte) pierced for suspension.[168 circled]:
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from a small pit in the courtyard. This, together with another and much smaller tomb lying beneath the court we have cleared, but both had been swept clean by the Elamites plunderers. The Dungi building is larger and much more remarkable, and the tomb arrangements, so far as we can recognise them at present, are unlike anything else known in Mesopotamia. Against the middle of the back wall of the building is a huge brick-lined pit about seven metres deep which was originally filled in solid with earth and paved over so as to form the floor of a high-lying room approaced approched by a flight of brick stairs; this pit we have cleared. In a recess on one side of it is a bricked-up door or passage through which a flight of steps led down to a brick platform occupying the centre of the pit; from the platform there run down to left and right broad flights of stairs which pass beyond the pit's limits and lead to lofty corbel-vaulted chambers which at first we took to be tombs but now appear rather to be themselves passages to something beyond. Next to the Ziggurat this underground construction is the most monumental thing on the site. The \"passage\" roofs are in bad condition, much of the apex having collapsed, and it would be most dangerous to excavate them without shoring up the sides; for help in this I have had to apply to the Department of Antiquities in Baghdad; the work will take some time and I shall not therefore be able to report yet on the final excavation, but there can be no doubt that we have here the tomb of Dungi, or of Ur-Engur, or of both kings. I may say that the earth filling of the pit was found by us undisturbed, and it is possible that a grave lying so deep [xxx] excaped the plunderers, but:
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From Cannon GalpinFaulkbourne RectoryWitham, Essex. England.27 Oct. 1932Dear Dr LegrainI have owed you a letter of thanks for nearly five months, but I am [illegible] that Diocesan and other duties have put me off my Sumerian Studies.Thank you sincerely for the photograph of the Lyre and, even more so, for your interesting letter of details and the [illegible] of the [one or two illegible words]. This I think evident that the body of the instrument when in its original state was not of great thickness--and I [?should?] say from the way in which the bottom [?part?] is [illegible] out in a regular line[four words underlined] that the section might have been something like this [drawing(sketch)] If it had been [drawing(sketch)] I think the bottom would have been crumpled up instead of extended[word underlined] as it is at present. Assuring you of my grateful appreciationYours sincerelyFrancis W. Galpin [signature underlined]This [?quite? might?] [?indent?] that the strings ran across[word underlined] the body [rest of sentence illegible because the writing is too small to see on the computer screen]:
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From Cannon GalpinStanmore,164, Kew RoadRichmond.new addressEngland.15.2.34Dear Dr LegrainI have been thrilled with the Report in the big volumes of your excavations at Ur and especially in yourfind of the silver musical Pipe. The measurements given in Woolley's book are fairly complete--but I should most grateful if you would give me one or two that are missing:1. The internal diameter of the tube--at such of the perfect ends2. The holes in the illustration are not circular--but the text says they are .006m. in diameter--I should be glad to know the several exact measurements both ways: on some of these pipes they are oblong.3. From the drawings it looks as if one perfect end tapers slightly.4. The distances of the 5 holes on the pipe are given, I presume, from centre to centre. I have already constructed a facsimile, so far as I had details, and find--as stated in the text--there are two pipes of equal length (.265m.) with five holes in each. Played with a single-beating reed in each, the scale is C.D.E.F#,G[?b?],A.:
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From Canon Galpin Lett.d[perhaps a number instead of a d?]STANMORE,164, KEW ROAD,RICHMOND. England.20 June 1939Dear Dr LegrainI hear from Mallowan that Dr. Speiser[??] found at Tepe Gawra a lone Flute with six holes and stopped at one end. As there is no illustration of this in the \"Bulletin,\" would you kindly send me a photograph of the instrument, if available, with a scale of measurement and, if possible, a note on the internal diameter of the tube. I can probably make an experimental facsimile, and test the scale. The other instrument found at Gawra appears to:
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From Canon GalpinFaulkbourne RectoryWitham, Essex. England10 Feb. 1932To Dr. LegrainDear SirMy kind friend, Mr. Gadd, at the British Museum tells me that the Lyre from Ur (Ur 12355) of boat-shaped-form is [?illegible word, maybe was?] in your safe keeping.I am at work on the Musical Instruments of the Sumerians and should be greatly obliged to you if you would give me a few details about this particular Lyre which I cannot gather from the excellent photographs I have. My doubt is whether it is a Lyre[underlined] or a Harp[underlined]. If it is a Lyre, it [?should have?] been strung as in my [?rough?] drawing No1[underlined] ([illegible word]) and it seems to me that there are traces on the metal plating which [?suffered?] an attached wire or string holder as in other Sumerian Lyres.If it is a Harp, it would have been strung as in No2[underlined] and there would probably be traces of a bar on the sound board or at any rate of a row of holes [in the metal, written above line] through which the strings were passed. Would you kindly tell me if any:
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From Canon GalpinSTANMORE,164, KEW ROAD,RICHMOND.England.1 August 1934Dear Miss CrossAgain I am most[word underlined] grateful to you for your letter re the Ur Reed Pipe and for the photographs of Dr. Legrain's \"terracottas\" which you enclose. I think the photos. are quite dear and I do not think I [illegible word] to trouble you for further copies, unless I find it absolutely necessary.As for the Ur Pipe I shall certainly wait till you can give me some particulars of the new discovery of fresh tubing. I wonder whether the remains of Pipe No.3 will show a similar instrument with 5 finger holes as Nos. 1 and 2 or whether it is a \"drone\" Pipe without holes to be played with the Double Pipe as is the present day custom [illegible] the Sardinian [?Launsdda?]-- a single-[illegible] reed-pipe said to be of \"Phoenician\" origin and similar to the Early-dynastic Egyptian Pipes.As I have been asked to write a chapter on Indian Musical Instruments for a forthcoming work on \"The Legacy of India,\" I can well wait for your particulars when:
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From Canon GalpinSTANMORE,164, KEW ROAD,RICHMOND.England.11.6.35Dear Dr LegrainMay I trouble you once more?I am getting ready for the press my account of the Music of the Sumerians and I have hoped to hear the latest account of the Silver Pipe from Ur.From your Secretary's letter a year ago I learnt that more pipes were being disentangled and also that one of the pieces in the [illegible] find had been inadvertently reversed on Pipe No. 1.This rather alters the description and type of the pipe, as now it seems pretty certain that it has but four[word underlined] proper holes.The other pipe has also received a new [illegible] with a [illegible] hole, again making four[word underlined] holes, not five.I should be glad to know if I am correct in these details as, if there are but 4 holes, the pipes would have been held apart at an angle, like those shown in the Nippur figurine.They would also correspond to the Egyptian double-pipes now at Leiden and Berlinâthe holes on one pipe being higher up than those on the other.A post card in reply will be gladly received [squiggle on letter]Yours trulyFrancis W. Galpin[signature underlined]I should like to have the length[word underlined] of the new fragment [the rest of the sentence is illegible and written very small]:
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From Canon GalpinSTANMORE,164, KEW ROAD,RICHMOND.England.3 June 1936[date underlined]Dear Dr. LegrainI have just received the notice of your new work on the Archaic Seals of Ur[title underlined] (no III of the Ur Reports). It interests me greatly, especially as in the notice an illustration is given [?with?] no. 384[number underlined] or the little Harp to which you allude in your review of the Ur Seals (Vol II). My own University of Cambridge is shortly publishing my researches into the Music of the Sumerians, for help in which I am greatly indebted to you and the Penn. University authoritiesâhelp I have duly acknowledged. Seal 384[underlined] shows 2 instrumentsâthe little Harp[word underlined] and the clappers[word underlined]âalso [illegible word] a thirdâa horn[word underlined] (of wood?) held by the [?petite? little?] figure on the right. Would it be possible to obtain a photograph of the impress (I would pay any [illegible word] fee) as I should greatly like to include it in my illustrations with permission? Failing that, may I be allowed to reproduce the print as shown in in the notice? I hope to be the proud possessor of the volume when published, but I can hardly ask the University Press to hold my over my accepted treatise till September. My friend, [illegible name] Smith, has encouraged me to write to you.With kind regardsYours very gratefullyFrancis W. Galpin.[signature underlined]:
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From Dr. Gordon's copybookJuly 22, 27, 1922 Dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:Since I despached a letter to you yesterday I have today received your wire and have answered as follows:Will arrive London August thirteenth for conference Mesopotamia.I am very sorry that there has been any delay in replying to your letter of June 12. It arrived after the exodus when in this part of the world everybody has gone either to Europe or to the seaside for the holiday season, and it was very difficult for me to get together any members of the Board for final action on the Mesopotamian matter. I have now all necessary authorization and I think it best for me to go to London for a conversation on this subject. I believe that a brief talk will be more satisfactory than correspondence to adjust all details of the expedition.The earliest steamer that I have been able to get passage on up to this moment is the Baltic which sails on the eighth of August and is due to arrive on the thirteenth. There is a possibility of my getting passage on the Aquitania which sails on August first. If I succsed I will send you another cable. In either event I trust that the time may not prove inconvenient for you.Very sincerely yours,G.B. GordonDirectorSir Frederic KenyonDirectorThe British Museum:
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From Found_n box NE gate of AD.
Papsukal: Mud Fig. beard_d male. wearing a conical cap & girt w. 2 baldric. to which is attached a sword hang_g from the leftr side. The right h. raised clasped a spear. Baldric & weapons in copper. Traces of red paint on the mud.
(See sketch. Field note in A.D. & photo)
*
Kish. Papsukal in clay box. Two fig copper girdle & band over sh. copper staff in rt. & weapon in left. Rased rt. (T. of Ilbaba) T. Hursag Kalama (Watelein 1926-7). Neo-Bab Box in Room I ( Pl. VI Vol. III) Papsukal standing-rt to breast-holds staff-Left hanging- Beard-Pointed mitre-mass of hair-tight robe Bell--on base-:
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From Ishan il Namra S or SW of Sakheiri
TC. relief . Beareded male fig.
coarse late work.
Duplic. 18095 Ph. 2088:
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From Larsa debris. Found in long room on S. corner of Larsa shrino. S. side of KP.
Grey stone head: lepperrace down to nose only. Low forehead. Fringe of hair prolrudes below chigno. Eyebrows carefully rendered - Prominent eyelids. Protruding eyeballs. Careful models_o of nose. :
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from my little temple at el Obeid, the excavation of which Woolley has continued and I think completed this year. The objects of Sumerian art are very important. Are you coming across to see the things?Yours sincerelyH.R. Hall. [signature]:
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From outside.
Fr_t Man in high peak_d cap.
Eyes applied:
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From PFT. level 1200. Dried clay Fig. of animal(cattle) roughly hand modell_d:
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From Rajeibeh.
H-model_d Hump_d bison(?) Both horns miss_g. :
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From Ur Junction to Philadelphia ----- ----- ----- ----- Rp Fr £ $ Baghdad - Telegram Carriage 5Passport - ----- ----- ----- 30Hotel + Carriage ----- ----- 6Lunch ----- ----- ----- ----- 3Nairn transport to Beyrouth ----- ----- 30Luggage ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 5.10Passport tax -+carriage- ----- 8Carriage ----- ----- ----- 6Tripoli Hotel ----- ----- ----- 7Beyrouth Hotel ----- ----- ----- 27S.S. P. Loti to Marseille ----- ----- 31Embarking ----- ----- ----- 25Tip on board ----- ----- ----- 125Marseille: Cab. Luggage. Hotel 95Ticket to London ----- ----- 675Cab.Luggage ----- ----- ----- 70Paris Taxi ----- ----- ----- 18Paris Hotel Modern ----- ----- 170Calais Train- Reservation + Lunch 50Dover-London- Reservation + Tea ----- ----- 3/6London Cab- Porter ----- ----- ----- 5/Thackeray Hotel ----- ----- ----- ----- 12.7/3Porter- Taxi to Victoria Station ----- 5To Paris ----- ----- ----- ----- 3.12/6Taxi Luggage ----- ----- ----- ----- 11Hotel Modern ----- ----- ----- ----- 407 ----- ----- ----- ----- 65 ----- ----- 23.90 ----- ----- ----- ----- 1673 55.75 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 83.3 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 79.651$ = Rp. 2.72 1$ = Fr. 30 1£ = $4.86:
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From: The University Museum of theUniversity of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, Pa.[the following paragraph is centered on the page in the original]A resume of the work of the joint archaeological expedition maintainedat Ur of the Chaldees from 1922 to 1934by the University Museum of the Universityof Pennsylvania, and the British Museum.[three dashes appear two spaces below the above paragraph and two spaces above the body of the paper.]The site of the ancient city of Ur of the Chaldees, from which Abraham set out to found the Hebrew nation, as recounted in the Bible, has been known since archaeological explorations first were made there in the middle of the nineteenth century.It was not until lower Mesopotamia became part of a British Mandate at the close of the World War, however, that arrangements were made for a systematic excavation of the site to be conducted by a joint archaeological expedition from the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania and the British Museum.This expedition, with Dr. C. Leonard Woolley, noted British archaeologist, serving as field director, began work at Ur in 1922. It concluded its twelfth and last season of activity there in February, 1934.Because of climatic conditions at the site of Ur, which lies in the great Syrian desert about half-way between Baghdad and the Persian Gulf, actual field work there was restricted to only a few months each year, and the total time which the expedition spent in scientific exploration on the site did not exceed sixty months.During that relatively short period, however, the expedition made more discoveries of scientific importance than any other archaeological expedition of the twentieth century - discoveries which not only add an abundance of strikingly beautiful objects:
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From: The University of Pennsylvania, Bureau of Publicity, Philadelphia.For Release:Horace H. F. Jayne[handwritten underline below his name], world authority on Eastern Art, has been elected Director of the University of Pennsylvania Museum, it was announced last night by Eldridge R.Johnson[sic], Chairman of the Board of Managers of the University Museum.The new director will fill the post left vacant in January, 1927, by the death of Dr.George[sic] Byron Gordon, who was one of the foremost authorities on archaeology and who served as Director of the University Museum for eighteen years.Mr.Jayne[sic] is chief of the division of Eastern Art of the Pennsylvania Museum and acting director of that institution during the absence of Fiske Kimball, the director, who is in Europe. While he will assume the directorship of the University Museum at once, his active work at the Pennsylvania Museum will be continued. He will, however, be relieved of the directorship of Memorial Hall and the new Museum on the Parkway upon the return of Mr.Kimball[sic] in May.Mr.Jayne[sic], whose home is in Wallingford, Pa., has for some time been advisor in this section to the University Museum. Graduating from Harvard in 1919, he spent several years studying in this country and abroad. In 1921 he became officially connected with the Pennsylvania Museum and two years later was appointed to his present position as chief of the division of Eastern Art.In 1924 Mr.Jayne[sic] joined the first Chinese archaeological expedition conducted by the Fogg Museum at Harvard University. The expedition covered Western China and Mongolia and discovered the long-buried city of Kharo-Koto which Marco Polo visited in the fourteenth century. The following year Mr.Jayne[sic] assumed the leadership, with Langdon Warner, a:
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Frs of 3 model boats.
A only at Phil:
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Frt. TC. relief. Nude Fem. full face-H. clasp_d below breasts. Bead collar round neck. Face large&broad-Body disproport_y small.:
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Fr_t
2 deities side by side on a throne
vase & bird in backgr.:
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1
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Fr_t
Fig in high relief (warrior)
climing a mountain- Longcoat open in front, above short tunic. down to knee:
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Fr_t
Presumab_y fish-god [??], bearing male in l. h. One leg expos_d.
cp. U. 15721. Ph. 1551.
Idem
u...: 33-35-51:
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Fr_t
moulded
Plaque
War god holding weapons, adze, axe?
Horned mitre. Bull's ears-
Braids framing formal beard
Id. 16478:31-43-453:
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Fr_t Animal head. Model_d
Two nicks across nose.:
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Fr_t Male w. long beard, low head dr Head & body only. :
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Fr_t Man w. sq. beard flat cap & sleeve hang_g from l. arm. Head & body only. :
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Fr_t (Bed?) relief: 2 birds facing e.o
among branches.
Drab-mould_d.:
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1
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Fr_t - TC. relief
upper part. Fem. full face. Curious
double head_d. Hair elaborat_y ringed. Cloak over shoulders, below bead collar. meeting above breasts
Rosette on left sh.
H. clasp_d below breasts:
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Fr_t Animal (rattle?) bird? Only head & shoulder:
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1
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Fr_t Animal's head.
Light grey:
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Fr_t baked clay model of a saw.
There has been a solid handle at the back. which has broken away leaving only a shapeless protuberance near the top :
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Fr_t Bed.
2 legs & 1/2"
Mattress: Curv_d & zigzag lines:
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Fr_t Bedstead
Drab:
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Fr_t Bedstead:
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1
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Fr_t Bedstead.-Red drab-mould_d
2 birds facing e.o. Styliz_d fish (?)
between.:
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Fr_t Bird's head - drab:
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Fr_t black painted ware - decorated with painted lines. (fleece?)
Fr_t clay fig - Greenish
Buttock in profile
Black paint.:
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Fr_t Body only.
Red-model_d (in round?):
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Fr_t border of plaque Bed.
Relief..vegetable pattern.
Bird:
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Fr_t Broken below waist Nude fem. suckles child, supports it w. l. h, rt. h. against his head. L.h. of Fem. holds her rt. wrist Fillet round head. Earr. & neckl. Twist_d plait of hair on either side of head, & ends in a thick curl on sh. :
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Fr_t buff. Nude Fem. w. ringlet_d hair:
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Fr_t clay boat. High curved prow.
Flat bottom:
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Fr_t clay chariot, red.
Pierc_d for axe & pole-
Incis_d ornam_t w front:
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Fr_t clay fig. Fore part of a buffalo
(TO. painted ware, black paint on greenish drab clay
PFT. c. about 15.00m:
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Fr_t Clay fig. Hand model_d
Male(?) w attitude of prayer
CF. U. 3118
Woman :
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Fr_t Clay horse - Drab.:
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1
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Fr_t Clay mask. lower part only.
Drab-Grotesq.:
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Fr_t drab.
Nude god_ss w. horn & stars:
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Fr_t Drap_d god_ss, hands hold_g breasts Broken middle Su-illa?:
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Fr_t fem:
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Fr_t Fem. Fig. clasp_d:
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Fr_t Fem. Fig. nude, long curls h. clasp_d. Broken below. :
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Fr_t Fem. Lower part miss_g:
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Fr_t Fem. statuette - Arms & head broken. Division of legs (or edge of garment) is an incised line in front (none at the back)
Across the breast a large pectoral ? [drawing]
(or formal beard) or angle of shawl covering the left shoulder.:
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Fr_t Glaz_d TC. Fig. Lower half Nude fem. stand_g(attitude of prayer?):
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Fr_t God. horn_d head_d.
Broken at neck.:
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Fr_t God_ss in long drapery
seat_d on a sheep (?) Facing the tail.:
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Fr_t God_ss seat_d rt. on 2 geese
From waist down:
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Fr_t H. model_d clay fig. in dark
reddish & bak_d
Nude (painted?) fem.:
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Fr_t hand model_d hard baked. Fem? statuette Lower body below belt - Slip over clay.
Robe closing in front. Fringe or shawl marked by slanting line -
Belt to hem of a skirt - Draped - Green clay, burnished surface.
Arch. TO. period.:
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Fr_t Hand model_d. Primitive head.
Beak shap_d nose. Left arm ending in a stump. - Rt. arm & feet lost.
Fig. entir_y cover_d by long arm!
w. thick embroid_d band. U shaped_d front,
V shap_d behind - On it 4 clay pellets (Fr_t, back, & sh.) - Pellet eyes. Garment sharply model_d below waist Hole through middle of fig.:
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Fr_t Head &shou of nude fem. holds...over l. sh. w. both hands
cf. Harpist. 7515 Glazed. EM. H_d model_d Fem. 3150:
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Fr_t Head man wear_g point_d cap.
Drab. :
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Fr_t Head miss_g
Seat_d god. Full face above, profile
below waist. Rt. arm bent, forearm
cover_d by piece of cloth.
Rt hand holds cresc_t shap_d object & bad against breast.
L. hand held upright-Fingers miss_g Kaunakes skirts in 5 tiers of flounces Long beard.-Long arch_d bare feet
Throne w. middle support betw. legs. & low curv_d back.:
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Fr_t Head miss_g Hands clasped-over breast:
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Fr_t Head of camel (?) model_d
Halter or muzzle - Eyes a Hach_d separat _y:
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Fr_t Head of god, 4 horn_d.
headdr. :
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Fr_t Head of god. w horn_d headd. :
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Fr_t Head of godd_ss (cf. 1236):
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Fr_t head of godd_ss (cf. 1236-7):
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Fr_t Head rough_y model_d Drab.
:
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Fr_t Head rough_y model_d Drab. :
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Fr_t Head w. high horn_d headdr:
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Fr_t Horse's head.
Nermal rider & horse:
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Fr_t male head, w. radiat_g
headdr.:
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Fr_t male- miss_g below waist
Head, arms, legs in profile.. Trunk full face. Rt arm rais_d behind head and wielding...? Left arm bent downwards, grasps head of a conquer_d foe?:
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Fr_t Man on horse
Drab, red:
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Fr_t Man on horse.
Drab:
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Fr_t Man on horseback.
in violent move_d turnin_g round.
& attack_d from behind by a lion.
cf. 17152- Man riding donkey:
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Fr_t Mask- white clay:
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Fr_t moulded plaque.
Head of a war god holding at least one curved club in the left
Horned mitre braids formal beard
Bull's ears- on either side crescent & star (of sun/ on poles-(ashera)
Id- 33-35-42:
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Fr_t Mould_d body only Fem. w. neckl. :
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Fr_t mould_d C.T.
Fem. fig. :
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Fr_t mould_d clay relief
Upper part from navel of nude fem. "tambourine player" w. big wig & elaborate head dr.:
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Fr_t mould_d plaque.
Couple: entwined shepherd god & wife leaning on his shoulder.
Wife only- Kaunakes robe covering left shoulder- Right bare.
Hair parted, waved, tied w. a band- Long braids behind ears, falling on breast.
Lunate earrings-
3 st. chocker:
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Fr_t Mould_d TC. mask.:
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Fr_t Nude Fem. Bead_d triangl. Head, should, feet miss_g:
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Fr_t Nude Woman(=1148) lower part miss_g..:
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Fr_t Nude woman. Broken middle. :
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Fr_t of a clay jar neck-5 grooves outside-short inscription inside: capacity in pint(sila) measures of the container: 189 q2 also: 172/1272/77/192/189 :
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Fr_t of baked clay animal fig.
[31-16-945 & 31-16-742 & 31-16-998] green clay w. black bands.
A: tiger 998 stripped body very long. head. f. legs missing
B - hind quarters of a pig. 945
C - Fore part of a buffalo. 742:
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Fr_t of bed
Relief: duck as in 1247:
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Fr_t of clay fig. w. traces of paint:
nude fem. fig. of normal type but very flatly modell_d: 2 large tresses of hair at the back. hands originally planted on sides :
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Fr_t of fem. painted statuette - Broken at waist and feet -
Belt painted black - Pubes
Fr_t fem. fig. in green clay. with black paint belt. :
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Fr_t of grotesq. mask:
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Fr_t of Incense Burner. Clay:
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Fr_t of man statuette - Painted ware Gray. green. clay. Baked hard -
Elongated deformed head -
Left lifted to mouth. level
Right hanging - broken hand supporting or touching the thin end of a long straight slick like beard (?or flute) hanging in relief below his mouth.
The whole covered with a flaking slip painted with black lines on the back.
Horizontal in front
Al'Ubaid -
Cp: Slate shell inlay - Kish (Anliq. 8. VI. Ur
Oct. 1928 p. 417) -
[255 circled in middle of note]:
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Fr_t of moulded plaque
War god. in r. :round head_d club
in l. curved scimitar. w lion's head ending.
usual horned mitre, Bull's ears, locks braids framing a square beard.
Robe of hide: Kaunakes-Flocks
resemble daggers of spearheads mounted on a string (coat of mail):
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Fr_t of painted fem fig - Legs. - Feet broken
Broken at waist. Painted belt & pubes
Preserved from waist to ankle
Greenish clay. Belt in black paint:
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Fr_t of round 3 leg table- stamp_d relief.
Flying dove before shrine gate- in an orchard:
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Fr_t of statuette white calcite Trunk of drap_d fem. Fig. standing w. h. clasp_d below breasts. (Gudea style?. Embroider_d shawl):
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Fr_t of TC. model chariot-Part of the curved pole reinforced by metal rings.
CF. U. 1252:CBS 15708 Dq Toy Chariot:
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Fr_t of TC. relief
cf. 16475:
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Fr_t of zoomorphruase [?]
w. the headd of a ram in the round
The eyes & locks of the fleece are appliques in clay slabs.
(U. 17186 31-43-353
Ram's head. Same fleece. technique- Hollow - applique fleece):
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Fr_t Plaque relief-Roaring lion's head.
Heavy leather necklace.:
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Fr_t plaque-Lower part.
2 men stand_g against spiral
column, & hold_g it by hand.
the 2 columns may repres_t doorway:
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Fr_t red clay relief.
Fem head & breast & part of another fig. :
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Fr_t red. mould_d
Head & body. Beard_d man. hold_g whip (?) in rt. h.:
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Fr_t relief. Two embracing Fig
(=1308) - Stand_g-carry nothing:
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Fr_t Rt. sh. & arm. man hold_g
staff surmount_d by bird:
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Fr_t Seat_d fir. in long cloak,
h. clasp_d U-shap_d collar. Hair beaded globules flowing down over breast.
Head miss_g.:
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Fr_t sheep (?) profile
head & fore legs miss_g:
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Fr_t TC relief. Fem. full face, nude, holding & suckling an infant. Broken at waist.:
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Fr_t TC, fig-
Beard_d deity. Grotesq head, pellet eyes-Long beard Flowing onto chest.
Circular- open work pendants round foreh. (?)
High head. Top missing-
Lower part. of arms":
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Fr_t TC- relief. (God on war chariot
Field card: " Shamash? & 2 minor gods?:
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Fr_t TC. Beard_d man running rt. & hold_g an axe. :
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Fr_t TC. Beard_d Offrant w. kid.:
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Fr_t TC. fig. drab. mould_d
Fem. flounc_d dress-Sitting on
chair in profile (=1375):
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Fr_t TC. fig. Missing below waist
Goddess supporting vase against breast
water flowing on either side-
Wig down over ears & supports large lunate earrings [?]
Fillet round forehead w. 2 taenias on either side of face reaching to breast
Double string of beads
Conical headd. rising in tiers:
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Fr_t TC. Fig. Whitish Nude fem. broken at knees. no eletail :
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1
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Fr_t TC. hand model_d-
Hum. head w. big coil_d ear r.
Cloak worn over head & Falls on each side. :
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Fr_t TC. Horse & rider
Head of " " & legs of horse missing.:
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Fr_t TC. horse & rider
Heads & legs missing :
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Fr_t TC. Nude fig. waist down. Man advancing rt. Good model_g:
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1
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Fr_t TC. plaque. Head missing
Godd_ss in kaunakes skirt, holding long necked vase, from which water flows on either side. The vase rests on a low stool (?).
Behind the throne is a goose
Bau type. :
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1
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Fr_t TC. plaque. Lion in profile.
Head missing. Curling tail.:
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1
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Fr_t TC. plaque. Warrior trampling on foe.
Clothed in short coat down to the knees. :
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1
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Fr_t TC. ram h. Nose & front perforat_d possibly to hold an axle on wheels. Body & most of base missing. :
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1
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Fr_t TC. relief Hd model_d
head of godd_ss betw. 2 ears of barley?:
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Fr_t TC. relief. Upper part, beard_d male. Facing rt.:
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Fr_t TC. waist up.
Beard_d God. w high crown, full face hold_g club:
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Fr_t waist up. Fem!
Drab:
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1
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Fr_t whell
Buff:
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Fr_t Woman scat_d on chair.
From waist down.. Flounc_d skirt.
on peg behind for popping up:
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Fr_t- tambourine player.
Broken below waist
Gray cl. :
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Fr_t-Fem. waist up w. Drab:
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1
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Fr_t-mould_d.
Head of beard_d man w low.
headdr.
Reddish.:
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1
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Fr_t-Point drawing on clay tablet. smooth surface bordered w. incised straight lines sketch of a bearded human head with a horned head dress. :
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Fr_t-upper- Fem. nude against a cloak over sh. thrown back to cover field behind. Elabor_e H ress_d hair, neckl. coild brac. H. on breasts. whitish:
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Fr_t. Beard_d man hold_g sheath in left hand.
:
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1
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Fr_t. Clay relief. From waist up.
Fem fig. w. head dress.:
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1
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Fr_t. drab. Head& neck only on Flat backgr. Grotesq Fare, head cover_d w. long flow_g wig. cf. 16475:
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Fr_t. Fig. waist up, drab, mould_d Nude fem, low head_d, neckl. :
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1
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Fr_t. Head & legs miss_g
God hold_g mace upright against
front of body. Dagger in belt, bangle on wrist.
Ribbons of hair or wig(?) falling
down onto breast:
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1
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Fr_t. Horse's head.
Decorat_d w. incis_d rings:
|
1
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Fr_t. Lion?:
|
1
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Fr_t. TC. plaque- Model of decorative panelling (?) :
|
1
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Fr_t. TC. relief. A bed. on it two people copulating lower part of fig. only:
|
1
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Fr_t. TC. Waist up.
Beard_d God w. high crown, Full face. hold_g 2 clubs. :
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Full color post card of the Wester Towers of Westminster Abbeyartist Charles F Flower:
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Funds available for Ur Excavations- Archaeology$1,321.07($188.20 of this will have to come out of the publication budget as the royalties were misapplied sometime in the past):
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F_t. drab clay fig. Priest heavily drap_d. Long blue beard down to breast. Head & feet missing. Votary of the moon-god. W. crescent on relief- tattoed?)on the right shoulder. Hand modelled Fig. in the round, deeply incised. - shawl over left shoulder.
:
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general assistant I have Mr. Murray-Thriepland, who has done a little archaeological work & is a trained geologist as well. As the season is a short one the architect will receive £100 as salary, a considerable saving on last year, & Murray-Thriepland as a beginner works without a salary & I have also arranged to economise a lot on his [illegible] expenses: so the staff will be a cheap one. We have no [?epigrapher? epigraphist?], but I doubt whether one will be seriously wanted, & I shall try to arrange for a 'visiting consultant' as was done last year.:
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givings. It was a tremendous relief, when on the first day here we walked up to the old dig, to find that the earth was exactly as we had left it and that there had not been the least attempt at plundering our potential gold-mine. Ur is a lonely place and the Arabs are a lawless people; that a guard of four men should guarantee such immunity as few civilized countries could have afforded is a remarkable tribute to the influence of Sheikh Munshid.We have reason to be grateful to him. Work had to be carried out systematically from the top to a depth of five or six yards instead of from the exposed side of last year's cutting, and it was therefore some time before we could say whether the \"dagger grave\" had been exhausted: now we are well down in the filling of the shaft and can see how well a plunderer during the summer would have been rewarded. A large and heavy gold tassel bead an inch and a half long, elaborately decorated with applied filigree work like that of the dagger, is the finest individual object as yet; besides this there are hundreds of gold beads and pendants, gold and silver ear-rings, masses of beads in carnelian and lapis lazuli, and a number of small shell plaques engraved with animal scenes or inlaid with geometrical patterns, probably to some such object as the gaming board found last year. These things are all lying in confusion, having apparently been flung into the shaft of the grave as it was being filled up with earth; even now we have not reached grave level proper and may at any moment light upon something more important than anything yet discovered.The \"dagger grave\" belongs to the earliest period represented by the superimposed cemeteries; in digging through the upper levels we have cleared during the past fortnight a hundred graves of later date and in those also have found very much of value. Gold objects have been numerous, beads, rings, ear-rings, head ornaments and so on, but the most remarkable feature has been the series of cylinder seals, finer than anything that the site had previously produced; some of these are real gems of workmanship stonecutting and rank high as works of art quite apart from their importance to us as:
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Glazed fig.
Beard (?) man in plan long drapery.
H. clasp_d
Head miss_g
Red_sh clay - Green blue glaze
bleach_d white. :
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Glazed Frit
Amulet Pendant
Hole Moulded
Duck.? :
|
1
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Glazed Frit-Small jar stand Round hole in top-Triang. opening in sides:
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1
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Glazed. Fig. Man on horse back. Blue glazed bleached to white. One leg missing. :
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Glaz_d frit. amulet bleach_d white Egypt. Bes :
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Glaz_d TC. fig. lower half of nude Fem. :
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1
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Glaz_d TC. Fr_t Lost above waist Nude fem. :
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1
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God & God_ss advance_g s.by s.
From waist up:
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1
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God & God_ss id 17127.
Broken off middle:
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God & god_ss seat_d. S. by s & embracing- Both long flounc_d dress & flat cap. :
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1
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God & god_ss(?) advance_g
full Front. Seem to embrace.
God: long kaunakes garm_t dott_d circles on field.-
Most of god_ss, & god below knees miss_g:
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1
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God stand_g. Full face.
h. at breast, carry_g objects
salt encrust_d.
Feet miss_g:
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Goddess enthroned. Poor:
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1
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Godd_ss w horn_d head_d
Long curls to sh. Flounc_d coat
v
[[Su-ill-la]]:
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God_ss (?) stand_g on back of lion.
advance_g rt.
Lower portion of mould_d relief
cf 1777
1463:
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Gold vessels and implements:-Fluted tumblerOval fluted bowl, with engraved rosette on baseSpouted lamp or fillerPlain circular bowl1 large and one small gold chiselsSpear-head and shaft with gold and silver mountsGold ostrich egg, with inlay decorationsGold sawCopper halberd with gold mountGold works of art and jewellery:-Diadem of gold charms, on background of lapis beadsHead-dress of the queenGold cockleshellDrinking-pipe, decorated with lapis tubular beads4 gold frontletsSet of gold toilet instruments2 gold pins, with lapis and gold headA number of finger-rings and 'boat' earrings, large and small, golden pendants and beads in a number of necklaces.Silver vessels and implements:-Large jar, broken3 oval bowls, plain1 oval bowl, with inlay of electrum strips7 fluted tumblers1 long spouted jug and 1 lampSilver shellSpear, with shaft decorated with gold and silver mountsSpear head and buttSilver works of art and jewellery:-Silver bull's head with lapis decorationsSilver lioness' head, similar:
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good deal of work to see to. The present suggestion is that I should writea proper preliminary report on the season'sresults for simultaneous publication in the Journalof Egyptology & in the Museum Journal orwhatever other medium you prefer. Does that suit you? Of course it won't be ready for sometime as (1) my notes have yet to arrive, and {2} there will be a great deal of cross-references etc. toto be looked up in other publications. This preliminary reportwill be archaeological only, the full publication of inscriptional material being held over for the finalvolume or volumes.I'll write quite soon about other matters thatrequire your opinion. Yours sincerely C Leonard Wooley:
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good house( with a large garden) which I share with an old friend = and as his 3 sons & daughter come often for weekends, and we have a tennis-court to which they invite their frinds, I have plenty of society, & young society at that. I'm so settled down now that I have lost all desire to travel: which takes me, very occasionally to France or Italy, but for the most part I stay here contentidly; certainly I have no intention of going East again, and the Arab countries have lost most of their old charm. The ruins at Ur are still on view - though some parts haven been re-buried by the drifting sand,- but would seem very melancholy today, and I do not want to revisit them! After all, I'm old - even though I don't feel it so very much - and old age ought to be quiet, and really I have everything to content me. You asked for Freya Stark's address; well, I'm not sure where she is at this moment, but I think she is at her home - Villa Freia, Asdo, Veneto, Italy; it is still her headquarters and I believe she is there at work on a new book;: she is an admirable writer but a bad corrospondant, and I've not heard from her for a long time. I'm a bad corrospondant myself but am glad that your letter has inspired me to write to you, recalling as it did so many pleasant things in our past work. and I do hope that things go well with you- and please give my best regards to Miss Allen too.YoursLeonard Woolley:
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graph which you sent me; it is the Mr. Woolleythat we knew eighteen years ago. I wish thatsome of us might be able to say the same ofourselves.With my best regards,Very sincerely yoursSecretaryC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.The British MuseumLondon, England:
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Great Courtyard Square[numeral 2 in circle]
<p>B. Second. ie (middle) Pavement <br /> There was about 006 m of mud between this and the upper pavement. Size of bricks 30sq x 006 and 30sq x 007. On the whole these bricks were more yellowish in appearance than those in the top pavement. The middle pavement had a bitumen covering. It had subsided considerably in many places. Several of the bricks bore stamps of</p>
<p>C. Third. ie (bottom) pavement. <br /> Bricks similar in appearance to those in second pavement. <span style="text-decoration:line-through;">Several bore brick stamps of</span></p>:
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Greenish clay- stern pierced, Miss_g. :
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Grotesq- Pierc_d eyes- Drab clay
Moulded. convex relief- one horn broken
Perfort_d pupils:
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1
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Grotesq. beak nosed fig., close fitting
coat w. high collar.
pressing lamb against breast.
Cap w. thick lining.:
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1
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Grotesq. Fem. fig. Lower part only:
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Grotesq. Fig. Baked clay. H. model_d left arm missing. Male fig. Flatl_d head pellet eyes, coarse nose, rounded chin- Holds vertical_y against breast
a thick stick w. hooked top.- Body hollowed inside to receive a holder. X Man holding scimitar. Press_d on breast w. the r. hand. Left broken away. Hand model_d hollow, to be mounted on a pole- Archaic. Nos pinched. Pellet eyes- one missing. Head depress_d above- bituinem wig?- Round thick neck. No visible beard. Painted: Broad square shoulders. Arms added peice- Body cylindrical. Band of clay round head suggests turban.
:
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Grotesq. Male fig. missing below waist
:
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1
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Grotesq. male fig. missing below waist:
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1
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Grotesq. mask. Pinkish.
pierced For suspension:
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Group. Beard_d man l. embracing nude fem wearing high lunar headdr. Above: crescent. Behind male: staff w cresc_t top.:
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1
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Gudea _ IIId Dyn Ur Stone-heads:
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1
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H - model_d
Goat stand_g - w. head thrown back.
:
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1
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H. model_d - clay ramish
Fleece done in applique (pellets):
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1
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H. model_d clay fig.-
Animal: on the Flank. incis_d signs
[cuneiform symbols indicated]
H. model_d clay Fig. Animal: on the Flank incis_d signs:
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1
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H. model_d Crude. :
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1
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H. model_d crude. clay fig.
Animal on rt sh: incis_d sign
[cuneiform sign indicated]
H. model_d crude. clay Fig. Animal on rt sh: incis_d sign:
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1
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H. model_d Fem. Drapery indicat_d
by incis_d lines. Crude.
Legs & body broken off below waist.:
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1
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H. model_d head. made separate_ly w. a peg For insertion in a body.
Rudiment_ry owl. like Featur_s
w. holes for eyes:
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1
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H. model_d in round Beard_d man- Body below waist & arms missi_g:
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1
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H. model_d m round. Beard_d man- body below waist & arms miss_g
:
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1
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H. model_d miniature Human Fig w. head, rudimentary arms & shapeless trunk Left arm miss 2:
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H. model_d miniature. Human Fig w. head, rudimentary arms & shapeless trunk. Left arm miss_g
:
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1
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H. model_d Snow.tech.
Nude fem. stand_g Full face.
l. arm miss_g
Head very small, big hair waves
Breasts applied-
Triangle much exaggerate_d-
coming almost to the ground.
with no legs-
Salt encrust_d.:
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1
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H. model_d Snowm tech.
Nude fem. fig
Arms. legs & breasts miss_g:
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1
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H. model_d, bak_d
Runn_g animal :
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H. model_d. TC. Fig. w. elaborate head-dress. perhaps based on the Egyptian.
Broken at waist.:
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H. model_d_ Crude.:
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H.B.M. Consulate General Beirut. Jan 15. 1921
Dear Gordon
I was very glad to get yours of Sept. 2 which reached me a little while ago. Many thanks for your congratulations, but they had, owing to circumstances, a rather ironic taste, for my work is now badly hung up. I came out at the beginning of October to restart excavations, only to hear on landing that Carchemish was in the hands of the Kemalist Turks & that access to it was impossible. Ever since then I have been living here in the hope that matters would so far improve as to make a spring season possible, but as yet there is little to justify my hopes & I may have to go home again fruitless. It is more than disappointing, after my excellent results of last year, to be debarred from following them up in due course.
The second volume of Carchemish is in the press now & I have material for more, but don't want to publish it until further digging has settled various doubtful or unfinished points; the site is so rich that the full publication will run to [last line missing - not on page 2 either]:
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Hair tied in a band, and hanging locks covering shoulders - passing behind ears Kaunakes robe. w sleeves covering arms choker - Belt.:
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Hair, low forehead, top lock, wrinkles per for_d eyes. grim, showing teeth, heavy fold about mouth corners, pug nose, nostril holes:
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half leg (if standing) . Rows of small dots. might be fringe of undergarment or the floor under feet
Across the lap: 2 pointed objects (end of a stela?), attributs held in hands - (No hands or arms visible!
On either side, 2 bands of circular
rosettes - one on each shoulder; connected by a narrow band in relief behind the head - (might be earring or curls)
Ground. is row of dots in relief.
x
= Ishtar - Kilitum of Ishehala
Idem U...: 31-16-881.:
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Hand model_d
Battle Ft.
Head only
Head of cluck - goose? -
Beak. eyes. head well model_d
Incised feathers :
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Hand model_d
Broken at neck In round & waist Hair band-L. p. horns mitre-conical. Masses of hair behind ears, on shoulders horizontal incises_d lines. Round face, large eyes, meeting brows. Strong fleshy curved nose, lips-Protruding chin, dimple Necklace(Type gold pin)
Hair band -
4 ? p. horns mitre - conical
Masses of hair behind ear, on shoulders horizontal incis lines.
Round face, large eyes, meeting brows.
Strong pleshy curved nose, lips - protruding chin, dimple
Necklace (Type gold pin) :
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1
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Hand model_d
Fr_t Glazed?
Lions head - Mouth open, teeth showing
The mane builds a collar setting off the head - Mild expression - rather weak. :
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1
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Hand model_d
Small vase in pig form.
Opening in bac
Snout turned up - Pellet eyes - Hair incis_d parted on back - 4 feet drawn together
(tied?) :
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1
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Hand model_d - Rattle
Pig - short fat body. Snout - Piggish eyes and short ears
2 legs broken
Rough hair incis_d parted on the back
Still close to wild type - No tusks showing:
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Hand model_d. Amulet Hole :
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Hand model_d. fig. Mak. w. long beard and pointed tall cap inclined forewards
Arm & legs missing. :
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Hand model_d: Bull passant - 3 lines of votive. Inscrib_d w. name of Man [cuneiform symbol indicated]. (REC. 316). agrig_d Narmar diviner (overseer) of Nannar.:
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Hand-model_d
Fr_t Fem? Head & body only.
Greenish.:
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Hand. model_d -Fr_t - Broken feet & head
Pack animal - camel? - w. pack saddle (houdah) on back. :
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Hand. model_d Beard_d-man-Draped over l. sh. mark on rt. nude shoulder Left to breast-Rt. broken-pinch_d nose-Pellet eyes:
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Hand. Model_d. Beard_d man. Draped over l. sh. {drawn crescent} mark on rt. nude shoulder Left to breast- Rt. Broken- Pinch_d nose- pellet eyes.
:
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Hand: model_d, grotesq. nude. Woman {crossed out "Male?"} Beak like nose, heavy neckl. no breasts - Belt - Below pudend_a triangle-
Arms & body below waist miss_g:
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Handwritten at top left is the word file.Numeral 1 is centered and circled at top of page. April 22, 1927 is handwritten at top right of page.L. Legrain CuratorThe Museum's share in the results of the Fourth Campaign at Ur[phrase underlined], 1925-1926Summary Report.--Boxes of Antiquities send from London...11.--All objects entered on the accession book of the Babylonian section under the No. C.BS. 16205 to 16500and [ditto marks] C.BS. 16518 to 16663 = ......... 442 [small notation to right that is too small to read]One no. in the accession books may be repeated on several similar objects, like the 170 small clay plates, The total of objects may be between 600 to 700.Details[word underlined][odd notation too small to read] Metal--Gold[word underlined]-- Ring-studs-nail-plated magnesite knob 4 No[?]Silver[word underlined]--Lotus flower cup......1--Pendant embossed + lapis.....1--ring.....1--beads and fragments....2--silver staves....7--Pipe's fragments...1[total listed on right side of page is 14]Copper[word underlined]--small head of woman....1--Solid statuette, basket carriers....2--Razor, adze, fork, Fibulae, Knife, bracelets,rings, tool, needle, chisel, arrowhead, coil, bodekin[sic],star, vase, bowl, nail, ingot, staple.....33[total listed on right of page is 36]Lead--one label....1[total listed on right of page is 1]Iron--Knife, dagger, arrow...3[total listed on right of page is 3]:
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handwritten at top of page [for Philadelphia]A curious discovery made at Ur in January of this year seems to point to further connection between the religious ideas of the Sumerians and those of the ancient Hebrews. We are excavating a temple built about 3000 B.C. in a corner of the terrace on which stood the Ziggurat of that time; it had been rebuilt perhaps three centuries later, but of the new building little remained except the boundary wall and the mud-brick floor of its court. Into this floor there had been dug pits, three rectangular and one round, very neatly cut and filled three of them with clean soil of a reddish tint and one with the same red soil above but in the pit's bottom with rough gypsum blocks measuring up to four feet in length. The gypsum must have been brought from a great distance, it is carefully laid in courses, and the cost and labour [word xed out and illegible] involved imply that the purpose was an important one; there is nothing below the stones, so that whatever object they served was above-ground, but the loose light soil covering them proves that they were not meant to strengthen the foundations of any heavy structure. The Sumerians had the custom of bringing clean earth for the foundations of a sacred building; here the pits are quite small - the largest, that containing the stones, measures only fifteen feet by twelve - so that there cannot have been actual buildings over them, but they would serve perfectly as foundations for altars standing in the court; for the stone we have nothing to help us in the Sumerian texts, but we do know of the Hebrew custom of building an altar with unhewn stones. In this case the stones are not in the [word altar misspelled as latar] itself but beneath it, but a discovery made at Ur two years ago shews that a temple might owe its sanctity to being based:
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Handwritten at top of page: UR EXPED. Stamp which reads REF COLLHandwritten down right side of page: Expeditions--Ur (Iraq)THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUMUniversity of Pennsylvania33rd and Spruce StreetsPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaU.S.A. 19104-6324TO: Douglas HallerArchivesFROM: Gregory L. Possehl [handwritten scribble, possible Greg, beside name]DATE: April 24, 1992I was in Boston yesterday and the day before. While in the Archives of the Museum of Fine Arts researching Chanhu-daro I came across the attached letter, which relates to both Chanhu-daro and Ur. I would like you to place it in our Archives, preferably in both boxes.The letter is undated, but internal evidence in Boston shows that it was written on about July 8, 1934. This is accurate to within a day or two. The letter is a holograph from Langden Warner to Edward Jackson Holmes (\"Ned\"), then Director of the Museum of Fine Arts. This is a follow-on to a letter from Warner suggesting that Richard Starr be integrated into the Chanhu-daro excavation team.The first line of the second paragraph mentions \"Tomita\" who was then Curator of the MFA's Department of Asian Art. The remainder of the document is rich and self explanatory.cc: Robert Dyson[stamped at bottom of page: DIRECTOR'S OFFICEAPR 24 1992UNIVERSITY MUSEUM]:
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handwritten note in pencil at top of page: look up photographsStanmore,164, Kew Road,RichmondMay [?18?], 1934Dear Miss Cross,Thank you so much for all the trouble you have taken about the Ur double Pipe and for the information you have given me so accurately. The increase in size of the 3rd hole (letter C) [?pair?] the [2 illegible words] is most interesting and confirms my view of the scale used. I am glad sections 6 and 7 have been found and added to the precious relic. Would you kindly mark on [?enclosed?] paper length[word underlined] of No.6?May I ask another favour? You say that at the ends of the broken pieces (either one or other) there were traces of holes. I quite see that between 1 and 2, but was there also a trace[word underlined] between 2 and 3?Is there also a trace of a hole between 4 and 6 (the [?new?] bit) and is there any mark of an 2nd[word underlined] hole on fragment 6?I should like to be absolutely sure as to the original number of holes, 5 or 4: the pipes are so small in the bore that they may have been played one with each hand anglewise[word underlined], like the later Egyptian pipes and the Greek [word written in Greek] but if there are 5[word underlined] holes they must[word underlined] have been played in parallel[word underlined,:
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Handwritten note:like Mr Bliss' might well help.I'm just off to Canada. Mrs Woolley will be at 655 Park Avenue, New York.Yours sincerelyC. Leonard Woolley:
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Handwritten note:Ur things that are already unpacked. They would be delighted and might prove most useful in getting to the exhibition ?? from the govt. I did speak of it to Mr President who didn't rise to the bait! But really we ought to get him over to ?:
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have already: whether transliterations also are required I don't know but think not: Burrows certainly urged only the necessity of the hand copies being available. I'm writing to Gordon too, but you can explain better what is required so I put it more fully to you.Yrs SincerelyC. Leonard Woolley [script signature with flourish]:
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have been mounted on a base to form a standard.The gold bull's head & the set of shell plaques go together, the latter being set in the chest of the animal; this is from the King's grave (PG 789). The harp is not yet finished but I send photos of the sounding-box, which is now done - also decorated with a gold calf's head.I send better photos of the gold vessels, all of which have been straightened out when dented; other photos will follow. Our exhibition here opens on June 22nd & some of these photos will appear in the press then so do you please release as you think:
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have encountered buildings of the early period whose excavation might well require a whole season's work.The Ziggurat, which was simply a mound rather higher than the rest, now stands up isolated as a building which completely dominates the site. On three sides it rises sheer, on the other, the NE front, three great staircases lead up to the top of the first stage. The central stairs have lost their treads, but the other two flights retain most of their hundred steps and these for the most part are well preserved. Of the upper stages not a great deal is left, but there are sufficient indications of the arrangement of the building for Mr. Newton to have worked out a restoration in which little but the details can be called conjectural.The whole of the lower part of the structure is due to Ur-Engur, whose ziggurat underwent little change or repair until the New Babylonian period; on the top we have identified a wall, that of a temple or, more probably, of a platform, belonging to Ur-Engur's original plan, the corner of which of which has been dug into by Nabonidus in his search for foundation-deposits, but it is impossible to reconstruct the scheme of the earliest building. A remarkable point is the relatively high level occupied by the ziggurat, whose foundations are very much above the level of the original plain; it was built, from the outset, upon an artificial platform, and it is justifiable to assume that this platform conceals the remains of an earlier building, probably itself a ziggurat.Nabonidus did no more than repair the lower part of the ziggurat, raising the level of the stairs to correspond with the rise in the surrouding ground levels. On the top, he completely remodelled the building, burying the remains of Ur-Engur's work under his new terrace stages. His upper structure seems to have been curiously irregular. The three flights of steps converge to a point almost (but not quite) in the middle of the NE front; but the entrance to the shrine, and the stairway leading to it from the lowest side, were on the south-east. The terraces were not strictly uniform, and the height of the ziggurat was greater at one end than the other, and the shrine, the highest feature of the building, was not in its centre. I enclose a few photographs of the ziggurat, but the plans, as I have explained, are not yet complete and therefore cannot be submitted to you for the present. Mr. Newton proposes to finish these in England.I feel that I ought not to end my last report on the season's field work without expressing my thanks to my staff. I suppose that to Mr. FitzGerald, as a volunteer, I ought to feel especially indebted, but as a matter of fact I cannot be more grateful to him than I am to the others for their unwearying assistance and good companionship. The season's programme has been a fairly laborious one; they made it both possible and pleasant.Trusting that you will be satisfied with a report which is necessarily hurried and incomplete,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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have taken in this affair, to which we owe much for their safe transit. I have not yet been able to go through them completely, but it appears there is not so much as I hoped of Neo-Babylonian material for Figulla, but at any rate there is some. Much Old Bab., apparently, of which we have a great quantity already--I don't yet know what is to be done with it, or how.The printers are now on the last stages of your Ur III vocabulary, you will be glad to hear.Thank you again, and all good wishes.Yours very truly,C.J.Gadd.[underscored]:
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have the same circular printed over here, because it reproduces th[?e?]title-page and one page of text from the book, and to have the lastpage left blank so that you can print on that whatever form of ad-vertisement is most suitable to your purpose. When you see the cir-cular you will, I think, agree that thisis best, and if you cableme your decision and the number wanted I would send them out togetherwith the requisite number of plates. As regards the book [typewriter spell correction letter k] itself, I shall of course send you specimens as soon as the first copies appearbut shall hold back more than that until I know your wishes aboutbinding. That question is slightly complicated by the form announ-cement about the book being sold at the British Museum etc; here you might wish to add something (compare the same entry in al 'Ubaid ). There is as yet no news from Iraq about the character of the proposed Antiquities Law, but time passes and it looks very much as ifa season would be impossible. One awkward small complication has </xxxxx>arisen: we have of course a good deal of stuff in the Expedition housewhich it would be a pity to lose, and I have asked our agents at Basrato pack all this for me and store it in case of our closing down thedig, and I have just heard that they cannot undertake to do so. I havebrought back a few things, but all the house equipment, books, [typewriter spell collection m, overwritten with comma] clothesand and architectural outfit are there and would be costly to replace. I must try to devise some way out.Please give my best regards to your wifeYours sincerely, C.Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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have to consider. We are anxious for financial reasons, to proceed with printing, and to get some of it set up in the next few months.You have most liberally agreed that it is desirable to reduce the length of the MS. as it now stands, in order to avoid too bulky and expensive a volume. It seems to me after examination of the material, that this curtailment might be achieved by a single expedient which would not, in my opinion, much impair the value of your work, and would not lose any of the information which you have extracted from your study of the tablets.:
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He carries whip over right shoulder
She rests her right hand on his left shoulder
Both wear kaunakes 7 tiers robe, leaving right arm & shoulder bare (Exomiole)
He has turban, beard, whip
She: horned mitre, lunate earrings
3 st. chocker, curls on shoulders. :
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he would fall in. Do you think you could get cabled instructions as to your Museum's views?No, you are quite wrong: I shall not be at the Oriental Congress. Orientalists and Orientals are in my opinion better dealt with individually than in mass: my reasons you see are practical, not sentimentalThe head of Shub-Ad is as you say remarkable: several ladies of Levantine descent are already claiming it as a portrait but I expect you have guessed the right one.Glad you are enjoying yourself. Let us know when you have specific instructions from Philadelphia. We will accomodate[sic] ourselves to you as to time etc.YoursSidney Smith.:
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Head & rt. h. only
mould_d-Red
cf. 20048 Ph. 2285
Bes like, bandy legg_d:
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Head miss_g. Beard_d male; a dancer rt. club in rt. h. Short skirt to knee. :
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Head of beard_d male- w. animal
ears. bearing a mace:
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Head of fig. Dark clay. Hand model_d. Snowm. Tech.
:
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Head of god_ss wear_g a h. horn_d headd.
Concave back.:
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1
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Head of horse: Fr_t :
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1
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Head of man in point_d cap
Eyes applied :
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Head of ram, damage_d
Fr_t green clay:
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1
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Head only- Fine_y model_d-Tall head dr:
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Head only- Mould_d
Drab. [Horn_d god- bull's ears- club]:
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Head only. Camel or horse?:
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1
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Head-
Brown-well model_d
[cf. 2872, 2933]:
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1
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Head- Grotesq - Lower part of beard miss_g-
Pellet eyes - Sharp ridge to nose. Lower part of face incis_d
Thick bandeau round head. :
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Head-Beard_d-god-High crown (horn_d?) Fat features. Small mouth & narrow beard.
Duplicate. 18211 A. Ph. 2228:
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Headless-Fig. Long drapery l feet H. clasp_d-Heavy work-Male?:
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Heads of 2 fig. one w horn_d head. d.
Drab, mould_d :
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Here wrong photo of 1336
See Ph. 189
U. 1336
Nude, bejewelled, clasped standing. Hold a round ampulla-
Hair parted waved-
Turban three lines of beads w central piece (bull's head, frog, beetle)- Veil (or hair) above turban.
Lunate earrings-:
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High comb divided in 5 rays.
Three [drawing] one [drawing] one {drawing]:
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High up in the hard stratum of broken brisk & rammed soil. Larsa period TC. relief :
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Hole in nose of prow.
Clay boat- derided by a thwart with central hole for mast.
Both compar_t filled w. white colour.:
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Hollow pig. Crudely model_d
Larsa?:
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hope that You may have seen Your way to utilise by a further grant the Staff & equipment now on the spot at Your disposal. In view of my announcement that I must close down the Expedition at a date considerably earlier than was expected, I ought to submit to You the fact that the original time estimate allowed for a rainy period of anything from 3 to 6 weeks during which field work would be impossible. In fact, only 1½ days have been lost through rain, and perhaps as much again through wind; we have not had the free time for working over our material which we anticipated, - and such would have been as valuable as welcome - and with my whole gang continuously employed money has naturally been spent faster than had seemed probable. On the other hand, of the money spent, £240 has gone on the building of the Expedition house, and I shall leave behind an almost complete outfit for next season to the value of just over £400, so that the preliminary expenses then should be very small in comparison.Trusting therefore that, though the shortness of my season may come as a surprise, You will appreciate the reasons for it, and will be satisfied with my financial statement,I have the honour to be, SirYour very obedient servant,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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Horse - one ear & legs miss_g
Traces of rider -
Greenish:
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Horse head & neck:
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Horse head & neck. w. hands of lost rider on neck. :
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Horse's head. Large.
Traces of bridle or halter.:
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Horse. head & neck.
Drab. model_d:
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H_d modell_d Body of a man: upper nude- lower drapd. Arms broken. Perhaps left to breast holding a dagger. :
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H_d modell_d Body of a man: upper nude-- Lower drap_d Arms borken. Perhaps left to breast holding a dagger. :
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H_d model_d - Nude Fem - Arms broken
Large necklace - Pellet eyes
Large breasts Brok. at waist.:
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H_d model_d bearded man. Holds curv_d scimilar in left to breast Rt Hanging- Robbed. oval base. :
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H_d model_d bearded man. Holds curv_d scimitar m left to breast. Rt Hanging- Robbed. Oval base.
:
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H_d model_d Fem. fig-Bandoliers (stola) crossed on breast-Arms broken-clasp_d?:
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H_d model_d TC. fem fig. w. reptilian head of Al'Ubaid. type
from waist up:
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H_d model_d TC. fem.fig. Nude standing full-face-Legs missing. Hands clasped before breast.:
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H_d model_d TC. fig. Fem. full. Face, huge wig. holding object to breast w right hand complete from waist upwards.:
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H_d model_d-standing-Robb_d-Fem. Necklace-Cross_d. Bandoliers(stola) Hands extend_d Forward-square base Pinch_d nose-Pellet eyes:
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H_d model_d. Fem. Fig - upper nude
Pressing breasts - At angle-
Necklace 3 incisions - Pellet eyes missing..:
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H_d mod_d. Fem TC. Fig. Nude - Sharp nose
Enormous locks & heavy necklaces.
Arms and body below waist missing.
breasts broken off. :
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I am and how much to be congratulated on the successful outcome of a very long endeavour. We are at present living quietly here, & go up to London on May 2 for two months, to watch over the Ur objects.After that bit of news everything else must fall flatâat least to me nothing else seems worth talking about. I shall later on write to Mr. Harrison a full programme for next season; work, which will include the complete excavation of the cemetery (this is at the SE end of the Temenos) \"Al-Ubaid\" will be out next month. Gadd makes steady progress.Yours sincerelyC. Leonard Woolley [script signature with flourish]:
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I do not find the letter from Dr. Gordon to the Trustees of the Musum referred to by Sir Fredrick Kenyon, It was, I think, sent by Dr. Gordon from London to Dr. Harrison:
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I have employed my enforced detente here by a study of Phoenician stuff, on which I'm getting out (in Syria) a preliminary article which contains some new conjectures on the history of this part, to be confirmed, I hope, by later discoveries. Otherwise my activities have been limited to publishing a more frivolous book \"Dead Towns & Living Men\" which seems to be having rather a success at home.I met the [?MacIvers?] in the summer & heard from them of Mrs Coxe's death: of [?Name indecipherable?] I had learnt before. It is a great grief to me; I was most fond of them both and their loss makes Philadelphia very different in my thoughts of it.I should like to know how the Museum progresses; I have heard virtually nothing. Moving about a lot as I do, I get greatly out of touch with things, & my work leaves little leisure for reading about what is not strictly to the point. If things don't clear up in N. Syria, I thought I might possibly come over to the States in the autumn & give some Hittite or Near East lectures - I don't know whether such would go down well, but if a few places like Philadelphia & Chicago took the thing up it might be worth my while:
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I have had an inquiry from the Treasury as to minor details, which implies that they are not going to make any difficulty on the [?main ones?]. From the Colonial Office I hear that they have asked the High Commissioner of Iraq to send his answer at latest by the air mail leaving Bagdad on Sept.. 2nd. It will therefore probably not be here before you[?r?] start. Do you want to be notified by cable or will a letter suffice?Yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon:
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I have little doubt that this it is the missing tomb belonging to the grave-sha[ft] described by me in my last report, that in which were found the golden harp and th[e] decorated chariot drawn by asses, and that queen Shub-ad was the wife of the king buried in the plundered vaulted tomb. Certainly the contents of the upper grave-sha[ft] seemed to show that it belonged to a woman rather than to a man, except for decorative examples in precious metals there was a striking lack of tools and weapons, and the utilitarian simplicity of the bullock waggons in the tomb is identical. It would seem that the king died first and was buried. Later the queen died and was to be laid as near to her husband as might be, so the old grave shaft was opened and excavated down to the new tomb. The workers dared no dig lower in the shaft area, as the disturbance of the soil would have betrayed them, but they could not resist the temptation to break through the vault to where the richest treasures were to be had for the asking.They did so, and masked their ill-doing by placing the great clothes-chest over the hole: the queen's piety occasioned the violation of her husband's grave.:
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I have not yet been able to take any steps about forming a staff for next season, as I'm waiting to know what you propose about it: I might get hold, in Newton's place, of a Yorkshireman named de Jong, now in Athens, an architect who has worked a good deal in Greece & Crete & is quite excellent. But I need to know your plans. I think that's all now.Yrs sincerelyC Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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I have paid in £1250 to the Eastern Bank for the coming season, in addition to some small contributions that have been received. Will you make your corresponding payment for the first half of the season?Woolley starts next Monday (the 11th). The rest of the party will meet him at Beirut.I hope you are prospering.Yours sincerely[signature] F. G. Kenyon:
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I have put in to the Oxford Press the material for some 260 [illegible] illustrations & a fair number of drawings: also about a third of the [?complete?] text, that third including most of the statistical work. Keith has been ill, away from London & not allowed to have [?anything?] to do with work: so I have made no progress in that direction. He is however going to produce a [?description?] for the book. Dr. [?Plenderlieth?] of the Museum laboratory will do a:
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I hear from Mr. Lee Keedich who isorganising my lectures that he is in communication with you and arranging that I shall come first of all to Philadelphia: I shall bring my wife with me and hope that if I am to go far afield she may rest a while in Philadelphia. She proposes to give some lectures too, but I don't want her to overdo her strengths.You will next hear from me, I hope, from Ur.Yours very sincerelyC Leonard Woolley:
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I hope President Harrison's health is improving.Yours sincerely[signed]F.G.Kenyon:
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I hope that the publication of this year's reports will arouse interest, & I must try to get the Press keen. We have done very well, I hope that before the dig ends we may do still better.Yours very sincerely[signed] C. Leonard WoolleyI do hope that your Ur exhibition will be on when we arrive!:
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I hope you like the antikas.Legrain has finished, with Gadd, the work of dividing things, & I think you will be pleased with your share. I expect you will want a cast of the 'milking scene', which goes to Baghdad, & perhaps of one or two other things. The exhibition is a great success & draws large attendance, which is all to the good of archaeology. I am giving broadcast:
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I saw Mr. Van Buren and Mrs. J. Dohan this week in London, but I refrained from any comment on the division till I reported to you. The best I could say is that we were both very satisfied.Sir Frederic Kennyon and Dr. Hall expressed themselves in the same manner.Both expressed their wish that they may see you on your next visit to Europe.Yours very sincerelyL. Legrain.:
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I shall be glad to hear how your plans develop. Yours sincerely[signature] F. G. Kenyon:
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I suppose that the chief question that remains is under what auspices the initial volume or any other volume should appear and what imprint they shoud have and how the publication and the distribution should be handled.The only suggestions that occur to me now are the following.The series of publications to be issued by the Joint Expedition and carry the imprint of both institutions, each volume to be prepared under the supervision of the Director of the Joint Expedition with the help of those best qualified and most familiar with the work. The books to be manufactured in England whre such manufacture is cheaper and one half of the edition to be placed here and the other half in the British Museum; the sales in England and Continental Europe to be taken care of by the British Museum and the sales in America to be taken care of by us, a price to be agreed upon which would make it the same in America and Europe£ sales in other parts of the World to be taken care of by whichever institution happens to receive the order.Another way to handle the distribution would perhaps be for both institutions to renounce their practice of handling copies direct from their offices and place the whole matter in the hands of such an organization as the Oxford Press which would take care of the manufacture and the sales; the receipts to be shared equally by the two institutions.These are only thoughts which have occurred to me without much consideration and which will need talking over. You may have something quite different to propose. I feel sure that everyone here will be satisfied with any plan that promises success.I cannot say at this writing that I shall be in England this season. Perhaps we may be able to meet in London at a time convenient to us both to talk over this and other matters of interest.Very sincerely yours:
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I trust that I am not imposing upon you, but you can readily understand any reluctance to depend upon newspaper reports for his bibliography, etc.Very sincerely yours,Bennett Hal, Edward H. Heffner:
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I will write a separate letter with regard to the Chinese sculptures.Believe me,Yours sincerely[signature] F.G. Kenyon:
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I would like to call your attention to the following items in the original list marked by you & returned herewith.Page 3. [Inserted] Hieroglyphic Texts. Part VI just out, has been addedPage 4. Carchemise[?]. Part II, 1922, addedCuneiform Texts. Parts 1, 12 & 26out of printPage 5. \"Description of the Ancient Marbles\". Large Paper edition ordered but several volumes of the L.P. edition are out of print.So the Small paper edition has been sent right through. This will save you several pounds.The only difference between the two editions is the width of the margin; type & plates otherwise identical.Page 6. Designs from Greek VasesOut of PrintPage 18. Schools of Illumination,Part IV, 1922 addedPage 19. Oriental MSS[?] Part IIsent in one volume:
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I'm hard at work preparing objects for the temporary exhibition: there is much to be done. The most difficult job is preparing a copper statue of a bull in the round which was found in lamentable condition: I have had to do all the work on it myself, as it [?scratched out word?] required [?novel?] treatment & there seemed nobody quite qualified to do it: I hope it will turn out fairly respectable but don't yet know, as the beast is still swather in its wrappings, & all my work hitherto has been done from the inside! I hope to get the exhibition open early next:
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Ibex. 2 legs broken.
cf. also - 31-43-352: Traces of hands & feet - same rump
" - 31-16-965 - smaller - same traces
"- 31-16-966 - larger - Head broken
same rump - feet below belly
mare - 35-1-120 long mane
35-1-121 long mane
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Idem
31-43-362
Couch- hand model_d- Stamp_d relief undulating lines.. river & fishes between banks- 'brick paved'- Rug design-:
3 feet broken.:
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Idem 31-16-832
"-834 "-848 "-835:
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Idem.......duplicate.
:33.35-39
31-16-921:
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Idem:31-16-844
31-16-840}feet on brick
31-16-840}feet on brick
31-16-941:mould of feet:
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if it were not carried on to the end.My best wishes to yourself and my salaams to Father LegrainYours very sincerelySidney Smith.:
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If you cannot raise a sum similar to your contribution last year (of course you will remember that the greater part of the additional £500 raised by you towards the end of the last season is still unexpended), will you let me know what you can do? We will then cut our coat according to our cloth.Possible we can help you in the matter of staff. Woolley appears to have asked whether you could supply two men, a cuneiformist and an architect with archaeological training. For the former we shall be very glad to have Legrain, and his assistance will be very necessary. But for the other place Woolley has heard of a man named De Jongh who seems suitable; and as he is at Athens, and would start from there, there would be a very considerable saving as compared with a man who had to start from and return to America. If however you have a man whom you wish to send, we shall be only too glad to have American cooperation in the matter of personnel.If you can cable results, so much the better, as Woolley will be able to make his plans so much the sooner; but if fuller particulars are necessary than can be given in a cable, it cannot be helped.Yours very sincerelyF.G. Kenyon:
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if you like, to-morrow about 11 a.m. yours faithfully [signed]F. G. Kenyon:
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If you should be convinced that the requirements will call for the larger number estimated upon, we will of course be prepared to bear one half of the cost in any case.I hope that you enjoyed your trip in the Orient and that everything continues to go well with you.Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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II ISupplt to Reports of Nov. 20 + Dec. 6Recd Jan 5/28The last fortnight at Ur proved no less successful than the earlier weeks and the results justify a second report even after so short an interval. The Joint Expedition continued its work on the cemetery, but after a while the objects found were so many and the attention required by the most important of the graves too up so much time that the bulk of the gang of workmen had to be transferred for a week to the xxxxxx great courtyard building which is really the second objective of the season's campaign where they could clear surface rubbish almost without supervision while the staff with a few men could concentrate of the second of the royal graves of Ur.The actual body of the king was not found by us, - probably it had been plundered by tomb robbers not very long after burial, - but the grave yielded a variety of objects which might well atone for the loss of the royal person. The first object found was a harp. There turned up a staff-head of gold, and then several copper nails with large gilt heads; careful search disclosed a hole running down into the earth from the side of which nail-shafts projected into the void left by the decay of the original wood. A stout wire was inserted and the hole filled up with plaster of paris and thus a cast was made of what proved to be the upright beam of the harp with the remaining nails, which were the keys, in their correct positions: the beam was bound gold below and ended in a shoe of bitumen, probably employed as a non-conductor of a sound. The base of the instrument was boat-shaped, of wood edged with a narrow band of gold and lapis lazuli, and on it stood the sounding-box from which the twelve strings had been stretched to the upright beam. This was of wood, also completely decayed, but its exact form was preserved by the inlaiy border of red, white and blue (haematite, shell and lapis) which the hard soil had kept in place; it was a narrow box rectangular on three sides but raking forward in front to end in a large calf's head of gold with top-knot and formally curled beard of lapis lazuli and shell and lapis eyes: below the front beard the front of the box was decorated with shell plaques engraved with mythological scenes and coloured with black and red paint.:
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ii. 2.outwards, their feet to the centre; two of them were children, the rest apparently women and all dressed alike, at least each wore on her head the same elaborated head-dress, crescent-shaped gold ear-rings grotesquely large, a veil held in position by a slender copper pin, over the veil a sort of net of narrow gold ribbons which crossed on the top of the head and ran in two bands across the brow, and between these two bands a double string of lapis and carnelian beads from which hung gold pendants in the form of mulberry leaves: there could be little doubt that these women were the harem of the dead king. It was a curious point that they had with them none of the objects which appear uniformly in common burials and can be regarded as the necessary equipment for the next world: but that such lack was not due to poverty is proved by the richness of their head ornaments. It must be that they, like all the others buried here, were subordinated to a common purpose; it was not their grave but the king's; there was no question of supplying their wants in a future life because they died expressly to satisfy the wants of one greater than themselves; the women wear their gala dress to wait upon their lord, and for one of them to have so much as a drinking-cup for her own use would have bestowed on her just that individuality which the whole aspect of the grave denies. For there is no suggestion here of the faithful servant dying and being buried with his master. The grooms at the asses' heads were killed in cold blood, they were chattels which the king took with him in case he might have need of them hereafter just as he took his silver and gold vessels, his heavy copper adze and the set of spears with golden heads and shafts bound with gold and silver bands, and he took his women just as he took his gaming-board and dice. In one part of the shaft area we found no objects of any kind, and here there was a rectangle of large rough limestone blocks bedded in clay; it was only one course thick and it sloped down from the side of the cutting towards the centre of the grave, and it may well be that this was the altar on which were sacrificed the human victims to the king's majesty.:
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II.Remarkable as are the objects discovered in the royal grave at Ur at least an equal interest attaches to the conditions of the discovery and the new light it throws on the early burial customs of the Sumerians. The grave of Mes-kalam-dug was merely a very mucg [sic] richer version of the normal type; here we have something totally different from the hundred of graves which we have dug in this cemetery, something which not only hints at but most dramatically proves the existence of rites and ceremonies about which later tradition is silent and archaeology had hitherto revealed nothing.I have described the chariot with its decorations of gold and silver, drawn by two asses; at the head of each ass lay the groom, an if still holding the reins, and a third lay by their side; the whole group reminded one of the description that Herodotus gives of the funeral of a Scythian king, though whether here the animals and the men had been impaled as in Scythia or merely killed and let lie in their places there was no evidence to show. On three sides of the \"clothes chest\", under the offerings that were piled against it, we found human bodies, not decently laid out for burial but huddled up as if death had smitten them suddenly: the body at the end of the chest seemed to be that of a person of some standing, for round its forehead wad[sic] a frontlet composed of beads of gold and lapis and two lengths of gold chain and there were gold ear-rings in the ears; perhaps the Keeper of the Wardrobe carried on his duties to another world.In a shallow trench sunk in the floor of the main shaft a little to one side of the chariot lay the bodies of five men and a sixth on the trench's edge; these had nothing with them to shew what service, they were to bear for their dead master. Right at the far end of the shaft stood the harp with the golden calf's head, at the head of another shallow trench which stretched up to the spot where lay the asses of the chariot, and in this trench ware thirteen bodies. One was crouched up against the harp, the arm-bones actually mixed with the decayed wood of the sounding-box, - the harpist playing for the last time; the others lay stretched out in two parallel rows, their heads:
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III Dyn?
TC. head of fem wearing bandeau line of wavy hair-Locks on shoulders
[cf. u . 15322 given as Ph. 1552?]:
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III U.3224. Bur-Sin, gate socket of Dub-lal-mah. III U.2668 or 2833 or 6323 Sieli-Adad BrickU.3020 Warad Sin found. tablet (or 3021 if better preserved) III U.3147 Kurigalzu brick . E-dub-lal-mah. III U.3019 or 3022 Kurigalzu . foundation tablet. III U.2758 . Kudurru ; Specimen photo of best part of text, etc. III U.2674. Sin-balatsu-igbi. Green serpent gate socket III U.2757 \"[quotation marks to above line 'Sin-balatsu-igbi'] Clay pedestal. III - Cyrus brick. (as Museum Journal. Dec. 1925 p. 306, but could the lower right corner be made rater clearer?) [drawing of two lines forming a lower right corner and shaded in with squiggles]These are the specimens that have suggested themselves to me, but they are offered only as such. You may find some of them unsuitable for photographing, and there may be others which you:
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in Chiera's text (his \"Sumerian Religious Texts\" pp. 21, 22, esp. his quotation on p.22. mar-tu e nu-zu uru-ki nu-zu). The (German) land of Amurru ought soon to be spurlos versenkt. 'It never will be missed'!:
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In filling of PG. 1524
Snake's head. TC. Fr_T:
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in Philadelphia? if so, would you please send me a photo of it, & its dimensions, & state what U number it bears? if it is not forthcoming I must delete it altogetherâbut it does[word underlined for emphasis] exist somewhere!Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [with flourish][there is a sketch below the signature. It is not identified, but looks like it might be of the object described in the letter.]:
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in September, by which time my work on the English side should be welladvanced. In order to economise Expedition funds would it not be poss-ible to arrange for me to give three or four lectures the fees for whichwould cover my expenses? or to have public lectures in Philadelphia forthe same purpose? the best time would be late September or the secondpart of October.This week there is to be a conference of the heads of archaeologicalmissions in Baghdad; I find it difficult to leave Ur for the necessarythree days, but consider it essential to go; we hope to secure muchbetter co-operation in this country than has ever been attempted in E-gypt and the results ought to be well worth while. I shall be glad tohear how the other expeditions are getting on.I expect to close down March 15, after a season of full nor-mal length, and to leave a few days later.I hope that you were pleased with the Museum's share of objectsfound last season.With my best regards,Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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In the autograph texts, there are one or two places where I am relying on your help. If you will look through them you will see a few pencilled appeals for aid, which I hope you can supply. In particular, there is a small cone of Nur-Adad of which I have been able to give only a half-copy. I think you have the materials to supply the rest.As to the photo. plates, I hope you will in general approve: I have not used quite all the photos. I collected, but these seem to me the most successful (I wish Entemena were better, but the resources of Baghdad are limited). They are only a few. inscrr. which it has possible to give in photo. only, most have copies as well, but I hope this is not superfluous.With this I leave you to the revision: doubtless there will be only too much still to settle when you get into it, but that \"business to-morrow\". You see even this instalment has left me no room to do more than hope you are fit, and braced to see the awful corpse this book borne in again!Yours very sincerely. C.J. Gadd.:
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In this calculation I have followed your line of statement, which is based on an exact equivalence of contribution by the two institutions in 1924-25. My statement in my letter of July 31st differs only in this, that it was based on the offer made in your letter of Jan.20th,1925, that your last remittance of £250 should be taken as an extra contribution, over and above your half share. Your offer was no doubt made in the belief that the money was urgently needed to prevent the season from coming to a premature close, and that our funds were exhausted. As this was not wholly the case (since our authorized contribution nearly, though not quite, amounted to half the actual expenditures of the season), I shall not complain if you prefer to revert to the original basis of exact equality; and though I believe the statement in my letter of July 31st represents more clearly the facts of the case (ignoring temporary advances made by us in excess of our authorized contribution), I have no objection to accepting your basis of calculation as amended above, if that is more convenient to you.For the current year we shall be able to make our full contribution of £2500, if required.With regard to payments outside the actual expedition, the amounts due from you to us are: Half cost of casts for Bagdad 15. 19. 3 Casts for Philadelphia 28. 3. 5 Copy of card-list of antiquities 2. 1. 0 [subtotal] 46. 3. 8 Less half interest accrued and profits on sale of reports 16. 14. 11 Total due 29. 8. 9OK:
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in which case he would not need detain any object attributed to Phila. of which London should want a duplicateWoolley remarked that the head of queen Shubad is a work of art and property of his wife, which might be lent to the Univ. Mus. and exhibited as such. This is capital argument if you do not want to retain the reconstructed Sumerian head. And who does ?This is all, with best regards and love, till we meet againYours sincerlyL. LegrainNB- Returning the \" [Duke?] Univ. Press \" paper which was addressed to me by evident mistake and ought to go to Dr. J.A. Mason:
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Incense burner-cubical trough on l. feet- Incised geometrical pattern lines & dots-Hand modelled.
Found against heavy Larsa wall NW-SE on the SE side of Ningal shrine:
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Inchbroom.Gerrard's Cross.Bucks.August 3. 1924.To the Director,Sir,I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statement of accounts for the working of your expedition during the financial year 1923 - 1924, and venture to hope that they will meet with your approval.Since my return to England I have been engaged in the safeguarding and repairing of the antiquities now exhibited at the British Museum and in the preliminary publication of results. Owing to the delicate nature and condition of the objects it seemed necessary that I should do dome of the work on them myself and personally supervise the repair of the rest; consequently until July 15 I was in attendance at the British Museum virtually every day, and had little leisure for writing; I venture to think that the results justify this expenditure of time on my part.The discoveries made by the Joint Expedition have, owing to their great importance, obtained unusual publicity. Speaking only of England, apart from my monthly reports issued in the \"Times\" and other papers, and a number of Press articles dealing with the exhibition now open, special articles have appeared or will appear in the \"Times\", th[black hand written blotchy-P-shape]e \"Illustrated London News\", \"Discovery\" (2 in each), the \"Radio Times\"; also the two official reports in the Antiquaries' Journal; and lectures in London (Central Asian Society; this will also be published in the Society's Journal) and Bath, and for the British Broadcasting Company (relayed to all stations in England and Scotland).I have begun work on the final report of Tell el Obeid.Dr. Legrain called upon me in London, and I made with him provisional ar-:
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InchbroomGerrard's Cross.Bucks.July 28. 1924.To the Director,Sir,I have the honour to submit to you my estimate for the expenditure of your Expedition during the season 1924- 1925. The total amounts to £4250.In making this estimate I assume that work will be carried out on much the same scale as last year, employing about the same numbers of men and producing about the same results. I have allowed for the architect being with me for the whole season and being paid at the rate of 21 per diem, since I have as yet nothing certain to go on, and in the item for travelling I have allowed a flat rate of £90 for each person each way (this on the basis of last year) and an extra £120 for Dr. Legrain's expenses to and from England and America; should the architect also come to me from the U.S.A., another £120 will have to be added to the estimate. I have further allowed for the cost of bringing the antiquities from Iraq to London, an item that did not appear in my estimates for last year.I sincerely hope that the estimate can be passed, as it is based on the cost of the maximum of labour employable; most of the overhead charges cannot be reduced very much, and any serious decrease of the grant means cutting down the number of workmen and therefore overhead charges proportionately greater, a most uneconomical measure. The cost of Jerablus foremen is indeed considerable, but they are worth it, and this year, when the whole of my staff will be new to the work, they will be indispensible. I really ought to have allowed for the purchase of some more decauville plant, but hope to obtain this without exceeding my estimates as they stand.And I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient servant,C. Leonard Woolley:
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InchbroomGerrard's Cross.Sept. 12. 1924.Dear Dr. Gordon,I have just received your letter of Sept. 5 concerning the coming season at U. I am glad to hear of Dr. Legrain's start, and note what you say about his travelling expenses; I had already quite understood that Dr. Legrain would rank as second in command of the expedition & would take charge in the event of my absence with power to draw on the funds of the expedition.As to expenditure. When I first heard of the new arrangements and it seemed probable that they would result in the total fund available being only £2500, I felt bound in common honesty to refuse to take out the expedition, since with that sum it would be impossible to obtain any results whatever, and the money would be thrown away. Later I secured a renewal of the gift of £250 made last season, and things looked more hopeful; now I am trying to raise further funds by private means and may be able to finance the expedition adequately. The fact is that I had not exaggerated overhead expenses, and any economies, given the same staff, would be at the expense of the men's pay-roll, which is no true economy. Actually circumstances have enforced on me a saving in the staff which I sincerely regret;- I have failed to get the services of Mr. de Yong, and as with a budget so greatly reduced it seemed unfair to take out an inexperienced architect (who would be pretty expensive and only relatively useful) I decided to do without an architect at all. It is a bad thing to do, on principle, but in the circumstances the wiser course. It means a saving of £400 on my estimate.You speak of possible economies and instance the guards, for whom I put £250 as against £60 paid in Egypt. In Egypt one generally puts in two guards to look after the house during the absence of the excavators and the figure you quote is normal. In Iraq five men are employed all the year round. The duty of these men is to protect the personnel of the expedition, the house, and the site. No guards employed by myself would accept that responsibility or be of any use; their value depends on the tribal sheikh who is personally responsible, engages the guards from his own tribe, and has to make good any loss due to their failure to perform their duty. For this he has to be paid, and one half of the guards' money goes directly to him; it is paid to the men and collected from them by the sheikh. Before making this arrangement I consulted the local political officer, and he agreed that it was the most effective & cheapest form of insurance. As to its results, I can say that last sum-:
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InchbroomGerrard's Cross.Sept. 21. 1924.Dear Dr. Gordon,I have just received your letter of Sept. 10. As to the copper objects, I did not originally know that the division of these had been left incomplete, but was told so later; the reason was, the uncertainty whether you wished to have things that had been mended here or those that were still in their condition as taken from the ground. Today I have seen Dr. Hall and he deputed Gadd to finish the division with me; as a result you get five copper bulls, reliefs, and one in the round.The repairing of the last is the great matter; it is now in hand and will, I hope, be finished before I leave; it is a very difficult and delicate job and one that could not really be left to anyone who did not know the thing beforehand. The B.M. bull is better in that it has a head, whereas your bull will have a head of plaster cast from the B.M. specimen; but the body of yours is much better, and the general effect of it is finer. The two are a very fine match as regards v value. of the [thirteen overstruck (over or by) an unreadable word]bull reliefs found, Baghdad gets two, the B.M. five and you five; you score here in that one of the B.M.'s is only a fragment with no head, while all yours have heads (one is broken off but there) and otherwise the two lots are equal, the choice having been made alternately; also each has one loose head. As regards repair to these; I do not think it necessary that all should be done by the B.M.; the work is purely manual, a matter of removing the encrusted dirt and wax by scraping with a small chisel and a scalpel, and backin[g] the relief, if necessary, with plaster, and filling up holes with the same. Anyone can do this with proper care and patience and a light hand. For the exhibition here we had only four cleaned (this included the two Baghdad ones), and one bull in the round; I think that if the B.M. cleans one of yours as a pattern that will suffice, and the rest can be done just as well in Philadelphia. Your inlay panel of bulls has been fully repaired, and all your copper vessels have been chemically treated, and should be all right, though of course they will have to be carefully watched. Your painted pottery pieces have been mended, - not the plain. You will have just as much stull to shew as the B.M. put out over here, except that you will have ready only one d drum of the mosaic column instead of two.I answered all your other points in my last letter, except that of sending fortnightly accounts; this I shall do.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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InchbroomGerrard's CrossSept. 17. 24Dear GordonAs to the Antikas, they are all right from the British Museum side. I brought back also a silver dish which was found in a hoard with other objects already in the Museum: so I shewed all the things & advised them to take that dish & a terra cotta which was of interest to Joyce's department but nothing much in itself & a terra cotta for the Greek dept. This was done & I said I'd send the rest along to you.As to the prices, I've quoted to you of course the same as to the B. M., thus the ring cost me a bit over £100 (about £105 at the rate of exchange) & I had to spend a:
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Incised pottery fr_T probably of vase-standing fem. fig. w hands raised r. & l. with open palms-between serpents? [ostrich?]
Nude breasts-long hair tied in loop at back of head-Necklace-Bracelets Robe-:
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indeed, but not the pocula sacra which we used to drain from the originals, and which have rather spoiled us for lesser mouthfuls. But we are all well, and looking forward to when it may be possible to begin putting back, a task which, as ever, will be so much more arduous that breaking up, which was done in hardly more that days, nearly 6 years ago, grande mortalis alvi spatium.Being now installed as editor of a non-appering journal 'Iraq' I am like the rhetor Aristides with his four walls and three benches. If you have anything, or know of anything, suitable as a contribution I should be glad to consider it, although there is no assurance when 'Iraq' can resume, for even the paper is a difficulty at present.Might I ask, unofficially, whether any progress has been made with the project of finishing your III Dyn. Texts in America? I heard from Dr. Vaillant about it in 1942, and after some delay answered in June of that year but having heard nothing since, I suppose the plan has been dropped. All good wishes, from Yours sincerely, C. J. Gadd:
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Indexes, adding to the proof the notes which you had made upon the copy which you sent me, and, as was inevitable, noticing a good many more details for myself. Some of these, which were obvious misprints and the like, I have tacitly corrected, but I now send you an indigestible paper of 'Queries'? Will you go through it, if you can reasonably soon, and let me have your answers? I think the queries all explain themselves.Next will come the Vocabulary: this I have not yet revised, but, since the outcome is likely to be similar, may I send you a later list of Queries refering to this?Last will be the Catalogue, not yet(of course) in type. It is premature, [illegible strike through] no doubt, to discuss this: I will only say that I expect you realize it is virtually out of the question to print it in its present extension. I should be immensely obliged to you if you would reflect:
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ing and to sell the remainder; as soon as this was done the guards could be paid off and all commitments stopped. The main job would be to return to the Iraq Railways, if they so desired, the light rails and sleepers lent to the Expedition in 1924; the transport of all [word crossed out] this to the railway station would cost a little money, but I hope [word crossed out] that the Railways may decide that the material is useless to them, as indeed it is. So as things stand, if the Iraq government is sensible we have done nothing to hinder the expedition taking the field; if it is obtuse everything has been prepared for the winding up of the whole thing In the mean time i can get on with my publishing!Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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interest in archaeology. This surprises me very much; but he quotes for example the President of the Geographical Society of Philadelphia who'd told him that Philadelphia people were not at all interested in this particular expedition! Mr Keedia had wanted me to give some public lectures in the city, apart from those in the University, and I gather was quite unable to arrange anything at all. Which is very queer!:
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interested in making equal lots and fortune decides. This is safer than choosing in turns , where the man who has been arranging the collections knows at once how to select the best; while the new comer does not. This was agreed upon.We next heard about tomb group , and how necessary it would be, to keep such groups together. C.L.W. is the father of the idea. Sir Fr. K. endorsed it to a certain extent. Dr. H.R.H. thinks it is diplomatic to keep a certain amount of groups. G. and S. who have to do the practical work with me think that it is a lot of nonsense and very difficult in practice when you must balance unequal groups. Much easier to put all the seals together, the pots together the copper or stone objects together and divide them.Sir Fr. K. was as usual most cordial and friendly but here too I discovered that post ponement would have:
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interesting article, and beautifully illustrated.yours sincerelyF. G. KenyonP.S. I suppose Woolley will be back about the end of April. Will you let me have your views about publications by then?:
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into the volume during the years 1947-1948, if possible. You told me some time ago that you now have an improved version of this Catalogue, which you will no doubt wish to substitute for the manuscript of 1939.The only other necessary addition should be lists of numbers, publication and field-numbers. It seems to me, however, very desirable that Museum-numbers also should be given, which of course would necessitate division of the tablets before publication, and in this the Iraq Museum is principally concerned. I assume there would be no difficulty on your side in holding this division (which would have to take place in Philadelphia) if arrangements can be made with the Iraq Museum.Yours ever,C. J. Gadd.:
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inue. The tradition of her worship on this site seems to have endured throughout all later times until the destruction of Ur; most of the buildings dating between 3000 B.C. and 1400 B.C. have been ruthlessly destroyed, but enough remains to prove that they did exist. The most striking of the ruins is a deep brick-lined well first sunk by king Ur-Engur in the twenty-third century B.C. and repaired by later rulers down to the time of Nabonidus in the sixth century B.C.; we found undisturbed in the masonry the eight clay tablets whereon one of these late rulers claims credit for his pious work of restoration.Excavations below the old Royal [word x-ed out] Cemetery have produced numbers of archaic tablets and the impressions [word x-ed out] on clay jar-stoppers of ancient pictorial seals, and at a lower level were found graves of the so-called \"Jemdet Nasr\" period, hitherto scantily represented at Ur, from which we have obtained fine examples of the painted pottery of t hat[sic] age, beads and seals, and over a hundred stone vessels. One of the latter was decorated with figures of lions and bulls carved in relief; it is a well-known genre, but this example is of particular interest because it is accurately dated and, I think, the first to carry back the motive to the first half of the fourth millenium B. C.C. Leonard Woolley.:
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IpswichHARVARD UNIVERSITYFOGG ART MUSEUMCAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S.A.[illegible handwriting, probably an identifying library or archival notation for the document][handwritten date, different hand than letter: July 8, 1934]Dear Ned,Thanks for your prompt answer to my note about Dick Starr.I have just seen Tomita and realized that there was one point I didn't raise which seems most important to both of us. That is that--as the money is American--there should be somebody of your own on the field staff.By this I don't mean for a moment to suggest that the funds[double underscore under word] might be peculated[?], but I do think it quite probably that the credit would be peculated[?] and the knowledge & experience of that field sacrificed:
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iquaries' Journal, but to me this has never seemed satisfactory,and I heartily agree with your suggestion that the Museum shouldpublish its own results for the benefit of the American side of theExpedition's supporters.I am now hard at work preparing last season's objects for ex-hibition; there is a great deal to be done but the results will be excellent. The interest of the public in the Ur excavations is Ithink further illustrated by the fact that I have been asked to givefor the all-England broadcast a series of six lectures on the methodsof field archaeology with special reference to Ur. I hope later onto make a start towards the final publication of the Cemetery.With best regards, believe me,Yours sincerely,[signature] C Leonard Woolley:
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is a Tell el Obeid pot & required for the volume: the others are from Ur. Many thanks for sending them.I am having sent to you (1) copies of all the last season's plans and drawings of tombs: (2) a complete set of photographic prints : & (3) the beginning of a list of sub-titles to the photographic collection. These will I trust be useful.Yours sincerely[signed] C. Leonard Woolley:
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is inevitable, and I am satisfied that each Museum willhave a very fine representation of the treasures of theRoyal Cemetery of Ur.It now remains to complete the electrotyping ofthose objects which have to go back to Baghdad, and alsoof those among your share of which we wish to keep copies,as well as of those among our share of which you wish tohave copies. If all the electrotyping is to be done here,it will be some time before it is completed, as it isnecessarily a slow process. Some has been done already,but much remains to be done. I have asked Mr. Legrain toinquire whether this work cannot be equally well done inAmerica. If it can, then the whole of ovur share could besent to you without delay, and you could supply us with theelectrotypes that we desire.Mr. Woolley leaves to-day to resume excavation,travelling by way of Stockholm, where he is to lecture, andleaving Damascus for Iraq on Oct. 18th. He will thereforebe getting to work in about a month's time. I have receivedyour cable approving his programme, and have authorised himto use his own judgement as to increasing the rewards forthe diggers./I:
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Ishehalr
Illust_d London News
Sept. 5. 1936. p. 388.
Fig. 5 - TC relief. BC. 2000 - Age. Abraham Bearded God - bust - on top of palm tree,
1. hand. overhead of small fig of a child - goddess. horn_d mitre. rt. h. up, left down hold robe like palm leaf ( or bunches of dates), 2 stars above -
Fig. g - F_t lime sto. stela.
Armed god - stepping fore, on step - tilt. open
worshiper - plain Gudea shawl
Fig. 3 - TC plaque.
Armed God: bow, quiver, saw - knife, Mitre - beard
chignon - open pleat_d shawl - kilt -kills Prisoner - hands boundback - Nude bust - breast
Bell. Kaunak. skirt - Flaming sun face, extra Cyclops eye in forehead. ( Puzuzu. w. [drawing]:
Fig 1. TC. in the round. Arch. Men & Woman. pellets - Applied beard. Turban. necklaces Incised - carry kids - Fem - rt. arm hang_g - l. arm to waist
Fig.11 - Two large cauldron vessels. Snakes biting men - Bulls. Dog - Masks Birds.Turtles
Sept. 21. 1935 -
p. 175
Fig. 5 TC plaque from temple.
man riding humped bull - Nude profib chest front - R_t raised holds club - left on hump. Seating on hind quarter, Belt - knee up. and bent. Heel back.
Fig. 6 - TC - Goddess Ishtar - Kilitum - facing - arms horizontal. pulling at necklaces Five of them in tiers - below pearl.strings round the neck - 3 heavy curls on side face, 2 braids hang_g Horned mitre - band - small curls on forehead Herringbone background Tassels. Fringed shawl raised over both. arms hanging as drapery in front [drawing] Half figure on brick shrine
Fig. 6 - TC. Goddess Shuilla Mitre. Kaunakes between. 2 armed warriors profile - curv_d club. & mace: Turban. short kill - straps over shoulders.
Fig. 4 - Stone vase - with - crouching moufflon - inlaid eye - - spreading horns:
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It falls to me to inform you owing to Dr. Hall's absence in Egypt. With the compliments of the coming season[?Believeur?]Yours faithfullySidney Smith.:
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it is far more likely that they have broken in by some other way.I hope to report to you more fully next week, but trust this preliminary announcement will satisfy you of the historical value of the discovery: and in the meantime I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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It was an article for the North American Review: \"the Atlantic Monthly\". I am rather anxious to know what happened to it. I also wanted to send a copy of the Museum Journal to Miss Bell and to Mr Cooke of the Awqaf. I don't know whether you had time or opportunity to send it- It would certainly be useful for our good name- IIYou know that Woolley has a lady assistant but unfortunately since she broke her collar bone in the middle of December, she has been laid up, slowly recovering and and not able to do more than to grace our mess by her presence.We had the visit of two American professors. Albright from the american school in Jerusalem, and professor Dougherty from Baltimore who succeeds to Dr Chiera as annual professor of the Baghdad branch. The latter with two camels, one dragoman, two mounted policemen is supposed to survey the desert and identify lost cities. He does not talk arabic, but is full of good will. I suspect that he was anxious to settle down in our camp too. But I gave no encouragement to the idea. My last year experience is over sufficient. This is the end of gossips and scandals. How I long to here more from you. I was sorry to hear that Mrs Dam had so much troubles again-. Please thank for my your young assistant Miss G. Bruckner for her Xmas card and give my love to all the staff with a good share for you. Yours Sincerly. L. Legrain:
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it, to Philadelphia at once, or shall we wait and send them with the objectsdivided in 1928? With Best Wishes for the New Year,Yours Sincerely,H.R. Hall:
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Jackal:From burnt brick box. close to Temenos wall below surfac-W. corner of KP:
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JAN 5, 1925[?indecipherable?]Kenyon CopySTATEMENT OF PAYMENTS MADE BY THEUNIVERSITY MUSEUM, PHILADELPHIA ONACCOUNT OF THE JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND THE UNIVERSITYMUSEUM AT UR. TOTAL APPROPRIATION FOR SEASON 1924-25, £3,000. 0. 0 ------------ UNIVERSITY MUSEUM'S SHARE £1,500. 0. 0 ------------ Sept. 8. '24 - Remittance to Eastern Bank, Ltd., London.........£750.0. 0 Travelling expenses, L. Legrain..................162.0. 0 Salary, L. Legrain, six months..................397.10.0 Dec. 30. '24 Remittance to Eastern Bank, Ltd., London 190.10. 0 ____________ £1,500. 0. 0:
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Jan. 1928Associated PressFurther notable discoveries have during December rewarded the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania at Ur. Last month I was able to report the finding of a great royal grave the only disappointing feature of which was the absence of the actual tomb containing the body; now we have found what is in all probability the missing body and a second royal grave as well. PG800In the upper grave a conspicuous object had been a very large wooden box which we took to be a clothes-chest, standing at one end of the grave shaft in which the offerings and subsidiary burials were put. When we removed the box we found beneath it bricks which belonged to the broken vault of a great stone-build tomb. At first it seemed as if we had found the tomb of which we had been in search, but very little reflection showed that this could not be the same, for the vault had been broken into and plundered whereas the box, belonging to the upper grave, had not been disturbed although it stood directly over the hole; indeed it looked much more as if the box had been put in this particular place to conceal the fact of the sacrilege. PG 789The sacrilege had been confined to the tomb itself. Digging down round it we found that it stood in a corner of a large pit corresponding roughly to the area of the upper grave-shaft and lying some five feet below it, and this pit too was a place of offerings and funeral sacrifice: in many ways the lower grave was a counterpart of the upper. A sloping ramp led down into the pit, and on the slope lay the bodies of six soldiers of the guard, the crushed skulls still encased in copper helmets and the spears shouldered; they had been killed in their places, to remain as warders of the tomb. Two lumbering four-wheeled waggons had been backed down the slope and stood ranged alongside each other at the end of the pit. Of the wood little more survived than a stain in the soil, but we could trace and even photograph the solid wheels with their leather tyres and see how the body was fastened with copper bolts to the clumsy axle trees. Each waggon was drawn by three oxen whose skeletons lay stretched at the:
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January 10. 1923Dear Mr. Woolley:Your letter of December 6th has just been received. I am writing to you now with special reference to the question of funds about which you inquire. I quite realize that some extra expense has been incurred owing to the breakdown of our plan for sending a man. I can also appreciate the circumstances that appear to have let you in for expenses that were not in your calculations. At the same time, in making your calculations for the year's work, my impression is that you will have to adjust your work to the funds already provided. I do not know how we could make any funds available, and we will, of course, have to be in communication with the British Museum before we can make any decision in the matter.I think it might be well for you to have a cable address if you can so arrange, in order that we may be able to cable you without such heavy expense as your present address would require.Very sincerely yoursDirectorC.LEONARD WOOLLEY Esq.Director of the Joint Expedition of theBritish Museum and of the UniversityMuseum, Philadelphia, to Mesopotamiac/o Eastern Bank. Ltd.Basra, Irak:
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January 11, 1929My dear Sir Frederic:I quite overlooked our indebtedness to you and am glad that you reminded me of it. I am enclosing herewith a draft in the sum of £15-8-1.I am going to beg a favour of you. It is to ask whether you would consider Mr. A. J. B. Wace a man competent to fill the position of Director of our Museum. As you know, we have been without a Director for two years. We all feel that the post should be filled without further delay. Mr. Wace has not applied for the position of Director and probably does not know that we are seeking a man for that position. His work is, of course, favourably known to us and upon many of us here he made a favourable impression when he visited American [sic] in 1923-24. Shortly after that time we offered him the Curatorship of the Mediterranean Section which he accepted. Later on, however, for family reasons, he found it necessary to remain in England and had to withdraw his acceptance.In the post of Director of a Museum there are, as you know, many qualifications besides scholarship which a man must possess -- executive ability, personality, and the force to carry through such work as may be considered for the good of the Institution.If you would be so kind as to give us your opinion of the fitness of Mr Wace for the position of Director of our Museum, we would appreciate it very much indeed. I need:
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January 14, 1947Mrs. William S. GodfreyActing DirectorUniversity Museum33rd & Spruce StreetsPhiladelphia 4Dear Mrs. Godfrey:I have reviewed the so called \"Ur Dispute\", which arose between the British Museum and the University Museum during 1933 as to the method by which a deficit was to be made up in funds to cover the publication expenses of Volume II of Ur Excavations: Archaeology, The Royal Cemetery, by C. L. Woolley, a publication of the joint expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia, for which a grant had been made to the University Museum by the Carnegie Corporation.The nature of the dispute and the way in which it arose are described in the following excerpt from the minutes of Meeting of Board of Managers April 12, 1935, as taken from the \"Ur Dispute\" file:[the following quoted text is placed in an indented section of type on the page]\"The President brought to the attention of the Board a difference of opinion between the British Museum and this Museum upon the liquidation of the debt to the Oxford Press for the cost of printing Vol. II of the Ur Excavations, the MS for which was prepared by Mr. C. Leonard Woolley who in 1931 secured from the Carnegie Corporation a grant of $25,000. towards this publication. The funds were sent to the University for disbursement by this Museum. Mr. Woolley proceeded with his contracts for the preparation of plates, printing, etc. and did not inform the Museum of the exact costs or the fact that he had made contracts. These were not learned until after a further season's work at Ur. From the time that the money was received by us and the time that payments were due on the publication, there came the fall in the American currency. At the time the edition of 2,500 copies of the Ur Excavations were contracted for, the grant of the Carnegie Corporation was sufficient to meet all costs, the difference in exchange in 1933, however, contributed to a shortage of about $10,000. which sum the British Museum feels should be borne entirely by this Museum since the funds were not turned over to Mr. Woolley when requested by him and when the lower rate of exchange prevailed. This Museum feels no responsibility for this shortage and believes that the debt should be liquidated from the sale of the publication. The two Museums not having come to a satisfactory agreement on this question, an opinion has now been asked of the Carnegie Corporation by the British Museum and their decision is awaited before final action can be taken.\"A search of the University Museum's \"Carnegie Corporation\" files produced the following letter from the Corporation to the University Museum stating that the corporation would make a further grant to cover the amount of deficiency which was in dispute::
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January 18, 1930My dear Mr. Hall:Your Ur collections were shipped on the Aquitania sailing January 16th. Notice of their arrival should soon follow the receipt of this letter, if you have not already heard.Miss McHugh has shown me your letter of January 4th in which you speak of whishing to have the division of this season's finds take place in October rather than earlier in the summer. I have no doubt that we can arrange this; in fact it would on many accounts be more convenient for us as well. We shall bear it in mind and shape our plans accordingly.We have received work that the six cases are arrived in New York. In a day or so they will be here and I look forward very keenly to seeing the objects.Yours sincerelyHorace H. F. JayneDIRECTORMR. H. R. HALLBritish MuseumLondon, W.C.:
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January 1924Excavations at Ur of the Chaldees.During January the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of University of Pennsylvania has devoted all its efforts to the heavy work of clearing the Ziggurat and to the excavation, so far as this year's programme allowed, of the large building lying below the Ziggurat whose discovery I announced in my last report. The complete excavation of the latter must be deferred to another season, but we have been able to clear one end of it down to floor level and to trace out all its main walls, so that its general character is already plain though a vast amount of labour has yet to be expended on it. Our first supposition, that it was a temple of Gimil-Sin, is certainly incorrect, the inscribed gate-socket upon which we relied having been removed from some earlier building and re-used here; the other inscriptions have thrown no light upon the point, and we have still to discover the name and purpose of this, one of the largest buildings in the sacred Temenos of Ur. All we can say at present is that it stood in intimate relation to the temple of the Moon-god which we excavated last season, and probably also to the Ziggurat.The building consists of a brick-paved court-yard over ninety yards long and sixty yards across, surrounded by narrow chambers, the whole raised about six feet a above the ground-level outside on a terrace whose containing-wall is a massive structure of burnt brick below and crude brick above strengthened by great double buttresses. Three of the inner walls surrounding the courtyard are also adorned with elaborate square buttresses symetrically arranged in relation to the doors that open on the chambers, but the fourth side, that which lies in front of the Ziggurat, is more remarkably ornate. Except for plain panels at the corners of the buttresses and by the sides of doors, the whole wall-face is formed of attached half-columns, the curve of each relieved by a double or T-shaped groove running vertically down the middle of it; the columns are built of specially shaped mud bricks, covered with a thick mud plaster and whitewashed; when they were first exposed, the whitewash, which must have been laid on 2600 years ago, looked as if it had had no more than one season's wear. About four yards away from the wall there runs parallel to it a low sleeper-wall in the top of which, at regular intervals, are shallow circular depressions, the sockets for a row of free-standing columns: the shafts, which would certainly have been of wood, have disappeared, but of their former existence there can be no doubt. Along this side of the court theren ran a colonnade, probably supporting a wooden roof which reached to the columned wall behind. It is no exaggeration to say that this discovery revolutionises our ideas of Babylonian architecture. At the end of the Babylon excavations, which lasted many years, the Germans felt justified in stating that the column was unknown in Babylonia before the Persian period. We have found at Tell el Obeid columns dating back to the fifth millenium B.C., and now at Ur we have a columned portico of the sixteenth century B.C. such as might have graced a Greek agora or a Roman forumIn its present form (under the paved floor there is older work of which we know nothing) the building was erected by Kuri-Galzu, a Kassite king who reignrd about B.C. 1600. His work seems to have stood well, for it was not till the middle of the seventh century B.C. that it underwent extensive repairs, and even then Sinbalatsu-ikbi, the Assyrian governor installed at Ur by Ashur-bani-pal, relaid the floor at a higher level but incorporated much of the old work in his new building, and everywhere followed the original groundplan. Not long afterwards however the whole place must have:
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January 2, 1925Dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:On the 30th December we cabled to the Eastern Bank, Ltd., London, the sum of £190.10 which is the balance of our portion of the funds for the Ur Expedition, provided we find that it is to be kept on the £5,000. basis. [the figure £3,000 is written in the right margin]We are very hopeful that both Museums will be able to increase the amount of its subscription to the extent that will see Mr. Woolley safely through the year's digging.With my best regardsVery sincerely yours[no signature]DirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirector, The British MuseumLondon, England:
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January 2, 1926According to Woolley's report for year ending June 30, 1925,the British Museum paid into the Fund . . . . . . . . . . . 2,548.17.11The Iraq subscription amount<ins>ing</ins> to . . . . . . . 250. 4.10is also credited by Woolley to the British Museum which,therefore, has to its credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .£2,799. 2. 9The University Museum has to its credit according toWoolley's report the sum of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,206. 0. 0Making a credit for the British Museum in excess of thatfor the University Museum for the season endingJune 30, 1925, in sum of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . £593. 2. 9The University Museum, however, had an additional creditfor season ending June 20, 1924, over and above that ofthe British Museum in the sum of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30. 0. 2The British Museum should, therefore, be credited for theseason 1925-26 with the sum of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .£563. 2. 7to equalize payments made by both institutions into theFund for the past season----------Woolley's estimate for season 1925-26 is £5,000. or foreach institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . £2,500.00. 0His accounts show a credit balance from season 1924-25in the sum of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.19. 6Of this sum there is due the British Museum for the excesscontribution paid into the Fund the sum of . . . . . . . . . .563. 2. 7Leaving a balance to be credited to both institutions forthe season 1925-26 in the sum of which divided in half givesto each institution a credit of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146. 8. 5----------The University Museum's share of the allotment for theseason 1925-26 is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .£2,500. 0. 0Deduct credit from season 1924-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146. 8.65Leaving amount due by University Museum . . . . . . . . . £2,353.11.77which amounts to the sum of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $11,511.50The following payments have been made on this account:Sept. 23, 1925, Paid Legrain for travelling expenses . . $700.00Oct. 16, 1925, Remitted to Eastern Bank, Ltd., Londonfor Ur Exp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,845.00Dec. 12, 1925, ditto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,216.50Salary, L. Legrain, 6 mos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,750.00 TOTAL . . . . $11,511.50:
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January 2, 1926My dear Kenyon:The funds for the Joint Expedition to Ur during the current year are upon my mind and I am writing to you now with special reference to these funds and to the amount which we must remit to make our contribution equal to that of the British Museum and one half of the total estimate.I am not sure that I understand Mr. Woolley's accounts for last year. I have read his statement and also that in your letter of July 31st. I am unable to reconcile these two statements. Woolley's figures present some features that do not appear anywhere in your correspondence and may not be material to the present situation.We have, however, been guided by Woolley's accounts to the extent of assuming a credit balance from last year in favor of this Museum of £146.8.5. This appears from Woolley's accounts as of June 30, 1925.We have also taken as a basis for the present year's grant, Woolley's estimate of £5,000. Our obligation then would appear to be represented by the following figures. One half of £5,000. equal to £2,500., less credit balance from last year of £146.8.5, leaving balance due for this year of £2,553.11.7, equal to the sum of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$11,511.50against which we have made the following payments.Sept. 23, 1925, Paid Legrain for traveling expenses . . . . . . 700.00Oct. 16, 1925, Remitted to Eastern Bank, Ltd., London . . . . .4,845.00Dec. 12, 1925, Remitted to Eastern Bank, Ltd., London . . . . .4,216.50Salary, L. Legrain, six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,750.00 [total] $11,511.50:
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January 2, 1929My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon: Your letter of December 15 reached me the day after I sent off my cable to you. I am glad to know that you will be able to ship the Ur collections to us at the end of January. This will give us ample time, I am sure, to have them installed before Mr. Woolley visits us at the end of March; I would suggest that the shipment be sent by express rather than by freight so that there will not be too long a delay in transit. I hope that you will find it possible to send us the entire collection for our exhibition. With reference to the head modelled by Mrs. Woolley, I do not believe that she would have any objection to having it sent to us. Under date of September 28, Mr. Woolley wrote to me as follows: \"The actual head belongs to my wife, not to the expedition, but she is quite ready for it to go over on loan.\" He urges that special precautions be taken in the packing and unpacking of the head. He calls our attention to the fact that the head is not fixed and that nothing should be allowed to touch the face, etc. We shall take the best of care of the head and see that no damage comes to it here. Dr. Legrain has looked up his records with reference to the seal of Indo-Sumerian type which you say Dr. Hall stated in his article in the BRITISH MUSEUM QUARTERLY was coming to this Museum; Dr. Legrain tells me that this specimen did not fall to our lot in the division, so Dr. Hall is right in his statement that the seal belongs to you.With best wishes for the New Year, I remainVery sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYON:
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January 2, 1930My dear Sir Frederick:I wish to acknowledge the receipt of Woolley's first report which has just come. I note that you have set the date for its release for publication as January 7th and we shall be pleased to bide till then.With best wishes for the New YearYours sincerelyHorace H. F. JayneDIRECTORSIR FREDERICK KENYONBritish MuseumLondon, England:
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January 2, 1931Dear Mr. Woolley:I wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter ofDecember 8th enclosing your statement of accounts forNovember. These are quite in order and though, as yousay, the total is a large one yet the results seem tojustify the expenditures. We trust you will be able,however, to keep within your tentative budget sincedifficult times here make us reluctant to face any heavydeficit if it can be avoided.With every best wish for the New Year, I amYours sincerelyHorace H. F. JayneDIRECTORC. Leonard Woolley, Esq.c/o Joint Expedition British and University MuseumsUr, Iraq:
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January 20, 1925My dear Kenyon:We have just received your cable of January 19th which reads as follows.Additional Fifty Pounds raised. Please cable equivalent.I am sending you a cable which reads as follows.Will meet your £50. Will contribute additional £250. Total cabled Eastern Bank.We happen to have this £250. on hand and have decided to make it as an extra contribution over and above our half share.At the time that we cabled the last remittance to the Eastern Bank, London, in the sum of £406. I sent the following cable to Woolley.Appropriation now totals 3812 pounds. Writing today.I was moved to send this cable because in Woolley's report of December 5th he spoke of having to bring the work to an end early in February and I thought he had better know at once what funds had been placed at his disposal.With the present re,ittance of £300. on our party and £50. on your part, the appropriation now totals £4,112. This, of course, includes the sum of £162. which we placed at Dr.:
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January 21, 1925My dear Woolley:We have now received your letters of December 8th and 22nd as well as your letter of December 5th covering the accounts and your report of November 30th. We have also received from Kenyon the statements for the newspapers which were received in good time and were released on the 14th of this month.I have now received word from Kenyon that the British Museum has placed an additional £50. to your credit. We have at the same time met this £50. and made an additional contribution on our own account of £250. This makes an addition of £300. to your funds. I do not know how long this may enable you to remain at work, but I trust that you will not be compelled to cut the season short. If you find that you have need of more money this year at the time of receiving this letter, I will ask you to cable us direct and we will see what we can do.I have received copies of the ANTIQUARIES' JOURNAL containing your report on Tell el Obeid. I think it is a very good and very interesting report. I am printing an abstract of it in the MUSEUM JOURNAL without the illustrations and referring the reader to the ANTIQUARIES' JOURNAL for a complete report. In our abstract for the JOURNAL I have taken the liberty of changing just one word. In one place you describe the copper reliefs as \"bulls\" and in other places as \"young heifers.\" As heifer is a feminine noun and means a young cow it does not strike me as a proper description of a bull. I am sure, therefore, that you would wish me to make this change.I note your statement in your report of November 30th that Prof. Edward Chiera of the Semitic Department of the University of Pennsylvania is a guest of the Expedition, you having agreed to his request that he be granted permission to stay in camp, paying his own expenses. So far as the University Museum is concerned your action is entirely agreeable. Doubtless Dr. Chiera:
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January 22, 1924My dear KenyonI received your letter of January 1st enclosing Woolley's articles for the press. We released [?these articles/this?] for publication in America on Monday morning so that they appeared simultaneously in England and America as we planned. Your letter was received on Tuesday, the 15th, so that it was fourteen days coming. Your earlier letter to Dr. harrison acknowledging the receipt of the last instalment of funds for the Ur Expedition was nineteen days coming. Mails appear to be much slower than they used to be.Woolley's report is certainly interesting and the Tell Obeid finds are quite suprising and extraordinary. We had already received Woolley's report dated November 30th. The papers all over the country have been quite interested and most of them have reprinted Woolley's article in full.With my best regardsVery Sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC G. KENYONDirector of the British MuseumLondon, England:
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January 22, 1932 Dear Mr. Smith:- I wish to acknowledge your letter of January 8th and the accompanying list of the contents of the boxes of Ur objects allotted to us in the division of 1931. Inasmuch as these have all been unpacked and the collection catalogued and incorporated in our general Babylonian collections it would involve considerable labour to recheck this list. I shall, therefore, assume it is correct and absolve the British Museum from any further responsibility in the matter should any error come to light in the future. I trust this will be satisfactory. Thank you for the kind messages from your wife and yourself to both of us. I assure you that they are most heartily reciprocated.Yours sincerely Horace H. F. Jayne DIRECTOR Sidney Smith, Esq. Department of Egyptian & Assyrian Antiquities British Museum London W.C.1.:
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January 23, 1930My dear Mr. Woolley:I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of December 31st enboding the report of the work of the Joint Expedition during the month of December and accompanied by Father Burrows. Notes on the Seal Impressions. Both papers are most interesting to us and the continued success of your work is most gratifying.With all good wished, I anYours sincerelyHorace H. F. JayneDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.c/o Eastern BankBasra, Iraq.:
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January 25, 1923KENYONBRITISH MUSEUMLONDONDELIGHTED YOU ARE COMINGGORDON:
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January 26, 1928
Dear Cooke:I have your letter of January 3rd, inquiring about U 2919, U 3108, U 3204, three objects assigned to the Baghdad Museum in the division of antiques from Ur made at the end of the third campaign 1924-1925.(1) U 3108,a white stone celt, is not here. By an agreement with the British Museum we have kept as our share the stela of Ur Nammu and a few duplicate doorsockets, clay cones and bricks. The rest has been returned to London or is in Baghdad.(2) U 2919 and U 3204 are here and, like many other inscribed tablets, have been sent here or to London for study.U 2919, a clay label with Aramaic inscription, is copied and published in the first volume of texts from Ur, printing now in London. The original will be returned to you by the same mail U 3204, a large tablet, balance sheet recording the receipts and issues of wool, is not yet copied, but will be returned to you if you desire it.Both tablets have been registered on the field and assigned to the Baghdad Museum.About the tablet material in general --nearly all unregistered -- I beg to state that it was agreed that it should be sent over to London or here for study and publication, after which fifty percent of the good tablets should be returned to Baghdad. Your sincerely[signed] L. Legrain:
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January 26, 1928My dear Mr. Johnson:Since our meeting on Friday last I have wanted to write to you to say that the members of the Board regretted your absence but were glad to learn from your letter of January 18th that they could hope to have you with them after your return north in April.I should like to report to you, as I did to the Board, an interesting cable message from Mr. Woolley, our Director of excavations at Ur of the Chaldees. It was transmitted to us in Latin to prevent premature publicity and reads: \" I found the intact tomb, stone built and vaulted over with bricks, of Queen Shubad, adorned with a dress in which gems, flower crowns and animal figures are woven. Tomb magnificent with jewels and golden cups.\" This follows the uncovering of the tomb of the King and Prince Meskalamdug, reports of which have already appeared in the newspapers. We are eagerly awaiting fuller information on what appears to be the richest find in the history of excavations in Mesopotamia. We may indeed feel well satisfied with the results, even at this date, of the season's work at Ur.Mr. Borie reported to the Board the generous offer which you made at the informal meeting of some of the Managers of the Museum at the Rittenhouse Club recently to furnish and decorate at a cost not exceeding $25,000. the Board room in the new wing now under construction. I have had some conversation with the architects with reference to this room and have told:
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January 26, 1933Dear Mr. Hall:-I was glad to get your letter of January 15th and to learn that you had arrived safely. Apparently the Atlantic is not at all well behaved this winter. Dr. Legrain arrived after a very much prolonged and rough crossing.I have no developments to report on the African project but Mr. Chandler of the Board has several helpful suggestions which may bear fruit. I am not overly sanguine, but we shall chisel away at the problem and something unexpected may turn up. Meanwhile, the work you are doing sounds most interesting and I know will be profitable for the Museum.I have given Golomshtok your address and you will probably hear from him in due course about the shaft-straightner.Please give my kind regards to Mrs. Hall and accept the same for yourself.Yours sincereley,Horace H. F. Jayne:
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January 3, 1930My dear Sir Frederic:I was glad to learn from your letter of December 18th just received that the Ur Collection will be shipped on January 8th. The objects belonging to the British Museum which we have had, have been packed several weeks but we have deferred shipment for the same reason. You will be sent a cable announcing date and steamer whereon they go forward, probably before this letter reaches you.I note what you say regarding the procedure to be followed in dealing with the reproduction of photographs of objects from Ur. It is well that the understanding is so far advanced. I trust you will let me know when the formal decision is handed down, but meanwhile we shall continue to act on the principle already adopted.Your position regarding the question of casts and electrotypes is wholly satisfactory to us. The demand for casts here is very moderate and I believe such as we need we would rather purchase from the British Museum directly than purchase the moulds outright. You would, no doubt, wish a list of the casts we make here of our objects from Ur. I shall have this prepared and forwarded to you shortly.Yours sincerelyHorace H. F. JayneDIRECTORSIR FREDERIC KENYONBritish MuseumLondon, W.C.1.:
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January 31, 1928My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:I have received your letter of January 15and I want to thank you for sending us the photographsof the chess board and the dagger. They came to us aweek of two ago.I quite agree with you that we should sharethe expense of making the moulds and casts and withina few days we will send you a draft in the sum of£34-8-10 to cover the expense of casting the stela,the throne support and the head of a goddess. We are, of course, prepared to bear one half of the cost of casts supplied to Baghdad. Could you have sent to usat your convenience three casts of the head of thestela and the throne support are available but I donot think it would be worth while to order these fromyou till we have definite requests for them.Will you be kind enough to let me know whetherthe negatives of the Expedition are in the possessionof the British Museum? As you know, we have a complete set of photographs for the first four seasons; theset for the fifth season has not yet reached us. Insupplying prints to magazines publishing articles onUr, it has been necessary for us to have negatives madefrom our photographs; this is not as satisfactory as wewould like and in some cases we should prefer to furnishprints made direct from the original negatives.Would there be any difficulty in supplying us with such prints as we might need?A request has come to us from Dr. George A.Barton which I wish to submit to you and the grantingof which we feel that we must leave to your good judgment. Dr. Barton is ready to publish a volume on all known Sumerian historical inscriptions and wishes to:
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January 31, 1930Dear Sir Frederic:Since writing you yesterday Dr. Legrain has spoken to me regarding the fact that we have not to date received our sets of either the field photo- graphs of the Seventh Campaign (1928-1929) the Catalogue of finds in the field for this or the preceding Campaign. Dr. Legrain particularly misses the photographs which of course assist greatly in registering the objects. Could I trouble you to look up at your convenience whether these are in the course of preparation or whether they have already been sent and have gone astray in the mails?Yours sincerelyHorace H. F. JayneDIRECTORSir Frederic Kenyon, DirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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January 31, 1930My dear Sir Frederic:I wish to acknowledge your letter of January 21st enclosing Woolley's December report. You failed to mark upon it the date for release and I am assuming you will wish to allow the usual time to elapse and we shall hold it until February 10th. There is little of great popular interest in it and should our dates of release not exactly correspond in this interest, it does not seem to me of great moment. I hope this meets with your approval.I am more than pleased with the work this year and agree that from a scientific standpoint the results have been highly satisfactory.We have just finished installing the major part of the 1928-29 finds which arrived in perfect condition. They make a noble show. I trust our shipment to you is arrived and the things are in good order.Yours sincerelyHorace H. F. JayneDIRECTORSIR FREDERIC KENYONBritish MuseumLondon:
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January 5, 1925My dear Kenyon:I have just received your letter of December 23rd forwarding articles for the Press received from Woolley, which I notice you will release in London on January 14th. I will arrange to release it here on the same day.I presume that when Woolley wrote on December 5th that he would only be able to to go on for two months he was counting on £3,000 only.I note that your contributions amount now to £1,906. Accordingly we are today cabling the Eastern Bank, Ltd. an additional £406. to make our contribution even.With this sum of £3,816. Woolley will doubtless be able to go on a month longer.I thank you for having sent the consignment of last year's antiquities. They will arrive in good time.Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC WOOLLEYDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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January 6, 1926Dear Kenyon:I now have your letter of 17 December and I have to acknowledge also the receipt through you of Woolley's articles for the press. These were received in good time. We have also received copy of the inventory for 1924-25 (Nos. 2501-3356). This will be very helpful and I think we can probably make out quite nicely with the information that we now have. I received from Mr. Gadd the returned list of photographs with some additional information inserted.We have received the two dozen separate prints of Woolley's report in the ANTIQUARIES JOURNAL, which is quite sufficient for our purposes.The Exhibition is now being arranged with all possible speed in a special room in the new wing and I think it is going to look very well. With my best wishes to you and to your family for a happy and prosperous New Year, I remainVery sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONThe British MuseumLondon:
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January 6, 1926Dear Mr. Smith:I am very much obliged to you indeed for sending me typewritten copies of the index cards from Ur for the season 1924-25. These are very helpful in arranging our new exhibition. When the series for 1923-24 is finished, we should be glad to receive them.I thank you for your seasonable good wishes, which I very heartily reciprocate.Yours sincerelyMR. SIDNEY SMITHThe British MuseumLondon:
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January 8, 1926My dear Legrain:We naturally miss you very much these days. The last year's collection from Ur arrived here from the British Museum recently and now we are all very much occupied in its installation. Fortunately, the labels made in the British Museum accompany the collection and I think we will be able to get through all right although there is no one in the Museum now who can ready any of the inscriptions. We have been obliged to postpone the opening but we have assigned quite a large room for the exhibition in the new wing and I think it is going to look very well. I am anxious to make the most of this exhibition which is the first that we have arranged from Ur and we will try to have the Opening at a propitious time.Dr. Chiera has made a new proposition. It is that the Museum send him on an independent expedition to Mesopotamia to select the best site for excavation and to excavate that site. I do not know what that site might turn out to be but it appears that the best site has not yet been selected. I am informed that the Iraq Government would look with special approval on Dr. Chiera's plans and would extend to him special favours and facilities. He could conduct investigations in that country under specially favourable auspices. Last year, I am told, he received greater consideration on the part of the Government than any other expedition in the field, including permission to remove all of his finds without being required to divide with Baghdad. He also received from the same Government a grant of money besides having free transport on the railroad and similar valuable courtesies. Dr. Chiera would now like to conduct an expedition of his own and excavate on a site to be chosen by him.:
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January 8, 1926My dear Woolley:You may regard this as a postscript to my letter of December 29. I only have to add that the press reports came safely through Kenyon and were received in good time. The papers in New York and Philadelphia have given your story quite a lot of space, especially the New York TIMES, which is the principal paper of the country. The papers throughout the country have also given considerable space to this story. I have not given out any of the photographs but only the text. Last year's collection was received from the British Museum in December and we are now all hard at work arranging the exhibition. It looks as if it were going to shape up pretty well. With my best regards,very sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.c/o Eastern BankBasra, Iraq:
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January [7 - deleted, replaced by] 6, 1925Dear Woolley:I have received your letter of December 8th together with copy for the Press. Yesterday I sent you the following cable.APPROPRIATION NOW TOTALS 3812 POUNDS.WRITING TODAY.By an exchange of communications with London it has been arranged to place this sum to your credit in the Eastern Bank, London, and the full sum has been paid, but an effort is still being made to bring the sum up to 4250 pounds. I am enclosing herewith a statement showing payments made by us on account of our share appropriated towards the work of the expedition to Ur.In your official communication of December 5th you stated that you had sufficient funds to continue another two months. With the funds which you now have at your disposal you will, I hope, be able to continue a good deal longer.There are several communications of your to which I still have to reply. One is that in which you called my attention to a ceiling at Aleppo and suggested that we cable funds for its purchase. I was interested in the ceiling, but the offer comes at a time when we are using all our available funds for other purposes. With regard to the marble pieces recommended by you in the same letter, they would not interest us at all. If the ceiling should be available at a later time when we are in funds I should be inclined to try to buy it.I have it very much on my mind to ask whether you would be disposed to do a special service for the Museum on your way home. The Museum is now installing its new Egyptian collections in a wing built for the purpose. I do not know yet when it will be ready for opening, perhaps not until next autumn. In the meantime it is my particular wish to increase these Egyptian collections by the addition of:
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job in hand; it is not giving me anything in the shape of objectsbut is one of the most interesting-and one of the most difficult-things in the archaeological line that I have ever done; I am just making preparations for carrying the work down 15 feet below water-level. Meanwhile a separate small dig is producing lots of verydelightful painted pottery (and some seals) of the chalcolithicperiod in nicely stratified conditions which will be of greatvalue for the earliest history of the area. I hope that you do succeed in getting work re-started at Nippur; that greatsite deserves fuller excavation.Yours very sincerely,Leonard Woolley [handwritten signature]:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA. ______________________ STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR FEBRUARY 1925 ________________________ A. WAGES. £ s dWages paid out to workmen on the dig, Feb. 7. 79 12 9Feb. 14 81 3 2Feb. 21 78 3 8Feb. 28 76 12 2Wages of foremen from Jerabulus 21 0 0Baksheesh to same 75 0 0Wages of Guards 22 11 10Wages of local agent 6 15 6Wages of chauffeur 6 0 0B. Miscellaneous Expeditionary Expenses.Water contract for month 12 0 5Stamps, telegrams, messengers, loss on cheques 7 2 11Varia purchased locally for work 5 1 6Plaster of Paris 3 6 5 Present to Sheikh 3 0 0Passport for formen 2 0 0 Messenger sent to Shatra 1 10 8Purchase of small antikas 1 9 4C. Combined Expenses. Petrol, kerosine and lubricating and fuel oil 16 16 8 D. Living Expenses. Purchase of foodstuffs from Baghdad, Nasiriyah & Ur, 52 12 0 House servants' wages 10 9 8 Washing 1 10 0E. Salaries. C. L. Woolley 50 0 0 613 18 8 less, by local sales of reports, 13 11 6 TOTAL £600 7 2:
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Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia. ---------Statement of accounts for the period July 1st. to October 31st. 1924. ---------A. Messrs F.C.Strick & Co., balance on freight 8. 1. 5. Wages to guards 125. 0. 0. Water contractor 24. 12. 4. Foreman's retaining fee 16. 16. 0. F.G.Newton, work on drawings 21. 1. 0. Fleming, photographic work 19. 0. 3. Present to local sheikh 19. 4. 0.B. Purchase of stores Army and navy stores, drugs, food, etc. 35. 15. 6. Millett, outfit, 19. 0. 6. Houghton's, photographic stores, 16. 6. 4. Norton and Gregory, instruments & stationary 20. 14. 8. Small varia bought in London, 15. 9. Baghdad, Cooperative Stores, 16. 6. 8. Car tyres, 7. 5. 0. Small varia, 4. 11. 10. Clothes for servants, 6. 16. 6. Carriage of stores (F.C.Strick) 17. 0.C. Travelling account. to Beyrouth, C.L.Woolley, 64. 4. 7. Dr. Legrain(from Havre) 57. 0. 0. J. Linnell, 41. 6. 3. fares Beyrouth-Baghdad, joint party, 75. 0. 0. Baghdad-Ur, fares & expenses, joint party 41. 9. 2. 3 foremen, Jereblus-Ur, fares & expenses 29. 15. 9.D. Salaries. C.L.Woolley, 200. 0. 0. ------------ Total 871. 9. 6. ------------N.B. In the above statement no account is taken of Dr.Legrain's fare from Philadelphia to Havre, or of his salary,neither of these having been paid out from the fund as administered by me.:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA.- - - - - - - - - - STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE UP TO NOVEMBER 15. 1924.Account rendered on November 1st. £.871. 9. 6.Pay of guards, with arrears and advances, 28. 1?. 8.Chauffeur, wages for November 6. 15. 0.Cook, on account of wages, 15. 0.Water contract for month, 12. 0. 5.Wages of workmen on the excavations, Nov. 8th 101. 7. 7. Nov. 15th. 81. 10. 2.Purchase of small antikas 19. 8.Food-stuffs purchased at Nasiriyah 14. 5. 9.Purchases for Expedition outfit 9. 9. 1?.Messengers, loss on cheques, varia 10. 12. 6.Notebooks and files, 2. 1. 4.Stamps, 4. 5. ------------- TOTAL, £1140. 1. 10. -------------------FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR EXPEDITION BUDGETBritish Museum contribution, £1865. 10. 0.Philadelphia contribution, £1865.10.1 less Dr. Legrain's salary, say £390. 0. 0. 1475. 10. 0.By sale of official reports in Baghdad, 18. 0. 0. -------------- TOTAL, £3359. ?0. 0. -------------------:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA.-------------STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR NOVEMBER 1934; (N.B. In these are included the items given in the interim account submitted on November 15. 1924)A. Workmen employed on excavations. £. s. d. Wages paid out to men, Nov. 8. 1?1 7. 7. Nov. 15. 81 10 2 Nov. 22. 70 7 4. Nov. 29. 75 19 5 Wages of foremen from Jerablus 21 0 0 Wages of guards (including arrears) 43 9 2. Wage of local agent 6 15 6 Wage of chauffeur 6 15 6B. Miscellaneous expedition expenses Water contract for month 12 0 5 Tyres etc. for car 4 14 2 Notebooks and files 2 1 4 Varia for expedition outfit 11 3 9 Incidental expenses 14 3 Messengers, stamps, telegrams etc., 12 0 4 Purchase of small antikas 2 14 2C Accounts from Iraq Railways for freight, petrol and kerosene supplied in 1923-1924 24 14 0D. Living Expenses Petty cash acct, Ur Junction, 12 2 0 Petty cash acct., Nasiriyah, 30 10 2 Incidentals 1 10 0 House servants' wages 12 0 5E. Salary, C. L. Woolley, 50 0 0 -------------- 583 9 8 Less, by payment from Dr. Chiera and local subscriptions, 8 0 0 -------------- Total, £.575 9 8 --------------:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA.ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE FOR THE SEASON 1927-1928SALARIES £ s. d. C. L. Woolley 800. 0. 0 M. E. L. Mallowan 200. 0. 0. Rev. E. Burrows 150. 0. 0. Mrs. Woolley 100. 0. 0.Travelling for four persons, & foremen, 615. 0. 0.Wages Workmen, foremen & guards 2200. 0. 0.Living Expenses Staff & foremen, including wages of house servants and food, 300. 0. 0.Purchase of stores 120. 0. 0.Varia for work Purchase of car 25. 0. 0. Oil & petrol 65. 0. 0. Water contract 140. 0. 0. Present to Sheikh 45. 0. 0. Packing 17. 0. 0. Freight 40. 0. 0. Stamps & telegrams 18. 0. 0. Bank charges & expenses 35. 0. 0.Balance for emergencies 130. 0. 0. TOTAL £5000. 0. 0.:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA.ESTIMATE OF EXPENSES FOR THE SEASON 1925-1926. £ s dWages of workmen, foremen, guards, chauffeur, etc. 2050. 0. 0Water contract 96. 0. 0.Present to tribal sheikh 45. 0. 0.Purchase of stores, drugs, photographic, drawing, household, and various, 112. 0. 0.Stamps, telegrams etc. 20. 0. 0.Bank charges and expenses 35. 0. 0.Freight charges and packing 50. 0. 0.Repairs to expedition house 75. 0. 0.Oil, petrol, etc. 65. 0. 0.Living expenses for four people, foremen and servants, 320. 0. 0.Travelling, staff and foremen, 754. 10. 0.Salaries, C. L. Woolley 800. 0. 0. " Dr. Legrain 397. 10. 0. " Architect 180. 0. 0. TOTAL 5000. 0. 0.:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA.STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR FEBRUARY, MARCH AND APRIL 1927. On Statement for the Season, this is given as the February and March account. There is no April a/c about 13½rs=1£ Rs. As.A. WAGES. Paid out to men on the dig, Feb. 5. 773 2 Feb. 12. 705. 1 Feb. 19. 632. 4 Feb. 26. 139. 8 Guards for 4 weeks 310. 0 ditto for 9 weeks 697. 8 Local agent 50. 0. Chauffeur 90. 0 £ s. d [subtotal] 3397. 7. 251. 13. 9. Foremen from Jerablus, wages for one month & for two periods of trav- elling, & tip for season, 141. 0. 0.B. EXPEDITION EXPENSES. Water contract for February 200. 0. ditto for March & April 100. 0. Stamps, telegrams & messengers 78. 6. Cost of packing material 153. 8; Purchase of small antikas 23. 3. Varia purchased for work 83. 8. Incidental expenses 38. 8. Medical services 50. 0. Loss on cheques 4. 4. Basra agents' charges 60. 8. [subtotal] 791. 13. 58. 13. 1. Strick & Co. Ltd. freight etc. 6. 15. 6.C. COMBINED EXPENSES. Oil and petrol 11. 0. 0.D. LIVING EXPENSES. Cook's petty cash account 201. 8. Food from Ur Junction 79. 0. from Baghdad 339. 6. Varia purchased for house 56. 0. Cook, wages & tip 153. 0. house-servanys, ditto 114. 0. [subtotal] 942. 14. 69. 16. 8.E. TRAVELLING. C. L. Woolley, Ur to Bath 76. 15. 4. Three members of staff 279. 9. 5. Foremen to Jerablus 28. 17. 0.[Note: handwritten subtotal for page] Forward £924-0-9:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA.STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR JANUARY 1929.A. WAGES. Paid out to men on dig, Jan. 5. Rs.882. 10 Jan. 12. 874. 11 Jan. 19. 946. 8 Jan. 26. 949. 1 Feb. 2. 924. 3 £ s. d [subtotal] 4577. 1 343. 5. 7 Wages of guards for five weeks 380 0 Wages of driver for month 60. 0 [subtotal] 440 0 33. 0. 0 Wages of foremen from Jerablus 21. 0. 0B. EXPEDITION EXPENSES Purchases of small antikas 35. 8 Stamps, telegrams & messengers 43. 5 Spares & repairs to car 52. 8 Baskets 20. 0 Varia purchased for dig 105. 3 Expenses to Kish 39. 12 [subtotal] 296. 4 22. 4. 4 Printing of reports 6. 8. 6C. MIXED ACCOUNT Water contractor for month 15. 0. 0 Oil, petrol, coal etc., season to date 25. 8. 8D. LIVING ACCOUNT House servants' wages 219. 0 16. 8. 6 Varia purchased for house 51. 0 Foodstuffs bought from Baghdad 85. 3 from Basra 13. 8 from Ur 85. 3 from Nasiriyah 192. 1 [subtotal] 427. 15 32. 1. 9[note: subtotal line above is partially struck out and hand-corrected to read:] 645. 15 48. 9. 9E. SALARIES C. L. Woolley 66. 13. 4 M. E. L. Mallowan 16. 13. 4 TOTAL 598. 4. 0[note: total line above is partially struck out and hand-corrected to read:] 614. 12. 0:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA.STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR JUNE 1928.A. VARIOUS EXPENSES. £ s d Paid to Miss Paterson for work on beads etc., 15. 0. 0. Boy's wages 3. 12. 0. Stamps and telegrams 9. 2. Expenses in lecturing, and carriage, 2. 14. 3. Purchase of small varia 3. 16. 0. Purchase of wig for Shub-ad 6. 6. 0. Stahlschmidt, supplementary acct. for freight, 5. 11. 6.B. SALARIES. C. L. Woolley 66. 13. 4. ----- C. SPECIAL GRANTS FOR WORK AID COSTS IN CONNECTION WITH THE RESTORATION OF OBJECTS C. L. Woolley 200. 0. 0. M. E. L. Mallowan 50. 0. 0. ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 354. 2. 3. OK:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA.SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR 1925 - 1926.Totals of accounts as rendered £ s. d. for the period July 1 to October 31 1015. 7. 1. for November (as corrected) 765 9. 7. for December 668. 14. 4. for January 583. 11. 9. for February 519. 16. 2. for the period March 1 to June 30 1268. 1. 10. Total 4821. 0. 9.Direct payments made by the Museums By Philadelphia, to Dr. Legrain, for salary, 350. 0. 0. by the British Museum, transmitting charges, 17. 8. [Total] 350. 17. 8 TOTAL EXPENDITURE ON EXPEDITION £5171. 18. 5:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIASTATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR MAY AND JUNE I93I£. s. d. Salariyes, C.L. Woolley I50. 0. 0 M.E.L. Mallowan 4I. I3. 4 Aleppo agent's charges I3. I3. 4 Eastern Bank's charges 3. 7. 0 Photographic work 7. I0. 0 Small purchases and expenses 7. 6. 3 Purchase of antiquities at Ur 27. 5. 0 250. I4. IIACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR I930-I93I.SUMMARY £ s. d. Credit. By accounts for July I - Oct. 3I, as shewn II86. I6. 6 for November, as emended 740. I7. I0 for December, as emended I063. I. 6 for January, as shewn, 875. 4. I0 for February, as shewn, 624. I. 4 for March & April, as shewn, I724. 2. 7 for May & June, as shewn, 250. I4. II By balance in hand, in Iraq & Eastern Bank 7I. 6. 7 6536. 6. IDebit. By Expedition grant from the two Museums 6500. 0. 0 By bank interest I. 0. I0 By refund from Khaniqin Oil Co. I5. 5 By contributions from visitors I0. 0. 0 By sales of reports 24. 9. I0 6536. 6. I:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR MARCH-APRIL, 1924.A. Wages of Workmen. Rs As £ s d Paid to men employed on excavations, March 9. 1025. 9 " 16 116.12. -------- 1142. 5 = 76 3 1 Payment of guards, to March 30. 475. 0 = 31 13 4 Local agent, wages & baksheesh 125. 0 Chauffeur " " 160. 0 ------ 285. 0 = 19. 0. 0 Jerablus foremen " " 89 5 0 Hamoudi, retaining fee till June 30 12 12 0B. Incidental expedition expenses Water Contractor, for March 160. 0 " April - June30 240. 0 ------ 400. 0 = 26. 13 4 Telegrams & stamps 2 2 2 Present to tribal sheikh 200. 0 Purchase of small antikas 17. 0 Boxes sent to Bank 6. 9 Messengers & men on odd jobs 18. 8 Repairs to car 11. 7 Iraq Railways, water charge 59. 3 Loss on cheque 1. 4 Petty cash account 97. 6 ------- 411. 5 = 27 8 5 Banking charge, Aleppo 5. 11 0 Messrs. F.C.Strick & Co, agents' expenses 513. 6 = 34 4 6C. Combined Account Messrs. F.C.Strick & Co., stores, etc. 262. 0 = 17 9 4D. Living Expenses. House servants' wages 148. 0 = 9 17 4 Petty cash account, Nasiriyah 147. 0 " " " Ur Junction 182. 8 ------ 329.8 = 21 17 8E. Travelling Jerablus foremen 53 9 4 Three members of Staff 270 0 0F. Salaries. F. G. Newton, for March, and travelling 69 0 0 C. L. Woolley, for March & April, 100 0 0 --------------- TOTAL £866 6 4 ---------------:
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Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the University Museum, Philadelphia Arrangements about the purchase of antiquities.No special fund for the purchase of antiquities is put at Mr. Woolley disposal, nor is he employed by either of the two Museums as agent for such purchases.Mr. Woolley may at his discretion purchase in Iraq such antiquities as appear to him desirable for either Museum collection.In the case of low-priced articles he may draw from their purchase-money on his Expedition funds, always provided that the Expedition be in no way hampered by such expenditures; objects so acquired shall be included in the common stock for division between the two Museums.In the case of articles for whose purchase Mr. Woolley has no official funds available, he shall cable to his Principals for instructions if this be possible; if this be not possible, he may advance the cash homself, recovering the same afterwards from the Museum to which the object is allotted.Mr. Woolley is not allowed to purchase for homself or for any person or body other than the two Museums any object of Museum importance, of Mesopotamian origin and dating prior to 600 A.D.Outside Iraq, Mr. Woolley is at liberty to purchase for himself such antiquities as he pleases, at his own risk and expense. Should Mr. Woolley, during the period of his employment by the Museums, desire to sell any object so acquired [?] the option of purchase shall be given to the two Museums (which however are under no obligation to buy); the original purchase price shall be stated and the selling price shall be arrived at by agreement between the two parties. Mr. Woolley is under no obligation to sell, but is free to keep to himself or to give away without return any such object.F.G.K., 7/6/23.GBG, \" \" \":
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM.PHILADELPHIA, TO MESOPOTAMIA.Statement of Accounts for the year 1st July, 1923 - 30th June, 1924. '''Contributions.''''''PHILADELPHIA''' '''PHILADELPHIA''' Original Grant £2,810. 0. 0. Share of Expenditure £3,160. 19. 9. Additional 500. 0. 0. Share of Balance 160. 0. 3. Interest on Deposit 5. 2. 2. --------------- Sale of Report 5. 17. 10. £3,321. 0. 0. --------------- =============== £3,321. 0. 0. ==============='''BRITISH MUSEUM''' '''BRITISH MUSEUM''' Original Grant £1,190. 0. 0. Share of Expenditure £1,580. 9. 11. Mr. Gadd's salary 215. 0. 0. Share of Balance 130. 0. 1. Gift from Mr. Reckitt 250. 0. 0. --------------- Anonymous Gift 50. 0. 0. £1,710. 10. 0. Sale of Report 2. 18. 11. =============== Interest on Deposit 2. 11. 1. --------------- £1,710. 10. 0. =============== '''TOTAL CONTRIBUTIONS.''' Philadelphia, £3,321. 0.0. '''BALANCE.''' British Museum, £1,710.10.0. ------------ Philadelphia, 160. 0. 3. £5,031.10.0. British Museum, 130. 0. 1. ============ ------------ '''TOTAL EXPENDITURES''' £290. 0. 4. =========== Philadelphia, £3,160.19. 9. British Museum, 1,580. 9.11. ------------- £4,471. 9. 8. =============:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TOMESOPOTAMIA.STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE PERIODFEBRUARY 1st TO ----- MAY 31st, 1928A. WAGES. Paid out to, workmen on the dig, Feb, 4. Rs. 890. 10. Feb.11. 755. 8. ----- ----- ----- Feb.18. 845. 12. ----- ----- ----- ----- Guards' wages, February, 310. 0. Chauffeur, wages and tip, 55. 0. £ s d 2856. 14. = 214. 5. 4 Foremen from Jerablus, wages (including time for travelling) and tips, 192. 0. 0 Wages of guards to June 30th, advanced to ----- ----- ----- ----- High Commisioner's office 84. 7. 6 Hamoudi, retaining fee to June 30th 12. 0. 0 ditto, balance from 1927 8. 0. 0B. EXPEDITION EXPENSES. Present to Sheikh 500. 0 Small antikas 17. 2 Packing material 290. 0 Messenger to Baghdad 45. 0 Varia purchased for work 101. 14 Stamps and telegrams 59. 13 1013. 13 = 76. 0. 9 Charges by Basra Bank, despatch of specie 13 4. 11 cables etc, 24. 19. 8 Freight on antiquities in Iraq 16. 3. 2 to London, 44. 14. 7 Clarendon Press, offprints of reports, 12. 9. 0 Drugs and medical attendance 21. 19. 0 Stamps and telegrams 1. 7. 2 Photographic account 2. 12. 9 Drawing materials 4. 2. 0 Small varia purchased 3. 5. 1 Wages of boy 3. 6. 0 C. COMBINED ACCOUNT Water contract for February 15. 0. 0 ditto, to June 30th 15. 0. 0 Oil, petrol etc, to date 35. 10. 6 D. LIVING EXPENSES Food stuffs purchased (February) 55. 18. 8 Wages of house servants, and tips 23. 2. 0 879. 8. 3 [OK]:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIATO MESOPOTAMIA.STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR DECEMBER 1924.___________________________________________A. Workmen employed on excavations. (Pounds) s d Wages paid out on Dec.6. 89. 6. 9. Dec.13. 77. 3. 4. Dec.20. 75. 16. 4. Dec.27. 65. 10. 0. Wages of foremen from Jerablus 21. 0. 0. Wages of guards 30. 15. 0. Wage of local agent 6. 15. 6. Wage of chauffeur 6. 0. 0.B. Miscellaneous Expedition expenses. Water contract for month 12. 0. 5. Repairs to car 3. 7. 6. Oxford Press, overprints of Report 2. 19. 6. Messrs. Strick & Co., agents, 4. 14. 4. Railway freight 2. 15. 9. Varia purchased for work 7. 13. 3. Stamps, telegrams & messengers 2. 15. 0. Purchase of small antikas 3. 1. 5.C. Living Expenses Purchase of food-stuffs etc,from Ur, Baghdad & Nasiriyah, Rs.567.8 less Dr. Chiera's part, 150.0 total Rs.417.8. = 31. 6. 10. Household servants' wages 13. 0. 5.D. Petrol, kerosine, fuel oil & lubricating oil 11. 11. 0.E. Salary, C. L. Woolley, 50. 0. 0. ___________________ TOTAL. [Pounds]536. 12. 4. ___________________ Total expenditure to date, as per accounts rendered, [Pounds]1983. 11. 6. ______________________:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIATO MESOPOTAMIA.STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR DECEMBER 1926. Rs. As.A. WAGES. Paid out to workmen on the dig, Dec. 4. 868. 10 Dec. 11. 829. 14. Dec. 18. 818. 12. Dec. 25. 886. 14. Jan. 1. 1021. 1. Guards' wages for five weeks 380. 0. Chauffeur's wages for month 70. 0. £. s. d. [subtotal] 4875. 3. = 365. 3. 7. Wages of foremenn from Jerablus 19. 0 0.16as=1r. 13 1/3 ra = 1£B. TRAVELLING ACCOUNT Mr. Whitburn, from London to Ur 76.13. 2.C. VARIOUS EXPEDITION EXPENSES Basra agents' account to date 65. 10. Spares & repairs for car 151. 2. Oil 56. 3. Small varia purchased for work 43. 14. Local agent 50. 0. Messengers & commission on cheques 5. 12. Purchase of small antikas 52. 8. Stamps & telegrams 31. 3. [subtotal] 456. 4. = 34. 3. 4. Cable sent by Mr. Whitburn 1.14. 1.D. COMBINED ACCOUNT. Water contract for month 200. 0. Railway freight 20. 4. [subtotal] 220. 4. = 16. 9. 5.E. LIVING EXPENSES. Foodstuffs purchased at Baghdad 379. 0. at Ur & Nasiriyah 373. 15. at Basra 16. 0. Varia purchased for the house 88. 12. House servants' wages 175. 0. [subtotal] 1032. 11. = 77. 6.11.F. SALARIES. C. L. Woolley 66.13. 4. A. C. Whitburn, Nov. 21 - Dec. 31, 41. 0. 0. TOTAL £.698. 3.10. OK:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIATO MESOPOTAMIA.STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR DECEMBER 1927.A. WAGES PAID OUT TO WORKMEN December 10. Rs.347. 10 17. Rs.824. 6 24. Rs.729. 4 31. Rs.733. 9 Guards' wages, one month, Rs.310. 0. Driver's wages " " Rs. 60. 0 £ s. d. Rs.5504. 13. = 262. 1. 10. Foremen's wages for month 21. 0. 0.B. VARIOUS EXPEDITION EXPENSES Baskets Rs. 26. 0= small antikas 33. 1. spares for car 18. 4. telegrams, posts & messengers 9l. 3 plaster of paris 13. 0. photo. materials 35. 7. various, 126. 12. 343. 11 = 25. 15. 5.C. COMBINED EXPENSES Water contract 15. 0. 0.D .LIVING EXPENSES. Purchases for house 90. 11 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx Food stuffs from Nasiriyah 349. 2 from Baghdad 165. 12 from Ur 66. 8 672. 1. = 50. 8. 1. House servants' wages 15. 19. 6.E. EXPENSES GOING TO BAGHDAD on three occasions, total, 41. 9. 1. F. SALARIES C. L. Woolley 66. 13. 4. M. E. L. Mallowan 16. 13. 4. TOTAL £717. 0. 7. [OK]:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIATO MESOPOTAMIA.STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR FEBRUARY 1926. Rs. As. £. s. d.A. WAGES. Paid out to workmen on the dig, Feb. 6. 1058. 14. Feb. 13. 902. 3. Feb. 20. 827. 3. Feb. 27. 889. 2. Guards' wages for four weeks 310. 0. Chauffeur, wages for month 70. 0. Sayce, " " " 20. 0. [subtotal] 4077. 6. = 310. 0. 9. Wages of foremen from Jerablus 18. 0 0.B. VARIOUS EXPEDITION EXPENSES Stamps & telegrams 21. 4. Purchase of small antikas 69. 6. Photographic supplies 21. 6. Spares for car 31. 6. Varia 57. 12. [subtotal] 201. 12. = 15. 6. 6.C. COMBINED EXPENSES. Water contract for month 16. 0. 0 Oil and petrol 12.12. 0.D. LIVING EXPENSES. Foodstuffs purchased at Nasiriyah 143. 12. " " " Ur 108. 5. " " " Baghdad 232. 7. [subtotal] 486. 8. = 36.19. 2. Fuel, 32. 6. Lamps and lighting 22. 4. Wages of household servants 159. 0. [subtotal] 213. 10. = 16. 4. 5.E. SALARIES. A. S. Whitburn 28. 0. 0. C. L. Woolley 66.13. 4. TOTAL £519.16. 2.:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIATO MESOPOTAMIA.STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR JANUARY 1926.A. WAGES. Rs. As. £ s d Paid out to workmen on the dig, Jan. 9., 11444. 13 Jan. 16. 1171. 9. Jan. 23. 881. 14. Jan. 30. 1049. 11. Guards, wages for four weeks 310. 0. Chauffeur, wages for month, 70. 0. Sayce, " " ", 20. 0. [subtotal] 4647. 15 = 353. 8. 10 Wages of foremen from Jerablus 18. 0. 0.B. VARIOUS EXPEDITION EXPENSES. Stamps and telegrams 38. 13 Purchase of small antikas 21. 11 Spares for car 6. 10 Freight and customs 6. 5. Payments by Basra agents, duties, wires, 97. 4. Messengers and porters 14. 0. Purchases of small varia, 59. 15 Indian ink 3. 12 Photograph supplies 32. 15 [subtotal] 281. 5. = 21. 7. 8.C. COMBINED EXPENSES. Water contract for month 16. 0. 0. Oil and petrol from Iraq Railways 116. 13 Paint and lamps 18. 13 [subtotal] 135. 10 = 10. 5. 5.D. LIVING EXPENSES. Foodstuffs purchased at Nasiriyah 143. 4. " " " Ur Junction 129. 13 " " " Baghdad 370. 15 [subtotal] 644. 0. = 48.19. 1. Small varia purchased for house 57. 3. = 4. 6. 9. Wages of household servants 178. 0. = 13.10. 8;E. SALARIES. A.S. Whitburn 31. 0. 0. C.L. Woolley 66.13. 4. TOTAL. £583.11. 9.:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIATO MESOPOTAMIA.STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE PERIOD BETWEEN MARCH 1. AND JUNE 30. 1926.A. WAGES. Wages of workmen on dig, March 6. Rs.1700. 2. £ s d March 13. 823. 3. March 20. 303. 0. {subtotal] 2826. 5. = 215. 2. 6. Wages of guards for March 310. 0. " " chauffeur " " 80. 0. [subtotal] 390. 0. = 29. 15. 0. Wages of guards up to June 30. 77. 10. 0. Wages and tips of Jerablus foremen 83. 0. 0. Hamoudi, retaining fee until June 30. 12. 0. 0.B. VARIOUS EXPEDITION EXPENSES. Purchase of small antikas 42. 6. Photographic supplies 14. 0. Packing materials 161. 7. Freight, etc., on antikas 70.15. Spares for car 28.14. Small varia 99. 7. Bed 20. 0. Stamps and telegrams 51. 7. Messengers 35. 0. [subtotal] 523. 8. = 39. 16. 4. Tracing paper 11. 0. Bank charges, insurance of specie etc., 14. 7. 11. Papers 1. 7. 0.C. FOODSTUFFS. Purchased at Ur 66. 0. Purchased at Nasiriyah 91. 2. Purchased at Baghdad 289. 4. [subtotal] 446. 6. = 33. 18. 2.D. PURCHASES FOR HOUSE. Doors and windows 162.14. Small varia 40. 1. [subtotal] 202.15. = 15. 7. 7.E. HOUSE SERVANTS. Wages for March and tips for season, 225.15. = 17. 4. 0:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIATO MESOPOTAMIA.\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 - 21. 1927. ====================[handwritten \"16 as = 1 r.about 13 1/2 rs. = 1 £?\"]A. WAGES.Paid out to workmen on the dig. Jan. 8. 704 Rs. 6 As.Jan. 15. 777 Rs. 4. As.Jan. 22. 831. Rs. 9. As.Jan. 29. 820. Rs. 1. As.Wages of guards for four weeks 310. Rs. 0. As.Chauffeur, wages for month, 70. Rs. 0. As.Local Agent 100. Rs. 0. As.____________3613. Rs. 4. As. = £. 267 13. s. 10. d.Wages of foremen from Jerablus £. 19. 0. s. 0. d.B. VARIOUS EXPEDITION EXPENSES.Purchase of small antikas, 51. Rs. 11. As.Purchase of varia for work 40. Rs. 10. As.Compensation for man killed 100. Rs. 0. As.Father Burrows, travelling to Basra 149. Rs. 12. As.\" \" , hospital & doctor's acct. 299. Rs. 1. As.Taxi for High Commissioner 30. Rs. 0. As.Messengers, stamps & telegrams. Ur. 88. Rs. 7.As.Bank, cost of cash remittances to date, 105. Rs. 11. As.________951. Rs. 14. As. [note. \"5\" crossed out and \"4\" handwritten beneath it] = £.70. 11. s. 2. d. [note, this sum \"£.70. 11.s. 2.d.\" is crossed out and replaced by handwritten £.69. 16.s. 2.d. above it]C. COMBINED ACCOUNT.Water contract for month 200. Rs. 0. As. = £.14. 16.s. 6.d.D. LIVING EXPENSESFoodstuffs from Nasriyah 212. Rs. 4 As.from Ur, 81. Rs. 8 As.from Baghdad, 268. Rs. 1 As.Varia purchased for house 56 Rs. 5 As.House servants' wages 151. Rs. 0. As.__________769 Rs. 2. As. = £.57. 19.s. 0.d.E. SALARIES.A. C. Whitburn, £.31. 0.s. 0.d.C. L. Woolley, £.66. 13.s. 4.d.__________TOTAL. £.527. 13.s. 10.d. [note. this total \"£.527. 13.s. 10.d.\" is crossed out and replaced below by handwritten \"£.526. 18.s. 10.d.\"] ============:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIATO MESOPOTAMIA:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE PERIOD JULY 1st TONOVEMBER 1st, 1930. ----------------------------------------------------A. INTERIM ACCOUNT £ s. d. Wages of guards 92. 5. 0 Water contractor 21. 0. 0. Hamoudi, retaining-fee 16. 0. 0.B. PURCHASES ETC. Norton & Gregory, drawing materials 23. 17. 6. Ensign Ltd., photographic supplies 12. 7. 9. Extra stationery and photographic materials 6. 1. 6. Army & Navy Stores 13. 7. 1. Peter Jones, varia for house, 22. 11. 9. Woolworth, varia for house and dig, 5. 16. 9. Kettle, boxes, 2. 18. 6. Mallett, varia for work 9. 15. 5. Table and household linen, 7. 11. 8. Drugs, 1. 12. 2. Newspapers, 3. 16. 9. Mending instruments, 4. 12. 3. Printing pottery types 14. 4. 0. Furniture bought in Baghdad 12. 8. 8. Varia for car, 2. 6. 6. Freight, 17. 6. 7. Insurance of goods, 1. 10. 6. Cheque Book 10. 0. Telegrams & postage 4. 8. 6. Foodstuffs, 5. 9. 6.C. TRAVELLING Staff and foremen to Ur 534. 18. 2.D. SALARIES C. L. Woolley 266. 13. 4. M. E. L. Mallowan 83. 6. 8. -------------------- TOTAL 1186. 16. 6. ____________________:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIATO MESOPOTAMIA\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR DECEMBER 1928\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"A. Wages Wages paid out to men on dig, Rs. As. Dec. 8. 681. 6 Dec. 15. 644. 3 Dec. 22. 896. 0 Dec. 29. 1362. 14 Wages of the guard for 4 weeks 310. 0 £ s d Driver's wages 52. 0 --------- 9 3946. 7 245. 19. 7 Wages of foreman from Jerablus 21. 0? 0B. Travelling Expenses M. E. L. Mallowan, London - Ur 72. 5. 0c. Expedition Expenses Small antikas 27. 0 Spares for car 93. 8 Stamps and telegrams 71. 14 Spades, knives & baskets 37. 4 Workrable 17 0 Cotton for packing 25. 0 Boxes 53. 0 Messengers 30. 0 Hire of car 65. 0 Photographic bill 25. 0 Small varia 28. 5 -------- 472. 15 35. 9. 3 Medical services 1. 1. 4 Varia purchased in London 1. 10. 0D. Combined Account Water contract for month 15. 0? 0E. Living Expenses House servants' wages 218. 0 Foodstuffs purchased at Ur 91. 9 at Nasiriyah 272. 12 at Baghdad (November acct) 193. 9 at Basra 13. 8 Fodder account 24. 0 Varia for the house 32. 0 Washing 40. 0 -------- 885. 6 66. 8. 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ 458 - 13 - 2 50:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OFPENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA.========================STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR NOVEMBER, 1926.========================================= Rs. As.A. WAGES. Paid out to Workmen on dig, Nov. 6. 1332. 14. Nov. 13. 903. 5. Nov. 20. 664. 1. Nov. 27. 833. 0.16as=1r Guards' wages, including back pay, 570. 0. 328— 0 —013--8531;rs.=1£ Chauffeur's wages for month, 70. 0. £ s [?] [ line ] 4372 4381. 4. = 328. 2. 3. Foremen from Jerablus, for month, 19. 0. 0.B. VARIOUS EXPEDITION EXPENSES. Present to Sheikh 350. 0. Spades & baskets 69. 9. Iron boxes for baking tablets 25. 0. Various purchases 91. 8. Spares for car 43. 0. Purchase of small antoikas 46. 14. Messengers, stamps & telegrams 74. 10. Foremen's tickets 43. 8. Agents' account, Basra, 64. 4. Commission on cheques 7. 0. [ line ] 815. 4. = 61. 1. 4 --10003; 5C. COMBINED EXPENSES. Water for month 220. 0. Oil & petrol in bulk 433. 1..= 48. 18. 1 --10003; [ line ] 653 1 =D. LIVING EXPENSES. Foodstuffs purchased at Ur 84. 12. at Nasiriyah 190. 0. at Basra 16. 0. Purchase of cow 30. 0. Varia for house 200. 2 House servants' wages 188. 0. 53. 3 5 [ line ] 708 635. 14. = 47. 12. 5.E. SALARIES. C. L. Woolley 66. 13. 4. [ line ] TOTAL[arrow] £571. 7. 5. ======================= £576—16—2:
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JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OFPENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIAACCOUNTS FOR THE PERIOD JULY 1 - OCT. 31. 1926. £. s. d.By debit from last season, as shewn, 133. 8. 5.By accounts from last season, since rendered, F. C. Strick & Co., Basra, 3. 2. 8. Iraq Railways, 11. 7. 3.Expenses of interim period Hamoudi, retaining fee 12. 0. 0. Water contract for summer 15. 0. . Payment of guards for summer, 95. 0. 0. Paid to Mr. Whitburn for summer work, 15. 0. 0. Paid to Mr. Mallowan, ditto, with expenses, 25. 6. 8. Miss Paterson, for typing catalogues, etc., 1. 17. 0. Making copies of plans 8. 15. 3. Fares etc., on expedition business, 6. 12. 11. Small purchases for repair of objects 3. 10. 0½ Stamps & telegrams 2. 17. 4½Purchases of stores etc. Cost of stores fetched from Hillah 18. 18. 6. Two trucks for light railway 16. 6. 0. Tracing linen, 3. 18. 6. Stationery 1. 12. 3. Messrs. Luzac & Co., books 4. 10. 5. Messrs. Houghton's, photographic stores 19. 14. 6. Messrs. Lawley, earthenware for house 2. 14. 2. Army & Navy Stores, drugs, foodstuffs etc. 20. 18. 3. Messrs. Kettle, boxes for objects 4. 6. 5. Typewriter cleaned & repaired 1. 17. 6. Small varia 3. 8. 1. Freight on stores 1. 12. 10. Purchases in Baghdad, foodstuffs, car spares etc. 27. 1. 6.Travelling account C. L. Woolley 80. 1. 6. E. Burrows 86. 0. 0. M. E. L. Mallowan 75. 10. 4. extra on luggage 5. 12. 0. Foremen from Jerablus 27. 0. 0.Salary, C. L. Woolley 266. 13. 4. TOTAL £.1014. 18. 5.OK less debit 133.8.5, [total] 881. 10. 0:
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Joint Expedition of the British Museumandof the University of PennsylvaniatoMesopotamia.Statement of accounts for the period ending Nov. 30. 1922A. Preliminary Expenses. C. L. W., travelling between London and Bath on five occasions, & stopping in London, 29 days in all, 31 14 3S. Smith, outfit allowance, 20 0 0P. Hunter, advance (lost) 26 0 0 " Hanwell charges 5 0 0Passports, 7 6Stamps and Telegrams 1 3 10½B. Travelling Expenses Expenses for three persons & luggage to docks 4 3 5½Three fares, London - Basra 195 0 0Extras on voyage, tips, dock charges, etc 19 2 4Two natives, fares from Aleppo - Egypt, with expenses, 26 14 0 " fares Egypt - Basra, with food, 33 0 0C. Purchases for workArmy & Navy Stores; drugs etc., 20 12 4Luzac, books, 7 17 6Houghton, photographic outfit, 21 18 4Norton & Gregory, drawing instruments 52 18 1Kettle, wooden boxes 6 13 6Carchemish Fund, various outfit, 11 17 9½Strong box 2 9 9Prismatic compasses(2) & reading glass 1 7 6Account books, files etc., 11 4Repairing typewriter 15 0Small varia, 1 14 9½Strick Scott & Co., kitchen range 10 0 0Purchases in Iraq, RS. 386/5= 26 8 5D. Miscellaneous Expeditionary Expenses.Freight on goods, London, 8 18 3Bank charges, London, 1 12 6Stamps & telegrams RS. 56/6Railway fares, freight, messengers, etc., 344/3Cabs, boats, porters, tips etc., 222/11Expenses in connection with local sheikh 133Mailing of cash from Basra, 31/10Small baksheesh for antiquities 6/5Tips to police guard 24Hamoudi, small expenses, 107/12Small baksheesh for antiquities 28/11Small varia 17 -------- 971/10 = 64 15 6:
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July 1, 1927My dear Mr. Woolley:Dr. Othmar Baron Potier des Echellesof Wien, Austria, has written us asking for aphotograph of the gold and lapis lazuli daggerwhich was found at Ur of the Chaldees and which was published in the TIMES WEEKLY EDITION ofApril 21, 1927. I have suggested to him thathe get into communication with you. I do notknow whether or not it would be your wish tohave this specimen reproduced in the volumewhich he is getting out. It is a matter whichmust, of course, be left to you. You may wish topublish it first in the official publication ofthe Expedition.With my best regards,Very sincerely yoursSecretaryC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.c/o The British MuseumLondon:
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July 12, 1926Dear Kenyon:I want to congratulate you on your new QUARTERLY. It is a publication that will be of the greatest help to all of us. The printing and illustrations are beautifully done and i am sure that the publication[B]ritish Museum Quarterly will meet with great success.Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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July 13, 1926Dear Woolley:I have your letter of June 20 and have already sent forward the photographs for which you ask: namely the frieze of the inlaid bulls and the frieze of the birds, that pertain to this Museum from the excavations at Tell el Obeid. I am also sending you a coloured drawing of the Temple of Tell el Obeid. this is the only coloured drawing from that site that we have received. I therefore do not quite understand your statement that all of the Tell el Obeid [c]oloured drawings are in Philadelphia. There are coloured drawings of some pieces of pottery which are not marked in any way. I have always assumed that these pieces of pottery were found in Ur. Very truly yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.The British MuseumLondon, England:
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July 13, 1927My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:The S.S. LONDON EXCHANGE which leftthis port on July 9th carries five casesaddressed to you and I am sending you herewithBill of Lading and insurance papers in duplicatecovering this shipment.The cases contain those specimensfrom the Third Expedition which, according tothe correspondence between the President of thisMuseum and yourself under dates of April 14thand May 27th, from the British Museum's share in the division of the finds of that Expedition.Of the results of the Third expedition we have retained the large stela, and the following specimens:Cones #2648 -- 2 out of 4ââ 3249 -- 2 ââ ââ 5 ââ 2759 -- 1 ââ ââ 3ââ 2611--- 1 broken specimenââ 2564 -- fragmentBronze dog #2867Brick of Adadapal IdinnamThe balance of the material is going forward toyou.To complete the division of the Thirdand Fourth expedition we have still to receivefrom you at your convenience the Sargonidalabaster disk and the archaic fragment.I hope that the shipment will reach you in good order.Very sincerely yoursSecretarySIR FREDERIC KENYON, DirectorThe British Museum [\"useum\" handwritten]:
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July 13, 1928My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon: On the eve of my holiday I want tosend you a line to say that within a week orten days we shall send you a draft onBrown Shipley and Company in the sum of£359-12-6 to cover our share of the cost ofUR TEXTS, which you say in your letter ofJune 16th will be despatched to us shortly.I wish that it might be possible for us to send some one out to join theexpedition next season. Unfortunatelywe have no one available just now; Dr. Legrainwe cannot spare him. I hope that another yearwe may have some one who will be properlyequipped to assist Mr. Woolley.The last batch of photographs of theUr objects that Mr. Woolley sent to us areamazingly beautiful. I wish that I might see your exhibition this year.Yours sincerelySecretarySIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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July 13, 1928My dear Sir Frederic:In the absence of our President, Dr.Harrison, I am writing to you with reference toour Joint Expedition to Ur. Our Board ofManagers at their monthly meetings held duringthe year have heard with much interest of the splendid results of the season;s campaign and atthe June meeting learned of the opening in youMuseum of the exhibition of the Ur collectionson June 23d.The time has now arrived when we mustconsider the division of the finds not only ofthis season but of the season 1927. Withthis in min, the Board has asked Dr. Legrain toundertake this division for us at such time asmay suit the convenience of yourself and themembers of your Staff. Dr. Legrain is sailingfor France on August 1st and returns to thiscountry on September 29th. He will therefore beavailable at any time which you may name betweenthe tenth of August and the twenty ninth ofSeptember. To Dr. Legrain is given by ourBoard full authority to complete the task ofdividing the finds of the two seasons. He willno doubt send you a line upon his arrival inFrance. As he will be leacing America before Icould receive an answer from you to this letter, may I ask that you communicate with him direct?His address will be 49 Foubourg du Temple, Paris,c/o M. Ed. Legrain.With my best regards, I am Very faithfully yours[handwritten] (signed) C. Emory McMichaelVice PresidentSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirector, The British Museum:
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July 14, 1925My dear Kenyon:I have not heard from you since May 29th and I suppose that you are now enjoying your vacation. I hope that it is a pleasant summer in England. Here it is exceedingly dry and hot, but just now we are getting some relief.I am very sorry that there is no prospect of my going to England this summer; in fact I shall not be able to leave the Museum. I have not yet heard of the progress of the Ur exhibit in the Museum, but I have no doubt that it is already installed and is attracting attention. Dr. Legrain is at work here and seems to have enjoyed his winter at Ur.A short time ago I wriote to you about a newspaper statement here to the effect that a part of the site of Ur had been assigned to someone else. The newspaper now explains this was a mistake. I do not know how the mistake arose, but I was quite sure from the beginning that it had no foundation.I shall be glad to hear from you at your convenience and will be interested in any news you may have about your plans for next season at Ur.With my best regards for Lady Kenyon and your two daughters, I remainVery sincerely yours:
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July 16, 1926Dear Woolley: I have just received your letter of June 25 enclosing your accounts from March 1 to June 30, 1926 and also a summary statement of the expenses of the year. I shall take up the question of the £120 that represents the excess of expenditure over the estimates at a later and a convenient time. In the meantime, I note that your estimate for next year is the same as for last year, namely £5000. The question of the division is important however it is going to be accomplished. I hope that the division may be made before the summer is over. With reference to the collections from last year, most or all of which are now in this Museum, I understand that both yourself and the British Museum authorities feel that the stela should be balanced against the rest of the collection. I am not altogether clear, however, whether you regard the small sculptured fragments as belonging to the stela or whether those fragments would belong to the other share. I suppose that where duplicates occur, such as door sockets, they would be divided, each Museum taking one of the duplicates. I shall be writing Kenyon soon upon this subject of division. Miss McHugh will be in London in the latter part of July or in August and perhaps a division of the two years' finds may be arranged at that time. With best regards,Very sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.:
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July 18, 1923My dear Woolley:-Miss McHugh suggest the following plan for the remittance of the (pound symbol)500/- from the Ur publication fund for your current uses. She has arranged for Messrs. Brown, Shipley & Company to issue you a Letter of Credit in this amount against which you can draw as needed be and in any amount up to five hundred pounds. For her records this is the most satisfactory way and, as well, is more economical in the long run. It also has the virtue, from our viewpoint, of preserving our cash balances which at the beginning of a fiscal year is desirable. Nevertheless, it is quite understood that if you need all this money at once, you are at liberty to withdraw it all, but if not, it should be equally convenient to you to get it from Brown, Shipley on the Letter of Credit rather than opening a special bank account for it. You will probably receive notice from Brown, Shipley & Company in the course of the next few days. If you do not, I suggest you call at their office, 123 Pall Mall. Yours always sincerely,Horace H. F. JayneDIRECTOR.:
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July 18, 1932. My dear Woolley: Miss McHugh suggests the following plan for the remittance of the 6500/- from the Ur publication fund for your current uses. She has arranged for Messrs. Brown, Shipley & Company to issue you a Letter of Credit in this amount against which you can draw as need be and in any amount up to five hundred pounds. For her records this is the most satisfactory way and, as well, is more economical in the long run. It also has the virtue, from our viewpoint, of pre-serving our cash balances which at the beginning of a fiscal year is desirable. Nevertheless, it is quite understood that if you need all this money at once, you are at liberty to with-draw it all, but if not, it should be equally convenient to you to get it from Brown & Shipley on the Letter of Credit rather than opening a special bank account for it. You will probably receive notice from Brown, Shipley & Company in the course of the next few days. If you do not, I suggest you call at their office, 123 Pall Mall.Yours always sincerely, Horace H. F. Jayne DIRECTOR. C. Leonard Woolley, Esq., c/o British Museum, London, England.:
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July 21, 1948 file Woolley file Ur Excavation Publication(hand written notation)Sir Leonard Woolley new Hall, Henfield> Sussex SirleonardDear Sir Leonard:I have discussed the suggestions in your letter of July 8th with the President of our Board of Managers and we both agree that the procedure outlined by you is entirely practical. We see no reason why the Oxford Press should not publish the next Volume of Ur Excavations and distribute it directly both in this country and in England. This certainly would increase the amount of money made available through sales of the Volume by reason of a lowered discount when possible if a part of the issue is distributed through University of Pennsylvania Press. We can hope that the returns from publication of Volume VI will be sufficient to produce a subsequent volume. At least this should keep the publication going which is most desirable from our point of view.To state my understanding of the matter as simply as possible let me say that I will forward to you or the British Museum, which ever you prefer, the $1233.67 now held here in the special Ur Publication account; you will arrange the publication of Volume VI by the Oxford Press utilizing this money together with that held by the British Museum; the Oxford Press will distribute that volume both abroad and in the United States receiving 33;% for distribution costs; all money received from those sales will be forwarded to you or the British Museum for deposit in the Excavations Fund; moneys received from sale of copies held in England will also be deposited in a special fund in England; and finally, we will consider that decision as to the order of publication of subsequent volumes will rest with you.I am sending on to you under separate cover Dr. Legrain's manuscript of the volume on Terra Cottas. This completes the preparation of archaeological material which will make the decision as to when and how this volume shall be published. This whole arrangement seems to place all of the responsibility on you and I do not wish you to feel that we are simply shucking off our responsibility. It is rather that I feel that you are in the best position to carry through publication of Ur in the most practical manner. We certainly will give you all the support possible and will remain very much interested in the progress of the publication. In this connection I shall attempt to arrange a special advertisement of the reduced price of Volume II in an attempt to sell the remaining copies just as soon as it can be arranged with the Univeristy Press. Money thus obtained will be forwarded directly upon receipt.I hope that my understanding of the arrangements as summerized her meets with your approval and that you can arrange to publish the next volume with our combined funds at hand. Very best wishes in your enterprise. Please feel free to call upon me if there is anything else I can do to assist. Please advise as to whom I should direct the check for the funds presently held here.Very sincerely yours,Froelich Rainey DirectorFR:GS:
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July 22, 1926Dear Kenyon, I have learned with regret of the death of Miss Gertrude Lowthian Bell at Baghdad and I have naturally been wondering how the expedition and any future work in Iraq is going to be affected. Naturally it will depend on who Miss Bell's successor shall be. One could always depend on Miss Bell's intelligence and sympathy and doubtless her death will be a very great loss to all of us. I hope however that in the appointment of her successor, everything will be considered. By this time, no doubt, the finds for 1924-25 at Ur have been arranged for exhibition in the British Museum except those pieces that were retained at Baghdad. It is time to take up the question of the division of the 1924-25 collection all of which, as I understand the situation, is now in this Museum unless some duplicates may have been retained in the British Museum. I suppose that the large stela should be balanced against the rest of the collection so that whoever gets the stela reliquishes the rest. I understand that that would be your view except that where there are duplicate inscriptions, naturally one would go to the each Museum. I am a little uncertain too about the small fragments of a stela, whether they should be regarded as belonging to the large stela or whether they should go with the rest of the collection. I should be inclined to regard them as a part:
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July 22, 1929My dear Sir Frederic:Thank you very much for your letter of June 19, which I should have answered sooner except for an unusual press of work. Mr Mallowan was here some days ago, and we were glad to learn from him that the exhibition of the finds of last season is open and has proven attractive. I was also pleased to learn from your letter that Father Burrows is able to go again as cuneiformist and that Mr. Whitburn will perhaps be available. While I am still anxious to have an American on the expedition as soon as it can be conveniently arranged, I have considered with care Mr Woolley's stand in the matter. I am quite in agreement with him about the desirability of the leader of an expedition having a decisive voice in the selection of the staff; and therefore, it seems necessary to relenquish the hope that we can have an American on the staff of the joint expedition for the coming season. I am, however, making arrangements that look toward providing Mr. Woolley with a trained American for the year after. I trust that he will find the arrangement acceptable at that time. I am going to trespass unduly upon your time with regard to a plan which the Board of Managers of the Museum have recently formulated. The reason I feel at greater liberty to ask your advice is that your recent article in the January number of the NINETEENTH CENTURY has interested me very much and is directly in line with recent developments at the University Museum. The idea of the Board is to found a school for the practical training of archaeologists in connexion with the Museum. We are constantly troubled by lack of trained men to undertake our excavations as apparently are you in England. It:
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July 24, 1924My dear Kenyon:I have received your letter of July 11. When the scheme of a Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia was originally proposed, it was our thought that a site should be chosen and scientifically worked with the prospect of a continuous campaign over several seasons. It was also understood that no definite pledge could be given on the part of either Museum since the funds would have to be subscribed from year to year and could not be reckoned upon in advance. It was my wish and expectation that in undertaking a large and important site such as Ur, the Joint Expedition should be able to work at it for a series of seasons and make a good job of it.These are practically the words of the first paragraph of your letter. It is clear that our purposes were identical. We have no desire to abandon that purpose. On the contrary, it would be our wish to give it the fullest effect.My supporters are perfectly well aware that the results of a season's digging are uncertain and I can state that no dissatisfaction has been felt by them over the discoveries made. There is among them a very distinct conception of and a very real interest in a just and reasonable division of such things as may be found by the Expedition.Dissatisfaction has been expressed on account of the want of agreement between Mr. Woolley's estimates and the requirements of the two expeditions. During the first year when a shortage developed which resulted in cutting short the season's work, I was able to give a fairly satisfactory explanation on the ground that no expedition had worked in Mesopotamia since the war and Mr. Woolley's original estimates were therefore:
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July 24.'24Dear GordonI wrote this enclosed letter on the [?9?]th of this month: but was so rushed with getting ready the exhibition that I had not a spare hour to go round to the U.S.A. consulate & get the certificate made out until two days age. So there has been a long delay but here is the thing at last. When I was at the consulate I could not remember (& had not:
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July 26, 1932 My dear Woolley:- I wish to acknowledge your letter of July 12th enclosing your final financial reports for last season. I have no doubt it is in perfect order and I shall turn it over to Miss McHugh, who is now on her vacation. The matter of the sixty pounds due from us on next year's budget is perfectly plain. I take it, in other words, that instead of requiring £1500/ from us you will require £1560/ to complete your total fund of £4000/. This is not troublesome since we had allowed, in our estimates, a small amount over and above the £1500/ that Mr. Hill wrote me on June 9th would be required.Yours sincerely, Horace H. F. Jayne DIRECTOR C. Leonard Woolley, Esq. British Museum London, W.C. 1, England:
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July 29, 1924My dear Kenyon:I thank you for your letter of July 15. You understand of course that in quoting a part only of the footnote, it was not my purpose to give undue weight to any particular expression by detaching it from its context. My only thought was to condense a rather long passage. I note that upon reading the footnotes as a whole you were reli[ins]e[/ins]ved to find that it \"was not so bad as that part which I quoted when ready by itself.\" It is a very agreeable thought that so good a judge as yourself can take this view. I may say that for my part I find the reverse to be the case. The whole seems worse than the part. What is one to make of the reference to \"destruction of evidence?\" I am afraid that it was rather unfortunate as well as unnecessary to make this comparison between Maudslay's work and the work of others. I presume that Mr. Joyce never did any excavating.I really wish that Joyce in his very laudable concern for the \"responsibilities of the excavator\" had been a little more aware of the responsibilities of the writer. Also I wish that he would not confuse me and God. It is not scientific.There is at this time a greatly increased interest here in the Ruins of Copan, the most important antiquity on the American continent. It would be preserved from further injury and subjected to further investigation, if it were not for the suspicious and hostile attitude of the native Government, an attitude in which the Honduras Government is not alone, even if it worse than most.I was very much pleased to see the Maudslay cast exhibited in the British Museum.:
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July 30, 1928Sir Frederic Kenyon, DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, EnglandDear Sir:Your letter of July 13 addressedto Miss McHugh and enclosing a statementof the accounts of the Expedition for lastseason has been received. We have alsoreceived a letter from Mr. Woolley and hisprogramme for next season. Miss McHughis taking her annual holiday but will, I am sure, write you with reference to thevarious matters covered by your letter onher return to the Museum in about threeweeks.Very respectfully yours:
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July 31, 1928Dear Mr. Woolley:Miss McHugh is away on hervacation so I want to acknowledge thereceipt of your letter of July 11 enclos-ing your accounts and the programme fornext season and the photograph for whichwe asked and for which we thank you.I have showed your letter to Dr. Legrainwho is delighted that the exhibition issuch a success. He is sailing for Francetomorrow and will be coming over to Londonsoon to visit the British Museum. MissMcHugh will be returning to the Museumabout the middle of August when I knowshe will write you with reference to boththe accounts and next season's dig.Very truly yoursC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.The British MuseumLondon:
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July 6, 1931Dear Mr. Woolley:-Thank you for your letter of June 18th which I was glad to have since it enables me to go forward with more definite lecture arrangements for you. Before your letter came we have had an initial success -- at least I hope you will so consider it in fixing two dates, October 25th in Providence, October 27th in Boston each at $200. My only fear is that as I gather from your letter that these are perhaps a trifle late since apparently you originally planned to leave before November first. I hope I may dissuade you from this and successfully urge a slight postponement of your departure. In both instances these were the earliest dates the two museums could give and it would be a considerable pity to relinquish such good engagements. So far as the Eastern Museum and Universities are concerned I believe that the latter will be the most acceptable and I have little hope that we can place any between September first and October 5th. I note that this is the period during which the authorities at Oberlin believe they can arrange other lectures for you, so that it is very satisfactory.If you will agree to stay until just after November first, I feel fairly confident that I can arrange a minimum of four other lectures between October 18th and 25th at Worcester, New Haven, New York, Baltimore, or Washington at the same figure which, subtracting travel expenses would net you over a thousand dollars; nor do I believe that this would be too heavy a schedule since they would all be at places close together and would not necessitate long trips on sleeping cars.My wish to have yourstay until November first is not wholly unselfish for I could then schedule you as the first lecturer of our autumn Saturday afternoon course on October 31st, which would be in every way admirable. But if you feel it imperative to leave earlier, I do not wish you to think this is a strong or necessary argument.There seems to be, further, a good chance of arranging a group of three lectures to be given during your stay in Philadelphia which should easily cover your expenses while here. Living costs have materially dropped since you were last here and I think you will find them moderate. I shall write you further about these Philadelphia lectures when I have more definite details.:
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July 8, 1938Dear Mr. Saty, The matter of reproductions of certain objects from Ur has, I find to my chagrin, been deferred overlong, and Imust ask you to accept my apologies. I had not realized thatno further word has been sent you in this regard since my letter to you of nearly two years past. I had supposed the matter hadgone through along the lines I wrote you at that time. But thecorrespondence must have been inadvertently files and has nowturned up with a note attached to it that the reproduction ofthe lapis cup is ready for sending but that Dr. Legrain (who was in Europe when I wrote) had examined the other pieces and as Curator could not recommend their reproduction on account oftheir fragility. I know that Dr. Legrain's recommendation wouldonly be based on a wish that no harm should come to the originals in your keeping, and I feel it only proper to abide by it. You are, I feel sure, appreciative of the difficulties and hazards of making adequate replicas of similar delicate objects, and if you can overlook the great delay, understand out position in thisregard.The lapis cup reproduction goes forward to you at the earliest date. For this we shall make no charge in view of the above delays and difficulties.May I also take this opportunity of extending to youand your department the thanks of the Museum for your courtesiesto our field expeditions in Iraq.Yours sincerely,Horace H. F. JayneDirectorSaty Beq[?] al-HisriDirector of AntiquitiesBaghdad, Iraq:
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July 8th 1926Dear Woolley--This is personal and confidential. In your letter of Nov. 30th last; written from Ur, you mentioned the name of Mrs. Keeling as having been a visitor to the camp of the Expedition at Ur the year before and as having returned as a volunteer assistant. As you have not had reason to mention Mrs. Keeling again and as Dr.Legrain has not mentioned her presence in camp, it is unlikely that the subject should have occurred to me had it not begun to give rise to some slight and inconsequential comment on the part of people entirely outside of the archaeological interests and outside our acquaintance.The work of the expedition at Ur and everyone connected with it are subjects of interest and discussion from Baghdad to Philadelphia. Tourists and others returning from Iraq and Palestine make it an important part of their recollections through most of them know it only from hearsay.Perhaps the presence of a lone woman with four men in camp makes a more interesting figure for some of them than the outline of ziggurats. In any case I should be a little apprehensive that a woman in that situation might incur the risk of becoming the subject of inconsiderate remarks which though they might be treated as negligible by their subject could not be regarded as matter of indifference by you or anyone in a responsible position. Perhaps you will wish to give the matter your best consideration with a view to removing that risk. I do not know how important you may consider Mrs. Keeling's worth as an assistant , but without detracting from her in any way and quite apart from the circumstances that I have mentioned I have very grave doubts, which amount to a conviction, about the wisdom of having any volunteer assistants on the expedition.With every good wish and with entire confidence that I can as usual, count upon your excellent judgement.I remain always very sincerely,G.B. Gordon:
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June 1, 1926My dear Kenyon:This is merely to acknowledge your letter of May 11 and more particularly to congratulate you on the ending of the general strike. It was a very fine performance.I hope that Woolley's cases arrived safely. I have not heard from Legrain but I suppose that he will soon be on his way to Philadelphia.We finally had our Opening of the New Wing, called the Eckley Brinton Coxe, Jr. Memorial Wing, on May 18. All the conditions were very favourable and the affair was quite successful. The new wing is now open to the public, one hall being devoted entirely to the collections from Ur. Under separate cover I am sending you three photographs. Two of these show the Ur Room quite imperfectly and the other shows the use that we have made of the reproductions of your two Egyptian red granite lions. These are used quite effectively as supports to the Memorial Tablet on the wall.Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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June 10, 1925Messrs. E. H. Bailey & Co.406 Sansom StreetPhiladelphiaDear Sir:We are shipping today by American Railway Express one box addressed to Messrs. Pitt & Scott, 55 Front Street, New York City, marked W/B 2095. This box is sent to Messrs. Pitt and Scott for reforwarding to the fol-lowing address.MR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYTHE BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON, ENGLANDThe contents of the box are as fol-lows.1 gold ring22 small gold ornamentsFragment bronze mirrorBronze mirrorThe value of this consignment is $800. and we would like to have insurance placed on the box to this amount. All charges on the box are to be prepaid.Will you be kind enough to give the proper instructions to Messrs. Pitt & Scott for the shipment of this box to Mr. Woolley?Very truly yoursSecretary:
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June 12, 1924Dear Doctor Legrain:I hope that this will find you enjoying yourself after a very pleasant trip to Paris. I have two objects in writing to you just now. One is to ask whether you will, some time at your convenience, call upon Mr. Maurice Nahman who gives as his Paris address, Credit Foncier Egyptien, 14 rue Lafayette. I knew this gentlemen in Cairo where he has a house and where he is in business and I have just had a letter from him telling me that he is visiting Paris at the end of June and has given me the above address. He tells me that he has some very fine Egyptian objects, but I do now know whether he has brought them with him to Paris or not. If he has done so, I would be glad if you would take a look at them and let me know what they are like.The other matter that I have in mind is this. Woolley is unpacking the Ur collections in the British Museum and I gather that he will need some help in classifying them. At the end of your vacation it might be a good plan for you to arrange with the British Museum to put in a while working on these collections. It would be in order then to make a division between the British Museum and this Museum. As I shall probably not be in London this summer myself, we may ask you to represent the Museum in making this division.Very sincerely yours,G.B. Gordon [handwritten signature]Dr. Leon Legrainc/o M.A. Legrain3 rue de ChartresNevilly s/SeineParis, France:
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June 12, 1928My dear Mr. Woolley:I was glad to receive your letter of June 1st and to hear that you are planning to come to the United States in the spring of 1929. We shall all be delighted to have you with us once again and it will be very gratifying to the Board to hear that we shall have lectures by you on the work of our Joint Expedition. I shall keep the dates open after March 14th and we will count upon having a series of three lectures. We would, of course, wish to have you give your lectures in the Museum before appearing elsewhere, and I am sure that this would be in accord with your own thoughts in the matter.I was sorry to hear that Mrs. Woolley had returned from Ur so very ill. I do hope that she has now completely recovered her health and that we are to have the pleasure of welcoming her also in America next spring.A visit from Dr. MacIver who with Mrs. MacIiver spent a few hours hero a week ago, recalled very happily the days when you and he were with us here. He was much pleased with our Ut exhibition as I hope you will be.We are eagerly awaiting the arrival of the complete set of photographs so that we may see the new objects of which you speak in your letter and we are hoping each, day to receive a copy of UR TEXTS which I judge should now be off the press.With my best regards, I remain Very sincerely yours(Unsigned)C. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.The British Museum ----- Secretary:
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June 14, 1929.Sir Frederick Kenyon, Director,The British Museum,London, W.C., England.My dear Sir Frederic:One of the Vice Presidents of the University Museum, Mr. Charles L. Borie, intends to visitLondon this summer and since he is one intimately concernedin the administration of the Museum, its collections andexpeditions, he is going to give himself the pleasure of calling on you. I am, therefore, taking the liberty ofgiving him a formal letter of introduction to you feelingsure that you will find him agreeable and that meeting himwill serve to contribute further towards the pleasant re-lationship that exists between our two institutions.Yours very sincerely, Horace H.F. JayneDIRECTOR.J/n:
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June 15, 1929Dear Doctor LegrainThe enclosed cable has just been received. I have sent a week end cable to Hall as followsLEGRAIN NOW IN EUROPE CANNOT RACH HIM UNTIL JUNE 21 HAVE ASKED HIM TO COMMUNICATE WITH YOU HE WROTE YOUR MUSEUM SOMETIME AGO FOR APPOINTMENT FOR DIVISIONAs soon as you receive this note, could you get into communication with Mr. Hall and let him know when you can go over for the division? I wonder what happened to your letter that you wrote weeks ago.Sincerely yours:
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June 16th, 1933Dr. L. Legrain, Curator, Babylonian Section, University Museum.Dear Dr. Legrain: At a stated meeting of the Board of Managers of the University Museum, held on March 17, 1933, the Director was authorized to sell the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, two groups of jewelry from the Royal Tombs at Ur.The objects selected and purchased by the Metropolitan Museum of Art are covered on the attached list which I am sending you for your records.Very truly yours,:
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June 19, 1935Dear Mrs. Johnson:-I wish to acknowledge your letter of yesterday and your cheque for membership dues enclosed. I wish also to thank you for the additional contribution of $2.00.I am glad you have written as you have about the Museum's present problems, with special reference to the unfortunate fact that it was found necessary to drop Miss Fernald among other members of the staff. It is courteous indeed of you to bring to my attention your attitude towards our policies and present me with the opportunity to state our case, and I appreciate it.Throughout these extremely difficult years the one administration policy that I held firm to was that the Museum's scientific staff should be kept intact, even though it meant the sacrifice of many another of our activities. We have undeviatingly followed this policy until the present time, and we have done this despite the entire withdrawl of our $50,000. City appropriation in 1931, which represented just a little less than half of our operation income. Only existence of this appropriation had made it possible to build up the scientific staff to the high point in quality which we attained. When it was removed possibly it would have been easier then and there to drop the major part of the members, but we did not feel that this was the course of wisdom. Instead we made unbelievable economies in every possible way, all the employees from the Gurantors and executives to the guards and labourers accepting successive cuts that now average well over thirty per cent--and the Museum never paid anyway on a scale comparable with similar institutions here or elsewhere. Operating expenses were cut to the bone, so much so that even our primary obligation of keeping the collections adequately protected would have been hazarded had we gone any further .These bitterly difficult steps were paralleled with constant efforts to increase our income from every possible source. Many seemingly obvious avenues are closed to us; the University cannot be prevailed upon to give us a penny of financial assistance, although it rests its successful appeal for State funds not a little on our prestige and our work with the Public School children; we are not permitted, under the City's grant of the land on which the Museum is built, to charge any sort of admission; we have never had the resources to finance a great campaign --even if such had been desirable -- for endowment, and the door of many a likely donor is barred to us because the University had other ideas toward which to direct his or her possible generosity.Nevertheless, we have made distinct progress; where almost every other institution has lost members during the past few years we have increased the number of our members by well over fifty per cent since 1932; we have devised means and obtained grants that make our educational work now virtually self-supporting; we have uncovered small streams of revenue that:
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June 21, 1932 George F. Hill, Esq. British Museum London, W. C. 1Dear Mr. Hill:- I wish to acknowledge your letter of June 9th telling me the exact sum required for us to make upour half of Mr. Woolley's budget for his next campaign at Ur. It seems a large reduction, but isnevertheless very welcome. The Museum will gladly undertake to pay its contribution in the sum of£ 1500/ sterling, and we shall be able to make payments on account at about the same times as wedid last year.Yours sincerely, Horace H. F. Jayne DIRECTOR:
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June 24, 1930Dear Mr. Woolley:Is it premature to take up with you the possibility of including one of our men on the staff of the Joint Expedition? You will remember that we spoke of this last spring when you were in this country and corresponded further about it. I feel, therefore, that you understand my position in the matter and though I am naturally extremely unwilling to hamper your plans in any way, I am anxious, nevertheless, to have the University Museum keep its end up in the actual excavating.The reason I am writing at this time is because I understand that Gordon Loud who was one of the architects with Dr. Frankford at Korsabad may be available. He has a working knowledge of Arabic and before his connexion with the work at Khorsabad has had field experience in Egypt. Dr. Frankfort I understand thinks well of his work when I met him I though him personally a very pleasant chap, who would be an agreeable companion in the field. I should not, naturally, wish to approach him unless I heard that you [w]ere favourably disposed towards him and I should, therefore, be obliged if you could let me know how you feel in this regard at your early convenience.Please remember me to Mrs. Woolley, and believe meYours sincerelyHorace H.F. Jayne DIRECTORC. Leonard Woolley, Esq. The British Museum London, England:
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June 25, 1930My dear Sir Frederic:I am soon going to write to Mr. Woolley urging him next year to include an American on the staff of the Joint Expedition. I have good hopes that for the position of architect, Gordon Loud, who was last year with Dr. Frankfort at Khorsabad and two years before that in Egypt, may be available. He is experienced in fieldwork and of course has a working knowledge of Arabic. He is besides as agreeable comanion, therefore, I feel he would be an acceptable member of the Staff.I know you are sympathetic with our desire to have someone from this country on the Expedition, yet I should not wish to suggest anything that would not be agreeable to you.My visit to Ur this spring was most interesting; it gives a far more vivid picture of the results of the work so far and the possibilities for the future to have been there. My only regret was that the season was closed and I missed seeing the Woolleys.Will you let me hear from you at your convenince in regard to the above matter, and believe meYour sincerely Horace H. F. Jayne DIRECTORSir Frederic Kenyon, Director The British Museum London, England:
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June 27, 1928Dear Mr. Woolley:Thank you for sending the splendid photographs of the objects some of which have been restored. They are indeed most interesting and Dr. Legrain showed, I think, more excitement over them than anything that has come from you. We seem to have been very fortunate indeed in the division and I congratulate you upon it.I am giving a letter of introduction to you to the Rev. Dr. R.C. Helfenstein who is a very dear friend of Mr. Eldridge R. Johnson, the Chairman of our Board and formerly the President of the Victor Talking Machine Company; he is much interested in the Museum and is one of our most generous benefactors. Anything that you can do for Dr. Helfenstein who comes to London in August will I know be much appreciated by Mr. Johnson.Very sincerely yours[no signature]SecretaryMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEY:
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June 27, 1928My dear Dr. Hall:I owe you many apologies for not having acknowledged before this the safe arrival on May 18th of the box contining the three Ur specimens and the set of photographs which you were kind enough to despatch to us. It was not until I received your letter of June 19th that I discovered that T had not written you about this matter. It had been in my mind that I had sent word to Sir Frederic Kenyon that the box had reached us safely, but by referring to our correspondence I find that this was not the case. So many duties have recently fallen to my lot that now and then an important matter is overlooked. I am particularly sorry that I should have been so negligent in sending an earlier acknowledgment to you of the receipt of the specimens and the photographs. Many thanks for your kind attention to the shipment.Sincerely yoursSecretaryDR. H. R. HALL,The British MuseumLondonEngland:
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June 27, 1928My dear Mr. Esdaile:I have received your letter of June 19th with reference to the shipment to us of the box containing the stone relief of the moon disk and the two fragments from Ur; also the set of Ur photographs from Ur for the season 1926-27 and I wish to acknowledge its safe arrival on May 18th. In this mail I am notifying Dr. Hall of the receipt of the box and have sent to him as I wish now to send to you my apologies for this tardy acknowledgment.Sincerely yours(Unsigned)SecretaryMR. A. ESDAILESecretaryThe British MuseumLondonEngland:
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June 28, 1924Dear Kenyon:I have just received your letter dated June. 24 acknowledging mine of May 26th. I quite understand the situation that makes the loan of Mr. Whaley impracticable. I felt that this might well be the case. My suggestion was made on the change of your being in a position to spare him temporarily.With regard to the treatment of the objects from Ur I can state that our own skilled repairers can quite well take care of our own share. We should not expect such objects as the copper bulls assigned to us to be repaired by the British Museum,but to be sent to us as they came from Ur. The only good purpose that might be served by having them repaired in London would be for the sake of your exhibition.It appears that I am not coming over this summer. I have just begun the installation of the new wing and this will keep me for many months. Dr. Leon Legrain, Curator of the Babylonian Section, is now visiting Paris and has planned to be in London and will represent the Museum in making the division of the Ur finds. I will be very much obliged to you if you will arrange this division with him while he is in London. He will also be prepared to help with the classification of the objects.You ask whether I have any proposals to make with regard to the staff next season. I have received in this connection a proposal from Woolley and I enclose a copy of my answer.There are two questions to be decided. First: whether a joint expedition shall be sent next year, and second: who will make up the personnel of the staff. With regard to the latter question we would be prepared to send Dr. Legrain and an architect who is also a competent and experienced archaeologist, to represent this Museum on the expedition. With regard to the first question, the situation here is this. We have at the present time no funds for an expedition to Ur nesxt season. I am not sure that we shall be able to secure them, the difficulty of obtaining funds for this purpose having been greatly increased for us since last year.I would very much like to go on with the work and do our share. I shall be prepared to do my best.If I should be able to raise one half of the funds re-:
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June 29, 1925The DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, EnglandDear Sir, We are shipping you today by S. S. LONDON COMMONER from Philadelphia direct to London one case containing a cast of the stela of Ur Engur. This fragment was found in a former year's excavation and is a part of the large stela found in this year's excavation. The cast is being sent at the request of Mr. C. Leonard Woolley.Very truly yoursDirector:
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June 2nd. 1919.Sir Frederick Kenyon, Director,The British Museum,LONDONDear Sir Frederick Kenyon,My thought in writing to you now is to recallmy conversation with you in your office recently, and to puton record briefly the substance of that conversation, in orderthat you may have it beforeyou as a memorandum for yourconvenience.It occurs to me that a formal statement on mypart of the matters which it was my desire to lay before youmay serve the double pupose of saving your time and facili-tating such action as may in good time be taken. The proposals which I made to you for considerat-tion in due course were as follows on behalf of the UniversityMuseum of Philadelphia, U.S.A.:-a.-) In as much as it is publiclyannounced that theBritish Government will receive and accept a mandate to governMesopotamia, and will administer that territory from this timeforward, and have jurisdiction over the archaeological interestsof Mesopotamia, and as the authority thus constituted isbelieved to be highly beneficial to the cause of archaeologiaalscience, inasmuch as it is likely to afford opportunities forexcavation and scholarly research that have not heretoforeobtained in this region, therefore the University Museumdesires through these means to give notice to the agents of the British Government of its definite scientific interestin Mesopotamia as a field for archaeological research.b.-) With a view to defining this interest, theUniversity Museum begs respectfully to lay before you thefollowing proposals:-I. That the entire site of ancient Nippur shouldbe reserved and set aside as a locality on which the University Museum has a prior claim for the right toexcavate, and that at such time as may hereafter be found convenient, a concession be granted to the Univer-sity Museum conveying the right to excavate Nippur:
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June 30, 1932Beginning with the month of July the Museum's financial situation unfortunately requires that a further reduction be made in compensation to the staff. In order to bring our expenditures within our heavily reduce income without destroying the fundamental organization o the Museum of discharging essential members of the staff, the Board of Managers has adopted the following measures: 1. A horizontal cut of ten per cent in all salaries and wages. 2. One month's vacation for the staff without pay.While it is clearly recognized that this is a heavy additional burden to ask of the staff to bear, it has seemed on the whole the most just way to meet an extremely difficult situation.The month chosen for the payless vacation is August, during which the Museum building will be entirely closed, except for the necessary guards.With these and other economies effected there seems every reason to believe that unless untoward events occur, the Museum will be able successfully to operate on this basis throughout the coming year.Director.:
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June 4, 1924Dear Mr. Woolley:I am returning you an article on the Ziggurat at Ur received some time ago which I will ask you to return to me. I am sending it to you because I thought perhaps you would like to fill in the blanks which appear at intervals wherever a measurement is concerned.I will be glad to have the completed article from you.With best regardsVery sincerely yoursDirectorMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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June 4, 1929My dear Sir Frederic:I have been intending to write you in regard to the Joint Expedition eversince assuming the post of Director of theUniversity Museum but I have been much occu-pied in discovering my duties and in attend-ing to immediate problems.I wish first of all to assure youthat I am of course eager to preserve thesame cordial relationship that has existedbetween the two institutions in the pastand to confirm the fact that the same policyexists at the University Museum with regardto the conduct of the Joint Expedition as hasexisted since its inception. We naturallyconsider it among our major undertakings andshall continue to support it fully in everypossible way. I wish that it were possible for me to come to London this summer that wemight personally discuss it but I find it impossible to leave Philadelphia before nextspring. Dr. Legrain will, however, visit you Museum sometime in July to undertake the di-vision of the finds of the past season.I had the good fortune to see Mr.Woolley before he left and we were able totalk briefly of the Joint Expedition. He particularly wished me to confirm the willing-ness of the authorities of the University Museum to abide by your decision should occa-sion arise when an immediate decision might be required by Mr. Woolley from the field. I appreciate his wish for authority to consultonly one of us should sudden action be re-quired and you are surely the one not alonebecause you are nearer but because you are far:
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June 8, 1926Dear Woolley:Dr. Legrain arrived last Friday. I have not yet had time to talk with him much about the season's dig, but he has handed me his accounts up to the time of his arrival in Philadelphia. From these accounts it appears that the Expedition owes him in connection with his travelling expenses $339.45. I enclose a copy of the account herewith. I at first thought of reimbursing Dr. Legrain and charging the amount to next year's expedition, but I have decided against that method and will ask you, instead, to refund Dr. Legrain from the money now in hand, so that it may be properly charged to this year's expedition, thus keeping the accounts in order.With best regards,Very sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.The British MuseumLondon, England:
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June 8, 1928My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:I do not know whether there wasany arrangement between us by which publications of our Joint Expedition should bereleased simultaneously. Does it now seemto you wise that we carry out the same planwith our publications as withtthe release ofour reports from Ur of the Chaldees. Therewill, no doubt, be some little delay ingetting our books to us and it might well bethat reviews of books distributed by youwould appear before we had the opportunityof distributing ours in America. We must, of course, depend in a measure upon our reviews for our sales and if reviews appear firstin foreign publications, our American book-houses will, no doubt, send their orders abroad instead of to us.With my best regards, I amVery sincerely yoursP. S. Dr. Legrain is planning to spend thesummer in Europe and expectstto visit you at the Museum. I have no doubt that he willhave much to discuss with you and with themembers of the Assyrian Department.:
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June 9, 1924Dear Woolley:I have received your letter of May 24th with the enclosed accounts.I think that the only question in your letter that requires a present answer is that in the post-script where you refer to questions in earlier letters regarding a personnel for next season.In regard to these questions I can only state that in case the Joint Expedition should be reorganized and sent out next autumn we will be prepared to send Dr. Legrain as the cuneiformist on the expedition. I will also keep in mind your suggestion with regard to having a second man to work with the architectural details sent from here. I think this might be arranged.With best regardsVery sincerely yoursDirectorMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYThe British MuseumLondon, EnglandP.S. Dr. Legrain is now on his way to Paris and in the course of a month will pay you a visit in London:
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June 9, 1925My dear Kenyon:A story has appeared in the American papers in which it is stated very circumstantially that an institution or association called the \"American School of Oriental Research\" has been given a concession at Ur of the Chaldees for the excavation of a part of that site. It is further stated that the work will be in charge of Dr. Clarence S. Fisher who was formerly Field Director for this Museum on the excavation at Beisan and in Egypt.The story has caused some concern and a good deal of perplexity in the minds of many people here. It has been assumed that the Joint Expedition is the only one that has a concession for excavating at Ur and that so long as our expedition continued to work the site it would be reserved exclusively for that expedition. I presume that the concession is actually held by the British Museum but that amounts to the same thing. The point that I would like to ask you about is whether the concession under which the Joint Expedition is working extends to the entire site or Ur or whether it is true that the American School of Oriental Research has been granted a concession there. I should like to be in a position to contradict the story. Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYON, DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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June [?28?], 1924Dear Mr. Woolley:The Custom House in Philadelphia recently informed us of the arrival of a box. Upon investigation our custom house broker ascertained a letter written by you under date of May 12th giving a list of the contents of the box which I now have in my hands. According to the laws of this country, all antiquities shipped from abroad for free entry must be a consular invoice and a certificate of antiquity from the shipper, which certificate must be certified by the United States Consul.When you shall have complied with these regulations, the University Museum will be able to procure delivery from the Custom House of the box of antiquities described in your letter of May 12th addressed to me and handed to me by the custom house broker.Very truly yoursDirectorMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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just on level 17.00
TC. Lion head model_d in the round Good style:
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Kassite:
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Kassite:
2 roughly moulded. high relief only upper part preserv_d from same mould:
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KENYONBRITISH MUSEUMLONDONHAVE CABLED EASTERN BANK ACCOUNT WOOLLEY FIFTEEN HUNDRED POUNDSJAYNESEND PREPAID/DEFERRED RATECHARGE TO UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM:
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killed on the spot and the other rescued with difficulty but fortunately without serious damage, and on several occasions similar accidents have only been narrowly averted. Every precaution is being taken and I trust that nothing of the kind will occur hereafter.Some four hundred and thirty graves have now been dug, and I can speak with more certainty of the date represented by them. Since the depth at which the graves lie varies from half a metre to six metres and a half the period must necessarily be a long one. The analogy with the \"A\" cemetery at Kish holds good, but seems to be most marked in the upper graves, wherein also we find the closest approach to the First Dynasty graves of al Ubaid: on the other hand the lowest graves have nothing in common with the painted pottery graves of Kish and, ex hypotesi, nothing in common with the painted pottery graves of al Ubaid - indeed, in the whole course of the excavations only one minute fragment of painted pottery has been recorded. Below the lowest graves and partly destroyed by them we find massive mud buildings which in their turn produce no painted sherds. The nett result of this negative evidence, and a most important result, is greatly to lengthen the period separating the First Dynasty of Ur from the era of painted pottery, whether that of Kish or the older phase illustrated by the al Ubaid remains. Quite close to the modern surface we have some scanty remains of walls and floors which are themselves rather older than the First Dynasty, and a few of the upper graves are still later than this building - in fact a few undoubtedly fall within the Sargonid period, but these are so exceptional that they can be termed intrusive. In the time of the Third Dynasty of Ur the irregular surface of the grave area was levelled, the mounds cut down (many later graves being destroyed in the process) and the hollows filled up with refuse; on the site rose a new and large building of Bur-Sin, of which there is left today only a short stretch of enclosing wall with paved intramural chambers. Of buildings subsequent to this all traces have vanished.:
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Kingsworthy CourtWinchester4.1.59Dear Miss BakerI was so glad to get your letter of December 14th with your news = it is always so pleasant to hear from old friends far off;! an it is the more welcome as one grows older & so many of our contemporaries drop out and leave one as rather an isolated survival of the past. I shall in a few weeks be in my 80th year, & though I don't feel as antique as all that I fear that other people tend to regard me as such. Still it is a good life and as long as I can keep busy I'm satisfied with it. I've just brought out a sort of picture book on archaeological discoveries, in which i include your splendid reconstruction of the great Maya relief from Piedras Negras, that photo is repeated on the dust-cover & looks most attractive. Now I've been asked to do a volume ( in a German series) on Middle Eastern Art and shall probably agree to undertake it = I've already written a fairly long article on the subject for an Italian encyclopedia of art, so it would not be very difficult to do. At the moment I'm preparing a lecture in Italian for a tour which I'm to make there in the Spring, and find that my knowledge of the language is sadly rusty! I've not read Mary Chubb's \"City in the Sand\", and must get at it-,:
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KP. Send. against M-B walls
Neo-Bab. lev.
Ram's head
white glaze :
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Kudur_Mabug [arrow] Arad Sin [arrow]cones of Kudur Mabug Arad Sin & [?Jarid Sin?] Rim Sin, (c 2000 - 1950 BC.) describing thebuilding operations of these kings --- the excavation of the wall wascleaned down to a depth of 40 feet & then the [?ruins?] filling it Indicated in the temple made furtherwork impossible. The inscribed & decorated stone cases -- many ofthem wrought in Egyptian alabaster - cover a range of some 600 years and are of great value both historically & artisticallywhile a [?] series of terracotta reliefs of figurines [?shed?] throws nowlight on the religious iconography of the later period; & a usefulbeginning has been made with the dating of Babylonianpottery. A special exhibition of these objects will be [?] atthe British Museum.The prospects for next season are excellent. Though we have excavated but a tiny fraction of the vast [?num?] [?filed?], we We have learnt agreat deal about the geography of the site and our [?success?]up to [?] are sufficient guarantee of its richness. But funds[?] [?] will be needed to enable if the British Museum is to continueits collaboration with Philadelphia in the thorough explanationof this one of the most important cradles of the world'scivilization & religion:
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La [?] Histoire du Juif et du SkunkThere was once upon a time a skunk, who dwelt in a hole. And he was a powerful skunk, an [?unintelligible?]. And and Englishman a Dutchman and a Jew betted as to who would be able to stay longest in the hole with the skunk. Well, they went in; and the Englishman came out like a shot out of a catapult. Then after a little while the Dutchman emerged looking unhappy. Then the skunk came out.C'est tout:
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Large clay wheel, Project_g hub:
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Large TC. plaque relief..Godd_ss of water holding overflowing vase
Found loose in ruins near chapels, up church lane, in SE quarter of tower
Anliq. [?] J. Oct. 1931. p. 371-2-PL. L11, 1.
[15198 written upside down bottom part note then crossed out]:
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Larsa Lev.
Zebu-Buffaloid cattle. Legs miss_g:
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lectures on the work of the Joint Expedition, which means that about a million people at a time learn something of what the two Museums are doing in the interests of Mesopotamian archaeology. That is good publicity, isn't it?Yours sincerelyLeonard Woolley [signature]:
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left shoulder-All shaven Sumer
head (priest?)
Moulded-Feet broken.:
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Leg & foot of a statue. Clay painted red
From below calf downwards. The foot seems to be wearing a shoe of coarsly knitted wool?
Broken at ankle in antiquity & mended. w. bitumen.:
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Legrain certainly, and I trust you too, will be pleased that the next volume to appear should be one prepared in Philadelphia. I shall arrange for proofs to be sent to him for correction, and the first batch will be the introduction and the lists of proper names & motives; the catalogue I am holding up for the time being as I should like to add the registration-numbers of the seals now in the British Museum, and the List of abbreviations must be revised to harmonise with the nomenclature in other volumes.I shall be writing again when I have received the estimate from the Press. In the mean time I hope that you approve of the line I taken up.Yours sincerely,Leonard WooleyPleas do not forget that I am hoping to see you at Atchana, if you come out to Turkey:
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Legrain [?] Please return for answer (hand written at head of page)P.K. 20. ANTAKYA Hatay; Turkey7th November 1948.Dear Dr. Rainey,I have received from the Oxford Press an estimate for Vol. of the UR EXCAVATIONS series- Legrain's volume on the Cylinder Se-which amounts to a maximum of [pound symbol]639, this allowing for the reproduction of the plates by collotype instead of half-tone process blocks; I have accepted the estimate and part of the book is already being set up.The question of the selling price is really to be settled not by me but by the Trustees of the British Museum in agreement with your Trustees; but I have written to the Director asking him to lay before them my suggestion to the effect that the price shoud be [pound symbol] 3, s12, in which case if we could sell the whole edition of 500 copies, 150 of thethem in America and the rest in or from England (free copies being limited to 15) then, even allowing for the full discount granted to distributors, the publication fund would be increased by something like $1340, which is an important consideration. I have not yet heard from the Oxford Press in New York as to the terms on which they would undertake distribution; when I do hear I shall let you know.Owing to my absence from England I have not been able to acknowledge the receipt of Legrain's volume on the Terra-cottas, but I trust that it has reached my home safely.I am very sorry that you will not be in Turkey and able to visit me here this year. Should Daniel and Young turn up I shall be delighted to see them, though, as the only classical site in the neighborhood has alread been excavated by myself they may not think it worth their while to come this way. Here I have a very big:
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Legrain.I understand that [?] [?]will ship the boxes by S.S. Quake City,which leaves West India Docks in Fridayor Saturday, September 8th. or 9th., andwill forward all necessary papers toyou in the usual way.Will you please give Mrs. [?Sayne?]my sincere respects and accept mybest wishesYour sincerelySidney Smith:
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less than 190000 francs for the collection, that he should add these to the collection and accept that price for the whole. But he now proposed this himself , and as I saw that he had mad up hims mind not to lower his price and that in fact the value of the additional objects was about equal to the amount of the reduction I had proposed, I accepted this offer. It is a splendid collection, as you will see, and I feel sure it would not beduplicated at the price, which I believe to be a fair one, if at all.We had a slow and not very pleasant voyage, with head winds most of the way over. We reached Boulogne on the morning of the 20th, too late for the early train to Paris, and so had to wait for the midday train, and from there the 8.40 p.m. southern express brought us to Bordeaux at about 4.30 a.m.I am going this morning to a forwarding agent to arrange for sending on the collection which Laporte will have packed here by about Wednedsay. I think I can probably arrange:
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letter head[King's Worthy Court Nr Winchester. Winchester 3672]Christmas Wishes Yours Very Sincerely Leonard Woolley (dictated) 22nd Oct:51Dear Miss BakerAs Christmas approaches I think of you and although it is of course too early for the Christmas Mail I am taking advantage of the help of a kind amanuensis-my sister-to write now as I might not be able to do later. I write with fellow feeling because I have got (?) and have been completely blind for a time, now I can see a bit I am thankful:
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Letterhead reads BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON W.C.1.Aug. 16. 32Dear JayneHere are prints of all the plans etc. for my exped. except the contour map which has not yet been engraved; I'll send a proof of that as soon as I receive it.YoursC. Leonard Woolley underscored:
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Letterhead reads BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON W.C. 1August 12. 1932.Dear Jayne,The [sign for British pound]500 has arrived safely and been put at my disposal; the form you have chosen is just as convenient as any other and I am most grateful.I enclose with this the galley proofs of my report to the Antiquaries Journal so that you can have the text for the Museum Journal. All the photographs you have already, in the form of good prints, and my skeleton plates will shew the order in which they should be arranged. I shall send on as soon as I receive them pulls of the three (I think it is 3) line drawings of plans which you have not got; one of them is the contour map done by Richardson which is not really much to the point in this year's report but is included in it so as to give R. due credit.Miss Baker is hard at work. I have sent her plate of beads to the colour printers to get a specimen plate made; if that comes out satisfactorily they will all do so. As regards my own work, the catalogue is nearly done; the detailed descriptions of the royal tombs will be done before the end of next week; - that is actual text ready for the printers. Work on the classification and writing up of the pottery, stone vases, metal vases and tools and weapons is going on fast in the hands of a secretary, and if necessary I shall employ a second to speed things up. I have arranged to send in a:
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Letterhead reads BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON W.C.1Sept. 2. 32Dear JayneHere is a print of the contour map of Ur which Richardson did, in case you want it [?for?] the Museum [?Journal?].YoursC Leonard Woolley:
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Letterhead reads BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.1first batch of MS. and illustrations to the Press in the middle of next month, and if I continue to do that I shall have got a lot of the proof-reading done before I leave England and although I do not expect to have everything ready there will be the less to do when I return. The chapter on skeletal remains is promised for the late autumn, and I hope to have at the same time the notes on vegetable and animal specimens. We know now that Queen Shub-ad was over 50 years old and Mes-kalam-dug was a young and exceptionally powerful man.There is an awful lot of work to be done, but it is going well. I have Rose, our architect, employed drawing out for publication the plans of individual tombs and of the cemetery in general. On the whole I am getting as much collaboration as possible so as to save time.My best regards to Mrs. Jayne and yourself.Yours very sincerely,C Leonard Woolley:
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Letterhead reads DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES, BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON W.C.1November 16th., 1932The Director, The University Museum of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, U.S.A.[dotted line here, in original]Dear Dr. Jayne,A few weeks ago I despatched to you the catalogue of the antiquities from Ur for the seasons 1930-31 and 1931-32. This week the boxes containing the antiquities allotted to your Museum in the division of the results of the 1931-32 campaign effected by your representative, Dr. L. Legrain, are being sent by our forwarding agents, and you will received the necessary papers in the usual way. A full list of the antiquities will be found in one of the boxes. I shall be much obliged if you will be good enough to acknowledge receipt of the consignment for report to the Trustees.Please accept my best wishesYours sincerelySidney Smith. Keeper.:
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Letterhead: Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, British Museum, London: W.C.1February 10th 1945. Dear Legrain, Many thanks indeed for the copy of your brochure on The Babylonian Collections, which has just reached me; I congratulate you upon an interesting and attractively-produced summary which I am glad to have. But I should have been still happier if it had brought with it news of you, which we have been without for so long. No doubt you will think that the news should come rather from here, but as to museum affairs there is very little for of course all our collections are still inaccessible in cases away from here, and we that are left have to work as best we can from books, which yield much:
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Level of Sumu-ilu houses.
TC. relief Fem. Fig FAcing r. on profile. both h. raised Flat crown on h. straight flounced garment. Part head & body below hips missing.:
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LH: loose in top. soil.
TC. relief: Nude woman standing. suckling an infant.
Heavy hair, dress_g in Egypt. fashion:
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Librarian[hand-written in front of the following], DEPARTMENT[carat and letter S inserted here] OF [words GREEK AND ROMAN crossed out] ANTIQUITIESBRITISH MUSEUMLONDON W.C.124.11.32Dear SirI write on behalf of the Dept. of Egyptian & Assyrian Antiquities.In the past you have kindly presented the Museum Journal [previous title underlined]. We have received no numbers of this since vol XXIII (1932) pt. 1. Would you kindly say whether this is due to an oversight, or whether it has been decided to discontinue the gift owing to difficulties of the times?Yours faithfullyH.C. Gregory2 sent 6/21 B. N.6/21 EbhThe SecretaryUniversity of Pennsylvania Museum:
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Light beaded veil over shoulders breasts & arms of the dancer, 4 to 6 bangles about arms. Pectoral. 3 rows of necklace cover the breasts.
Masses of bobbed hair- 6 horizontal incised lines (waves) over shoulders & ears, tied over the eyebrow w. a band. Five incised lines, one w. markings.
Strong features, large eyes, eye- brows meeting, curved nose. Large mouth well modelled. :
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Lion driven by man.:
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Lion headed genus. Right hand raised. Jastrow Bild-type 70 A 100:
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Lion's head-
Drab clay. Fr_t Hand model_d
Muzzle only:
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Lion's mane treaded in "kuanakes" style Heavy collar, and leather strap. held in both hands.
Driver: short hair-Necklace-Double
Leather belt over loin cloth:
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lm. below surf.
Grotesq. Fig. Baked clay. H. model_d left arm missing. male fig. Fla H_d pellet eyes, coarse nose, round_d chin-Holds vertical_y against breast..a thick stick w. hooked top.- Body hollowed inside to receive a holder.
Man holding scimilar press_d on breast w. the r. hand. Left broken away. Hand model_d hollow to be mounted on a pole-Archaic. Nos pinched. Pellet eyes-one missing. Head depress_d above-bitumen wig? Round thick neck. No visible beard-Painted? Broad square shoulders-Arms added pirce-Body cylindrical. Band of clay round head suggests turban. :
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LONDON NOV. 2, 1933DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY MUSEUM PHILADELPHIAPER MY LETTERS AUGUST 8 AND OCTOBER 5 PLEASE REMIT BALANCE OF PUBLICATION FUND IMMEDIATELY TO MEET PRINT ACCOUNTS NOW BEING PROCESSEDWOOLLEY:
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London, 12 March, 1929.Invoice of Antiquities.by The British Museum of London.to The Director Secretary, Museum of the University of Pennsylvania of Philadelphia.to be shipped per \"AQUITANIAMARKS, NUMBERS AND QUANTITIES: B.M. 24 1 Box )MARKS, NUMBERS AND QUANTITIES: \" 25 1 Box ) Antiquities.over 100 yearsMesopotamia Excavations.24 - 3 Gold Vases25 - 4 \" \"1 Ornament of Gold & Lapis Lazuli.1 Shell Plaque.TOTAL INVOICE VALUE: £2000 - -Gross weight 94 lbsNo Export TaxNo Internal Revenue TaxPaper CurrencySignature of Shipper H.R. HallKeeper of Dept. of Egyptian AntiquitiesBritish Museum:
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London, 1st February, 1929.Invoice of 18 Wooden Boxes of Antiquities.by The British Museum of London.to The Director, Museum of the University of Pennsylvania of Philadelphia.to be shipped per s.s. \"MAURETANIA\".MARKS, NUMBERS AND QUANTITIES: ADD and B&M.MANUFACTURER'S NOS.: 1/18FULL DESCRIPTION OF GOODS: 18 Wooden Boxes Antiquities over 100 years old (Mesopotamia)TOTAL INVOICE VALUE: £5000 - -No Internal Revenue Tax.\" Export Tax.Paper CurrencyGross weight about 10 cwts.Signature of Shipper for & on behalf of the British MuseumBy (authorized agent) H. R. HallKeeper of Egyptian & Assyr. Antiqs::
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London, February, 1929.Invoice of Antiquities.by The British Museum of London.to The Director, Museum of the University of Pennsylvania of Philadelphia.to be shipped per S.S. A Q U I T A N I AMARKS, NUMBERS AND QUANTITIES: ADD. and B&M.MANUFACTURER'S NOS.: 15 & 19/23FULL DESCRIPTION OF GOODS: 6 Wooden Boxes Antiquities over 100 years old TOTAL INVOICE VALUE: £3500 - -No Export Tax.No Internal Revenue Tax.Gross Weight.Paper Currency.Signature of Shipper George F. HillKeeper, British Museum:
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LONDON. W.C.1. 21st April, 1920.Dear Dr. Gordon,I have been a long time about answering your letterof February 25th, but the situation with regard to excavat-tions in Mesopotamia has been obscure, and I thought it bestto wait until I could write something definite. The Secretary of State for India, in whose Departmentthe civil administration of Mesopotamia is at present placed,has taken up the position that no excavation can be alloweduntil an efficient administration of antiquities is set up, and that no such administration can be set up until (1) thetreaty of peace with Turkey has been signed, and the mandategiven for Mesopotamia, and (2) the Mesopotamian governmentcan afford the expense. This seems like postponing scientificexcavation indefinitely.We have represented strongly (1) that prohibition ofexcavation invariably means illicit digging and smuggling,(2) that the credit of the country requires proper provisionfor a department of antiquities at the earliest date, (3)that excavations under scientific control should be encour-aged, not prohibited, (4) that ample provision can be madefor the future needs of a Museum in Bagdad or elsewhere. Wehave suggested as a working arrangement that qualified explor-ers should be allowed to bring all their discovereies home,and give them scientific treatment and publication, under cov-enant to return (say) one half to Mesopotamia if and when required to do so.That is how matters stand now, and until the mandateis given I do not think one can expect any further movement.But it is desireable to impress on the India Office the factthat:
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London; England.September 26, 1922.[centred text] Illness of Mr. Paul R.H. Hunter in London. The HonorableThe Secretary of StateWASHINGTONSir:I have the honor to report that on September 19th one Paul R.H. Hunter, Departmental Passport No. 216676, September 5, 1922, came to London sent by the University Museum of Philadelphia to join an expedition to make excavations in Mesopotamia under the joint auspices of the Trustees of the British Museum and the University Museum of Philadelphia.On his arrival in London, Mr. Hunter came to this office acting very queerly, and I made arrangements for him to meet with the proper persons at the British Museum, with whom, up to that time, he had been able to get in touch. He then saw Doctor Woolley, who is the head of the expedition in question, and received from him an advance of £25, with which he paid a small hotel bill he owed, but the balance of which he lost, or had taken from him in some fashion which is not quite clear. In the evening of the same day, he was picked up by the police in a seemingly dazed condition and taken to his hotel where he soon became violent, and at the request of the proprietress was removed to Holborn Institution. There, the doctors came to the conclusion:
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Long beard- Four row woolen cap covering eyebrows replace the mitre. Is it a helmet? a padded wig. Imitating hair- Bracelets & Belt-
Rough work. :
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Long pleated robe.:
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Loom weight - Plain clay ring. of greenish clay.:
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Loose in soil.
NW. side of zig.t High level. Kassile or Neo-Bab.
TC. Nude seat'd woman suckling a child. :
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Loose in upper soil
TC. hand model_d Male Fig Archaic typee. H. clasp_d one pellet eye missing Fr_t waist up:
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Loose soil
model shrine. Bak_d clay-like sentry box, w. heavy convex back entrance has a rounded arch fixed onto the back of the recess a narrow strip of baked clay shrine has a a high rounded top & rosetles decorate the face part of top broken:
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Loose. soil of cemet. X.
TC. relief. Woman suckling child. Drab clay. :
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Lower Body. Nude woman, carrying in right a jar hanging from a rope, and provider with no rush foot - In the left an ampulla - Large hips - Feet on square base:
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Lower half- Fig in long dress
stand_g on beard_d goat.
Id. mould. 18206:32-40-46:
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Lower half. Nude Fem. wearing a loin cloth (?) on right small alter with horns ?:
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Lower part
Fem., flounc_d skirt, seated on
or carry_g. a large pannier.
In this is crouched a monkey(?):
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Lower part of day relief-Man wearing. Fring_d dress of Gudea stye. :
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Lower part of hand model_d
Fem. wear_g long dress below
w. only the toes are visible.
Fringe at bottom of skirt.
Engrav_d on skirt, outside it, the fem. pudenda in the form of a large triangle fill_d w. rows of dots
Hole above for navel.:
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Lower part of nude Fem. :
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Lower part of relief.
Feet of skirt_d fig.:
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Lower portion of naked woman:
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make a very fine show. Amongst other thingsyou have the robe & head-dress of Queen Shub-ad;:I've told Legrain that in my opinion the formerought to be re-made without a cloth background, buthe will discuss that with you;: as to the other,the actual head belongs to my wife, not to theexpedition, but she is quite ready for it to goover on loan & you can decide later on whatto arrange as a permanency. Legrain doesn't approveof the head on the ground that it doesn't resembleSumerian sculptures, which is true;: but then thesculptures are quite inconsistent with the skulltypes which in my opinion must be decisive, & Iregard the sculptures as conventional works whereasthe head is approved by Sir Arthur Keith as thenearest possible approach to the real physicalaspect of the people. I hope the whole elaboratething will travel safely, but special precautionsare necessary & I've advised the people here as topacking & transport;: one difficulty is that the:
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Man bearded.
Wife has long braids, lunate earrings.
Chocker.
She seats on right of her man. :
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Man carry_g a goat
broken off at knees:
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Man on horse:
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Man riding donkey. Only one leg of rider & hind legs & tail of donkey
cf. 18254- Lion attacks man on horseback
18819- Nude rider on horseback:
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Man w. flail (?)-Type XI.b.4
A Broken at waist.
B. Complete to knees
C-Broken at knees-Pellet eye.
D-Complete. Ph. 1856-Full length fig of drap_d man-Behind a squat_g monkey
h.85.
E. Id. h.65. monkey
F. Id. head. miss_g. h.85.
G-Miss_g below knees. h. 60.
H- " " h.52.:
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Man w. monkey. Type. VIII.
A. broken at waist.
B- " " h.50.:31-43-445
C-From waist down. h.60.
D- " knees up. h,65. A.H
x
..... : 31-16-928.:
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manageable and attractive subject. Yours very sincerely[signature] F. G. Kenyon.:
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March 10, 1925My dear Kenyon:I have just received your letter of February 26th enclosing Woolley's report for January. I notice that you will release tomorrow. This barely gives us time for a simultaneous release here, but I can manage it. The result of my cable to Woolley asking him for his view about going to Basra was as follows. In view of Ur work regret unable to comply with your wishes. I write you full particulars. The thought in my mind was that Woolley and Legrain might be making a short season at Ur and that they might stop at Beisan on their way home with the native foreman from Jerablus who would also be on the way home and whom I understand the expedition is paying during the summer. I think you are entirely right butand I would not have wished Woolley and Legrain to put in a long season at Beisan after their season's work at Ur. My thought was rather that they might get the work of the Beisan expedition started on a small scale and then leave it in charge of subordinates, whom I would send them, with their Jerablus foreman to help them. However, I find from Woolley's reports that they appear to have found a great many small objects at Ur this year, including tablets which will require a good deal of care and study. This and the fact that they have had a fairly long season at Ur would make it undesirable that they should be distracted in any way from the work of the Ur expedition. I am not only satisfied with Woolley's decision, but I approve it entirely. Very sincerely yours:
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March 11, 1932 My dear Mr. Hill:- Thank you for your letter of February 27th with enclosures of Woolley's reports to the press based on his February work. We shall not make any news releases on this report, since we have had a good deal of publicity on our Meso-potamian work and feel that our press will not tolerate much more, particularly since the discoveries comprised are not momentous. Woolley, we have found, invariably keeps back something unusually thrilling for his final report and we shall wait for this. You have, therefore, a clear field for your releases.Yours sincerely, Horace H. F. Jayne DIRECTOR George F. Hill, Esq. British Museum London: W.C.1 England:
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March 12, 1929My dear Mr. Gadd:Thank you for your letter ofFebruary 19. The six cases which wereshipped on the AQUITANIA are now in the Museum but have not yet been opened be-cause we find ourselves swamped withwork on the first consignment.Dr. Legrain is having the beadsof the \"cloak\" restrung and this in itselfis a mighty task.We will take care of your own objects and see that they get back to yousafely.The lists which you sent us havebeen very helpful. Thank you so much forall that you have done for us. With my best regards, I remainVery sincerely yoursSecretaryMR. C. J. GADDThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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March 12, 1929My dear Mr. Hall:Thank you for your letter ofFebruary 23. The six boxes have arrivedsafely in the Museum and we are planningto open then the latter part of this week.Just now we are at work on the first con-signment which you sent to us and whichcame in good condition.We will certainly want electro-types of everything that is in the BaghdadMuseum and also in your Museum. Will yoube kind enough to place an order with yourelectrotypers for this Museum for copiesof all the important objects in the twocollections?We have decided to await thearrival of the electrotypes of the helmet, the daggers, etc. before having our exhibi-tion. This should be ready, I think, eitherlate in April or early in May, which isreally the best time for us since thismonth many of the friends of the Museum arein the South. We expect to have Mr. Woolleywith us on Saturday next, the sixteenth. Hehas expressed the hope that our exhibitionwill be ready during his visit to us next week. I am sorry that he is to be disappoint-ed but it is simply impossible for us to rush the work through and then too, we feelthat we want to have the exhibition as com-plete as possible. I know that your Department has had:
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March 12, 1929My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:Thank you for your letter of February 14 enclosing Mr. Woolley's last article for the press which did not reach us until a couple of days after its release by you. On this occasion it really did not matter because the despatch was not cabled by the Associated Press to this country, so when our article appeared in the newspapers the news was quite fresh for the public.I want to let you know of the safe arrival in the Museum of the second shipment of six cases containing the Ur collections which you sent on the S/S AQUITANIA. We have not yet had an opportunity of opening them but are planning to do so this week. Thank you very much for sending your own share to us for our exhibition which we now hope to open the latter part of April or early in May.Mr. Hall has written me that we may expect the electrotypes which are being made for us in about a fortnight. We shall be glad to receive them. I have written him that we will want electrotypes of everything both at Baghdad and at your Museum.I think that you are quite right in not sending the fragile objects to this country. We are having the standard reproduced in a coloured photograph and exhibit that.Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirector, The British Museum:
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March 15, 1928My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:I have been looking over theAL 'UBAID volume and notice on page iv that there is given the places wherethis volume may be procured in England. I think that it would might be well if for the United States the name of the University of Pennsylvania Press could be added to this list. The Press is the agent for our publications and its address is 3438 Walnut Street, Philadelphia.Very sincerely yoursSecretary [handwritten]SIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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March 15, 1932 My dear Mr. Smith:-The Consular invoice and list of contents of the two cases of Ur antiquities have been received.Many thanks for your kind attention.Very truly yours, Secretary Sidney Smith, Esq. The British Museum London, England:
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March 1926?UR of the Chaldees.Newspaper article to be forwarded to Dr. Gordon.The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania closed down work for the season on March 23th only a fortnight after the date of my last report. The sites on which we had been engaged during February had already been finished, and I decided to use this short period at the end of the season for testing a large mound just outside the wall of the Sacred Area build by Nebuchadnezzar in order to satisfy myself whether or no it would repay thorough excavation next winter; all that we could hope to do was to cut in to the steep slope of the mound on the NW flank and try to get some idea of the buildings buried beneath it.Starting work at a point where in 1918 Dr. Hall had laid bare parts of some small and much ruined buildings we came almost immediately upon a row of private houses set along two narrow lanes. Clearly they were the dwellings of the lower middle class, quite small houses built with a mixture of burnt and unburnt bricks and consisting of only two or three rooms apiece stepped up the hill-side in terraces for which their walls served as retaining-walls. The lanes, narrow and unpaved, ran roughly at right angles to each other but were none too straight; they presented however one curiously modern feature in that at the sharp turnings the angles of the brickwork were built, or cur away, in curves so as to make easier traffic. Very little was found inside the houses except some o inscribed tablets which dated them to the early part of the First Dynasty of Babylon, about the eighteenth century B.S.; but below the floors we discovered of almost every room we discovered graves contemporary with the buildings, some under inverted clay coffins, some in brick-built tombs which had served as regular family vaults and contained as many as ten bodies each. The custom of burying the dead under the floor of the house in which the relatives continued to live may strike us as peculiar (ins spite of the analogy with the English church) but was very common in Mesopotamia; it must have been most insanitary especially where the graves were constantly opened and re-used, and I would even:
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March 20, 1923My Dear Sir Frederic:I have just received your letter of February 27 on board the CELTIC. I am glad to have your assurance that you enjoyed your visit to Philadelphia and New York.While you were on the water we received Woolley's answer to our cable which read as follows.Season over. Division antiquities effected. Party returning.I suppose you received an identical cable. A few days later his January report was received. A The substance of this report has now been given to the papers. Yesterday a letter came from Mr. Woolley dated February 2 which I presume you have received also. With this letter he sends his journey accounts and explains why the expedition had to quit work and return to England early in February instead of remaining through April according to the original plan. I am very sorry that we were not sooner made aware that the work would come to an end so early. If we had known how long his credit would last and how much additional would be required to complete the season's work there is no doubt that we would have been prepared [to] extend an additional credit would have been provided.From the January report and also from the cable it would appear that the Government of Irak has claimed one half of the finds and that the division has been made accordingly. I do not know how or where the half allotted to the Government is going to be kept. It will be interesting to get Woolley's final report on this matter.Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirector of the British MuseumLondon, England:
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March 22, 1929Dear Mr. hall:This is just a note to saythat the two cases which you shipped onthe S/S AQUITANIA have arrived safely inthis country and are now being clearedthrough the Custom House.We have had two splendid lecturedfrom Mr. Woolley and are looking forwardwith pleasure to the final one tomorrowafternoon, when he will speak of his findsin the cemetery. Unfortunately, we havenot been able to get our exhibition readybut it should be open late in April orearly in May.Very sincerely yoursN. R. HALL. ESQ.Keeper of Egyptian and Assyrian AntiquitiesThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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March 25, 1924My dear Kenyon:The question concerning publication which Woolley has raise is one to which I had not given and thought and one which, as you say, will have to be considered.All I can say now is that we would wish to do our share in advancing the work of publication. It is apparently in Woolley's mind that a volume on El Obeid should form the initial volume of a series dealing with that place and Ur. I also gather that Woolley considers that the excavation at El Obeid complete and it only remains to work up and put the material in shape for publication. I understand that Hall and Woolley would share in the work with the help, perhaps, of a reader of cuneiform and other members of the Joint Expedition.It seems to me that whatever inscriptional material is selected for publication might be published by the Expedition without other reference to the locality to which it is to be assigned than a record of that locality. What cuneiformist will be responsible for editing, copying or translating these inscriptions, would, I suppose, be determined by the circumstance in the case of each volume issued. Woolley's question as to whether he may assume that throughout the course of the expedition the inscriptional material found in any one season will be published by the cuneiformist who for that season is on the field staff of the expedition, does not seem to me to be necessary. I do not think that it is convenient to make such a decision in advance and the suggestion does not commend itself to me at all. It is quite possible that the amount of inscriptions found in one season might be altogether too much for one man tom handle and there might be good reasons for appointing some other scholar for a particular piece of work. When the amount of inscriptions is very small it might no doubt he handled entirely by the cuneiformist on the expedition.:
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March 27, 1930Dear Mr. Jayne:We had a small meeting of the Board on Friday at Mr. Madeira's office. Mr. Borie, Mr. McMichael, Mr. Smith, r. Schull, and Mr. Price were the only members present, except of course, Mr. Madeira. The important matter that the Board had to consider was your recommendation that we bid on the so-called \"Maikop Treasure\". Before the meeting I had called it to the attention of Mr Nowbold and he became so interested in the objects that he presuaded the Board to add another $5,000 to the sum named by you. Mr Hinckle Smith offered to go to the American Art Galleries on Saturday and will bid up to $25,000 on the collection. I hope that before this reaches you that you will have a cable saying that the collection is ours and that it was gotten for a reasonable price.The board appropriated smaller sums for the African collection, Shotridge's baskets, and the Javanese puppets, the latter came in a few days ago and makes an interest act.Dr. Mason writes that he may not be able to return until well on in May. What he hoped to accomplish in a couple of days in Mexico City has taken a week. He goes from Mexico City to Guatemala wherehe fears there will be more unneccessary dalay.A report came in from Woolley this morning Nothing very exciting so far as finds are concerned but Sir Frederic Kenyon invites:
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March 28, 1929KENYONBRITISH MUSEUMLONDONOUR EXHIBITION POSTPONED TO MIDDLE OF MAY COULD WE HAVE ELECTROTYPES OF HELMET CUPS DAGGERS OF KING AND TWO REINRINGS BY THAT TIMEMcHUGHSEND AT NIGHT CABLE LETTER RATE, PREPAIDCHARGE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM:
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March 29, 1928My dear Mr. Woolley:I have a letter from Sir Frederic Kenyon telling me that you have returned to England. I was distressed to hear that Mrs. Woolley was having trouble with her eyes. I hope that she has entirely recovered from that trouble.Your friends during the past season have excited much interest on this side of the water and one of our chief occupations is supplying photographs and information to the many people who are interested in our excavations at Ur.There is one thing that we are sadly in need of to fill the wants of these many people and that is a good photograph of the director of the expedition. We have been sending out the one of you scrutinizing and brushing a tablet. Now and then the answer comes back to us that they want a full face picture of you. Do have your photograph taken and send us one. We would really like to have one ourselves and you will help us to make many people happy if we can supply them with copies.I wish that I could see your exhibition this year but there seems to be little chance of that. I imagine that Dr. Legrain will be going home this summer and if he does, I am sure that he will go over to London.With best regards to Mrs. Woolley and yourself and hoping that you are both well, I remainVery sincerely yoursMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYBritish Museum [handwritten]:
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March 3, 1932My dear Woolley:-Thank you for your letter of February 4th accompanying your report of work accomplished during January. You seem indeed to have added a great deal of considerable interest. All our expeditions are having excellent seasons which is a measure of comfort for those of us who are facing the tribulations of the situation at home. On the whole we are weathering the storm better than many other Museums, and by this time next year we should again be on an even keel, though sailing slowly.I have given your message to Legrain about the seals and your salaams to Miss McHugh, and Henrietta joins me in sending kindest regards to you and your wife.Yours always sincerely,Horace H. F. Jayne:
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March 5, 1929My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:I am writing now simply to announcethe safe arrival of the seventeen boxes whichyou were kind enough to send us some time ago.The additional six boxes are now in the Custom House in Philadelphia and have been clearedby me today. We have unpacked the seventeencases which came to us in splendid condition.We are busy preparing our exhibition whichI fear will not take place during Mr. Woolley'svisit to us; the time is really too short forus to get it ready properly.Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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March 7, 1933Mr. C. Leonard Woolleyâ
Joint Expedition to Ur of the ChaldeesUr, IraqMy dear Woolley:-I wish to acknowledge your letters of January 31st and February 10th, the latter enclosing your statement of accounts for January which is perfectly clear and satisfactory.Your complaint about the Expedition finances is perfectly justified. I can only offer the excuse of untoward conditions last year which forced us to defer payment of the first half of our share. The subscriptions we have for financing the Expedition are not payable until after January first and whereas in normal times we can draw against our reserves in anticipation of the receipt of these, last year this was impossible, because of financial conditions beyond our control. As it is we have not yet received one of the largest of our contributions, although the whole amount is in the hands of the British Museum. It is essential for those who are not closely concerned with the financial details of administering institutions such as ours to appreciate that unremitting effort is required to keep things going at[odd typographical mixup in original] all and that if everything is not accomplished as smoothly as in normal times, some allowances must be made.I trust that your wife's health is now well on the mend, and that she will not overdo her work at the site. Thank you very much for your profered[sic] hospitality which I trust we may both avail ourselves of when next we are in London.With best wishes to you both, believe meYours sincerely,Horace H. F. JayneDIRECTOR.:
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March the twenty-ninth,1 9 2 7.Dear Sir Frederic,Ireceived this morning your letter of March the 15th covering the special and general press agencies of Doctor Woolley's Report for the Season, this being the fifth year of our co-working. I will see that their publication coincides with your own, namely, to release them of April 12th, 1927.We have not yet appointed a successor to Doctor Gordon whose loss is keenly felt by us. I doubt if there is any one in the United States who is competent to take his place. If any name or names occur to you fully able to take the place of this exceptional man, we shall be indeed very much obliged if you will let us hear from you.With my best respects, believe me to beFaithfully yours, President.Sir Frederic S. KenyonThe British MuseumLondon W.C.1.England.:
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Mask. Humbaba- Moulded.
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MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND SANITARY ENGINEERINGCHARLES M. SPOFFORD HAYWARD PROFESSOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGCAMBRIDGE A, MASS.April 4, 1927Mr. L. Legrain, The Museum of the Univ. of Pa., Philadelphia, Pa.My dear Mr. Legrain,I am writing to acknowledge the receipt of the photographs of the excavation at Ur, which you were good enough to send me and which I find extremely interesting.Corbel arches were, I believe, built in Egypt prior to 2000 B.C., but the barrel vaulted tomb reproduced on photograph 1 is a real arch and extremely interesting on that account. The arched door shown in Fig. 6 is apparently no older than the arch in the temple of the Moon God, which, I believe, is ascribed to the year B.C. 1500. It is fairly evident from the photographs that the true arch was known in Ur as early as 2000 B.C. In making the above statement I assume there is a typographical error in the portion of your letter as follows: \"1-2. Barrel vaulted tomb of the Larsa period, about B.C. 200 - S. corner of the temple temenos at Ur.\" The 200 should evidently be 2000.Assuring you of my appreciation of your courtesy in sending me these photographs and trusting that I may be able to assist you and the University Museum in some way in the future in return for your kindness, I am,Very sincerely yours,[signature in script on this line]C. M. Spofford:
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MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND SANITARY ENGINEERINGCHARLES M. SPOFFORDHAYWARD PROFESSOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGCAMBRIDGE A, MASS.February 28, 1927Mr. L. Legrain, Curator of the Babylonian Section, The Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.My dear Mr. Legrain:I am writing to acknowledge your letter of February 16th relative to recent excavations, and to thank you for the information contained therein. It is interesting to find that brick tombs of the period B.C. 2000 were discovered last year, and were sometimes barrel-vaulted. I am awaiting the photographs of them which you stated in your letter you would send me. I am in hopes that they will be found in the arched doorways in private houses dating back to the same period and that it will be possible for you to send me photographs of them also.It was with deep regret that I heard first from Mr. McHugh's letter of the death of Dr. Gordon, and I wish to extend to you and his other associates my sympathy in his loss.Assuring you of my appreiation[sic] of your courtesy in this matter, and hoping to have the opportunity of calling upon you personally some time when I am in Philadelphia, I amYours very sincerely,[script signature here]C.M. Spofford[handwritten notations follow his signature. They are U.533 followed by a plus signU.536 followed by a plus signU.542 followed by a plus signU.543 followed by a plus signand a note that reads answered Apr 2. 27 Encl. of photos]:
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MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYDEPARTMENT OF SANITARY AND CIVIL ENGINEERINGCHARLES M. SPOFFORDHAYWARD PROFESSOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGCAMBRIDGE A, MASS.May 6, 1936Mr. L. Legrain The University Museum University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pa.Dear Mr. Legrain:I appreciate greatly the permission of the University Museum to reproduce in my forthcoming book the photograph [extra spaces between these two words] mentioned in my recent letter. I agree with you that such a publication will probably present to those who read this book a realization of the importance of the archaeological work being done by your Museum.After giving it further consideration, I feel that it would also be desirable to publish the other photograph which you were good enough to send me some years ago, entitled \"Ancient Arch Temple of the Moon God\", and I hope that you will grant permission to do this also, with the understanding that in both cases due credit will be given to the Museum.Thanking you and the Museum for various courtesies you have extended to me, I amVery sincerely yours,[script signature here]C.M. SpoffordCMS:B[there is a scribbled out notation of some sort in the lower right corner of this page.]:
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May 5, 1922Gordon to KenyonPage 2At the end of each season's work the finds might be divided as equally as possible between the two Institutions. Perhaps this division could be made most conveniently in London between a representative of the British Museum and a representative of this Museum.As I said in my last letter we have already set apart the sum of $25,000. towards one season's work. If you feel that this would be enough for the purpose, we would be ready at once to enter into any agreement along the lines that I have suggested. Of course we would welcome gladly any suggestions or proposals which you might make.I am writing this on my own responsibility, but as I have been duly authorized by the Board of Managers at a regular meeting to correspond with you with regard to arrangements for a joint expedition, I feel that such a plan of cooperation would be approved by them. I have read and passed on to others your Address before the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies which you delivered of May 10, 1921 and which is printed in the Journal of Hellenic Studies. I have written to that JOURNAL to ask for permission to reprint a part of that Address in our quarterly JOURNAL. It is an article that ought to be read by many people in this country.Very sincerely yours,(Signed)G.B. GordonDirectorSir Frederic KenyonDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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May 1, 1928My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:Our Board of Managers has beenmuch gratified by the success of the work of the sixth season of our Joint Expedition at Ur of the Chaldees and looksforward to a continuation of this interesting piece of exploration. I aminstructed to say to you that our Boardis prepared to continue its support of theExpedition for the coming season upon thesame basis as that of the past season. We will be glad to hear from you whether theBritish Museum has it in mind to continuethe work at Ur and also to know whetherMr. Woolley has formulated any plans forthe coming season.With my best regards, I remainVery sincerely yoursSecretarySIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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May 10, 1924Dear Mr. Woolley:I have received your letter of April 27 together with the accounts of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the University Museum for March and April, 1924. I notice in your letter that certain corrections are to be made in these accounts.A. The rate of exchange is subject to rectification.B. Certain items due to the Irak Government remain unpaid.I also note your statement that you will shortly send us these final corrections to be applied to your accounts.I wrote you last on April 27th addressing the letter to the care of the British Museum which letter I have no doubt you will have received before this. I am glad to see that you are safely back in England and that you may be addressed at your home near Bath. I trust that you are feeling entirely recovered from the indisposition that you felt while in the field during the past winter. I will be glad to hear from you at your convenience about the wind up of the work, the effect produced by the exhibition that you held in Baghdad and your lecture on the work.I hope that some steps are being taken in Baghdad for the proper care and preservation of that portion of the collections which they retained.With my best regards, I remainVery sincerely yoursDirectorC. Leonard Woolley [signature]UplandsBathwick HillLondonBath, England:
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May 15, 1924Dear WoolleyI have just received a book by E. S. Stevens, BY TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES. Beginning with page 115 there is a section dealing with Ur of the Chaldees. At the head of the section is the following.Acknowledgements are due for information received from the excavating part of y and the Trustees of the British Museum and Pennsylvania University.I suppose it is natural that there should be confusion with regard to the name of the institution that is a partner of the British Museum in this work. The University of Pennsylvania has nothing to do with these excavations. I will ask you to be good enough to cooperate with us whenever you can to avoid confusion of this kind. The name of this Museum is the UNIVERSITY MUSEUM. I think perhaps the simplest way to keep its identity distinct is to keep in mind and to use only these two words: UNIVERSITY MUSEUM and remember that it is located in Philadelphia. In your official correspondence and elsewhere I think you had better write the name as follows: UNIVERSITY MUSEUM, PHILADELPHIA. That is easily remembered by comparing it with British Museum, London, which also consists of three words.Very sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEYc/o The British MuseumLondon, England:
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May 15, 1924My dear Woolley:I have/Ireceived your letter of May 1st enclosing the report for the press covering the season's work at Ur. This report was received on May 14th. The envelope is postmarked, London, 4445 P. M. May 2.On the 12th the despatch was cabled from London to two of the papers in this country which killed it for the other papers.We had our arrangement with all the principal papers of the country by which we were to release your reports to them simultaneously with their release in London. Consequently they are now put out with us for our apparent failure to keep faith with them.On January 22nd I wrote to Sir Frederic Kenyon informing him that reports took fourteen days to reach us from London. On February 26th I wrote him making a special request that fourteen days be allowed before releasing reports to the London papers. You allowd only 12 days with the inevitable result that I have mentioned. I am sorry that this has happened.I am glad to learn from your letter that the cases have arrived from Ur. I want to congratulate on the promptness with which these [?collections?] have been received and the promptness with which you are able to get to work on these collectionsthem in the British Museum. Do you think you will have an exhibition this summer?Very Sincerely yourDirectorC. Leonard Woolley, Esq.P.S. I addressed a letter to you under date of May 10th to your home. Uplands, Bathwick Hill. I am enclosing a Copy of this letter.:
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May 19, 1926My dear Woolley:The Paris weekly, L'ILLUSTRATION, has requested photographs and descriptive matter about the work of the Joint Expedition at Ur. I have told them that I would communicate with you and that I have no doubt you would furnish the material desired for publication.I presume that publicity in a French Journal will be to the advantage of the Expedition. Therefor, I send you the name of the correspondent which is as follows.Monsieur Victor Forbinchez L'ILLUSTRATION13, rue Saint GeorgesParis IX.I would especially appreciate your sending some text and photographs to M. Forbin.Very truly yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.The British MuseumLondon, England:
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May 20, 1926Dear Woolley:The Misses Hutchinson of Philadelphia expect to spend a little while in London during the latter part of the summer and especially desire to see certain of the collections of the British Museum. I want you to know these friends of mine.I very particularly wish that the Misses Hutchinson should see the Museum under the most favorable auspices and that they should have every help that can be afforded them. I know that it will be a pleasure for you to put yourself at the service of these very charming visitors and I hope you will not find the task the less agreeable because it will be a personal favour to me.I wish that you could have been at the Museum two days ago when we opened the New Wing named after Mr. Eckley B. Coxe, Jr. One of the features of the installation in this wing was a room devoted to the collections from Ur. They really make a very strong impression especially on account of the very respectable antiquity that they shadow forth and the mysterious writings that are so easily read.Before this reaches you, I suppose the summer will have passed and you will have arranged an exhibition of last season's finds in the British Museum and will be preparing for Mesopotamia again. In the meantime I hope that you shall have had a pleasant summer.Very sincerely yoursC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.The British MuseumLondon:
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May 26, 1924My dear Kenyon:I thank you for your letter of May 10th which I have just received and I am glad to know that Woolley and his cases have safely arrived at the British Museum. have you decided to hold an exhibition of Ur and Tell el Obeid finds this summer?I am writing to you now on quite a different subject. The Museum has been acquiring a considerable collection of Chinese antiquities, especially of sculpture. We have at present no Curator in that Department, Mr. Bishop having been taken from us by the Freer Museum in Washington and there is no one else in this country who is available. I do not know how the position is eventually to be filled, but in the meantime I have decided to inquire whether it would be entirely convenient for you and agreeable to Mr. Whaley if we were to invite him to come to us for a year, or for nine months. I do not think I have ever met Mr. Whaley, but I have been very agreeably impressed by his work that I have read. The enquiry that I take the liberty of addressing to you is whether you would care to consider lending us Mr. Whaley for a definite period beginning September 1st of this year, provided always that he wouldn't mind coming to America. we would be prepared to pay him whatever he is being paid by the British Museum in his present position and in addition his travelling expenses from London to Philadelphia and return. Perhaps we ought to pay him more on account of the probable higher cost of living in Philadelphia, but that is a matter I am sure would be capable of satisfactory arrangement.I am making this request without knowing at all what your plans or Mr. Whaley's plans may be. If they are inconsistent with my idea, you will, of course, tell me so and we can then try to make some other arrangement for our Chinese Section.With best regardsVery sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorBritish Museum:
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May 26, 1925My dear Kenyon:I have a latter from Woolley which raises several points that had better be answered as soon as possible. I am enclosing a copy of my answer to him for your consideration. I feel that the most important point to be decided now is the question of the next year's expedition and of the funds that can be allowed him. He will explained to you that he desires an additional £200. for himself and there will be the salary of an architect to add to next year's expenses. as well as something for Linnell. It would seem evident that we cannot expect to maintain an expedition without adequate salaries for its members and I am personally of the opinion that three men in addition to the Director is not a large personnel, but rather the reverse. I would hope t hat we could arrrange to pay Woolley £800. a year and that the finances of the Expedition might be all assured in advance.It would seem to me to be desirable that Woolley should not have to undertake again the task of collecting funds in Mesopotamia and I hope that we can together relieve him from that necessity and from similar anxieties before he leaves England. I can say that we will have on hand b efore the time that it will be required the sum of $12.500. equal to about £5572[?] Can you raise a similar amount?I hope that the exhibition this year may be helpful in creating interest and I remain, with best regardsvery sincerely yours Director Sir Frediric Kenyon. DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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May 26, 1925My Dear Woolley:I am rather sorry that you were at the trouble to send the small box of antiquess for our consideration. We feel that such funds as we have had better be safved for the buying of important things when they turn up. I would like very much to have the gold ring, but we could not afford to pay such a price. With regard to the other articles, their value in this country is affected by the fact that Syria and Asia Minor and other easter countries have since the war been combed by Armenian dealers who have dumped their gatherings in New York wherever they could get high prices. Stores on Fifth Avenue are full of materials of this kind which the owners are unable to sell and which they are returning to Syria where they can get better prices. I am returning the box to you, but I am retaining the Arabic object. The others are returned, because , as I say, it is our policy where possible to save the money for important purchases. Thanking you for having given us this opportunity. I remainVery Sincerely yoursDirectorMr. C. Leonard Woolley The British MuseumLondon, England:
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May 26, 1925My dear Woolley:I have your letter of April 24th and I am glad to see that you have arrived safely in London. It will be agreed by everyone, I suppose, that it is desirable to publish a volume of diggings as soon as possible and also a volume of historical texts. The collaboration of yourself and Hall in the preparation of the first volume of the former (Tell el Obeid) is understood and the collaboration of Legrain, Gadd and Smith in the preparation of the latter is also understood. The responsibility of each man for the texts founds in his year in the field would seem to me to be sound and reasonable, provided the material in any one year is not too great to be handled by one man. Your suggestion that the publication of texts should include photographs, hand copies, transliterations and translation, all to be selected by the authors would seem to be a comprehensive way of handling the material. With regard to the printing, my thought would be that it should be done wherever it can be done most economically. At the present time I believe it can be done cheaper in England than here. With regard to the offer made to you by Mr. Paul Guenthar of Paris to produce the whole of the Ur publications at his own risk is one on the merits of which I am not prepared to give an opinion. Our own dealings with Paul Geuthner of Paris have not been satisfactory. He was appointed agent in France for our publications and he would never render any accounts. For many years we were unable to get any settlement and we were obliged to cut off our relations with him. The advantage of having a publisher who will take all the risks and bring our archaeological reports:
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May 29, 1929My dear Mr. Esdaile:I have received yourletter of May 4 and am sendingyou enclosed herewith draftNo. 8428 on Brown, Shipley andCompany in the sum of £9-18-9in payment of the transportationcharges on our copies of ROYALINSCRIPTIONS FROM UR.Very sincerely yoursSecretaryMR. A. EsdaileSecretaryThe British MuseumLondon:
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May 29, 1930My dear Mr. Woolley:Our paths must have crossed somewhere between Nisibin and Nippur and I am sorry we did not meet on the road, if only for a passing greeting. I realized that our trip had been too long delayed to expect to see the work in progress at Ur, but I had hoped we might catch sight of you and Mrs. Woolley before you returned. My visit to Ur was, however, extremely satisfactory, although my stop there was somewhat limited. Yet I covered the ground pretty thoroughly and was tremendously impressed by the work accomplished and the possibilities for the future. I can only congratulate you profoundly and as a layman for the extraordinary things you have done there. Another season I hope I can come earlier to Iraq and see the work in progress.Would it be possible for you to let me have, fairly soon, an estimate of your required budget for next year? The Museum's fiscal year begins July 1st and, as an innovation, I am endeavouring to have all the various expedition budgets included in the main budget at the same time. There is, of course, no question of our being anything but wholly prepared to meet whatever sum you will require, but you will understand that with nine different expeditionary accounts to budget it is more convenient to present them to the Board for ratification all at one time, or as near together as may be.One other thing, would you object to having your report on the post campaign's results which I suppose you will give to the Antiquaries Journal appearing almost simultaneously this year and in future year's in The Museum Journal? So few people in this country se the Antiquaries Journal, and we have such a constant demand for up-to-date reports of the:
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May 31, 1928My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:I wshould be very much obligedto you if you could let me know theamount for which the Museum is responsiblefor expenses in connection with the printing of UR TEXTS, copies of which you stated in your letter of April 12th hadbeen delivered.Our fiscal year closes on June30th and as provision for this secondvolume in the Ur series had been made inour Budget, I am anxious to clear up thisindebtedness in the year's business.I hope that we will receive ourcopies of the publication in the near future.Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British Museum:
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May 5, 1922Dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:In your letter of March 25 which I have not yet acknowledged I was interested in reading that you were expecting Mr. Woolley in England when you would discuss with him your plans for archaeological work in the Near East.Following your suggestion that I give you any particulars that I can as to the nature of proposed cooperation in Mesopotamia, I will give you my thoughts which are briefly as follows.We are disposed to make further excavations on some site or sites in Mesopotamia in order to carry forward investigations begun at Nippur and at other sites in former years.To accomplish this, two things are necessary from the start; namely: funds and a competent man to take charge of the work. With regard to the latter we have no one to whom we could entrust the work. He would have to be a trained and experienced excavator and to meet with success he ought to be acquainted with the particular field in which he would have to work and with the people among whom he would have to live and whom he would have to employ. I do not know any one in this country at the present time available who could fill these conditions. I have it also in mind that if we were to send an independent expedition it would be working a great distance from home and while we feel that we could depend on the protection of the British authorities wherever that authority is exercized, we are aware that in a possible disturbed condition of the country protection might become difficult.The British Museum on the other hand would have the name and the prestige of the British Government as special guarantees of security. I understand that owing to the large expense of government and heavy taxes the Government might be unwilling at present to allow much expenditure for archaeological work by the British Museum.These thoughts have led me to the conclusion that by means of a joint expedition, each institutuion might supply the thing most needed by the other. Working with the British Museum would be to us equivalent to a measure of insurance. On our part we might furnish most of the funds.It seems to me that a reasonable basis for cooperation would be that this Museum should provide most of the funds and that the British Museum should contribute its prestige, the interest of the authorities, the protection of the local and central government and the facilities and good will of the country generally with regard to transportation, labour, supplies. With regard to the Field Director, my thought is that his choice would be subject to approval by both Institutions and that each Institution should pay one half of his salary, the amount to be fixed by mutual agreement.:
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May 5, 1923Dear Sir Frederic:I am making arrangements to sail on the BERENGARIA from New York on the 15th of this month and expect to arrive in London about the 22nd. I shall be on my way to Egypt and will probably spend two or three days in London when I hope to see you and talk over plans for next year at Ur.We have had no word from Woolley since February 26th. I suppose that he will be in London by the time I arrive.With best regardsVery sincerely yours SIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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May 6, 1930My dear Sir Frederic:I wish to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of April 22nd in which you enclose Mr. Woolley's last article for the press and which you say you will release for publication on Tuesday, May 13th.I do not believe that I have acknowledged receipt of the catalogue of photographs from Ur for the season 1926-1929 which you sent us some time ago We are glad to have this set of prints for our files, and I want to thank you for having it prepared for us.Sincerely yoursSecretary Sir Frederic Kenyon, Director The British Museum London England:
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May 6, 1930My dear Sir Frederic:I wish to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of April 22nd in which you enclose Mr. Woolley's last article for the press and which you say you will release for the press and which you say you will release for publication on Tuesday, May 13th. We shall follow our usual custom of releasing ours on the day preceding that on which yours will appear in the paper.It may be that you will see Mr. Jayne in London. He is still abroad and I am sure that if he has time to do so, he will you a visit.I do not believe that I have acknowl- edged receipt of the catalogue of photographs from Ur for the season 1923-1929 which you sent us some time ago. We are glad to have this set of prints for our files, and I want to thank you for having it sent to us.Very truly yoursSecretary Sir Frederic Kenyon, Director The British Museum London, England:
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May 6. 25Dear GordonWhen I wrote to you on my return to England there was one thing I forgot to mention, so now I'm writing again:- how about the '[antiques?]' I sent over to you last year? I don't know what you eventually decided about them: you said that you considered the gold ring expensive & the:
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maybe the upper part of the pestoral hanging over the breasts- or a beaded veil covering breasts & shoulders & composed of 8 or 9 strings, and supported by v shaped bands deeply incised on the back.
Breast exposed, made of added clay balls - one missing -
Arms broken off.
Large body, shoulders & hips-:
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me-and Sir Leonard Woolley was also of this opinion--that you have possibly shifted some of the cat. entries in doing the work, & that this might account for differences.But when I examine the line plates and make a few tests with the numbers shown in the \"Index to the Hand-drawings,\" I find that, for instance, where No. 340 is entered alongside a motif, it is, in the case of four motifs, definitely wrong. I will show you these on a separate sheet. Before checking this index throughout, I should be grateful if you can tell me if these discrepancies are due to changes in numbering made by you in the course of the work, & if so, if you have a list of such changes that you can send me. Of course, I must go to Press with this vol. as soon as possible. You will understand that it is a long & difficult task for anyone who has not studied these impressions in detail, to substitute a right entry for a wrong one. So please forgive me for bothering you.Yours very truly,[??Joan Joshua??]:
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meets your approval.With very kind regardsYours sincerelySidney Smith.[underscored]:
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mer I left out on the work some 800 wooden sleepers, locally valued at four shillings each; I was assured by the rail_way people that they would all be stolen (armed gangs regularly steal sleepers from the rail-way stations), and actually on my return there was not one missing. I would also remind you that at the beginning of the first season my camp was raided, and I had a man killed. £250 is a large sum, but I could not reduce it without endangering the safety of the expedition property and even the lives of the personnel. That is the penalty of working in an unsettled country.Of course I shall do my best to economise, but there cannot be any very great reduction in overhead expenses. What I shall have to do is change my plan for the season and engage on work which I had thought it better and in the end more economical to postpone till later. Thus I shall employ a smaller gang, and get through less work, though I hope that the results will still be satisfactory: but obviously, less money means less work, and that is a pity. If I can raise more money in England, I shall enlarge my scope accordingly - though then the lack of my architect will be even more severely felt.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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MERCHANDISE NOT PURCHASEDInvoice No. 10339Mar 12 1929American Consular Serviceat London.12 March, 1929.Consignor The British Museum.Consignee The Director, Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. PhiladelphiaCarrier \"AQUITANIA\"Port of Shipment SouthamptonDestination Philadelphia.Port of Arrival New YorkPort of entry DO.Amount of invoice £2000Kind of goods Antiquities over 100 years old.Declaration of shipper The British Museum, H.R. Hall, Keeper of Eg AntiquitiesBritish Museum19 February 1929.Consular Certificate signed Mar 12 1929 by L.C. Pinkerton, Consul, at London, England.[American Consulate General, London, England stamps]:
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MERCHANDISE NOT PURCHASEDInvoice No. 44101 Feb 1929American Consular Serviceat London.1st February, 1929.Consignor The British Museum.Consignee The Director, Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. PhiladelphiaCarrier \"MAURETANIA\"Port of Shipment SouthamptonDestination Philadelphia.Port of Arrival New YorkPort of entry -\"-Amount of invoice £5,000.Kind of goods 18 Wooden Boxes Antiquities.Declaration of shipper Dr. H.R. Hall. of London on 1 February 1929.for and on behalf of the British MuseumH. R. HallConsular Certificate signed 1 Feb 1929 by R. Castleman, Consul, at London, England.[American Consulate General, London, England stamps]:
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MERCHANDISE NOT PURCHASEDInvoice No. 7140Feb 19 1929American Consular Serviceat London.19 February, 1929.Consignor The British Museum.Consignee The Director, Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. PhiladelphiaCarrier S.S./AQUITANIA/Port of Shipment SouthamptonDestination Philadelphia.Port of Arrival New YorkPort of entry DO.Amount of invoice £3500Kind of goods Antiquities.Declaration of shipper The British Museum, George F. Hill, Keeper19 February 1929.Consular Certificate signed Feb 19 1929 by R.B. Macatee, Consul, at London, England.[American Consulate General, London, England stamp]:
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MESOPOTAMIA (UR) EXCAVATIONS,SEASON, 1927-28.ACCOUNT OF JOINT EXPEDITION.Contributions:-University of Pennsylvania £2500. 0. 0British Museum 2500. 0. 0Sale of Reports in Irak 59. 4. 0Visitors to Site 22. 10. 0_____________5081. 14. 0Expenditure by C. L. WoolleyAccount 1 July - 31 Oct., 1927 £1135. 14. 10November, 1927 628-17-1 628. 15. 8December, 1927 515-0-7 515. 16. 0January, 1927 546. 1. 21 Feb. - 31 May, 1928 1895. 19. 11June, 1928 354 2. 3____________5076. 8. 10Balance with C. L. Woolley:-University of Pennsylvania £2. 12. 1British Museum 2. 12. 1____________5. 4. 2____________5081. 14. 0____________:
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MESOPOTAMIAN EXCAVATIONS FUND.ACCOUNT OF EXPENSES INCURRED BETWEENJULY 1. AND OCTOBER 31. 1923.________________________A. Preliminary Expenses. £ a. d.Balance due to Mr. Newton on travelling acct for close of 1922-1923 season 9 15 4Due from last season, to Iraq Railways 3 1 6 to Disposals 2 13 4 _________ 5 14 10Expenses in connection with the Exhibition in London 3 14 11Cabs, stamps and telephone calls, 1 5 0Fleming, for photograph prints and lantern slides 16 12 2 ________________ Total 37 2 3 ________________B. Payment of Guards and water-contractor at Ur during summer, to Iraq Govt. per Paymaster General, 100 0 0Expenses connected with same, 2 3 4 ________________ 102 3 4 ________________C. Purchase of Expedition Outfit.From Army and Navy Stores, 46 4 1 \" Kettle, Wooden boxes 6 0 5 \" Horne Bros. 7 6 11 \" Smith & Sons, A. B. C. Code 3 3 0 \" Houghtons, photograph stores 17 10 9 \" Smith, bag and labels, 1 16 6 \" Misc. Trading Co., instruments, 12 11 6 Clock and watches 3 0 3 Tools 15 10 Office stamps, 8 6 Books (Perrot & Chipiez) 1 11 3 Small varia 13 8 Baghadad 2 beds Rs/ 33 blankets 78 4 chairs 40 household stuff 50 distemper 37.8 varia 47.4 wicks 21 ________ 306.12 = 20 9 0 ________ ________________ 122 1 8 ________________:
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MESOPOTAMIAN EXCAVATIONS FUND.STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR DECEMBER1923. ============A. Wages.To workmen on dig. Dec. 8. Rs.1001. 2. Dec. 15. 1217. 2. Dec. 22. 1201. 0 Dec 29. 1151. 4 -------- 4570. 8 = 304. 14. 0Guards 690. 0Local agent 98. 3Chauffeur 145. 0 ------- 933. 3 = 62. 1. 7Foremen from Jerablus 19. 0. 0B. Excavation Expenses.Messrs. Norton & Gregory's bill, drawing materials, 15. 3. 10Water contract for two sites, Rs.660. 0Telegrams and stamps 132. 0Freight & messengers 82.12Purchase of small antikas 18. 0Loss on bad notes 5. 4Carpenter's wage 16. 4Baksheesh 40. 0Purchase of horse 82. 0Camera tripod 15. 4Plaster of Paris 123. 8Varia purchased locally 373.10 ------- 1448.10 = 96. 19. 6 --------C. House Furniture.Bedstead 18. 0 = 1. 4. 0D. Living Expenses.Petty cash acct., Nasiriyah, Rs.335. 4 Ur Junction 120.14 Basra 7. 2Cook's wages 100. 0House servents' wages 65. 0 ------ 628. 4 = 41. 17. 8 -------E. Salaries.C. L. Woolley 50. 0. 0 ------------------ TOTAL. 591. 0. 7 ----------------------------N.B. These accounts give to rupees the nominal flat rate of 15 = £1st. This is liable to modification in accordance with the bank rate at date of credit.:
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MESOPOTAMIAN EXCAVATIONS. ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯FUNDS: Pounds s. d.¯¯¯¯¯ Pennsylvania University Museum 2,500 British Museum 1,100 ______________________________________ 3,600 Expenditure 3,769 13 6 ______________________________________ Excess of expenditure over funds 169 13 6 ______________________________________ ______________________________________MONEY IN HAND:¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Pennsylvania 2502: -: -: 2490: 9: 6: 11 10 6 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ British Museum 1100: -: -: 1066: 1: 8: 33 18 4 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ 45 8 10 ______________________________________ ______________________________________Due to Mr. C. L. Woolley 215 2 4Balance in hand 45 8 10Deficit as shown on accounts to 6 April ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯and submitted to Trustees 12 May, 1922 169 13 6 -------------------------------------- ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ADD: for expenditure to end of newly¯¯¯ agreed financial year 30 June, 1923. Salary 159 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Total excess over grants (3,600) 319 13 6:
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Middle East Dept.,Colonial Office,S.W.1.15 - 7 - '21Dear Sir,My letter to Sir F. Kenyon was written under the impression that Col. Lawrence had left London without seeing you. I do not know that I can add much to what Col. Lawrence was able to tell you, but I will do what I can.If you could come next Monday at 3 p.m. it would:
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Middle East Dept.,Colonial Office,S.W.1.9-7-1921Dear Sir Frederic Kenyon,Dr. G.B. Gordon,of the University of Pennsylvania,was to have seen Col. Lawrencea few days ago, to discussthe question of the resumptionof excavations in Mesopotamia.He did not keep the appoint-ment, and Col. Lawrencehas now left the country,:
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Middle part of nude fem. :
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miniature boat:
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Miniature dog - Glaz_d green blue
Head & legs miss_g:
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Miniature stool. Square. 4 legs.
Seat represent_d by tiers of V shap_d decor. Imitation of reed manning(?) held togeth. by 4 cross beams with grooves at each corner. :
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Miniature vase. U....
Woman carry_g jar on shoulders:
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Miss Bell. Everyone here seems most pleased at the lot of stuff that is to be shared between the two museums.As to the things that go to Baghdad, at present there is, as you know, practically no accommodation for them; but the building of the Museum has started, and Wilson is over in England now with £1000 to get proper cases etc. for holding valuable objects. I think that they will do their best. At present their poverty is to our advantage. As they have no means of treating properly the more delicate things, we just take the lion's share of those, on the plea of the interests of science. In the same way, I have brought back here the \"milking\" panel and the two copper bulls apportioned to Baghdad, and in return for putting these into decent condition we keep ten bulls out of the twelve from the frieze, and both the copper bulls in the round; i.e. we get more than our share in consideration of shouldering the expense of repairing the Baghdad share. This expense should not be heavy (though the B.M. technical staff has little leisure for outside work, and this may prove a difficulty) and seems to be very worth the while.The preliminary publications will be made, as last year, in the Antiquaries' Journal; that on Tell el Obeid will appear in October, that on Ur separately at the end of the year. I shall be getting the final publication of Tell el Obeid in order and hope that it may be out next spring or summer; what will hold it up more than anything else is the need to include Hall's stuff, which requires a lot of work and repair before it can be adequately illustrated. I propose to have short accounts also in \"Discovery\" and in the Illustrated London News, and shall lecture in town, either at the Antiquaries or to the Central Asian Society or both; and I am to broadcast a series of three short and popular lectures as well. All this means a lot of work, and I do not wish to do more than is absolutely necessary in the way of preparing things for the temporary exhibition; that was how I knocked myself up last summer, and it is foolish to run the risk of doing the same again; so I am shifting the bulk of the on to the shoulders of the regular staff of the Museum:
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Miss McHugh-2-8/6/314. The two Chinese purchases--a group of pottery and 2 tiles--for which I think you have been sent cheques were unavoidable opportunities. Mr. McMichael knows about them and we'll get authority at the next meeting--which will be October, since I shan't be back in time for September, and Mr. McMichael says it can be no quorum expected.[last three words underlined]5. The meeting of the finance committee wasn't nearly so bad as it might have been. Miss Bruckner has Mr. Madeira's report to Mr. McMichael for you to see. Mr. Scull was a little contentious but in the whole things were peaceful and at least it made plain that our position was on the whole fairly satisfactory.6. You might cable me if a favourable reply comes from Mr. Appleget; he promised in acknowledging my application to do what he could to forward a decision and we can only pray for favourable action.As to the staff everybody has behaved themselves pretty well while you have been away. I told Miss Thompson she could stay off till after Labour Day, since it's been so hot and tiresome. Miss Baker is back in the country and her box of drawings is in the rug storeroom. She will also be back after Labour Day as will Smith. I got a letter from another Miss Thompson wanting a job in connexion with our visual material. Her qualifications seemed to make her someone it would be too good to miss and so I suggested she come down and see Mrs. Dam and if Mrs. Dam liked her she could be taken on for two or three months at $125.00, to straighten out lantern slides and photographs and then we'd see if it were possible to keep her. Mrs. Dam may not like her nor think she meets my usual and only standard, but if she does I really think she could be very helpful for a brief stay and we can, I think, squeeze her compensation from the School Museum fund--but don't tell Mrs. Dam this last. At least you will know about it.I believe we shall certainly have to keep paying Satterthwaite his regular salary until October and we shall then try to make a new deal of some sort. [the following is inserted in handwriting here: From the Johnson Expedition balance!]Installation matters worry me somewhat since things seem to have come to a standstill. I understand Miss Wardle is on vacation and Miss Butler is occupied with Marajo pottery and little is being done. I would like to see all those American galleries opened this autumn if it can be done. We could give a party to celebrate this and the first view of the lintel and other Piedras Negras finds and hence it is worth pushing. I have instructed Joe Burke about a base for the lintel and as soon as he has finished the kyak and canoe rests he will do it, so that's all right. After that, if you have found nothing more for him to do he might well make framed backgrounds for the snow-shoes, etc. in the Eskimo room. [handwritten asterisk here] They will look ever so much better so exhibited--like the spears in the lower front hall. In the (new) Tlingit room one pair of Shotridge's new door posts can go at either end of the screen [words on the crossed out] back, [words to back inserted here] with the last of the top-lighted wall-cases in the centre for exhibiting the most striking and colourful of the small objects. [handwritten asterisk inserted here] [the following sentence is crossed out: The other pair of posts can go on either side of the doorway into the Eskimo room.] For the Tlingit material I have no other suggestions, and of course the above can be altered if you desire.[handwritten asterisk at bottom of page; handwritten note which reads I've already told him]:
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Miss McHugh-3-8/6/31But these galleries are only a part of the installation problems that concern me and which I gracefully pass on to you. Second in importance is the African material. Which, if only to do Hall justice, should be started upon. I finally decided to abandon the plan to devote the long gallery of the second floor fourth section to New Guinea and give all available exhibition space on this floor--i.e. all but the studio and so-called Board Room--to Africa and relegate the Pacific to the floor below: the front gallery for sculpture and allied artistic objects, the long gallery for representative ethnological groups of African material. I firmly believe it is better thus: we shall not have to skimp either Africa or Polynesia this way and even though the latter's exhibiting be sadly postponed at least Africa will be on view. I think, too, that the African material will fit the green-base cases better. Therefore, if a start could be made on this, it would be well, if it were only to line the new cases with monk's cloth, it would perhaps make poor Hall believe I was serious in my intentions to open his Section eventually.Lastly, it would be grand if a beginning could be made on placing the Mihrab in its new position. Kevorkian was over (and was very agreeable) and was delighted with your choice of a place for it and I rather promised him that we should have it in place by autumn, and it might be well to keep him content. Mrs. Burnett's statue could be placed, and I think permanently, where the Mihrab used to be, for it seems to me that we could well dedicate that small gallery to Indian art and thus interchange the contents of the two galleries with a minimum of effort.From all the suggestions I am making you might think I expected to be away six months instead of six weeks, but of course I don't for an instant expect that you can embark on all of them; they are only to give you guidance as to my ambitions, if you need any.I hope you like your repainted offices, an extravagance, perhaps, but one for which there was much excuse. I was sorely tempted to pick a delicate lavendar shade or a nice forthright terracotta instead of cream, but Miss Bruckner insisted you would not like it, so the conservative quality be on her head.The only genuine worry I leave behind is that of Woolley's lectures. Boston, Providence, and Worcester are arranged for, but I have got him no others and he really should have five instead of three, plus such as can be made in and about Philadelphia, to be delivered while he is here. The Barnwell Trustees very annoyingly turned him down which left me rather high and dry in regard to the latter, for, although Swarthmore, Temple, Bryn Mawr, Haverford, etc. occured[sic] to me as possibilities, at a hundred dollar fee, his visit here will be before colleges open and hence they will probably not take him. In this respect, if the worst comes to the worst we can pay him for the one he gives us, though I should for every reason be reluctant to do so. But I do want to get him two more at $200 or three at $150 even, in the latter part of October. I have so far covered only New England, New York City, Baltimore, and Washington which leaves the mid-west untouched. I cannot believe that in New Haven and New York City there is not some institution or foundation that would welcome him.:
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Missing turban clay or bitumen added
No traces of locks on shoulders
Broken at waist
Surface damaged.:
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missing. - no trace of mouth..
Incised 2 string necklace -
Locks of hair, incised mass of clay on shoulders - Three lock above are missing over forehead a frontlet, which over the neck tied hair in a roll.
Feet blended in a point in front- Scat reduced to a double foot support at the back - (originally in a shrine ?)
Breast over model_d out of the mass. :
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MK 8/23/33<Telephone Holborn 2463.Telegraph \"Tasteful, London\"White HallBloomsbury SquareLondon WC1[logo of the White Hall Residential Hotels LTD] >Aug. 12. 33 Dear Mr Jayne,The division is over. It did not take much time any how. Odd objects covered one long table. The fragment of the Ur-Nammu stela comes naturally to our share. But it was included in the division and balanced against a little copper statue , and a late copper saucepan. Both parties are satisfied. The rest consists of good painted and red pottery of the Jemdet Nasr level, of copper tools, seals, beads, inlay material, terra cottas, one gold ornament, one inscribed brick, and a number of amulets.:
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mm2quired for next season, would you be able to provide the other half? I am not sure that I can do even so much, but this arrangement would make it easier for me.Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYON, DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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Model brick. Burnt. All (A-D) Found in connect. w. 3_d dyn mud brick walls.:
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Model chariot: box, splash board, curved pole, team of 2 asses-
Mounted on a rectangl clay base, with holes for the wheel axes, and one in front for a string to pull the boy:
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Model clay bed. :
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Model comb. Glazed Frit. One end missing. Holder decorated w. an animal figure:
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Model comb. Glazed Frit. One end missing. Holder decorated w. an animal figure. :
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Model shrine. Bak_d clay- Like sentry box. w. heavy convex back. Entrance has a rounded arch
Fixed onto the back of the recess a narrow strip of baked clay.
Shrine has a high rounded top & rosetles decorate the face.
Part of top broken.:
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Model: Small dog (?) crouch_g on top of box - Pendant charm?:
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Model_d Archaic
Clay man.
Drab:
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Model_d greenish clay ram's head
broken at neck :
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month. Next Thursday week I lecture to the Central Asian Society.By the way, Ursula Greville is going to New York to sing at the first concert of the International Composers' Guild on Dec. 7. She will reach the States about Nov. 20 & stop till Xmas. If you know of anyone who would like to get hold of her to sing at 'at homes' or anything, her agent is G.H. Dows, 1701 Chestnut, & her minimum fee is $250, & she'd like to have engagements especially between the 7th Dec. & Xmas. So if you can help her, & feel inclined to, here is a chance.:
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most successfully.I left off at this point last night, and in the night we had a tremendous thunderstorm and were flooded out (I spent some time in overcoat and pyjamas throwing up earth banks to save the house!) and so today work on the graves had to stop, as no small objects could have been seen in the mud, and we have made a fresh start on another patch of the cemetery area, clearing the barren soil at the top.I am glad Legrain liked the exhibition,- it was the best we have had and we took a lot of trouble over the arrangement and labelling and I think that all that was appreciated by the very big public that came to see it. Of course not nearly all the things found were shewn, especially in the way of tablets, which were far better than usual. When last year's and this year's cylinder seals come to Philadelphia Legrain will have to publish a new edition of his catalogue - we are getting magnificent examples of Sargonid and Ist Dynasty types.You will have got my first report; I hope that the second will chronicle greater success!With all good wishes,Yours sincerely,[signed]C. Leonard Woolley:
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Mostly Dq - some from Ur
many examples.
Clay birds - Usually hollow & containing a pebble, a rattle - sometimes solid :
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Mother & child - Type. V, 3.
A - head miss_g - Dq,
B - id - larger. NT.
C - id larger. NT,
D - Complete - h. 90 - A.H Grave
E - " 85 - AH soil. SW of house. 17
F - head miss_g h.80 - AH 6m.60 from surf. s. end. of dig
G Complete. h.80. AH above floor
H. Head miss_g "
J. Complete. h.85. NH.
K. " 70. " : 31-43-406
L. " 80. "
M. head & base miss_g. "
N - upper part only. "
O - Complete. h.75 - "
P - Head miss_g 65. "
Q " " 60 "
R - Complete. 80 " : 31-43-407.
S " 80 ?
T " 78 AH NeoBab. lev.:
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Mother & child. (cf 1234):
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Mother & daughter, dressed and seated. votive fig. offering an alabastron(left) a small pot(right), and the child a tambourine. Kaunakes robe, arms half bare. Hair on shoulders, locks, rather than earring
[backside] Necklace, bracelet. Moulded plaque, with clay base to set it up as a memorial. Hair parted, waved, drawn back. tied w. a band.(comb?):
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Moud_d reddish clay fig.
Fem (?) fig. Elaborate flounc_d skirt
cf. Nipp. TC cat no 95-97. 99. 104:
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Mould
Dress_d Fem & Goddess
Seated- Clasp_d -
Seated clasp_d. Mitre
Birds- Kaunak
Rosettes:
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Mould
Dress_d Fem- Kaunal
Seal_d Clasped
Holds jar
L. Extend:
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Mould
Dress_d- Seat_d Goddess
Rays on shoulders
Mitre
Armed w. club
Holding tracs - Bird:
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Mould
God- stands on lion
Goddess & god seat_g on ram
Stand_g god w whip
(1/2 comp)
Walking Martu Crook :
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Mould
Group-Turban whip
Hairband- 1 or 4 horns
Kaunak & plain
Faung or profile:
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Mould
Mother Goose- Seated
Flowering vase
Standing w. birds
w flowering vase:
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1
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Mould
Nude Fem: Stand_g
Arch: clasp_d at angle
many neckl. :
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1
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Mould -33-
Group-Kaunak
Holding bottles
[PA-MA & nude daughter initially indicated then crossed out]
[note 2 rows of 6 vertical hash marks indicated?] :
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1
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Mould of Nude. fem w. h. clasp_d small grotesq. head. heavy neckl. like Type III c.H.:
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Mould stand_g drap_d god.-Long flounc_d skirt-H. before brest hold_g a mace. :
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1
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Mould-(brok. mend_d) Nude Fem Fig-:
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1
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mould-For Puzuzu head. glass beads on side of it an inscription.??:
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1
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Mould.
Large belli_d "Set-like fig.:
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1
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Mould.
small grotesq. fig-naked. full
face, w. bent knees, urinat_g:
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1
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mould.
God advanc_g rt.?
Salt encrust_d:
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1
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Mould. God & God_ss s. by s. Bolb. heavily Flounc_d dress reach_g to Feet Above a crescent. :
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Mould. seat_d Fig of woman drap_d & suckl_g infant Dq.=16904. Ph 1865:
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Moulded - almost no back ground.
{43 circled}:
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Moulded clay fig. broken at knees
Nude fem. w head_d necklace (3 or 4 fold) & belt:
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1
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Moulded clay Fig. Nude Fem. w. necklace& l. arm raised. :
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1
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Moulded drab clay fig.
Beard_d Fig. seated on chair facing Headd.-
[85 circled at top of note]:
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1
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Moulded drab clay fig. F_t waist upwards-
Beard_d man with horn_d headdr.:
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1
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Moulded glazed frit
Four snakes entwined in form of 2 mace head - round a vase and pierced through - to be mounted on a stick - scaled bodies and heads well modell_d:
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Moulded Glazed. Frit. one suspension hole. Mask of Hambaba.-Grinning mouth. High cheek bones-large eyes. pig nose. all wrinkles :
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Moulded Plaque
[backside] Nude woman, standing, bejeweled-clasped-double bejeweled belt over triangl. pubes w markings &hips. Dog necklace over tiers of necklaces. Double ornate earrings. Mass of hair on either side. Flat above tied w. a band. Round eyes. nose &chin. Graceful lines. Feet joined-Arms locked straight-small base to help the plaque stand up Idol? Memorial of dead?:
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Moulded plaque
2 feet support behind:
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1
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Moulded plaque
Broken at feet:
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Moulded plaque
Broken midst
Goddess w turreted- or feather_d- head dress- above hair band-
Long braids falling on breast-
Earrings: chocker 2 strings
Kaunakes robes- covers left arm- holding ring- Right arm bare- Hand raised holding...? :
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Moulded plaque base marked w 3 fingers impress. Dressed, pressing, standing on a square low base
[backside] Hair band ov. jewel in front. Hair divided in three round coils side locks-or earrings chocker & bracelets. Tight fitting robe below breasts w. incised horizontal chevrons, vertical marking & fringes. :
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Moulded plaque Broken half.
Idem 32-40-42
Nude bejewelled, clasped, standnig? High comb with double lier of spirals above hairband across forehead Tire locks-or string of beads-below the band, drawn backwards over the ears Triple lunate earrings. Chocker-&long necklace. Double bracelets- :
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Moulded plaque broken middle.
Dressed, standing? Right hanging-Left in middle OF body. Double masses of curls on either side of face-Flat above-Tied w a band.-Incised chocker-Necklace pass over breasts & shoulders Bare arms. Tight fitting roobe-or shawl-round body below breasts-marked w. incised crossed lines. :
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Moulded plaque w. spread_g base.
Id. 31-16-919:
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Moulded plaque with enlarg_d base to set it up.
cf u. 7071
[backside]Dressed, presenting a nude grown up child, r across body, l. below the knees the head of the child is turned back -suckling the right breast -kaunakes shawl passing over left shoulder. -Hair waves, tied, thrown back, Locks on either side.-Earrings? -Bare Feet:
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Moulded plaque, broken middle
[photo]wrong photo what U...no? 1325?[arrow pointing to photo] not on Photo 189-under U. 1336. [box]where the fig is that given to 1325 by error? Nude, bejewelled, clasped, standing Hair parted, waved, tied w. band Side locks-clumps of hair Lunate earrings Necklace Bracelets Finger prints behind. :
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Moulded plaque, broken midst. above pubes Nude. bejewelled, standing,pressing a ring or cup to her breast short hair. tied w. triple band. Large ear rings strong eyes, eyebows. nose mouth. chin. chocker&necklace Bracelet&belt. Navel. :
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Moulded plaque, placed on a chair when still. Moist.
Dressed, clasped, seated: votive figure placed on a chair w. a high back- broken off- only the feet of the seat are left.
The little fig was placed- and forced- on the chair when still moist - The feet are not reaching to the ground.
Hair parted, waved, tied w a band with locks escaping on either side over earrings, and hanging on:
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Moulded plaque-
Dressed walking right, stands on a square base- Right extended, Left holding a long neck bottle-rather than bunch of dales-an offering side locks-and earrings chocker & necklace- Tight embroidered robe, w tasselled fringe-short sleeves to elbow. A fringed shawl hanging from shoulders:
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Moulded plaque-Group of nude wrestlers Arms locked round each other body & neck and. feet crossed. From D.P (?) - 70x55mm cp. U. 15722. (Larsa rubbish PG.):
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Moulded plaque. Base to sel it up.
Entwined couple. Shepherd god & wife. Lulimu w whip over right shoulder- 7 tiers kaunakes & round woolen turban wife leaning on his shoulder. Horned mitre
2 tiers kaunakes robe, covers left arm. :
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Moulded plaque. Broken Nude woman holding small _ in left hand tumbler, conical, w ring on bottom, and engraving on surface - Held between the breasts, between forefinger & thumb. R. arm hanging? hair parted, waved, tied w a band, Long locks drawn backward over the ears, and attached behind. - comb w, flowers Tripartite lunate earrings Three string of beads round neck Double bracelets faint traces of light veil over arms & breasts Belt. Round face, eyes, curved meeting eyebrows - small mouth Iden: 31-16-800. Fr_t Neck & breast left holds cup. Lower neckl. round depress beads Idem: 31-16-868 Body rt. hanging 31-16-790 Body rt. hanging:
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Moulded red clay Fig. Nude Fem. Hair dress_d ni curls. :
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Moulded relief. Head broken
Found in burnt stratum below bottom course of brick hinge box in the Nabonidus gate near the Ziggurat TW - SW.
Squatted nurse. suckling? a nude child. - Baby resting on her bent knees
Her left supporting his head, her r. round his body. - child raises his hands to the breast. - natural. :
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Moulded replica of 71.
Broken.
3 p. of horns - mitre
Round oriental face
Hair masses on shoulders.
:
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Moulded strong relief Broken
Nude,..standing
Hair waved, parted, tied?, falling behind the ears. Round Face-:
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Moulded-Sakheira Nude woman, standing, clasped hands, no jewels Body well model_d-youthful-Throat, round firm breasts, hips, fold of flesh twoards pubes, strong thighs-Round oriental Face.-Hair waved, lied w a band- curls on shoulders, behind ears. Broken at the knees. :
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1
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Moulded.
Glazed frit.
Hole in neck. Amulet. Blue glaze.
Water (?) turtle - Scales marked above and below shale. :
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1
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Moulded. Broken below knees
Young girl-Nude,slim, clasped. Dog necklace 3 strings-double bracelet incised-Hair combed tied w flat band-2 long locks. Frame the Face, cover the ears, falls in curls on shoulders. Long Face, large eyes, strong nose, small chin-Pubes, no belt, Navel. Beaded string crossing between breasts and round the waist. :
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Moulds.
A. Fem head. profile-Fillet, brad_d hair looking rt. Neckl. Full Face(not usual sumer.):31-43-90(?) h. 22.
B. Beard_d man. drap_d profile left(in impress.) H. clasp_d h. 27.:31-43-29(?).:
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Mould_d
Fr_t nude fem. Waist down.
Drab - Tambourin:
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1
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Mould_d
Seat_d fem. fig. Full face-Horn_d
crown. Dress in pleated flounces to feet. 2 cresc. moon in background:
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1
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mould_d 3/4 Fig. woman-h. clasp_ed Robe style Gudea period. :
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Mould_d Broken below waist. Nude fem, neckl. Wrist bangles clasp_d Thick bandeau to keep in the hair w. hangs down behind the ears. :
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1
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Mould_d broken below knees.
Beard_d fig. w. plait_d locks.
hold_g emblem in each. hand.:
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Mould_d clay Fig. Fem. clothed, w long hair, bearing infant in arms. :
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1
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Mould_d clay fig. Fem. w. necklace. holding circular object in front of breast. :
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Mould_d clay fig. Fr_t waist up. Only light clay. Fem. Fold. neckl. Hair curled.
=1552 h=15663:
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Mould_d clay relief- Fig in profile. (Waist upw. only) app_ly one of a group. There is a hooked attach_t behind the fig.
Idem. 16974: 31-43-657:
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Mould_d Drab
Fem? seat_d left. Long robe to feet-horn_d bead_d-From shoulders rise 3 rays or wings
cf. 1579:
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mould_d drab clay fig. Fem. fig seated on chair(Facing) holds cup in rt. h. :
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1
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Mould_d drab clay relief. 2 fig stnading.. Flounc_d skirts, one w. horn_d headd.
Crescent of moon & stars above.:
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Mould_d Fig-Lower part only. Drab-Fem. wearing skirt, walking rt. to l. :
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Mould_d Fr_t waist down. Fem.-Lower end turn_d up. creamy:
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Mould_d Fr_t: Drap_d Fem. Neck down. Greenish:
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Mould_d in rectang_r frame (shrine?)
Fem. w. turret_d headdr. Heavy cloak w. big rosettes on sh. Flounc_d skirt in each hand a bottle 4 large rosettes in tiers. above sh.
Features pinched, not recogosable
Red-clay.:
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Mould_d plaque
Entwined couple- one hand resting on the other shoulder-
Both wear kaunakes 7 tiers robe- Covering wife's both shoulders, man's only left shoulder
One wears turban, wife band tying hair
-rolled scarf-:
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1
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Mould_d plaque
Small base to set it up
:
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1
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Mould_d plaque. Fr_t
[cf. 1204
Ph-191 initially written then crossed out]
Nude woman standing-clasped?
Combed hair-cap-like-No band?
string of large beads-
Broken across breasts:
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Mould_d plaque. Much worn.
Entwined deities- standing-
He on left holds 2 clubs- or curved weapons on on each hand.
She rest her left hand on his shoulder
He wears turban, formal beard. between two hair braids
Both wear kaunakes 7 tiers robe- (bare arm come easy for action out of ample folds)
She has hairtied w. a band etc :
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1
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Mould_d red clay grotesq mask. :
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1
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Mould_d red-Nude? fem. seat_d-Full-bottom_d-wig & bead collar- w. both hands holds infant to l. breast.
Roughly model_d in relief, 2 legs behind to stand it up. :
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1
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Mould_d Red.
Fem. scat_d rt. (=1375).:
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1
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Mould_d Reddish
Fem. fig. full face. seat_d on a throne (broken) - hands to breasts - Drap_d Turret_d crown. Heavy curls.:
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1
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Mould_d red_sh clay fig-Fr waist upwards- Beard_d fig. w. high head_d Head in profile, arms folded:
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Mould_d relief
Head & sh. Bear_d god
3 horn_d cap. Long side curls & long beard. Flail in l.h.
Face battered.:
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Mould_d relief
Support on the back are broken off- may be applied decoration on a vase.
Sphinx- The pairs project on a platform:
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Mould_d relief fr_t
Man hold_g ram:
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Mould_d relief-Fr_t upper part, drap_d beard_d man. :
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1
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Mould_d relief.
Grotesq male fig. Bes. like, rt. arm raised, left to breast, nude, large genital organs, bow legs, feet together.:
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Mould_d Seat_d fem. hold_g vase on knees:
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1
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Mould_d TC.
Fem fig. full face, Kalathos head_d.
Dress_d w. pleat_d flounces-Hair in 2 heavy side loops-
Rt. h. raised to sh. Fingers extend_d lt. h. raised to sh. Fingers extend_d
lt. h. below breasts-
Broken at waist-
Incis_d cresc. on backgr.:
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Mould_d TC.
Tambourine player - Head bent foreward, & beaked nose.
Dress decorat_d w. spots in relief.
Broken at waist. :
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Mould_d TC. Fem. Fig. nude, Full Face. clasp_d Hair dress_d w. vertical lines to forehead & heavy back fall w. horizont_l vaves. Good model. Broken at hips:
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Mould_d TC. Fig. high relief
[box]cf. 1104 20048 ph. 189. ph. 2285 bes hea[all crossed out] Dress_d Fem-clasp[crossed out]
:
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Mould_d TC. fig. Top of Head missing Beard_d male. full face, clasp_d skirt of 3 tiers of Flounces From waist to knees-Nude above waist.:
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Mould_d. TC. fig. Beard_d Crod
Broken off below waist:
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1
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Moul_d clay Fig. Drab. Fem. nude. w. necklace.:
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1
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Moul_d TC.
Fem. clasped-Full Face, seated.
Horn_d cap-Dress, pleated. Flounces
to feet
Idem: 645:15191
2530: 31-16-907
mould: 7064: 16269.:
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Moul_d-red clay Fig. Nude fom. ni high relief. :
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Mr Jayne,I have the cast of the lapis cup. I think you were going to look at the other specimens again or speak to DR Legrain avout them; he thought them too fragile for casting.[?]Bruckner (hand written signature) see 1936 correspondence:
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Mr. Russell C. Leffingwell -2- 4/5/35became dueIn point of fact the larger portion of the fund was transferred in this manner at an average cost of $4/48. To these aggregate payments there must be added payments in dollars made by the University Museum directly toward certain portions of the publication of $2,759.61. At the present time there is due to the Oxford Press and the University Museum out of the fund a sum which is about equivalent to the amount which would have been saved had we followed Mr. Woolley's original suggestion indicated above instead of adopting the coarse which was adopted and to which I have referred. There has been considerable discussion as to the methods of taking care of this difference. Our Director thought that this could come out the sales of the first volume, as I understand usually occurs in such programs of expenditures under publication grants and I understand that there are funds actually in hand to cover this. Sir George Hill takes the postion that the University Museum should first make up the deficit indicated above so that the forthcoming volume may be financed on its own basis with the entire proceeds of sale from the first volume. It seems to have been impossible to reconcile these views or to reach an agreement upon this point, although it is quite possible that with Dr. Keppel's understanding mind and usual helpfulness in such matters it might be cleared up. if after he returns our director has another opportunity to go over the problem with him. There is quite a large folder of correspondence about the matter, all of which I can show you if you care to see it, and much of which Dr. Keppel himself has seen. So far as the University Museum is concerned it would be very willing to abide by Dr. Keppel's decision and I should think that since he has:
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Mr. Russell C. Leffingwell -3- 4/5/35been in a position to know the problem as it progressed you and your associates might care to wait until he returns before going into the matter. However, I am at your service and so also is Mr. Jenks, President of the Museum. We are too grateful to the corporation to allow it to be placed in any embarrassing position. Nor do we wish in any sense to shirk any responsibility which has grown out of the transaction. Mr. Woolley seems to have taken from the start a very positive stand and our relations with the British Musem are such that we are naturally anxious to find a solution of the problem which does not, however, involve our shouldering the whole loss. I have answered you quite frankly, not with the view of building up a case, but with the view merely of sketching the problem which, as I see it arose not from the motive of speculation, but rather from undue caution on our part in view of the uncertainties of exchange values at ta time when we had assumed a definite responsibility. With kind regards, believe meSincerely yours, President.:
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Mr. Russell C. Leffingwell, 23 Wall Street, New York, N.Y. April 5, 1935Dear Russell:Thank you very much for your letter concerning the complication which has arisen in connection with the generous grant of the Carnegie Corporation towards the publication of the results of the joint expedition of the British Museum and the University of Pennsylvania Museum to Mesopotamia. I have been familiar with this matter since its inception and can answer your inquiry with a certain amount of personal assurance. It is greatly to be regretted that an archaeological program of such importance which was so generously sponsored by the carnagie Corporation should involve any controversy over the application of funds, but such nevertheless seems to be the case despite every effort which Mr. Jayne, the Director of our Museum, has made to clarify the problem. Dr. Keppel is personally quite familiar with it, and if you are disposed to allow the situation to rest until he returns from New Zealand early in June, I am quite sure that his understanding will be illuminating to the members of the Corporation Board. There was a loss in the exchange although it did not arise from the motive of speculation, but rather because the University Museum, as disbursing agent, believed it proper to pay for contracts and commitments only as they matured rather than to transfer at one time the whole fund to Mr. Woolley for disbursement from London. It is quite true that Mr. Woolley suggested that we should make the transfer at one time when, as things have since developed, there was a particularly favorable rate of exchange, but this suggestion was made at a time when the pound was seriously dropping and our Director felt the safer course would be to follow the normal program and apply the fund as payments.:
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Mud statuette
Same head as Nebo but body
entirely nude. R. hand over left.
like the ushabti.
Palms or clubs in hand-
Papsukal.
*
Necklace? :
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Mud statuette
w. corn. FKP.
Below
pavet.
in
brick
boxes
[back side] Mud statuettes-In burnt brick boxes-close to Temenas wall, below surface, w.corner of KP-Time Sinbalatsu iqbi BC. 650. governor For Asurbanipal
Set upright in boxes made of 3 plane convex bricks.-Banged along wall of each room. open side facing toward middle Of the room. The lid was one of the pavet brick.
Packed w. frts of bones of small animals or birds-sacrifices to the guardian of the house, installed in sentry boxes below the floor
Fig.of unbaked clay, cast in moulds, and after drying, dipped in white lime, which blurs fine details of moulding; features & folds of dress were roughly painted in black with an occasional touch of red.
Lime coating nearly all falked away. They are split by crystallization.
-Also four below the floor of the Assyr. builds of Gi-par-ku
:
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Museum exhibits in a good perspective &increase their educational value;: I hope itwill be approved & will be a success.We are in the middle of the rush of thelast day's packing & arranging, so I'llnot write more, but you will perhaps havefrom Iraq more exciting news than thisrather domestic letter can give;!With best regardsYours sincerelyC Leonard Woolley:
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Museum registration numbers. The cylinder seals I have put in a separate list because in [??can't read the word, maybe their??] can there are a number of which I have no photographs & I hope that you will be able to supply them.Yours sincerelyLeonard Woolley:
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my account book with me) the exact prices of things, so have put down approximately only: but this won't matter.I have secured as general assistant - unpaid except for expenses - a very nice young fellow named Linnell who has just come down from Oxford & means to take up archaeology as a profession. That is a load off my mind.:
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My dear Gordon,Your letter of June 28th, which I have just received, is rather a shock to me, as you appear to regard as doubtful the question whether there should be an expedition to Ur in the coming season. When the scheme of joint work in Mesopotamia was proposed, I certainly understood that it was your wish and that of your supporters that a site should be chosen, and scientifically worked, which offered the prospect of a continuous campaign over several seasons. Of course I understood that no definite pledge could be given on either side, since the funds had to provided and could not be reckoned upon in advance. Still, I think it was your wish and expectation that in undertaking a large and important site such as Ur, we should be able to work at it for a series of seasons and make a good job of it.I don't suppose your own wish has changed, but I gather that you do not see your way clear towards raising the necessary funds. I trust this does not mean that your supporters are dissatisfied with the results achieved. I do not think they could have expected anything better than last season's yield, and I have no doubt that the share which each Museum will receive will be fully worth, in market value, the money spent, while from the point of view of science and art the discoveries are epoch-making.I am very sorry you are not coming over this year, as it is so much easier to arrange a plan of campaign in conversation/If:
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N.N.CF
Neo - Bab level
TC. Nude fem. stand_g, hold_g an infant to her breast.
Complete. :
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Neuilly S/Seine 3 rue de Chartres May 17th 25
Dear Dr. Gordon
I found here last week your letter of April 3rd. Many thanks for your points and the kind dispositions. I lingered on my way back and amply justified your suggestion for enjoying my six weeks vacation. I will cross the channel tomorrow May 18th and call in turn on all the authorities of the British Museum. Since your letter is only a copy of the one addressed to them, they are aware of your intentions, which fact will make it easier for me. I will show to the \"Epigraphists\" my copies of the inscriptions recovered during this campaign and discuss the question of publication. Whoever shall be Woolley's assistant in the next campaign, I feel exactly like you. I am ready to go if I am decided without my personal interference. It is a question of \"high politic\" between the two Museums, and makes life much more acceptable later on. I do not expect Woolley to need my assistance for his exhibition. In which case I am prepared to sail:
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NEW HALL, SMALL DOLE, HENFIELD, SUSSEX. --Tel. Henfield 147.partment, whose business it is, and I am sure that you will hear from him at once. If Imay speak of matters which off-icially don't concern me, I would say that here again there must have been a misunderstanding; it is so hard to secure the due collaboration at a distance. You may remember the old gibe \"The Earl of Chatham with his sword drawn Stood waiting for Sir Richard Strachan; Sir Richard, longing to be at 'em, Stood waiting for the Earl of Chatham.\" and I think you will find that the Department is as keen as you are yourself on getting out the volumes at hand.I hope that you will be over in this country before I start for Turkey; I should very much like to meet you here and discuss things. Yours very sincerely,Leonard Woolley [hand written signature]:
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NH198 CABLE.BASRA 23 4/115CA1928 JAN 4 AM 6 43ANTIQUE. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PHILADELPHIA (PENN). 33 & SPRUCETUMULUM SAXIS EXSTRUCTUM PATERICIA ARCATUM, INTEGRUM INVENI REFINAE SHUBAD VESTE GEMMATA CORONIS FLORIBUS REPUISQUE INTEXTIS DECORAE MONIPIBUS POCULIS AURI SUMPTUOSAE WOOLLEY.I found the intact tomb, stone built and vaulted over with bricks, of queen Shubad adorned with a dresswherein which gems flower crowns and animal figures are woven [indecipherable] and magnificent with jewels and golden cups:
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Ni.. (cat.321)
Ur - Diorite - wild boar - (31-18-11)
(VIII). AJ. oct. 1930 p. 333. Pl. XLI
Nippur - Leopard. paint_d. (cbs. 3500)
cat. no. 320.
Ur - Sow. Painted. TC. U. 2818 Ph. 421
" Flying bird U.15362 (31-16-741)
" Bison U. 15354 (31-16-742):
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night. This is the week of Bank Holidays and the city is very quiet and deserted. I may go South too and visit the coast and Devon before crossing to France. Wolley was interested to hear that the Museum has cleaned silver tubes from Ur, which may be the double pipes or flutes of Shubad's time. He promised to write to you about the question. The tubes are perforated at regular intervals. They are exhibited in the central side case facing the Franklin field. I wonder if there is not a photo of them made by Widdey, after cleaning. I read with interest all news from the States, and expect to find the \"Repeal\" in full-swing when coming home. If they knew what miss. I hope you survive the heat wave in the empty museum and look ahead to find every body rejuvenated after Labour day.Yours very sincerlyL. Legrain:
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NNCF
Neo. Bab level.
TC. Fem. nude, wide belt, nursing infant - Heavy face
Fr_t - hips up :
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NNCF upper level
TC. Fig. Head of bearded - man - crude work:
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No 820May 25th.My dear Miss McHugh,-I have just received your letter dated April 15th and hasten to assure you that I will do all in my power to aid Dr. W. [?Norman?] Brown on his arrival.It is good to have news of you. I hope by now your Ur exhibition is open and proving a great success.The dig has been such a remarkable [?feat?] and so much still remains to be done, that it would be a great disappointment:
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No. 215Department of Printed BooksBritish Museum,London, W.C.23rd[may be a different numeral, it is hard to read] Dec 1931.Sir,I beg to acknowledge with thanks the receipt of\"The Museum Journal\" Vols. XXI nos 1-4, XXII, 1-4which you have been so good as to present to the Trustees of the British Museum.I am,Sir,Your obedient Servant,W.A. MarsdenKeeperThe Director,Museum of the Universityof PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia:
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None:
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not ack'd [handwritten note at top left]URFebruary I. 1931Dear Mr. Jayne,I enclose my report for January and feel sure that you will bepleased at the results of our work; it was of course disappointing thatthe Royal tombs should have been plundered so thoroughly, but that wasto be expected, and the buildings were reward enough in themselves; thehouse site, on the other hand, has far exceeded our expectations inwhat it has yielded.I am sorry that my accounts for December should have made you ap-prehensive. I meant to make clear that the the increase in the total wasmore apparent than real, as I had included large sums which are normalin themselves but have generally been held over until later in the year:I do not think that you need fear any excess of expenditure over estim-ate; we are well within our limits at present, and I do not mean to gobeyond them.The season is now sufficiently well advanced for me to think of thefuture. I am writing to Dr. Hill to say that though we have done verywell I do not think that the character and bulk of our finds call fora special exhibition at the British Museum such as we have generally hadand that therefore I propose to drop that. Of course there will be workto be done on the objects before the division between the Museums, butthe abandonment of the exhibition will leave me much more free to get onwith perparations for publishing the predynastic cemetery, and I mean tospend the Spring and Summer on that. I foresee however that the workwill make advisable if not absolutely essential a visit to Philadelphiato go over some of the material there, and I hope to come over probably:
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not be verified. We are not giving up more than we covenanted to give, and are getting a very good share of the proceeds.I am seeing to the matters of the [?replica?] and the `loss`. Yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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not having been sent to you.I can well imagine the work this Ur material gives you. It must [must is underscored] come to an end one day, but one does wonder how many of us will still be here to see that day!With kind regards,Yours sincerely,Joan Joshua:
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not possible to put straight that which is permanently crooked, he asked what I meant and I couldn't explain.Again, many thanks and all good wishes. What do you think of \"The Royal Cemetery\" now it is out?Yours sincerely,Sidney Smith:
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NOT PURCHASED BY IMPORTERInvoice No. 84 issued in TRIPLICATE/QUADRUPLICATECertified(Date.)1 JAN 1925AMERICAN CONSULAR SERVICEATLONDONDate, 30th December/24Consigner, Dr. H.R. Hall.British Museum,London.Consignee, Dr. G.B. Gordon,University Museum,Philadelphia.Carrier, American Express co. Inc.(Vessel or Railroad.)Port of Shipment, London.Destination of goods, Philadelphia.Port of arrival, New York Philadelphia.Port of entry, \"Amount of invoice, £1002. 1. 8.Kind of goods, Excavated antiquities and casts.Form No. 139.âFor Great Britain.(Amended Dec., 1920.)Declaration of Manufacture, or Owner or Duly Authorized Agent of Either, Covering Goods Shipped Without Sale.I/ we H.R. Hall, Doctor of Letters, of the British Museum, London, do solemnly and truly declare that we are /I am the consignor /(Manufacturer or owner.) of the merchandise in the within invoice mentioned and described; that the said invoice is in all respects correct and true, and was made at London/(Name of place from which the merchandise is to be exported to the United States.)whence said merchandise is to be exported to the United States, that said invoice contains the actual market value or whole-sale price of the said merchandise at the date hereof in the principal market of Great Britain / (Name of country from whence exported.) that said actual market value is the price at which the merchandise described in the invoice is freely offered for sale to all purchasers in said markets, and that it is the price which I / we would have received, and was / were willing to receive, for such merchandise sole in the ordinary course of trade in the usual wholesale quantities, and that it includes all charges thereon and the actual quantity thereof, and that no different invoice of the merchandise mentioned in the said invoice has been or will be furnished to anyone. I / We further declare......I / We further declare that it is intended to make entry of said merchandise at the port of Philadelphia in the United States of America.Dated at the British Museum, London, this 30th day of December, 1924[Signature] H.R. HallKeeper of Egyptian & Assyrian Antiqs. Brit: Mus:The signature to a declaration made by an agent should show the name of the principal, the name of the agent, and an indication of the authority by virtue of which the agent acts.Form No. 140.Consular Certificate.(Date)......1 JAN 1925I do hereby certify that the invoice described in the indorsement hereof was this day produced to me by the signer of the annexed declaration.I do further certify that I am satisfied that the person making the declaration hereto annexed is the person he represents himself to be, and that the prices given in the invoice agree with the actual market value or wholesale price of the merchandise described in the said invoice in the principal markets of the country at the time of exportation, excepting as noted by me upon said invoice, or respecting which I shall make special communication to the proper authorities.I further certify....That a fee of $2.50 United States3gold, equal to 11/3 / (Local currency) has been paid by affixing stamps to the duplicate copy of this document.Witness my hand and seal of the office the day and year aforesaid.[signature] [?][Seal] Consul of the united States of America At London.... of the United States of America.1--1009:
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Note on Plate II. Apart from its importance as helping to date the stratum in which it occurred the seal-impression U. 13697(the larger fragment below, U 13678, is another impression from the same seal) has a peculiar historical interest. The text reads Mes-an-ni-pad-du lugal Kis-ki dam nu-gig; Mes-anni-padda therefore, familiar from the King-lists and from UR inscriptions as the first king of the First Dynasty of Ur is here called \"King of Kish\"; the elongatged for of some of the signs seems to suggest a northern or a Kish origin(Burrrows)It might be suggested that the motive of a man or demi-god taming savage animals, common on royal seals of early date, was adopted as a symbol of foreign conquest and that such a seal as this was cut to celebrate a victory. The smallest fragment has part of an inscription identified by a more perfect example found subsequently as Nin-tur-Nin(wife of Mes-anni-padda on the cylinder published in Ur Royal Inscriptions No. 268.:
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NOTE.Pa-Sag is identified, on the strength of a late bi-lingual text, with Isum, a Semitic male deity. Both the statues found in the chapel are feminine, and the inscriptions on the votive mace would seem to supply sufficient proof of the owner's identity. The text has two lines of which the second reads \"Pa-Sag\"; the first is scarcely legible but cannot greatly modify the meaning. I would suggest that Pa-Sag was a goddess and that the late identification with Isum is incorrect so far as sex is concerned, though the functions of the two deities may be parallel.:
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NOTES ON ACCOUNTS.Various bills for oil and for food purchased locally and in Baghdad are outstanding and will be included in the accounts for next month.On the wages and travelling expenses of the foremen there is a lose of exchange of nearly 705 thirty per cent.; this has been allowed for in the statement.The item of £11. 11. 3 for photographic work is really held over from last season, as is that of £1. 11. 0. for casts.:
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NOTES ON THE SEAL IMPRESSIONSBy E. Burrows S. J.As already reported a stratum which extended over the cemetery contain-ed seal-impressions dating from the Ist Dynasty. The few tablets fromthis stratum (SIS. 1) may also be assigned to the same period. SIS. 1gave up over 50 seal-impressions.Below this is another stratum (SIS. 2) which contained similar objects;a few tablets and some 40 seal-impressions. The subjects represented onthe latter do not differ much from those of SIS. 1. The writing on thefew tablets is hardly distinguishable from that on the tablets of SIS. 1 apart from a word of more archaic orthography. A seal-impression fromSIS.2 shews animals playing on instruments of music, such as are knownfrom the cemetery period.A few seal-impressions coming from below SIS. 2 are classed as SIS. 3.There is little change in their characters.But in SIS. 4, which lies right below the graves, a well-marked change is evident. The tablets from this stratum (about 40 so far studied) areof precisely the same type as those found last year low down in the rub-bish in which the graves were dug (a rough dating to the 37th century B.C. was suggested).SIS 4 is extremely abundant in seal-impressions. Wr have perhaps 400 from this stratum. The cylinders were generally large, and the immenseamount of detail work will need long study. Distinctively religious fig-ures hardly occur. Men are probably less frequent than animals. The well-known \"Gilgames\" figure does not, I think, occur. Gazelle and the like, and apparently the scorpion, are the most common; we have also coiledserpents, a monkey (?). asses, dogs, fishes, a pig (?), birds, some a-quatic animal, also bull, lion, but these are not particularly frequent:
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Nov 8, 1924 Ur JunctionDear Dr. Gordon,I have been so crowded the first few days here, that I delayed writing. I just received a clipping sent by Miss McHugh, that brings me back to the Museum at once. Dear business: a fine piece of advertising, for which I want to express my best thanks! I left Beyrouth to \"shoot across the desert by day and night in a Cadillac car with 5 people inside and all the luggage tied in the outside. One hour stop in Damascus for lunch. You know the desert by experience and I will not expatiate on it. It is really a unique impression of silent immense nothingness, with a wonderful display of colors, and just a thrill when you[page 2]realize how absolutely lost you may be in stoney sandy plains. Baghdad is not a dream, but a busy Eastern city striving for civilization and full of intrigues. All is mud and mud and mud. I received a most gracious welcome from our queen of Sheba: Miss G.B. I went two days ahead of Woolley and [?Limell?] and put up at the Maude Hotel, the only and very best of the lace. I duly called on Mayor Wilson and on the American consul and was well received. I saw the French consul. Everyone here seems to be infected with the archaeological disease. In a short time the antiquities dealers began to visit and pursue me right in my bed room, talking about Prof. Clay and Mr. Thureau Dangin, and P [?Dhorme?] among the last visitors and heavy buyers. But I have no funds and no inclinations to buy. The only things I wish to buy:
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Nov. 11. 1923.Dear Gordon,I found waiting for me in Baghdad a wire saying that you had written to me by air mail from Cairo, but the letter never turned up at the Eastern Bank, so I have nothing to answer. I hope that it was not very urgent.I was very sorry to miss you in Syria, and that only be a little, but of course it could not be helped. I had had a most pleasant holiday in Italy and had quite recovered from y illness, and am feeling up to any amount of work. Here things are beginning well. We have started on the ziggurat, and already have made a considerable impression on the talus, but of course it is heavy and slow work, and will not yield objects, except perhaps at the end. Tomorrow I start at Tell el Obeid. it has needed a lot of organisation, so I could not begin earlier; water supply, tents, guards etc. have to be arranged, and even then the men are none too eager to go out into the desert; I have had to employ extra guards and also to engage armed men to do part of the digging. I hope to be able before long to report good finds there.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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Nov. 15th. 25Dear Dr. Gordon,Despite all the troubles in Syria, I am here all right and passed across the desert without incidents. I landed in Beyrouth Saturday Oct. 31st and left Sunday afternoon Nov. 1st by the Eastern \transport over Homs, Palmyra, Kebeisa, Ramadi, and Bagdad. We were four day on the trip and spent the first night in Tripoli avoiding Damascus and the troubled area. The road along the northern coast is interesting cutting through tunnels along high rocks. Business is lively in every place. Commercial travelers, Swedes, Italian, Levantine trying to outdo each other. White Horse Scotch Whisky advertise in every hotel. Strange isn't it. The mountain track over the Lebanon from Tripoli to Palmyra or rather Homs is very rough, a litter of basalt and volcanic boulders that nobody takes trouble to clear from the way. We had a quiet passage. No armoured car, no soldiers. I stopped at Homs to buy pistachios in the bazaar and no one said a word - Of course you know Palmyra and the gorgeous:
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Nov. 29th. 1925.Dear Dr. Gordon I hope to arrive in time for Xmas or at least for New Year in true Scotch style. I thank you heartily for the kind thought and the \"saying it\" with music. I am looking forward at the Victrola and the thirty records and the Arab tunes. I am not sure that Woolley quite relish the idea. He is not found of music. I saw in your letter of Nov - 2nd that you had at that date not yet received my letter and ms. mailed from Roma Oct. 18th. I have written again from Bagdad as soon as I was through. My crossing the desert over Tripoli and Palmyra had no special difficulty - In Beyrouth they were exhibiting a selling a photograph of some forty men killed and exposed under guard on one public place of Damascus but I was assured that all was quiet and we had no armed guard with us all the:
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November 10, 1930My dear Sir Frederic:Dr. Legrain is just returned and tells me that, in the devision of the last season's finds at Ur, the silver bowl of the Persian period has fallen to our lot. He tells me further that those in charge of the Persian Exhibition at Burlington House in January and February 1931 are anxious to include this peace in the exhibition. Wherefore, could I trouble to give the proper directions that twill prevent packing it for shipment to us together with the other objects in our share, and insure its delivery in our name to the proper authorities of the Exhibition with mention that it is to be returned to us at the close of the Exhibition.I am sorry to trouble you in this matter but if you can handle it as I suggest, it seems to me that much effort on every side will be saved.May I, in view of the imminence of your retirement, express to you our keep appreciation of your attitude towards the welfare of the University Museum during our years of joint work in Iraq. Your wisdom, courtesy, and tact have throughout been so constant an aid in advancing cooperation between allied yet distant institutions that they will, I feel, long remain standard for all joint work which may in future be embarked upon.It was a pleasure to see you in Philadelphia and we were only sorry that the swiftness of your visit to this country did not permit of a longer stay here.Yours sincerelyHorace H. F. JayneDIRECTORSir Frederic Kenyon, DirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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November 13, 1935Dear Mr Jayne:-Some time ago I sent you the file of correspondence about Ur publications. With Mr. Jenks approval I am sending off in this mail a letter to Sir George, a copy of which I am enclosing. Mr. Jenks will, no doubt, have let you know of the efforts of the board to straighten out the financial tangles-- it has been hard slending but I think all will come out right in the end. I do hope that at the meeting on Friday the Board will take definite action on the more pressing needs and that the slate will be cleaned off, at least in part, by the time you reach home. I am sorry that Mr. Bache was embarrassed by the delay in getting off the November first remittance of $1,000. It was only on Tuesday, the fifth, that we were able to get the authorization through. The money was cabled by Drexel at noon on the 7th and at 3 o'clock on that day your cable reached the Museum; it was some satisfaction to us here that we had gotten off the funds before your urgent call came to us. If the board will authorize, on the 15th, the expenditure of the balance needed for Tepe Gawra we shall rush off another $2,000. by air mail so that Mr. Bache may have it before December 1st, and shall send on future instalements as planned. The Bulletin [underlined] is in the mail ans so are a few of the How-To-Make-It circulars, we are breathlessly awaitning returns and a goodly number should come along in another ten days. All is going on well at the Museum; the only calamity that has befallen us is the sudden invasion of five P.W.A. workers, chemists, technicians and a stenographer -- eleven more are to follow. Your Museum family is well and will be glad to welcome you home. With best regards to Mrs Jayne and yourself, Sincerly yours,:
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November 14, 1933WOOLLEY BRITISH MUSEUM LONDON CONSIDERABLY SURPRISED YOUR WORD CATASTROPHE PLEASE INFORM AMOUNT COMMITMENTS IN POUNDS TO DATE AND DELAY FUTURE COMMITMENTS UNTIL APPROVEDJAYNE:
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NOVEMBER 15, 1933JAYNE UNIVERISTY MUSEUM PHILADELPHIATOTAL COMMITMENTS TO DATE SIX NINE NINE SIX POUNDS FOR VOLUME STOP ALL COMMITMENTS HAVE TO BE AUTHORIZED BY HILL STOP BUT NO OTHERS CONTEMPLATED EXCEPT RUNNING OFFICE EXPENSES WOOLLEY:
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November 17, 1932Dr. Leon Legrain White Hall Bloomsbury Square London, W.C.lDear Dr. Legrain:-Thank you very much for your letter of October 30th which amused us all very much with its comments on the strange working of the B.M These supplemented Miss Baker's earlier reports which did not, however, display so much patience and acceptance of British customs as yours.I did not wish to pin you down at all to a date for your return, it was only that we had so many enquiries about your plans that I though if you had fixed upon a time it would comfort your many well wishers to hear of it. I can see, however, that your tasks are by no means small and will occupy you very fully for several months ahead. I do not interpret the grant of the Carnegie Foundation towards the publication of the Ur results as excluding the publication of texts. If these are issued in small editions and not too expensively they pay for themselves pretty rapidly as vie the Royal Inscriptions of which the edition is exhausted. When you have a volume ready I am all prepared to take up the question with Woolley and push it to a satisfactory conclusion. After all he cannot spend all the $25,000 on the volumes of the Royal Tombs and much as I like to have the cash on deposit to make more beautiful our financial statements, if you have an Ur text ready for publication it will be far more to our credit to bring it out rapidly.We have just had Glanville here with us. He lectured last Saturday very charmingly. You will probably see him before you leave. Please give my kind regards to Messrs. Smith and Gadd and if you see Lawrence Binyon give him my best.All things at the Museum are going forward satisfactorily and everybody senes you many messages and we all miss you and look forward keenly to the time of your return.Yours always sincerely Horace H. F. Jayne Director:
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November 2, 1925My dear Woolley:Dr. Legrain left here on the first of October with the intention of sailing from Brindisi on the nineteenth and arriving at Beyrout on the thirtieth. We have not heard from him since he left and the only information that we have of travelling conditions in Syria is what we get from newspaper reports and those, during the last few days, have indicated a state of affairs which might make travelling impossible. I have not much doubt, however, that Dr. Legrain will be able to reach Baghdad in one way or another. I heard sometime ago that there was a plan to run a transport from Haifa and Jerusalem across the desert to Baghdad. That, of course, would be comparatively safe at this time and I am proceeding on the assumption that Dr. Legrain will be in Baghdad to meet you at about the time agreed upon. Today we have despatched a box about the size of a large trunk consigned to you at Basra. It has been shipped through Pitt and Scott, forwarding agents, who inform me that their agents in Basra will receive the box upon its arrival at that port and forward it to you. I have given them explicit directions about sending it to Ur Junction. I would suggest that it might be well for you to be in touch with someone in Basra who may be on the lookout for the arrival of this box and avoid delays in its ultimate delivery to you. It is being shipped via Liverpool and I presume will be placed upon a ship going direct from London or Liverpool to Basra, or it may be transshipped at Bombay which I suppose is the usual proceeding. I do not know how long the box may take in reaching you. It is our wish that it should be in your hands not later than Christmas since it is our Christmas present to the Expedition and contains some articles which might help to pass the time in camp pleasantly. The consignment consists of a Victor talking:
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November 20, 1948Dear Sir Leonard: I have yours of November 7th and wish to say that it seems to me that your idea of listing the price on Legrain's volume on Cylinder Seals at [pound symbol] 3, s12 is certainly satisfactory with me if you think traffic will bear that price. In other words, I am sure we see eye to eye on the idea of raising as much money as possible on that volume in order to finance subsequent volumes and I think I can promise you that our Board of Trustees will approve that price since you obviously believe the copies will sell. I should imagine that this price is a result of your conversations with the Oxford Press who must have considerable knowlege regarding distribution of this kind of publication. I was very much interested to learn of your work in Turkey and most curious about your job of excavationg fifteen feet below water level. That sounds like quite an engineering feat. Our men should be arriving in Turkey in another week or two but I have no idea just where they will undertake the reconnaissance. I shall certainly advise them if at all possible to look in on you at Hatay. The other expedition has now arrived Nippur but I have received no letter regarding the condition of the site and the general situation there.Very best wishes,Froelich RaineyDirectorSir Leonard WoolleyP. K. 20. ANTAKYAHatay; Turkey.FR:GS file Ur Publication:
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November 23, 1922Dear Sir Frederic:I have your letter of November 6th enclosing a letter for Mr. Alfred Hunter which I have forwarded to him. I have not seen him since his arrival in this country but have had a telephone message informing me that he was taking his brother to a private hospital in a suburb of Philadelphia where he will be well cared for.I thank you for passing on Mr. Woolley's cable from Basra and also for your efforts to secure another assistant. I feel that we have rather fallen down on this matter and we will be grateful if you can appoint some one on our behalf. If we should be continuing the work next year we would be in favour of sending some one from here, but only on condition that we had a man upon whom we knew we could rely.I have just received a letter from Fisher who is at work for us in Egypt and who reports that after the present season a new antiquity law is to take effect in Egypt. According to this new law, excavators will no longer be entitled to one half of finds. The Museum will take whatever it seems fit to take. I would be glad if you would advise me what you know of this new law and how you think it is going to affect the interests of institutions making excavations in Egypt.With best regards, I remain Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC G. KENYON, DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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November 23, 1925My dear Kenyon:I have received your letter of November 6 and I am glad to know that all the objects included in your last exhibition from Ur are on the way or are being prepared for shipment. I have no doubt that Woolley and his party have arrived at Ur long before this. Although the desert route through Damascus would be closed to them, I understand that another route has been opened through Transjordania, by which they could travel, to that I do not think there would be any occasion for delay. I have no report from either Woolley or Hall on the progress of the volume on Tell el Obeid. I agree with you that it is desirable to issue this volume as soon as possible and I shall be very glad to know what your thoughts may be about the best plan of publication. We have now received the following from the British Museum after the departure of Mr. Woolley. A package of photographs made by the last Expedition at Ur. Some of these photographs have labels written on the back together with numbers. Others have nothing but numbers. Of course, I am unable to give designations to these photographs and I would be very much obliged to you if you would pass on to Mr. Hall on my behalf a request for a list of the photographs that he sent. We have received also a package containing plans and drawings to the number of seventeen. Of these we have received a list.We have also received a package containing:
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November 24, 1931Dear Mr. Keppel:-Thank you very much for your letter of November 19th. So long as we know that the grant of $10,000 isn't absolutely all that we may receive from the Corporation for the Ur publication we can go forward with our plans. we are really most grateful.In these times the Corporation must be almost overwhelmed with applications for assistance, and it has cheered me immensely to feel that we were selected to benefit through a grant of such generous proportions. Will you let me know in due course if and when further documents should be presented next autumn?Yours sincerely,Horace H. F. JayneDIRECTOR:
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November 29, 1926 My dear Kenyon: I am returning the title page of the Al'Ubaid volume on which I have placed my initials. I think it will look very well and I have no changes to suggest. I think that the only point that we have not definitely decided upon is the size of the edition, and also the price at which the volume will be sold. Very sincerely yours SIR FREDERIC KENYON Director The British Museum London, England:
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November 3, 1937Director of AntiquitiesBaghdad, Iraq.Dear Sir:-In response to your letter1978 dated October 13th you have the per-mission of this Museum to use any materialat all pertinent to the Ur Excavations inthe preparation of your proposed handbook.I presume that since thepapers in the Antiquaries Journal wereprepared by Sir Leonard Woolley you willhave received permission also from him, our granting permission extending only tomaterial over which we have jurisdiction.I feel the idea of the guideis an excellent one and trust we may receive a copy upon publication.Cordially yours, Horace H. F. JayneDIRECTOR.:
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November 4, 1922Dear Mr. Woolley:Your note has been received, forwarded by Mr. Joyce and addressed to the Editor of the MUSEUM JOURNAL, referring to an instrument for measuring pottery and architectural details which is manufactured by Messrs. Norton & Gregory of London. Your memorandum will be kept on file and the information passed on to those in the Museum who are interested.I now write to you with particular reference to the name which should be given to the Expedition of which you are the Director. I notice that your letter is signed, Director of the joint British Museum and Philadelphia Expedition to Mesopotamia.The Philadelphia Museum is another Institution altogether and has nothing to do with this Expedition and neither hss Philadelphia as a city anything to do with the Expedition. I do not see how a title can be corrected adopted without giving the full name of the Museum and I therefore would indicate to the following.JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM OF PHILADELPHIA TO MESOPOTAMIA.The address of the University Museum for all letters and communications which you may have to send is simply as follows. THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM, PHILADELPHIA. In case you wish to be more explicit, 33rd and Spruce Streets, is a complete address.You will notice a cable address on this letterhead.I recall one matter of obvious convenience and necessity which I think was clearly un-:
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November 4, 1922Dear Sir Frederic:I am enclosing a letter that I have addressed to Mr. Woolley and I will ask you to be good enough to forward it to him after you have read it.I am sorry if I appear to be putting an undue share of responsibility upon you and the British Museum, but this is a matter which is determined by conditions. We are absolutely without information here about the situation in Mesopotamia, whereas you will be in contact with the Offices of the Government. I feel, therefore, that it is necessary for Mr. Woolley to be in a position to get a prompt decision from you in case of an emergency. I hope you will agree that in case of such an emergency, you are not expected to consult with us before giving a decision regarding the conduct of the expedition.Very faithfully yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirector of the British MuseumLondon, England:
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NOVEMBER 9, 1933DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY MUSEUM PHILADELPHIAYOUR CABLE NOVEMBER EIGHT STOP YOUR DECISION TO HAVE BILLS SEND AND PAY DIRECT INVITES CATASTROPHE IF DOLLAR FALLS LOWER STOP SHALL OF COURSE SUBMIT DETAILED ACCOUNTS.WOOLLEY:
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now. I think that the Middle East especially is in the public mind.The new wing of the building will be finished some time during the spring or summer when we will have to begin the installation of the Egyptian collections. we will also provide space for the installation of the collections from Ur when the time comes for the opening of the new wing in autumn. We wish to make the Ur exhibit as interesting as possible and to play it up for the public interest.Wishing you every success, I remain with my best regardsVery sincerely yoursDirectorMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYc/o The Eastern BankBasra, Iraq:
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Nud e fem. Type III. C.G
A-head only
B-complete except head. h.105
C-From hands up:
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Nude Clasp_d Fem. :
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Nude fam. w. object at rt. h.
Fr_t moulded - Yellow clay:
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Nude Fem - Elaborat hair dr. Head & torso only.:
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Nude Fem Fig. Feet broken. Drab clay. mould_d:
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Nude fem tympanon player- broken
Lower body: navel, pubes- Double belt. Knee caps- Large hips
Feet broken! Found w. 1728:
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Nude fem w. tambourine:
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Nude Fem, Full Face stand_g h. clasp_d Enrrust_d:
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Nude fem. + neckl. Feet broken off. Mould_d-Red brown:
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Nude Fem. clasp_d:
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Nude Fem. clasp_d Double neckl. Hair done up in knot at sides Drab. Broken below knees:
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Nude Fem. clasp_d Feet lost. :
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Nude Fem. clasp_d Head & Feet miss_g. Neckl. waist bangles. Between breasts a rosette on either side a vertical post(?) decorated at intervals w. a rosette. :
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Nude Fem. clasp_d Head & torso only
[cf.2872-3]:
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Nude Fem. clasp_d over breast (prayer?) Head & feet miss_g:
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Nude fem. clasp_d. Broken at Knees. :
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Nude Fem. clasp_g breasts. Thick hair down in clusters on sh. :
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Nude Fem. Feet broken off Red. mould_d:
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Nude fem. fig - Head broken.
[restored]
Idem
16439: 31-43-376
:31-16-785
:31-16-796
1352: 31-16-852
:14998:
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Nude Fem. Fig. Broken below waist. Red brown. mould_d:
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Nude Fem. fig. Fr_ts Type III c.X
Head & feet missing:
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Nude fem. fig. Type III c.X. (as 1)
Complete fair condition:
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Nude Fem. Fillet(?) round foreh. clasp_d-High relief-Broken below knees Back unmodel_d overlap w. jagged edges. :
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Nude Fem. Full Face, h. clasp_d? unusualy fat face. Heavy hair. only head & breasts preser_d:
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Nude Fem. grasp_g pot against her breast in both hands-Hair on sh. Feet miss_g:
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Nude fem. h. clasp_d below br. coarse:
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Nude fem. h. clasp_d below breasts
Broken at hips.:
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Nude Fem. h. to breasts Bead neckl. Big earr prominent features Pubes doted Lower legs miss_g Feet preser_d:
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Nude Fem. Hands clasp_d Hand & torso only:
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Nude fem. hands to breasts
Pink paint traces on forehead
between breasts, & in lines on body:
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Nude Fem. Head & feet broken. Drab. Mould_d:
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Nude fem. Head miss_g one h. on each breast High relief-:
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Nude fem. high relief. wig. neckl. Bangles. Supporting a pot against abdom in l. h. - Right arm hanging (holding..?.):
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Nude fem. Left arm rais_d Broken below knees-Red. drab. mould_d:
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Nude Fem. left h. raised. Broken below knees. light red. mould_d:
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Nude fem. low relief. Rt. arm to breast-L. hand uplifted. :
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Nude Fem. mould_d Red Clay:
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Nude Fem. Neckl. Hair elaborat_y dr. :
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Nude fem. stand_g Full Face, h clasp_d 2 heads struck from the same mould have been attached to one body very clumsily. Doubtful authenticity. :
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Nude fem. suckling child
Drab - Legs miss_g:
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Nude Fem. Type III C.M Head & feet miss_g:
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Nude fem. Type III C.S.
A. broken at hips.
B - " waist:
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Nude Fem. Type III. C. KK.
A. Broken at knees poor
B. " thighs ":
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Nude Fem. Type. III. c.t complete but poor.:
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Nude fem. Type. V.I Broken at thighs. Poor :
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Nude fem. Unusual_y large. Good style.
Fr_t- navel to knees.:
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Nude fem. upright-Feet broken Drab:
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Nude Fem. w h. clasp_d below br. Rather like typpe III c.x. :
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nude fem. w h. clasp_d below br. Broken below arms:
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Nude Fem. w. belt. Broken below knees Drab. mould_d:
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Nude fem. w. h. clasp_d at br.
Broken at thighs. :
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Nude fem. Waist up. only Drab clay mould_d:
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Nude god. Beard. Horn_d headdress-suppot_g
against the breast in the r.h. a short
curved club. and in the l. a bird:
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Nude God_ss stand_g on lion. Type XII. I. Lion complete- only feet of god_ss left :
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Nude god_ss surround_d by stars
clasp_d Stars. Birds. Crest:
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Nude man - Rope belt
Holds weapons
bird - fishes:
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Nude man stand_g, hold_g cup? to his breast:
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Nude votaress-necklace-clasp_d:
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Nude votaress-necklace-clasp_d.:
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Nude woman standing w. clasped hands the left above the right wrist- covered with jewels.
V. shaped beaded apron covers pubes. :
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Nude woman, bejeweled& clasped hands standing on a small base.
[backside] Hair parted, waved, framing face, drawn back over ears, head w a band adorned w. 2 high bow-like comb-or spreading horn like at the back. Well model_d ears w. small circular earrings.
3 strings of beads in tiers-Big central bead-Double bracelet-Triple belt&small beaded apron(or pubes)-below navel. Slim young body. Round breasts Round face. Ringlets below band on forehead. :
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Nude woman, h. clasp_d Broken at knees:
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Nude woman, standing, clasped, bejewelled Head with pinched nose, pellet eyes - missing - Head dress & mass of hair added - missing - Necklace, dog collar added. Pectoral hanging from chains still visible on back
The dog necklace is a dotted band of clay. Below it, the large band marked with dots. :
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Nude, hierodule, holding a tambourine. Bejewelled belt, leaving sex exposed. Light beaded garment covers breasts, shoulders, arms. Two bracelets on each wrist. :
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Nude. Fem, h. over breast hair flowing down. over sh:
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Nude. Fem. fig. wearing wig-Hands clasped.-Two large strings of beads round-neck.:
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Nude. Fem. Type III C. 2
A: Complete. 31-43-476. to knees 105mm
B: " h. 120
C: " to knees: h. 105
D: " ankles: 110
E: " 145
F: Broken at hips 65:
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Number 2 at top center of page back and a buttressed wall of later date, probably Kassite, runs to the NE, masking the older wall which it was intended to re-inforce; above the burnt brick rises a mass of mud brickwork which apparently goes right back to the encircling wall of the great Nannar courtyard. The working out of the successive levels and the depth of our main objectives mean that progress is necessarily slow; but we are getting more in the way of consecutive history than had before seemed likely, and I hope that we may be able to trace that defensive line of the older Temenos as to whose existence no evidence at all had been found heretofore.Work at the east corner of the Ziggurat is described in the article for the Press which I enclose herewith. We have been able to connect up with last winter's results and shall have an almost complete plan of the Ziggurat terraces of the First Dynasty and of the \"Archaic II\" period which I place at about 3600 B.C. The lay-out of these buildings proves that the earlier ziggurats were concentric with that of Ur-Engur. The First Dynasty temple is very badly destroyed, especially at the east corner; our work is now extending along the SW face of the Ziggurat and I hope that there better-preserved remains may be found, but in any case the ground-plans can be recovered and are most interesting; in the parts already dug the walls are seldom standing more than an inch above the floors and are often weathered down below them. Below the drift sand which has filled the torrent-bed running diagonally across the site, there is a solid packing of mud brick; the upper part of this belongs to the floor of Ur-Engur's platform, into which project mud-brick walls of the First Dynasty and of an intermediate period, while below the mud-brick walls of \"Archaic II\" are covered and the spaces between them filled with a mud-:
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Number 2 at top of page.the foot of the upper terrace built a row of store-houses. After his time the ground-level outside the Temenos rose rapidly and although later Kassite rulers repaired Kuri-Galzu's work the lower parts of it were buried and houses were built against the wall virtually at terrace level; finally Nebuchadnezzar, seeing that the old distinction was obliterated, abandoned the original design and built his Temenos wall to a new plan and could only reproduce the earlier conditions by an artificial raising of the level inside.[pencilled-in bracket precedes first word of this paragraph]For much of its length we have excavated the wall front down to Third Dynasty level; as this was very heavy and unremunerative work we have elsewhere contented ourselves with tapping it at intervals, but the plan is complete from corner to corner; the excavation of the NE and SW sides has been postponed for the time being.[pencilled-in bracket follows last word of this paragraph.]To the SE of the Ziggurat work is still in progress and a great deal more of the First Dynasty building has come to light since the writing of my last report. Here again work has proved unexpectedly heavy as it has involved the removal of much of the temples of Nin-Gal built by Kuri-Galzu, Sin-balatsu-iqbi and Nabonidus, and the excavation of the great well in the temple courtyard. The limits of the building have now been discovered to the NE and SE, and we are rapidly approaching the SW wall whose position is already known to us from the excavations of last year; outside it on the SE we have found the [word crossed out here] mud-brick wall with sloped and buttressed face with which Ur-Engur surrounded his Ziggurat platform and built against and over this the burnt-brick terrace-wall of the Larsa king Warad-Sin, each with its door of entry leading to the platform; we have therefore most important additions to make to the Temenos plans of:
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Number 3 at top of page.these two periods.The well-head in the court of the Neo-Babylonian temple was built by Sin-balatsu-iqbi, whose brickwork went down to the pavement of the templ[sic] of Kuri-Galzu; below this level it was found that the burnt brick shaft, lines[sic] with cement, had been constructed in the middle of a very large circular [word crossed out, and word pit typed in above] cut down through all the early buildings; the [word crossed out and word pit typed in above] was filled with a solid packing of mud brick, seven metres thick and resting on a rough foundation of burnt brick; down to this point the well-shaft was regularly constructed with bricks of Kuri-[word crossed out and Galzu typed in above]. Where the brick packing of the pit gave place to a clean earth filling the masonry also changed and was that of Ur-Engur, to whom the original construction of the well was due--that this was so is shewn by the fact that the pit cuts through the wall and floor of the First Dynasty temple. Just above where the Kassite brickwork began there were in the NE and SW sides of the well shaft two cement-lined recesses, one above the other, open to the shaft and closed with bricks at their outer ends; in each of these four recesses we found two circular convex clay tablets inscribed on both sides. It was natural to suppose that these were the dedication-tablets of Kuri-Galzu, in whose brickwork they were, but actually [word crossed out here] they are those of Sin-balatsu-iqbi; that the holes are original is certain and the authorship of the brickwork is beyond doubt; one can only conclude that the Assyrian governor when he repaired the well removed the memorials of the earlier king and substituted his own.South-east of the well, embedded in the mud-brick of Ur-Engur's terrace, there is a four-compartment cistern built in burnt brick and bitumen by the Third Dynasty ruler. The mud-brick packing does not extend over the:
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number 3 at top of pagebrick filling which is the foundation for the floors of \"Archaic I\"; the distinguishing of the very similar materials is most difficult and can only be done by our foremen and a few very experienced pick-men; that [word crossed out] they should succeed at all is much to their credit.A few details of Third Dynasty and Neo-Babylonian work have been found which help to complete the Ziggurat plans of those periods. The battered remains of a life-size diorite head in the Gudea style, found in the top level, was more tantalising than satisfactory; no other important objects have been found here. On the other site the most interesting object was the \"proto-Arab\" inscription described in my article; apart from that late tombs have yielded beads, seals and glazed pottery. One diorite door-socket of Gimil-Sin, some brick inscriptions important for dating walls but with known texts, and two or three tablets are the sum of inscriptional material discovered, so that the lack of an epigraphist on the staff has not proved serious; indeed, the identification of royal names and the comparing of brick inscriptions with those already published is quite satisfactorily done by our second foreman, Yahia.I regret that owing to weather conditions out-of-door photography has had to be postponed, and views of what has been discovered to date must be sent to you later.Work on the two sites already in hand will probably occupy us during February.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,CLeonardWoolley [script signature]:
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Number 4 at top of page.whole Ziggurat terrace and seems to be not a floor but the foundation of a building which stood at exactly the same level as that of Kuri-Galzu and has been razed to make room for that later temple; its complete disappearance would explain Kuri-Galzu's unusual claim to have founded, and not to have restored, the temple of Nin-Gal: this being so we have an unbroken tradition for the existence of such a temple on this site from the First Dynasty to Neo-Babylonian times.[pencilled bracket precedes this paragraph]In clearing down to the archaic levels we found in the main doorway of the Kassite temple an inscribed door-socket of Ur-Engur, re-used; under the Third Dynast mud-brick packing a fragment of a stone vase with a complete short inscription of Rimush and another with an incomplete inscription of an unknown king Ur(?)-d[superscript]-Pa-bil-sag[superscript asterisk in text]. But the best discovery was [asterisk precedes following paragraph] Note. For the latter, and for the reading of the Sin-balatsu-iqbi tablets, I am indebted[word omit pencilled above the word indebted] to Dr. W. Erlers, of the Warka Expedition.made when removing the brick pavement of Kuri-Galzu's building, for in its foundations we found a large fragment of the stela of Ur-Engur. The fragment, which seems to belong to the bottom register of the monument, shews the king (the head and one arm preserved) coming before the god, a seated figure on a [word crossed out and the word raised typed in above] base, only the feet and part of the skirt remaining, and two priests, one of whom has a fly-whisk and the other a folded cloth. The carving when found was defaced with bitumen and the surface of the stone has suffered in places, but the general condition is good and the value of the pieceis[sic] very great especially in view of its connection with the other fragments of the stela found in previous years.[pencilled-in bracket follows last word of this paragraph.]In the south court of the First Dynasty building we have found a brick:
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Number 5 at top of page.and bitumen drain which passes through the outer wall under a stone roof and empties into a catchment from which a new drain continues at a lower level; it is a rather elaborate and quite interesting construction. To the south-east of the range of six chambers with solid brick floors described in my last report there has come to light another complete building. An entry-passage through the ten-metre thick terrace wall leads into an entrance-chamber off which opens a long narrow room which judging from the quantities of clay missiles found in it was a guard-room; from the entrancechamber[sic] a door opens in to a large courtyard at present only partly excavated, but it probably extaneds[sic] to the SW edge of the terrace. Fronting on this court is a building composed of a central court surrounded by [there appear to be words missing here, as the sentence makes no sense] of which the the two at the back, facing the entrance, are clearly the most important; both are entirely taken up by large furnaces, one circular and one square. This presents a close analogy with the building unearthed last season on the other side of the Ziggurat terrace, identified by later inscriptions as the cooking-place for the food of Nannar; the consistent tradition on this site of Nin-Gal worship should indicate that we have here the cookin-place[sic] for the food of the goddess. Fragments of mural inlay including a (headless) figure of a man rowing a boat and the wig and beard, carved in steatite, of a figure nearly a third of life size.[sic] shew that the temple was richly decorated, but its walls are standing only fifty centimetres high and the wealth of the place has disappeared. It is impossible this season to push our researches further and to trace out the walls of the Second Archaic level, but we shall have as a result of the two years' work on the site a complete plan of the buildings surrounding the First Dynasty ziggurat. No plan of the sort has been obtained elsewhere.:
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Number 6 at top of page.[pencilled in bracket precedes this paragraph]Last autumn Dr. Legrain, who is preparing for publication the archaic seal impressions, told me that it was most desirable to add to their number. In the middle of the month therefore I started work at the level and in the neighbourhood of the royal tombs where the seal-impression strata lay at the surface. A few days sufficed to produce a large quantity of seal impressions, some of them very fine, and about a dozen inscribed tablets dating between Jemdet Nasr and Farah. As the Jemdet Nasr culture has been but scantily represented in our excavations and affords one of the chief problems of the pre-history of the country I decided to continue work on the site and clear as many graves of the period as possible; this meant heavy work as the graves lie at five and six metres below the royal cemetery. In the limited area at our disposal we have recorded about 130 graves of which the latest belong to the \"Reserved slip\" period practically contemporary with the graves at al 'Ubaid, the second series contains pottery types which at Ur, Kish and Warka occur in well stratified conditions immediately above Jemdet Nasr, and the lowest were of the Jemdet Nasr age proper. We secured over a hundred stone vessels, one intact example of the characteristic 3-colour Jemdet Nasr clay vases, three with designs in light red [word crossed out] paint on a buff ground, and some with simple incised decoration; of the stone vases one cup was decorated with a flower carved in relief, one with cattle in relief; the latter, though not of fine workmanship, is particularly important as serving to date other know[sic] examples. Two stamp seals and one cylinder seal, beads of carnelian, shel[sic] and lapis lazuli and a few copper objects also came from the graves: but perhaps the most important result was the securing of a number of skulls, some in very good condition; only one fragmentary skull of the period was:
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Number 7 at top of page.on record hitherto, and our collection may go far towards clearing up a very vexed racial question. The Jemdet Nasr graves lay in rubbish containing quantities of al 'Ubaid potsherds of the later type and rested on or were dug into the surface of the now habitual bed of silt which we must connect with the flood; we have dug through this into the lower occupation-strata in which the pottery is exclusively al 'Ubaid (we got here one complete painted cup, fragments of figurines and an interesting bead of carved baked clay) and are approaching sea level and virgin soil this shaft will substantiate in a most useful way the conclusions based on the stratification of the \"Flood-pit\" dug three seasons ago.[pencilled bracket follows last word of above paragraph]This will be my last report on field work for the season; Dr. Jordan has fixed March 8 for the division of objects, and, owing partly to the larger amount of baksheesh which has of late been necessary, my funds do not allow of my continuing the season beyond the bare three months originally envisaged; I propose to close down at the end of this week. [pencilled in bracket precedes following sentence] It has been a short season but, I think, an eminently successful one, for in each of our objectives we have had results better than I had ventured to hope for, and the work in the deep shaft, which was not part of the regular programme, has proved most remunerative both in its upper and in its lower levels. [pencilled bracket follows end of previous sentence.]Trusting therefore that you will be satisfied with my report I have the honour to remain, Sir, Your very obedient Servant,CLeonardWoolley [script signature]:
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Numeral 1 handwritten at top of page. Emblem for National Schedule for Disabled Men on left top.BRITISH MUSEUM,London: W.C.I.August 14. [1928 pencilled in]Dear Legrain,--Many thanks for your letter: it is good to know that you are on your way here. The matter of the division seems to be in rather a muddle. Kenyon wrote to Miss Mettugh[? check spelling] on July 13th asking if it would be agreeable to your Museum if the division were postponed until after next year's dig, as then the cemetery would be finished and it might then be possible to divide without separating tomb groups (an idea inspired by W.): but that if your Museum desired a division at once:
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Numeral 2 circled at top center of pagein different vessels before being mounted and fixed with green putty.âb) [phrase underlined]Basement of the British Museum Casts were made of the bull's stone, shell and copper friezes, and of the dairy scene; or the more damaged portions of the bull frieze was restored and completed with painted plasterâc) [phrase underlined]Photographical departmentâSome of the best pieces: frieze of passing bulls, dairy scene, being photographedâd) [phrase underlined]Second story room opposite the curator's offices: a number of unclassed terra cotta reliefs, seals, shell and stone small pieces.On [word underlined]Exhibition in the lower room (Balawat Bronze Gates)[sketch of layout of exhibition]Aâ2 Bull's Friezesâstone shell, copper frameâand dairy sceneBâOther damaged portion of the bull stone[word inserted above text] frieze. And a bull copper reliefCâFull boss[word inserted above text] relief reconstructed copper bullDâEmbossed copper bull with head in boss[word inserted above text] relief, and other heads from a frieze in a copper frame, and mosaic flowersEâTwo sections or drums of the mosaic columns, and the best stone, and terra cotta vessels painted or not. Also some mosaic flowers.Numeral three, circled, written at bottom of page.:
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numeral 2 circled at top of pageThackeray HotelOpposite the British MuseumGreat Russell StreetLONDON, W.C.1.TELEGRAMS: THACKERAY, LONDONTELEPHONES: MUSEUM 1230 - 1231tablets, the 1rst Dyn. and Larsa tablets await the proper scholar who will study and publish them. So any American scholar qualified for that particular work will have a chance.No tablet has so far been assigned to any museum, that will take place after publication. 50% of the good ones published are on principle to go back to Baghdad as property of the Iraq Museum.Besides the authority of the British Museum, from the Director Dr. Hill, to the Keeper of the Department:
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numeral 2 typed at top center of pagethe walls of a yet earlier building which it replaced; here we are tracking back the history of what was the most sacred spot in the city to [word xed out and illegible] before the time when king Ur-Engur in about 2300 B.C. built the tower whose ruins stand today, and find that its traditions were even then rooted in a distant past, that the great tower covered and replaced older editions of itself. The temple of 3000 B.C. with its [word thick xed out, word heavy typed above] walls, its pavements of burnt brick and bitumen fifteen courses thick, its circular brick bases perhaps for altars and the brick causeway across its courtyard, is new to us in type and when fully excavated will be one of the most important buildings of its period yet discovered.[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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Numeral 2 written at top of page. Emblem for National Scheme for Disabled Men at top left.BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.I.August 20th [1928 pencilled in]My dear Legrain,--Very many thanks for your letter dated August 17th: we shall be very glad to see you here. As Hall is away at the moment and will not return to duty till after the Congress, and Gadd does not return till at least a week, and perhaps more, after that, the best date I think to start the division would be September 17th or later. It will I fear prove a long and tedious business and I hope:
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Numeral 3 circled at top center of pageTHE UNIVERSITY MUSEUMPHILADELPHIAFâthe inscribed historical documents: bricks, barrels, door sockets or alabaster plaques. One missing fragment of the famous Nabuna'id barrel preserved for years in the British Museum has been recovered last year and inserted in the original barrel.G1[numeral 1 is superscript]âThe best document from Tell El-Obeid: Gold scarab, diorite foundation tablet, inscription on a vase fragment, lime stone plaque showing eagle on the back of a human headed bull, bronze dagger with lapis lazuli head, and other small monuments in shell, stone, and metal.G2[numeral2 is superscript]âStone and metal small objects, among which a fine fragment of a diorite head (Gudea period)H1[numeral 1 is superscript]âThe best terra cottas[sic] reliefsH2[numeral 2 is superscript]âThe best gold and semiprecious stone jewels and necklaces.IâPlans, sections, elevations of the Ur ziggurat.Kâ[ditto marks under plans, sections, elevations] and water colour reconstruction of the Tel El-Obeid temple,âterrace, gate, and staircase with porch, columns, lions, and bull friezes.[what looks like an ampersand handwritten in center of page]Division of the materialâI mentioned your intentions to Mr. Woolley, but as head of the Joint Expedition, Mr. Woolley thought that the division was not incumbent to himâMr. Hall listened to the request, but leaving for his vacations the next few days, he referred me to Mr. S. Smith. Mr. S. Smith thought the proper man to do the division would be Mr. Gadd, who had been on the field and knew the material.:
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Numeral 4 handwritten in center top of pageMr. Gadd being on his vacation, I was advised to come back the following week, when he would return. This is what I did, visiting in the mean time friends in Belgium.The following week, I met Mr. S. Smith and Gadd. Mr. Smith, who had talked it over with Mr. Hall, suggested that certain important pieces like the reconstructed full relief [word bronze crossed out, and the word copper written in above] bull, the flat embossed relief copper bull, should be left out of the actual division, as some correspondence was going on the subject between the two museums.Besides, Mr. Woolley's opinion was that so far as the British Museum has spent time and money on the reconstruction of the bronze bull, this sample ought to remain [word to crossed out] in the British Museum, while a second copy[underlined] just as good of the same bull, but not unpacked, cleaned, or restored, should be sent to the U of P Museum, that would provide for the restoration.The rest of the collection[underlined] 1) as presented in the Exhibition[underlined] casesâ2) or preserved in the Second story room[underlined] opposite the curator's officeâ3) or even partly or not at all unpacked in the basement of the British Museum has been divided in three days work by Mr. Gadd and myselfâas best as possible.Two[word underlined] objects of the same type and value being paired[word underlined], we agreed to choose according to the different needs of our respective Museumsâor each would choose in turnâOr in case of an unusually desirable or unique piece, we did toss a coin. [In the lot of the Univ. Mus. are the best frieze of 6 lime stone bulls, the pannel[sic] of the eagle on a bull's back, the fragment of a diorite head][brackets inserted by Mr. LeGrain]Each piece attributed to the Univ. Mus. was marked with a pencilled P on the object and on the card index ofhandwritten number 5 circled at center bottom of page:
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numeral 5 handwritten and circled at top center of pageTHE UNIVERSITY MUSEUMPHILADELPHIAMr. Gadd.1) In that way the objects exhibited[underlined] in A, B (except the copper bull relief), D, E [the heavy glass case could not be lifted; We read the no[o is superscript] as far as possible through the glassâWe obtain one drum of a mosaic column)[Legrain inserted the first bracket after the letter E, and ended with a parenthesis instead of a closing bracket] F (some important historical inscriptions), G1[numeral 1 is superscript] (the historical inscription of Tell El-Obeid on a fragment of vase), G2[numeral 2 is superscript], H1[numeral 1 is superscript] (half of the terra cottas) H2[numeral 2 is superscript](half of the Jewels); have been fairly divided.Mr. Gadd has marked the objects attributed to this Museum, on his list and card index. I have marked the objects with a P.2) The same method has been adopted for the objects preserved in the Second story room opposite the Curator's office.3) The objects partly or not at all unpacked in the basement of the British Museum are: the copper bull[underlined] to be cleaned and mounded, some mosaic flowers, and many unimportant plain potteryâWe obtain one of two door sockets.This is the best that I was able to do under rather difficult circumstances. I must add that every official of the British Museum was as obliging as possible, and Sir Fr. Kenyon particularly gracious.Yours respectfully devotedL. Legrain:
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Oberlin InnOberlin, OhioW. D. Hobbs, ManagerOct. 11. 1931Dear Jayne,Many thanks for forwarding the letter from Smith College, though I don't think that it will lead to anything as my programme is pretty full.I find that I have to go direct from Chicago to New York at the end of this week, so shall not get back to Philadelphia so soon as I had expected. I think that I must make a hurried visit on the 20th[??check numeral], leaving again on the 22nd, in order to make arrangements about passports & passage. Then I come back again on the 28th or 29th. Might I on the 20th come to Wallingford? I think I will tell Mrs. Newbold that if she can have me on the 29th I should be very gratified to accept her invitation, but that will be my first opportunity. Lectures here have gone well: we had to move into the college chapel as the room originally arranged was too small & I get audiences of:
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Objects 4th Season [writing is underlined]wrong numbers7075 Painted vase-16583(2)/[luxe?]Does this belong to same--prob an unnumbered one6279-Jar-16599to6179- [ditto marks] [note that the numbers 6279 to 6179 are joined by a bracket nearly off the page]6733c--Vase 166176033 [note that numbers 6733c and 6033 are joined by a bracket nearly off the page6837 green glazed 1662268176226. Head of cower dog 166306626frag of vase [note that it is not clear if this phrase belongs to the object described above]7145 Drain pipes 166576417a Miniature vase 16244to H656467? [note that the numbers 6417a to 6467? are joined by a bracket]:
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objects of all sorts and of all materials. The most surprising feature is the abundance of precious metal. Diadems, rings, ear-rings and beads of gold and silver are the rule rather than the exception; long pins have heads of lapis lazuli mounted in silver or gold; copper is seldom used except for utilitarian purposes, for cups and vases, weapons and tools, of which indeed we have a satiety. Individual objects are remarkable; there is a chain of gold set with lapis which might have been made yesterday instead of five thousand years ago; there is a little gold bull beneath whose chin is tied a great false beard, the symbol of godhead, making of the domestic animal the \"great Bull of Heaven\"; a bead shaped as a pear on which is perched a bird, not a quarter of an inch high yet with all its feathers faithfully rendered; a tall head ornament of silver in the shape of a lotus flower, the petals ending in balls of lapis lazuli capped with gold; a diadem of thin gold on which are rows of figures, their outlines impressed in the soft metal, huntsmen and stags, bulls and rams, a magnificent example of the work of the primitive goldsmith: and there are mere curiosities such as a gold bead three and a half inches long set between two equally large beads of lapis which must have been a burden to their wearer. Curious too is a large shell which, by the addition of a stone head, is transformed into a duck, the bright colours of the breast reproduced by an incrustation in lapis and mother-o'-pearl, while a similar incrustation adorns a half of an ostrich-shell used as a cup.We have dug a hundred and eighty graves, and there should be twice as many more yet to dig: it will be disappointing if the results of January's work do not equal those of December, unexpectedly rich as December has proved.(Signed) C Leonard Woolley:
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OBJECTS SOLD TO THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM Tomb Group I (789-B) CBS 16983 Necklace of lapis and gold conoid beads. L. 67 cm. CBS 16984 Necklace of lapis ovoid and conoid beads L. 52 cm. CBS 16985 Diadem of 2 strings of carnelian and lapis beads and 14 gold leaves. L. 38.5 cm. CBS 16985 34 pieces of gold ribbon CBS 16987 2 three-coil silver ringsTomb Group II (P.G. 1237) 30-12-668 Silver pin with lapis head. L. 19.5 cm. 30-12-669 Lunate gold earring. Diam. 7 cm. 30-12-670 Lunate gold earring. Diam. 7 cm. 30-12-671 Necklace of gold and lapis triangles. L. 22.5 cm. 30-12-672 Necklace: 4-strand, of lapis and gold conoid beads; each string about 52 cm. long 30-12-673 String of small lapis, gold, and carnelian beads. L. 18 cm. 30-12-674 String of small lapis, gold, and carnelian beads. L. 17 cm.:
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Oct. 18 1926Dear Dr. Gordon,Please find here annexed a copy of my summary inventory of the Babylonian Antiquities stored in Room no 44 of the University Museum. There are 68 trays of tablets from Nippur a third of which has been cleaned and could be sent upstairs to be registered. Other interesting objects identified are 1) A bronze pin with lapis lazuli head, discovered Dec. 11 1894 (III Exp. Photo 365) 2) A small clay cone of king Enlil-bani of Isin (IVth Exp.) Inscription unpublished. 3) A cast of a marble tablet of Naram Sin original perhaps in Constple - (IV Exp. Photo no 27) Inscription unpublished.:
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Oct. 2nd 1924Dear Dr. GordonOn my way to Bagdad! Everything is all right so far-I arrived in Paris Wednesday afternoon sept. 24th I called at the bank Harris and Morgan, place Vendome, at the messageries maritime to get my ticket; and bought a few articles to complete my kit. The problem is to have enough and not too much. I saw Scheil just back from his vacations and satisfied that I should in turn take a trip to Paradise Lost. Thureau Dangin was not due in Paris before October. I left Paris Monday 29th by the night train for Marseilles where a spent a day Some trouble to find and have my baggage safe in cabin no 187 on board s.s. Lotus! That trouble is a kind of chronicle decease going south. I found in Paris your:
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October 11, 1926KENYONBRITISH MUSEUMLONDONTWELVE HUNDRED FIFTY POUNDS CABLED EASTERN BANK LONDON ACCOUNT WOOLLEYGORDON:
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October 13, 1926Dear Mr. Woolley:I am writing these lines with the wish to be of service to Miss Gertrude Ely who is interested in our work at Ur and who is about to make a journey in Iraq and Persia. Miss Ely is a distinguished traveler who has a very deep interest in our archaeological work and hopes that she may see something of your excavations at Ur.I hope that you will find it convenient to invite Miss Ely to be the guest of the Expedition for the short time that she will have to spare for a visit to your Camp. I know that you will find it a pleasure and a privilege to put the resources of the Camp at Miss Ely's disposal and that you will do everything in your power to make her visit interesting and agreeable.Very sincerely yoursMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYField DirectorJoint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of PennsylvaniaUr, Iraq:
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October 13, 1930Dear Mr. Woolley:I wish to acknowledge with thanks the re- ceipt of the Ur photographs and your letter of October 2nd. We can now go forward rapidly with the printing of this issue of the Journal for no doubt the roll of plans will be along very shortly. It is an admirable article and we are pleased to have it appear in the Journal. I was sorry to have to bother you in the midst of all you no doubt have had on hand.I wish also to acknowledge your letter of September 21st which sets me perfectly straight regarding the travel expenses. I can now set the minds of my Board at rest.I am glad that the rule regarding assistants' wives is to remain unbroken, though it does seem hard on Mallowan. It is a rule that cannot be safely broken, however.I trust this reaches you before you leave and of course it bears with it every wish for a good season.Yours sincerelyHorace H.F. JayneDIRECTORC. Leonard Woolley, Esq.Royal Societies ClubSt. James's Street. S.W.1London, England:
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October 15, 1935Dear Mr. Jayne:-I was glad to get your of September 25th and to learn that the first lap of the trip had been a pleasant and interesting one. Your memorandum was immediately typed for Mr. Jenks and sent down to him. We are once again battling with figures so that the Board may know on Friday how our finances stand. Mr. Taylor, field photographer, paid us a visit last week, and on Saturday Mr. Wright dropped in for his ticket. Both men are sailing tomorrow. The draft for $300 went off by air mail on October 2nd or 3rd and should be in Mr. Bach's hands eleven days after leaving here.I am not going to trouble you with anything except the enclosed correspondence from the British Museum. I know that you planned to see Sir George Hill and the many problems brought up by him in his letters can be solved in your conferences with him. While I answered his letter of September 25th I haven not yet acknowledged that of September 25th, for I thought it well to wait until after the meeting onFriday so that I might let him know the action of the Board (if any is taken) on his proposal that we pledge half of the £800 needed to put both Dr. Legrain's and Sir Leonard's books in press. Certainly there need be no delay about Legrain's but it is another clever move of Woolley's to work his volume in the same time. Petrullo has returned, also the Korns. It will require a Solomon to render the verdict as to which side is innocent and which guilty. Miss duPont is in almost daily, both she and her family are most friendly with Petrullo, so that is something to be thankful for. In her eagerness to see herself and the members of the Expedition on the screen Miss du Pont is willing to assume the expenses of developing, printing, etc. motion and still films. The How-To-Make-It circulars are ready to go off early next month, the Bulletin is in press (Miss James got two new full page ads- Strawbridge & Clothier and Wanamaker). She is canvassing the Schools, one week's effort brought in only seven tentative reservations ($70.)-- the workis going on both the report is that the schools have no funds for such purposes as Museum lectures and the teachers hesitate to beg the dimes from the all-too-poor children.:
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October 20, 1925Dear Kenyon:I am sincerely obliged to you for your letter of the twenty third of September.I have now begun to prepare the Ur Exhibition for the coming winter and have assigned to it a room by itself in the new wing. I think that we can do fairly well with this exhibition especially as we will be able to include last year's finds. We have also been at work restoring some of the fragmentary objects and I find that a few of them can be restored quite satisfactorily, which enhances their appearance in a public exhibition. From the pieces of inlay of the wooden column that came to our share, we have been able to reproduce four sections or drums that will look very well.In my letter to Woolley, I suggested that he use his discretion with regard to the objects in addition to the stela to be sent from last year's finds for our exhibition. He writes me that he leaves the sending to Mr. Hall, but that he has made certain suggestions with regard to the objects to be selected, noting certain things to be omitted, such as duplicates and boundary stones. In this, Woolley was quite right and was proceeding exactly as I requested him to do. For reasons with which I need not trouble you, I wish to modify this part of my letter to Woolley and to request that the entire collection of last year's finds in so far as exhibited publicly by you be sent here for exhibition. This will help matters on both sides of the water and promote the interests of the Expedition. This Museum will be very glad to stand all the expense connected with packing, shipping and transportation.:
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October 23, 1924My dear Kenyon:This is to let you know that we have received the package sent by Woolley containing photographs of the Ur Expedition. I notice that this includes the photograph of the bronze bull restored. This photograph will be sufficient for our purposes I think.I would be glad if you would let me know at your convenience when you will be likely to ship our share of last year's finds, together with the reproductions already agreed upon. There is no particular hurry but my present thought is that we might prepare and exhibition during January, if we might expect to receive them the collection by that time.very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, Museum:
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October 23, 1926My dear Kenyon:I received some days ago your letter of October 8th, but have not yet received the title page of the Tell Al-Ubaid volume. I am afraid that it may have gone astray somehow.I note that you will be closing the Ur exhibition of last season's work early in November. We do not desire to have all the material for exhibition, but only those objects which fell to us in the division in which Miss McHugh participated last summer. There remain, as you will recall, certain important pieces which have not been assigned and which remain to be divided. I think it would be best, if you approve, to let those remain in abeyance until one of us may be in London next spring. At that time we can apply the same method as we have heretofore adopted and determine which of these objects shall be assigned to the British Museum and which shall come to us. My feeling is that we might as well adhere to the method of division by lot.I note that Woolley was leaving for Beirut on the 11th and the rest of his party will meet him at that port. I assume that the members of the party are Mallowan, Burrows, Whitburn and Mrs. Keeling. Is this correct or has it been found necessary to obtain another architect in the place of Whitburn?With best regards, I remainVery sincerely yours,SIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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October 25, 1928My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:Dr. Legrain has submitted to ourBoard of Managers his report upon the divisionof the Ur collections for the seasons 1926-27and 1927-28 which was entrusted to his handsand they have expressed themselves wellsatisfied with the results. We are, of course, anxious to have the exhibition of the collec-tions in this country as soon as possible.Before naming a time for the transfer of ourobjects there are one or two points on which wewould like to have an expression of opinionfrom you.Do you feel that you could send to usnot only the share of the finds which in thedivision has fallen to our lot but also the moreimportant pieces which will belong to you? Thisarrangement is one which you were good enough tomake in 1926 when we arranged our first exhibi-tion of the Ur collections.We have considered carefully your sug-gestion that in order to save time we have madein this country for your exhibition electrotypecopies of our important pieces. It is our beliefthat this work can be done better abroad than inthis country. Could you give me an idea of howlong a time would be required for the making ofelectrotypes of all those specimens which youfeel should be copied in this way -- that is theobjects which shall remain permanently with usand those of your own which you may feel disposedto send to us for temporary exhibition? Dr.Legrain has told us that the electrotype of the wig was exhibited by you. It would no doubt betoo great a risk to send over to us the original:
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October 26, 1932F. P. Keppel, Esq., President,The Carnegie Corporation522 Fifth Avenue,New Yor, N. Y.Mr dear Mr. Keppel:-On behalf of the Museum I wish to express warm thanks for the appropriation by the Carnegie Corporation of $15,000. towards the publication of the work at Ur of the Chaldees. The first installment of $7,500. has just been sent us through President Gates' office. We are more than gratified by this support which added to the previous appropriation will enable us to do a splendid piece of work. The colour plates for the volume on the Royal Tombs of which I have seen a few examples are superb and give an indication of the quality of volumes to be.I am anxious to see you very briefly on another matter. I am to be in New York next Thursday, the third of November. Would it be possible for you to see me anytime between eleven and four? I hesitate to trouble you in these days which must be particularly busy for you, but I feel the matter is not without merit.Yours sincerely,Horace H. F. JayneDIRECTOR.:
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October 26, 1932My dear Woolley:-I am hoping this will reach you before you have left London for Iraq if only that you may carry with you all our best wishes for a good trip and a successful season.Also, I would very much like your advice on a matter rather distant from your field but which I know your counsel will be of assistance. As perhaps you know, there is constant argument among Americanists as to whether or no Pleistocene man existed in the western hemisphere. The last few years have yielded much new evidence that would seem to confirm his presence. Edgar Howard of our staff, and also palaeontologist on the staff of the Academy of Natural Sciences, whom you remember, has in the past two years gathered some extraordinarily interesting data. He feels that his angles of the problem and probably the whole problem can only be solved by having it thoroughly investigated by European specialists whose familiarity with Pleistocene man would enable correlationstto be establishes between finds on this continent and in the Old World. He has suggested that the Museum and the Academy of Natural Sciences sponsor and informal commission to accomplish this and invite two or three of the foremost European specialists to come to America, and in conjunction with American specialists, visit the various sites, go over the evidence and make a report, which it is believe, should go far towards solving the question.We should very much wish to have Sir Arthur Keith as the European representative for the physical anthropology, and probably as Chairman of the informal commission. From your long acquaintance with him do you think he would be willing to consider such an invitation, and if so whether his work is so arranged that he could spare the time probably in the late spring, summer, or early autumn to come to this country for the purpose? We should, of course, wish to pay all his expenses and if desirable an honorarium - though it could not be large in these times - for his work, and undertake to publish the report of the investigations. We have not, of course, the funds in hand as yet but there seems to be sufficient interest in the idea to lead to the belief that these may be obtainable. Could you give me your opinion on the above points? It is primative, I feel, to suggest it to Sir Arthur directly even informally, but I'd like to know what if plans here mature we could approach him with some hope of favourable consid- eration. I shall be greatly obliged for whatever you can tell me.Since I began this letter work has arrived that the Carnegie has made its second grant to us in the sum of $15,000. This is a great:
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October 27, 1922The British MuseumLondon, EnglandDear Sir:In continuation of our correspondence of last spring in reference to the publications of the British Museum, I write to say that we are prepared to buy a selection of those publications to fill in the gaps in our shelves.I have therefore marked on one of your lists those items which we desire to purchase. These are marked with a cross in red ink on the margin. Where there is more than one style of binding we have underlined in red ink the binding desired. Where the item is marked \"Out of print\" we have sometimes included it on the chance of your being able to supply a copy.We will be glad to receive from you all the items marked in the way which I have indicated or as many of them as you can supply. Please bill the shipment to the University Museum, 33rd and Spruce Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.There is one other matter which I wish to take up with you now, namely, certain publications or reproductions from prints and drawings in the British Museum which I do not seem able to find in your list. I remember seeing on your sales counter very fine black and white reproductions of etchings and engravings and also coloured reproductions of Chinese and other paintings, as well as reproductions of Egyptian frescoes. Will you be good enough to tell me how copies of these may be procured and at what price?I am enclosing herewith the marked copy of your list of publications. Please follow only marks in red ink ignoring pencil marks.Very truly yoursDirector:
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October 31, 1931Dear Mr. Smith:- Thank you for your letter of October 17th. I am glad to know that our share of the Ur finds is in the process of packing, and it will be perfectly convenient and agreeable to us if the cases be sent off early next month by the Cunard Line. We appreciate very much your careful attentionto this matter for the Museum. With warm personal regards, believe meYours sincerely,Horace H. F. JayneDIRECTORSidney Smith, Esq.Department of Egyptian and Assyrian AntiquitiesBritish MuseumLondon, W. C. 1:
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October 31st will be submitted to you at the earliest opportunity.Trusting that I shall soon have something of more interest to report,I have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]Director of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylania to Mesopotamia.November 5. 1923.:
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October 4, 1927My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:The time having arrived when the first instalment of our share of the annual appropriation to our Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia is due, we are enclosing to you herewith draft drawn to the order of the Eastern Bank, Ltd., in the sum of £1250. Our second instalment will be sent direct to the Bank, if that is agreeable to you and to Mr. Woolley, prior to December 15th.We have compared the figures sent by you in your letters to Dr. Harrison under dates of July 19th and August 6th with the statement for the season 1926-7 and the monthly statements rendered by Mr. Woolley and I should now like to submit to you a report made up from our records, these being taken from reports of Mr. Woolley and yourself and payments made by us.In your letter of August 6, our credit balance is given as ....................................£271-19- 1from which must be deducted the cost of card index, casts andfreight..............£37- 8- 3and our share of the sum assignedto Mrs Woolley ...... 35- 0- 0 62- 8- 3leaving an actual credit, according toyour figures, of ......................£209-10-10to be applied towards our share of this yearsexpenses.It would appear from our accounts that there should be a creditbalance due us of £226, the difference of £16-18-1 between your figures andours being arrived at as follows::
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October 4, 1927Statement of receipts and expenditures taken from monthly and annual reports of C. Leonard Woolley for Ur Expedition Season 1926-27Museum of the U.of Pa. Credits 1926-27We have paid ...................................£2500- 0- 0We should be credited with half of Interest on bank account ............£2- 3- 5 " " " " £1-12- 5Sales of Reports ....................38- 9- 0 £42- 4-10 21- 2- 5Total amount to our credit................................. £2521- 2- 51926-27 Expenditures Period Totals sub- Corrected mitted by Totals Mr Woolley July 1 - October 31.....£881-10- 0 £881-10- 0November ................571- 7- 5 576-16- 2December ................698- 3-10 698- 3-10January .................527-13-10 526-18-10February, March, April .1436- 0- 9 1436- 0- 9May, June ...............211-12- 5 211-12- 5 [total]£4326- 8- 3 £4331- 2- 0Grant to Mrs. Woolley ..........................£50- 0- 0 [subtotal] £4381- 2- 0Deficit from 1925-26 ...........................133- 8- 5* Total ...........................£4514-10- 5of which our half share is ...................£2257- 5- 3We owe British Museum for freight,card index and casts (Letter Sir Frederic Kenyon August 6, 1927) ..........................37- 8- 3Total sum due by Museum of the U. of Pa........................2294-13- 6Balance to be credited to the Museum of the U. of Pa towardsexpenses of the 1927-28 season ................................£226- 8-11Based upon letter of C. Leonard Woolley October 6 1926, in which he states that \"the balance due, (up to June 30, 1926), £363-18-8, is necessarily correct also; the British Museum was on that date behind-hand with its contribution of £2500 by the sum of £230-10-3 (it has since paid in £250*,and there was a surplus of expenditure over estimate of £171-18-5 which as a liability against the two Museums had been reduced by Bank interest and local sales of reports to £133-8-5.\":
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October 4, 1932Dear Dr. Legrain:Thank you for your letter of September 20. I am glad the division was satisfactory and we are pleased with the two best objects that fall to our lot. It was a meager season but at least it is good to have the copper cylinder and the diorite gaming-board. Thank you very much for your offices in our behalf in this matter.If the 1929-30 field catalogue was sent after April 1931, as they told you, it would have been handed to you. I have made inquiry and it is no where else in the Museum. It may have gone astray, but this seems hardly possible. To avoid great argument we had we had best order, perhaps, a second copy made, if the cost is not too great. Will you kindly look into this?Things are quiet here, perforce. Unfortunately next week the movers coming to take down our Assyrian reliefs to transfer them to the the Metropolitan. Since they must go the sooner the better probably, but it is pretty heartbreaking. We have made a few tentative changes in the UR Room but they rather improve its state than otherwise. The Tepe Gawra and Tell Billah finds, the things from Asbabad and Damghan and the Sabean Collection are installed in the opposite gallery(formerly the Chinese Porcelains) and make a pretty handsome display.As soon as your plans are advanced let me know when you expect to be back. There are many inquiries for you and I should like to tell something definite if possible.Please convey my kindest regards to Mr. Smith and remember me to the others.Yours SincerelyHorace H. F. Jayne (Director)Dr. Leon Legrain White Hall Bloomsbury Square London, W.C.L, England:
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October 5, 1926Dear Woolley:I received your letter of August 8th some time ago, but since there was nothing in it to which I felt I could reply, I did not at once write to you. However, I feel that your letter should not go unacknowledged. I want to say that I can very truthfully echo your sentiments when I sawy I am sorry that I could not see you this summer.I note that you had made your decision concerning the matter about which I wrote you in private and that you acted, as you believe, entirely in the interest of the Expedition. That interest is, of course, my only concern in the matter.I desire to make it clear that I have no wish to confuse this particular case with the general question of volunteer assistance. I have always felt that this question requires different treatment in individual instances. We have usually in our own practice overcome the obvious objections to volunteer assistance by the payment of a small stipend in each case where it was desirable that the applicant should be taken into service for training or for use occupation. Fitzgerald, whom you mention as an example, was an assistant on our Expedition at Beisan before he joined you at Ur. He was again with us at Beisan last season as a regular paid assistant on the Expedition and will remain with us on that basis until he becomes Assistant Director of Archaeology in Palestine. He began as a student in the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem which arranged with our Expedition to take him over for training in the early days of his field experience.a student in the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem which arranged with our Expedition to take him over for training in the early days of his field experience.:
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October 5, 1927Dear Mr. Woolley:We are sending in today's mail to SirFrederic Kenyon draft on Brown Shipley & Co. in thesum of £1250 drawn to the order of the Eastern Bank, Ltd. for your account. This is the first instal-ment of our appropriation for the coming season's work in Mesopotamia. I have told Sir FredericKenyon that if satisfactory to him and to you, oursecond instalment would be deposited in the EasternBank for your account prior to December 15th.The statement of your expenses for lastseason has now been checked up with your monthlyaccounts and except for a few minor errors in addi-tion and an omission of a small credit due us, hasbeen found correct. I will not bother you with thedetails; these have been sent to Sir FredericKenyon so that they may be gone over by his account-ant.Dr. Legrain has told us that he spent andenjoyable day at the British Museum during his shortvisit to London; he was much interested in the Urexhibit which he says makes a fine show.I suppose that you are busily engagedmaking preparations for your departure for Mesopo-tamia. I hope that you will have good luck duringthe coming season. We have not yet appointed a successor to Dr. Gordon but I have no doubt that theBoard will give serious consideration to this matterduring the coming months. Dr. Harrison is very illand the doctors give little hope of his recovery.The Museum has been sorely stricken this year and itis hard pulling for those of us who are left to steerthe ship.With best regards,Very sincerely yoursSecretary:
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October 6, 1926My dear Kenyon:I hope that my long delay in replying to your letter of August 4th has not caused you any inconvenience. For some reason the letter though postmarked London, August 4 did not reach me until September 2.I understand what you say about the finances for the Ur Expedition during the coming campaign and we are prepared to provide our share of £2,500. I presume it will be satisfactory to make payments in the same way as last year, that is to say, one half at this time and the balance in December. We will cable £1250. to the Eastern Bank, London, next week.I have not heard from Woolley at all about the organization of the next Expedition with the exception of one member, Mrs. Keeling. I have heard from Dr. Legrain about Mr. E. Burrows who is mentioned in your letter and I am glad that Mallowan will go again. I hope also that Whitburn will go again as architect.With regard to your question relating to publications, I do not believe that we will need more than 250 copies of Tell el Obeid. Indeed I believe that we would not require that many copies to supply the demand on this side of the Atlantic, so that unless you feel that sales in England and the Continent will require a larger number, I should say to limit the edition of this work to 500 copies. With regard to the Texts volume in two parts, 125 copies would be able ample to take care of orders on this side. I understand that the British Museum does not distribute any free copies of its publications. That being the case we will apply the same rule to these publications on our side, then we will be working on an equal footing. Some half dozen copies are all that we would require for presentation.:
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October 9, 1924My dear Kenyon:I thank you for your letter of September 26th which has just been received and I have taken note that including your share of the balance from last year, you have a total of £1,730. now promised for the Ur Expedition, and that you hope that you may eventually have a total of £2,125, which, as you already know, we will be prepared to meet with an equal amount.With regard to casts or reproductions we will want the following.1. The milking scene that goes to Baghdad2. The gold scaraboid that goes to Baghdad3. Such black and white friezes as do not come to us4. The foundation tabletWith regard to the copper bulls I note your statement that the moulding of them would be rather risky. In that case we shall be content with good photographs on a fairly large scale.I do not believe that there is anything else of which we will want casts.In our own exhibition, when we get ready for it, these casts will serve the purpose of the originals so that when you get ready to despatch the collection, the shipment will consist of our share together with the casts enumerated above.I have received from Woolley acknowledgement of my letters of September 5th and September 10th, but no acknowledgement of my letter of September 16th and I have not received the photographs.You should send us a bill for the cost of making these photographs, as well as for the making of the casts or reproductions, for one half the cost of all the repairs made on the collection and for the cost of packing and shipping our share and the packing and shipping of the casts or reproductions.With my best regardsVery sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERICK KENYON, DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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October 9, 1925Dear Mr. Woolley:The bearer of this letter, Mr. Wolcott G. Lane, is about to start on his travels in Mesopotamia and other parts of the Near East. He expects to visit the excavations at Ur and I therefore wish to bespeak your kind attention on his behalf especially as he wishes to have a look at the work of the Expedition.Very sincerely yours C. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.Director of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the University Museum to Mesopotamia:
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of 42 TC. fig. Fem in kaunakes dress. Rt. sh. exposed. holding suckling(?) child against breast. Feet of fem. lost:
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Of course no complete publication of results can be made as yet; but we ought to arrange for a provisional report by Woolley on the season's work, similar to those which Evans used to give of his work in Crete. Have you any bulletin or learned periodical in America to which it could suitably be sent? Here we could perhaps publish through the Society for Antiquities, which published accounts of Thompson's and Hall's work.Yours sincerely F.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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of hair and curls, incised horizontal lines
Jeweled veil covers breast, shoulders, arms to the elbow - over it a pectoral
Four lines of beads on chains or spacers hang over the veil.
Dog necklace of two strings.
Beaded belt about waist. Heavy bangles
Navel, pubes, legs are exposed
Strong eyes, nose, chin, cheekbones
Body young, slender, well modelled
Eagle profile -
maybe a bride. - Feet broken
Moulded. Drab clay, hard baked:
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of it because we are going to travel overland & that means getting various visas which I had not procured in London. I hope that the sending of them will not worry you.And this change of plans further affects me because I had meant to have the pleasure of coming back to Wallingford now, & going to Mr John [?Newbold's] later, when I return for the last time. Really, as things are, I'd far sooner come to you again, if I might, on the 29th; but I don't want to hurt the Newbold's feelings after they have so kindly invited me, & I shall have to see what can be done! As to present movements, I shall:
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of one of them) and so shall have an almost conventional festivity for once.Did I tell you, I wonder, that I had given all the original drawings you did of the Ur treasures to the Birmingham Museum, where they are exhibited together with a number of the objects from the dig, and look extremely well? it was nice to think that they would be permanently on view, and I have a special interest in that particular museum, which always does full justice to its exhibits and in consequence attracts a very large public. Now I am wondering whether in the new house my collection of pictures will fit in and look as well as it does here: that is a matter for experiment, and I expect to be kept busy for quite a long while trying different effects but some of my other treasures were superfluous and so have:
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of this sort one does not expect to find objects, and in fact we found none, but one interesting small discovery did await us. In one of the principal doorways, under the brick pavement, there were brick boxes containing the humble emblems of those powers who protect a house; there was the god Papsugal, a squat and ugly mud figure girt with a copper baldric and brandishing a copper spear, and sets of little mud dogs in sets of five painted colours: cracked and crumbling, they were still keeping guard, and though the walls of the palace had been destroyed down to floor level the foundations had been preserved to tell in what manner of building the princess Bel-shalti-nannar kept her state.C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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of work, owing to the need to make the sections done by the various authors homogeneous, is now accomplished, and that you can turn your attention to fresh fields.The various expeditions in the field in Iraq seem to have had extremely successful seasons this year; strangely enough, they have all been finding things of the Jemdet Nasr period. Soon that period will be as familiar to us as the time of Gudea, and we shall begin to think that the really interesting age was that of the Gutti.My husband has not had to take a party to Greece this year; the students were too hard hit by the drop in the dollar, cuts in salaries, and the unfavorable exchange to be able to afford the expense of even that very economically planned tour. In some ways he is sorry, for he loves Greece, and is always happy to return there, in spite of the fatigue and responsibility to him of such a trip.Professor Johnson (of Princeton), who is Annual Professor at the Academy this year, went to Egypt with his wife and two young ladies, but they had an unsatisfactory visit, and found the climate disagreeable, and prices very high.Thanking you once more for the interesting article, and with cordial greetings from us both,Yours very sincerely,E. Douglas Van Buren[script signature]:
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Office of the Vice-President1520 Locust StreetApril the twelfth,1928Dear Mr. Appleget,I feel sure there can be no uncertainty in regard to the accomplishments and usefulness of the Expeditions which we have been conducting, jointly with the British Museum at Ur, and independently at Beisan. No other similar work in Mesopotamia or Palestine has received so much gratifying recognition and publicity in the daily newspapers and weeklies of this Country and abroad.These facts are of course known to Mr. Rockefeller, and we do not wish to burden him with unnecessary details, though we try to keep him advised briefly from time to time ofthe[sic] progress of our work.There is still much excavation to be done in both places, and there must be also careful study and publication of the \"finds\". It would be a serious disadvantage to have an interruption in the work at this time, and we are now planning for the ensuing years.I am writing on behalf of our Museum, and because of the continued illness of our President, Doctor Harrison, to ask if Mr. Rockefeller will help us again by renewing his contribution of Fifteen Thousand Dollars a year for an additional period of three years, contingent upon our providing and expending an equal or greater sum upon our Expeditions and descriptive publications.I need scarcely add that we shall be very grateful for such assistance and encouragement, and I hope you will accept this word of appreciation of your own kindly interest.Sincerely--Vice-President.Mr. Thomas B. Appleget,26 Broadway,New York.:
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Office of the VicePresident,1520 Locust StreetApril the seventeenth,1928.Dear Mr. Appleget,I thank you for your kind letter of the 16th inst. I shall have prepared such a statement as you suggest and will forward it to you for your additional information.Sincerely yours,Vice-President.Mr. Thomas B. Appleget,26 Broadway,New York.:
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on with a party of three, and expressed a, doubt as to whether there was time to get another man from America; But if the work is to last till next May, as planned, there is ample time, and Woolley fully concurred when I said I should write in this sense to you. So you may take this as superseding anything he may have written. If you can't find a man, I will try and get one here; but it is much better that he should be an American, and I will do nothing until I hear from you.The financial arrangements with Messers. Brown Shipley & Co. are complete, and I am having money cabled out to meet Woolley as Basra.The High Commissioner of Iraq wrote that no law of antiquities has yet been passed, but probably the matter would we arranged this autumn. He made it clear that in his opinion it was highly desirable that the expedition should go out; so I has no hesitation in authorizing them to start. It now remains only to hope that they will have good luck.yours sincerely[signature] F.G. KenyonP.S. (Sept. 27th) Your cable just received. I still think it is desirable that you should send a man if you have one ^ who is suitable; otherwise it will be a purely British expedition, largely financed by you with a view to sharing the proceeds. You are the best judge as to opinion in America, but I should have thought it would be easier to appeal for money for an expedition in which America takes an active, and not merely a pecuniary, share. Anyway I will wait until I hear again from you, by cable or letter.:
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One of a large series, similar in type, diff_g in treat_t Flat ground beyond Dq.? Genuine?:
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or they could be sold to the expedition's profit, though I do not think that they would fetch much; or they could become the property of one or the other Museum. The University Museum has of course its expeditions in the Near East, but I imagine that they are all fully equiped; the British Museum has no other expedition out there but would I fancy be prepared to to take over the equipment on the chance of using it before too long; in fact I spoke to Hill and he was ready to consider this, but told me to write to you. Would you then wish that the whole lot be sold(in which case the B.M. might or might not be a bidder) or do you wish to take it over or do you think it worth while to retain it as joint property and to share the cost of transport to Basra or Baghadad and of storage there? Please let me have your decision while I am at Ur so that I may take the necessary steps. Your sincerely, C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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Original mould. Cast out of it.
Mother goose seated side way. Feet on a goose- (duck?). Head front face Holds ampulla bottle in right. Left extended out of sleave.-
Horned up. mitre- Earring locks on shoulder.
Braids in front- necklace.
Tight fitting 7 liers kaunakes robe-
Second goose, side of stool.
Bracelet- necklace. :
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out by the University Museum, including the reports [??undecipherable word, possibly an abbreviation] sent by Peters & Haynes. Well, one or other once did a little work at Ur, of which no account has ever been published, & the Museum must possess some records of interest. I know that they have one photo of the top of the Ziggurat shewing[sic] brickwork in situ[both words underlined] which had disappeared before we got out there: that I'm most anxious to have, but there must be some other stuff as well, for someone dug out the part of the site between our [??undecipherable word] & the \"Harbour Temple\" & did some work when our sanctuary of [?Cloacina?] was to be erected. Can you lay hands on any of this material & send it to me?Yours sincerelyC. Leonard Woolley [with flourish]:
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over at least part of it & that we shall in the course of the season have another haul of impressions to add to those with which you have dealt so [?faithfully?]. So don't close your classification finally until the present dig is more or less over. It will be a fortnight yet, & possibly three weeks,âmore possibly three weeksâbefore we have got low enough to decide whether you are to have more material or not: as soon as I know I'll send you word, but I counsel you to expect the worst!I hope you like the Royal Cemeteries volume (in spite of some criticism of yourself!) now that it has come out. I hope it will sell well, as I need the funds for the next book. If we don't get more impressions, when will your volume be ready for the Press? Keep me in touch so that arrangements may be made.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [with flourish]:
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Oxford Aug. 8.'26My dear Gordon I received your letter of July 8th unduly late as my club didn't forward it & I only found it there when I went up to town. It's first effect on me was to make me regret once more the fact that I can't see you: I'm always feeling what a loss it is, when I'm working under you, to be always at such a distance. One day's conversation would do more than reams of writing to avoid misunderstandings and settle any differences of view. However, I can't get over to the States at present , & I learn to my regret that you are not coming here this summer, so I must needs write.You tell me that you have doubts which almost amount to a principle about the wisdom of having volunteers on an expedition. Once at Carchemish I had a volunteer assistant:
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OxfordAug. 8. '26My dear GordonI received your letter of July 8th unduly late asmy club didn't forward it & I only found itthere when I went up to town. It's firsteffect on me was to make me regret once morethe fact that I can't see you: I'm always feelingwhat a loss it is, when I'm working under youto be always at such a distance. One day'sconversation would do more than reams ofwriting to avoid misunderstandings and settleany differences of view. However, I can't getover to the States at present, & I learn to myregret that you are not coming here thissummer, so I must needs write.You tell me that you have doubts whichalmost amount to a principle about thewisdom of having volunteers on an expedition.Once at Carchemish I had a volunteer assistant:
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OxfordAugust 8. '26My dear GordonI received your letter of July 8th unduly late as my club didn't forward it and I only found it there when I went up to town. Its first effect on me was to make me regret once more the fact that I can't see you: I'm always feeling what a loss it is, when I'm working under you, to be always at such a distance. One day's conversation would do more than reams of writing to avoid misunderstandings and settle and differences of view. However, I can't get over to the States at present, and I learn to my regret that you are not coming here this summer, so I must needs write.You tell me that you have doubts which almost amount to a principle about the wisdom of having volunteers on an expedition. Once at Carchemish I had a volunteer assistant who might almost have converted me to your view, but on the other hand we had at Ur Fitzgerald and my one regret was that other engagements didn't allow of his coming out a second time. English expeditions (partly perhaps through lack of funds) so constantly employ volunteers- Kish has had two, Petrie in Egypt almost lives on them, and so on- that the idea of an objection to such on principle hadn't occurred to me. Frankly, I don't share it: it seems to me a matter of expediency not of principle, and I should be really very sorry to be debarred from taking advantage of volunteer help when that is in itself to the advantage of the expedition. But when I got your letter I felt obliged to see Kenyon at once, because I don't for a moment want to set up my opinion against, yours, or against his, and of course if a line of policy is laid down for me I am prepared to act on it. So, though I didn't show Kenyon your letter, it being marked 'personal and confidential' I explained your views and asked his. Well, he certainly doesn't share the objection to volunteers as such provided that they are properly subordinate to the head of the expedition, and was on the contrary anxious to avail himself of any help we could get provided that it really was helpful. And I do trust that in view of the general practice over here you may incline to share his opinion.Kenyon said that as regards the particular question of how far Mrs. Keeling helps the expedition he was prepared to leave that to my judgement (and I'd like to say, Gordon, how very much I appreciate the reliance which both you and he have placed in me and the freedom of action which you have allowed: that has always been a great comfort) - but it's only fair to you at a distance that I should say something to you on the point.The only difinite job for which Mrs. Keeling volunteered last season was the drawings for the catalogue and for reproduction. This isn't in itself a big enough thing to justify the employment of a special paid assistant, but Mallowan, who writes the catalogue, couldn't draw at all, and the work would therefore have fallen on me; I have quite enough on my hands as it is and was only too thankful to be relieved of this. Actually, though she didn't undertake the housekeeping, Mrs. Keeling did a great deal in looking after the servants and keeping the house decent and comfortable, as all of us were quick to recognize with gratitude, and that too saved me a good deal of time: also by taking charge of visitors and acting as guide she save me a vast amount - for one can't refuse to show round visitors who have come a long way to see the dig, but they do wast one's time frightfully. Lastly I do think that the presence of a lady has a good moral effect on the younger fellows in the camp and keeps them up to standard. Speaking quite officially I can say that I consider the Expedition to be very much indebted:
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P.G.s
Notes used or discarded vol II
Bearings taken onto Dungi drain
Point X 122[degrees] - C
166 1/2[degrees] - F
Point Y 143 1/2[degrees] - D
109 1/2[degrees] - F
X-Y, 22.55m.
_Position of outskirts of PG. Cemetery in relation to HALL'S TEMPLE._
_Post A._ = 16.35m to E. outer corner of 4th buttress from S. corner of SE wall of H.T.
29.5m to E outer corner of 2nd buttress from S. corner of SE wall of H.T.
Point Y. 23.8m. to E. outer corner of 2nd buttress from S corner of SE wall of H.T. NB. This measuremnt is likely to be only approximate owing to uneveness of ground between this point and H.T.:
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P.S. Could you at some time let me have the C.B.S. number of your Cyrus brick: you overlooked it in the list DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES, BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON: W.C.ansd July 23. 27June 25th 1927.Dear Legrain,This is to say that the Ur-texts and your letter have both arrived safely. I think it is quite astonishing how quickly you have been able to wade through all this stuff and get it back into order again. Hall is away at the moments, but is returning on July 14th., and when he comes I hope to get him to send along the whole thing to the printers. When this is done I will keep you informed of what is going on; then, will you read the proofs as they come out? If we both go through them there ought not to be much amiss.The few things that you mention as not to be found at Philadelphia are, of course, a nuisance, but really I am not surprised at there being a:
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P.S. I am glad to hear you are writing about the new date of Ibi-Sin. Of course you cannot enter much into the question in the [?Mms.?] Journal, but incidentally I hope you will say that it is a horrid snag for Theo Bauer and Landsberger who have pushed the Amurru into the Pusht-i-Kûh! No doubt you have seen Bauer on 'Die Ostkanaanäer' - I wish I had time to lay this bogey as dead as it deserves to be for ever and ever! Meanwhile, your Ibi-Sin date is a good broadside. The Amurru \"from the side of Mari\" (-is that what it means?) will hardly do for the Pasht-i-Kuh! Don't forget to tell them, too, that the Amorites \"who knew not a city\" are just as they are described:
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P42 13 CABLE VIA IMPL 145PLONDON AUG 14/28LCO MCHUGHUNIVERSITY PHILADELPHIA MuseumSELLING PRICE UR INSCRIPTIONS THREE GUINEASESDAILE BRITISH MUSEUM4.88.3-3____146475____1539At [?] Ubaid was £ 3-3 on [?] 15.:
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Page 1:
TC. Animal heads from NCF level [?]
Head of a ram
hand - model_d, broken off at sh.
Same location: Zig. NW. 1931
under Nebuch: s Corner Fort
By door-jamb of Room 1 . 3_d
Page 2:
85 X 50 mm
Ass or horse- hand model_d
Broken feet & ears - Pellet eyes, incis_d mouth & nostrils -
Bridle round the nose, behind ears
yoke (?) or rider on back
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Page 2 of the large stela and should remain together with it. I should be equally content whether we get the stela or the rest of the collection. I suppose that we had better draw lots to see where the stela will go. Perhaps you may have some other suggestion to make. I am not likely to be able to leave Philadelpia long enough this summer to go to London. However, the Secretary, Miss McHugh, is now in Europe and will be in London at the end of this month or in August. I have requested Miss McHugh to see you in London and discuss this question of the division with you, and perhaps the matter may be settled at that time. There is also the question of the division of the collections found in 1925-26. I would be very glad if Miss McHugh could represent this Museum in making that division at the same time. It corrus occurs to me, however, that it may not be convenient for you while your exhibition is on. I leave it to you to decide. If the division is made, I presume that it could be made by the method formerly employed; namely, dividing the collection in two parts which in the opinion of the Babylonian staff of the British Museum, are of equal value, and drawing lots to see which half will remain in the British Museum and which half will be sent here. I suppose that there is still ample time to discuss the plans for next year's expedition. We are prepared to put up the:
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Page 2.season our work north and north-west of the Ziggurat had brought to light important walls of the Larsa periodwhich [original text has a handwritten edit mark between the words period and which] seemed to be connected with the ornate fortress-salient of arad-Sin; their relation to the Ziggurat complex made their further investigation desirable, and although the remains already discovered ran under the lofty earth dumps resulting from the clearance of the Ziggurat and from last year's work whose removal was a serious matter there was no alternative but to shift these a second time. As a start all the men were set to work on the dumps.[There is a handwritten editing mark, a bracket, preceding the first word in this paragraph.]Last season's excavations north-west of the Ziggurat had produced the ruins of terraces and buildings which surrounded the Ziggurats of the First Dynasty and of earlier periods; the excavation of these Ziggurats themselves being impossible, since they must lie beneath that of the Third Dynasty, the history of the site can only be gathered from the remains of their surrounding dependencies, and our work on the north-west had to be followed up by similar excavations on the south-east side. Accordingly an area of rather more than 500 square metres was marked out between the east corner of the Ziggurat and the east corner of the late Ziggurat terrace, and to this men were shifted as work became congested on the other site until the two bodies were fairly equal; at present therefore these two main sites are being excavated simultaneously.It is too early to say much about results.[There is a handwritten bracket following the word results and its period. Said bracket faces the period.] On the northern site the dumps have disappeared and the part of the site immediately bordering on last year's work has been excavated to the required level, but [there is a handwritten bracket inserted before the next word, facing the word a.] a further extension is necessary before the real character of the buildings can be ascertained. At this stage it looks as if we had come upon what would be:
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Page 2a great deal of work in the packing andlisting of these objects and I want to tellyou how appreciative we are here of yourefforts in our behalf.With my best regards, I remainVery sincerely yourSecretaryH.R.HALL, ESQ.The British MuseumLondon:
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Page 2a great many sheets listing the objects found at Ur from U 1 up to U 1054.I have not yet fixed the day for the opening of our new exhibition. I have no doubt that all of the things from Ur will be received in time. With best regards, Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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Page 2been made by you to be sent to the Baghdad Museum. We will follow Dr. Hall's suggestion and have a fresh mold made of the stela. We will probably not be able to do this until the summer, which I suppose will be in ample time for any purposes for which casts may be needed.Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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Page 2consideration and I think that you will understand my motives so well that it will not be necessary for me to enter into any further details at this time. I will be interested in having your own views on the matter when you find time to write me on the subject. Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, EnglandP.S. The University Museum has not, up to this time, made any exhibition of the finds from Ur and Tell el Obeid because we have not felt that the number of things available were sufficient to justify such an exhibition. I have just written a longish letter to Woolley which I presume you will have a chance to read should you desire to do so.:
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Page 2ended in a shoe of bitumen, probably employed as a non-conductor of sound. The base of the instrument was boat-shaped, of wood edged with a narrow band of gold and lapis lazuli, and on it stood the sounding-box from which the twelve strings had been stretched to the upright beam. This was of wood, also completely decayed, but its exact form was preserved by the inlaid border of red, white and blue (haematite, shell and lapis) which the hard soil had kept in place; it was a narrow box rectangular on three sides but raking forward in front to end in a large calf's head of gold with top-knot and formally curled beard of lapis lazuli and shell and lapis eyes: below the beard the front of the box was decorated with shell plaques engraved with the mythological scenes and coloured with black and red paint.The second big discovery was of a chariot. Here too the wood had all perished, leaving only hollows in the soil, or, at most, a black film thinner than a coat of whitewash and obliterated by a touch, but the decoration again enabled us to recover the original design. And the decoration was marvellously rich. All the woodwork had been outlined with narrow bands of inlay in blue and white or red and white against a black background. A rail ran round the top, decorated in this fashion with blue and white circles; attached to the rail and facing outwards were little head of lions and bulls in the round, all of gold, six on either side of the chariot. From each side of the body of the car projected three larger lions' heads, also of gold, the eyes inlaid with:
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Page 2equal share of the burden in the future. We are accordingly prepared to guarantee the sum of £2125, being one half of the estimate mentioned in your cable of July 29. Of this sum we will be prepared to pay on September 30 into the Eastern Bank in London to the account of the British Museum - University Museum Mesopotamian Expedition, eleven hundred pounds, less the balance remaining of our last year's payments, provided you will be prepared to pay into the same fund on the same date, the sum of eleven hundred pounds. We undertake to make the final payment into the same fund on such date as may be required to meet Mr. Woolley's drafts.It is the understanding and the wish of everyone here that the expedition is and shall be known as the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the University Museum, Philadelphia.Heretofore this Museum, through its own deficiency, has been unable to supply any part of the personnel. Hereafter this Museum will be prepared to have one or, if necessary, two representatives on the expedition. We understand from your correspondence that Mr. Woolley proposes to secure the services of Mr. De Jong as architect and assistant archaeologist for the coming season, and that he proposes to take Mr. Linnell as general assistant. This being the case, we will send to represent this Museum for the coming campaign Dr. Leon Legrain whom you know personally and who is also known to you as a cuneiform reader and scholar of the first rank. We propose, following the practise already established by the expedition, that Dr. Legrain's salary for six months shall be charged to the expedition. His salary is at the rate of $3500., equal to £795 at the present rate of exchange. His salary for six months would therefore be £397-10 which would be paid to him direct by this Museum and be chargeable to the count of the expedition. He would be prepared to leave here in time to join Mr. Woolley at Baghdad on the 25th of October.:
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Page 2establishing the First Dynasty of Egypt, and already here writing is no less advances than on the Nile and the technique of the arts and crafts is definitely superior. The unification of Egypt in about 3400 B. C. is marked by the appearance of new art forms and methods which seen to have been introduced from abroad or at least modified by foreign influences; the contemporary civilization of Mesopotamia is no less evidently the outcome of steady development in the country itself, and since change was demonstrably slow the origins of that civilization must go back to an immemorial antiquity. The graves themselves are simple enough. In most cases the body, fully dressed, was wrapped in matting and laid on a mat spread over the bottom of the tomb shaft; personal belongings, jewellery, etc., were placed with the body, and between the hands or against the moth was set a cup of clay or copper which presumably contained drink. just as a cup of water is often set over a modern Arab grave so that the dead man may wet his tongue before replying to the cross-examination of the recording angel: against the roll of matting were placed other clay or metal cases containing food and drink, more matting might be spread over the top of these, and then earth was flung back into the pit. In some cases a fire was lit against the head of the dead man and body and offerings were partly consumed before the grave was filled in; but the custom, clearly a survival of cremation, was already dying out, and in the later graves we find little or no trace of fire. In the higher levels a square wicker-work basket or coffin is sometimes substituted for the simple matting of an earlier age, and wooden coffins have been found, though such seem to mark a distinction in wealth rather than date: but throughout the whole period, side by side with the inhumation:
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Page 2For temporary exhibition. Upon receiving wordfrom you as to the time required for reproducingthe specimens by the electrotype process, we willbe in better position to say when we would likethe collections shipped to us.There is one other matter about which Iwant to write you. We are having many requestsfrom small museums and educational institutionsin this country for a gift or exchange of duplicatespecimens from our excavations at Ur. Dr. Legrainhas told us that there remained after the divisiona mass of material such as pottery, beads, etc.which neither your Museum nor ours would wish toexhibit and which are not essential for study.Would it be possible when you are forwarding our share of the division made this summer to havepacked and shipped to us a share of the discardedspecimens so that we may meet the demands of ourfriends in this country? I have some hesitationin making this request because I know it will entail additional work for your Staff, but youwill, I am sure, be in entire sympathy with us inour desire to satisfy the institutions which haveshown a deep interest in the work of our JointExpedition.Very sincerely yoursSecretarySIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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Page 2From these figures it would appear that we have now remitted our share of this year's grant for the Ur Expedition.We owe you, however, the sum of £27.7.9 for making casts, an item which appears in your letter of July 31st. We also owe you for the costs of packing and for shipping to Philadelphia the Ur collection for which costs we have not yet received a statement. There may be other items as well for photographs, catalogues, etc. We would be glad to have your memoranda on these subjects at your convenience so that we may remit the amounts due.The more important things that I have in my mind at this time are the questions of the funds for this year's work at Ur. The first question is, are our figures correct and do they agree with your bookkeeping? The other question is: will Woolley have his £5,000. to spend on the current year's work?For your more particular information I enclose a summary statement for last year that has been abstracted from Woolley's accounts. I may add that while we have been guided by these figures, they are not in agreement with your own figures in your letter to me of July 31st.I will be obliged if you will let me have your views on these subjects whenever is convenient.Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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Page 2General view of work NE of ZigguratGranary, Persian, NW of ZigguratE. corner of great courtyard building shewing burnt brick foundations of Kuri-galzu and below them earlier mud brick walls decorated with recesses and 3/4 columnE-dublal-mah. NE face. Wall of Larsa periodE-dublal-mah, north cornerE-dublal-mah, NE faceE-dublal-mah. SW wall, bricks with stamp of KurigalzuE-gig-par. NE faceSmall objects from E-gig-parEa relief from E-gig-parUr-Engur stela; fragments found NW of Ziggurat built into E. NannarMacehead from E-gig-parRuins from E-Nannar. N.W.of ZigguratRooms in E-Nannar. N. W. of ZigguratE-gig-par. Cutting through courtyard floor to find lower pavement and gate405 Plan of NE part of Temenos. Neo-Babylonian Period452 Fragment of Ur-Engur stela424 E-dublal-mah. Front viewE-dublal-mah. NE face after removing later mudbrick wallsE-dublal-mah; the arched doorwayCopper and stone foundation tablets of Warad SinCopper and stone foundation tablets of Warad SinE-dublal-mah. Rooms 5-8 of south wingBase in SW niche of Ningal Temple. Kurigalzu periodE-dublal-mah. Views across rooms SE of courtyardE-dublal-mah. Room 4. west wing:
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Page 2I cannot say that I am particularly impressed by the claim of special favour from the Baghdad Government. I do not take such claims seriously. I suppose that the Iraq Government is living p to the terms of the Mandate which specify that all archaeological interests must be accorded equal treatment whether they are British or American of Continental. The impression that I received myself when I was in Baghdad was that the Government is quite true to the spirit of the Mandate, that they are even anxious to avoid any appearance of partiality, and that no expedition has any right to claim specially favourable treatment. However, the curious fact remains that Dr. Chiera can point to the circumstance that he did not have to share his finds with the Baghdad Museum and that he was given a grant of money. I do not pretend to know what to make of these circumstances.Things are not made easier for me. They have been made more difficult, in fact, ever since we began. Nevertheless, I am happy to be able to say that we have already a pledge for the entire amount of our half share not only for this year but for 1926-27 as well. Another very encouraging sign is that the British Museum last year was able to place a large surplus in the fund at the Eastern Bank against the possible requirements of the expedition. They, of course, have an easier task than we have because they get at least a part of their share in the fund from the Government whereas we have to raise every cent through private appeal, which is always hard work.I want you to know that in spite of our difficulties, we are able to start the new year with such an encouraging outlook for excavating at Ur and for the development of your Section of the Museum. With the interest that our exhibition will be sure to create and the fact that we have funds in hand for two years in advance, the situation is not unsatisfactory.I would be very much obliged to you if,:
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Page 2I note by your letter that your exhibition closes at the end of September, so that I feel that we can look forward to receiving the exhibit in good time for our opening in December. With my best regards,Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, EnglandP.S. As Woolley evidently had some understanding with Dr. Hall about the objects to be sent, I presume that he will now be taking action accordingly. I am not going to write to him but leave it to you to arrange with him for sending the entire exhibit. Dr. Legrain mentioned to me certain bricks that have footprints of men and dogs. I ask that these be sent together with the other things. I am interested because we have a lot of bricks from Nippur with similar footprints and I am inclided to think that it was done not accidentally but intentionally. I would like to make some comparison between them. Dr. Legrain had some difficulty in engaging passage on the Mediterranean although none so far as the Atlantic was concerned. He left here on the first of the month, expecting to sail from Brindisi on the nineteenth and to reach Beyrout on the thirtieth. This will make him a few days later than Woolley asked for, but it could not be helped. I cabled you to this effect at the time of his leaving.:
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Page 2incorporate in this volume the Sumerian inscriptionswhich have come from our Joint expedition at Ur, avolume of which is now in press. He has asked whetherhe might have the advanced proof of that part of thevolume which covers the Sumerian inscriptions. Some days ago, Dr. Legrain returned to Mr. Smith the galleyproof which was sent him for any correction which hemight find it necessary to make. We, of course, didnot feel at liberty to submit this proof to Dr. Bartonwithout your consent. Should you feel that Dr.Barton's request should be granted, perhaps you wouldhave sent to us when ready the final proof of theinscriptions. Dr. Legrain has told me that he has nopersonal objection to Dr. Barton making use of theinscriptional material in the manner which I have stated but we are agreed that your wishes in thematter must be consulted.Very sincerely yours[unsigned]SIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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Page 2It is a very suitable acknowledgment of his fine service and it cannot fail to help the interest in American Archaeology. It also makes an interesting and most instructive exhibit.Let me thank you again for your letter which is both kind and generous.Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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Page 2kind of a concession from the Turkish authorities and wanted the Museum to send him to Asia Minor to excavate. He represented himself as being on very intimate and confidential relations with the Turkish Government. It is possible that the report to which you refer may have arisen from some talk of this kind. What his relations with the Turkish Government may be, I of course, do not know.I thank you very heartily for your good wishes, and I only hope that you will have a very happy New Year. The discoveries of the first month certainly look very promising from Woolley's report.Very sincerely yours,GB Gordon Dr. Leon Legrain c/o Eastern Bank, Ltd. Basra, Iraq:
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Page 2machine with a selection of thirty records, together with twelve books. I do not know whether you care for music but I do know that Dr. Legrain enjoys it very much. I hope that the instrument will not be unwelcome also to yourself and to the other members of the Expedition. If you really dislike music, I suppose that you can build another house for Dr. Legrain with bricks from the Ziggurat at a safe distance in the desert. As we understand that your Ishmaelites are all musical, we have included a selection of Arabic songs in the records chosen. The books are not of much importance. I have read only one or two of them myself, but I can recommend Asaf Khan. These books I hope may make an acceptable addition to the Expedition Library. I shall have some anxiety about this box until I know that it has been safely received by you and therefore, I ask you now to cable me when you have received it. If you will remember to cable as follows:ANTIQUE PHILADELPHIA RECEIVEDI will understand your message and will be relieved by it. Very sincerely yoursDirectorMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYDirector of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the University MuseumUr, Iraq:
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Page 2more familiar with the situation.I also mentioned to Mr. Woolley thewish of the Managers of the University Museumto include an American in the staff of theJoint Expedition for the coming season. He expressed himself agreeable to this. Although it is somewhat late in the year to find some-one for work this autumn, I have several men in mind who would be competent to carry onthe work and I shall shortly discuss the possi-bilities of gaining their services; meanwhile Ishould be very much pleased to hear what youthink of the propriety of making such an addi-tion to the staff of the expedition. We shouldbe prepared of course to pay the salary of sucha man apart from our share in the expeditionbudget. We placed the finds of the 1927-28season on view ten days ago. They have been well received by the public and have aroused widespread interest. Some very satisfactoryresults came from our efforts to reclaim certainof the silver objects in our share of the findsby electrolytic process. It is particularlygratifying to see the public interest in the objects in the exhibition which have been lentby the British Museum. It is regarded as a mark of especial courtesy on the part of your country that they are shown in Philadelphia and thus there is a present benefit in addition tothe artistic and scholarly value of the finds. Pray remember me most kindly yo Mr. and Mrs. Woolley and let me hear from you shouldthere be any doubts in your mind about our posi-tion in regard to the affairs of the Joint Expedition. Yours sincerely Horace H. F. JayneDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYON Director:
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Page 2Mr. Woolley's reports total .......... £4326- 8- 3Actual totals should be ................4331- 2- 0A difference of ..........................£4-13- 9one half of which should be borne by us...£2- 6-11In Mr. Woolley's statement, the amount of interest on bank balances .................................£2- 4- 0and the proceeds from the sale of reports................................36- 6- 0from the season 1926-26, were not entered..............................£38-10- 0Our share of this sum should be ..........19- 5- 0Making a difference of ..................£16-18- 1as stated above.To make the matter clear for your accountant, I amenclosing a statement showing how we have arrived at thefigures given above.The Al 'Ubaid volumes arrived safely. I think we may be justly proud of this first volume of the Series on our work in Mesopotamia. It is a very fine piece of work indeed.Dr. Harrison is still very ill - indeed, I do not believe that there isany hope of his recovery.Dr. Lagrain has recently returned from abroad and has told usof his visit to your Museum and of the interesting exhibition in your galleries of the finds from last season's dig at Ur.Very sincerely yoursSecretarySIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British Museum:
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Page 2named in memory of Mr. Eckley Brinton Coxe. I wish that you could have paid us a visit about the time of the Opening and have seen the exhibition for yourself but I know that you are going to be otherwise occupied.With best regards and hoping that you will have a safe return to London, I remainVery sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.The British MuseumLondon:
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Page 2necessarily based on imperfect knowledge of conditions.This was quite intelligible, though much dissatisfaction was expressed owing to the change of plan in themiddle of the season's work.After receiving Mr. Woolley's estimates inLondon after last summer, I felt justified by all of Woolley'sstatements, in writing that the estimates for thesecond year were based on intimate knowledge and thatonly in case of some new and unexpected developmentwould there be any possibility of an extra demand.My statement was accepted and provision made on thatbasis. When, therefore, in February a demand camefor an extra appropriation, I was extremely embarrassed and found it difficult to give any satisfactory explanation. I made such representations as I couldand the extra appropriation was allowed, but it is onlyfair for me to say that the circumstance did not inspireconfidence in the expedition. To a Board that hasbeen accustomed to conducting the work of the Museumon a strictly budget basis, this effect was not unnatural, as you will readily understand.Worst of all in its effects was the factthat immediately after the new demand for funds hadbeen met and after my assurance had been repeatedlygiven that very important discoveries were beingmade and that we could depend on a fair share of thefinds, there came long despatches from London,printed in all the papers here, stating with apparentauthority and much emphasis that the Government atBaghdad had retained all of the important objectsfound by the Joint Expedition. These despatches,whatever their source or authority may have been,were commented upon at length editorially in theleading papers and in very unfavourable and discouraging terms. You will observe that the effect wasprecisely the same whether the despatches were trueor false. Once a statement has been given currencyin the newspapers, it is quite impossible to overtakeit or to counteract it, either in the minds of thosewith whom I am directly in touch or with the publicin general. The result has been that the supportersof the Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia have beendiscouraged:
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Page 2not say that what you tell us will be treated with the greatest confidence. I know of no one better fitted than yourself to guide us in the choice of a Director and we would be most grateful for any help that you could give us.I received your letter with the good news of Mr. Woolley's latest find. We are eagerly awaiting his full report.With my best regards, I remainVery sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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Page 2Now for the other news. I have been asked, and have agreed, to come over to the States next spring and give lectures on theresults of the Joint Expedition. This will give me an opportunity, which I've long desired, of getting to Philadelphia, and I havearranged with the lecture agency that apart from any programmethey may make up for me I shall, as a person attached to the Museum, give at least three lectures to the University. I can't suggestdates at present but will do as soon as possible. I hope to getacross about March 14th, so it will be some time after that. Ihave told the agency to communicate with you in order to save time,but I wished you to know about it from me first! and I hope that you will welcome the arrangement. Of course it saves the Museum andthe expedition any expense such as would have been incurred had Icome over specially and I think that the result ought to be just the same.I'll write again soon but must catch this mail.With my best regards, Yours sincerely(Signed) C. LEONARD WOOLLEY:
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Page 2over the accounts of Mr. Woolley which youenclosed with your letter. I have no doubtthat they will be found correct.I remainVery sincerely yoursSecretarySIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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Page 2that I may to this extent anticipate events and assume that the British Museum will be successful in raising £2500. in time to enable you to take the field during the coming season. I certainly hope so, for I am entirely in accord with you in the opinion that an expedition with inadequate funds is a mistake and that it cannot justify itself. Your plan to raise [in Iraq] any part of the funds for the Expedition for either share or both is one to which I cannot give my assent. It seems to me that the matters of which I now remind you are not unimportant and I feel that I can write the more freely to you because it will naturally be your purpose and your desire to divide your time and your services and your interest equally between the two Museums that are supporting you and that are responsible for the Expedition of which you are in charge. As it has been our practice to assemble the collections first in London for examination and exhibition and since it is too far for you to travel to this country each season, it is inevitable that to some extent you should unconsciously find yourself perhaps more identified with the British Museum than with this Museum. Since, however, you know that this is not the case in reality, it will naturally be your aim to guard against all such appearances. I have therefore to request your particular attention to the following matters.A. During former years, certain drawings were prepared by members of the Joint Expedition, or on behalf of the Joint Expedition. These drawings were exhibited in the British Museum. I refer particularly to:
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Page 2them of your desire to go over the plans with them. Except for the construction of a fireplace at one end of the room, the architects will do nothing until they shall have had a conference with you.Mr. Appleget paid us a visit on behalf of Mr. Rockefeller. The purpose of the visit appears to have been to learn whether or not Dr. Gordon had ever come to a definite understanding with Mr. Kelekian with regard to the price of the Assyrian sculptures, and also to assure us that when the collection was purchased by Mr. Rockefeller he had no knowledge of the fact that Mr. Kelekian had mentioned to us a date of January 1, 1928 as that on which he would feel free to dispose of the collection or of his later promise to me that he would take no steps to sell the collection until he had definite word from us that we could not acquire it. Our conference was a very pleasant one; it was thought best by Mr. McMichael, Mr. Borie and myself that we should be perfectly frank with Mr. Appleget and I therefore gave him full information on the matter of our relations with Kelekian in connection with the sculptures. Mr. Appleget asked the question as to whether I thought we could have purchased the collection, if given time, at say $250,000. I told him of our great desire to have the sculptures and of the promise of one contribution of $50,000. from a friend of the Museum, also that the Board might have seen its way to appropriate a sum of $25,000. a year for their purchase. The statement with reference to this annual appropriation was made following a suggestion to this effect by Mr. McMichael who may have had in mind the income of the George Leib Harrison Foundation which Dr. Harrison arranged for more:
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Page 2This represents a difference of £782.11.7 between your figures for the British Museum and Kenyon's figures.Very sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.The British MuseumLondon, England:
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Page 2those assigned to the British Museum to your cuneiformists. Some method can then be arranged for dividing the Baghdad share between the two. This I understand to be the thought in your mind.As to the format, whatever the scholars preparing the parts themselves are agreed upon as the most useful for themselves and their colleagues would, I suppose, be all right and I rather suspect that they would be in favor of a portfolio.With regard to the commercial aspect of the business, first let me say that I am entirely in accord with your later suggestion that it will be best that all parts should be issued by both Museums, costs and receipts to be shared equally.As to copyright, a publication not printed in America cannot be copyrighted here. That, however, is a detail which need not be considered.I will be best, I believe, to have all printing done in England. There is no font of cuneiform type at all in this country. Costs could be kept down considerably in this way. There will be a small import duty to pay on all copies imported by us and we will have to assume that additional expense.If there are any other points that occur to you and that remain to be cleared up, I will be glad if you will let me know.The exhibition has been installed but not yet opened. The weather has remained exceedingly rough and stormy and cold and there has been an epidemic of influenza from which we are still suffering. Many people left for the South and we have decided to postpone the opening of the new wing until the middle of May when we may expect warmer weather and when people will have returned for a time before leaving town for the summer. I think that the Ur exhibit:
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Page 2wall again and traced it for some distance. I then put the men to work at the south end of Dr. Hall's dig and found a second gateway of which he had cleared one side only; in this case the hinge-stone found in situ was uninscribed. Under both gates ranelaborate brick drains; that below the Bur-Sin gate was built by Nebuchadrezzar, and has been followed up right past the NW gate of E-Nun-Mah, whence probably it runs on to drain the area in front of the ziggurat. It is well constructed with bitumen mortar and provided with catchments at intervals. Thedrain below the other gate has not yet been followed up. From the section dug by Dr. Hall the temenos has now been traced 160 M. to its east corner, and for 140 M. along its SE front; only superficial work has been attempted, but in one place where a cross-section has been made the mud brick is found to be standing to a height of three metres.This tracing out of the temenos wall, which has yet to be completed, has given a completely new aspect to the site as a whole, and other discoveries related to it have further corrected our views.My first trial trench, dug when work here began, came up against the mud-brick wall shown in Dr. Hall's plan (fig. 4.) as running behind and parallel to his large building \"B\". This was found to have a strongly battered and buttressed face of burnt brick standing three metres high; it was immediately obvious that this was not the wall of another building lying south of \"B\" but the wall of the terrace on which \"B\" stood. In front of it was a big drain of burnt brick built by Dungi, which apparently leads to a brick rain-water well just inside the temenos wall, and gives the line of a street. The wall is now being followed to its return. During this month I have cleared a opaved entry-court running along the SE front of E-Nun-Mah and find that the wall bounding it on the south is a buttressed exterior wall. In the wall of \"B\" Mr. Smith has found stamped bricks proving that the building is not the palace E-Harsag but the great Nannar temple. Dr. Hall's building is really the sanctuary of that temple, which, on the analogy of the smaller temple E-Nun-Mah cleared by us must have had outbuildings of very considerable extent. I have no doubt that Dr. Hall's \"Mud brick\" wall represents the SE boundary of the temple proper, and that it reached to the buttressed wall front on the E-Nun-Mah courtyard on the NW.; along the NE. its wall must have been roughly parallel to that of the temenos, a point which I hope to settle in the near future. Instead of the temenos being a wide open space with isolated buildings scattered about it, we must expect a complex of buildings linked up with each other which would have presented a solid and defensible front to an enemy who might have forced the temenos wall.In spite of the diversion to the temenos wall, a considerable amount of work has been done on the E-Nun-Mah site, and the area cleared has been largely increased. The plan though still incomplete, has now taken on a fairly definite form; the west corner and the NW. front remain to be cleared, but this I hope to do immediately; the photograph sent herewith shows the plan of the building as reconstructed by Kudur-mabug, which in virtually:
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Page 2well preserved considering its antiquity; it is solidly constructed of unbaked rectangular (not planeconvex) bricks and its foundations go down to a considerable depth, though by no means to virgin soil. The authorship of this building is still unknown to us. It probably had a long life, and at some time or other it was patched by a king who used bsked bricks for his work, but again we can as yet give no names. UR ENGUR certainly did some work on the site, but no definite part of the building can be attributed to him. A more radical change was made when the unbaked brick wall of the platform was pulled down and replaced by a wall of baked brick. Later still this wall was razed and rebuilt, apparently by KUDUR-MABAG, c. 2000 B.C., and at the same time the whole temple was reconstructed in burnt brick; the level of the platform was raised, the old mud-brick walls were destroyed down to the new level, and the new walls were religiously erected on precisely the same lines. Actually wherever we find burnt brick walls of early date, we find mud-brick walls corresponding to them at a lower level.Perhaps soon after RIM-SIN's time, perhaps as late as the time of KURI-GALSU, who certainly did some repairs to the temple (c.1580B.C.) the floors of the priests8 chambers were relaid, and as a strengthening to the clay surface there were thrown out quantities of out-of-date and broken stone objects dedicated by former kings. But the main lines of the building remained unchanged till the days of NEBUCHADREZZAR. This king remodelled the old shrine. In the sanctuary itself he respected the ancient walls built by KUDUR-MABAG, the only relayed the floors at their original level with bricks stamped with his name (fig.3.). But he swept away most of the ancient priests' chambers, and over their ruins spread a wide brick-paved court probably extending beyond the original platform wall to new buildings as yet undiscovered by us. One result of this was that the floor of the shrine proper was lower than that of the surrounding courtyard. This inconvenience was remedied by the next restorer of the temple, NABONIDUS, who repaved the sanctuary at the same level as that of NEBUCHADREZZAR's courtyard, which he retained, only patching it where necessary and cutting off a part of it to build thereon new small rooms for the temple servants. The last repairs would seem to have been carried out early in the Persian period. Above this level a thick stratum of ashes appears to bear witness to a systematic destruction effected by the iconoclastic kings of the Zoroastrian faith.Very much work remains to be done on this site, which is one of the greatest interest; at present less than half of the plan has been made out, and I have not started to look for foundation-deposits, etc. But already the museum objects secured have surpassed our expectations. A number of hinge-stones for doors, with royal inscriptions, have been found in situ. Quantities of unbaked tablets have been discovered under the floors, and though many of these are in so bad a condition as to be useless, yet a considerable number will with proper treatment prove of value. From the debris of the temple treasuries thrown out to make the floor foundation came masses of fragments of vases in alabaster, marble, granite, steatite and other stones which will, I hope, yield a certain proportion of more or less complete specimens; amongst them are pieces inscribed with the names etc. of kings of the Third Dynasty of UR, of the AGADE kings, and possibly of the First:
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Page 2were a lamp, an oval boat-shaped bowl and a hemisphericalbowl all of solid gold (or electrum?), each inscribed withthe name of the owner, Mes-Kalam-Dug. Over the head wasthe most remarkable object yet found in our excavations, a peruque in solid gold, life-size and intended to beworn on the head; the hair is beautifully engraved, thereis a bandeau round the forehead, ant the head-dressdescends over the cheeks to the level of the chin, repre -senting whiskers. A two-headed gold axe lay by theshoulder.Beyond all question this is the finest discoverythat has yet been made in Mesopotamian archaeology, andI have the greatest satisfaction in reporting it to youas the result of your Expedition. I hope that by nextweek's Air Mail I may be able to send you a fuller accountand illustrations of the principal objects, and alsoreports for the Press. Might I venture to ask that thenews should be as far as possible withheld from the publicuntil I have had the time to work out a fuller and moredetailed account?Trusting that you will be pleased with this measureof success at the start of the season, I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant, [signed] C. Leonard Woolley:
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Page 2which the press is already asking for. I am also preparing from your several reports an article for the next number of the MUSEUM JOURNAL.Very sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, Esq.c/o The DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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Page 2which throw a new light on the earliest known civilization. The excavation of the main courtyard below the tower was begun and awaits further work.The excavation of the city of Ur is yet untouched and the complete excavation of the temple remains to be finished.The work of the Museum's Expedition at Beisan, the ancient Bethshan of the Bible, which was the first exploration in Palestine after the War, completed at the end of 1927 its sixth year of excavation. During these campaigns nine city levels covering the period from 1500 B.C. to the Twelfth Century A.D. were uncovered. The historical periods represented by these levels include those of the invasion and occupation of the city by the Egyptians, the Philistines, the Israelites, the Assyrians, the Scythians, the Persians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Arabs and the Crusaders.The excavations at Beisan have yielded objects of great historical importance, severalof[sic, but there is a line pencilled between the two words] the inscriptions on the monuments throwing light upon passages in the Old Testament, such as the monument containing an inscription referring to the Pharaoh Rameses the Great having gathered together certain Semites to build the City of Rameses in the Nile Delta, which appears to agree with the passage in Exodus I, II.In planning the Expeditions to Ur of the Chaldees and to Beisan, it was the hope of the Board of Managers to continue excavations on these sites for a period of not less than ten years. Six years have now been spent at each site and if a thorough and systematic piece of work is to be done, four seasons will be all too short to complete the excavations. To continue the work at Ur and at Beisan on the same scale as the last year or two, we must provide at least $35,000. a year. This sum will not take care of the publication of the results of the expeditions, special provision for which will have to be made.This Museum being the first institution in this country to send out organized expeditions to excavate Biblical sites in Babylonia and Palestine desires to continue its work in these countries. Upon the completion of the excavations at Ur and Beisan it is the hope of the Board to continue its work at other historical sites, such as the City of Erech which would require at least fifteen years to uncover, this being one of the greatest sites known. Such a campaign would, of course, depend upon the financial resources of the Museum and could be made possible only by the generous support of its friends.The total cost of the expeditions to Mesopotamia and Palestine to this point have been $184,600. This sum has:
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Page 2[?\"der\" missing in continuation?] stood by us all in London. I may state it as follows. In case of emergency, requiring prompt decision where you need authorization from the Institutions responsible for the Expedition, you should appeal to the British Museum as being the nearest and best informed on conditions in Mesopotamia.In all cases affecting the conduct of your work where you need authorization, but where there is no need for immediate decision, the two Institutions will, I presume, consult together after having your report.Very sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, Esq.c/o The Director of theBritish MuseumLondon, England:
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Page 3 same amount of fund as last year if you are still minded to go on with the work on that basis. With best regards, Very sincerely yours SIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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Page 3all its details followed the original plan of the mud-brick walls (shewn in outline); that of the later (Nebuchadrezzar) temple has been satisfactorily recovered, but the plan is not yet in a sufficiently advanced stage for me to submit copies. I am gradually removing the upper strata of the ruins, leaving in situ only enough to show levels, and now the top remains left are those of Nebuchadrezzar's date; it is interesting to find that the Persians when repairing the sanctuary reproduced with scrupulous exactness all the details of Nebuchadrezzar's arrrangements, and the more intersting because the Persian building here (and therefore it's predecessor also) illustrates faithfully Herodotus' description of the (Persian period) temple of Bel at Babylon.While removing a Persian brick pavement which overlay one put down by Nebuchadrezzar we discovered a very important cache of treasure, - gold rings, bracelets, beads, earrings, loakets and pendants, a female statuette in gold, sliver vases, bracelets and rings, bronze vases, engraved seal-stones and great quantities of beads in lapis lazuli, carnelian, agate amethyst, malachite etc. Some of these are illustrated by the accompanying photographs. I send for comparison with these 6th-5th century objects photographs of the earlier (8th-7th century) jewellery found in November and reported by me already.As to our pottery finds, some fifty types are already on record, and evidence is beginning to accrue for the relative dating of some of these. This work, on which Mr. Lawrence is now engaged, is of great importance in view of the little that is known of the pottery of Mesopotamia.Tablets continue to turn up in considerable numbers. These are almost without exception of unbaked clay, and after their long burial in damp soil impregnated with salts they are generally in a lamentable state, difficult to distinguish from the surrounding earth and more difficult to extract from it, - though in this respect our workmen have developed an unexpected and gratifying skill. It is dangerous to handle and impossible to clean them, as the clay is soft while damp and powdery when dry, and they would certainly decompose if left to themselves. I have therefore adopted a means of dealing with them more elaborate, I imagine, than has before been attempted in the field, but amply justified by its results. The tablets, as found, are packed in tins in dry sand and baked in an improvised kiln heated by fuel oil. The majority can, after this baking, be brushed clean and left; if necessary they are treated with hydrochloric acid. Those which were badly flaked or disintegrated by salt action are, after careful cleaning, joined together and solidified with celluloid solution. I send photographs of four tablets, taken at random, before and after treatment; that labeled TT.B.17 illustrates the action of organic salts in an aggravated form, the others are normal examples.Mr. Smith reports as follows on the inscriptional material.\"An important new inscription has been found on two well-preserved gate-sockets recording building in E-Gis-Sir-Gal by Gimil-Ilishu,:
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Page 3been provided for by gifts as follows:[there is a table with expenditures; I don't know how to do tables so will do my best here]Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr....$45,000.Mr. Edward B. Robinette....$34,900.Mrs. Charles W. Henry....$20,000.Mr. Eldridge R. Johnson....$20,000.Various smaller contributions and interest on invested funds....$70,500.[the table has a line indicating summation of the figures]$190,400.Towards the Expeditions for 1928-1929 we have in cash and pledges a total of $22,000. and contingent upon Mr. Rockefeller's willingness to contribute $15,000. a year for a period of three years, the management of the Museum will undertake to provide an equal or greater amount for each of the three years.:
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Page 3drawings showing restorations of buildings at Tell el Obeid and of the Ziggurat at Ur. This Museum has as yet had no opportunity of exhibiting these drawings. It is our intention to have an exhibition of the findings at Ur and Tell el Obeid at the end of November and it will be our purpose to include in that exhibition the drawings to which I refer. I have therefore to request that you give your attention to this matter and make all arrangements before leaving London so that these drawings shall be despatched to this Museum in time to be received here not later than November 25.B. This Museum has received from you no complete set of the photographs made by last year's Expedition. We have received only the prints sent direct from Ur from time to time and given by us to the Press. I have to request you to send to this Museum a complete set of all the photographs made by the last Expedition. C. This Museum has never received from you any record of the total objects found at Ur or Tell el Obeid. I suggest that you devise some method by which complete copies of the register of objects found shall be placed in each of the two Museums at the close of each season's work. To my mind, it is right and proper that the Director of the Expedition should keep the original register in his own charge, but it is imperative that exact copies should be placed in the archives of the two Museums. D. I am writing today to the Director of the British Museum suggesting that instead of making a division of last year's:
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Page 3Dynasty of UR, though here the identification cannot yet be regarded as established. There are also complete mace-heads (fig. ) and vases decorated with carved reliefs are of the utmost value for the history of art; some of these are figured in the accompanying plates (figs. ). An elaborately carved ivory, consisting of two female figures carved in the round supporting a bowl, though of much later date, (it probably belongs to the 7th or 6th centuries) is of hardly less interest. Of larger stone objects, a limestone bust of Sumerian workmanship, unfortunately much weathered, and a fragment of a relief with a man and a bull, probably Chaldaean, are the most important; another small fragment with part of a scene of the storming of a town, is remarkable for its resemblance to Assyrian sculpture, hitherto unknown in the South, and gives hope of future discoveries.On the inscriptions Mr. Sidney Smith reports as follows:-\"The earliest inscriptions identifiable with certainty, found on maceheads and on a broken figured bowl, are of RIMUSH, king of AGADE about 2630 B.C. The discovery of several copies of a known inscription of UR-ENGUR on the site of the temple subsequently calledE-NUN-MAH seems to shew that the original name was E-TEMEN-NI-IL, and as the bricks lying about the building mostly bear the same inscription as that found on bricks of the first storey of the ziggurat, the work on this and on the temple site appear to have been contemporary. Dedications on votive objects of UR-ENGUR's time shew that the shrine was already sacred to NINGAL, the spouse of the moon-god. The name of DUNGI (or SHUL-GI) has as yet occurred only on votive objects, but some bricks of BUR-SIN have been found loose about the building; the two last kings of the Third Dynasty of UR are not represented in the inscriptions. Bricks of NUR-ADAD of the Larsa dynasty, c.2050 B.C. testify to his having built on the site of E-TEMEN-NI-IL, which he apparently renamed E-NUN-MAH. KUDUR-MABAG, \"Lord of Amurru\" wholly rebuilt the temple, and his bricks are found in the walls and loose all over the site. Bricks of his son ARAD-SIN also occur, and a votive tablet of RIM-SIN, his second son; this family must have ruled UR from c.2000 to 1925 B.C. The most important finds consist of a series of duplicates of a large clay cone containing KUDUR-MABAG's foundation inscription in the Sumerian language.Part of this king's temple was restored by KURIGALSU (probably I, c. 1580 B.C.) of the Cassite dynasty; an inscription of this king on a doorstone was found in situ and his bricks are found loose in certain rooms. The next inscriptions are those of NEBUCHADREZZAR II (604-562 B.C.), who laid pavements in various parts of the building; large voussoir bricks of his have also been found. NABONIDUS (555-538 B.C.) put in pavements and new walls the inscribed bricks wherein record his restoration of the ziggurat, whilst the inscription on the bricks of the NE. face of the ziggurat itself records his restoration of the temple E-NUN-MAH. A curious find in the rubbish of the NE. face of the temple is that of a fragmentary brick bearing bearing the name \"Cyrus, king of... son of ...Ca.....\".Only two other kings are represented on bricks found on the surface, namely ISHME-DAGAN of ISIN, c.2120 B.C. and SIN-IDDINAM of LARSA, c. 2010 B.C. An interesting pair of cones found in the first trial trench complete a known inscription of LIBIT-ISHTAR of:
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Page 3E-dublal-mah. NE faceUr-Engur stela fragments. NingalNingal temple. Room behind shrine shewing 3 periods of wall, and pots in floorNingal temple, general view. Sinbalatsa-ikbi periodE-dublal-mah. Pot buried by side of Ur-Engur base in courtyardExtracting tabletsIvory pyxis; best pieces restoredIvory pyxis of Phoenician workUr-Engur stela. Main fragment390 Pl.X-B Stone and metal objects. U2070, bronze dagger; U2854, bronze figure; U2853,2867, bronze dogs; U2866, fragment of bronze relief (thunderbolt?), all found under the pavement of E-gig-par.U2618 bronze ingot from NW of Ziggurat Bronze and flint arrowheads373 Kuduru371 Kuduru364 Pl.II-A The staircase of the sallyport in the fort built by Warad Sin340 Pl.VIII-B Stela of the Third Dynasty period found under the arched doorway of E-dublal-mah on the Nabonidus threshold346 Pl.III-B East corner of the great courtyard building. Burnt brick foundations of Kurigalzu's building; below, mudbrick wall decorated with recesses and three-quarter column344 Fragments of ivory pyxis as found322 E-gig-par. General view316 Ur-Engur terrace wall below Ziggurat315 Ur-Engur's terrace wall below Ziggurat314 Terrace wall of Ziggurat, Ur-Engur309 General view of late buildings. NW of Ziggurat. Persian period The House of Nannar. NE of Ziggurat. Neo-Babylonian. The sanctuary:
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Page 3I have used every available means to counteract these adverse influences, but it will be clear to you that you have two very great advantages over me in this respect. You are able to make in the British Museum each season an impressive exhibit of the finds at Ur including all of the discoveries made and thereby bringing the results of the work favourably before the public and demonstrating their value. I[stricken single letter], on my part, can produce no such exhibition either for the information of my supporters, or for the information of the newspapers, or for the information of the general public. You are able to produce the evidence, I am not. Also Mr. Woolley's lectures in London after each season's work, taken in connection with the exhibition, give people something to think about and call favourable attention to the work. In these respects I am handicapped. I thought once of arranging for Woolley to come here to lecture at the expense of this Museum but that has proved impossible since no lectures are attended here after the end of march. I mention these facts not to call attention to the inequality of the benefits derived from the expedition but that you may be able to understand my last letter.In reading your correspondence carefully it is not quite clear to me whether you desire that the Expedition to Ur should be regarded as a British Museum Expedition financed partly by this Museum or whether you wish it understood to be in reality a Joint Expedition. In your letter of July 11, I read the following: \"We shall be very glad to have Legrain\" and farther on: \"We shall be only too glad to have American cooperation in the matter of personnel.\" From these expressions it would appear that you wish the Expedition to be regarded as a British Museum Expedition with American help and cooperation. I do not know that there is any objection to this view of the matter. Indeed perhaps it may be best. Only it was not our original understanding. In any case it would be just as well to be quite clear on this point. In your Annual Report for Official Use, of which you have been good enough:
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Page 3lapis lazuli and the manes, waved across the chests, represented in lapis and shell. Two large panthers' heads of silver stood out from the front uprights, and in front of these a rail ran for the width of the body decorated with smaller silver heads and with inlay. In front of the chariot lay the bodies of the two asses which had drawn it, their copper collars ornamented with an eye design, and on the pole between them was the rein-ring of silver surmounted by a \"mascot\" of electrum in the form of a donkey which for realistic modeling must rank as one of the masterpieces of ancient art. We had never hoped to recover from the salt-laden soil of Iraq the design of things so perishable as these; now for the first time we can realize the extraordinary richness of the furniture which a Sumerian king might possess in the middle of the fourth millennium before Christ.Behind the chariot lay a gaming-board, not so richly decorated as that found last season but made more interesting by the fact that beneath it were placed in neat piles the two sets of playing-pieces and the dice; one set of \"men\" is composed of simple black squares inlaid with five dots each, the other is of shell squares engraved with animal scenes; one set of dice is of shell with lapis dots, the other of lapis with gold dots.A large chest, originally perhaps a clothes-chest, of wood bearing a long panel of figured mosaic,:
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Page 3looks very well and will attract a good deal of attention. We are trying to arrange to have the opening under the most favourable conditions.With my best regards,Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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Page 3Our thought would be that Dr. Legrain should be second in command of the expedition and take charge if and when Mr. Woolley should be absent from the works, and that he be authorized to draw against the fund, so that his drafts may be honoured by the Eastern Bank if anything should happen to Mr. Woolley.I believe that this is all that there is any occasion for me to say now. In order that you may not be kept waiting any longer for an indication of what is in our minds, I am sending you today the following cable:PREPARED CONTINUE WORK UR STOP CONSIDERING WE HAVE PAID TWO THIRDS COST DURING TWO SEASONS WE FEEL IT WOULDBE FAIR THAT EACH MUSEUM PAY HALF COST OF NEW EXPEDITION STOP LETTER FOLLOWS AQUITANIAWith my best regards and good wishes,Very truly yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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Page 3poorer in quality, is uniform with that of the matting tombs. It is tempting to assume that here we have evidence of the mixture of races, Sumerian and Semitic, which throughout the historical period characterises the Euphrates Valley. In many of the graves the head is found to be resting on a pile of clean sand: the modern Arab of southern Mesopotamia has no such practice, but in northern Syria whenever a man is buried a basketful of clean sand, fetched if possible from the river, is spread beneath his head, and the parallel may well be one argument more for an early cultural connection between Sumeria and the North. The most remarkable object found during the month is only a fragment, the lower part of a square limestone plaque meant to be hung against a wall - - it was found just outside the ruins of a building contemporary with the later graves. Carved on it in very fine relief, as sharp today as when it was cut, is a scene perhaps of funeral procession of an ancient king. It shows a chariot drawn by four lions; one man walks ahead as if to guide the animals, another walking behind holds the reins: the chariot itself is empty but a leopard's skin is flung over it and to the front of it are tied the two spears, the quiverful of arrows and the battleaxe which may be the dead king's armoury. It is the earliest piece of stone sculpture that we possess from this country, and primitive though it be it shows no lack of trained skill on the artist's part. A little panther's head carved in shell with inlaid eyes and lolling red tongue recalls the great copper lions' heads discovered by Dr. Hall at al Ubaid, though those are of a later date. Finished technique of another sort is manifested by delicate work in gold and silver, filigree or cloisonne pendants set with lapis lazuli and carnelian, intricately:
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Page 3than a year ago. I got the impression, whether correctly or not, that before making a settlement with Kelekian, Mr. Rockefeller wanted to be assured that at no time had we come to an understanding with Kelekian as to the price of the sculptures or had definitely committed ourselves as to their purchase. Do you not feel that we must now await further action on the part of Mr. Rockefeller?The visit of Mr. Appleget, which was his first to the Museum, has I believe gained a friend for us. He was interested in our collections from Ur and Beisan and in what Dr. Legrain told him of the results of the two expeditions at these sites, towards which Mr. Rockefeller has contributed $45,000. I believe that his visit will be helpful to us should we again appeal to Mr. Rockefeller for a continuation of his generous support of our work in the East.Mr. Loo from whom we purchased the frescoes now in Harrison Hall believes that he has the missing scene in our frescoes on the west wall. He came to the Museum on Monday and saw Mr. Borie and Mr. McMichael. It was decided that he should send the fresco on to us so that we might see whether or not it really is a part of our own. If it should be, we feel that we must make every effort to acquire it.I hope that you are having good weather in the south and that you are feeling the benefit of your release from the many cares that fall to your lot when at home.Very truly yours[signed;: JMMcH]:
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Page 3without going out of your way, you should quietly make some inquiries about the circumstances under which Dr. Chiera enjoys the privileged position in Iraq. We have no thought of sending him to Mesopotamia. It is as much as we can do to finance our part of the Expedition to Ur, but it would be interesting for me know privately what there may be back of the representations that have been made to me and to others.You may show this letter to Woolley if you choose. Otherwise, I think it might as well be regarded as confidential.With my best regards,Very sincerely yoursGB GordonDr. Leon Legrain c/o Eastern Bank, Ltd. Basra, Iraq:
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Page 4467 Ningal temple. Kurigalzu period461 Detail from Ur-Engur stela460 Detail from Ur-Engur stela450 E-dublal-mah. View in NE wing459 Detail of Ur-Engur stela452 Pl.XVI-B The steal of Ur-Engur. Scene of sacrifice and taking omens442462 Fragment of limestone statuette from Ningal temple441 Diorite head of priest from Ningal temple439437 Ningal temple. Sanctuary steps. Sinbalatsu-ikbi period435 E-dublal-mah. East doorway of courtyard before clearing the Processional Way433 Nin-gal Temple. Room behind sanctuary. Nebuchadnezzar period432 Pl.IV-A Ruins of the Ningal temple, late period, shewing floors of Sinbalatsu-ikbi and Nabonidus431 Utu-negal inscription429 Ningal temple. Courtyard and well-head. Sinbalatsu-ikbi period428 Ningal temple. Sinbalatsu-ikbi period. General view427 Ningal temple. General view424 Pl.XIV-B E-dublal-mah. The sanctuary from courtyard422 Digdiggeh terracottasDigdiggeh terracottas421 Digdiggeh terracottas420 Utu-Negal inscription411 E-dublal-mah. Tablets in si tu below pavement406 (Plan. The E-gig-par of Nabonidus, incorporating E-dublal-mah)404 (Plan. Buildings of Kuri-galzu and Sinbalatsu-ikbi)403 (Plan. Building of the Larsa Kings)402 (Plan. Buildings of Ur-Engur):
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Page 4finds at this time, we postpone that division until something more tangible shall be found to balance against the big stela. In the meantime, I am requesting that the big stela be exhibited in this Museum after having been exhibited in the British Museum. This would seem to me to be a fair arrangement. I am assuming that you have decided that all of the pieces of stela found last year belong to one sculpture. If to two, I would request both for our exhibition. Of course I have not had time to receive Kenyon's views on this subject but have the best of hopes that they will be in accord with the representations I have made to him.The stela should arrive in Philadelphia not later than the 25th of November next. As it is still the property of the Joint Expedition and not the property of either Museum, it obviously remains in your charge and you are therefore the one to attend to its shipment to this country. In case there are any other objects among last year's discoveries which in your judgment ought to be transferred for exhibition in this Museum without division and pending division at a future time, I request that you send them also. It is of special importance that the exhibition of Ur finds which we intend to open at the end of November should be as large and as interesting as it is possible to make it. Having made a successful exhibition in the British Museum, you will be equally interested and will find it also to your credit and advantage to make a successful exhibition in this Museum. You will thereby add to the distinguished service you have already rendered to archaeology. Upon receipt of this letter, it will:
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Page 4made gold chains and, perhaps most of all, by an imitation, a head-band which has all the appearance of a chain but is really made with dour strands of twisted wire soldered together side by side and so has the rigidity suited to its purpose which a genuine link-made chain would lack. The wealth of gold is surprising; not only beads and diadems are of the precious metal, but also long pins and such things as toilet-tweezers and stilettos, even a tiny medical spoon. Of engraved seals we are getting a fine collection, and on them too the carving is often admirable. Silver vessels, lamps and bowls, are found, and copper vessels with a wide range of shapes are very common; generally these are plain, but some examples are fluted after the fashion of Greek work of the fifth century B.C. It is hardly and exaggeration to say that further back in time our excavations carry us in Mesopotamia the higher is the civilization which they illustrate; now in the middle of the fourth millennium before Christ we find work which the age of Nebuchadnezzar - halfway between that day and ours - could not surpass, and the crude beginnings of culture and art are still very far to seek.C. LEONARD WOOLLEY:
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Page 4the dynasty of ISIN, c. 2100 B.C., and this may point to another important shrine in E-GIS-SIR-GAL, namely that called E-GIG-KISAL.In the precincts of E-NUN-MAH large number of unbaked tablets, mostly fragmentary, have been found; those as yet examined belong to the period of the third dynasty of UR and of the dynasty of ISIN. On another site there came to light a few tablets of the Persian period dated to the reign of ARTAXES.\"It is of course impossible at this stage of the work to submit to you a plan of the ruins being excavated.A few photographs of the site and of objects accompany this report by was of illustration; it will be understood that they are only such rough prints as pressure of other work allows me to produce.C. LEONARD WOOLLEY:
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Page 4to send me a copy, giving the general progress of the Museum for the year 1923, on page 5, you refer to the \"Museum Expedition to Mesopotamia\", and on page 8, the work of this Expedition was \"supported jointly by the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.\" Whenever I have had occasion to refer to the Expedition, I have invariably called it the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the University Museum to Mesopotamia. I do not wish at all to convey the impression that I have any criticism to make, but I think that there should be uniformity of practise and understanding.I have just sent you a cable which reads as follows:CABLE AMOUNT WOOLLEYS ESTIMATE NEXT YEARS WORKIt is now the season when everybody is away, but upon receipt of your answer I will see what I can do.Very truly yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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Page 4unfortunately almost entirely decayed, formed the centre of a further deposit of offerings. Against it were piled stone vases, jars of white calcite of alabaster, great bell-shaped steatite bowls, a circular pomade-box with close-fitting lid of steatite, two straight-sided pots with carved decoration derived from basket work, a vase of black and white granite, an oval bowl carved from a large block of obsidian and a spouted cup of lapis lazuli, altogether there were some forty of these. One very charming object was a small semi-circular silver box with a lid of inlay work, a lion in white shell engraved with red set against a lapis background; close to this was a little gold toilet set of stiletto and tweezers on a gold ring. There were a few copper tools and weapons, the most interesting being a pair of axes of a very primitive type such as are represented on shell reliefs found at Kish, the long blades of copper and the attachment to the wooden handle of gold; more surprising was a set of gold chisels and a full-size saw also of gold, perhaps the last thing one would have expected to find in that metal. At one end of the box lay a scepter of lapis and gold; amongst the stone vases were two large silver lions' heads, probably the ornaments of a wooden stool; at the other end of the box was a mass of vessels more or less carefully arranged according to material. There were piles of copper bowls and tumblers, one inside the other; facing these were fifteen silver tumblers nested in sets of five, silver bowls, round and oval, also piled together:
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Page 5 most English establishments in the country are provided with electric light, and the natives are content with the minimum of illumination.I should observe that a very large proportion of my grant for this season's work has been expended on permanent assets of the Expedition; indeed, next year the preliminary expenses will be quite small, as the Expedition is now well equipped; I can only hope that even without taking that fact into account the results of this year's work may be held to justify the total amount spent on attaining them.Trusting that you will be satisfied with the above report of the progress of your Expedition during the last month, I have the honour to be, Sir, Your very obedient Servant,(signed) C. Leonard Woolley Director of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the University Museum of Philadelphia to Mesopotamia:
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Page 5315 Pl.I-B The mudbrick terrace wall of Ur-Engur; detail, shewing cones protruding from the wall face316 Pl.I-A The mudbrick terrace wall of Ur-Engur. View looking SW. In background, ruins of Persian buildings411 Pl.XII-B Tablets in situ under the floor of room 8, E-dublal-mah437 Pl.IV-B The Ningal temple: steps leading to the sanctuary. Sinbalatsu-ikbi period 441 Pl.VI-A Diorite head of priest. Ningal temple447 Pl.XV-A E-dublal-mah. The sanctuary from the south corner448 Pl.XIII-B E-dublal-mah. View from the \"Processional Way\" into the courtyard.467 Pl.V-A Ningal temple, period of Kurigalzu. Brick alter in background455 E-dublal-mah. View from gateway of Ningal StreetDr. Legrain and 3 ArabsU 2757 inscribed cone331 Pl.XIV-A E-dublal-mah. Arch of the time of Kurigalzu in the NE wall of the sanctuaryCones of Warad Sin in position in fort NW of ZigguratE-gig-par. The alter seen from inside the sanctuary door439 Pl.VI-B Foundation-cone of Singalatsu-ikbi in situ beneath the sanc-tuary pavementE-dublal-mah. NE side366 Pl.II-B Foundation-cones of Warad Sin in situ in the core of the wall of the fort (2 copies of this)E-dublal-mah. Larsa walls of the N corner of the sanctuaryCones of Warad SinThe Larsa wall of the Ziggurat terrace[?;?] and remains of the Kurigalzu wa[?l?]E-dublal-mah. Wall below threshold of sanctuary with brick-stamps of Bur SinE-dublal-mah. Extracting tabletsDrain in floor of room in \"Larsa\" ramp of E-Nannar, NW of ZigguratE-gig-par. Nabonidus alter in front of sanctuary:
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Page 5doubtless be time for you to take this matter up with the Director of the British Museum and make definite arrangements for carrying out these plans before embarking for Ur. In case you find that you have to postpone your next journey to Ur on account of this business, please advise me in good time because I do not wish Dr. Legrain to proceed until you are ready for him. I shall expect from you hereafter a definite statement as to the time, or approximate time, that you wish Dr. Legrain to meet you at Baghdad, because I presume that you may have to change the date mentioned in your cablegram in consequence of having these extra matters to attend to in London. In general and except in extreme urgency, a letter is preferable to a cable in our communications and I, for my part, shall be careful to observe this preference. Very sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.Director of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the University Museum, Philadelphia, to Mesopotamiac/o the British MuseumLondon, EnglandP.S. The Univeristy Museum has not, up to this time, made any exhibition of the finds from Ur and Tell el Obeid because we have not felt that the number of things available were sufficient to justify such an exhibition.:
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Page 5in sets, and a tall libation jug and a patten, thirty silver vessels in all; and behind these lay four magnificent vessels of gold. One is a lamp of a type known to us already from copper examples, an open bowl with sloped sides and a long trough spout; another is an exquisitely proportioned standard chalice, a third is an oval bowl on a foot with a long curved and tapering spout, its sides ornamented with fluting and engraving, and the last is a tall tumbler also fluted and engraved. These gold vessels must rank with those from the grave of prince Mes-kalam-dug as the finest that have ever been found in Mesopotamia.:
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Page 6E-gig-par. KitchenEarly rooms in E-Nannar. NW of Zigurat469 Brick base in store-room of Ningal temple, Kurigalzu periodSinbalatsu-ikbi pavement. NW of ZigguratSinbalatsu-ikbi floor of plano-convex bricks,NW of Ziggurat319 Pl.III-A The terrace wall of the ZigguratA. Wall of Ur-EngurB. Wall (burnt brick) of Larsa periodC. Reinforcement wall of KurigalzuD. Pavement of Singalatsu-ikbiE-dublal-mah. SanctuaryA. Second Dynasty wallsB. Bursin wallC. Bursin doorsocket boxD. Larsa wallE. Larsa pavementF. Kuriglzu pavementG. Nabonidus pavement376 Pl.XI-B Lower strata inside the sanctuary of E-dublal-mahA. [?Secoble?]dynastySecond dynasty btrickworkB. Front wall of Bur SinC. Hingebox of Bur SinD. Front wall of Ishme-daganE. Floor of Ishme-daganF. Floor of Kuri-galzuG. Floor of NabonidusGeneral view from E-nan-mahThe \"bazaar\" between the Ningal street and K.P.E-dublal-mah. Gate chamber on Ningal street472 Pl.XVI-A E-dublal-mah. View looking down the street from the door of the Ningal temple443 Bricks of Sin-iddinum with double crescent419 Doorsocket, U 3102400 Doorsocket, U 3031Doorsocket, U 2673Sinbalatsu-ikbi doorsocket: inscription from E-dublal-mah474 Temple K P, doorsocket in situ:
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Page 6tablet to be placed in the wing and this having been approved, he has ordered it made at his expense. It is I feel an obligation upon us to open this one gallery in the autumn, and I shall ask authority to proceed with the installation this summer, the cost to to exceed $4,324. (the number 2 pencilled in but not striking through any other number)The following gifts have been received since the last meeting:From Mr.Walter Thomas B Pritchett, a very fine Roman glass vase From Mr. Richard E. Norton, a collection of ethnological objects-- weapons, baskets and hats fro the Pillipine Islands.Mrs. Christian R. Holmes of New York has lent a very important group of early Chinese bronzes from her outstanding collection in this field. They will remain at the Museum until November and will much enrich the Chinese Collection now on view.It is recommended that the gifts and the loan be accepted with the special thanks of the Board.Respectfully submitted,Horace H. F. JayneDirector:
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Page 7436 Gatesocket of Bur Sin Doorsockets of Ur-Engur. one with the copper shoe of the hinge-pot Doorsockets and pot-shoe of Ur-Engur in position in E-Nannar. NW of ZigguratGreen.....doorsocket of Sinbalatsu-ikbi. E-dublal-mah. U2674342. Pl. XI-A Doorsocket inscription of Sinbalatsu-ikbi U2674Ur Engur gate socket U 2736417 Drains in south wing of E-dublal-mah416 Pottery drain. South wing of E-dublal-mah414. E-dublal-mah Courtyard447 E-dublal-mah. from south corner448 E-dublal-mah. view from Processional Way into courtyard449. E-dublal-mah. View from room T B 27445408 E-dublal-mah. Building south of Courtyard. Kurigalzu period415. Pl. XII-A Rooms in the south wing of E-dublal-mah. Opening on the courtyard: period of Kuri-galzu. The hoard of tablets was found in the room marked by a crossE-dublal-mah. View from south wing across courtyardE-dublal-mah. steps with rounded ends. to sanctuary413 Pl. XIII-A Tablets from room 8. E-dublal-mah434 Large tabletPot in position in door of temple K P Ningal Temple. Cone of Sinbalatsu-ikbi. in positionBrick alter in Ningal temple. Kurigalzu periodNingal temple. Drain through room and wall. Sinbalatsu (later) period319 A: Ur-Engur's terrace wall of ZigguratB. Larsa dittoC. Kurigalzu dittoD. Sinbalatsu-ikbi floor. Four photographs with neither number nor legend.:
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Page 7to the full not only with yourselves, the Board of Managers, but with the staff that has so splendidly carried forward the work of the Museum under very difficulties. Any recommendations that I may make are not made as criticisms but as a result of obtaining a fresh angle upon the situation with the interests of the Museum at heart:
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Paint-d fem. fig - Nursing child.
[5 circled in middle of note]:
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Painted clay bird - Stretched wings & tail hole pierced through - To be mounted on stick - Pellet eyes.
Large streaks of paint - round neck. and on back of wings
Greenish drab w. black paint. Wings broken. It has a clay tube below as if mounting on a staff.:
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Painted Clay hoe. :
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Painted clay imitation of metal tool:
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Painted clay whorl. Central perforation Decorated w. Maltese cross. Black paint
Covex Face
Covex Rev:
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Painted fem fig.
[2 circled middle of note]:
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Painted fem statuette - Fr_t Legs - Feet. Broken
Belt painted black. also hair of pubes
PG: Pit W. in the bottom of the JN grave stratum, a little above the clean clay.
Fr_t TC. fig. Al"Ubaid. fem. fig.
Nude. w. black paint_d girdle Feet & body above waist missing:
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Painted pottery - Fr_t Humped bull. Buffalo Decorated w. black lines along back. legs & head -
Broken. nose, horns, legs, and hind quarter Green clay w black bands.:
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Painted ware. Sheep? or hog?
Fleece divided on back
Straight on neck
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Painting: obliq over left sh_ under right
Belt, fringes hanging
dots & cresents on sh_ Round eyes
Fem: Square sh_ arms apart. Painted neckl. dots on sh-, breasts. hand_
= Idols, demons: magic- Explain?
Stone Vase: Lime Obsidian, Alabast dove. button tumblets.
Gypsum tablets no dpressions
seal impressions
Lev VI lo XVIII Al'Ubaid. Cement brick Seal impress. rect. brick
Al'Uquair: Paint_d T. Clay cones mosaic semi-col. TC. plaques.
Mosaic-Cones: Walls-inlay on shale plaques standard, columns, seals, cups, vases, amulets, statues, furniture, Uruk. J.N. periods even in Roy Cemt & 1st Dyn. TC. plaques frieze silhout Fig:
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Paint_d fem fig.
[3 circled in middle of note]:
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Paint_d Fem fig. Bitumen wig
[4 circled middle of note]:
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Paint_d Fem, fig. Nude-preflood
[1 circled middle of note]:
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Paint_d fem. fig (TO ware)
[6 circled middle of note]:
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Paint_d Fem. fig. in 2 frag_ts
[7 circled middle of note]:
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Paint_d. T.C. Fig. Grotesq.
Head missing.
Black paint round neck & black paint_d lines running vertical down back & sh.:
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panels by cross lines.-They are decorated with 2 geese & 2 goats on a background of small circles.:
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Papsukal
From Found. Box. NE. gate of AD.
Mud Fig. bearded male wearing a conical cap & girt w. 2 baldric to which is attached a sword hanging From the left side. The r. hand, raised claps a spear. Baldric& weapons in copper. Traces of red paint on the mud. see sketch:Field note in A.D. also Photo:
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Papsukal miniature heads, etc:
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Papsukal mud Fig Traces of white plaster. Bearded male hands clasped over breast. :
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Papsukal Mud Fig. Traces of white wash remain. Beard_d male. Fig. Rt. arm outstretch_d close fitting cap. :
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Part of relief.
Feet of God stand_g on animal
cf. 1777, 1212:
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Part of TC. Mould_d fig.
Godd_ss w. flat cap & flounc_d dress
full face- preserv_d to hips only. Rt. hand raised. holds a bird (sickle?)
In left arm perhaps an infant (?)
Scorpion:
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Part of TC. relief. stand_g drap woman. Left h. at waist. Hair elaborately dressed on either sides of fare :
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Pectoral. Frit ornament -
pierced at each end :
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Pectoral. Frit ornament pierced at each end :
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period sank into decay. It was not till about 1600 B.C. that a Babylonian king turn- his attention to the ancient city; but then Kuri-Galzu the Kassite took its repair seriously in hand. Already one of the Larsa kings had refaced Ur-Engur's terrace wall with burnt brick; Kuri-Galzu added to this a fresh facing, thereby still widening the terrace, and above it he rebuilt one complete range of rooms, following closely on the lines of the former buildings, and the other range, which may have been in better state, he must have repaired, though the actual ruins show no trace of his work: he also restored Warad-Sin's fort.Up to this timethe successive restorers had observed with reasonable piety the traditions of the site, so that the terrace of Kuri-Galzu was not altogether unlike that of the earliest builder; and up to this time our history of the work on the site is sure. About Ur-Engur's walls, scanty though their relics are, there is no doubt; the minor kings of Isin and Larsa left us their inscriptions on bricks in their walls or on scattered foundation cones, and in the case of the fortress of Warad-Sine we found a whole row of his great nail-shaped clay cones embedded in the brickwork just as they had been put there by the builders; Kuri-Galzu too was not sparing in the use of bricks inscribed with his name. But after his time a change took place. In the course of the next thousand years the buildings collapsed and their debris fell down from the terrace edge and filled in the low ground at its foot, and when at last a new builder came on the scene that scene was so different that not only the old ground-plans but even the old ground-levels had been obliterated. A nameless ruler, perhaps Sin-balatsu-ikbi, who was Assyrian governor of Ur in the seventh century B.C., had laid his floors above and beyond the original terrace walls and used for his work bricks of all dates pulled out from the ruins of forgotten shrines; it was a shoddy work, and todey its remains look shoddier yet, for the paved floors go in waves and billows as the hidden walls below support them or the loose-packed rubbish has given way, and the broken walls gape and lean at indecent angles, while the patchwork of material shewing the mutilated names of kings whose reigns were a thousand years and more apart condemns a decadent age.Lastly came the Neo-Babylonian kings, Nebuchadnezzar and Nabonidus and found again a ruin, so complete that they were enabled if not forced to re-model the site. Round the whole sacred area of the city they built their great sacred wall, encolsing [editor's marking fixes the spelling error] the ziggurat in on[?] its western angle and reaching out to the North-West [editor's markings change it to northwest] beyond the vanished terraces and beyond Sin-balatsu-ikbi's buildings, but returning again to link up with the solid mass of Warad-Sin's fortress, which they restored anew. In the west corner of this temenos wall was set a massive fort of mud brick. From Warad-Sin's fort another double wall ran SE [editor's marking changes it to southeast], in front of the Ziggurat steps, to the ancient E-dublal-makh, the old Gate tower and Hall of Justice, which now became part of the fortifications, and thence it ranXXNW SW [editor's marking changes it to southwest] to meet the Temenos wall at a point where a fourth fort seems to have completede the scheme. Thus the Ziggurat [gir?] about with a wall of defence, standing in the centre of a rectangular enclosure having a fortress tower at each corner. All this had no relation to[handwritten 6 in margin to the left of final paragraph] [handwritten 13 in bottom right corner]:
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person, but to a regular staff backed by a strong financial support. In that case they would have to suscribe to a contract of three years of dig at least - and the head of the Expedition ought to be according to her views not the Assyriologue but a trained man preferably an architect - the supervision of Langdon at Kish is not looked favorably upon by her - the Ur expedition at Ur, of the German expedition at Babylon is her ideal. She would with disregard to any [?theoeretic?] claims favor and grant a concession to any nation fulfilling such conditions - she would not object to the germans excavating Warka, where they have dug six months in 1913 under Herr Jordan.I did not show your letter to Woolley as it is confidential, and you know some of my reasons why. But I showed him your first letter where you mention his good relations with the Turkish government. I had heard some remarks in Baghdad, and I do not think that English public here is much in favour of any double game- while you are fighting to provide money for:
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Peru, VermontOctober 15, 1934Dear Keppel:Mr Jayne's letter of the 9th is before me and I return it herewith. It doens't seem wise to engage by letter in a discussion of every point and question, but two or three things had better be spoken of, one rather fully:First-(See beginning of Paragraph 4 of Mr. Jayne's letter). It must be clearly understood that Mr. Woolley has not \"intimated\" by so much as a word that the University Museum has deviated our grant to other purposes. I want that clearly understood in Philadelphia.Second- The suspicion did occur to me that they were holding more or less of the grant to help their own budgetary of banking requirements, and I may have betrayed that suspicion to Dr. Penniman. But Mr. Woolley was not responsible for my suspicion otherwise than by having quite properly quoted to me certain communications he'd received from Philadelphia. It was these quotations- i.e. the University Museum's own words- that disurbed me.Let me rehearse, for I think it important to be clear: On July 18, 1932 the University Museum explained to Mr. Woolley that they were sending him (pound sterling sign)500 by means of a Letter of Credit, because that procedure \"has the virtue, from our point of view, of preserving our cash balances.\"On December 23, 1932, the Pennsylvania Director wrote to Mr. Woolley that he couldn't remit immediately but had laid Woolley's request before a recent meeting of his Board\"to get their authority to act on it when sufficient funds were in hand\". (Apparently the last Carnegie Corporation payment was not due until January 1, 1933). He added that his Board thought the pound might go \"even lower than $3.17\", and said \"My Board is enormously cautious about diminishing the Museum's cash balances without a full understanding why it is necessary\"August 8, 1933, (after returning from Ur) Mr. Woolley wrote for funds, got no answer, wrote again, got no answer, cabled(November 2, 1933 and on November 8 received a reply by cable \"Apologize prolonged delays in answering regarding publication funds. Constant difficult discussions with President Board prevent replying. Instructed to say in view of terms Carnegie Grant not to you but directly to University Museum strong feeling developed funds should not be turned over for expenditure your discretion but payments mad by us directly--embarrassed sending you this news but administrative situation much altered\". This cable was followed by a letter to Wooley finding fault with him for cabling as he had, saying the \"the financial results will be precisely the same as though no alteration in exchange had occurred\". Although Woolley's recommendations as to exchange sensible and have proved sound, they objected to his \"criticizing or suggesting alterations in the methods whereby we handle the funds granted to the University Museum for the Ur publications\".:
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PFT. level 1200. Dried clay Fig. of animals(cattle_ roughly hand modelled. :
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PG 367
TTF
1.6:
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PG 382
TT[?F?]
Immediately below the [?tellnen?] a body
lying NE X SW on reed matting smeared with
bitumen:
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PG 55 TTE
16) with these beads, 3 silver cockle shells U. <strike>U7910</strike> 8000
17) copper pin, ball head, l. 0195, complete. U.8014
18) copper pin with <strike>lapis</strike> gold & carnelian head, shaft broken. U.8016
19) lapis cylinder seal, large. U.8006
20) shell statuette of seated bull <strike>U8007</strike> U.8033
21) v. large ribbed lapis bead w gold caps. U.8004
22) string of v. big carnelian bugles, 4 side by side
or 3 & one gold on - outside, perhaps separated
by v. big lapis balls U.8011, 8012
23) string of small carnelian & agate bugles w gold
between U.8018
24) gold bead w a bird seated on it &.8005
25) v. small shell & lapis beads. U8008, 8009
26) gold chain w beads o lapis on it U.8002
27) string of small carenlian & gold ball beads. U8018
28) small copper pin w lapis head, l.009 U.8015
29) large silver plaque U.8007
30) 2 squares, black & white, inlaid with 5 dots U.8020
31) fragments of a cuttlefish bone U 8021
Photo:
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PG 55 TTE
Inhumation burial : depth below surface 120
White decayed matting on floor of grave
[drawing (plan of artifact group) labeled: 1-8 & second group]
(1) Stone jar, calcite,
containing a black paste like bitumen
[drawing (artifact: pot)] ht 007 diam 006
(2) pr of cockle shells one containing white paste - U 8001
(3) small straight sided white calcite pot
ht 0035 diam 006 covered w a cockle shell
& containing green paint U.7998
(4) saucer of white clay
<strike>U7911</strike> (5) cockle shell containing green paint U 8001
(6) pr of cockle shells U<strike>U7911</strike>8001
(7) stone bowl, hemispherical, ht 005 rim 010
containing paste like bitumen U.7999
(8) lead sheeting & copper mass, no recognisable
shape
(9) quantity of v. small carnelian beads:
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PG. 1932-in rubbish in house levels. TC h. of dog. Hand model_d-Lively work.:
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PG. 364 From circular Larnax grave. Baked clay crescent. one side Flat one slightly convex:
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PG. low down in cemet area. c. 9.00 down.
Clay fig. Head of a Camel
Io heads{31-16-987, 31-16-885:
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Ph. Enlarg_d
[58] circled]
TC. relief. Goddess 2 situla bottles
Mural crown. Necklaces - Frizzed hair cloak w. rosettes
Head. id : 16913.:
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Philadelphia is unusual among American cities for its unique institutions. These give it character, distinctiveness and an interest that excells such greater cosmopolitan centres as New York and Chicago. It is a city, indeed, noted for its preculiarities -- if so one may call them -- less appreciated by its citizens because they so regard them, than by a large number of outsiders who actually look upon these so called peculiarities as of paramount importance. Among these is the University Museum, an adjunct but not a definite part of the University of Pennsylvania. It is one of Philadelphia's most unusual institutions: it is not an institution dedicated to art in the sense that the Pennsylvania Museum of Art or the Academy of Fine Arts are, nor is it strictly a science museum as the term becomes the Academy of Natural Science or the Franklin Museum. The University Museum is essentially a research institution and not a museum at all. It is basically dedicated to the gathering of facts about the history of man, whether these facts are unearthed by excavations of buried sites or whether they are the outcome of excursions or sojourns among existing primitive peoples does not matter: the facts that become elements in our knowledge of human development are the Museum's chief objective.To be sure collections of all sorts are inevitably assembled -- partly those derived from under the soil -- the artistic triumphs of vanished civilizations to the crude artifacts of the most primitive of mankind -- and partly those gathered from today's living races -- from the sophisticated weapons of the (empty space) of Borneo to the basically simple stone tools of the Austrialian Bushmen.The University Museum shows the whole range of both these categories in its galleries. The fruits of its excavations in Babylonia -- at Nippur, at Ur, at Fara, Tell Billiah and Tepe Gawra -- are entirely unequalled inthis country; its share of the objects discovered in Palestine constitute an unrivaled corpus of artistic:
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Philadelphia share with Ur Excavation, I do not think it very correct to propose the Museum to undertake another dig. So it stands. I hope to call at Kish and see Langdon when we leave here - the dig will be over after the 6 of March. Packing takes another week. I will travel home probably over the Nairn back to Jerusalem, spend a week or ten days in North Africa, and be in London toward the middle of April. The question of publishing will be discussed. I have a good collection of texts. Woolley asked me in any case to leave it in his hands, he would have a duplicate made by a photographer for his private use and further progress of the dig. It is very natural and useful. At the same time, I do not like too much that all the Philadelphia share of the work should be left in one hand without a definite program of publications since I never saw any copy or translation of the text recovered the two first years. I [?seems?] to much always to give without receiving our due there of honour and helping the next partner to grow fat on it. So I will bring back my copies and talk it over to you after the London interview- Health keeping good, I am happy at the prospect of coming home- Please give my regards to all in the Museum and believe my yours. Sincerely,L. Legrain:
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Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A. \"through Messrs Stahlschmidt, our agents, of 8 Fenchurch Buildings, London E.C.3, by the steamer \"London Corporation\" which left on April 28, reached Philadelphia on May 10, and began discharging her cargo on May 11. The bill of lading was sent to you by Stahlschmidts on April 30. We do not appear however to have had any acknowledgment of the receipt of this box from your side yet, and I am rather anxious about it, as are also the agents. Will you please let either me or Mr the Secretary of the Museum, Mr Esdaile know if it has been received safely with its contents intact?Yours sincerely, H.R. Hall:
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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for his information.I am, Gentlemen, Your Obedient servant, For the Secretary of State:[?signature undecipherable?]Director of the Consular Service.Enclosure:From London, No. 13835, September 26, 1922.:
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PHILADELPHIACONSPECUTS OF PRINCIPAL OBJECTS, 1926-1927.Stone Relief Plaque. of a King about to mount his Chariot.Gold implements:-Electrum adzeSmall gold chisel.Gold works of art and jewellery:-Long gold frontlet, engraved with hunting scenes.Another gold frontlet.One small gold frontlet.Large gold and lapis beads, with lapis seal.Head ornament, gold and lapis.2 gold caps from a cylinder seal.Silver vessels and implements:-Silver axe.Rein-ring.Toilet set of three instruments, on a ring.Spouted vessel.Silver jewellery:-2 pins with lapis heads.Silver head comb with lapis knobs.Silver knob from staff.Frontlet of beads with silver ring pendants.Inlay work:-Ostrich egg, with inlad ornaments at ends.Seals:- Lapis lazuli, with inscription of wife of Mes-anni-padis.About 30 cylinders, in various materials.2 stamp seals.Amulets:-Ram's head in diorite (probably from a figure).Gold bull amulet.Another in lapis.Stone eagle.:
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PhiladelphiaPressWord has just been received by Horace H.F. Jayne, director of the University Museum, from C. Leonard Woolley, field director of The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University Museum of Pennsylvania which has begun its ninth season's work at Ur with that a startling new archaeological discovery that of t has been made. The tombs of the great kings of the Third Dynasty of Ur have been found. The rich graves of the prehistoric cemetery were those of kings whose names, where they have been recovered, were new to us: Ur-Engur, who about 2400 B.C. built the Ziggurat, his son Dungi, his grandson Bur-Sin, builders of many temples and rulers of an empire which stretched to the Mediterranean, stand for the most splendid age in the history of Ur and are familiar figures, and now their burial-place comes to light.Late last season we exposed part of a wall-front whose bricks were stamped with the name Bur-Sin; the excavation of the building was one of the main items in our programme for this year, i. It proves to be an annexe of a much larger building erected by Dungi. The clearing of this is heavy work, for the enormous mud-brick walls which Nebuchadnezzar built round the Sacred Area run right across the site and have to be dug through; below these are private houses of about the twentieth century B.C. and it is only when theyre have been swept away that we can lay bare the work of the Third Dynasty. Probably not more than half of Dungi's building has yet been brought to light, a building with immensely solid walls of burnt bricks laid in bitumen, with square and rounded buttresses along its outer face and flights of steps leading from its central court to high-lying chambers at the south-west end of it. Bur-Sin's annexe is more modest, but still one of the best examples of building preserved at Ur. The fittings of one room in the annexe shews that it was intended for worship, presumably that of the deified king, but the buildings are:
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Photographic ServiceBritish MuseumLondon W.C.1Miss J. M. McHughUniversity of Pennsylvania MuseumPhiladelphia Penn U.S.A.21 Dec 1927Dr. to the trustees of the British Museum for the following Photostats, negatives and/or prints. (Cheques to be made payable to \"British Museum.\")Order No P. 138.10x8 print of Gold Dagger @ 1/9 1 91/2 plate print of gaming board @ 1/- 1 0from 2. negatives in stock @ 6 1 0 [total] 3 9:
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PHOTOGRAPHS MADE BY THE JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM TO UR423 E-dublal-mah. Courtyard, looking to East corner470 View from new temple (. . . . . .) to gate of Ningal Temple across the street E-gig-pan.[checkmark] Front view426 Nin-gal temple and unexcavated temple K.P., from top of Ziggurat415303444392 Pl.II-C Shell plaque, period of First Dynasty of Ur397 Pl.V-B Foundation cones of Warad Sin399 Copper and stone foundation tablets of KurigalzuCopper and stone foundation tablets of KurigalzuUr-Engur, Wall of the Ziggurat terrace[checkmark] E-gig-pan. KitchenE-dublal-mah. The Larsa wall and the Kurigatzu \"kisu\"Blocking of doorway from the Processional way to the courtyard of E-dublal-mahE-dublal-mah. Larsa building against NE side[checkmark] E-gig-pan. The sanctuaryTerrace wall of Ur-Engur, N.W. of ZigguratSteps and sallyport of Warad-Sin in fort NW of ZigguratGateway from Processional Way to courtyard of E-dublal-mahLarsa rooms NE of E-dublal-mahUr-Engur's terrace wall of ZigguratGeneral view NW of Ziggurat; Sinbalatsu-ikbi floor in foregroundE-dublal-mah. NE sideCourtyard of Sinbalatsu-ikbi, and Persian buildings, NW of ZigguratWalls at West angle of fort,NW of ZigguratFragment of statue of Dada-ilinu and of Bur-sin:
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Photographs wantedU.176 C.BS. Frag of [?lolerite? Iolite?] inlay--wig or turbanU.177(b) CBS 15274 Shell inlay [?note that it might be item number 15294?]U.238 CBS 15227 2 Clay box fragments fitting together. Decorated with inverted dot filled triangles 100x70U.776 CBS 15248 Carnelian cylinder seal. L.25. Museum Photo #228. Kneeling [?archer?] in [?illegible word?] U.7916 CBS 16906 Stamp Seal. Field Photo 845U.16170 31-43-176 Limestone macehead fragment [?D.46?] Relief of serpent with forked tongue.Dr. Legrain[Underlined] The list is complete. I can not find photographs of these objects. I suppose the objects themselves will have to be gotten out.D. Cross.:
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photos 21 to 38 inclusive[note: a circled numeral \"12\" is written at the top right]UR.Iraq.December 6, 1927.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statement of the expenses of your Expedition for the month of November. The account calls for little comment, thought I might remark that the wages item covers rather more time than the actual month. The number of men employed is small - about 130 - but the nature of our discoveries has necessitated the payment of large sums in baksheesh, so that the average rate is high and the totals irregular from week to week. So far as I am able to judge at this stage of the season I am keeping well within my estimate and should be able to carry on work for the full term; but we are being so remarkable successful that I should feel justified in exceeding the estimate were that necessary. But I do not foresee any need to do so.I am postponing my ordinary monthly report for a few days as we are now in the middle of a most important piece of work and I should wish to finish it before sending in news for publication. For ten days we have been gradually clearing a very large grave which can only be that of a royal person. [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"12\" opens here] The burial pit covers an unusually wide area (the limits of which are hard to define 40 X 17 feet.); the grave itself, which seems to be a vault built with plano-convex brick and stone, has not yet been opened, and all our discoveries so far have to do with the wider area of the pit. Apparently after the body was laid in the grave and a certain amount of earth had been put back the general offerings etc. were placed in the shaft above the grave. With the offerings were put the bodies of a large number of people who must have been sacrificed in order that they might accompany the king to the next world.The first object found was a harp elaborately inlaid, [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"12\" closes here and the penciled bracket labeled \"14 opens here] the front of the sound-:
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photos 6 to 20 inclusive[note: a circled numeral \"8\" is written at the top right of the page]URIraq.November [?20?]. 1927Sir,As promised in my report of November 16th I now send you reports for the Press dealing with the discovery of the grave of Mes-Zalam-Dug, and photographs of some of the principal objects found. Writing in haste last week I forgot to mention [note: a penciled bracket opens here labeled \"9\" in the margin] amongst the [undecipherable] objects found in the coffin a silver belt to which were attached a whetstone and a dagger; the whetstone is of lapis lazuli hung on a gold ring, the dagger has a gold blade and a hilt originally of silver ornamented with gold, and the sheath was of silver; the silver has perished, that of the hilt completely so, for it was of thin metal over wood, but it can easily be restored. In the photograph a temporary restoration is shewn. From a corroded mass of gold and silver ear-rings etc. found by the left hand of the body I have extricated today an axe of normal type but in gold or electrum. The corroded lump of metal vases found outside the head of the coffin, which had already yielded the decorated gold bowl and the silver libation jug has today been separated and has further produced a plain bowl and a drinking-cup, both of gold. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"9\" closes here] The grave was therefore considerably richer than my first report led you to believe, and the photographs will maintain my statement of its importance.We are now engaged in the next excavation was that of a grave unique so far in this cem- [note: a penciled bracket opens here with a vertical line - maybe the numeral \"10\"?]etary. Instead of the usual single burial we have a large trench [note: the penciled bracket closes here] in which there have been found up to date (it is not yet all cleared thirteen bodies; of these two are children or quite young people, the rest would appear to be women, if one may judge from the fact that all wear head-dresses of gold ribbon with rows of gold mulberry-leaves and coloured beads over the forehead and very large gold ear-rings; none of the normal grave furniture has been found with them, only such personal ornaments as the above, pins, generally of silver, and finger-ring:
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PIG Shaft close to PFTPJ Extension of the Royal Cemetery areaPR Magazines surrounding the great Nanna courtyardRS Temple Rim-Sin's Enki Temple on the city wallSF Gipar-ku, SE partSIS Seal-impression - strata above the Royal CemeterySM Area SE of Gipar-ku (UE 8 p.xii has Diqdiqqeh by mistake)TTA Trial trench ATTB E-nun-mahTTC S of Gipar-kuTTB/ES E-nun-mahTTB/SS E-nun-mahTTD Trial trench D (Royal Cemetery area)TTE Trial trench E (Royal Cemetery area near Dub-lal-mah)TTF Trial trench F (Royal Cemetery area)TTG Trial trench G (Royal Cemetery area)TW TemenosX Group of late graves alongside XNCFXNCF Building range on the NW all of the TemenosY(C) Prolongation NW-wards of XNCFZ Group of late graves close to, but distinct from, YCZT Ziqqurrat TerraceZTTB E-mu-ri-an-na-bag:
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Pig - hand moded_d
Rough - Drab:
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Pig rattle - Part of head & 2 legs miss_g
Incis_d line down back, & incis_d curves down sides to indicate hair(?):
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Pig, clay rattle - Snout broken off
light clay. :
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Pink_sh. Nude Fem..part of surf. miss_g from legs:
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Plain, round. 3 legs table:
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Plaque fr_t
Fighter trampl_g on fallen warrior:
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Plaque. Fr_t
Warriors on either side of doorway
of shrine- Lances stand_g upright
from ground-Above cresc. moon.
geese, fish.:
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POST CARD [stamp: London Sept 20 1928 10 15PM]Miss Jane Mc Hugh.University MuseumPhiladelphiaPa.U.S.A.:
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POSTAL TELEGRAPH - COMMERCIAL CABLESCABLEGRAMC433NY BC 715P 19 VIA HX 1922LONDON SEPT 25DR GORDONUNIVERSITY MUSEUM PHILADELPHIAREGRET HUNTER ILL AND UNABLE TO PROCEED AND WILL BE SENT HOME BY CONSULATE British Museum London:
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POSTAL TELEGRAPH - COMMERCIAL CABLESTELEGRAMCABLE 18BASRAH FILED 1015AM FEB 2 1925GORDON ANTIQUEPHILA ( UNIVERSITY MUSEUM UNIVERSITY PENNA )WOOLLEY WIRES AS FOLLOWS LAICORUM UR MARCH 8 SLANDERED ALEPPOADMUNITUM LONDON APRIL 3EASTBANK(handwritten translation of message is)He expect to leave (inserted) Ur about March 8. He shall stop (inserted) at Aleppo. He will likely arrive London April 3.:
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POSTAL TELEGRAPH - COMMERCIAL CABLECABLEGRAM8P AN 915AM 12 VIA HXLONDON FEB 26 1925GORDONUNIVERSITY MUSEUM PHILAWOULD NOT OBJECT IF WOOLLEY IS WILLINGKENYON.:
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POSTAL TELEGRAPH - COMMERCIAL CABLES26P AN 10 1122AM BACKDATEBASRAH FEB 263 1925GORDONANTIQUE PHILADELPHIA ( FOR GORDON CARE UNIV. MUSEUM ) VERMEILLE UR WORK REGRET UBIORUM WOROBWOOLLEY[handwritten]In view of Ur work regret unable to comply with your wishes I write you full particulars:
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POSTAL TELEGRAPH - COMMERCIAL CABLESCABLEGRAMC276NY BC 855P 10 VIA COMLBASRAH FEB 26 1923PENUMUSEUMPHILADELPHIA[image of hand pointing to the right to handwritten text given below]Director University of Penna33 & SpruceSEASON OVER DIVISION ANTIQUITIES EFFECTED PARTY RETURNING WOOLLEY:
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POSTAL TELEGRAPH - COMMERCIAL CABLESTELEGRAMNYA893 13 VIA HX1925 JAN 19 PM 10 39LONDON 19LCO GORDONUNIVERSITY MUSEUM PHILAADDITIONAL FIFTY POUNDS RAISED PLEASE CABLE EQUIVALENTKENYON.:
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POSTAL TELEGRAPH - COMMERCIAL CABLETELEGRAM6P AN 13 VIA HXLONDON AUG 29 1925GORDONUNIVERITY MUSEUM PHILACAN LEGRAIN MEET ME IN BAGHDAD OCTOBER 26TH WOOLEY.730AM:
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Pot sherds - from cup type CCCXLV
2 from same pot.
T.O. paint_d ware w pictures of
gazelles. apparent_y w. net in front of th.:
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Potsherds: strata under parts. :
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pound or two in the getting of it; I add on a bit for the interest on the cash I have to keep loose at the bank, or for the overdraft which I incur if I don't keep a good balance! I myself was rather alarmed at paying so much, but it is such a rare type of thing that I didn't like to let it go & at the BM. they told me that though it wasn't exactly cheap it was worth the price.Anyhow, do you take what you need. If there are things over, I should be thankful if you found a purchaser because of course I buy these things out of my own pocket for the benefit of the museums & don't want:
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Predynastic
Human - Wing arms - Pinched
[4 right top corner of note]:
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Preparations for the exhibition go on well. I am repairing things & putting them into condition without regard to their ultimate destination: of course the labour employed means a certain expense to the British Museum, but if that question should be raised at any time it would not be difficult to [?] it in some way or another: the important thing from my point of view is to what, in some cases, can only be done by me or under my supervision, for the repair & preservation of the things I've dug up. And you will be pleased to see how well they shape!YrsC Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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prepared to share the expense equally with you, as last year. I should mention, however, that Woolley slightly exceeded his estimate last year, his total expenditure being £5171.18s.5d. Any small reduction there may be in next year's estimate will be counterbalanced by this excess, so that it may be assumed that we shall each have to raise £2500. I think we can undertake to do our share. Miss Bell's death is a grievous blow, and it is impossible as yet to forecast the consequences. I think she has so far established the idea of a Department of Antiquities and of a Museum in the mind of the Iraq Government that they are sure to make a new appointment; but who it will be is quite uncertain. As to the personnel for next season, we have got a cuneiformist from Oxford, Mr.E.Burrows, who has had a season in Mesopotamia already with Langdon, and who seems a very nice fellow. Mallowan will go again; Whitburn, the architect, is uncertain. If he can't, we must find another, as it would be very unsatisfactory to have to work without an architect. The preparation of the publications is progressing. One important point, on which I should like your views, is the number of copies to print. Have you any idea how many you will want of (1) the Tell el-Obeid volume, (2) the cuneiform texts? The estimates we have are as follows: (1) Tell el-Obeid 500 copies £997 750 \" £1210 (2) Text volume (in 2 parts) 250 copies £700 500 \" £820:
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Press Report no 1for March 19th1929THE WALLS OF UR.Field work at Ur stopped on February 23rd, the season having lastedrather more than four months. It had been most successful throughout,but its final stages were to bring a discovery which was not theleast interesting of the many made this year.[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"9\" opens here]At Ur the centre of the site is surrounded by a ring of mounds, notcontinuous, for whereas in some parts they stand high and ?present on the outside an abruptly sloping face, in others they sinkto the level of the plain or are so confused by adjoining mounds aslose all character: but even from the ground something in the nature ofan outline to the inner city detaches itself from the tangle of slopes and hillocks,and an air photograph shows much more clearly what can only be the defences of the town. The enclosure is an irregular oval about three quarters of a mile long by half a mile wide: outside it the suburbs stretch for miles, inside it, like the citadel inside the bailey, lies the Sacred Area wherein most of our excavation has been done; within the enclosure levels average higher than outside and it is reasonable to suppose that it represents the oldest settlement; certainly it remained throughout history the administrative and religious centre. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"9\" closes here] The walled town of Ur stood in much the same relation to the rest as does the City to Great London.[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"8\" opens here] Apart from a few literary references to its building and destruction we knew nothing about the wall. More than this; very little is known at all about Sumerian defences, seeing that no expedition has yet undertaken the heavy task of clearing the circuit of an ancient town. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"8\" closes here] At Ur the task seems to be imposed upon us: it was far too late in the season to do more than make a strat, but a start would be most:
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Press Report no. 2The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has now finished its seventh season at Ur; field work closed down on February 23rd and on the next day was concluded the difficult task of dividing the objects found during the winter between the Baghdad Museum and the museums which finance the expedition.The excavation of the ancient cemetery had come to an end earlier in the month and it was characteristic of the site that the very last grave discovered should be the richest of its period yet brought to light. It was of the Sargonic age, about 2650 B.C., and was that of a man, judging from the number of copper weapons places at the head and along the side of the wooden coffin in which were the crumbling bones; amongst them were three of the largest spears that the cemetery had produced and with them a number of copper vessels, some unusually large, and a copper tray made to imitate basket-work and piled with bowls and bases of novel forms. Six gold fillets adorned the head of the man and round his neck were three strings of beads of gold and coloured stone, agate, carnelian, jasper, chalcedony and sard, stones which are rarely found before the time of Sargon of Akkad. On the wrists were four heavy gold bangles and four of silver, and gold rings in the fingers; by these lay two engraved cylinder seals of lapis lazuli capped with gold, and from one of the strings of beads hung a gold amulet in the form of a standing goat exquisitely modelled in the round, a real gem of miniature sculpture.Having exhausted the graves in the area selected for this season's work we proceeded to dig down beneath them for relics of:
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pretty low. Further money is required, & since a large proportion of the money eventually expended will be called for in Sterling the present moment is a good one for transfer on a large scale, as the exchange is not likely to fall much lower than at present âin fact it is more likely to improve after the turn of the year. So I have suggested this considerable transfer, & now [illegible] the explanation so that you may not be alarmed at the:
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Primitive
Nude woman. Neckl. supports breasts.:
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Primitive fem. arms outstretch_d
Buttocks pronounc_d. Snowm. tech.:
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Primitive. hand - model_d
Man stand_g
Rt. arm broken.:
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Private.British MuseumDecember 15. 1933.Dear Jayne,Let me add, unofficially, to this enormous screed, that I too detest these difficulties due to money questions; it is only be- cause they are so unpleasant that it is best to sift them thoroughly and arrive at a proper understanding of the other side if not an agree- ment with it. I certainly have felt more than a little annoyance over the way things have gone, but even when that was at its worst I was able to symphatise with you personally in the affair, and I can assure you that there has been no question of the official trouble impairing our pleasant relations. I must tell you, what is really rather funny, that the \"Catastrophic\" cable which caused such searchings of heart was not written by me at all but in my presence by Hill, who wanted his telegram and mine to supplement each other so composed both!Please give your wife my best regards and all good wishes for the season.Yours sincerely,[signed] C. Leonard Woolley:
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production. Legrain, Smith and Gadd have come to an understanding about the publications of texts, and I hope that too will soon be in progress.Woolley thinks there is material for an interesting exhibition, so I hope we may get it ready by July.Yours very sincerely[signature] F. G. Kenyon:
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Professor R.H. Dyson,The University Museum,33rd and Spruce Streets,PHILADELPHIA, Pa.19104,USA.WAA/ES/MD23rd April 1976Dear Dyson,Thank you for your note of 2nd April. I enclose a list of the loci abbreviations which, I presume, is what you need. The information you had sent us was written in a copy of the index prepared by our Mr. Parsley, and we always assumed that you had kept a copy of it. If it is not the case, please let me know and I shall send you a copy of it.Yours sincerely,[?]:
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PROVISIONAL.JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA.SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE SEASON 1926-7.Accounts as rendered for the period July 1st - Oct. 31 1926 £1014. 18. 5. less 133. 8. 5.[133.8.5 represents]1925-6 deficit £. s. d. 881. 10. 0. for November 1926 571. 7. 5. " December 1926 698. 3. 10. " January 1927 527. 13. 10. for the period Feb. 1st - March 30th 1927 1436. 0. 9. " May & June 1927 181. 12. 5. TOTAL £4296. 8. 3.[Note: the following handwritten annotations appear in the right margin next to the above five entries] OK, 576-16-2, OK, 526-18-10, OK, £211-12-5 By deficit from the year 1925-1926 363. 18. 8. TOTAL £4660. 6. 11. By cash in hand C/o. Messrs. Akras Freres 1. 0. 0. Iraq 90. 0. 0. Petty Cash 1. 11. 3. Eastern Bank 152. 1. 7. Due from A. L. Reckitt 250. 0. 0. Varia 10. 4. 11. [subtotal] 519. 17. 9. [total] £5180. 4. 8.[note: the following are handwritten calculations at the bottom of the page]230.10.3 - 192.0.5=38.10.0171-133=38ins>363.18.8-171.18.5=192.0.3-171.18.5=20.1.10</ins>:
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PS. I am sending with my report a photograph of a sectional drawing by Mr. Gott giving a reconstruction of the largest of the houses of the Larsa period excavated two years ago. The fact that the staircase was carried up above the first floor made me think that the house may have possessed three storeys, but it seems safer to suppose that the upper flight led only to the flat roof, on which there were perhaps shelters such as are found on the roofs of modern houses in the country, and this theory has been adopted in the drawing. Jan 1933[photo (architectural drawing of building)]:
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Puzuzu head:
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Puzuzu mask. large. solid.
(=u. 15737) =Nebuch. Temple. NT.:
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R & R Dr. [?Kidden?][checkmark]Dr. Rainey if hereEKTHE BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON. W. C. 1.18th may, 1956.Miss E. Kohler,The University Museum,University of Pennsylvania,33rd & Spruce Streets, Philadelphia 4,PENN. U.S.A.Dear Miss Kohler,Ur PublicationsThe Director has written to Dr. Rainey confirming the arrangement that the British Museum will assume all distributions for the Ur publications. You were kind enough to send us a list of subscribers but we feel it would be helpful if you would write officially informing them of the new arrangement.If you agree, we should like you to draw attention to the most recent publications as follows:-Ur Excavations. Vol.IV \"The Early Periods\", Sir L. Woolley.[symbol for British pounds]5.15.- & packing & postage 2/5d.Ur Excavations. Vol. X \"Seal Cylinders\", Dr. L. Legrain,[symbol for British pounds]2. 5. - & packing & postage 2/3d.Ur Texts. V \"Letters & Documents of the Old Babylonian Period\",[symbol for British pounds]4. 4. - & packing & postage 3/-.Payment to include postage & packing should be made in advance in Sterling drawn on London.Perhaps you would at the same time say that further publications are in the course of preparation -Texts VI. Religious & Literary Texts.Dr. C.J. Gadd and Dr. S.N. Kramer.Texts VII. Miscellaneous Texts. Dr. O. R. Gurney.Karneto Kassite Documentsmust mean KassiteEKTexts VIII. Supplementary Texts etc.Volums (Sir L. Wooley):Vol. VI. The 3rd Dyn.Vol. VII The Larsa Period.Vol. VIII. The KarnetoKassite Period.Vol. IX. The Neo Babylonian & Persian Periods.Yours sincerely,W. A. Ferguson:
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R.Cemet. A-B
[5 indicated upper right corner]:
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Ram - Head side way. Crouching
Deformed concave back, biggest in applied decoration (on an offering table) Hand model_d
U. 8245. CBS. 17310:
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Ram passing - Fat tail. Hand model_d:
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Ram's head - model_d drab clay.
Broken off at neck.
Bad photo field. (Crood MuPh. next.) :
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rangements with him for next season. I have also secured the assistance of Mr. J. Linnell, who will join me as general assistant; he will not receive any salary, but his out-of-pocket expenses will be paid. Mr. Linnell has taken his degree at Oxford in Oriental Languages, and intends to take up Archaeology as a profession.I have started buying stores for next season. You will, Sir, observe from my accounts that of my balance in hand only £115. is really available in London, and this is unsufficient for the purchases required and for my own salary; I should therefore suggest that now, as last year, £200 should be paid to my account at the Eastern Bank forthwith, £2000 at the end of August, and the balance by December 31. This arrangement proved most satisfactory last year.And I have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]Director of the Joint Expedition.:
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rather uninviting and weary task. I cannot refrain from adding, however, that she made it every way as pleasant as possible for us, greatly as it encroached upon the short time at her disposal, which she sacrificed with admirable cheerfulness to this tiresome duty. We are both very grateful to her for the way in which she made our task easy.I have forgotten, I see, to mention Father Burrows. Well, he is all set up now, as he has made copies of the transliterations of all the texts, so that he is now quite equipped to carry on.Smith is away on holiday at present, and is having, by good luck, the very best of the weather. He is not married yet; I believe the event is expected early in next year.Yours very sincerely,C. J. Gadd.:
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Rattle
Bird - goose? - rattle - Broken head
Incised feathers - Hole in back.
Feet spread into small base.:
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Rattle-
2 cogg_d rim- Central hole- stone inside- Greenish:
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Rattle. 2 hemisph. join_d indent_d circumf. pierc_d through middle.
Common in III *. Dyn. Cemet at Diggdiggeh. :
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rattle. Animal with 2 humps.
Head & legs broken
Red-drab. :
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Rattle. Broken. Holes all over.:
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Rattle. Wheel. Scallop_d edges
Red.:
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ready: if you don't want to be bothered then I have an excellent & experienced proof reader & between us we can do all that is necessary. But probably you'd like to have proofs yourself; in [word crossed out, and any written above]any case please write by return & give me your instructions.I hope to have the paste-ups of the plates shortly.Yours sincerely,CLeonard Woolley [with flourish]:
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Receipt No. H 28195PHILADELPHIA, PA. JUN 30 1926RECEIVED FROML. Legrain [in script]THE SUM OF $26.31FOR A CHECK OF THIS DATE AND NUMBERIN FAVOR OF C. L. Woolley [in script]AMOUNTING TO [pound sign] 5-7-6-DRAWN ON London [in script]FIRST NATIONAL BANKBY [script signature, unknown name][down left side of receipt the following is written]NOTICE TO PURCHASERS!LETTERS IN WHICH FOREIGN CHECKS ARE TO BE FORWARDED ABROAD, SHOULD BE SENT BYREGISTERED MAIL:
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Received at Western Union Bldg., 230 So. 11th St., Philadelphia, Pa.1927 JAN 13 AM 6 23NA223 CABLE BASRAH 11LCO ANTIQUE. University of Penn. MuseumPHILADELPHIAPA. 331 SpruceFOUND PREHISTORIC CEMENTERY VERY RICH GOLD ETC.WOOLLEY.:
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Recopy for Dr ?UrIraqDecember 1. 1929.Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the work of your Expeditions during the month of November.As I stated in my last report, digging started on the second of the month with 170 men, and all were employed in shifting a dump of rubbish which overlay the site chosen for this season's excavatio; the dump was more than seven metres high and its removal therefore entailed much labour: as soon as the surface was cleared I enrolled a further seventy men and divided them into two lots of which one started to dig down in the cemetery area while the other was set to work on the pre-historic town site. On the cemetery we are approaching, but have not yet reached, the level at which good tombs may be expected, supposing that such continue so far: the patch selected, which lies SW of that excavated last year, covers about 500 square metres, as fewer men are employed on it progress is not so fast. In the upper levels plenty of graves have been found most are of a poor type, and there are no objects which call for a special comment; but already scientific results of considerable interest have been obtained. In 1926-7 we dug to the NW of the present site and reported graves showing signs of partial cremations: since then no further examples have been recorded. Now many more have been found and not only is that fact confirmed but we can definitely state that such graves date relatively late in the cemetery period, were confined to a particular quarter of the cemetery and were unusually shallow and poor in their contents: they might be the graves of slaves or of some special:
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Red - Turret_d goddess
Fem. flounc_d skirt. hold_g bottles
Head miss_g
Rosettes
Item
18043B: 32-40-32
...:31-16-876.:
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Red clay boar :
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Red clay fig. mould_d
Fem. wearing animal's skin over head & sh. and belt. Holding circul_r object in both h. :
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Red clay fig. mould_d
Fem. w. 3 fold neckl.
Broken below waist:
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Red clay.
Fem. hold_g tambourine.
Feet broken:
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Red painted fem. figurine reduced to pebble like shape - No arms no legs - Body surmounted by short head. with slit eyes, crooked nose, one hole for mouth. Pubes one incised line. Breast slightly model_d in relief - Long necklace hanging between breast to pubes - made of punctured dots.
A wig was added. covering head and neck.
(mummy?) x
bright dark. haematite wash -
Minimum relief modelling:
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Red Stratus
SIS N-V Animals
[2 in upper right corner]:
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Red TC. Fig. Head missing. Woman standing clasped-on pedestal sqaure at front,. rounded at back. Incised wedges on pedestal Thick bell. Long robe. straps over sh. :
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Red.
Head of horse:
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Red. Drap_d Fig. Fring_d shawl cross_d at back. & over should. in front Arm & head miss_g:
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Red. Male head Y& torso-Neccklace. Head dr. miss_g Fem: Neckl?:
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Red. Male. Head & torso- necklace. Head dr. miss_g. Fem: neckl.?
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referred it, and from whom you will undoubtedly hear in the near future.Yours sincerely,C. J. Gadd.:
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referred to in your last letter are being dealt with, but I do not want to delay forwarding this matter for publication.We are certainly having a wonderful season.Yours sincerely,F. G. Kenyon:
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Released to \"London Times\". [right side of page, handwritten] 1927-28Field archaeology is always a matter of ups and downs, and during the last three weeks the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has had its fill of both. Throughout that time we have been finding graves of the ordinary class which contain objects in themselves good enough to make the season a success, but two outstanding events have tended to put all others in the shade.At the close of last year I had decided that we were at last on the track of a royal grave and with any luck should find the remains of one of the earliest kings of Ur. By the time of our return here the weathering of the exposed soil had thrown into relief certain features of stratification which seemed to confirm the theory, and we started digging with high hopes. Nor were we deceived. At a depth of nearly twenty-five feet we found, not the usual body wrapped in matting at the bottom of an earth shaft, nor a coffin of wicker-work, but a great tomb massively constructed in unhewn limestone, the walls more than three feet thick, the roof a corbelled vault of stone resting on wooden beams, - and when one remembers from how far stone has to be imported into this alluvial plain and how costly a material it has always been, one must admit that only a king could afford such a resting-place. The tomb consisted of two chambers, a large outer room for the attendants whom, it would seem, were buried with their master, and a smaller inner room for the king himself. Great was out disappointment to find, on pulling away the stones of the fallen roof, that both had been rifled; before the timbers in the roof had time to rot, men had broken into the chambers and carried off all the treasures which they had contained. In the inner chamber only a few scattered beads and copper implements were left for our gleaning; in the outer, one body was virtually undisturbed and still preserved its head-ornaments of gold and silver and strings of beads, while by another was a heap of copper vessels - mostly crushed by the fall of the roof - and amongst these a fine silver bowl:
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Remarkable beaded belt, and apron like triangular piece over pubes
Lunate earrings, below locks of curled hair, flat above, tied w a band across the forehead.
Dog necklace, Necklaces - Pectoral - Bangles.
Slim type. Small breasts - Large eyes almost pellet type. Strong nose & chin.:
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Report ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Fr ----- £ ----- ----- $1st Class Passage on SS France to New York ----- ----- ----- 83.3/3 ----- ----- 79.65 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 225Tips on board and landing + luggage ----- ----- ----- 200 ----- ----- ----- 6.65New York taxi ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 3.50To Philadelphia. Train and luggage ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 6.50Taxi and luggage ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 2.80 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 3.3/3 ----- ----- =15.35 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 339.45Received in Bagdad a letter of credit of £.80 - Rest Excess expenses $339.45Philadelphia- June 7th 1926 L. Legrain:
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Report sent to London Times. Copy sent to Museum by Kenyon in his letter 11/18/27The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has started its sixth season at Ur. The staff is the same as last year, Mrs. Woolley doing the drawings, Mr. M. E. L. Mallowan acting as my general assistant in archaeology, and Father Burrows, S. J., being responsible for the inscriptions; but this time there is no architect in the party, the nature of the programme for the season being such that very little planning work will be required. As the fast month of Ramadan comes this year towards the end of our normal season and was likely to make a full four and a half months' work impossible, digging was begun a fortnight earlier than usual and October 17th we resumed the excavation of the rich cemetery discovered last year.In the spring lack of funds had compelled us to close down work untimely early and the best discoveries of the season were made in its last two days. I expressed our disappointment at stopping just when success was at its greatest, but I did not state the whole truth, which was but for obvious reasons did not publish the further factthat we had to leave unfinished the excavation of the richest grave of all, that in which were found the gold dagger and the gold adze and spear. When we left off no precious metal was actually shewing in the side of our shaft, but for days gold objects had been turning up freely and anywhere the scratching away of a few inches of soil might reveal more: the discoveries had caused much excitement locally; the Arabs are desperately poor and here was treasure to be had almost for the asking, and to leave the site as we were compelled to do was an anxious responsibility. Sheikh Munshid, head of the tribe within whose area the site of Ur lies, supplies four armed guards who during the season are in charge of the Expedition house and throughout the summer extend their responsibilities to the dig: I pointed our to him the temptation to loot which our discoveries had so greatly strength increased and urged him to take all measures for the protection of the site, but in spite of his assurances that all would be well I could not but entertain serious mis-:
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REPORTon the work of the Joint Expedition of theBritish Museum and the University Museum of PhiladelphiatoMesopotamia.For the period ending January 15, 1923.During the last month work has proceeded normally. In the whole of our season up to date the weather has been exceptionally favourable and only two working hours have been lost through rain. At Christmas time your staff took two days' holiday, but apart from that there has been no interruption of any sort.Mr. A. W. Lawrence joined me on December 29, and is a welcome addition to the party, one which enables the work to be better organized and distributed. The number of men employed has not been increased, as the nature of the site under excavation does not make this advisable; 150 is the limit that can well be managed, and actually the gang falls a little short of this limit.I am glad to say that the light railway has arrived and is now being laid down, a slow business as the material is far heavier than any I have had to deal with before. One thousand points, and eight tip-wagons have been kindly presented to the Expedition by the Iraq Railways, and I need hardly point out to you how great a saving this represents to my budget. It is true that the freight charges for bringing the plant here amount to the considerable sum of £50, but this charge would have been incurred equally on purchased material, and indeed would probably have been doubled, as the Director of Railways has authorised special rates for his gift. One of my workmen, I regret to say, had an accident while discharging the rails and has lost a foot; I shall have to pay him some compensation, so adding to the unforeseen expenses of my accounts.As, owing to the distance to which earth had to be carried, it had become uneconomical to continue clearing the temple of E-nun-mah by basket-work, on January 1st I took the bulk of the men off, leaving only enough to do the detail work that required slow and careful treatment by small gangs, and started the rest on the tracing of the temenos wall. Dr. Hall had in 1919 dug a section of this wall (E in his plan, fig.2.), and I began at the north end of his work, re-opening his trench. The wall was found to be standing at this point to a height of about 1.50m, and on following the right-angled return shewn on his plan we came on a large recessed gateway, approached by a ramp, fairly well preserved, with the impost-stone in position inscribed with the name of Bur-Sin. Beyond the gate the rain-water had cut a wide and deep channel through the wall-line, carrying away all traces of the structure, but north of this wadi we picked up the:
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REPORTon the work of the Joint Expeditionof the British Museum and the University Museum of PhiladelphiatoMesopotamia.For the period ending December 15, 1922._______________________________Since my last report of Nov. 15 was sent in, work on the site of UR has proceeded normally. An average of 150 men has been employed, and these men are now learning their business and becoming tolerably skilful. Weather has favoured us throughout, and there has been no stoppage owing to rain. The health of the members of the staff has been uniformly good., No Nov. 29 the Expedition house was finished and we moved into our permanent quarters; proper accommodation has certainly had the best effect on the work of all of us, photography has become possible, architectural work work and drawing can be done in a way which was impossible in tents, and material of all sorts can be dealt with in an orderly and systematic fashion. Under canvas we could never have coped with the mass of stuff which the last three weeks have brought to light.Minor difficulties with local sheikh who picketted our camp and took forcible toll of our men's wages have been satisfactorily settled, and our relations with our native neighbours are on an excellent footing. I have to acknowledge every sort of assistance from the British officials of the country.My second trial trench mentioned in my last report was expected to hit upon a building of some importance. It did in fact cut across the sanctuary of the temple of E-NUN-MAH, and since Nov. 22 work has been confined to this site, which is likely to engage all our efforts for some time to come.We are not yet in a position to give a detailed history of the building, but this was remarkably long and full of vicissitudes. From the dedicated objects which we have found, it is clear that it was already standing early in the third millenium B. C., and possible that its foundation goes back to the fifth millenium. The earliest building of which we have as yet found traces is as a matter of fact:
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Right arm bare. Lulimu has long beard. Wife has long braids hanging in front, chocker of 4 strings.
Whip short curved handle, a hole or loop in top for thick leather thong- hanging to his feet.
Wife keeps left to breast.
God's left hand is over hear l. shoulder ?
Above is a 6 p. star in a circle (sun)
The shepherd's star? :
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Roaring lion"s head.
Fine hand model_g:
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Robe idem: 31-16-816
" 817
" 911
" 935
[id. heavy pleating "818]:
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Roma- Hotel Flora Oct. 18.1925Dear Dr Gordon.I left Paris Friday 16th and stopped one day here before sailing Monday evening from Bridisi. I spent the day writing the last pages of my paper for the Atlantic Monthly - The green beautiful lines of the villa Borghese helped me a good deal - I feel sure I will finish life as a Roman Cardinal [?inpetto?]- I wrote the paper once, on board the DeGrasse, but I lacked the peace of body and mind to do anything good. I had to do it over again, and Paris was no rest. I am glad it is over- All here is sun and blue sky - good food and wine. I travelled with an old Scotch man, whose stepmother was housekeeper for Queen Victoria at [?Balmoral?]- Well he spend the winter in Italy, buys Scotch tweeds at Naples cheaper than in Scotland and praises Mussolini! Will you please give my best regards to all in the Museum and belive meYours Sincerely, L. Legrain:
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ROYAL CEMETERY OF UR.Number of copies sold to May 31st, 1935-285. Amount realized, [pounds symbol] 899.6.6.poNumber of copies presented, 40. Since the end of May the money for 5 more copies has been received; and the Oxford University Press have sold 15 copies for which we have not yet received payment. The price of copies to original subscribers was [pounds symbol] 3.3.0; afterwards, from about end of 1934, it was raised to [pounds symbol] 4.4.0. Postage (3s. England, 6s. foreign) has been charged to buyers (expect on the spot), and has been credited to the Publication account; but the actual cost of postage has been borne by Museum, so that the account has profited to that extent. Our agents receive 25% discount and 10% commission, equivalent to 321/2%.UR PUBLICATIONS ACCOUNT Receipts [pound sign]. s.d. Payments 1935 1934 [pound sign]. s. d. 31 May By sale of publications to date 899.6.6 1 Oct. To Photographic Studio 3.13.6. 100. 0.0. 1 Nov. To Mr. Woolley 1935 2 May To Mr. Woolley 150. 0.0. 253.13.6 645.13.0 899.6.6.:
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ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB.ST. JAMES'S STREET.S.W.Sept. 30 25Dear GordonIn answer to yours of Sept. 18th you will have received the cable confirming Oct. 28. as the date when I should hope to meet Legrain in Baghdad, & I trust he will be starting soon, & have no difficulty about a passage:- over here they are practically unobtainable, but the U.S.A. lines may be les crowded. I am very sorry that you should think, if you so think, that I have failed to hold the balance even between the two Museums to which I am equally obliged. It is difficult to avoid the appearance of being more closely associated with the British Museum because, by arrangement, I have to look for instructions & advice etc to London & not to the mosre distant Philadelphia; but in fact I hope that I have been without bias at all. Naturally, working at a distance, I do not always know what your wishes would be, & so fail to fulfill them; that I am afraid has happened.:
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Rudely model_d fig. w. eyes
attach_d seperty.
Broken below waist-
Red-drab:
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rule that the museum to which an object belongs can control its reproduction. I think, however, that the two Museums responsible for the expedition, you and we, should retain, together with Baghdad, the right to publish, in postcard form or other such reproduction, all objects found in the expedition, whether they are allotted to Baghdad, Philadelphia or London. Thus any one of the three museums, or all of them, could issue series of postcards or other photographs or casts of any of the objects found, so as to make such publication as complete as is desired. I think it is reasonable that the museums to which the discovery of these objects is due should retain this privilege. though I quite agree that for publication by outsiders the assent of the museum in which the particular object is finally placed may reasonably be required. propose to write to Baghdad in this sense. and shall be glad to know what you think. Yours sincerely F.G Kenyon [signature]:
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S.S. Pierre Loti March 30th 1926Dear Dr. Gordon I am on my way back to Philadelphia, on a fair way even if I delay the return till May-I left Ur with Woolley and the rest of the staff on March 18th to arrive Thursday 19th in Bagdad, I learned that a Nairn Convoy was leaving the following Monday over Palmyra and Tripoli for Beyrouth in connection with the S.S. Pierre Loti of the Messageries[Back page] and I decided to cross the desert at once. You never know when the desert tracks are open and sure - we were a large party of four cars including a 7 passengers Limousine and Wednesday 24th we arrived at Beyrouth for lunch without the least trouble. The ship was leaving at 4 PM and having no reservations I had to accept a second class berth that was transformed into a first class when on board. So far good luck.My intention is to visit North Africa on my way, but I will cross again from Marseille, which we reach tomorrow April 1st. I will be back in Paris in two weeks- address: 3 rue de Chartres Neuilly-sur-Seine:
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SalariesMr. Woolley £800 plus £200.Mrs. Woolley £100 for seasonM. E. L. Mallowan £200 plus £50E. Burrows £200Mr. Woolley's Accounts 1927-28With the exception of very small differences in the November and January accounts, these are correct.The rate of exchange is slightly under 13.3 R to 1 £.G.M. Bruckner:
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Same as U. 687
Fem squats. & suckl_g child :
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Sargon- B. Cont. C.
Moulded in relief:
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Scat_d drap_d god_ss hold_g
patera or wreath.
Miss_g below waist:
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Seat of a chair- Back & 1 leg broken. Rough hatching within double border probably represent a cane_d bottom or mat. :
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Seat_d god_ss full face. Flounc_d
drapery to feet-
head miss_g:
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Seat_d God_ss on throne. Full face h. clasp_d-
Flat head_d Long Flounc_d robe cover_d w. salt. :
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Seat_d God_ss Type VI. 3.
A-head only.
B- "
C- "
D- Broken off at waist. face damage_d
h.90. CBS. 31-43-412.:
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Seat_d God_ss Type VI. 5.
A. Complete
B- " worn. h. 83mm:
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Seat_d god_ss Type VI. II.
From waist up.:
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Seat_d god_ss(?). Flounc_d skirt. Lower portions only. :
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seat_d god_ss, Full Face, hands clasp_g infant to breast. Long flounc_d dress salt encrust_d:
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Seat_d God_ss. Type. VI. 6.
A-Clasp_d hands up.
B- " " ".
C-Head & sh. only
D-Complete-broken, mended. h. 115.:
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Seat_d god_ss. w.l. hand rais_d
Flounc_d Head & torso only:
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Seat_d woman a child small size-From ankles up. :
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SEDGEHILL MANOR,SHAFTESBURY.TELEPHONE: -EAST KNOYLE 58.17. xxii. 56My dear Miss Baker,Your letter was indeed welcome; and it is pleasant, when one gets older and opportunities for travel become rare, to feel that at least one has a personal bond with far-away places and that in them one is not altogether forgotten. I cannot imagine that circumstances will ever again bring me to Philadelphia, but it has played so big a part in my life that the links with it are precious. But how fragile things are! I had thought that I was settled in this house for whatever years remained to me, and, lo & behold!, at the start of next year I leave it. It is sad in a way, for it's a lovely house and I have enjoyed it always: but I'm going to another very nice one which is just outside Winchester and therefore in even better surroundings than this, and I am sharing it with an old:
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SEDGEHILL MANOR,SHAFTESBURY.TELEPHONE: EAST KNOYLE 58.18th December 1955Dead Towns & Living Men 600[zeros are superscripted and underlined]My dear Miss Baker,I have a purely selfish [?rule?], not to write Christmas letters, so saving my own time; but I cannot resist answering your very kind letter to me. I'm so glad that you approve of what has been done in the Birmingham Museum; it seemed such a pity that your original drawings should merely be hidden away in the archives of the British Museum, but in Birmingham they would give life & meaning to the odds & ends of actual objects that I was able to give; and certainly the people there have contrived to make a very effective exhibition, & I was most grateful.I'm sure that your group of enthusiasts at Hickman Hall benefited by your [??talks??] of old times: people do in this way acquire new & valuable interests, and they will always be thankful to you for opening their eyes to fresh things. By the way, do you remember now your own excitement when,:
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see letter Aug 6/27.Against this you have provided grants amounting to £2500, while £21. 2. 5. is due to you in respect of your share of interest and sales. You have therefore a balance of £286. 19. 1. standing to your credit at the commencement of the year 1927-28. We have a balance (with the details of which I need not trouble you) of £233. 9. 7.Out of the surplus thenus available, I have suggested to my Trustees that it might be proper to vote a sum of, say, £50 to Mrs. Woolley, who has during the last two seasons rendered valuable volunteer work to the Joint Expedition in the way of drawing, registering, and housekeeping. My Trustees fully approved of the proposal, and directed me to ask whether you would wish to be associated in this acknowledgement of Mrs. Woolley's services. In that case the £50 would be charged against the joint account; otherwise it would be charged against our share only.For the next season (and I think we are already agreed that another season is desirable, in order to complete the exploration of the cemetery which has been so prolific, and to carry out some supplementary work within the Temenos) Woolley again proposes a total appropriation of £5000. I understand that he has forwarded to you a copy of his estimate, together with some explanatory notes. I need not recapitulate them, but will only say that we are prepared to accept them, except that, since the estimate was prepared, Father Burrows has asked if his salary could be raised to £200, in order that he may buy Assyriological works, which he would take with him for the use/of:
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see that I can assist your judgement in any way. I write only to be able that I have done so, and I shall add that I can say little or nothing to the purpose.yours sincerely[signature] F. G. Kenyon:
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seems well in view of the constantly increasing public interest in archaeology in America to found a school which could supply the demand for workers in this field, training the men so fundamentally in the principals of archaeology as well as in the technique of excavating that at the end of the course they would be well prepared either to assist present excavators or to initiate new work in other fields. We have a demand not only for workers in Egypt and the Near East but also in the Americas and Polynesia and it is our feeling that men with a sound general training would prove more useful in the long run than those forced to specialize immediately. I am enclosing a rather complicated and lengthy questionaire in regard to this school which I am, with diffidence, hoping you will find an opportunity to fill out in so far as the questions seem of importance to you. In view of the statements in your article I feel that no one is more [?cometent?] to advise us along these lines that yourself, and I hope that the matter will be of sufficient interest to you to forgive my calling upon you for assistance. Kindly remember me to Mr. and Mrs. Woolley when you next see them, and please believe meYours sincerely, Horace H. F. JayneDirectorSir Frederic KenyonBritish MuseumLondon:
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send me a copy, if not personally at least for expedition reference? I do! We have this year a great number of seals & you will, I think, be surprised at some of them: That of [??a king's name, not Nebudchanezzar] wife is a beautiful specimen in lapis, & others are equally interesting. But we found so much of interest this year!Yours sincerelyC. Leonard Woolley [script signature with flourish]:
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Sent to Mr. Appleget April 20, 1928[handwritten at top right of page]THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM'SEXPEDITIONS TO MESOPOTAMIA AND PALESTINEThe Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania completed in March of this year the sixth season of work at Ur of the Chaldees. The results of each campaign are outlined below.The First Campaign[title underlined] (1922-1923) discovered the walls of the sacred area or Temenos measuring 400 x 200 M. and their 6 gates; also the great treasury house, E-nun-makh, and the palace of King Dungi, named Ekharsag, the Mountain House.The Second Campaign[title underlined] (1923-1924) cleared the Ziggurat, the brick tower with receding stages and three staircases; also a great courtyard like a modern khan at the foot of the tower. Four miles outside of Ur at Tell al 'Ubaid was excavated an early shrine of the First Dynasty, over 5000 years old.The Third Campaign[title underlined] (1924-1925) achieved the clearing of the Ziggurat and of its surrounding buildings of the Moon God, Nannar, on the north; of Ningal, the Moon Goddess, on the south; discovered the terrace, named Etemenni-gur, supporting the Ziggurat; and the great central shrine of the Moon God, the Edub-lal-makh, with the registrar's offices.The Fourth Campaign[title underlined] (1925-1926) discovered the special house of the Moon Goddess, Egig-par-ku, with shrines, altars, kitchen, statues and stelae; excavated the tomb mound on the site called E-khar-sag, and completed the plan of Dungi's palace.The Fifth Campaign[title underlined] (1926-1927) discovered a very ancient cemetery, over 5000 years old, south of Dungi's palace; the plan of a quarter of the city with streets and houses outside the south angle of the temple; and also the plan of the northeast gate of the temple.The Sixth Campaign[title underlined] (1927-1928) completed the excavation of the prehistoric cemetery where were discovered the royal tombs of kings and queens of Ur of 3500 B.C., buried with rich treasure of gold, silver, and semiprecious stones,:
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separate publication, (2) the commencement of a publication of texts. My own feeling is that texts will be best published in a series of parts or fascicules (like our series of Cuneiform Texts), which can be issued as they are ready, and each of which can be prepared for publication by its own editor, whether in England or America. But I have not yet talked this out with my own people. Of course there would have to be some common understanding as to method. Is there any chance of seeing you over here this year?Yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon.:
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Sept 1924KENYONBRITISH MUSEUMLONDONLETTER AUGUST 29 RECEIVED. AGREED PREPAREDINCREASE CONTRIBUTION IN EQUAL AMOUNT UP TO2125 POUNDS IF REQUIRED LETTER SENTGORDON:
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Sept. 6.Dear Dr Gordon,Kenyon has handed me your letter of the 20th. Woolley wrote to me about these bricks about a week ago and asked me to arrange their despatch to you, which I consented to do for him as he was away at Bath and, I suppose, unable to come to London.Following his indications, I have packed and despatched to you by the cargo steamer leaving the day after tomorrow:
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September 10, 1925Dear Kenyon:I have been thinking a good deal about the problem of dividing last year's discoveries at Ur. The light in which the matter presents itself to my mind is as follows. The large stela is worth much more than all the rest put together; therefore, an equal division is not possible. The solution that I wish to propose for your consideration is as follows. A. That we postpone the division of last year's finds until these finds can be combined with next year or the next two years, in order to furnish a basis for a division more satisfactory than exists at present. B. That the large stela, having been exhibited at the British Museum, shall be exhibited also at the University Museum. This is important from our point of view for two reasons. It is now necessary for us to make the best possible display of Ur finds in order to make an impression. A the end of November, we will open a new wing of the building, in which will be installed all of the new Egyptian collections together with the new Palestine collections and the collections from Ur. We are now installing the exhibits in the rooms of this new wing and I am very anxious to have the stela and anything else than can make the Ur exhibit a success. I submit this proposal for your:
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September 10, 1925My dear Woolley:I received your cable of August 29 which reads as followsCAN LEGRAIN MEET ME IN BAGHDAD OCTOBER 26th WOOLLEY.I replied as followsYES SUBJECT ADVICES FROM KENYON RESPECTING FUNDS STOP WE HAVE £2500 ON HAND AS OUR HALF SHARE ACCORDING YOUR ESTIMATE GORDONand received from the Director of the British Museum the following messageYOUR CABLE TO WOOLLEY EXPECT TO BE ABLE TO RAISE FUNDS FOR SEASON KENYON.Of course, Dr. Legrain will be ready to join you at whatever time you desire in case Kenyon's expectations shall have been realized. I have purposely refrained from writing you during the summer on Expedition matters, knowing that you would be much occupied with the care and arrangement of the collections from Ur and the exhibition of last year's things. As the time approaches for the next Expedition and as your cable reminds me that we must be thinking of it, I will set down all those points which I think need careful consideration as between you as Director of the Joint Expedition and the two Museums to which you are accredited. I feel:
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September 10, 1928My dear Mr. Woolley:Now that vacation time has cometo an end I can get down to the regularroutine of Museum business. I have toacknowledge your letter of July 11 withwhich you sent your statement of accountsand your programme for next season. Withthe exception of one or two slight dif-ferences in the figures of your monthlyaccounts and this final one, the accountsare quite correct. Sir Frederic Kenyonwrote to us about the \"grant in aid.\" Wedo indeed agree that this is a just allow-ance for the extra expense to which youhave been put in arranging the collectionsin London.Miss Baker, a member of our Museum staff, has just returned from Europeand gives us a glowing account of yourexhibition. She tells me that the day shewas in, the halls were quite crowded and your countrymen and women appear to takemuch pride in the great finds of last year.We are having a meeting of ourBoard on September 21 when I shall submityour plans for next year to our Managers.I shall let you hear from me immediately after the meeting.We are all delighted to hear thatMrs. Woolley is coming over to America withyou next March.I want to thank you for the photo-:
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September 10, 1928My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:I must apologise for the long delayin acknowledging your letter of July 13 whichcame during my absence from the Museum. Thisletter, no doubt, crossed Mr. McMichael'sletter to you of July 13 which had reference to the division of finds of the last twoseasons and to Dr. Legrain's visit to you.Dr. Legrain has no doubt gotten into communica-tion with you before this.Considering the extra expense andwork which were entailed in getting the exhibi-tion ready this season, we feel that the addi-tional grants to Mr. Woolley and Mr. Mallowanwere justified.Enthusiastic reports have come to usfrom Americans who have seen the Ur exhibitionin your Museum this summer. I hope that when our share of the collections is put on view, it will arouse as much enthusiasm on this side of the water as it has on yours.We are having our first Board Meetingof the year on September 21, when I shall submitMr. Woolley's plan for work at Ur during thecoming year and I shall then let you know the decision of the Managers with reference to it. Ifeel quite sure that Mr. Woolley's recommendationswill meet with their approval.Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British Museum:
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September 10. 1924My dear Woolley:I have your letter of August 29th addressed to Kenyon with a signed copy forwarded to me by him. I note the following points.There was an uncertainty as to whether de Jong would join the expedition and the position of the architect remained uncertain. Personally I should regret if you should feel compelled either for lack of a competent man or for lack of funds to go without an architect as an assistant this year. I hope to hear from you soon as to whether or not de Jong will go with you.You are quite right in stating that you did not demand additional funds last year. It is also a fact that Kenyon and myself interpreted your statement regarding the funds as an intimation that you would need more in order to bring the season to a satisfactory conclusion. I do not see what other construction we could have put upon your statement. Let me say, however, that this is a matter that need not concern you now and there is no occasion for you to feel that you owe any further explanation. With regard to your letter as a whole, barring one or two errors, everyone will agree that it is a perfectly fair statement.Your view that the present budget of the expedition is not an economical one is a possibility which I had already well considered and it is one which all of us will do well to consider carefully. In order that both Museums should be informed of the progress of your work and the condition of your funds I would suggest that you write twice each month a very brief statement of the progress of the expedition and the expenditure of the funds. The great distance that your work lies from both Museums and the distance between the two Museums themselves make it most desirable that we should be kept informed as well as possible through the mails of what is going on in order that we may be able to see in advance what the requirement of the expedition may be. Your fortnightly statement need not be and should not be long, but should be concise.:
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September 11, 1925Dear Kenyon:A few days ago, I received from Mr. Woolley the following cableCAN LEGRAIN MEET ME IN BAGHDAD OCTOBER 26th WOOLLEYto which I replied as followsYES SUBJECT ADVICES FROM KENYON RESPECT-ING FUNDS STOP WE HAVE £2500 ON HAND AS OUR HALF SHARE ACCORDING YOUR ESTIMATE GORDON.I also have your cable which readsYOUR CABLE TO WOOLLEY EXPECT TO BE ABLE TO RAISE FUNDS FOR SEASON KENYON.It would appear in these circum-stances that we may reasonably expect to renew the Expedition in November. I congrat-ulate you on your success in raising funds and trust that you will have received the whole amount in due time.I am glad that Woolley has succeeded in finding an architect to suit him, and also that young Mallowan promises to be a helpful acquisition.Will you be good enough to let me know at your convenience what you would do with reference to Mr. Woolley's request that he be paid at the rate of £800. a year? My own feel-ing, I think I told you, is that I would grant this request provided the funds of the Expedition will warrant it. Very sincerely yoursSIR FREDERIC KENYON Director:
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September 14, 1925Dear Doctor Legrain:You may recall that I have spoken to you recently about a Fellowship in Archaeology that has been established in this Museum. I now wish to make you acquainted with further details of this Fellowship since it concerns your Section of the Museum together with the Egyptian Section.The Fellowship is known as the George Leib Harrison Fellowship.It pays a stipend of $1500. a year and may be held two years in succession. The holder of the Fellowship will be expected to study abroad at least a part of the time, and will be required to maintain connection with one or more of the Museum's Expeditions in the Near East, assisting these Expeditions in the field or in the Museum.The qualifications of the holder of the Fellowship are those which naturally pertain to the best interests of the two fields of study for which the Fellowship is available. Applicants will be expected to have had a suitable foundation in their previous studies.I would suggest that you have in mind the choice of a candidate for the Fellowship in Babylonian Archaeology.I have sent a notice of the creation of this Fellowship to the following scholars: Prof. Jean Capart, Dr. F. Thureau-Dangin, Rev. V. Scheil, Dr. D. G. Hogarth, Sir Frederic Kenyon, Prof. F. Ll. Griffith, Prof. A. T. Clay, Prof. David Gordon Lyon, Prof. George H. Chase, The Director of the School of Oriental Studies in London, Prof. William J. Hinke, Prof. James A. Montgomery, Prof. William N. Bates, Prof. Walter W. Hyde and Prof. George A. Barton.Very truly yours, G B Gordon Director Dr. Leon Legrain Curator Babylonian Section The University Museum:
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September 15, 1925My dear Woolley:This letter will introduce to you Mr. Charles K. Payne of Charleston, West Virginia, who is about to travel to Baghdad and hopes to visit the excavations, a subject in which he has a very keen interest. I am sure that it is hardly necessary for me to bespeak your good offices on Mr. Payne's behalf, for I know that you will do all in your power to make his visit to the ruins agreeable and interesting. With my best regards,Very sincerely yoursC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, ESQ.Director of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the University MuseumUr, Iraq:
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September 16, 1924Dear Woolley:The American Press has asked me to say to you that they have been much interested in your reports and the photographs that accompanied them. They continue to feel the same interest and look forward to receiving further reports from you during the coming winter. They venture, in the interest of their readers to make one or two suggestions with regard to photographs. They would like photographs that actually show work going on. They like to have some photographs that have life. They would like also some photographs showing actual groups of the natives of Irak. They would also like photographs showing members of the expedition. Still another request is for a good photograph of yourself in the field. Any pictures showing such activities as cleaning and packing, house servants and your living arrangements at Ur would add to the interest of your reports. These requests, I may say, are in keeping with the tradition of American journalism. At the same time that these requests are made they express their appreciation and admiration for the photographs that they have received which admirably show the scientific resuls. What they are after now in addition to these is something of the human side of the expedition and its surroundings.I write you this with the thought that it will reach you on the ve of your departure and I would be very much obliged to you if you would keep it in mind.Very sincerely yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, Esq.The British MuseumLondon, England:
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September 16, 1924My dear Woolley:On September 10th I wrote you a letter which I snow supplement with a reminder that we have not received the complete set of photographs of last year's campaign at Ur. In your letter of May 24th you wrote: \"I shall soon be sending you a complete set of the season's photographs. I have waited until now without receiving them. I do not know whether I am to think that the matter has slipped your memory or whether some obstacle has intervened to prevent you from fulfilling your part. I trust that you will enlighten me and in any case I will continue to look and hope for a complete set of these photographs.Dr. Legrain leaves tomorrow and as the time is approaching for your own departure I hope to get a report from you as to the progress made in the repairing of the objects obtained last season and the reproduction of those objects that are to be returned to Baghdad. I should like to be informed as soon as our copies of these objects are ready.Very truly yoursDirectorC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, Esq.The British MuseumLondon, England:
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September 21, 1926Attached heretonare,A. Exact copies of statements submitted by the Director of the Joint Expedition to Ur at the end of season 1925-1926. These are marked 1 and 2.B. Statements marked 1 A and 2 A which are made up from report submitted by Director of the Joint Expedition at end of season 1924-25; from his monthly reports and from the accounts of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.A comparison of these figures shows the following differences.STATEMENT I AND I A.In report for year, November expenses are £. s. d.entered, "For November (as corrected)....... 765. 9. 7In statement rendered at end of Novemberthe figure given is ........................ 727. 9. 10.(The Museum has not received a correctedstatement for November) Mistake in addition in Nov. a/c 765.9.7 (OKUnder heading, "Direct payments made byMuseum, "Dr. Legrain's salary is entered.... 350. 0. 0.The pound sterling has been computed at$5.00, whereas computing the pound ster-ling at rate of exchange, $4.87, the figureshould be .................................. 359. 6. 11.STATEMENT 2 AND 2 A.Under heading AThe figure given for balance from year1924-25 taken from Director's report is .... 755. 19. 7.Director's report submitted at end ofseason 1924-25 given balance for thatperiod as .................................. 855. 19. 7Under heading CDirector credits University Museum with .... 1869. 0. 0The actual remittance made by the UniversityMuseum to the Eastern Bank, Ltd. for season1925-26 was ................................ 1994. 0. 0(a remittance made on April 13 in the sum of£125. appears to have been overlooked by theDirector of the Joint Expedition):
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September 22, 1926Dear Mr. Woolley:Upon my return to the Museum Dr. Gordon handed me your statement of the accounts of the Joint Expedition to Ur for the period July 1, 1925 to June 30, 1926. We have now checked this up with your statement for the year ending June 30, 1925, with the monthly statements submitted by you during the course of the Expedition and with our own books. We find certain differences in these accounts which we have indicated on the sheets which I am now enclosing to you. On sheets marked 1 and 2 we have copied the statement of accounts for the year 1925-26 submitted by you. On sheets marked 1 A and 2 A we have made up statements from our records, these records having been taken from your monthly reports and from remittances made by this Museum.The principal items to which I would call your attention are, the balance carried over from the year 1924-25 and the payments made by this Museum to the Eastern Bank, Ltd., London. On April 14th, 1926 we sent to Sir Frederic Kenyon, draft No. 11 on London, drawn to the order of the Eastern Bank, Ltd. in the sum of £125. which was the balance due by us for the expenses of the Expedition for the season 1925-26. We do not find this item entered in your accounts.Will you be kind enough to check up on these accounts which I am now sending to you and let us hear from you at your convenience?I was sorry to have missed you when I was in London last month. I shall hope for better luck next time.With best regardsVery sincerely yoursAsst. TreasurerC. LEONARD WOOLLEY, Esq., Director:
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September 26, 1931F.P. Keppel, Esq., President of the Carnegie Corporation, New York, N. Y.Dear Mr. Keppel:-I enclose the memorandum which you wished me to send concerning the matter of our Ur publications. I cannot say how much I hope that the Board may see fit to help us; but in any case I should like to express any thanks for the very kind reception which you yourself gave my suggestion.Yours very truly,Director of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.:
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September 4, 1924My dear Kenyon:Today I sent you a cable as follows.MANDILES CHIOSERAI AFGESTUIT UP TO &POUND;1500. REAVERTIR HALF SEEBEUTEL LEGRAIN SAILING SEEIGELwhich decoded is as follows.WE WILL MEET CONDITIONS AS PER YOUR LETTER OF AUGUST 12 UP TO &POUND;1,500.. WEWILL REMIT HALF ABOUT END OF SEPTEMBER. LEGRAIN SAILING SEPTEMBER 17TH.By this I simply meant to indicate to you that the proposal made in your letter of August 12th was acceptable to us as a basis for conducting the joint expedition to Ur during the coming season. I do not know that there is anything that I can add. You will already have received my letter of August 4th in which I indicated that we would be prepared to grant the sum of [?there is a conglomeration of the number 25 in the left margin in some way interacting with the typewritten £ , 125?]. or half of Woolley's estimated amount provided you could do the same. I may say now for your information that we will hold ourselves ready at any time during the period that the expedition is in the field to bring our grant up to that figure in case you should do the same and in case the expedition could use it in the field to advantage. I enclose copy of a letter which I have just addressed to Woolley.Very faithfully yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYON, DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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September 5, 1924My dear Woolley:I can now state that I have seen the articles which you sent on approval and which have arrived safely. I do not know whether you submitted these to the British Museum before sending them here and I do not know whether there is anything which they would care to consider. Any transaction of this kind that we make must be with the understanding of the British Museum. If there is anything in which both institutions are interested a way can be found of deciding whether they should go to one or the other. Will you be good enough to let me know whether these articles have been submitted to the British Museum and whether or not they are interested?I may say that this Museum would be interested in all of these things, but not necessarily at the prices quoted by you. The price of the first object quoted on your list, the gold ring, appears to be much too high. The other prices are more reasonable and compare about evenly with prices asked by New York dealers for similar objects. The prices for such things are evidently much higher in London as proved by the fact that the bronze mirror was in London valued at between £120 and £150. Such prices as that do not prevail in this country.When I shall have heard from you with regard to the British Museum I shall be in a position to make a decision. I may state that I doubt whether in any case we would buy the ring at £120. Perhaps you might wish to offer it to some other Museum in this country.Very truly yoursDirector:
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September 5, 1924My dear Woolley:I have been in correspondence with the Director of the British Museum and he will doubtless have told you what arrangements have been agreed upon for a continuation of the Joint Expedition to Ur next season.You will find that your grant for the coming campaign will be less than heretofore. This cannot be helped at present and you will have to plan the work of the expedition accordingly. The sum that will be available for you is £3,000. You will realize that it will be necessary for you to practice the utmost economy in the expenditure of this fund. How your economies are to be effected you will be the best judge. Your estimate for this season indicate an allowance for workmen of £1370 and for other expenses of the expedition £2880. My own thought would be that the saving should be effected not in the workmen's payroll but by preference in other items. By a careful examination of these items I have no doubt that you will be able to effect a saving at different points. An instance that occurs to me is that of guards. For the payment of guards you last estimate shows an expenditure of £250. This is much in excess of what we have paid for guards either at Beisan in Palestine or at Memphis in Egypt. At either place guards have not cost us more than £60 in any one year. I, of course, do not know what the corresponding conditions may be in Mesopotamia. I need not enter into the other items of expenditure in your account. I have no doubt that you will find that some of these can be reduced without too seriously impairing the efficiency of the expedition. You may even have to reduce to some extent the scope of the excavations themselves, but I hope that this may not be necessary. I realize that to cut down the grant means new problems for you, but since the two Institutions are agreed that not more than £3,000. can be granted this year, I feel confident that you will do your utmost to conduct the coming campaign on that sum in a way that will be creditable to everyone concerned.Dr. Legrain will be leaving here on the 17th of September and will join you at Baghdad on the 25th of October according to the arrangement that he made with youin London. We will give Dr. Legrain funds to carry him through to Baghdad. He will draw his salary from the Museum during the time that he is on the expedition. His salary for six months will be charged to the expedition account and will amount to $1,750. Dr. Legrain will hand you in Baghdad a statement of his expenses on the journey and will transfer to you any balance which may remain to him of the sum given him here.Very sincerely yoursP. S. It is understood that Dr. Legrain will be second in command:
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September 5, 1924Page 2of the Expedition and will take charge in case of anything happening to you. He will also be empowered to draw against the funds of the expedition deposited with the Eastern Bank in London, Basra and Baghdad. We will write direct to the Eastern Bank in London transmitting to them Dr. Legrain's certified signature.:
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September 8, 1925Dear Kenyon:I have had for several days your letter of July 31 and have read over the accounts of the Joint Expedition submitted therein for the year 1924-25. I have compared thisthese with the statement sent a little earlier by Mr. Woolley.I find that the two statements agree as to the cost of the Expedition, namely, £4512.11.6. I find also that the contributions made by the University Museum are reported correctly by you and also by Mr. Woolley. On the other hand the contributions made by the British Museum reported by you as amounting to £2146.11.3 do not agree with the statement made in Mr. Woolley's report. Mr. Woolley's report represents the payments made into the Eastern Bank by the British Museum as £2488.16.0. In addition to this, Mr. Woolley credits to the British Museum a direct payment of £60.1.11 and also a balance from the season 1923-24 amounting to £130.0.1. To these contributions, Mr. Woolley adds \"Iraq subscriptions\" amounting to £250.4.10; making a total credit to the British Museum of £2929.2.10.It will be seen that between your statement and that of Mr. Woolley, there is a difference of £782.11.7 in the contributions of the British Museum. I am writing to Mr. Woolley by the same mail calling his attention to this discrepancy. Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYON:
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September 8, 1925My dear Woolley:I have deferred answering your letter of July 18 enclosing your accounts of the Joint Expedition for the year 1924-1925.I now write you with special reference to these accounts. Our examination of your statement reveals the following.A. Your statement of the amount paid into the Eastern Bank by the University Museum agrees with our records. The balance carried over from the Expedition 1925-24 and credited to the University Museum agrees with our figures. The amount paid to Dr. Legrain by the University Museum on behalf of the Expedition is correctly stated by you. B. According to your statement. the amount paid into the Eastern Bank by the British Museum is £2488.16.0 and in addition a direct payment to you of £60.1.11. You also state that a balance of £130.0.1 from the 1923-24 Expedition was credited to the British Museum. You have also credited to the British Museum a sum of £250.4.10 which you describe as \"Iraq subscriptions\". In this way, you arrive at a sum of £2929.2.10 as the British Museum's contribution last year. We are somewhat perplexed by these figures of yours (in paragraph B) and by a discrepancy between them and the figures which we have received from the Director of the British Museum. According to the latter, the total amount contributed by the British Museum was £2146.11.3.:
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September 9, 1924Dear Kenyon,I am enclosing herewith draft of Messrs. Brown Brothers & Co. No. [6060 or 6069] in the amount of £750 sterling. It is drawn to the order of the Eastern Bank, Ltd. to be placed to the credit of the Mesopotamian Expedition Fund. This covers one half of the sum of £1,500. sterling agreed upon. The remainder of our share will be paid in at the end of December.I am also enclosing herewith two cards bearing Dr. Legrain's signature, certified by myself, and I will be very much obliged to you if you will certify my signature to the Eastern Bank in order that Dr. Legrain may be empowered to draw against the fund. It is, of course, understoof that this power will be used only in case of absence or disability on the part of Mr. Woolley.Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYON The British MuseumLondon, England:
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September 9th 1929 Dear Miss MacHugh My expences [sic] during the week. - July 22 to July 27- which I spent in London working at the British Museum on the Ur collections amounted to [British Pound sign] 12.0.6 including Boulogne London and back, load [?] and lodging at the Thackeray Hotel.Very sincerely yours L. Legrain:
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Serpent. :
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Shaven man, hold_g staff in rt. h.
l. hand to breast.
Broken at waist. Weak.:
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Shephard w. crook. Wavy hair, tied w. scarf and covered w a round woollen cap (Gudea style) w. thick edges. Hair hanging on the neck, pleated beard. Earrings
Fringed shawl over left shoulder, descends to the knees. Necklace & bracelets
Calves & kneecaps carefully modelled.
Left arm wrapped in shawl. Right bare. (Like Martu god of Amurru) Seps towards left. Before him is placed:
on a brick base (or altar with ramp of access, an offering table (dish on 3 legs) supporting a pile of shew bread. (bricks like 5+1)- Bull's feet legs.
Moulded plaque, with spreading base- to place against a wall
Brick base seems to be knee high. He walks on a brick pavement.
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should propose to insert at the end, in a group by themselves. You are probably in a rather suspended condition owing to Gordon's death; I suppose however the continuity of his policy is hardly likely to be interrupted? Very exciting finds at Ur this season, don't you think? I am very anxious to see that golddagger, and very curious about the alleged \"unknown kings of Ur\". Best wishes. Yours very sincerely. C.J. Gadd.:
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Shoulders-
Necklace-
Kaunakes robe with sleeves covering arms.:
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Shrine (parakku). Hand mod_d - Convex
back. Front rounded arch. Top decorated w. four stars or rosetles, and 2 spears point up on either sides. Top figure is broken. :
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Sir Leonard Woolley, June 30, 1948 (continuation) -2 I shall not be leaving for England before sometime in October but it is my intention to meet some of our people in Turkey during November so perhaps we can then discuss this problem more fully.Very best wishes,Froelich RaineyDirectorSir Leonard WoolleyNew Hall,Small Dole,Henfield,Sussex, EnglandFR:GSEnclosure:
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Sir,I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statement of the accountsof your Expedition for the month of January 1927.The details call for little comment. The item for Father Burrows is ofcourse exceptional, an so is that for the compensation to the relatives of a man killed on the work: but neither of these could be avoided. The wages bill appears somewhat heavy considering the number of men employed, but the finds have been so rich that the \"baksheesh\" account has been unusually large.I propose to close down the actual digging on Feburary 19th; this is anearly date but as late as my funds will allow me to run, and even so I may be running very close to the mark. But the season has been remarkably successful in the amassing of Museum objects, and the extra time in the summer for work-ing over the material will be welcome. I have given notice to the authorities in Baghdad of the date of closing down and hope to arrange the division of the antiquities for about the 20th of the month.I expect to have to meet certain expenses during the summer and therefore should keep a reserve in hand after the end of the season here, but of course shall have to adapt my plans to the circumstances. While it is tempting to spend up to my limit on the excavations which are paying us so handsomely the scienti-fic necessity for doing so is not imperative: we have now dug over 500 graves, and thought it would repay us to dig as many more as possible I could have no cer-tainty that an extra week or fortnight would exhaust the cemetry; it therefore seems best to end the season on the date fixed and to keep any further moneys thatmay be available for work at home.:
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SITE ABBREVIATIONSAD DiqdiqqehAH The main Isin-Larsa and later residential quarterBC The Mausolea of Shulgi and Amar-SuenaCLW The NE city wall, central sectionDLM Dublal-mahDM Dublal-mahDP E-hursagEH E-hursag, area in S corner of TemenosEM Larsa houses on the SW side of the Temenos (squares S-V/44-46)ES Dub-lal-mah, building S of main courtESB Dub-lal-mah, building SE of main courtHD Near great Nanna courtyardHT Palace of Ur-Nammu and ShulgiKP Gi-par-kuKPS Southern part of KP site (king's palace) = site between Gipar-ku and E-hursag sitesKW Area outside city wall, northern endLG Larsa graveLL Dub-lal-mahLW Wall of inner cityNCF Nebuchadnezzar's corner fort in the W angle of the Temenos between the NW well of the ziqqurrat terrace and the Temenos wallNH North HarbourNT Nebuchadnezzar's temple on the E side of the city wall (site of Nin-giz-zida and Nin-ezen temple)NTB Area just outside the city behind the Nin-ezen templePD(W) The great Nanna courtyardPFT The Flood PitPG(A) Royal Cemetery area:
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Six Frag_ts of broken clay jar Necks. w. short inscript giving the capacity in qa(pint) measures
172/172/77/192/189 etc outside decorated w. 5 grooves. :
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Sketch U 7122
Zoo morphic vase w bull? head decoral :
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Sketch.
Ibex head. Fine design. Buff clay. :
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Skirt of scat_d fig. between 2
birds-
Drab. Mould_d.:
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SKY FARMNORTH HAVEN, MAINEAug. 19. 1931Dear Miss McHugh,Very many thanks for letting me have the information so promptly. Now that I'm over here I think that I can arrange [??myself?] for any further lectures, so please don't bother to do any more on my behalf.I'll write later & let you know the date on which I shall reach Philadelphia--it will be somewhere about Sept. 7th as Mr. Jayne suggested. Looking forward to my visit.Yours sincerely, C. Leonard Woolley:
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SLOANE 201512 ROYAL AVENUE,CHELSEA,S.W.3.June 16. 1933Dear Legrain,I was very pleased to received your MS safely. I have gone through it & appreciate it very much. In virtue of my position as \"general editor\", I have ventured on one or two verbal alterations & alterations of punctuation but have not in any way interfered with your sense or expression: I trust that you won't object to this. Now it goes to Press. Would you like to have proofs sent to you? if so I'll send them out as soon as they are:
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Sloughi dog.
[backside] of Jsatrow Bildor. Type 71 B:
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Small boat- Light clay model. Prow broken off, is pierced w a hole.:
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Small Fem. Fig= U. 3015? seat_d on chair-Broken below knees.:
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Small glass bottle. Blue grey. Decorat_d w. an applied comb_d pattern in white. Phoenician workmanship. c. 1400 BC
(See Large photo print):
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Small seat_d godd_ss Type VI 10
Complete to knees-Rough:
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Snake-Fr_t:
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Snakes
Neo-Bab.
Mud Fig.
(Papsukal)
same
collection
w. corn KP.:
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some in the Ashmolean museum, anticipating their eventual fate. Please give my best regards to Miss Allen she must indeed have been thankful to have re-visited her family before ( more losses?) struck it. And please take for (?) all my fond wishes and remembrances.Yours very sincerelyLeonard Woolley:
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Sow
Found against drain outside SE.
main wall
[259]circled and crossed out]:
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Spetember 26, 1928My dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:I am sending you here-with draft No. 6476 drawn to theorder of C. Leonard Woolley inthe sum of £1250 sterling, thisbeing one half of our share ofthe expense of the Ur Expeditionfor the coming season. ShouldMr. Woolley have left Londonbefore the receipt of this draft, it may be deposited to his accountin the Eastern Bank, London.Very sincerely yoursAssistant TreasurerSIR FREDERIC KENYONDirectorThe British MuseumLondon:
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Spouted clay vase. Incised (=Granny):
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St Joseph's Hospital. April 11.35.Dear Mr Jayne -Many thanks for your sympathetical letters. I am in the hands of the Doctors.. and there is still hope. They do their best. But, as you know: it is the survival of the fittest. and I am still fighting.Yes I missed the luncheon at Mrs Mark[?] and I am afraid I will have to use discretion on many luncheons, dinners:
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ST MARK'S VICARAGE,SANDRINGHAM ROAD,DALSTON, E.8.August 16 1937Dr. LegrainMuseum of the Un of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia.Dear Sir,In 1929 I was in the British Museum and saw the exhibits from Ur.I would like to get a description of the design on an ornament U.10795 see Royal Cemetery page 561.As near as I can recall there seemed to be designs very much like our Union Jack. May I ask if you would think the Triple Cross was used generally during that period, or if it was confined to the use of Royalty? I should so much like a simple drawing of the above object. Can I presume upon your good nature for this and any comments you could make?Thanking you in expectation for anything you may do for me in this connection,Believe me,Your's[sic] sincerely,[script signature, possibly J. O. Vince, underscored]:
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Stand_g god & god_ss- long dress w pleat_d flounces- Each w. l arm about the other. Full face.
(=17127. Diff mould.) :
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Stand_g god, beard_d, horn_d cap
hold_g weapons.:
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Stand_g god. Hands clasp_d at waist
TC. relief :
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Stand_g male drap_d full face only from hands down.:
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Stand_g man drap_d Full face. long beard, h. clasp_d Drapery to face. :
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STANMORE,164, KEW ROAD,RICHMOND.12.5.35Dear Miss CrossWould you kindly tell whether the further search amongst the silver tubing found at Ur has had any [?marked?] result? In your last kind letter you said that they appeared to be the remains of another or even a fourth pipe. As I now putting my notes together on the Sumerian Musical Instruments, I should be glad to know the latest report on these particularly interesting finds.If they have been photographed I should greatly value a print--and will send you the fee for it.I am[Illegible] gratefullyFrancis W. Galpin [signature underlined]:
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STANMORE,164, KEW ROAD,RICHMOND.Surrey, England.26.12.34Dear Miss CrossNow that the rush of Christmas is over I hope to get on with my Sumerian Music. I have been unfortunately side-tracked by having to write something about Indian Instruments and the debt we owe in this respect to that ancient country: a book \"The Legacy of India,\" is to be issued shortly by the Oxford University Press.I shall be glad to hear the further results of your minute examination of the twisted silver and whether the third[word underlined] pipe [illegible]. If so, it may supply further details of the number and spacing of the holes.I shall be very grateful for any particulars as to distances and sizes of the holes in Pipe 3 or in any other new bits you have found.Please accept this [illegible] little card of [illegible] when I was a curate in London nearly 50 years ago I used to work at this old Dickens Shop.Yours SincerelyFrancis W. Galpin [signature underlined]:
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STATEMENTS SHOWING CREDITS TO THE ACCOUNT OF THE JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM AND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA FOR THE YEAR 1925-26 TAKEN FROM REPORTS T SUBMITTED BY C. LEONARDWOOLLEY AND FROM THE BOOKS OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIAA. Balance for year 1924-25 taken from state- ment submitted by C. Leonard Woolley at end of that season. £. s. d. By credit Eastern Bank, London 685. 19. 5 £. s. d. By credit Eastern Bank, Basra 170. 0. 2 855. 19. 7B. Remittance British Museum .......................... 1659. 0. 11C. Remittances to Eastern Bank by the Muse- um of the University of Pennsylvania October 16 ..................... 1000. 0. 0. December 12 .................... 869. 0. 0. April 13 ....................... 125. 0. 0. 1994. 0. 0.D. Moneys handed L. Legrain by Museum Travelling expenses $700. @ $4.87 ....... 143. 14. 11. Salary, six months $1750. @ $4.87 ...... 359. 6. 11 503. 1. 10.E. Direct payments .................................... 17. 8. TOTAL PAYMENTS BY THE TWO MUSEUM ............... 5013. 0. 0.F. Interest on deposit at Eastern Bank ................ 2. 4. 0.G. By sale of reports in Iraq ......................... 36. 6. 0. TOTAL FUNDS AVAILABLE TO DATE .................. 5051. 10. 0. BALANCE DUE .................................... 91. 13. 7 TOTAL .......................................... 5143. 3. 7.:
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Stool model
Sq. seat w cane centre.
2 legs broken:
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Stool w. wicker work seat. :
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Stool w. wicker- work seat. :
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such concerns. Would you wish that I should send on all this IIIrd Dynasty material direct to the Museum for Legrain's benefit? I think he'd like to add it to what he already has, & it would certainly make for consistent publication.Yours sincerelyC Leonard Woolley [flourish under signature]:
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such traces exist as would place it in Category No2? If so, I should be inclined to call it a Lyre-harp, as it appears to be a hybrid between the bow-shaped harp first found at Ur and the more usual Lyre.When I inspected this Lyre at the British Museum I noticed how flattened it was by the soil pressure, but could you give me any idea of the probable width of the sound-board (from A to B on the sketch No2), as that would help to identify its true character. The ordinary Lyre sound box is shallow from 2\" to 2 1/2\" across at the topâa boat-shaped sound box for a harp[underlined] would naturally be wider, as the strings would not have to pass over its sides. I presume that the whole[underlined] sound box of this instrument was covered with silver-plate and not the back and sides only. Apologizing for the trouble I am giving you, which shall be duly acknowledgedI am Dear SirYours trulyFrancis W. Galpin[signature underlined]When I was cataloguing the large collection of Musical Instruments at the Museum of Art, New York I had the great pleasure of visiting that of your [?institution?] at Philadelphia:
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suit me, but usually I am certain to be in the office from 11 to 1 and again from 3 to 7 and you will telephone we can fix a time convenient to you.To telephone ring up the Colonial Office and ask for me by name.Yours sincerely[signature][?R.W. Bullard?]:
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Sumer? The farther back you go the more (rather than the less) civilized and clever they become, and that, after all, is what they thought about themselves.You are losing men fast in America now: a while ago it way Clay, then Gordon, and now Luckenbill has died over here. We saw a good deal of him while he was lying sick, and everything seemed to be going normally until towards the end, when some complication, still uncertain, came on, and it was soon over. It is a very great loss indeed and I do not know how he can be replaced for the work which he had undertaken. I imagine there will be found very few men with the courage to go on with the Dictionary - it is the greatest pity, especially as he had every reason to hope for many years yet of useful work.Excuse so long a letter; I hope to do better soon by seeing you in person when you come over. All good wishes.Yours very sincerely,C. J. Gadd.:
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Sumerian Lyre[underlined][sketch: harp or lyre, Ur:12355][very faint words appear under the number. They are Iran Museum, Baghdad](2) or were the strings attached Harp-wise[underlined] like this? If so there should be traces of small holes in the metal or marks of a bar. What was the original thickness[underlined] of the body across the level top where the strings would enter? (AâB):
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Summarised Account. £ s dA. Preliminary Expenses 84 5 7½B. Travelling Expenses 277 19 9½ C. Purchases for work 165 4 4D. Miscellaneous Expeditionary Expenses 75 6 3E. Wages, Excavations account. 285 6 7F. Purchases for House 68 1 7½G. House-building 240 17 1H. Living Expenses to Nov. 30. 70 3 5I. Salary, Mr. F.G. Newton, 66 0 0 _________________________ 1333 4 8½ _________________________:
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SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR 1925-26 FROM REPORTS SUBMITTED BY C. LEONARD WOOLLEY TAKEN FROM RECORDS ON BOOKS OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNA.Totals of accounts as rendered: £. s. d. For the period July 1 to October 31 ... 1015. 8. 1. For November .......................... 727. 9. 10. For December .......................... 668. 14. 4. For January ........................... 583. 11. 9. For February .......................... 519. 16. 2. For the period of March 1 to June 30 .. 1268. 2. 10. TOTAL ..... 4821. 3. 0.Direct payments made by the Museums By Philadelphia to Dr. Legrain for salary. 6 months, $1,750. @ $4.87 ............................... 359. 6. 11. By the British Museum, transmitting charges ............................... 17. 8 360. 4. 7. TOTAL EXPENDITURE ON EXPEDITION .. 5143. 7. 7:
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Supporting 2 crouched lions, and 2 standing_fem?_figures
The sphinx has a woman's head, flat and triangular-Hair tied w. a band no visible horn_d diadem.
Necklaces in tiers.
The standing fig. wear fringed shawl
*
cp. Kish mud head-IIId Lond. News Feb.8.1930-p.213: Painted head-IIId Lond. N. no 4715 p.374 (AOF.VI.I.p.35)
-cf. Fig.4.in J.A. 1929: Rapport sur Fouilles de Kish, by L.Ch.Watelin
-Also Times Aug 19, 1929.:
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Surface area of came?
Clay fig. snowman technique?
Rider on horse back-
left - Arms broken off.
:
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survive the strain to greet you when you arrive.Yours sincerelySidney Smith.:
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SW. near grave SW. 2 bottom of Pers. level
TC. Beard_d man. wearing a Pers. cap & hold_g his h. one above the other before his breast-Fr_t. From waist up.:
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1
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T.C. Animal fig.:
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T.C. animal. Prehistoric. reddish ware w. paint_d Square design and tooth design on back
Possibly pig. Head missing.
[259 circled]top of page]:
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T.C. Birds:
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1
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T.C. fig.
Beard_d male, nude, w. sickle in
rt. & bird in lt. hand.:
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1
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T.C. Fig. Nude fem hold _ g an offering table upside down?
suspended by a string. (bottle?) Missing above legs.:
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1
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T.C. head, broken off at neck. of typical
al'Ubais. Fig. Drabelay not painted:
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1
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T.C. Puzuzu mask.
Much. lined details
Type XIV. 10
[drawing indicated] middle of forehead.:
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T.C. red clay. Nude Fem. stand_g. h. clasp_d below the breasts. Much rub_d:
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1
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T.C. relief-Nude Fem. Fig. w. h. to breast. Tall feather_d or turret_d headd. Girdle-At each side a bird(?)& a staff broken off at thight. :
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1
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T.C. relief. Nude fem. Upper part only:
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1
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T.W. NE. face near cross section
T.C. relief. Head beard_d god - horned crown
Behind, hole. to fix it to back ground. :
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tablets I must leave him to clean [clear?] up when he returns about July 15th. So will you arrange to come here whenever it suits you: but let me have as much notice of your arrival, and of what objects you wish to study, as you can manage.We all wish you a good journey and happy vacation.Yours sincerelySidney Smith:
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Tambourine player [Circled:] Type III B.
A- Broken diagonal_y- rt. arm to l. thigh.
h. 130
B- Broken at waist.
C- Head miss_g h. 120.
D- Broken below hands h. 80
:
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Tambourine player. [circled:] Typo III. a.
A-E. ( Subspecies. 1)
F-R ( " 2)
A- hips up
B- waist up
C- 31-43-401 Knees up
head smaller
D- thighs up
E- waist up
F- waist up
G- minus head & feet -
H- . id. 100mm
J- broken at waist: 31-43-402
K- " thighs: (type III U. 1344)
L- " knees: 31-43-400
M- " feet. h. 160
N- waist up.
O- hips up, smaller. h 75
P- Waist up. h. 70
R- Hips up h. 85:
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TC - relief. Head of a lion, seen full face. :
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1
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Tc cha puma-From Larsa rubbish
pit in PG.:
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1
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TC Demon's_h. High relief-
Almost complete. Good impress.:
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1
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TC fig.
Seat_d god_ss, Flounc_d d.
Border of palm-leaves-H. clasp_d
on breast.
Made to stand up.:
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1
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TC Fr_t Head & left sh.
Beard_d God, full face, high crown
pleated dress, hold_g a cup (?)
to his breast.:
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TC plaque-
Above: beard_d god, Full face, but only down to waist. Arms horizont. Hands against breast. On either side, vertical undulat_g lines (Fire?)
Below, is the upper horizontal of a rectangl. plaque.
Between upper and lower horizontal 5 dwarf like fig. The central one same position as upper god- the other have feet but no heads.
Circles in relief- Rosettes.
[War god chariot!]
[U. 16281 is duplicate] Bc. upper level)
:
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TC plaque-Godd_ss seat_d on concave throne w. no back. Full face to waist. Arms & legs in profile. Horn_d head_d., Hair Falls on either side. of sh
ends in large curl.-Flounc_d dress
long. wide sleeves-Lt fore arms expos_d. shows bangles.:
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TC relief found in house ruins, but maybe from a chapel
Large TC relief. Goddess of waters- hold_g an overflowing vase.
Ant. J. Oct. 1931 p. 371-2.
Pl. L11,1.
*
See. large photo print :
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TC relief- Lowerpart
Two fig- Sumer skirts. :
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Tc relief-Horn_d mitre. Beard-Curls
on sh. Supporting pair of maces
one in each sh.-Missing below waist.:
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1
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TC relief.
Beard_d & horn_d God.
Broken off at waist. :
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1
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TC relief.
Horn_d, beard_d God carrying litmus & a bag (?) on a stick
Broken at waist:
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1
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TC relief. A mastiff.
Feet broken away-
Fine bold work.:
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1
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TC relief. Beard_d man walking rt.
holding staff on which is a bird
Broken at knees:
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1
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TC relief. complete- DRaped fem Fig. stand_g-hands to breast elaborate coiffure, but no head orn_ts
Id 1599:
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TC relief. Type. IV b.1.
Goddess w horned hat & long tresses draped, hands raised. w Fingers meeting at neck.
B-Broken off at waist:
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1
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TC relief: Nude Ishtar stan_g upon-lion.:
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1
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TC, Fig. of animal.
Buff clay w. details in black paint
Hind quarters & Front legs miss_g:
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1
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TC, relief - Goddess w flounced dress & turret crown.
Broken at knees. Bad condition (salt).:
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1
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TC.
Beard_d God w. horn_d head_d.
& kaunakes, carry_g 2 clubs
Upper body nude.
Broken at hips:
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1
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TC.
Bull-foot_d demon holding a staff:
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1
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TC.
Male (?) Fig. carry_g a load of firing(?)
Broken below breast
Bes-like. carries goat over head:
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1
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TC.
Man walk_g rt. carry_g an axe & a dead bird (?)
Broken at knees:
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1
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TC.
Two beard_d Gods advance_g side by side & carry_g the litnus
Fr_t Broken off from sh. of l. fig.
to knees of rt.:
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1
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TC. 2 Fem fig. hold_g staffs
on which are birds, between which
are cresc. on staffs:
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1
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TC. Animal head from NC.F. level 3[?]
Head of a cow crudel_y h-model_d, broken off at sh.
B) Fr_t of hind-quarters and tail. possibly of same animal
(Warad - Sin, Larsa - Insript found at same place) :
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1
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TC. Animal head model_d in the round partly shown. tech:
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1
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TC. animal. Horse (?) - Legs missing:
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1
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TC. Back of bed stead.
Above 2 birds facing.
Below. 2 gazelles. "
Backg. of trees.:
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1
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TC. back of bedstead.
Relief: Horn_d bull. foot_d demon
grasping. a crescent. topp_d staff.
Beyond this, a gryphon (?) &
a monkey (?):
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1
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TC. Bead_d God. Full face.
Horn_d cap. A mace in each h.
Broken off at hips.
= 18008. Dq. Ph. 2049. 68x60mm:
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1
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TC. Beardless man. stand_g facing rt. Heavy turban, chiton, cloak Rt. h. rais_d to sh. Left at waist. :
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1
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TC. Beard_d God & God_ss seat_d side by s. & embrac_g. -Both long flounc_d pleat_d d.
Poor condition.:
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1
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TC. Beard_d god Full Face-
Fr. Breast up.:
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1
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TC. Beard_d God. embracing a stand_g God_ss nude but w horn_d crown. cresc. above. :
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1
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TC. Beard_d male-Headdr.
fall_g down on each side, hold_g
2 objects over his chest
Feet broken off.:
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1
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TC. Beard_d male. grotesq.- Round turban wound up in tiers (?)- support_g against body two ceremonial litni resting on either shoulder, curv_d tops reaching top of the head.
Two incisions around each litnus at top of handle.
Pellet eyes. Nose thick, shapeless. :
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1
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TC. Beard_d male. Hair dress_d in Bab. style - Long dress girdled. at waist, holds cup with both h. before his breast.
Id- 31-16-923
33-35-54 no head :
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TC. Beard_d man in long plain clothes, chiton & shawl. H. clasp_d below breast-complete
=18023:
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1
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TC. Beard_d man in short kilt
walk_g to rt. & carry_g a litnus (?):
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1
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TC. Beard_d man stand_g full face long simple dress; H. over breast hold_g an object:
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1
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TC. Beard_d man w in profile seat_d rt. hold_g a up(?) only upper part preser_d:
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1
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TC. Beard_d man, full face
drap_d. carry_g a mace in l. h.
an axe (?) in rt.
Broken above knees
cf. 17178
holding
ibex:
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1
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TC. Beard_d man, full face
hold_g axe in l.h.
Fr_t. waist up.:
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1
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TC. Beard_d man, stand_g, rt. arm by side, l.h. hold_g object to breast. Fr_t. From hips up :
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1
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TC. Beard_d man. drap_d-
H. clasp_d front. One h. hold_g axe. Broken below hands:
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1
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TC. Beard_d man. full face
cloak over both sh-hands in front of chest, holding axe & other
object.
Broken below hands:
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1
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TC. Beard_d man. Heavy dress & open cloak, stand_g full face, hold_g
kid in front of his breast-:
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1
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TC. Beard_d. man, full face, ni long smooth drapery, hands held one above the other against breast
A-Broken off below knees
B- " " waist :
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1
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TC. bed. 4 legs-
Crisscross pattern, showing stringing of bed. :
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Tc. bed. Design in relief. House fasade. or door to a shrine (?) w. tripod on either side.
and a human fig. standing on each tripod.
The door panel consists of wooden (?) uprights and horizontals which form the frame. work. and the panel itself is divided at intervals by horizontal bars between which are globular pellets. Between the globules are fine vertical parallel lines. (A fluted door ? decorated w. circular metal bosses, or the globules maybe metal bands interwoven like matting.)
Again.. may represent a tasseled rug or matting hung over the door. posts
The most obvious interpretation of the designs on either side of the door is to consider them as tripods, modeled out of perspective; but it may be conceivable that this may be panelling, and the figures above perhaps formed a dado running round the fasade.
As the design is on a bed, it is not unreasonable to suppose that we are viewing the door of the haven with:
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TC. Bedstead. 4 legs. Same type as U. 16346 but more closely strung. :
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TC. Bedstead. Buff ware
Rough rush pattern. - Legs broken off:
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1
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TC. Bird - Rattle.
Roughly model_d - head & stump :
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1
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TC. bird.:
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1
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TC. boar w. strip_d incisions
legs miss_g:
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TC. broken at waist.
Beard_d god-high horn_d head_d.
Long lock of hair, ending in curls over sh.. Beard to waist-Supports a mace against each should.:
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TC. broken below waist.
Nude (?) Fem-High headdr. Cres_t moon over top. 4 p. of horns
sunflower on either side of waist
A Bird at either sh. & rising from
either sh. sunflower w stalk:
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TC. Camel (?) Rough model_g
Head & legs missing
Repair_d in antiq. Traces of bitumen on one foreleg. :
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1
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TC. chariot wheel-Drab ware-
c. Somewhat broken.:
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TC. chariot. w fig. on splash board in relief- 1 wheel only remains.
Bull. man (Enkidu). Nude-High. conical cap. Grasps vertical pole in both. h. Bust full face, arms & lower body in profile-
Regist. above. shows crescent on 2 oblique sticks, & solar disk idem.
2. holes through upper rim.
Pole hole. d.13.mm:
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TC. clay pig - Fr_t of head. Reddish :
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TC. Complete
God_ss. Full face, stand_g. wide
flat head_d., flounc_d dress. Hands
clasp_d:
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TC. complete.
Godd_ss stand_g, fac_g rt. w. h. rais_d before face. Slender. Long plain dress:
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TC. complete. Fare damag_d Fem. young. nude, stand_g. Full fare. w. arms by the sides:
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TC. complete. God_ss stand_g Full face ccurl_d hair, long flounc_d dress. h. clasp_d very long & slender:
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TC. complete. seat_d beard_d God. embrac_g nude god_ss. Crescent above Marital of. 16037:
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TC. complete. Two fig. A beard_d god in long plain dress advanc_g lt. Behind him a God_ss in pleat_d dress w. her arm round his neck. :
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TC. Disk w 2 short legs at back. On top: h. & arms of a woman w. breasts in front - H. model_d - Rough. Bath.tub? Pregnant woman of. 16905.:
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1
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TC. dog. - Seat_d Hind quarters miss_g
Red clay :
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1
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Tc. drab clay. Nude girls. h. clasp_d. Hair falling on sh.(Egypt.style)Face Fat & heavy Broken above hips:
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1
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TC. Drap_d fem. advanc_g left:
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1
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TC. Eight clay fig.:
|
1
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TC. Face or mask. Resembles Greek comic mask, but maybe face of a Puzuzu: All wrinkles. Pug nose- Grinn_g teeth- combed hair- Beard missing- no ears:
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1
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TC. face. hand model_d only
lower part left, half the nose, chin, & long spike neck For insertion in the body
Good clean model_g:
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1
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TC. Feet missing.
Male-Turban. Long Flowing coat.
One arm bare, carry_g against sh.
in rt. h. a standard?
Lt. h. against waist carries a
cord. like object.
Head profile. legs [ in profile?], trunk. Full Face. :
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1
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TC. Fem fig. kneeling w. hands on breast. Head missing Reddish warm.:
|
1
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TC. Fem stand_g Full face h. clasp_d pleat_d flounc_d dress Hair elaboratl_y waved.
A-from middle thighs up
B-complete paor.:
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1
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TC. Fem. Eyes represent_d by large rounds. thin long nose-Lin of ornam_t above breast bare. Broken off at breast. :
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1
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Tc. Fem. Fig. Broken away at thighs
Idem: 31-16-779
312: 14994
15725: 31-16-865:
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TC. Fem. fig. wearing voluminous wig covering sides of face. - Holding..?:
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1
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TC. FEm. Full Face-Close Fitting skirt-Hold_g a high necked vase in it h. against breast-Rt arm-upraised- skirt embroider_d at bottom. d. tassel_d down rt. side. short sleeves to elbow Neckl..short hair down in clusters at sides.:
|
1
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TC. Fem. Full face. h. clasp_d Rich embroid_d garm_t - Hair elaborate w. 2 feather_d (?) towers. & crimp_d waves below
Broken at waist.:
|
1
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Tc. Fem. Full face. Long sleeves
& heavy flounc_d skirt, stand_g &
hold_g in each hand in front of her
breast, a dumb.bell shap_d object.
:
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1
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TC. Fem. hands meeting below the breasts, which are bare.
Hair in large bunches, heavy ruff or neckl. & some close Fitt & garm_t round thighs.
From knees up:
|
1
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TC. Fem. in Flounc_d skirt. h. clasp_d below breasts Broken off at knees:
|
1
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TC. Fem. stand_g - h. clasp_d below b. Tall headd. w. 2 large side curls.
Neckl. girdle:
|
1
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TC. Fem. Stand_g, full face. nude. Broad neckl. H. Clasp_d. Exag_d coil_d earr. Grotesq type. Broken below hands. :
|
1
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TC. Fem. stand_g. full face. h. clasp_d. Drap_d & wearing low cap. Fr_t from below h. up:
|
1
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Tc. Fem.. full face, hold_g object to breasts, big earr. & neckl.
Body nude.
Mould_d but finis_d w. swowm. tech.
Crude.
From waist up:
|
1
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TC. fig fr_t - waist of nude Fem. w. strongly marked vagina-3 pellets may represent tattoo marks. :
|
1
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TC. Fig Pinkish ware. Fem. in flounc_d dress w. hands clasped-stal encrusted :
|
1
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TC. Fig-
one of pair, w. flounc_d dress.
lt. h. raised, rt. h. holding cup:
|
1
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TC. Fig-complete w. plaque which is oval shaped at bottom. Nude fem. wearing neckl. Hands clasped below breats Plaque-Base oval shaped-
REp. U. 16438K-:
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1
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TC. Fig-Full face in low relief
Fig. w. zoo & anthopo.morphic body. Forehead & below waist missing.
Grotesq head, w. long lock of hair
falling on each sh. curl_d at the end.
(centipede like)-
Hands tips touching, pincer like.
Two neckl. & kaunakes robe-sleeves to elbow:
|
1
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TC. Fig-made from a 2 piece-mould. Front & back-Not exact joint of rough clay. Fem stand_g rt. h. to breast, l. arm by side. complete down to knees:
|
1
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|
TC. fig-Primitive Fig of nude votaress w. tambourine.:
|
1
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|
TC. Fig.
Godd_ss.. w. Flounc_d dress & h. raised.:
|
1
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|
TC. fig.
Seated goddess w. flounc_d dress
holding 2 trees in hands & having
2 birds at her feet.:
|
1
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|
TC. fig.
Simian Fig. in high relief
Head missing:
|
1
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|
TC. fig.
Votaress w. clasped hands, adorn_d w. beads:
|
1
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|
TC. fig. (fr_t) On a sort of tray
2 miniature couchant lions
[U. 1227 same subject "sphinx":
|
1
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|
TC. Fig. Animal in the round - otter(?) :
|
1
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|
TC. Fig. Bearded male in profile, holding axe in left hand- Close fitting cap on head. Feet lost:
|
1
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|
TC. fig. Bearded man.
Broken off at waist:
|
1
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|
TC. Fig. Bearded. male fig. carrying
monkey on sh. clothed in long flowing garment, close fitting cap. Cords to monkey's necks, one on sh, one on ground in front.
The latter stands on its hind legs-
{and plays the flute.}
Twisted cord round man's waist
staff (?) in his right h.
cf. U.6921, 6940. Same mould:
|
1
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TC. fig. Beard_d god-Thick nose-High conical cap. w triangular peak. above pair of horns-Against breast, either side of beard, the tops of long staves:
|
1
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|
TC. Fig. Bottom missing. Male, wearing mitre like headd. long point_d beard. Flounc_d skirt- Arms bent. hands held horizont_y against waist.
In each hand a staff w. top ending in a ball. resting against sh. (a mace?).
Bracelet on each wrist.
Headd. incis_d w. undulat_g lines obliql_y from top of head- (woolen cap?)
Feet. Fr_t: 31-16-933
31-16-932:
|
1
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|
TC. fig. broken below knees.
Beard_d nude god (?) Horn_d head_d supporting against breast in rt. h. a short curv_d club & in left a bird?:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. Buffalo h. Neck hollow_d. Decorating a pot
[arrow pointing down] muzzle:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. Cat (?) like fig. :
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. crudely h_model_d - Head & neck to top of hips. Beak like nose, no eyes, hair pinched out of a flat horizontal ridge, arms wing - like:
|
1
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|
TC. Fig. Fem. full face. high headdress & heavy necklace of rounded & wedge shaped beads- Round beads also run diagonal_y across body from shoulder to waist - Nude clasped. :
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. Fem. legs missing - head strang [drawing]
bird - like.:
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. fem. nude. Type III. c.x (as 1)
L: Fr_t left arm and body below the hands missing
C: = 31-43-388
K: = 31-43-390:
|
1
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|
TC. Fig. Fem. standing in long plain robe w. broad girlde. Both hands holding an object at her breast. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. Fr of lower part: seated Fem? fig. Flounced skirt.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. Fr_t
Head & sh. only of a fig of a bearded God wearing horned crown, and apparently seated in a chair. The fig in the round & remarkably well model_d & mould_d: the part that survives is in perfect condition.
The rt. arm & sh. are bare: over the l. sh. is a sheepskin cloak. The flash of the fig is paint_d red, the beard & hair black: (much flaked), the sheepskin apparently black & white. The crown was yellow (virtually no traces left and there was a collar or necklace of red and yellow alternately. The chair back is black.
x
see. Large photo print. :
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. Fr_t head & shoulders:
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. Fr_t of painted Al'Ubaid ware
Face, arms & lower part of body missing.:
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. god_ss w. elaborate head d. seated on chair-clasp_d-snowman tech.:
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. grotesq. above:;peg shap_d
below. Flat-top_d head. Nose is a ridge pinch_d outwards, w. a pellet on either side. for eyes.
Rt arm rests against the breast.
left arm is a stump.
No hands
Over each sh. a rais_d ridge
w. incisions (hair?):
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. Head only. Nude godd_ss w. elaborate coiffure & big ear-rings - good model_g:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. Horse & rider.
Same type as 15739:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. Horse & rider. Fr_t. Pronounc_d mane. Legs of Horse & most of the rider missing. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. male w. headgear in profile, stick in left hand.:
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. moulded, partly h. model_d
Beard_d horned god
c.f. 16469 Ph. 1866 [note 2 drawings within this line of transcription]:
|
1
|
|
Tc. Fig. Nude fem. Fig. stand_g. Full face
Hair dress_d w 5 outstand_g curls
Hands clasped over breasts. Heavy multiple necklace, a girdle, and a shawl which passes over the upper arms. common typo. :
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. Nude fem. Primitive "snow man" technique.
Probably lympamsi= 2974:
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. Nude fem. standing full face hands clasped. Hair elaborat_y dressed
Big earrings & necklaces - from knee up
Idem
31-16-847:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. Nude Fem. standing Full Face hands clasped. Slender type. complete. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. Nude Fem. standing Full face, h. clasped. Head unduly large, body thick&heavy; hair dressed in Egyptian style complete from Knees up. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. Nude fem. Type III c.a
A) complete but the mould only taken to the knees, when the clay is rounded off.
A-F. :
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. Nude tambourine player
5 strands of beads. Lunate ear-rings.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. only lower part: Flounc_d robe-Rt h. outstretched: hang_g down by side.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. Pig. Two near legs missing - incis_d on belly :
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. relief.
Seated goddes in shrine (?) - Turret crown
Face reduced to a blob.. 6 big rosettes on sh. & background. Hands holding bottles at waist.:
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. relief.
Seated goddes in shrine (?) - Turret crown Face reduced to a blob..6 big rosettes on sh. & background. Hands holding bottles at waist.:
|
1
|
|
Tc. Fig. Relief. :
|
1
|
|
TC. fig. Seat_d godd_ss - Cloak, flounc_d skirt, peaked headd. Feet on a goose - 2d goose side of throne.
Rt. h. across body, hold_g small fig (?) Lt arm upraised.
Full face down to waist, profile below
(= Black diorite st (Of Ur Bau) Found in Ningal sanctuary of Larsa Temple KP) & U. 6939 TC. mould of same fig.
Goose standing by side of her throne
Thers Kaunakes- Bare arm.
:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. Type III C. U. Elongated FAce, big nose. mould_d red clay, covered w. creamy slip Looks like kassite work. very coarse &ugly Broken away at hips. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig. Very crude archaic work. representing human beings.:
|
1
|
|
Tc. Fig. Voluminous wig. down & neck. 5 horizontal bands at sides of head. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Fig_s. Nude fem. Type III. C.H.
A- Broken away at the waist.
B- " hips.:
|
1
|
|
TC. from knees up
Nude fem. stand_g full face, h. clasp_d
Neckl. of vertical stripes:
|
1
|
|
TC. From knees up.
Nude fem. hold_g tambourine to breast. Gross type. :
|
1
|
|
Tc. From thighs up. Nude God_ss stand_g-High crown-body nude-short cloak or shawl over right. Nude godd.(on lion?).:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t animal walk_g rt.
head miss_g-On its back the feet of a God (rest broken away)
cf. 1606. Man. hold_g a dog.:
|
1
|
|
Tc. Fr_t broken below waist
man striding [cross outs indicated] rt -Loin cloth gather_d
between legs.-Rt. arm hanging:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t Dog walk_g rt. follow_d. by its puppy.:
|
1
|
|
TC. fr_t Fem. head.
Filling of shaft. low down. 5m. below wall
top.-contemporary w. graves.
Date as early as Sargonid period
Sec. Vil II. Roay. Cem. PG. [arrow indicated to 1845] 1846.
Tab. Anal. of Graves. p. 483
"Fr_t of clay head in relief-Description p. 190: PG. 1845: "At the bottom of the shaft & close to the grave, but not belonging to it was the head. of a TC. fig. moulded in relief." Burial K.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t from hips up.
Man stand_g Full Face & hold_g a kid.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t from hips up.
Beard_d man, full face- one out of a mould which had 2 fig. side by side.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t from hips up. Beard_d man, full face, upper body nude, carry_g a club (?)-
:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t from knees up Beard_d man in long drapery. h. clasp_
Id. mechain: 1377: 15647: 33-35-48:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t from knees up.
Beard_d God full face hold_g clubs
[Rest of transcription covered by picture]:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t from waist up
Beard_d man, full face, upper body
nude, carry_g a kid:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t from waist up. Fem. Full face. appear_g seat_d drap_d hands held one above the oher. Hair in two simple heavy locks. :
|
1
|
|
TC. fr_t Lower part Nude fem. carry_g vase ( a wicker basket?) in right hand. Sketch Idem: Cast: 15665. Br.Mu::
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t Rosette. (like 1286 showing traces of green glaze - Pierced through clay loop at back for attaching 17 petals in rosette d. 64 mm.) :
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t waist up
Nude fem. (?) stand_g full face
hold_g tambourine bef. breasts
Heavy coil_d ear r. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t waist up Nude Fem. stand_g Full face. Hair in ringlets arms akimbo(?):
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t waist up.
Beard_d God full face, high crown.
Carry_g flail?:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t waist up.
Beard_d man, full face, h. clasp_d.
upper body nude:
|
1
|
|
TC. Fr_t. Two fig. God_ss plain garm_t faces rt. & embraces a beard_d God.
Only upper part of god_ss & arm & sh. of god preser_d. :
|
1
|
|
TC. F_t from waist up. Beard_d God, full face, wings or rays behind sh. Hold_g clubs:
|
1
|
|
TC. God_ss in sq. shrine: full face, h. held up to breasts - Elabo-
rate head_d & turret_d hat
Big rosettes in field.
Broken below hands:
|
1
|
|
TC. God_ss. Full Fare w. clasp_d h. on head a flat cap. w. 3 tall plumes Elaborate drapery
Fr_t-from below h. up. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Grotesq fig. w. small head
upwards arms, very large body
dress_d in kaunakes
upper part only:
|
1
|
|
TC. Grotesq nude fem. full face.
rt. arm rais_d, lt h. to breast,
pudenda strongl_y mark_d
Broken at knees
cf. fr_t-1104. PH. 189, DQ
1204 PH. 191. Dq.
1178 ur surf.
Idem:...:33-35-35.:
|
1
|
|
TC. grotesq. mask. Puzuzu per fort_d on either side of eye
h allow attach_t of some other material:
|
1
|
|
TC. Guardian demon Facing
front. hold_g a staff-
one of a pair-
only upper part of one Fig. preserv_d:
|
1
|
|
TC. H. model_d
Nude fem heavy hair-
body below pelvis & arms miss_g:
|
1
|
|
TC. h. model_d Beard_d man, Full face, l.h lo breast rt. arm miss_g Fr_t-from hips up.:
|
1
|
|
Tc. H. model_d Beard_d man. Full face. L. h. to breast. Rt. Arm miss_g. Fr_t from hips up.
:
|
1
|
|
TC. half of a ram (?) - Hollow inside, made in 2 pieces :
|
1
|
|
TC. hand-model. Complete crude Fig. God(?) beard_d wearing long garm_t:
|
1
|
|
TC. hand-model_d Nude Fem stand_g full face & hold_g a dish(?) before breasts snow man tech. complete. :
|
1
|
|
TC. hand-model_d snowm tech. seat_d FEm. Full Face, h. clasp_d Drap_d-crude. complete. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Hand. model_d Snowm. tech.
Nude Fem. hold_g a dish(or tambourine) against breast.
Elaborate hair, neck. etc. Fr_t from hips up.:
|
1
|
|
Tc. Handmodel_d. Complete crude. Fig. Crod(?) beard_d. wearing long garm_t
:
|
1
|
|
TC. Handmodel_d. Male fig Archaic type. H. clasp_d. One pellet eye missing. Fr_t waist up.
:
|
1
|
|
TC. Head & upper body.
Beard_d man, Full face, heavy feature_s & sq. cut beard.:
|
1
|
|
TC. head of a ram, h. model_d
Snow- man techniq. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Head of bed
relief. 2 birds facing each other
on rocky ground
Cresc. on staff between.
cf.18215. Ph. 2229:
|
1
|
|
TC. head of Puzuzu.
in 3/4 relief:
|
1
|
|
TC. head-Gem fig. Glazed blue bleach_d white:
|
1
|
|
TC. hen. Head miss_g:
|
1
|
|
TC. Horse :
|
1
|
|
TC. horse's head:
|
1
|
|
TC. Large wheel.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Lion's nozzle in the round-
originally bore traces of reddish paint between ridges. Fr_t Upper portion & part of jaw missing.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Male & fem. Full face standing side by side. Both clothed in flounced kaunakes. Fem has rt. sh:
|
1
|
|
TC. Male beard_d & cloth_d
facing left. & propping w. both h.
a tree (?). Another tree behind him.
broken at hips.:
|
1
|
|
TC. male head. Wearing round cap like low fez with cheek piece running on either side of face and below chin. Narrow fringe of hair protruding from cheek piece over face over chin same incised markings indicate beard. Large eyes & highly prominent mouth. Remains of neck shows that head must have been slightly upraised. At back of head traces of garment which is attached to the cap.
Found against a Kurigalzu wall.
From N. end of K.P. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Man advance_g rt. & carry_g a flail over rt. sh.
A-Complete
B-head & sh. only.
Id:
33-35-44:
|
1
|
|
TC. Man advance_g rt. in profile
Wears a short kilt & carries a bird
in his l.h. & a curv_d object (boom.
erang/) in his rt.
Head & lower legs missing:
|
1
|
|
TC. Man stand_g, fac_g {rt. originally written then crossed out and left indicated]
Kilt & cloak, carry_g mace:
|
1
|
|
TC. Man, Round hat-long beard
H. clasp_d over chest-Long gown to ankles.:
|
1
|
|
TC. mask pierced for suspension
Grotesque bearded head.:
|
1
|
|
TC. mask Puzuzu.
flak_d-Salt.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Mask. Broken.
Hole for suspension:
|
1
|
|
TC. Mask. Encrust_d-not grotesq.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Mask. Male. Back of h. & l. ear lost
Very prominent features. Caricature:
|
1
|
|
TC. Mask. Puzuzu head-
in high relief:
|
1
|
|
Tc. mask. Two susp. holes
Puzuzu head:
|
1
|
|
TC. Mask. Type XIV. II.
Puzuzu head-
Very flat but some lined details:
|
1
|
|
TC. mould _d 3/4 round. Beard_d god from waist upwards - H. clasped. :
|
1
|
|
TC. mould-for Puzuzu head:
|
1
|
|
TC. Mould. for adze head(?chisel?):
|
1
|
|
TC. mould. of
Nude hunter holding clubs
incrusted w. salt.:
|
1
|
|
TC. mould: Stand_g in long robe.
hold_g a whip. on a breast (sirrus?)
Feet & body of animal broken away:
|
1
|
|
TC. moulded & then worked by h. w. extra clay added- Nude Fem. l. h. holding object at breast. rt. h. extended forward holding a saucer-Broken below waist:
|
1
|
|
TC. mould_d fig. Female head and breast. w. necklace. :
|
1
|
|
TC. mould_d fig.. Head & breast of fem fig. w head. d, & necklace.:
|
1
|
|
TC. mould_d relief.
Male fig. advancing rt. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Mould_d- Greenish drab
Beard_d God, drap_d, horn_d crown h. in front of body hold_g maces (?)
Kassite? Flaccid-
From knees up. :
|
1
|
|
TC. mould_d. Red clay
nude Fem. suckl_g, infant.
Neckl. Hair falls heavy on sh.
Broken off at waist. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude Fem . Broken below breasts :
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude Fem stand_g Full Face hands clasp_d:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude Fem w. h. clasp_d below breats.-Good.high relief-Feet missing :
|
1
|
|
TC. nude fem. full face hands raised on either side of her head. holds weapons(?)-
Wings behind body Broken at knees(birdslegs?&claws?)(standing on lion?)
Cf. TC. in Br. Mus. Ill_d Lond Neovo June 13-1936 p.1047
cf. 18852. Ph. 2284 seated Kaunak. Feet on lion.
[backside] CF. Nippur TC. CAt. n.p 228 wings and eagle Feet.
CF. uv. bronze:
|
1
|
|
TC. nude fem. full face, h. clasp_d below br.
Broken at knees:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude fem. full face: l. h. held across the belly, rt. arm by her side. High relief - coarse face, big eyes.:
|
1
|
|
Tc. Nude fem. Full fare, flat crown, large earr (:) heavy neckl. Strong_y mark_d pudenda triangle. H. clasp_d below br.
Feet miss_g:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude fem. h. clasp_d below br. Hair done in outstand_g curls on each side Broken below knees:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude fem. h. clasp_d below breasts :
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude fem. h. clasp_d below breasts Feet broken off.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude Fem. h. clasp_d below breasts.-on either side of head &above it. 3 similar heads in high relief. Stands out on ground. Feet missing. Four heads:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude Fem. Hands upon breast-R.T above l. holding cup(?) leg shaped below waist. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude fem. Neckl. Girdle. Hands clasp_d below breasts.
A- Broken
BC- Complete
D- Smaller
[Photo covers part of transcription]:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude fem. stand_g full face,
l. h. in front of breast, rt. arm by side & upholding a spout_d pot Heavy neckl. flatcap
Idem 31-16-803:
|
1
|
|
TC. nude Fem. stand_g, full face. h. clasp_d below br. Diadem on hair
Feet missing:
|
1
|
|
TC. nude Fem. stand_g-holds her hands one above the other. bef. her breast. complete :
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude fem. stand_g. Full face. hands clasp_d
A. Complete from knees up
B. Fr_t " Hands ":
|
1
|
|
Tc. nude fem. Voluminous wig done in 5 big bundles of curls on top of head & 2 on either side.
4 neckl.
Idem
U. 1600, 15685
... 31-16-845:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude fem. w h. clasp_d below breasts- Sun, moon & stars in field.
Broken below hands
& 17172- Feather crown:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude fem. w. h. clasp_D below breasts-
Crude grotesq. type
Broken at hips:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude fem. w. h. to breasts :
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude fig. Seat_d on a horse advanc_g rt.
Rider's fig above chest, and fore-part of horse miss_g:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude male advance_g rt.
the l. hand. held over breast, rt. hang_g l. leg Forward. Short beard
head & feet miss_g.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude male, full face, beard_d.
Hands over breast, hold_g bird & litmus-Belt & apparent_y cod piece
& round top_d cap.
Broken away across calves.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude. fem. stand_g, h. clasp_d below br. Heavy neckl. girdle
Hair falling on sh.
Broken below hips:
|
1
|
|
TC. Nude. Fem. stand_g. h. clasp_d below br. Feet miss_g :
|
1
|
|
TC. pig-(general_g rattles some solid)-various types all roughly h-model_d:
|
1
|
|
TC. plaque relief. 2 bearded male fig. advancing Full face. side by side holding mace and litmus
Dress short to knees.
Idem:518: 15184.:
|
1
|
|
TC. plaque relief. Beard_d man
walking rt. Wears long draperies and carries a flail? over rt sh. Behind him is a seated monkey.:
|
1
|
|
TC. plaque relief. Lion passant. Mouth open, tail over back.:
|
1
|
|
TC. plaque relief. Nude Fem. hands clasped below breasts. Hair dressed in curls over the ears-Neckl. round neck Broken at knees. :
|
1
|
|
TC. plaque relief..Fem. fig. standing.
v
facing rt. Both h. raised- su-illa-Long simple drapery-Horn_d
headdress.:
|
1
|
|
TC. plaque stands upright on a slightly hollowed base.
2 fig, One beard_d god w. long flounc_d dress, holds sceptre (?) in rt. h. Full face; left h. across chest.
Rt. goddess w. tall horn_d crown, flounc_d skirt & shawl over left sh. lt h. across chest. Rt. h. on sh. of male. Full face.:
|
1
|
|
TC. plaque-
Pair of demons, standing. Full face. A bearded male, & a fem. Wearing flannel (!) Kaunakes skirts.
The male carries a flail (?). :
|
1
|
|
TC. plaque-Lion in profile-Head missing curling tail.:
|
1
|
|
Tc. plaque-Nude fem. standing on lion left arm raised. :
|
1
|
|
TC. plaque-salt encrusted.
2 gods in profile, facing one another. God bearded, h. headdress, support an axe?
w. a curved handle, head of axe resting on left sh.-Jewish nose
Both wear Kaunakes skirt
left sh. bare::
|
1
|
|
TC. plaque.
2 ostriches in profile facing e.o.
Below remains of 2 feet supports for the object:
|
1
|
|
TC. plaque.
Godd_ss seated on bull, holding bird in lt. h. Crescent on pole at back. Nude bull-head_d man Facing her
Idem: 17131:31-43-416.
Similar:...:31-43-427.:
|
1
|
|
TC. plaque. 2 fig. full face. Beard_d male deity & goddess wearing horned headdress- earrings? 3 st. of beads. Pleated coat, which leaves r. sh. exposed. R. arm of goddess rests against l. sh. of god. Head only of god- Goddess missing below waist. :
|
1
|
|
TC. plaque. 2 nude wrestlers in profile. Top missing:
|
1
|
|
TC. Plaque. Head miss_g.
Man & woman. Stand_g on shake? Flounc_d robe w sleeves. Rt. sh. bare. Man on rt. holds mace or stick in rt. h. Long beard.
Woman rests one hand on his sh. Neckl.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Puzuzu head :
|
3
|
|
TC. Puzuzu head.:
|
2
|
|
TC. puzuzu head. 3/4 relief
Fine.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Puzuzu mask:
|
1
|
|
TC. Puzuzu mask.:
|
1
|
|
TC. rattle in shape of a boar :
|
1
|
|
TC. Red Clay. young nude fem. ir. hands clasp_d...Feet&hard mi...:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief
A ram's fleece w. head attach_d (?)
hand model_d:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief
Beard_d, & horn_d god-
Broken off at chest:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief
Drap_d. stand_g God_ss. Full Face long fllounc_d. & horn_d crown H. to breasts.
complete.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief
Seat_d God_ss w. horn_d crown.
Drap_d in flounc_d garm_t -
rt. h. to breast, l. holding a vase:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief
Seat_d god_ss, full face, horn_d head_d & flounc_d garment
on either side a cresc. on a staff
clasp_d hands (Broken off below):
|
1
|
|
TC. relief
2 fig. Full face, side by side male lt, female rt. Both wear long skirts. Surface flaked off. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief
Squat_g woman suckling child.
cf. U. 809. Ph. 100:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief - Phallic grotesq. Full face male fig. nude, holding a faggot (?) w. both h.. Bandy legs of exaggerate_d pelvis Face damag_d - legs broken away seated open legs -:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief Beard_d man stand_g full face. w. clasp_d h. Wears long Flounc_d dress:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief Drap_d fem. Fig. standing w. h. to breast :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief Fem. w. kitu & founc_d skirt. Broken off above knees. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief Fr_t below waist. seated godess :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief Godd_ss standing, clasped. Flounc_d dress. head & Feet missing:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief hand model_d-A seated God_ss(?) on a chair. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief Head. sh & l. arm of a beard_d male fig. advanc_g rt. High relief-coarse model_g
Idem 31-16-824
Hole at back. left raised holds? Rt shoulder cover_d w. Kanauk. l. bare. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief Lowerhalf. Man short coat: loin cloth from knee to calf at back
shoes (?)
cp. U. 3013.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief mother & child Type V.3. complete. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief mould_d Fem. head in high relief w caring hand over forehead. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief mould_d. Grotesq. fein. Fig. w. elaborate headd. H. clasped. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief Naked fem. holding breasts Head missing:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief Nude Fem. Fig-Coarse. Broken off below breasts:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief Nude fem. w. h. clasp_d below breasts-slender-well model_d head missing. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief of 2 men wrestl_g (same mould. U.15722 XIII.6.) = 7062 DP. 15722 Larsa rubbish. PG.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief seated fem. w. Flounced skirt nursing a child. On either sides snakes A. complete-Fair impress:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief Tympanon player
[Circled:] Type III a,
Broken off at waist.
:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief Type III. c. Y nude fem. w h. clasped below breasts. A-complete
A-H-
very lightly Fired R...might be modern case mould.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief(not describ_d):
|
1
|
|
Tc. Relief, Naked goddess, hands under breasts. & apparent;y some kind of wrap round the sh. Drab clay.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief-
Beard_d man with bird
Broken off at waist
Idem.
16226:
31-43-444
Wears belt
fring_d Kilt:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief- God & god_ss, flounced dresses. Goddess' rt. arm around the god & vice. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Relief- upper part of gddess holding goose- Background has crescent moon & stars
Id: 31-16-805 head:
|
1
|
|
TC. Relief-back of chair (chariot?)
Beard_d God. in long dress, turns & puts his rt. h. on sh. of a Godd_ss. wear_g kaunak. & h. horn_d crown.
Above his arm, a goat, below a goose:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief-Beard_d man advance_g
rt. and carry_g in front of him in
his l.h. a goat. Rt. h. rais_d to mouth.
Feet miss_g:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief-Chariot.
A God w. horn_d crown stand_g w. lt foot advance_d, & l.h. outstretch_d Long dress open front.-In his hand a staff w. sun's disk above In front one w. cresc. moon.:
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1
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TC. relief-Drap_d fem. stand_g Full front. h. clasp_d below breasts :
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1
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TC. relief-Groteq. rough Drap_d hum. fig. see sketch on-16903 AH. house 16:
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1
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TC. relief-Lower part missing Fem. standing-clasped-Fringed robe. :
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1
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Tc. relief-Naked godd_ss-:
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1
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TC. relief-Nude fem fig. Head draped hair down onto shoulders. arms stretched Full length down body, hands resting on thighs. just below waist.[Egypt.style]:
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1
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TC. relief-seated goddess. Flounced dress. Head missing. :
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1
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TC. relief-woman wearing skirt carrying child w. rt arm round its waist, left round its knees:
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1
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TC. relief.
Beard_d & horn_d God in shrine.
Fr_t broken across chest.
Idem.
:17207:
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1
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TC. relief.
Beard_d God. w. horn_d cap. carry_g mace. full face-
Broken at hips:
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1
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TC. relief.
Drap_d beard_d man carrying kid.:
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1
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Tc. relief.
Fem. head. w. mural crown & stars against backgr.
Bold model_g:
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1
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TC. relief.
Goddess or woman nude (?) w, clasped hands below breasts, and on background, crescent moons & stars.
Broken at waist.:
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1
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TC. relief.
God_ss (?) or woman, wearing elaborate hat. & long plain dress facing rt.. in attitude of adoration.
Mould_d only to bottom of
skirt.:
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1
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TC. relief.
Man standing on elephant (!ram)
Cp. Ishchali: Boy on humped bull.:
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1
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TC. relief.
offrant w. animal
Broken off at knees:
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1
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TC. relief.
stand_g drap_d fig.
Head missing:
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1
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TC. relief.
Beard_d man drap_d in Kaunakes holding a vase.
Broken at knees. Face perish_d
Beard_d man drap_d in kaunakes holding a vase.
Broken at knees. Face perish_d. :
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1
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TC. relief.
Drap_d beard_d man, h. clasp_d on breast.
Broken off at waist.:
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1
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TC. relief.
Godd_ss Bau on throne -
Feet missing.
Hands extended holding 2 ?
2 flowing vases
Seated on 2 geese:
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1
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TC. relief. Back of bedstead w. 2 birds
Facing each other: Below: crosses in circles.
cf. 18305. PH. 2230.:
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1
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TC. Relief. Beard_d god, full face. Left raised & holding a bird (?)
the rt by the side.
cf. 17175
holding ibex & [drawn symbol]
:
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1
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TC. relief. Beard_d god, horn_d head_d holds 2 staves against shoulders upper part only:
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1
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TC. relief. Beard_d god. tall, slim. Peg. shaped below waist.-Long dress covering left arm & sh. only.-on either sides 2 long snakes, heads level w. head of fig.:
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1
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TC. relief. Beard_d man
Broken at waist.:
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1
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TC. relief. Beard_d man holding
a kid before him. Upper part of head is missing.:
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1
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TC. relief. Beard_d man standing. full face: Rt. h. to breast, left by side. cloak & skirt-Feet missing.
Idem: 31-16-827. Fr_t Head:
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1
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TC. relief. Beard_d man w. kilt advancing rt. Head full face. (over nude dead body) :
|
1
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TC. relief. Beard_d man wearing short kilt, advancing rt., holds club in l. & a staff (?) or an axe [drawing] in rt.:
|
1
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TC. relief. Beard_d man, full face
upper body nude-cary_g bird between clasp_d h-Broken at waist.:
|
1
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TC. relief. Beard_d worshipper?
w. turban. & skull cap.
Fr from waist up.:
|
1
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TC. relief. Bear_d man.
Broken off below knees.
=1779.:
|
1
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TC. relief. Broken below waist Raised hands covering shoulders:
|
1
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TC. relief. Complete-DRaped fem fig. stand_g -hands to breast elaborate coiffure, but no head orn_ts
Id. 1599:
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1
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TC. relief. Complete. Nude fem. stand_g full face. h. clasp_d. Curv_d lines on the field suggest water (?):
|
1
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TC. relief. Demon facing rt. holding stick (?). Big head. grotesq. features. Very small body. Fr_t from waist up
Bes like on goal-.:
|
1
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TC. relief. Draped Fem. fig. grotesque
Broken at waist.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Drap_d deity stand_g on a lion: behind symbols
God's Fig. above. waist, & hind quarters of lion broken away-Good bold work.:
|
1
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TC. relief. Drap_d fem fig. w. r. hand extended.
ID: 31-16-877
31-16-812}
31-16-811 } lower body:
|
1
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TC. relief. Drap_d Fem. standing clasp_d:
|
1
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TC. Relief. Drap_d Fem. standing. clasp_d:
|
1
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TC. relief. Drap_d(?) Fem Fig. Head disproportionl_y large-Legs missing. :
|
1
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|
TC. relief. Drap_t Fem fig. stand_g-hands clasped to breasts-Plain chiton
A:broken away above ankles face all gone-:
|
1
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|
TC. relief. Enthoned Ishtar profile left
Feet on seated lions head. Flounced Kaunakes skirt scalloped at bottom.
Td: 17112:31-43-423.
Seated-Kaunak-H_d extended
Feet on lion:
|
1
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TC. relief. Fem drap_d clasped. :
|
1
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TC. relief. Fem Fig. W Flounced skirt nursing child
B. complete. from a smaller mould:
|
1
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TC. relief. Fem Full face, high h. dress
w. long spiral curls falling on shoulders Double bead nLace. H. raised-v
su-illa-
ID: 1781:15684
16931B: 31-43-408
[18611B: 33-35-25 initially indicated then crossed out]:
|
1
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TC. relief. Fem. fig head only Idem: 31-16-804:
|
1
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TC. relief. Fem. fig. Full. Face.. waist up clasped h.-Fillet round hair.:
|
1
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TC. relief. fem. standing, dress_d, clasped background. w. [drawing]
Head_d elaborate:
|
1
|
|
Tc. relief. Fem. w. flounced cloak other wise nude, hands to breasts
A. F_t from hips up. Dq. ht. 80mm
B. F_t from hands up. ht. 50mm
from a similar but smaller mould.
A.H. low down on floor level. In n_o 15 Pater noster row:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Fr_t Bearded head & r.
shoulder. Reddish clay:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Fr_t head & body only Nude Fem. fig. w. neckl. & turban Arms cross_d on chest. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Fr_t Nude fem fig-[pudenda to top-Hands on breasts. Heavy necklaces Hair in horizontal coils-Pudenda much emphasized-Poorly moulded:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. God & goddess facing each other- Both wear long dress w. pleated flounces.
Complete except feet.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. God full face, curls & beard-Broken at waist:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. God_ss seated on animal in front of Enkidu (bull man)-She holds 2 bird on a staff.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. greenish -
Fem. full face. stand_g, h. to breasts Triple Feather crown, bead girdle (?).
on side of fig..traces of rope. pattern cage of a veil or shrine (?) behind goddess?:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Grotesq.
Human fig.
[Crossed out: Pregnant woman. cf. 16920]:
|
1
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|
TC. relief. Horn_d godd_ss standing between 2 geese. Streams of water, fishes.
Suns & stars in backgr.
:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Lower end bent forward
Fem fig- possibl_y goddess- elaborate headd., flounced robe- H. clasped at waist.
Id: 31-16-878
:15653
:31-43-398
:33-35-49:
|
1
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TC. relief. Lowerpart. Nude fem. fig. Full face. :
|
1
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|
TC. relief. Male fig. beard_d. advance_g rt. Left hand across body, holds a curved weapon like a scimitar. on head 2 skull cap w. turban-Long cloak passing over l. sh. (:) - Broken at the hips.:
|
1
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|
TC. relief. Man driving a lion. Complete except for back legs of lion & legs of man. Fair impression.:
|
1
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|
TC. relief. Man wearing kilt. advancing rt. over rough ground (dead body!)
Fr_t Good bold work. :
|
1
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|
TC. relief. Miniature. Type III c. J. Nude Fem. Fig. w hands clasped below breasts. complete.:
|
1
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|
TC. relief. Monkey. Elbows against sides Hands poised on breast. rt. above left.
holding a flute to the mouth.:
|
1
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|
TC. relief. Moon god & consort: seated side by side w. arms round each other- Male beard_d, bonnet-
fem. hair over forehead, in heavy silk curls- Both flounced skirts.
Light pink clay :
|
1
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|
TC. relief. Mould_d whitish Ft waist up. Fem. nude, h. to breasts face broken away. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude beard_d man.
head & body Facing, legs in profile.
The god Ea, holding jar from which flow 2 streams.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude fem fig. w. hands clasp_d at breasts. Coarse violent type. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude fem-young girl-standing Full Face. hands clasped. Hair ni waves double necklace
B. Fat from waist upwards. Identical but not from the same mould.
c:
d::
|
1
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TC. relief. Nude fem. Broken-above waist-H. apparently by side(no!):
|
1
|
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TC. relief. Nude fem. Fig. complete-clasped hands. Double neckl. Hair heavily waved. over ears. cover_d above w. linen? Band over brow. Loops behind-Fine detail_d work. :
|
1
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TC. relief. Nude fem. fig. rt arm
raised above head-complete except for feet-Encrusted w. salt.
cf. 1104. 1204. 20048.
Bes-like-r_t h_d raised:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude fem. h. to breasts. High relief.
A- Broken at knees.
B- h & feet missing. 90mm:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude fem. hands to breasts Grotesque-Broken at thighs. Feet on Fr_t: 31-16-854:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude fem. holding tympan to breast: -id U. 16437- diff mould.
Complete to ankles. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude fem. standing Full face. Rt. arm below breast. l.h.raised.Hair falling on shoulders round ears. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude fem. stand_g clasped.
Neckl-Negroid type of face.
rt arm missing-Brok at feet.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude fem. suckling child. Legs broken above feet. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude Fem. w. h. clasped below breasts. Red Clay. Good models Broken above knees::
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude fem. w. snood % neckl. H. clasp_d on breast Bold model_g Broken off at waist:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude fem. WEaving wig large lunate ear-rings--4 strings of beads? Poor work. Broken below waist:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude Fem.-h. clasp_d-Hair dressed in heavy rather Egypt. style. A. Fr_t from hands upwards-(background removed) B. Fr_t.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude girl. Standing. full FAce. left h. to breast. r. hand to shoulder level. (The body has almost a Praxitelian curve?) A:complete except for lower legs. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude man advance_g rt.
play_g an instrum_t like a banjo
w. long streamers (?) hang_g from
the key board.
Head missing:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude man, w. horn_d head_d. & belt. Bearded full face-Hands to breast holding a fly-whisk (?) & a bird
Idem. F_t [notation questionable]
1315:15629
...:33-35-46:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Nude woman suckling infant
A : broken away from waist :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Part of a circular model table ? on legs. of which only one remains! On top a stamped design of a bird, palm branches, a round object (fruit?) and an oblong like a rectangled cartouche.
Whitish clay:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Pornographic scene of man copulat_g w. woman from behind (no vase in front of the woman) He holds her by the hair, she stands bend_g forward, her rt. h. behind grasp_g his pelvis Most of the man fig. flak_d away. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Puzuzu head:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Puzuzu head.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Seated goddess. Full Face h. clasp_d below breasts - Long dress w pleated flounces and a turreted crown complete. except feet:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. seated woman wearing Flounced skirt and suckling a child. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Shewing male (rt) & fem (l.) standing, facing, each w. hands upon sh. of the other. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Tambourine player.
[Circled:] Type III a.
C: Fr_t. from knees up. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Tympan player
E: From belly up. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Tympan. player. [Circled:] Type III a.
Broken at knees.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Type Ib.B [A initially indicated then crossed out replaced by B]
Two gods advance_g side by side.
They wear tall feather (?) crowns
& short kilts. Both carry a litnus
in his left h.
A- Broken at knees-75mm.
B-Only rt. h. Fig. left, & broken.
above knees- 80x40mm:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Type. VI. 12.
Drap_d god_ss seated r. with feet on 2 bull(?)-Head & ch missing:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Type. XIII.5. Woman drap_d-advancing left, w r. arm extended-R. hand, and Fig below hips missing. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Relief. Woman hands clasped below breasts, wearing heavy ruffles, a necklace round neck, aut a headd of 5 large bunches of hair
Lines round the waist. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Woman suckling child.
Child sits on l. hand, cf? is supported by r. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief. Woman suckling child. Child sits on l. hand, cf? is supported by r. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief.. Beard_d. horn_d god. clasped Beard. Locks. With ornaments (kaunakes)
from top to below shoulders.
close Fitting tight below waist
Rosettes & crescents:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief.. Nude fem. in high relief From breasts upwards common Features of Kassite type:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief.. Seated goddess-Flounc_d
Horn_d mitre
2 pegs behind to make it stand up:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief: Bearded god w. 3 horn_d
head_d., holding over his sh. a mace in rt. h. and an axe in l.
Similar to U.1301.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief: Beard_d god. Type VIII. 4.
C.:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief: clothed woman in profile suckling child. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief: mother & child. Type V.3
complete
A to T.
NT = Ningiszida Temple (Rim Sin)
NH = ?
AH = Abraham. house?:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief: Nude fem. hands on breasts. Head small, bird like. -Hair treated as in archaic samian statues. Hips&thighs grotesqly wide-complete but poor impress:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief: Nude Fem. holding breasts Broken below knees
Idem 31-16-833 31-16-830:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief: of a bull-leg_d demon facing
1. Broken in half, but virtually complete. Body in profile, w.l.leg advanced, and hands hold in front a staff.
Head full face
Nude. except for a belt: Bulls horn
headdr & bulls ears. Human face.
long curled beard.
Upper in high relief-legs flat & poor Paint _d bright red w. black beard & eyes.
[See. large. photo print]:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief: Seated- goddess.
D. Fr_t broken. Just above waist :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief: Tymp. player. Nude fem. Stand_g full face. Over shoulders a spotted cloak- coarse type.
C: From thighs up:
|
1
|
|
TC. relief: Tympan player. From waist up. :
|
1
|
|
TC. relief: Woman. supporting baby at breast. Head draped.
Idem : U. 2571 sketch :
|
1
|
|
TC. reliefs: Woman's head w. disk? below
B: very poor impression. Complete
A-C :
|
1
|
|
TC. rough. fig. Man in tall overhang_g cap. Eyes applied pellets. Lower body and arms missing.:
|
1
|
|
TC. seated god_ss full face. hold_g vase(?) against her body Pleat_d Flounc_d dress. shawl(?) over sh. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Seat_d fem. grotesq. fig. abnormal_y large hands held against breast, hair done up in thick bunches at side - Heavy neckl. Pellet eyes.
Idem
33-35-33:
|
1
|
|
TC. seat_d fem. in flounc_d d. complete. Bad impr. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Seat_d fem. w. long flounc_d
dress, h. clasp_d.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Seat_d godd_ss in kaunakes skirt holding a vase, from which water pours on either side against the breast
Long flowing hair falling down breast and done up in a knot over either ear
H. horn_d headd.- crescents on either side.
Behind throne a peacock, tail of which shows behind rt. side, and head behind it h. also
Idem. 16444D: 31-43-412:
|
1
|
|
TC. Seat_d God_ss . Type VI. A
A- Complete but worn. 90mm.
B-Fr_t Waist up.
C-Fr_t Waist down
D-Head only Type VI 2
E. Fr_t broken at waist h. 60mm:
|
1
|
|
TC. Seat_d god_ss w. horn_d cap.
long flounc_d dress, facing rt., feet
on a lion.
cf. 18773 Ph.2276 [drawing]
:
|
1
|
|
TC. Seat_d god_ss, full face
Pleat_d Flounc_d dress-on each side
a star on a staff. Rosettes in field.
On one side of her feet a small
lion, on the other a monkey(??).:
|
1
|
|
TC. sheep? Reddish clay. Legs missing Inscrib_d : Nam + rec 316 Agrig_d Nannar overseer of Nannar.
Found 2.6 m below surface in disturb_d soil. Apparently not connected in any particular grave- Position 69°-C 323°-A:
|
1
|
|
TC. Stand_g God_ss. full face
between two very small Fig.
hold_g tall crosses:
|
1
|
|
TC. stand_g man Fring_d shawl. Tassl_d belt. Fing_g stola-Broken feet. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Tortoise. :
|
1
|
|
TC. upper part Male fig. beard_d advance_g rt., arms by side-Cuirass (?) & girdle.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Upper part of two fig. side by side, full face. Beard_d man wearing cloak. Woman in heavy dress
From hips up:
|
1
|
|
TC. Upper part. missing.
Male-Skirt open on one side for
protrude_g leg. Skirt down nearly to feet, represent_d by incis_d lines Rt. h. holds battle axe, handle to ground. head against abdomen.
Rt. a hoe-like object Fixed into the ground. haft a this spiral column.
At top 2 curved prongs.:
|
1
|
|
TC. Woman drap_d seat_d & suckling an infant Broken above knees Idem 31-16-791 33-35-47:
|
1
|
|
TC. Woman nurs_g infanct. Fr_t waist up. :
|
1
|
|
TC. Woman seat_d rt. & work_g w. a distaff (?):
|
1
|
|
TC. Woman squat_g, hold_g baby to 1. breast, -
Head d. of some repped material.:
|
1
|
|
TC.. relief. Beard_d god. draped-
standing on animal.
B. id. Dq. 70mm. Broken at thigh
C " " 65 " knees:
|
1
|
|
TC.fig. Fem. chest to feet. Primitive style of Type III b. flat. &
board-like:
|
1
|
|
TC.Mask. Pinkish. drab.:
|
1
|
|
TC.relief, Grotesq. nude male Fig.
Fr. from waistdown: 16946D?
(probably lower part of Bes
20048-Ph. 2285)
*
Complete relief: 16946D:
|
1
|
|
TC.relief.
Man wearing short kilt
advancing rt. carry_g 2 fishes
head missing.
[Note..added after in different ink-written"1 crouching. lions? club]:
|
1
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|
Telegram sent via Western Union.3P R VIA RCACD LONDON 15 / 13 1201 DEC 5 1932LCO UNIVERSITY MUSEUMPHILADELPHIAPLEASE TRANSFER TO BROWN SHIPLEY DOLLARS15000 PUBLICATION FUNDWOOLLEY836A DEC 5 1932:
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TELEGRAMS, \"AQUILAE, LONDON.\" TELEPHONE NOS RECENT 4024 & 4025ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB, ST. JAMES'S STREET, S.W.1. June 18. 25Dear LegrainFirst of all, I do want you to let me have a translation of the long Bur-Sin doorsocket about the first building of E-dublal-mah : I propose quoting it at length in the report (which is otherwise finished & ready for the printer) & find that I have no copy thereof : so could you let me have it with as little delay as may be.As to news. The report is finished & I'm getting ready for the exhibition & also waiting on the final volume on Tell el Obeid : & I'm raising money for next season's dig.:
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TELEGRAMS, \"AQUILAE, LONDON\".TELEPHONE NOS REGENT 4024 & 4025ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB.ST. JAMES'S STREET.S.W.2Taking the points of your letterA. Drawings: I was under the impression that these had been selected at the time of the division of objects & that the two 'restorations' at least had already gone to America: so I took no direct steps, & was only surprised to find they were here. Now I have put together the principal plans & drawings & they are being despatched to you at once. B. Photographs. I knew you required these & had [advised?] the prints to be made: the full batch only came in a few days before your letter arrived. They are now being sent on. All the expedition negatives are stored in the British Museum, but that Museum has no set of prints.C. Record of objects. The British Museum had not a copy of the Card catalogue, & I had not realised that you might require one. The Iraq govt. had a copy made of the 1922-23 catalogue, & a duplicate of this was struck off, which I am sending you now: the catalogue of this season is being typed also for the Iraq govt., and I:
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TELEGRAMS, \"AQUILAE, LONDON\".TELEPHONE NOS REGENT 4024 & 4025ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB.ST. JAMES'S STREET.S.W.3have added a copy for you, & also one of the catalogue for 1923-24: these will be sent on when finished. D. Objects for exhibitions. I have been round the temporary exhibition here with Dr. Hall & Mr. Gadd and have arranged with the former that besides the stela fragments all the main objects of interest shall be sent over to you pending division. I am not sending pottery, nor any of the 4 gate-sockets which are heavy and not very spectacular: in the case of absolute duplicates (cones of Ir-Engur, Warad-din & Sin-balatsu-ikbi) I have advised immediate division, so that those which come to you will be the first installment of Philadelphia's ultimate share of objects:- it seemed unnecessary to send 4 or 5 duplicates of each type. As to the packing, Dr. Hall consents to take full responsibility for this: nothing would really be gained by my supervising personally the Museum's packers, or to give up my passage (which I only obtained through direct Government action, to which I have a very shadowy claim!) would be fatal, as berths cannot now be booked until November, & so late a:
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TELEGRAMS, \"AQUILAE, LONDON\".TELEPHONE NOS REGENT 4024 & 4025ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB.ST. JAMES'S STREET.S.W.4start would wreck the season: and this of course you would not wish!E. Your objection to \"my plan to raise money in Iraq' is based on a misunderstanding. Last season the British residents in Iraq raised a fund to help the British Museum's side of the work, but I did not myself initiate, organise or direct this, & thought I was naturally most grateful to the [enthusiasts?] who ran the fund, I was strongly opposed to any attempt to repeat such a thing in Iraq. It is true that this summer I have gone without any holiday in order to try & raise funds over here, & I have throughout appealed not for the Joint Fund but for the British Museum: but here I was really considering the interests of the Joint Expedition. Owing to financial circumstances over here, the amount of my total grant for the Expedition depends ultimately upon that of the British Museum's contribution: Philadelphia is able to contribute up to the half of my estimate, the British Museum is:
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TELEGRAMS, \"AQUILAE, LONDON\".TELEPHONE NOS REGENT 4024 & 4025ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB.ST. JAMES'S STREET.S.W.5not; and so, unless help is forthcoming to the latter, my grant is doubly curtailed. In trying to bring the British Museum's contribution up to the half of my estimate the only interest I have in view is that of the Joint Expedition. It is obvious that just as in America you would find most ready support for the University Museum's side of the common work, so the appeal made in the name of the British Museum finds the more ready response in England or in Iraq - in the latter both because of the presence of [Britishers?] and in [?] of our position as mandatory Power: thus, the concessions made by the Iraq Railways (which has totalled some hundreds of pounds) and the fact that our antiquities are given free sea passage, to quote only two instances, really result from the British Museum's interest in the Expedition and its good will, though the advantage is equally shared. And since I do want to remove any feeling that the British University Museum suffers in:
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TELEGRAMS, \"AQUILAE, LONDON\".TELEPHONE NOS REGENT 4024 & 4025ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB.ST. JAMES'S STREET.S.W.6any way from the closer connection which I am physically bound to have with London, I would add that in the British Museum itself a great deal of work is done by the Staff & personnel (e.g. in cleaning and mending, unpacking, packing etc.) from which the two Museums benefit alike although the work does not figure in my balance-sheet. The report on last season's work, to be published as usual in the Antiquities' Journal, is now in page proof & will be isseud in October; would you please communicate with the Controller of the University Press, Oxford, if you need off-prints. As regards the final publication on Tell el Obeid, I am responsible for chapters 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9: of these 2, 4, 5, 8 are finished, 7 requires only one section to be added, and 9 is the catalogue, i.e. is already in rough form. Dr. Hall will do chapters 1, 3: Mr Gadd ch. 6, and Sir Anthony Keith ch. 10 on the skulls: I hope to have galley proofs ready on my return to Baghdad & the Museum should be:
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TELEGRAMS, \"AQUILAE, LONDON\".TELEPHONE NOS REGENT 4024 & 4025ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB.ST. JAMES'S STREET.S.W.7in the Press next summer. I told you that Mr. M.E.L. Mallowan was engaged as general archaeological assistant. I feared that it would again be necessary to go without an assistant, but my attempts to raise funds have been so far successful that Sir Frederic Kenyon has authorised me to engage an architect: this is Mr. A. S. Whitburn, who is warmly recommended by the Architectural Association and was approved by the Royal Institute of British Architects: it is a last-minute appointment for which I am most grateful. Mr. Whitburn will do his best to join me at the beginning of the season. I go on Oct. 2. to Paris, where I need to study the Susa pottery and the Sumerian antiquities of the Louvre: on Oct. 13th I sail from Marseilles and hope to be in Baghdad on the 24th and to start work at Ur on or before November 1st.:
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TELEGRAMS, \"AQUILAE, LONDON\".TELEPHONE NOS REGENT 4024 & 4025ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB.ST. JAMES'S STREET.S.W.8My next report to you should therefore be from Ur. I am looking forward with great pleasure to seeing Legrain again. Work next season will being on the [?] layer mound in the South angle of the Temenos enclosure, the site provisionally named E-kharsag: it should prove to be either a palace or a temple of very great importance, and I trust it will reward us well. Two small fragments of the Ur-Engur stela actually fit on to the fragment which you already possess!Yours sincerelyC Leonard Woolley:
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Telegrams, \"AQUILAE, LONDON\"TELEPHONE No. REGENT 4024 & 4025ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB,ST. JAMES'S STREET,S.W.May 4. 1923Dear Gordon,I'm sending herewith the rough draft ofan article I'm putting into the \"Times\" onthe season's work at UR: and though you saythat on your side the newspaper publicityhas been sufficient I think it best to send youa copy:- a rough draft only, because my typewriterhasn't yet got back from Mespot[?] and so I'm reduced to writing by hand. Another very similar article, withaltered wording, goes to the Illustrated London News.The antiquities have not yet reached this country - they should be here within 3 weeks: thenI shall unpack and prepare for temporary exhibitionso that the division into [?shares?] can be effectedeasily. I myself reached London ten days agoand have not yet been home; there has been a:
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TELEGRAMS, \"AQUILÃ, LONDON\"TELEPHONE Nos REGENT 4024 & 4025ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB,ST. JAMES'S STREET,S.W.Dear Dr. Gordon My telegram will have informed you briefly of the very regrettable outcome of Mr. Paul Hunter's attachment to the joint British Museum and University of Pennsylvania Expedition. The facts stated at greater length are as follows.In accordance with a letter sent to me by Mr. Harrison, I expected Mr. Hunter to arrive in London on the 17th. inst, and was perturbed by his non-appearance. He actually arrived on the 19th, and I first saw him on the 21st, having been out of London on the 20th. It appeared that Mr. Hunter had had difficulties in France. Unable to change the English notes which alone he possessed for French money at the railway-station, he had forcibly boarded a train without a ticket, and had been arrested and imprisoned. He was released, and reached London penniless: but was received at the St. James' Palace Hotel on promise of procuring funds on the following day. In:
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TELEGRAMS, \"AQUILE, LONDON.\"TELEPHONE NOS REGENT 4024 & 4025.ROYAL SOCIETIES CLUB, ST. JAMES'S STREET,S.W.1.May 15 26Dear GordonMany thanks for your cheque for £5.10.--which has duly been credited to the Joint Fund.I got home on the evening of May 5th to find the strike just started: since then I have been a special constable patrolling and escorting food stuffs I have not had time for anything else: but now I hope to get [?shipment?] [?here?] to:
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TELEPHONE HOLBORN 2463.TELEGRAPH \"TASTEFUL, LONDON.\"[illustration: emblem for WHITE HALL RESIDENTIAL HOTELS LTD.]WHITE HALLBLOOMSBURY SQUARELONDON. W.C.1Dec. 10. 32Dear Mr. Jayne,I am nearly at the end of my work, at least of what I can do this winter. But winter is decidedly a bad season for work at the British Museum. I am nearly through with a bad cold, and I quit next week. I finished copying over one thousand seal impressions on clay, and about two hundred seals from Ur, the property of the Br. Mu. Besides I looked carefully:
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TELEPHONE HOLBORN 2463.TELEGRAPH \"TASTEFUL, LONDON.\"[illustration: emblem for WHITE HALL RESIDENTIAL HOTELS LTD.]WHITE HALLBLOOMSBURY SQUARELONDON. W.C.1Oct. 30. 32.Dear Mr. Jayne,Thanks for your letter. [there is a hand-written bracket in front of the word I, which I have included in my transcription.] [I wish I could tell you when I am coming back. But it is hard to fix a date. I am working as fast as I can, given the local customs and traditions. The British Museum opens at 10 a.m. and closes at 4 p.m., at least for visitors working on the Assyrian collections, and you cannot expect to start quite at 10. Every night the objects are put away carefully and locked, and it takes some time before they can be produced again by the proper assistant:
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tell from what you write what is to be the principle of your alphabetical index, but I should say that a list of Proper Names is generally desirable, and I hope you will be able to give one.Your last paragraph suggests that you will be visiting us again this summer. If you can bring your work with you, all the better, but if not it will still be a great pleasure to see you again.Yours sincerely,C.J.Gadd. [signature underlined]:
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temple, gates, colonnades, rosy and honey coloured like old ivory. There is a half brand new hotel. But yes we have no hot water. All the turks have arrived and are waiting outside on the desert - good long ride to Kebeisa near Hit where we found in the local khans a first touch of English comfort.In Bagdad I did not omit to present dutifully your respects to Hon. Miss G.B. - Could I ask you to mail at her address a copy of the Mus. Journ. with my account of the Ur Expedi-tion, and another copy to Mr. R.E. Cooke of the Awqaf - Since they are mentioned by name I know that they would like to read it. And if my request may be granted, I should like to have a copy of the Seals catalogue of the museum for the camp library at Ur, useful on the dig. Your two volumes of Miss G.B. were received with gratitude.The two new assistants of Woolley are very nice. You will probably hear more in the report. The first two weeks have been successful. Bronze and stone objects, and statues of Dungi time well repay the first efforts. The supposed palace of Dungi is a rich burying ground, gull of brick built rectangular tomb vaulted over.-I spent two days to visit Ktesiphon, Babylon and Borsippa before reaching Ur-McKay is working for a while in the isle of Bahrein before coming back to Kish. Heavy rain the first part of the month. I just come in time for the fine weather.[Note written vertically on left side of page]I hope the paper I mailed in Rome has arrived safely. Yours sincerely, L. Legrain:
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Terra.Cottas
Unused - Unidentified TC
.. only CBS no:
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TerraCottas TC. Fragments unused Nude Fem. Slim Draped n_d modelled Heads:
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Texts [Jan 14, 1947] Dear Mrs. Godfrey:The University Museum's files, \"British Museum\" from 1929 to 1940, inclusive (except for 1934, which was not available) have been reviewed to determine the University Museum's liability for expenses of publishing Dr. Legrain's \"Business Documents of the Third Dynasty of Ur,\" being Volume III of Texts, which is the second series of volumes under the title \"Ur Excavations.\"The series of Texts do not share in the benefits of the Carnegie grant of $25,000. made at the end of 1931, which was intended to be limited to the expenses of publishing Volume II of the Archaeology series.The files produced no overall agreement with regard to the publication of the Texts. The first approach to the question of how expenses of Dr. Legrain's Volume III were to be borne is contained in a letter from George Hill of the British Museum to Mr. Jayne of the University Museum, dated April 29, 1936, in which he stated that Dr. Legrain was to have the MS of a large volume of text ready for the printers about September of that year. The letter continues, \"Mr. Gadd himself will have a volume ready in the financial year 1937-8. With the two already published, these four volumes cover only a small part of the work to be done, but there is at present no arrangement for future volumes. The two museums are under an obligation to publish and some provisions must be made for this work.\"This letter statement might be taken as an indication of a legal obligation of publication, but as a result of the lack of any written agreement of reference thereto, in the files I am satisfied that Mr. Hill had in mind only a moral obligation upon the two universities to publicize the results of the Expedition's finds.Mr. Hill's letter then suggests the hiring of a Dr. Martin to make copies of tablets and requests that Mr. Jayne put the matter before his board to discover if the University Museum will be able to bear half the cost. The University Museum agreed to this proposal, and, in a letter dated September 29, 1936 approved the publication of Dr. Legrain's volume of plates at a cost of [pound sterling symbol] 495\"to be divided equally between the two museums.\"In like manner, under date of September 30, 1937 Mr. Jayne gave Mr. Forsdyke of the British Museum approval of the publisher's estimate of [pound sterling symbol] 107/10 for printing the test of Dr. Legrain's book.At the time that arrangements were being made for sharing these printing costs, an arrangement was also entered into for paying [pound sterling symbol]200 per year to a Dr. Figulla for translation work in connection with the Text series. On March 6, 1939, in stating the printing account, Mr. Esdaile of the British Museum proposed that Dr. Figulla be paid [Pound sterling symbol] 300 for the year 1940-41. Mr. Jayne cabled:
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that it was not accidentally brought up for division and allott-ed to Philadelphia, because had that been the case it would havebeen registered together with the other objects. Would you haveenquiries made and if the shell is really in your keeping haveit returned to Baghdad where it properly belongs? I have written to Jordan telling him that I am writing to you on the chance of the shell being in Philadelphia. If youhave not got it please let me know and, do not trouble to commun-icate direct with Baghdad. I'm sorry to trouble you, but it is one of those annoying little confusions which ought to be put right, and I have foundit impossible to clear things up by myselfYours sincerely,Leonard Wooley:
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that older building were re-faced simply in order to givex them this decoration. We first encountered this at Ur in the palace of the royal [xxx] priestess Bel-shalti-nannar. It is followed in the new Babylon which Nebuchadnezzar built and the analogy makes it probable that the last [xxxx] phase of Ur was not a natural development but an arbitrary creation of [x] the Neo-Babylonian kings.:
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that the civilised world expects facilities for archaeological exploration, and that such facilities should be provided without delay.I think therefore that it would be helpful if you would make a formal application to the India Office for permission to send an expedition to Mesopotamia, setting out your work already done at Nippur and your desire to resume it, and also if you will, your wish to cooperate with the British Museum in the excavation of Ur. Some pressure may be necessary to secure what we want; and pressure from America will show that the British Museum does not stand alone in its desire to carry out the work of archaeology.I shall be glad if you can let me know what action you decide to take.Believe me, Yours sincerely,[signature] F. G. Kenyon:
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that you will find some opportunity to come to England once again, if only a day or two can be spared from the joys of France.Again many thanks and sincere good wishesYours faithfullySidney Smith.:
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the bodies of all the animals represented, sometimes crossed and then with the head turned backward in a manner which is anatomically hardly credible.Another peculiar piece is U.6807. It shows a procession of animals and demon animals holding emblems. Above is an object that I do not understand. Is it a boat, like U.2223, or an animal on its back? The execution is poor, and the seal rubbed, so it is hard to make out details.What do you think of specimens like U.17745? A man contending with a lion, while a second man comes to the rescue. The drawing is puerile, a dot for head, forked lines for body, just as a child of 3 years old might draw the scene. There is quite a little group of seals executed in that manner.You see, there are many, many points about which I should like to ask your opinion. But I shall have to wait until your book is published, and I can seek instruction there!Dr. Frankfort has returned to Baghdad to take up his work at Tell Asmar. His Expedition, the Warka Expedition, and possibly the small one led by Professor Furlani, seem to be likely to be the only excavators in Mesopotamia this season. The Ur Expedition has such masses of unpublished material, so perhaps it will be a good thing to have a free year in which to prepare some, at least, of the material for publication in the form in which such splendid objects deserve to be set forth.Thanking you once more very much indeed for your most kind help, and with every good wish for a very happy Christmas,Yours very sincerely,[script signature which appears to be E. Douglas Van Buren][there are small drawings of U.12114, U.6807, and U.17745 at the bottom of the page.]:
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The British Museum paid the following charges which ,with the possible exception of the whole of the first item, arerecoverable from Pennsylvania.1927Oct. 4 Messrs. F. Stahlschmidt & Co.Half-Freight of photographs &c. to Basra £1. 10. 015 4Nov.8 Miss G. PatersonInventory of objects 2. 0. 0Nov. 1 Oxford University PressCarriage of 250 copies of Al'Ubaidpublication to Philadelphia 2. 14. 01928July 6 Messrs. F. Stahlchmidt & Co. Freight, &c. of 125 copies of UrRoyal Inscriptions from London toPhiladelphia 9. 18. 9______£165. 8. 51______:
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The Cemetery volume is almost done--all in page[??] proof, all illustrations finished & only the index not quite ready: it ought to be out if not at the end of this month at the beginning of December & will I think be a handsome volume. Good Luck.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley:
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THE DIRECT?FIVE <5> CASESANTIQUES 1340 LBSMARKED - TO DIRECTORTHE BRITISH MUSEUMLONDON ENGLAND.[#] 1>5 [note, \"/\" through \">\"]FREIGHTPREPAID.[Stamped \"FREIGHT PREPAID\"]44 Ft. 9 in. @ 50c per cft., $ 22.38:
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the direction of Mr. Woolley, as Director on behalfof both Museums, during the period of their engagement.Mr. Loud, having already had field experience, will no doubt understand this.Our exhibition of last season's work was opened on July 1st. Though not so spectacular as in previousyears, it is extremely interesting, and the results areof great archaeological importance.I hope to be in Philadelphia in September next(according to present arrangements on Sept.18th), asmember of a Commission which is visiting libraries onbehalf of the Bodleian Library. I shall hope to havethe opportunity of meeting you, and of seeing the progressof your Museum since 1923.Yours sincerelyF. G. Kenyon [signature}:
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The Episcopalian Club of Massachusetts Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting, January 22, 1934Discoveries Made at Ur of the Chaldees, the City of AbrahamThe ancient city of Ur is situated in Iraq, a few miles from the Euphrates River and about two hundred miles southeast of Bagdad. The joint Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania Museum and the British Museum in Mesopotamia began operations on the site of Ur under the leadership of C. Leonard Wooley [C. Leonard Woolley] in 1922, excavating the walls of the sacred area and the Ziggurat or staged tower which appears to be the counterpart of the Tower of Babel. Later campaigns uncovered the city of the time of Abraham, including streets and houses that existed two hundred years before his time. Finally, in the Royal Tombs in the predynastic cemetery were found treasures wrought in gold and lapis lazuli of more than a thousand years earlier, which show a high state of artistic development over five thousand years ago. These objects were ancient at the time of Solomon and antedate the time of King Tutankhamen of Egypt by two thousand years. These discoveries will be described by Dr. Leon Legrain, Curator of the Babylonian Section of the University Museum, Philadelphia, eminent scholar and Assyriologist who took part in the explorations.[image: artifacts]Gold Utensils From the Royal Tombs of Ur, 3500 B.C.:
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the essence of the scheme. But the book trade demands for the retail dealer something between 33% & 40%, and won't handle the book on other terms: & this would diminish beyond all reason the takings on which we [illegible] for the publication of subsequent volumes. I suggest that the two Museums announce the publication & [illegible] that the price to subscribe will be $12 (& £3.3.0), subscriptions in cash (+ postage) being received at either Museum up to a certain date (say 6 months from actual publication) & that up to that date the book can:
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The Executive Committee of the British School of Archaeology in 'Iraq (Gertrude Bell Memorial) has decided to publish a Journal, to be called \"'Iraq. The Journal of the British School of Archaeology in 'Iraq\", devoted to the study of the history, archaeology and social customs of the country from the earliest period down to 1700 A.D. The history and civilisation of the neighbouring countries, as well as of 'Iraq, during the ancient, Persian, Hellenistic, and Mohammedan periods, are also within its scope. Any matter of general interest, including texts, will be accepted, but exclusively philological articles will not be considered.Articles will be printed in English, French, German and Italian. Oriental or other languages with special scripts are to be transcribed into Roman characters. The Journal is to be well illustrated, and only good photographs will be reproduced. Collotype and half-tone will be used as required.Contributions, for which no payment will be made, will be welcomed. The first volume will be published in two parts, of which it is hoped the first may appear in the spring of 1934. MSS should be sent to:-The Editor of \"'Iraq\", Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, British Museum, London, W.C. 1.:
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The exhibition being now fairly launched, andthe necessary lectures given, Mr. Woolley is leaving Londonfor a well-earned holiday, during which, however, he willbe preparing his report for the year, which will be printed,as before, in the Antiquaries Journal for October. He willalso submit proposals for next season, presumably on similarlines to those of previous years.I am sorry it did not occur to me to hold up theissue of our copies of the Ur Texts until you have receivedyours. I hope, however, that no harm will be done, as it is not the sort of publication which is reviewed very promptly,or for which there is a large early demand. Further, ifAmerican customers apply to us, I think we should refer themto you, so as to save costs of transmission.We shall be very glad to see Dr. Legrain if he comesover. Have you considered yet the problem of the division oflast season's finds? It will be a harrowing business, and it is for you to say whether you wish for a prompt division, orwould prefer to wait until we have all the results of thecemetery before us. If some more royal burials should come tolight ( as Mr. Woolley expects) it might be more satisfactory/to:
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The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the University Museum of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia. Statement of Accounts for the month of December, 1922. __________________________A. Travelling Account. ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ £ s d A.W. Lawrence, fare, London - Basra 82 8 8 minor expenses 5 17 6B. Purchases for Work ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Camera tripod RS/ 28. 14 Baskets 216. 6 Entrenching tools 40. 0 Drugs 22. 8 Cotton for packing 12. 0 Small varia 5. 1 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ 324. 13 = 21 13 1C. Purchases for House ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Furniture from Railway Stores 1276. 12 Barbed wiring of house 600. 0 Kitchen utensils 19. 8 Lamp glasses 7. 6 Small varia 35. 12 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ 1939. 6 = 129 5 10D. Miscellaneous Expedition Expenses ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Water Contract (Nov. & Dec.) 245. 0 Equipment for men 114. 2 Sending to Nasiriyah & Basra 98. 5 Freight on railway 12. 1 Staff to Nasiriyah 11. 8 Small varia 6. 2 Telegrams 29. 14 Stamps 5. 4 Bank charges 30. 6 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ 552. 10 = 36 16 10E. Wages ¯¯¯¯¯ Hamoudi 7 0 0 Subforeman 90. 0 Guards 435. 0 Workmen on Excavations 3425. 1 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ 3950. 1 = 263 6 9F. Living Expenses ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Foodstuffs purchased 409. 3 House servants' wages 80. 0 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ 489. 3 = 32 12 3 Haj Wahid's wages 7 0 0G. Salaries ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ F.G. Newton 31 0 0 A.W. Lawrence 18 15 0 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ TOTAL £636 2 11 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯:
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The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has now brought to an end its fifth season at Ur of the Chaldees (a season which lack of funds has made unduly short, but marked by a success greater than has been obtained in any other year.)Once more we have carried back the history of the city and of the land into periods for which there existed no records, and now we are able to picture in detail the civilisation of Mesopotamia as early as 3500 B.C. What is truly surprising is the wealth and the high level of culture of that remote time, and the farther we go back the more elaborate and the more finished seems to be the art of Sumeria. For the last three weeks we have been carrying on the excavation of the cemetery which had occupied us during January, and fortunately have been enabled by the clearer stratification of the graves to distinguish three different sets of graves in the same area representing three distinct periods two of which we can date accurately by written records while the third, though not so definitely fixed, can be shewn to be much older than the rest: all the cemeteries are rich - since January 22 not a day has passed which has not produced some gold object or other, - but the richest graves are the lowest and the earliest. The top graves date from about 2600 B.C., the middle series cover a century or more ending with 3100 B.C., and the lowest must go back to 3500 years before Christ. Of the top graves very few survive, for they were destroyed first by later buildings and then by the wind and rain which have swept away those buildings and the soil on which they rested: most of our good finds were made in the two lower strata, and when we consider these it is worth while to remem-:
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The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania restarted work at Ur on October 28th and work has now completed reached a stage when a report can be made on its progress.The site selected was a lofty mound just outside the wall built by Nebuchadnezzer round the Sacred Area, and a little experimental work done by us at the end of last season had shewn us what was to be expected from it, namely private houses of the citizens of Ur. Hitherto all our excavations have been on temples or fortifications, and though here and there some official residence had come to light we had learnt comparatively little about the domestic conditions of ordinary people, and previous excavations on other sites in Mesopotamia could not here greatly enlighten us, for temple buildings rather than houses have always been the main objective. At Babylon numerous houses had been cleared, but they belonged to a very late date- about 600 B.C., and we did not know whether such low mud-built huts of two or three rooms opening onto a yard represented at all the standard of domestic civilisation that prevailed in earlier times.This month we have cleared an area measuring some seventy yards by fifty and have laid bare several blocks of houses divided by narrow streets, and the result is certainly surprising. The upper levels of the soil containing the remains of the later historical periods had been denuded by the weather and the buildings we found belonged to about the time of Abraham, 2100-1900 B.C., and as they lay deep down in the mound twenty feet or more below the surface, the walls were astonishingly well preserved. The fronts of the houses, generally all the enclosing walls, were of burnt brick throughout, only the interior walls being of mud brick over burnt brick foundations which might rise three feet or so above the level of the brick-paved floor; the quality of the work was admirable. Individual houses differ considerably in size and in the details of their internal arrangements, but:
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The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia.Statement of Accounts for the month of February, 1924.A. Wages of men employed on the excavations To workmen, Feb. 9. Rs. 981. 15. Feb. 16. 1159. 11 Feb.23. 1032. 10. March 1. 768. 3. Guards, for month, 410. 0. Local agent 90. 0. Chauffeur 150. 0. £ s. d. --------- 4592. 7 = 306. 0. 0. Foremen from Jerablus 19. 0. 0.B. Excavation Expenses. Water contract Rs. 185. 0. Purchase of small antikas 90. 14. Varia purchased at Nasiriyah 87. 5. Tyres for car 95. 0. Wooden leg for injured workman 92. 8. Medical fee 20. 0. Men to Nasiriyah 17. 8. Boxes to Bank 6. 5. Present to Sheikh Solman 50. 0. Stamps and telegrams 25. 7. -------- 664. 15. = 44. 8. 7.C. Kerosine, petrol and lubricating oil, joint house and work acct., 413. 0. = 27. 10. 8.D. Living Expenses. Petty cash, Nasiriyah 359. 4. " " Ur Junction 204. 12. Cook's wages 85. 0 House-boy's wages 29. 0. -------- 678. 0 = 45. 4. 0.E. Salaries. C. L. Woolley 50. 0. 0. F.G. Newton 43. 10. 0. --------------- TOTAL £535 16. 6. ----------------N.B. These accounts give to Rupees the nominal flat rate of 15 = £1st. This has to be modified in accordance with the Bank rate at date of credits.:
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The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the University Museum of Philadelphia restarted in the beginning of November the excavations at Ur of the Chaldees which had been interrupted during the summer months. The most laborious task that is being undertaken is the clearance of the masses of debris surrounding the ziggurat or staged tower. It will take many weeks to remove the hundreds thousands of tons of fallen brick and rubbish which mask this great building, but the work will be amply repaid; the walls of the main structure, set up by Ur-Engur about 2300 B.C., are wonderfully well preserved, and even of the upper stages built or repaired by Nabonidus eighteen hundred years later not a little remains; in all Mesopotamia there is no pre-Christian monument so imposing as the ziggurat of Ur.Meanwhile a smaller gang of men has been employed at Tell el Obeid, a little mound some four and a half miles from the ziggurat. In 1919 Dr. Hall dug here and made some remarkable discoveries, but now for the first time we have been able to learn the real character of the site and to recover in good condition some of the astonishing works of art which it conceals.Up to the present two distinct parts of the site have been attacked, a cemetery and the building on which Dr. Hall worked. The graves are probably the earliest yet found in this country, dating from the fifth and early fourth millenia B.C., and have yielded an embarrassing quantity of objects. The people, who were at least in part Sumerian, were still using many stone implements, but were none the less quite familiar with copper, and had developed great skill in hammering and casting the metal; but side by side with implements of flint and copper we find copies of the same in pottery, shewing that both materials, being imported from a distance, were sufficiently valuable to make certain people grudge them to the dead. Pottery is for the most part wheel-made, but hand-made wares had not wholly disappeared, and painted pottery recalling that found in the early strata of the ruins of Susa was in use at the beginning of the period, though it seems to have been ousted later by the plain types. The dead were laid sometimes at full length, sometimes in the contracted or \"embryonic\" position; many were in mere troughs cut in the hard soil, some were in clay urns, oval or circular, such as continued in use throughout all Babylonian history. Most of the bones had decayed away, but a few skulls and one complete skeleton have been recovered, and should prove of no small interest as evidence for the origins of the Sumerian race.The building lies close to the cemetery. On top of the mound are the scanty remains of a temple put up by Dungi, the second king of the Third Dynasty of Ur, who reigned about 2250 B.C. This replaced an earlier building which stood on a terraced platform of mud brick, a building about which we can only say that it quite probably dates to the Second Dynasty of Ur. Entirely buried below the terrace floors lies the building which Dr. Hall first discovered; a lucky chance has brought to light a marble tablet recording its foundation, and we learn that it was the temple of the goddess Nin-khursag, set up by kind A-an-ni-pad-da, son of King Mes-an-ni-pad-da king of the First Dynasty of Ur. Now the scribes who soon after 2000 B.C. drew up the list of the kings of Sumer and Akkad have left it on record that the kings who reigned immediately after the Flood were thos of Kish, - and the years of their reigns would put Methusaleh to shame; then came the second dynasty, that of Erech Erach, vitiated by the like incredible longevity, and third from the Flood is put the First Dynasty of Ur. This dynasty, like the two that preceded it, has commonly been regarded as mythical; true, its rulers were assigned no more than normal length of power, but nothing was known of them, and they were merely names in a schematic list; a dead-reckoning based on the king-lists would put their date somewhere about 4600 B.C., and Sumerian history properly speaking could not be carried back much beyond 3000 B.C. Tell el Obeid has produced not only the oldest dated document yet known, but a contemporary record proving the real existence of these shadowy kings.:
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The Joint Expedition of the British Museum of Pennsylvania to mesopotamia.Statement of Accounts for the month of January, 1924.A. Wages of men employed on the excavations To workmen, Jan. 5. Rs. 1224. 10 Jan.12. 1117. 12 Jan.19. 968. 10 Jan.26. 747. 7 Feb. 2. 868. 7 Balance from December 13. 0 £ s. d. --------- 4939. 14 = 329. 6. 6. Guards 627. 8 = Local agent 90. 0 Chauffeur 150. 0 ------- 867. 8 = 57. 16. 8. Foremen from Jerablus 19. 0. 0.B. Excavation Expenses. Water contract 185. 0. C. L. W. to Baghdad and back 112. 8 Purchase of small antikas 19. 1 Mending waggons 16. 0. Spades, baskets, rope etc., 34. 8 Spikes for railway 42. 3. Varia purchased locally 55. 0. " " in Baghdad 22. 0. Messengers to Nasiriyah 17. 8. Stamps and telegrams 27. 3. Boxes to Bank 2. 4. Bank charges to Dec. 31 75. 8. -------- 608. 11. = 40. 6. 3.C. House furniture . Mats, bedding etc. 18. 10. = 1. 4. 10.D. Living Expenses. Petty cash, Nasiriyah 307. 15. " " Ur Junction 184. 1. Cook's wages 85. 0 House-boy's wages 31. 0. -------- 608. 0 = 40. 10. 8.E. Salaries. C. L. Woolley 50. 0. 0. F.G. Newton 25. 10. 0. --------------- TOTAL £563 14. 11. ----------------N.B. These accounts give to Rupees the nominal flat rate of 15 = £1st. This has to be modified in accordance with the Bank rate at date of credits.:
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THE JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERISTY OF PENN-SYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA.REPORT FOR NOVEMBER 1925.To the Director.Sir, I have the honour to report to you as follows on the work carried out by your Expedition during the month of November. As I have already informed you, I arrived at Ur on October 26th and started work on Friday 30th. On the following day I began the building of the additions to the Expedition house, and these were finished on November 7th: these give me an extra bedroom, bathroom and study - the last serving also as general living-room - and make conditions for the staff far more comfortable than before: I am glad to say that the work was done cheaply, costing much less than I had anticipated, and the expense is fully justified by the improvement effected. Digging was begun on the mound which in my plan published in 1923 I called the Palace of king Dungi, \"E-Harsag\", the same mound in which Taylor dug in 1854 and called the Tomb Mound. We at once found both brick-built tombs and clay larnax burials such as Taylor described, and also the drains which were according to him so prominent a feature of the site: Taylor's account is indeed remarkably accurate as regards details, but his general account is far from correct. We encountered from the start walls of burnt and of crude brick which proved that the site had been occupied by buildings; the graves, which were contemporary with the building remains of the uppermost stratum, had been put beneath the floors of the rooms of those buildings, and the drains, so far from being intended to preserve the graves from moisture, served to drain the buildings above by carrying the water down and dispersing it in the lower soil in which the tombs lay. The structures of the tombs & of the drains was most interesting, and I send with this copies of detailed drawings made of the former by Mr. Whitburn; it will be seen how widely these differ from the fanciful drawing so often reproduced from Taylor's report; I send also photographs of both types of tomb. The graves (the two types are contemporary) are dated by cylinder seals and by tablets found in them to the close of the Larsa Dynasty & the beginning of the First Dynasty of Babylon; they produced a large quantity of pottery which is invaluable for dating purposes and some interesting bronze implements including a razor with a wooden handle. While digging the graves we found, on Nov. 3rd., a magnificent head of a female statuette in white marble with the eys inlaid with shell and lapis lazuli, a piece dating from the Third Dynasty of UR and one of the best works of art of the period yet known; the photograph of this which I [inserted: send] will make unnecessary any further description of this very beautiful fragment. The mound lies in the south corner of the Temenos along the SW wall of the enclosure built by Nebuchadnezzar, the inner face of which we cleared in the course of the work: it was at first perplexing to find that the foundations of this lay more than two metres deeper than those of the walls only a few metres away which we were attributing to the Larsa period, i.e., to about 2000 B.C., and it became obvious that we had to deal with buildings which from a very early time had been set up on a lofty terrace against which the sixth century Temenos wall had run. Unfortunately while the uppermost ruins, those of the Larsa date (all subsequent work has disappeared) have suffered terribly from their exposed position, the underlying structures have been no less damaged by the graves and tombs which had been dug down into them, by the collapse of the terrace, and by the excavations of Taylor who in his search for tombs drove trenches across the mound in every direction destroying:
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THE JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIAREPORT FOR DECEMBER 1925To the Director:Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the work carried out by your Expedition during the past month.The number of workmen employed has been maintained at over two hundred and work has been carried on steadily throughout the month; there has been no rain and only two half days have been lost owing to sandstorms: Christmas day was taken as a holiday, but in compensation for this the following Sunday was treated as a normal working day. In consequence a greater area has been covered and a greater amount of earth shifted than in any one month since first the Expedition took the field. I regret to say that during three weeks of this time we have been short-handed, as Mrs. Keeling broke a collar-bone and had to be sent to hospital at Basra; there are therefore certain arrears in the drawing and recording of photographs but I trust that these will be made good shortly. The health of the other members of your Staff has been uniformly good.At the beginning of the month work was resumed on the deeper levels of the \"E-Harsag\" site. Below the remains of Larsa and IIIrd Dynasty buildings no more graves were found, but walls, pavements and drains which went to a great depth. As I did not wish to remove wholesale the upper ruins it was necessary to dig between their walls, and this, as well as the fragmentary character of the lower remains, made anything like a consistent ground-plan impossible, but a good deal could be learnt about the early levels. We were able to trace the outlines of the prehistoric terrace, a wall with battered front built not of bricks but of lumps of mud, and behind this we found walls, the upper ones built of plano-convex bricks, the lower of terre pisee, which when down in successive strata to twenty six feet be-:
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THE JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TOMESOPOTAMIASTATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE PERIOD JULY 1 to OCTOBER 31, 1927 A. On account of the season 1926-1927 £ s d Bill from Norton & Gregory, drawing materials 18. 3. 7 Grant to Mrs. Woolley 50. 0. 0.B. Preliminary Expenses Bill from Norton & Gregory, 1927-1928 23. 12. 3. Fleming, Photographic work 23. 5. 5. Army & Navy Stores, drugs etc. 16. 7. 3½ Houghton's photographic stores 10. 13. 11. Woolworth, varia 4. 7. 11. Kettle, boxes for antikas 2. 18. 6. Drugs 2. 16. 4. Photo albums 1. 4. 11. Meat safe 1. 13. 4. Cement, distemper, etc. 4. 18. 2. Car, initial cost 15. 0. 0. Cow 5. 12. 6. Varia purchased in London 5. 2. 2. Purchases for work, Nasiriyah, 8. 1. 6. ditto for house 4. 12. 4. Purchase of small antikas 4. 6. Loss on cheques 5. 2. Stamps, telegrams & Customs charges 5. 4. 8½ Papers 2. 1. 3.C. Travelling Account. C.L. Woolley, expenses in London before starting 8. 1. 6. C.L. & K.E. Woolley, Bath to Ur, 179. 7. 10. Foremen from Jerablus to Ur 36. 15. 0.D. Freight on goods 8. 13. 8½E. Wages etc. Pay of guards, 4 months 94. 10. 0. [470] Water contract, 4 months 22. 10. 0. Present to Sheikh 40. 0. 0. Hamoudi, retaining fee, 3 months 12. 0. 0. Wages of foremen, 1 month 21. 0. 0. Wages of men on dig, Oct. 22 Rs 583.8 Oct. 29 Rs 1098.0 126. 2. 2.:
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THE JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIATO MESOPOTAMIA.REPORT FOR FEBRUARY 1926.To the Director,Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the work done by your Expedition during the month of February.The number of men employed has been slightly less than heretofore, averaging about 190, as a certain number have dropped off owing to agricultural work and a few have been weeded out as indifferent workmen. Weather conditions have been trying and some time has been lost through rain; digging was stopped for three days and on one or two others progress was seriously hindered.Work has been somewhat diffuse during the month. In the first twelve days we finished the excavation of the great temple which has been the main work of the season, leaving only a few details outstanding which could best be cleared up by small gangs; the results of this I shall describe later. When the site was finished as a whole two pieces of work were undertaken which seemed to be natural corollaries of that already done: the bulk of the men were set to excavate the area between below the edge of the terrace on which the temple was built, to the north-east, i. e., underneath the SE end of the E-Gig-Par of Nabonidus discovered last season, where nothing earlier than the Neo-Babylonian level had been touched, while a small party dug down through the floor of the Nin-Gal temple of Kuri-Galzu (also excavated last season) so as to test for early levels the area lying between this year's temple and the SE side of the Ziggurat. In the former site no remains were found and it became clear that in the earlier periods there was an open space extending from the NW limits of the Ur-Engur building found by:
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The last fortnight at Ur proved no less successful that the earlier weeks and the results justify a second report even after so short and interval. The Joint Expedition continued its work on the cemetery, but after a while the objects found were so many and the attention required by the important of the graves took up so much time that the bulk the gang of workmen had to be transferred for a week to the great courtyard building which is really the second objective of the season's campaign where they could clear the surface rubbish almost without supervision while the staff with a few men could concentrate on the second of the royal graves of Ur.The actual body of the king was not found by us -- probably it had been plundered by tomb robbers not very long after burial -- but the grave yielded a variety of objects which might well atone for the loss of the royal person. The first object found was a harp. There turned up a staff-head of gold, and then several copper nails with large gilt heads; careful search disclosed a hole running down into the earth from the side of which nail-shafts projected into the void left by the decay the original wood. A stout wire was inserted and the hole filled up with plaster of paris and thus a cast was made of what proved to be the upright beam of the harp with the remaining nails, which were the keys, in their correct positions: the beam was bound with gold below and:
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the methods of work, the workmen, house-building, and archaeological essays on minor points; three such have already gone in this season. These articles are of such a nature that I felt fully justified in making a private arrangement about them - and of course they do give extra publicity to the excavations, and I am always careful to bring in the title of the Joint Expedition. If you should desire to have copies of these articles also, I am sure that I could arrange with the \"Times\" that they would raise no question as to publication in America - what they want is exclusive rights in Great Britain, and they pay me on that consideration. But I would say frankly that if these articles were to be published in America in the public press, i.e., in other than the Museum Journal, I should ask you to arrange on my behalf that they should be duly paid for. These articles are popular, and I know that the \"Times\" pays me for them about three times what it pays other contributors for articles of similar length, and I do not see why the American papers should not pay decently also if they have the things at all. You might let me have your views about this.I think that a well-illustrated article in the American Journal of the American Geographical Society would be a good means of publicity, and if you like I would arrange such for next summer - I could only undertake that in England, not out here.Yours sincerely,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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The money to be placed in a MesopotamianExcavation account with the Eastern Bank, London, and Mr. Woolley to be authorised to draw on it. Alternativeauthority in case of Mr. Woolley's disablement to be arrangedfor Mr. Newton, to come into effect only on cabled instructions from London.In addition to clearing the deficit for 1922-23,about £200 will be required in July and August. £1800 should be paid into the account by Aug. 30th, and the remaining £2000 by Jan 1st 1924.Allocation of funds between British Museum and Philadelphia.£ [heading for column of figures] Total estimated cost 4000Add Mr. Gadd's salary for 6 months 215(Total between underlining) 4215B. M. share (1/3) 1405Philadelphia (2/3) 2810If an additional man should be sent out by Philadelphia, the cost would be added to the Philadelphia share of the expenditure.F.G.K.:
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The Museum of the Universityof Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.They are being shipped by ouragent, Messrs Stahlschmidt,of London, carriage forward,by the S.S. \"London Exchange,\"leaving the port of London onThursday next, Feb. 10, for Phila-delphia.I much regret to hear of thedeath of Dr. Gordon.Very faithfully yoursH. R. Hall.:
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The narrow strip of clay inside, represent the holy seat, the seated figure of the worshiped deity:
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The narrow strip of clay inside. repre sent the holy seat, the seated figure of the worshiped deity. :
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the omission. If you feel able to agree with this proposal I think it will be a happy solution, and we may look forward to the speedy accomplishment of a work. Sadly delayed by circumstances beyond our control. Will you let me hear your answer as soon as possible-by air mail?Your sincerely,C.J. Gadd.:
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THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTETHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOCHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.Cables[italic in original document]: ORINST CHICAGO1155 EAST FIFTY-EIGHTH STREET [text in small caps in original document]April 11, 1942Professor L. LegrainThe University MuseumUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaDear Professor Legrain:I want to thank you most heartily for your kindness in sending me the index to the volume of plates of your Ur III publication. I enjoyed reading it immensely. One would hardly believe that there could be so much \"fun\" in reading indexes. I discovered quite a number of Hurrian names with unusual grammatical formations. Of course I will not quote them anywhere in my publications without asking you first for permission.I hope you will not mind my few pencil annotations in your manuscript. In general they are unimportant but in some cases they may lead you to a better reading.With renewed thanks for your kindness and with many good wishes,Sincerely yours,[signature, possibly Ignace J. Gelb] I. J. GelbP.S. I am returning your manuscript under separate cover.IJG: HBR:
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THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTETHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOCHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.ORINST CHICAGO1155 EAST FIFTY-EIGHTH STREETMarch 17, 1942Professor Leon LegrainUniversity MuseumUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaDear Professor Legrain:At the present time I am working on several problems pertaining to the Hurrians in the documents of the third dynasty of Ur. I am primarily interested in Hurrian personal names, such as Da-hi-is-a-tal [note that name has diacritical marks which I cannot reproduce] in your Le temps des rois d'Ur, no. 70:5, etc., in names of persons designated as lu SU.AKI or lu SUKI or lu SU [all three of the previous names have diacritical marks I cannot reproduce, and all of the KIs are superscripts], as in I-ab-ra-at lu SUKI[diacritical marks and superscript present in name] in Delaporte, RA VIII (1911) 191, No. 12:2, etc., and in all geographic names from this period. During my stay at Philadelphia in 1936, when I had the pleasure of meeting you, I learned of your plans to publish a collection of three thousand Ur III tablets excavated at Ur. This collection, because of its size and place of origin, seems exceedingly important to me. About two years ago I wrote a monograph on the Hurrians which I plan to publish in the near future. But I find it difficult to discuss certain questions, knowing that your publication may add considerably to our knowledge of some difficult problems. Could you inform me when your publication will appear in print? If it is not to be published until next summer or later, would it be possible for me to make use of your material in any way? Would it be asking too much, if you have already made lists of personal and geographic names in the texts, to lend them to me for perusal? I should of course be very happy to acknowledge your generosity in print.With apologies for bothering you with my problems, and with kindest regards,Yours very sincerely,[illegible signature; may be Ignace J. Gelb]IJG EH1891 [centered dot] THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO [centered dot] FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY [centered dot] 1941:
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the text has to be referred to after all? And, for the professional scholar, (to whom alone the transliterations are of interest) such reference would be ncessary only in a few cases, so that the inconvenience is not great. In short, I think we shall place no burden upon the reader, and considerably less upon the printer and upon ourselves, by leaving out the marks. I should propose that a statement should appear in the preface saying that they have deliberately been omitted, and giving our reasons for doing so. However, if you definitely prefer to use them, we must, of course, use the same system. Does SAKI use Delitzsch's?I am drawing up a list of photographs as I go through the material. We will, of course, have as many as we can - in certain cases we shall need the hand copy as well, though not in all. One detail; the large mace-head with cable-moulding and inscr. of Rimush from season 1922-23 does not figure among the copies I have. Can this be sufficiently done by photograph? I think it could, but, if not, I wonder if you would be kind enough to make a copy of it, or even let me have a squeeze or rubbing so that I could make the copy?As to the order of the texts, I think yours is excellent, and all I propose to do is simply to insert ours in their proper places in your list. Then, at the beginning, I want to devise a table giving such particulars as, excavation number, present location, number in respective museums, dimensions, nature of material, and king's name. This will save giving these details at each individual object. The job, altogether, is getting on, but I have still a good deal to do; nevertheless, I hope to send it back to you in no too long time.We are very glad to hear that Miss McHugh did not find her business at the Museum too irksome, for, as you know, division is a:
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The University Museum Philadelphia August 1, 1925My dear Doctor Legrain:I have read the galley proof of your JOURNAL article on the Expedition to Ur. I want to say that I like it very much and congratulate you on a very vivid and entertaining piece of descriptive writing. The printer has made many mistakes which I have endeavored to correct as I went along. I have also occasionally ventured to make a slight correction in the English idiom and rarely to strike out a word or a phrase which appeared to me superfluous. I call your attention to one or two words by a question mark. I will ask you to be good enough to read the proof carefully before I return it to the printer.Very truly yours GB Gordon Director DR. LEON LEGRAIN:
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The University Museum Philadelphia July 23, 1924Dear Doctor Legrain:Mr. Woolley writes me that he has no help in handling the collections from Ur which he this year. AS the work is a joint one of the two Museums we ought to be prepared and we are prepared to contribute our part of the work. Had I known that help was needed I would have arranged with you before you left here to spend as much time as necessary in the British Museum after your activation. If it is not too late I still hope that you may be able to do so in order to share with Mr. Woolley the work of classifying the objects found. In addition to this I now authorize you to put yourself in communication with Sir Frederic Kenyon, the Driector of the British Museum, and to effect with him the division of last season's finds between the British Museum and this Museum. Each museum is entitled to one half of these finds. Very sincerely yours GB GordonDirector DR. Leon Legrain:
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The University Museum Philadelphia May 5, 1925[?leaky?]Dear Doctor Legrain: I am writing this on the assumption that you are now resting at your home in France and taking a vacation after your winter in Mesopotamia. I have just received a letter from Mr. R. Haase successor to Mr. Bing, 10 rue St. Georges, Paris in which he mentioned two Sumerian sculptures, a head and a statue which he has recently acquired. If you have an oppportunity I will be very much obliged to you if you will call on Mr. Haase and see these sculptures for me and write me what you think of them. [?undecipherable handwritten text?] Hoping that you are very well and with my best regards, I remain very sincerely yours,DirectorDr. L. Legrain [?handwritten address in Paris?]:
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The University Museum PhiladelphiaMay 5, 1925Dear Doctor Legrain: I am writing writing this on the assumption that you are now resting at your home in France and taking a vacation after your winter in Mesopotamia. I have just received a letter from Mr. R. Haase successor to Mr. Bing, 10 rue St. Georges, Paris, in which he mentions two Sumerian sculptures, a head and a statue which he has recently acquired. If you have an opportunity I will be very much obliged to you if you will call on Mr. Hasse and see these sculptues for me and write me what you think of them. I understand that the statuette recently acquired by the Louvre and one acquired by the British Museum were all found together at Tello. Hoping that you are very well and with my best regards, I remainVery sincerely yours[?signature?]Director Dr. L. Legrain:
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THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM PHILADELPHIASept. 12th. 25Dear Dr. Gordon.All the objects discovered at Ur of the Chaldees, by the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the University Museum, during the third campaign _1924-1925_ have been registered in a card catalogue, including the following nos : U.2501 to U.3356. (and perhaps a few more).The photographs taken during the same campaign are kept in a separate catalogue, including the following nos : 301 to 476.Yours sincerly.L. LegrainBoth catalogues are in the possession of Mr C. L. Woolley.:
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The University Museum University of Pennsylvania 23rd & Spruce Streets, Philadelphia March 1st 47The publication of the Ur Excavations Texts, Volume III, interrupted by the war has been desired by the Trustees of the British Museum to be resumed. This volume has two parts: Part one \"the Plates\" is already in print since 1937. Part two. Translations and Indexes has been kept in manuscript at the British Museum since 1938. During the war, a revised copy of the Translations was established by Dr. Legrain in Philadelphia-In Aug. 1946, this copy was sent to London at the request of Mr Gadd in order to meet the wish of the Trustees LL:
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The University Museum, Philadelphia April 3, 1925My dear Doctor Legrain:I have just received Woolley's letter dated March 9th written on the train between Ur and Baghdad which shows that you all on your way to Europe. I should also have acknowledged your own letters which I read with so much interest, but I am reminded now that you will probably be looking for some indication from us with regard to your work for the summer. There are, of course, several considerations. The finest consideration is the requirements of the Ur Expedition and the care and study of the collections brought to London. This is, of course, of prime importance and it would be our wish that you should remain with Woolley to work over these collections with him is he so desires. Will you, therefore, take the question up with him and let me know what agreement you come to? The second consideration is that of your vacation. These six weeks to which you are entitled may, of course, be spent by you wherever you please and at such time as may be most convenient for you and for the interest of your work. The third consideration is the plan for the next campaign at Ur. I have not yet learned what Woolley's thoughts may be about an assistant for next year. So far as we are concerned we would be prepared to have you spend the next season in the field. The fourth consideration concerns the collections in the Museum. It might be well for you to spend two or three here before going out again in case you are to be a member of the next expedition. The reports have been very interesting and I want to congratulate all of you on the work of the Expedition.With my best regards.Very sincerely yours,[?Gordon's signature?] DirectorDr. L. Legrain:
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THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUMINTERDEPARTMENT CORRESPONDENCETO: [handwritten] Dr Legrain DATE: 2/25/30Yesterday I sent you a catalogue from the British Museum of Ur Collection. The numbers ran from 9501 to 13108 with the exception of 11232 to 11399 inclusive 117001177612401124421306813069I shall acknowledge the receipt of this catalogue to the Director of the British Museum. Are we not still awaiting the arrival of the photographs of the last expedition 1928-1929;? If so I shall mention the fact to Kenyon. From: Jane Mc Hugh Reply wantedIf a reply is called for kindly use reverse of this sheet:
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THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUMPHILADELPHIACopy September 16, 1924My dear Kenyon:I enclose a copy of a letter to Woolley which I think will explain itself. I presume that by the time this reaches you Woolley will be completing his preparations for leaving London.The collections obtained last year including the parts pertaining to Baghdad are at present in the care of the British Museum. I have had no report or statement whatever about the progress that has been made in making reproductions of those objects which are to be returned to Baghdad. I would suggest that the copies for this Museum be allowed to remain with the collections, to be shipped at the same time as our portion of the finds. The cost f making these reproductions is to be charged to the account of this Museum and not to the expedition account.I will write you later with reference to the proposed exhibition and the shipment of our things.Very sincerely yoursDirectorSIR FREDERIC KENYON, DirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUMPHILADELPHIAI have very grave doubts which amount to a conviction about the wisdom of having any volunteer assistants on the expedition.With every good wish and with entire confidence that I can as usual count upon your excellent judgement.I remain always very SincerelyGB Gordon:
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THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUMPHILADELPHIAJuly 8th 1926Dear Woolley--This is personal and confidential.In your letters of Nov. 30th last; written from Ur, you mentioned the name of Mrs. Keeling as having been a [?visitor?] to the camp of the Expedition at Ur the year before and as having returned as a volunteer assistant. As you have not had reason to mention Mrs Keeling again and as Dr.Legrain has not mentioned her presence in camp, it is unlikely that the subject should have [?recurred?] to me had it not begun to give rise to some slight inconsequential comment on the part of people entirely outside of the archaeological interests,with whom we are acquainted and outside our acquaintance.The work of the expedition at Ur and everyone connected with it are subjects of interest and discussion from Baghdad to Philadelphia. Tourists and others returning:
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THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUMPHILADELPHIAPhiladelphia, Sept. 10. 1924.Dear Doctor Gordon,In your letter of June 12th. 1924 you suggested that while Mr. Woolley was unpacking the Ur collections in the British Museum and would need some help in classifying them, it would be a good plan for me to arrange with the British Museum to put in a while working on these collections. And also that it would be in order then to make a division between the British Museum and this Museum.Accordingly I called on the 1st of July on Mr. Woolley and was introduced by him to Mr. H. Hall, head of the department, and to Mr. Sidney Smith, his assistant. Mr. Gadd, the second assistant, the cuneiform expert of the last Ur Campaign was on his vacation.The collections were scattered in five or six different locals of the British Museum, partly unpacked, partly under repair, partly in the show cases of a temporary exhibition that [word was inserted above text] to open the following week in the lower room (Balawat bronze gates) of the Assyrian section.The unpacked portion included: bronze boss relief bulls, mosaic flowers, bricks, tablets, pottery, two visible not exhibited door sockets.The portion under repairâa) Great Russel Square work shope[phrase underlined] The copper and bronze material was under careful chemical treatment and reconstruction at the hands of three experts. Delicate and oxydized fragments of the bull's head and body, and of the copper covered columns were bathing[arrow hand-drawn to indicate following words should be inserted after \"bronze material\" above] and also drums of the mosaic columns,:
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THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUMUNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIAPHILADELPHIAREPRESENTATIVE TOMB GROUP FROM UR30-12-721 a,b Pair of lunate gold earrings30-12-551 Six pieces of gold ribbon30-12-747 Lapis and gold dog collar35-1-75 String of lapis and carnelian beads30-12-665 String of lapis, gold, and carnelian beads31-17-73 Silver pin with lapis head, gold capped31-17-280 b,c Two silver coil hairringsCBS 17190 Two shells enclosing green paint______________________________________________________________Presented to Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, Brussels. See Board Minutes May 19, 1935. Sent by registered parcel post Sept. 27, 1935; see letter JMMcHugh, Sept. 28th (filed under M. Jean [?Capart?]):
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the worship.
Type full faced, between 3 curved locks over a large planted beard, is classical post Sargon!:
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them photographed. But please let me have a photo of the best of your examples, in case I don't find them here.As to Kurigalzu, brick of E-dub-lal-mah, please do as you suggest, and photo. Peters' example we actually have some pieces of it here got by Taylor (!) but they are all imperfect.As to Warad-Sin brick, Mus. Journ. Dec. 1925, p.303. Smith made a copy of this in 1922-3 and so I have already included it. If you like to send a print of the photo we could put that in.Cyrus must do as best he can. For some obscure reason we haven't got a copy of the brick here. But do tell me, from the original, whether the last line really ismata ([symbol]) Å¡u-ub-ti ni-ih-ti u-Å¡e-Å¡ib ([symbol])the fact is, I have only had the photo. in Mus. Journ. Dec. 1925, 306. to go upon, since Smith's copy was only of a fragment of the brick. However, you can look:
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then (the most primitive walls yet found, I believe, in Mesopotamia) must go back to a very remote antiqiuty. But such was the sanctity attaching to the temple that each royal builderwho in turn followed religiously the groundplan of the older [?work?]: when destroying to re-build he would leave in place one corner, or two corners, of his predecessor's brickwork so as to serve as a guide to his own workmen, and so though its walls were at different dates due to Ur Engur, to Bursin C. 2225, (Gimil Ilishu, [? 2070?]) Kurigalzu C. 1600 etc.Yet the form of the building never altered. The first king to make any radical change was Nebuchadnezzar who about 600 BC [?] quite recast its plan. He repaved but did not therein alter the venerable five-chambered sanctuary except that he built out from it two projecting wings. But he destroyed the msjority of all the service chambers in part of it, levelling their ruins and laying down over them a wide courtyard paved with brick. This was appears to have been the public court. Between the new wings of the central building was a smaller court, at a higher level, whereon [?] stands an altar of brick once overlaid with metal, and immediately behind this, visible to the crowd in the lower court through the open doors, this is the sanctuary door and facing it, against the back wall, we found the remains of the pedestal, whereon stood the [?] image. Obviously there was here a change of ritual Nebuchadnezzar's remodelling of the temple was to correspond with a change of ritual whereby the public took part in a worship service hitherto confined to conducted by the priests in secret. & this The upper court is that of the priests, the lower is for the people who would see, behind the altar and its ministrant the great gilded statue half veiled in the darkness of the shrine - it is tempting to connect this [?] with the Old Testament story:
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Then, have you been able to do anything with the new fragment [U.18526]? I had supposed that it belonged to [following circled in red pencil]the reverse, register 3, right-hand [red pencil ends] end: now it occurs to me it might belong to the [red pencil underline] obverse, register 3, left-hand [red pencil ends] end (near) & I even wonder whether the broken end[two words underlined in red pencil] of the plinth[underlined in red pencil] at the left-hand[underlined in red pencil] end of this fragment does not fit onto that below the [red pencil underlining] feet of the seated Nin-gal[red pencil ends] in register 2. I now [??can't read the word, might be take?] the head of the god on the right [underlined in red pencil], in part of Ur-Nammu carrying the tools, to be a seated[underlined by Woolley] figure of Nammar, & Nin-gal might balance him[underlined in red pencil] on the left[underlined in red pencil], both deities & the King facing left while the bending figure is that [underlined in red pencil] of a workman [underlined in red pencil] who has come up the ladder[underlined in red pencil] & throws off his load of [??wishes?] to the gods! [underlined in red pencil] The little figure with a fly-[??can't read the word?][previous 4 words underlined with red pencil] (part of the left hand end of the register in the restoration) can then come in front of:
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These are all got out now, and I propose that they should be sent to you along with the whole of the objects assigned to you in this year's division. We have heard from Woolley that Andral paid a visit to Ur and, as it were, smote upon his breast for having controverted what Woolley had said; so we must hope that will be over for the future. I fear they will find a horrid mess at Babylon. We must wish them and the Baghdad Museum joy of their labours! Hall and Smith thank you, and so do I very heartily, for your good wishes, which we all return. May we meet again before long!Yours very sincerely,C.J. Gadd.:
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they do promise a good recovery and betterhealth. Of course she has had to lie up and rest most of the time,but she is also busy making a model of a Sumerian woman's head, basedon an actual skull, which will be dressed up with all the regalia ofQueen Shubad and will make a splendid show.Now for the other news. I have been asked, and have agreed, to come over to the States next spring and give lectures on theresults of the Joint Expedition. This will give me an opportunity, which I've long desired, of getting to Philadelphia, and I havearranged with the lecture agency that apart from any programmethey may make up for me I shall, as a person attached:
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Things go well, and I shall have a good report for you at the end of the month; without breaking any records, we have got some good objects as well as scientific results of great interest, and some things which are excellent for publicity.This is in haste to catch the overland mail.Best regards for the season to yourself and to Miss MacHugh,Yours sincerely,C Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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think of it. We all do enjoy it so much. And the selection is first class, whoever is responsible for it. The arab tunes are great favorite among the natives, and we feel very much like natives at that- I read half of the books, and take a silent pride in American generosity.I come to your question about Chiera- of course he is a bit bluffing - the fine Italian hand as old Jastrow his master would put it. Last week Miss G. Bell was here on a visit. She took me in her car to Abu Sharein, and two days later on to Warka. I won't insist on the delights of the trip sailing up the big rivers and camal a whole day- but I had the opportunity to ask indirect question - Dr. Ch. has the right of publication of the tablets he excavated at kirkuk! But half of them are property of the Iraq Government and must be returned to the Baghdad Museum after publication. Miss G.B. was going to write to him on the subject. So far he is subject to the common law- I invested some money on the dig and the Iraq Government gave him a sum of money.In case of any big dig in places like Warka or Senkereh, the concessions would never be intrusted to a single man, but to a single:
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This agrees with account received from Sir F.K. July 1928JOINT EXPEDITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUMAND OF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIATO MESOPOTAMIASTATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR 1927-8DEBIT. By Grant from the British Museum £2,500. 0. 0. By Grant from the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania 2,500. 0. 0 1926-27 balance £251- 8 -11 October 4, 1927 1250- 0 - 0 December 12, 1927 998-11 - 1 ___________ £2500- 0 - 0 By special contribution to the Joint Fund per C.L.W 22. 10. 0 By sale of reports in Iraq 59. 14. 0 ____________ 5,081. 14. 0 5,081. 14. 0CREDIT. By account rendered for period July 1-Oct. 31 1,135. 14. 10. By account rendered for November less overcalculation in con- version -/1/5 628. 15. 8. By account rendered for December plus undercalculation in con- version -/15/5 515. 16. 0 By account rendered for January 546. 1. 2. By account rendered for period Feb. 1-May 31 1,895. 19. 11. By account rendered for June 354. 2. 3. By balance in hand 5. 4. 2. ______________ 5,081. 14. 0. 5,081 14. 0. ______________:
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three boxes, marked BMA, BMB, BMC, containing not 26 bricks as you say, but 42. These were the bricks indicated to me by Woolley. If you only want 26 for your builders, the remaining 16 will no doubt be retained by you either for the Phila Museum or for other gifts, as we do not want any of them here: we have examples of them already.I was very glad to meet Miss McHugh and arrange the division with her, with the assistance of my helpers [?Smith?] and Gadd, who carried out the work in conjunction with her very efficiently and I think with satisfaction to both sides.Yours sincerelyH. R. Hall:
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Throughout January the Joint Expedition has been busy with two sites of very different character, the cemetery and the great Temple of Nannar.[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"The great stone tomb\" opens here and extends to include all the text on this page] Starting on a fresh section of the graveyard we obtained from the outset a piece of interesting information. Below the mud-brick Temenos Wall of Nebuchadnezzar, which we had to cut away, there lay private houses of the little-known Kassite period (c. 1700-1200 B.C.). proving that Nebuchadnezzar did not simply follow tradition but enlarged the Sacred Area of the city, probably so as to include new temples of his own founding. These buildings, and the brick tombs which lay beneath their floors, had disturbed the upper levels of the older cemetery, but in spite of this the ordinary graves of the Sargonid age (c. 2700 B.C.) produced, as we dug deeper, their accustomed harvest of gold and silver ornaments, stone vases and copper weapons, and those of the First Dynasty of Ur, five hundred years older and lying lower down in the soil, were not less rich. Much more important was a royal tomb which underlay the rest. It was a single building measuring forty two feet by twenty six built throughout of unhewn limestone; it contained four chambers, two small central rooms roofed with ring-domes and two long flanking rooms with corbel vaults, all communicating with each other by arched doorways: inside the roughness of the walls was disguised by a smooth cement plaster, and the same plaster was used for the floors. The tomb is indeed an underground house, and the fact of its being such throws new light on the beliefs of the oldest Sumerians and should explain why the dead king was accompanied by such a crowd of courtiers and domestics, - his:
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Throughout January the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has been engaged on the site of Ur, the excavations at Tell el Obeid having been brought to an end at the end of the past year. We have therefor been dealing with ruins of a considerably later date than the most prehistoric temple of which I spoke in my last report, and further we have not found, - indeed did not expect to find, anything like the mass of decorative art objects which made our last two months' digging so sensational.None the less, we have done very well in small antiquities, and for the history of ancient architecture our discoveries have been of the greatest importance.From a cemetery in the outskirts of the town, a quarter which seems to have had a particularly close connection with a temple of Ishtar and to have been named after that goddess, we have a fine collection of terra cotta reliefs and figurines, cylinder seals, pottery and beads in gold, carnelian, lapis lazuli and glazed faience; all these date from the time of the Third Dynasty of Ur, about 2300 to 2000 B.C. The terra cottas are peculiarly important for the new light they throw on the manner of representation of the Sumerian deities; many are of types not hitherto recorded, others carry back known types to an unsuspectedly early date, and the careful study of them ought to add a great deal to our knowledge of Babylonian religion. From our main excavation at Ur the principal objects are stone door-sockets with inscriptions of Ur-Engur (c.2350 B.C.), and Kuri-Galzu (c. 1600 B.C.), clay cones with inscriptions recording the building operations of Arad-Sin(c.2160 B.C.) and of Sinbalatsu-ikbi, (c. 750 B.C.), fragments of a large cylinder describing Nabonidus' restoration of the great Ziggurat (c.550 B.C.), and a tantalising fragment sculpture in basalt, part of a man's face in the very best Sumerian style of about 2000 B.C.Our work has been divided between the clearing of the staged tower or ziggurat, a very heavy task which is yet far from completion, and the excavation, so far as this was possible this season, of a large building lying below the tower. This consists of a paved courtyard over ninety yards long by sixty wide|surrounded by very thick walls containing intramural chambers. The buttressed walls were of mud brick covered with a heavy mud plaster and whitewashed, the whitewash still wonderfully preserved. The feature of the court which gave it its special importance was that one of the sides was decorated from end to end with brick half-columns attached to the wall face; they were big shafts a yard across, and down the middle of each ran a T-shaped groove breaking the monotony of the curve. In front of this was a low sleeper wall on the top of which were shallow circular depressions, the sockets for wooden columns standing free; in short, one side of the court was a colonnade such as we are accustomed to see in Greek or Roman architecture, but absolutely without precedent in Babylonia, where it was supposed that columns were never employed until after the Persian conquest of the country in the sixth century B.C. But this building at Ur was put up, in its present form, by Kuri-Galzu, a thousand years before the Persians came; and when it was restored by the Assyrian governor who in the eighth century ruled Ur in the name of Ashur-bani-pal, (this is the builder mentioned above who rejoiced in the name Sinbalatsu-ikbi), the decoration by attached half-columns was retained. For the history of architecture this discovery is of the first importance more important than anything It is long since a discovery was made affecting so radically our ideas of architectural history:
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ting material for the graves. In the part of the cemetery which we are now excavating the stratification of the graves is clearer than last year, thanks to the accidents of terrain which have lessened the process of denudation, and though there has been a good deal of plundering of graves in antiquity we are able to substantiate satisfactorily the sequence which we worked out last season and to illustrate yet more richly the products of each period.C. Leonard Woolley.:
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TO - 315 = 15187 shell band - v316 = 15821 'Limestone Cut - piece Head376 = 15819 ShellBritish MuseumW.C.1.May 31, 26Dear GordonCould you have two photos taken of the copper [?bull?] in the [?round?] from Tell el Obeid which you have--one front and one back view, & also a group of the small inlay fragments TO. 316, 306, 376, 315, & send to me? the volume on Obeid is virtually ready to go to the printers but--these are lacking to [?in?] the illustrations. Yours of May 19th just to hand: I'll certainly send something to L'Illustration.Yours sincerelyC. Leonard Woolley.:
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to be from Ur, then they are what I mean & I should be obliged if you could send them along too. My sketches are from memory only but will serve to identify the drawings.Yours sincerelyC. Leonard WoolleyI am hoping to hear soon that you are coming over here.:
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to bother with the practical side of the work.2°) Smith asked me when our museum wants the present exhibition here to stop and the packing to begin. (Personnaly he wants the breaking and packing now- while the other party would enjoy protracted delay)I answered that I had no instruction on the point and that this ought to be reserved to the heads of both Museums. So far for the principle. Practically I insinuated that the question was raised for the first time, and that in previous year[s?] I thought that the exhibition stopped about this time. If they want to keep on it is up to them to say so.Meantime Wolley and wife arrived - Friday - and the question was agitated in their presence. S. arguing that the break up, ought to take place now and W. was bound to admit it as reasonable.3°) I suggested also - unofficially - that I thought that our Museum would want the main objects for exhibition purpose, wether they were in our share:
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to have these tablets sent here for his use, if it may be, as soon as possible, so that his work may not be unduly delayed. Also, I think you might include the \"3 trays\" of Isin-Larsa[??check spelling] tablets and fragments. We have a good deal of this material here, and it seems as well that we should have it all. But the neo-Babylonian are the more urgent.I hope this may reach you in time to wish you a happy Christmas; at least, it will greet you for the New Year.Yours sincerely,C.J.Gadd.[underscored]:
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to hawk them about, or to have them on my own hands. Of course, selling to another Museum, I should normally ask a higher price than to you; but in this case I really need to recover the money, as it's a big sum, so shouldn't bother about that.I have another letter of yours of Sept. 5 which I'll answer separately.YrsC. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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to learn of these rumors. But I assured her, as I knew you'd wish me to do, that your letter (which of course she has not seen) was written by you in her interest entirely & that apart from her interest you would not have paid any attention to such tales.:
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to learn of these rumours. But I assured her, as I knew you'd wish me to do, that your letter (which of course she has not seen) was written by you in her interest entirely & that apart from her interest you would not have paid any attention to such tales.:
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To Metropolitan Museum - Jan.12,1933Tomb Group I (789-B)CBS 16983 Necklace of lapis and gold conoid beads, L. 67 cm.CBS 16984 Necklace of lapis ovoid and conoid beads, L. 52cm.CBS 16985 Diadem of 2 strings of carnelian and lapis beads and 14 gold leaves; L. 38.5 cm.CBS 16986 34 pieces of gold ribbonCBS 16987 2 three-coil silver rings.Tomb group II (P>G> 1237) Body 5930-12-668 Silver pin with lapis bead; L. 19.5 cm.30-12-669 Lunate gold earing: Diam. 7 cm.30-12-670 Lunate gold earing; Diam. 7 cm.30-12-671 Necklace of gold and lapis triangles; L. 22.5 cm.30-12-672 Necklace; 4-strand, of lapis and gold conoid beads. each string about 52 cm. long30-12-673 String of small lapis, gold and carnelian beads: L. 18 cm.30-12-674 String of small lapis, gold and carnelian beads; L. 17 cm.:
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to say but it will be long before I can read & write. I do hope that you are getting on well & keeping your circle of friends interested in the work which you have done in so many fields. It must be a comfort to you to enlarge the outlook of others especially the young especially when you yourself have lost so (many?). I don't suppose that I shall have another chance of coming to U.S.A. but even all this distance would like you to know you are not forgotten by one whom you helped so much in the past. So with best:
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to talk over the manuscript of your Ur III index with you, and therefore I hope that you may be able so to arrange as to be able to pay your visit here, or a part of it, after the 25th.With every good wish for the coming weeks.Yours sincerely,C. J. Gadd. [underscored]:
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to the dig and cursed apart me all the cuneiform signs of the world. There are over 700 of them. I have copied all the historical inscriptions and arranged them in chronological order on separate leaves. My copies are ready for publication. I have translated them in the same order on another series of leaves and I keep adding new drawings and new translations every day as the dig provides new material- The two books form a useful and really necessary instrument for further researches- Woolley does appreciate it and begins to be anxious for publication. II The more so because the Baghdad museum has begun selling his duplicates to make money. Among them are original pieces. and it seems very silly to spend so much money on the dig , to let afterwards any dealer or amateur get your best pieces before you have time to publish them- I think that Woolley begins to feel the pinch and has been writing official notes on the subject to Miss Bell and to the two museums. IIHe asked me to stop in London in April to discuss the points with Smith and Gadd. In any case I feel I have done my best and will await further developments.When you will receive this letter we will be near the end- Money is more abundant this:
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to the English.As you know, Wooley[sic] and his staff have repeatedly rubbed it in that the dollars were partly American at Ur, but that the brains and initiative were British. And this in the face of the fact the[sic] Jayne tried to get them to take an American. When the Ur dig became front-page news, & money easy to get, they tried to drop the American subscribers but Jayne sunk his teeth in. They ignored Jayne's request to have the donors mentioned by name in the publication and showed a general tendency to belittle our part.By all this I merely mean that unless the British leader is a friend of yours it is almost essential to have your own man on the spot.However, I have an evil mind!Always yrs,Langden WarnerP.S. Don't bother to acknowledge this.:
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to the intentions of the Carnegie Corporation. But this need hardly be discussed until it becomes a matter of practical politics. (3) There remains the matter of Sir Leonard Woolley's salary during the completion of the publication. You have paid your contribution up to the end of June just elapsed. At the longest, his engagement for this purpose will last for another two years. My Trustees are prepared to pay their share ([pound symbol] 550 per annum) for this period. We should be very glad to know whether your Board contemplates continuing its contribution at the rate of [pound symbol] 500 per annum for not more than two years. If the answer is yes, we may count on the whole of Sir Leonard's time, or at any rate on so much as is required to keep the work of production steadily going (for, is sales are slow, it may be necessary to wait for cash to accumulate before going on to further volumes). His work is so far advanced, he tells me, that so far as that is concerned he is long way ahead of schedule, so that, if all goes well, we may see the completion of his publication before the estimated date. Yours sincerely, George Hill (Signature) Dr. H.H.F. Jayne, University Museum of Pennsylvania.:
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to the Museum, give at least three lectures to the University. I can't suggest dates atpresent but will do so as soon as possible:I hope to get across about March 14th, soit will be some time after that. I havetold the agency to communicate with youin order to save time, but I wished youto know about it from me first! and Ihope that you will to welcome the arrangement. Of course it saves the Museum & theexpedition any expense such as would havebeen incurred had I come over specially, &I think that the result ought to be justthe same.I'll write again soon but must catchthis mail. With my best regardsYours sincerelyC L Woolley:
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to wait until the official publication has appeared. This will be very shortly, as the prefatory matter has already gone to the printers. After a text has been published, we place no restrictions on its use on grounds of copyright; but I think our scholars who have been working on them should at least have the privilege of first publication.Yours sincerely(Signed) F.G.Kenyon:
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to you, but I am not sure whether they will do the same in respect of insurance, the details of which we have still to arrange. They say the boxes should reach you on Feb. 14th.:
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Top of relief Hum. Fig. hold_g objct in outstrech_d hand. :
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towards the end of the second season, he intimated that his money was running short, I thought you would agree that it was better to try to send him more. It had to be arranged by cable, so there was no time for full explanations; but the responsibility for the action taken was mine, and I have told him that I do not think he has anything to apologise for.As to next season, I have now got £1500 sure, and may get a little more. I understand that you wish your contribution to be the same as ours, but are prepared to find £2125 if we do the same. May I therefore let it stand at this for the moment; that you will provide a minimum of £1500, but will meet any further sum that I can find with an equal amount, up to a maximum of £2125?Your suggestion that the entire exhibition should be sent to Philadelphia is a new one, and if it can be arranged it will put you on an equality with us both with regard to exhibitions and to first-hand lectures (through Legrain). I understand you are going to write more fully about it, so will not say more now.In accordance with your suggestion, we will in future charge you with half the estimated cost of repairing the objects which are to go to Baghdad; and as we have not hitherto reckoned this as part of our contribution, we can add the amount received from you (whatever it may be) to the funds available for excavation. Hitherto, in view of your larger contributions in money, I have thought we might make these small contributions of work without reckoning them in the account.Yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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TRAVELLING EXPENSES, L. LEGRAIN, FROM UR JUNCTION TO PHILADELPHIA Rp. Fr. £ $ Baghdad Telegram, Carriage . . . . . . 5 Passport . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Hotel and Carriage . . . . . . 6 Lunch . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Nairn transport to Beyrouth . . . . . . 30- 0-0 Luggage . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10-0 Passport tax . . . . . . . . . 8 Carriage . . . . . . . . . . . 6Tripoli Hotel . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Beyrouth Hotel . . . . . . . . . . . . 27S.S. P. Loti to Marseilles . . . . . . 31- 0-0 Embarking . . . . . . . . . . 25 Tip on Board . . . . . . . . . 125Marseilles Cab, Luggage, Hotel . . . . 95Ticket to London . . . . . . . . . . . 675 Cab, Luggage . . . . . . . . . 70Paris Taxi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Hotel Modern . . . . . . . . . 170Calais train Reservation and Lunch . . 50Dover - London Reservation and Tea . . 3-6London Cab, Porter . . . . . . . . . . 5-0 Thackeray Hotel . . . . . . . . 12- 7-3 Porter, Taxi to Victoria Sta . 5-0To Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12-6 Taxi, Luggage . . . . . . . . . 11 Hotel Modern . . . . . . . . . 407To New York First class passage S.S. France 225.00 Tips on board and landing and luggage. . . . . . . . . . . 200 Taxi in New York . . . . . . . 3.50To Philadelphia Train and luggage . . . . . . . 6.50 Taxi and luggage . . . . . . . 2.80 [subtotal] 65 1873 83- 3-3 237.80Baghdad L/C received from Mr. Woolley 80- 0-0 [total] 65 1873 3- 3-3 237.80At Rp. 2.72 to $1.00, 65 Rp. equals 23.90At Fr. 30 to $1.00, 1873 Fr. equals 62.40At 1£ equal to $4.86, £3-3-3 equals 15.35 Total amount due Dr. Legrain . . . . . . . . . $339.45:
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Trench Cut below level of lowest tombs about 5m below surf.
Head of Fig. Dark clay Hand model_d snowmman techn:
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try to arrange that I should repeat the lectures in some places outside Philadelphia, so that I could make some money out of the tour as well as give publicity to the work of the expedition!I have suggested to Miss Bell that as the Baghdad share of the finds will inevitably include delicate metal objects which they cannot possibly keep unless they first undertake the relatively heavy cost of giving them expert repais and preservative treatment (which cannot be done in this country, and for which they have no funds available) they might, after the division, sell a part of their share to cover such cost, giving the right of pre-emption to the two museums financing the expedition. I fancy that this will be done, and though there is no hurry in the matter, it is a thing that you might well bear in mind. Probably the objects offered would be duplicates of others in your share; but in the case, e.g., of bro copper bull reliefs, forming a continuous frieze, it would be far more effective to exhibit five rather than three, and so on.It's raining hard. Luckily my mud roof has hitherto held out gallantly against everything. Touch wood!Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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TTB. 17. top lev.
Horse & rider
Head of man, 1 leg of horse miss_g:
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tumbler out of which flow 2 streams of water- The right hand pressed on breast.
Flounced kaunakes robe- thers- bare arms.
4p. horn mitre-round top knob.
Hair parted, tied w a band- Long braids hanging on shoulders behind lunate earrings.
Double bracelets- Necklace.
Spotted bird, marked w. round circles (peacock?) Spread tail.
Back of chair decorated w. 2 crescent and round circles.
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Twin-(gods? like the talim Nergal & Meslemla.e)-They carry a crooked stick or scimilar over the left shoulder; and a bucket in their right hanging hand-
Short dress. to the knees-
Long beard, and locks-Cap like a
feather crown-
Moulded-with 2 feet support to set it up.
Idem.
18247:33:
35-14:
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Two Fem. fog. facing e.o. with
2 birds on poles & tripod (?) between them.
C. relief..Fr_t Back of a chair:
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Two fig. one larger, hold_g a vase
Both stand upon breasts:
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Two fig. seat_d on model_d seat clothed- but one sh. of each bare extend_g each an arm t. the other.
Drab. Mould_d.:
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Two frag_ts of a moulded plaque. :
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two large scimitars of curved
clubs, ending in relief heads:
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Two seat_d godd_ss or women one large hold_g pot to her breast Long garm_t pleat_d Flounc_d. Barehead_d smaller similar
A-complete-worn
B...:
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Type VIII. 5
TC. fig. miss_g below waist.
Deity Full face, wear_g h. horn_d headd. long point_d beard. Flowing down upon sh. & curling on them.
hands clasp_d over waist & support a mace? or baton? against
earh sh.:
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Type. III c. cc. TC. relief. Nude Fem.. hands supporting breasts. A. complete:
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U.6807[U.6807][This is a nifty little sketch of the cylinder seal mentioned in item PA-CU-BO7-F004-080b-1934.jpg]:
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unbak_d clay.
clay Fig. crudely h_model_d - No heads flat wing-like arms, flat bases:
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UNIVERSITY INTRAMURAL CORRESPONDENCE1-22-47Miss Shahadaâ
Mrs. William S. Godfrey,Acting Director, University Museum.Dear Miss Shahada:Thank you for the letter of January 14, 1947, directed to Mrs. Godfrey, which I received this morning. I have signed the original and one copy, which are enclosed, to be handed to Mrs. Godfrey.May I ask you to make a small addition to the original and the copy, which are in your hands, of my letter to Mrs. Godfrey on the subject of Expenses of Publishing Vol. III of the Ur Excavations? At the end of the next but last sentence in the first full paragraph on page 2, ending with the phrase \"mention of the matter.\", insert an asterisk. At the bottom of the page, insert an asterisk, followed by the following language: \"The Comptroller's office reports that the payment, amounting to $228.09, was made in January, 1941, $180 thereof having been charged to the Walter E. Hering Fund and $48.09 thereof having been charged to Museum Maintenance.\"I have appreciated your help very much.Very truly yours,Howard A. Reid.:
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University Museum Report on the 1925-1926 Campaign at Ur June 8th 1926Dear Dr. GordonOn my way back from Ur Philadelphia, I left Bagdad on March 22nd. Work had stopped at Ur on the 13th and the packing of 46 antiquities cases on the 19th. I went alone with a large convoy of the Nairn County over Palmyra, Tripoli, and Beyrout- Mr. Woolley was delivering a lecture on the 26th on this year campaign and planned to visit Kerkuk and Aleppo- the two assistants Mrs. Whitburn and Mallowan were advised to travel their own way to Aleppo. From Beyrouth the S.S. \"Pierre Loti\" brought me to Marseille on April 1st, a three weeks trip enabled me to visit North Africa from Algiers to Tunis. I arrived in London on April 26th and left on May 9th- I was very well received by Sir Fr. Kenyon, Dr. Hall, Mrs. S. Smith and Gadd. We talked over the plan of publication of the Ur Excavation. Vol. I on Tell El Obeid is almost ready- Vol. II. will describe the Ziggurat of Ur. The first volume of Cuneiform Texts from Ur will include all the Building Inscriptions. In a free discussion between Smith, Gadd, and myself, we agreed about 5 points, which were drafted and handed over to Dr. Hall for further use: a)- The number of texts collected during the four campaigns at Ur is sufficient to make a volume of \"Building Inscriptions\". b)- This will be a join Volume by Smith, Gadd, and Legrain c)- Transliteration, transcription and minimum notes will accompany the reproduction of the cuneiform Texts. d)- Photographs of the most important Texts will be added to handcopies[Page 1]:
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIAOFFICE OF THE DEAN OF THE GRADUATE DIVISIONBERKELEY8th April, 193531-16.34831-16.351Dr. L. LegrainUniversity MuseumUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaDear Dr. Legrain: Thank you very much for your kind letter of the 29th March. I am delighted to learn that you have shipped me some specimens from the excavations of Ur and vicinity. I hope that the fragment of the brick which you sent will be big enough for my purposes. I judge that the cement brick is complete. You know, of course, that I am most deeply indebted to you for generous cooperation. I am sending herewith a check for $ 1.00 made out to your order for the charge for packing. The expressage on the shipment will, of course, be paid at this end. If it is possible for you to send me still further specimens, especially of whole bricks, I would be even more deeply indebted to you for doing so.While I am writing may I trouble you still further to inquire how long the specimens which you have sent me have been resting in your museum ? While the shipment of the bricks has not yet arrived, I am looking forward to its appearance every day.With kindest regards and best wishes, believe meFaithfully yours,CHAS. B. LIPMANDean of the Graduate DivisionCEL: FM:
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UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIADR. TOTHE BRITISH MUSEUMfor amounts paid in London on behalf of the University of Pennsylvania for electrotypes and casts and packing and despatch of objects from London to Philadelphia - charges not arising out of Mr. Woolley's operations, 1928/9. Total Chargeable to Pennsylvania.Wm.Comyns & Sons: 2 electrotypes of 20.0.0 5. 0.0.Rein rings: 1/2 cost of matrix to Philadelphia (O. No. 4227)Wm Comyns & Sons: 4 items (ovalvessel, with spout, strainer, ovalbowl, feeding bowl) (O. No. 4227) 38.0.0 24. 4. 0.Victoria and Albert Museum: Casts 10.10.0 5. 5. 0.of various objects (O.No. 10) H.T.Seally. Visit to Southamptonin charge of consignment(O.No. 3597) 1.18.7 1.18.7.Henry Glave Ltd. Wadding for pack-ing (O.No. 3892) 1.15.6 1.15.6F.G.Kettle.Boxes (O.No. 3583) 1.15.6 1.15.6 --------- £41. 6. 1. ---------- ---------- 44-6-1:
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UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIAPhiladelphiaNovember 16, 1931Dear Mr. Jayne:I hand you the letter which was received by me today from President Keppel, the contents of which I read to you.Yours faithfully,s/ Thomas S. GatesPRESIDENT:
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UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD8 May, 1934C.L. Woolley, Esq.,12 Royal Avenue, London, S. W.3.Dear Woolley,Here is a supplementary account which I hope you will add to the account already before you.Are you going to write me a check out soon? I have Milne of Banbury also knocking on my door.(Signed) John JohnsonEncl.:
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Uplands Bathwick Hill BathJuly 26. 26Dear LegrainI safely received your cheque, for which many thanks. Being awfully busy I delayed acknowledging it until I could get down to Bath & find your handkerchiefs to go with the letter. I thought that we had each ordered half-a-dozen, but you speak of a dozen: in the package I find only eleven! But I am sending all those to you.As to inscriptions, I don't know why the publication need take so long, but Gadd will write to you about that. But what is quite certain of course is that they will not be available copies proofs to take out as working material in the field, as you thought essential & as Father Burrows, who is coming with us this year, also thinks essential. So would:
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Uplands Bathwick HillBathJuly 27. 1926.Dear Gordon,Yours of July 16 has just reached me; I am glad that the accounts have got to you and hope that you approve of the estimate for next season of £5000. I certainly think that all the small sculptured fragments of limestone found in 1924 - 1925 ought to be regarded as belonging to the great stela; it is indeed virtually certain, since they were all found together, and it would be most unwise to separate them. At any time we may find other fragments which will connect them together; last season a new fragment turned up which I am sure also belongs though it does not, I fancy, fit on to what we have: and more will probably be discovered. As to the division, that of course is not my affair (for which I am duly thankful!), but with regard to what you say I must protest that I assuredly did not feel that the stela should be balanced against the rest of the objects found that in the same season; rather I agreed (so far as it was for me to do so) with what I understood to be your suggestion, that as there was nothing in the rest of the collection fit to be balanced against it the division had best be left over for a year in the hope that a counterpois might turn up. That was what I understood to be your view, and I believe that that was what Kenyon understood also; but here I speak without authority, and would ask you please to refer to him.I shall be delighted to see Miss McHugh, but trust that her visit does not mean that you will not be coming.Yours sincerely,[signed] C. Leonard Woolley:
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UplandsBathwich HillBath16.[squiggle] 27Ans_d May 11. 27Dear LegrainMany thanks for your letter of Feb. 1st which has just reached me here via Ur, & for the photographs enclosed. I was very glad to receive the details of Gordon's death: the bare fact had shocked me greatly, & I realise well the loss it means to the Museum. I am glad to know that my cable about the gold discoveries reached him before his death: You will have seen from my reports how well founded was the telegraphic announcement.Now for my own news: This can be summed up by saying that on Monday last I was married to Mrs. Keeling! You who know her will appreciate how fortunate:
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UplandsBathwich HillBath28/5/27Dear LegrainMany thanks for your congratulations, which I thoroughly deserve, & for the good wishes, though in my case they seem almost superfluous: & please thank Miss McHugh too. We are down here for the week-end, but most of our time is spent in London, at the B.M., preparing for the exhibition, which will be ready:
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UplandsBathwich HillBathJun 24. 27Dear LegrainThanks for yours of June 13 just received. As to the IIInd[Roman numerals--I used a capital I] dyn. tablets, certainly it would be all right to fill in the catalogue numbers 3374 - 5999 and 7144 - 7499: if these do not give enough numbers I should recommend putting tablets in groups of, say, ten, & giving numbers 3374 A-K. I agree that field catalogue numbers are preferable with individual material. It is good news that you expect to get to work on more tablets this winter.Please thank Miss McHugh for the book which has been safely delivered to me: it is a:
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UplandsBathwick HillBath.July 17. 1925.To the Director,Sir,I have the honour to submit to you my statement of the accounts of your Expedition for the year July 1st 1924 to June 30th 1925, and with them a detailed account for the period March 1st to June 30th 1925. To my own account, in which I meet the credit of sums that have actually passed through my hands, I add a statement of sums that have been paid out by the two Museums either to me or in the way of direct payments for which I had no responsibility.The direct payments made by the British Museum are a matter of adjustment between the two Museums and do not form part of the expenses of the Expedition proper: the total cost of the latter for the year has therefore been [Pound symbol]4412.11.6. My original estimate was for [Pound symbol]4250., but by the letter of the Director of the British Museum dated January 30th 1925 I was authorised to spend up to a limit of [Pound symbol]4500, including Dr. Legrain's salary and travelling expenses, and that limit has as you will observe not been exceeded. My accounts shew a balance of [Pound symbol]855.19.6. but as the British Museum paid in to my credit more than its due proportion of the total costs, this apparent balance may have to be reduced by repayment of that surplus advance: that of course is not my affair, but I feel it right to point out what might possibly be misleading.I also enclose my estimate for the expenses of the year 1925 - 1926. For this, I suppose a full season of 20 working weeks and a gang of men not less in number than last season; I further assume that an architect is added to the staff, as certainly should be done in the interests of efficient work - this means an increase in the cost of living and travelling, as well as a salary for the arch-:
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UplandsBathwick HillBath.July 7. 1927.Sir, In submitting for your consideration and approval my estimate of the expensesfor the coming season's work at Ur, I have the honour to make the following comments.Salaries. I have suggested an increase in the salary of Mr. Mallowan. In the past year Mr. Mallowan received a salary of £100 for his services in the field andwas paid a further sum of about £35 for work done in London after the return of theExpedition. Mr. Mallowan has now been with me for two years, and is now worth a greatdeal more to the Expedition than formerly; he has done good work, and though he isof course still and apprentice, I consider that he deserves an increase of salary. Mysuggestion is that he should receive £200 for the year, i.e., for field work and forwork done in London; the increase therefore is not so great as might at first appear. I trust that this will be approved by you.I have also ventured to suggest that my wife be reckoned henceforth a regularmember of the Staff, receiving her expenses and a salary of £100. During the lasttwo seasons, and especially last year, she has at her own expense done work which wasof great value to the Expedition: this work is most necessary and cannot be done byany other member of the Staff, since I myself have not the time and Mr. Mallowan hasneither the time nor the ability to undertake the drawing of objects, either for cat-alogue purposes or for reproduction. Mrs. Woolley is now fully qualified for this veryspecial work, and can also assist considerably in the actual excavations.Wages. This figure, which shows an increase in the actual expenditure of lastseason, is based on the programme of excavation which I now submit: incidentally Imay point out that last season's field work was unusually short, and I look forwardthis year to a digging period of normal length.:
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UplandsBathwick HillBathAug. 27, '26Dear GordonI had long since asked for the bricks to be sent to you, but Hall was away on holiday, then I came to Bath, and when Hall got back Gadd, to who I had spoken, also went off; so things have been hung up, I suppose. On getting your letter this morning I wrote at once to Hall & I trust that the bricks will be packed up & sent at once: they had to be unpacked because the boxes in which they were belongs to the Royal Air Force & had to be returned to depot. I'm sorry for the long delay.The colored drawings arrived safely & one of them:
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UplandsBathwick HillBathJuly 23. 26Dear GordonMany thanks for the two photos which have come safely to hand here: the coloured drawing is probably waiting for me in town. The other drawings to which I referred were coloured vases, actually found at Al Ubaid; they are Newton's work. I asked at the B.M. & was told that they had gone to you, so wrote; but must confess that in consequence of being told that I did not have a search for them at the B.M. They shew vases thus [drawing: (artifacts: pots) small sketches of five vessels] etc - I think there were six in all. If these are what you have but supposed:
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UplandsBathwick HillBathJuly 7. 1927.Sir,In submitting to you my statement of the accounts of your Expedition forthe year 1926 - 1927 I have to explain the alteration in the figures for theperiod July 1st - October 31st 1926.In my summary of accounts for 1925-1926 I shewed a total expenditure of£5171. 18. 5 and on the assumption that my estimate of £5000 for the season hadbeen or was to be met by grants from the two Museums represented the deficit tobe carried forward or dealt with in other wise as £171. 18. 5. In point of factthe contribution of the British Museum was, at the close of the year, considerablyshort of the sum £2500, and the actual deficit at that time was, as my accounts also shewed, £363. 18. 8. This shortage was more than made up later by the paymentinto the Joint Account of £250; in my statement for the period July 1 to Oct. 1.I took certain other payments as reducing the real deficit of £171. 18. 5 to thefigure £133. 18. 5. Since however my accounts ought to harmonise with my Bank pass-book, which they cannot do if sums paid in in the course of this financial yearare attributed to last season and not figured in this, I have gone back to the ac-tual position on July 1st. 1926, and have shewn the deficit as £363. 18. 8., andthe £250 paid in by the British Museum on account of last year is shewn in the cur-rent account. The difference is merely one of book-keeping.I may point out that the total expenditure, including last year's deficit, iswithin a few pounds of the maximum laid down for me late in the course of the seas-on. The surplus of available funds over my expenditure represents xxxxx later con-tributions and sums that had been paid in directly to myself without passing throughthe Eastern Bank books.:
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UplandsBathwick HillHallApril 27. 1924.Sir, I have the honour to enclose herewith my statement of the accounts of your Expedition for the months of March and April.As usual, in these accounts the value of the Rupee has been taken as 15 - £1st., and the real value will have to be adjusted by the rate of exchange given by the banks at times of the various drafts sent to Mesopotamia; I hope in the near future to submit a comprehensive account for the period July 1st 1923 to April 30, 1924 with this correction shewn.In view of offers of good employment that had been made to my Jerablus foremen, and the possibility of their accepting the same rather than continue work so far from their homes as Ur, I have thought it worth while, and, in view of the invaluable services which they can render at Ur, to grant them a retaining fee during the summer reckoned ast one half of their working wage; this has been paid by me to Hamoudi, but to the others only promised on condition of their due-reappearance next season. I trust that I shall have your approval for this action, for which the treatment usually given to reises in Egypt affords full precedent.One or two items due to the Iraq Government are not yet to hand and must be included in later accounts.Hoping that this statement will meet with your satisfaction,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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Upper pad- Large beard_d man advanc_g l. with rt h. extend_d. L hands holds weapon against breast-
Apparent_y- nude.:
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Upper part of clay relief showing clean shaven man facing left w. rt. h. raised: his garment leaves rt. sh bare.:
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Upper part of clay relief. God w
horn_d head_d. & curved staff over
l. sh. standing between 2 tall symbols poles or weapons:
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upper part of relief-Head of
heavily beard_d man, app_ly w. rt.
arm rais_d:
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Upper part of TC. relief. God
w. horn_d headd. carrying curved weapon upon rt. sh.:
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Upper part of TC. relief. Woman naked(?) standing w. h. clasped under breasts. Broken below. :
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Upper part. clay fig. of a man in cone-shap_d cap w. staff(?) over r. shoulder l. arm broken away eyes applied. Staff curves over should. into a crook.
(Martu) Sheperd w. crook_d stick over r. shoulder H. model_d-in round-Back muscles good-split legs suggest riding astride..a ram? l. broken away. Pinch_d nose. Pellet eyes no mouth. No bear(pauled, scratched?:) Curious conical cap(combed hair?) woollen turban. Slim body. Good proport &a Hilude Incised fingers-Legs split by straight cut at back-tight shawl:(or loincloth?):
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Upper part. Clay fig. of a man in cone-shap_d cap. W staff (?) over r. shoulder. L. arm broken away. Eyes applied. Staff curves over should. Into a crook. (Martu) Shepherd. W crook_d stick. Over r. shoulder H. model_d- in round- Back muscles good- split legs suggest riding astride.. a ram? L. broken away. Pinch_d nose. Pellet eyes. no mouth. No beard. (painted beard, scratched:) Curious conical cap (combed hair?) woollen turban. Slim body. Good proport. & attitude. Incised fingers- legs split by straight cut at back. - TIght shawl: (or loin cloth?)
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upper part. Nude fem hold_g [drawing]
cf1568:
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Upper portion of clay relief-
w. fig. similar to U. 1301.
Idem: 31-16-918.
" : Fr-t [97 circled]:
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UR Antiq Photos Field Cat. J.I. 1922-3. 1-112. 1 - 1064 1II. 1923-4. 113-249. 1101-1788 2 3III. 1924-5. 301-476 2501-3373 4IV. 1925-6. 501-721. 6000-6977 5V. 1926-7. 751-922. 7500-9360 6 7VI. 1927-8. 930-1121. 9501-13108 8 Report: 68VII. 1928-9. [handwriting]...... ................... 9 Report=40VIII. 1929-30 .................... ............. [circle] Report=23:
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Ur Exc. Vol. V. Zig. p. 57
Kassite buildings. Nin Gal temple of Kuriglz
Floor of room 8- Niche in back wall opposite the entrance: burnt brick base or altar
Embedded in the brick work of the rectangl mass, 7 courses from the top were found a broken mud fig. of a man inscrib_d with the titles of a nameless official (Ur texts vol. 1. no 160:
Mu-ir-rum, mu-kin par-si)
& copper, gold crescent, gold leaf casing of cyl-seal, gold wire, gold leaf, glass bead (?) or seal, glass vase, silver tumbler glaz_d bottle, small glaz_d cyl, pot, small glaz_d altar (?)
All from dedication-deposit
Beneath the lowest course a copper statuette (U. 18628) Su. illa
*
Mud statuette: Standing. Clasp_d long robe or shawl - Inscript. on back: common dant "Keeper of the ordonances":
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UR EXCAVATIONS, 1929-30. PAYMENTS MADE BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM ON ACCOUNT OF THE JOINT EXPEDITION AND TO BE BORNE EQUALLY BY THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA AND THE BRITISH MUSEUM.1929 July 4 To Frank C.Strick & co.(Basra) Ltd. Transport of objects Basra-Baghdad. Vo. No. 1139 £12. 8. 5.Oct. 24 To Victoria and Albert Museum Casts for Baghdad. Vo.No.2582 5. 11. 0.28 To Baird & Tatlock (London) Ltd. Wax etc. for use in Laboratory. Vo. No. 2605 1. 13. 10Nov. 4 To Miss Paterson: Index. O.No.3017 2. 12. 6.17 To Charles Bartlett: Cases (3) 2. 16. 8.1930 Jan. 827 TO H.T.Seally: Visit to Southampton to receive loaned objects from Philadelphia (O.No. 3750) 1. 18. 8.Mar. 7 To W.Harris: Cartage of objects for Baghdad to Lndon Docks (O.No.4382) 15. 0.27 To Frank C.Strick & Co,Ltd. Transport of Iraq objects from London to Basra. O. No.4599 5. 2. 6.Apr. 1 To F.Stahlschmidt & Co. Transport of \"typed catalogue\" ex Floristan for Baghdad (O.No. 2) 1. 10. 4.May 5 To Director of Antiquities,Iraq. Antiquities returned from London. Transport from Basra to Baghdad (O.No.382) 20. 9. 3.7 To Frank C.Strick & Co.(Basra) Ltd. Transport of antiquities from London to Basra (O.No. 387) 5. 12. 6.8 To F.Stahlschmidt & Co. 54 cases antiquities from Basra to London (O. No.427) 63. 15. 0.Total £124. 5. 8. One half share 62. 2. 10.:
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UR IRAQ December 31. 1930
Sir, I have the honour to report to you as follows on the work done by your Expedition during the past month.
Weather has been unusually favourable, so that only one working day has been lost: with an average of 275 men employed great progress has been made. The shoring up of the vaults of the great tomb building has taken much time and for a while held up the excavation of that site; it is now nearly finished. The cost of this will be not much less than £100, and it has been very difficult and nervous work, as many tons of loose brickwork had to be supported and before the timbers could be put in a certain amount of excavation was necessary which of course involved risk, but so far all has gone well and most of the construction is now safe. I regret to say that early in the month Mr. Winckworth was ill and as the local treatment failed of effect had to be sent to the hospital in basra, where he was kept for a fortnight suffering from dysentery; he is now back, and fit for work again, but his absence, at a time when inscribed material was coming in fairly freely has meant that on the epigraphical side work has fallen into arrears; Mr. Railton's knowledge of cuneiform proved most useful in the interim, but much copying has been held over. In this case again I have had to meet unexpected expenditure.Of the mausoleum of the Third Dynasty kings the whole of the superstructure and four tombs have been cleared, one of the latter having two chambers; on the two largest tombs work is still going on. So thorough was the plundering that only one subject worthy of record has been found,:
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Ur Iraq November I. 1929 Sir, I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statement of the accounts of your Expedition for the interim period July Ist to October 31st 1929, and trust that these will meet with your approval. I do not think that the accounts call for much remark from me. Hitherto there has been no insurance of the members of the staff, but in view of the liability which thereby devolved on the Expedition it seemed to me more prudent to take out a safeguarding policy, and this was approved by Sir Frederic Kenyon. He also agreed that my expenses should be paid for a period spent by me in London working at one of the objects found last year; and I have charged further to the Expedition the cost of a prolonged stay in London in connection with the exhibition at the British Museum when it appeared essential to meet scientists and others who came to visit the exhibition. I might point out that travelling costs in my case include stops of several days both in London and in Baghdad when I was kept for official duties and for the purchase of stores. I failed to find an assistant who would be of real use, and was therefore content with the same staff as last year strengthened by the addition of Mr. Whitburn, our old architect, who is to join us later. The four actual members crossed the desert together, arriving at Baghdad on OCtober 26th: the foremen, who met us there, were sent down to Ur on the 27th, and MR. Mallowan went on the following day to prepare the house, which owing to the unusually heavy sand-storms of last sum-:
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Ur IraqJanuary 3, 1928Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the results of your work since December 6, the date of my last report; this will explain the cable sent by me on the 2nd instant.While the work in general has been successful, so much so indeed that the press of material waiting to be catalogued compelled me to shift the whole gang for a week to the Great Courtyard site, the outstanding feature has been the discovery of two royal tombs.In my last report I described a [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"20\" opens herethe large grave area which had yielded many fine objects but failed to produce the actual tomb and body of the principal person, a. Among these objects was a wooden chest which I assumed to be a clothes-box. When the box was removed there were found below it bricks which proved to come from the arched roof of a stone and brick-build tomb; it had been plundered from above and the box served to conceal the hole made by the plunderers. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"20\" closes here and a penciled bracket labeled \"24\" opens which includes the rest of the text on this page] The This masonry tomb stood at one end of a second large grave area very much like that described above in my last report, lying about one and a half metres lower down, and unplundered. In this area were buried 58 persons, all of whom must have been sacrificed to the man buried in the tomb proper.. A sloping ramp led down to the bottom of the grave shaft, which had been carpetted and hung with:
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Ur Junction Archaeological Mission Iraq- Mesopotamia Dec. 12 1924Dear Dr. Gordon Despite all bad rumors of letters being stopped and lost coming to or from Iraq, I hope this will reach you, if not for Christmas at least for the New Year. It is a good season in Scotland. And I send to you and to the Museum staff my best greeting. I have been awfully busy of late, brushing mud from dirty bricks and copying all sort of inscriptions. Thanks to the weather being colder we are [?quit?] from all kind of pests: mosquitoes, sand flies, or common and most obstinate flies. The nights are cold, and there are some splendid sun rises and sun sets the only real beauty of the land. But this has nothing to do with archaeology. The big work is carried round the old Ziggurat tower. I do not know whether you care for plans or not, but a plan is a good guide and L.C.W. hopes to fix this year the four corners- or towers- at the four point of the compass, and[Page 2] at the four angles of the terrace on which rests the Ziggurat. Your know all details from his reports. One particular building or gate on the E. corner, has remarkable architectural features, a central large gate, and two side doors vaulted over, and T shape decorated walls outside. It still an open question whether it was a gate or a tribunal. But since we have courts and supreme courts, why not supreme gates! In Stambul there used to be a sublime gate. The aspect of the building is surprisingly good. The office - or mud room- affected to the cuneiformist - myself in the present case, is mud and bricks all over. I ought like a true Sumerian to walk on my bare feet, with head all shaven and shorn. It is quite the opposite, and my hair grows like the hair of the Bedani- anyhow the office has the aspect of a Museum. In a corner there is a pile of door sockets of old King Ur-Engur. Next come the green serpent, the top of an old [?Kudursa?] sawn in two and inscribed by the vice regent:
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UR Junction.Nov. 2. 1922.To the Director of theUniversity Museum, Philadelphia.Sir,I have to honour to submit to you the following preliminary report on the work of the Mesopotamian Expedition.I left London on Sept. 26th on the SS which was in the holdRheinfels, accompanied by Messrs Newton and Smith, Mr Hunter having been left behind for reasons of health in circumstances already known to you. On Oct. 8th we reached Port Said, where I was joined by Haj Wahid and Hamoudi, the cook and working foreman respectively of the Carchemish Expedition; owing to the difficulty of finding good servants in Iraq, and to the need of employing large numbers of untrained labourers, the employment of these two experienced men is well worth the extra expense involved in fetching them from a distance. I had therefore arranged with the British Consulate at Aleppo that they should be sent to Egypt to meet me, and I was most relieved to find them waiting for me at Port Said.On Oct. 23rd we landed at Basra. Unfortunately, the Rheinfels was due to go back and discharge cargo at Abadan and Mohammerah before unloading at Basra,so that that part of my outfit which was in the hold was unavailable and has not even yet come to hand; as this included the bedding of the whole party considerable discomfort has been caused; but I hope that all stores will be soon forthcoming now. We were met on landing by reports that the disturbed conditions near Ur would make our going there impossible, but luckily the situation cleared up during our stay in Basra. A great deal had to be done in the way of acquiring camp outfit, tools, etc., securing facilities for the work and making arrangements with the local authorities; thanks to the kindness which was uniformly shewn, it proved possible to leave for Ur on Oct. 26th, an earlier date than had seemed feasible at the start. During our stay at Basra we lodged with the Civil Chaplain, Rev. C. W. Carter; Sir A. T. Wilson arranged that the Anglo-Persian Oil Co. should act as honourary agents for the Expedition; I met Lt.-Col. Tainsh, Director of Railways, who gave all facilities and allowed me to purchase much of the necessary equipment from the railway stores at reduced rates and will supply Decauville material; while both the Ordnance and the R. E. Stores also furnished stuff.Reaching Ur on Oct. 27th, we were accomodated temporarily in the Railway Institute, comfortable quarters but too far from the site to be of permanent use. We visited the mound and selected alternative sites for the Expedition house and arranged methods for getting regular food supplies. On the following day I left for Bagdad, Messrs Newton and Smith remaining behind at Ur to carry out the preliminaries to excavation.I arrived at Bagdad on Sunday Oct. 29th., and was invited to stay with Col. Tainsh, Sir Percy Cox being away and having small-pox in his house. I saw Miss Bell, the Hon. Director of Archaeology who informed me that the Antiquities Law was coming before the Cabinet on the morrow and would probably be passed. On the Monday I had interviews with H. M. King Faisal, H. E. the High Commissioner, H. E. Sabih bey, Minister of Works, whithin whose province comes the Directorate of Archaeology, H. E. the Minister for the Interior and other local authorities English and Arab. As the law failed to be passed that afternoon, the Minister gave me a provisional permit to dig, which will be replaced by a regular Irade as soon as the:
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Ur of the Chaldees The Temple of the Moon GodThe first season's work by the joint expedition of the British Museum and the University Museum of Philadelphia has been remarkably fruitful in results. A good deal of information as to the progress of the excavations has already appeared in the press, but a general summary of the discoveries made is due to the public. Ur, which was a great Sumerian city ages before the arrival of the Chaldees, had the reputation of being one of the most ancient centres of civilisation in Babylonia, and though we have not yet tapped its lowest strata and the earliest object dated by inscription goes back no further [?I think further replaces \"earlier\", but it wasn't crossed out] than 2900 B.C., yet painted potsherds, and flint implements found loose in the soil, and even some of the walls already laid bare, must go back be very many hundreds of years earlier older than that. The final destruction of the city, or at any rate of it's temples, took place in the Persian period when Zoroastrianism had attained sufficient intolerance and power to sweep away the monuments of the older faith: [?] and from the First Third dynasty of Ur (about 2300 BC) to this time, perhaps about 400 BC, the history of the buildings excavated by us is virtually continuous. Most of our work centred on the temenos or sacred enclosures at the ? formed by Ur Engur, the first king of the Third Dynasty.Before his time At the beginning of the 3rd millenium the city had been subject to the kings of Lagash, a statue of the last one of whom, Enannatum, who we found by us in the debris piled against the foot of the Ziggurat tower: it is headless but finely carved, and bears across its back and shoulders:
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UR OF THE CHALDEES. IraqJanuary 31. 1926.In my last report on the work of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania I described the beginning of the excavation of the temple of the moon goddess Nin-Gal, called the Gig-Par-Azag; during January the whole gang of more than two hundred men has been employed upon the site and now we have almost finished laying bare the really magnificent structure built originally in mud brick by Bur-Sin king of Ur (in about 2220 B. C.) and rebuilt in fine burnt brick a hundred and fifty years later by Enanatum who was a son of Ishme-Dagan king of Isin but held his office of the High Priest of Nannar as a vassal of [undecipherable] Gungunu ruler of Larsa. This is the most imposing building at Ur, with the single exception of the Ziggurat, covering a very large area and laid out on a bold and spacious plan. There are two temples in the complex; one, apparently dedicated to the goddess Nin-E-Gal, is somewhat conventional in style with its outer and inner court, its small pronaos and its wide and shallow sanctuary entered through a pylon gateway with panelled front; the other temple, that of Nin-Gal, is far more original; a [undecipherable] court with wide gateways on three sides, brick-paved and thickly set with bases for statues or stelae, with water-tanks and lustral stands, forms the central feature and from it three massive doorways lead to the sanctuary, a small chamber entirely taken up by a high statue-base with a flight of steps on one s side of it; altars in the gateway recesses and in the chamber next to the sanctuary seem to shew that these [undecipherable] served as side chapels for the cult of lesser gods. The court is flanked by long rooms, store- or service chambers, and behind the sanctuary is the temple kitchen: this is most interesting, for all its furnishing is extremely well preserved. Near one wall is the well sunk through the floor, lined with bricks set in bitumen, by it, made fast in the brick pavement, is a bronze ring to which the bucket-rope was secured, and against the wall:
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Ur of the Chaldees.December 31. 1924.December has proved a fruitful month for the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. Work has been carried on on both of the sites mentioned in my previous report, and both have yielded good results.In the much ruined area under the shadow of the great ziggurat tower, where in November we found the terrace wall built by king Ur-Engur about 2300 B.C., we have now been able to trace nearly all the vicissitudes of what was really the religious centre of the city: in the tangle of walls that spread over and beyond the original limits of the terrace can be read the story of wars and destruction, and of rebuilding by later kings, through the stretch of two thousand years. Sometimes the bricks themselves bear the stamp of the royal builders, sometimes the age of a wall can only be deduced according as it lies under or above other walls whose date is known; once a dramatic discovery gave us valuable proof. Digging down into the ruins of a massive mud-brick fort which projected from the line of the terrace and was obviously a later addition to it, we found a flight of brick steps which ran down through the tower and joined the terrace to the low ground at its foot; and searching in the walls on either side we found no less than eleven large nail-shaped cones of burnt clay embedded in the brickwork, arranged in rows with their round heads parallel with the wall-face just as they had been set there four thousand years ago; and the inscriptions on head and stem proclaimed that the fort was built by Warad-Sin, king of Larsa, of Sumer and Akkad. In one respect we were unsuccessful,- we had hoped to find remains of buildings earlier than the time of Ur-Engur, but these were buried below the huge mass of the Ziggurat, where they never can be touched; but one of our deep trenches did produce at least a relic of that older age,- a little square of shell beautifully engraved with two royal or divine persons who walk sedately along in their cumbrous mantles holding each others hands; it is quite a gem of miniature (the figures are only an inch high), and a rare illustration of the fourth millennium B.C.Our other site has been the Hall of Justice called E-dublal-makh, and here, removing little by little the mud-brick walls and the high-lying pavements of the later periods, we have worked out the history of the building from Nabonidus, king of Babylon in the sixth century B.C., back though the repairs done by Sin-balatsu-ikbi a hundred yeas before, by Kuri-Galzu the Kassite in the sixteenth century, by Ishme-Dagan king of Isin six hundred years before that, to its original foundation by Bur-Sin of Ur about 2250 B.C.: and even below the walls of Bur-Sin we have come upon brickwork of a more primitive sort, bearing no name but marked with two finger-prints deeply impressed to hold the mortar, a record of the shadowy kings of the Second Dynasty of Ur who may have reigned some two thousand eight hundred years before Christ. The building as it stands now is Kuri-Galzu's, and very imposing it is, with its flight of steps leading up to the great doorway, its panelled walls, and the raised pavement of its inner chamber where once probably stood the statue of the god, and the arched side doors are due to the:
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UR of the Chaldees.Jan. 31. 1925Throughout January, in spite of a cold which at times felt almost Artic, The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has carried on the work of excavation at Ur, and the results, though not sensational, have certainly been interesting. As usual, we have been digging on two separate sites at once, thus making full use of our two foremen, Hamoudi and Khalili, and creating a healthy spirit of rivalry between the gangs.In my last report I described the discovery of the convent built by king Nabonidus for his daughter Bel-Shalti-Nannar, thr High Priestess of Ur; we have now gone further with this work and laid bare the whole building - or at least so much of it as is preserved - and find that it comprises within its walls regular houses with private courts and rooms as well as the work- chambers and and offices which we first encountered: the largest of these may well have been the quarters of the princess herself, for the tiles of the floors are stamped with her father's name and the phrase \"the House of the High Priestess\". Owing to the ruined state of the building its clearance did not take very long, and early in the month we started to dig down to the lower levels, and below the Convent we found another large complex of buildings first put up about 2000 B.C. by the rulers of Larsa to whom Ur was then subject, and later restored by Kuri-Galzu the Kassite king of Babylon; now virtually the whole of this has been excavated, and with the great paved court which lies between it and the Hall of Justice described by me in a former report. It is always rather disappointing to look down into a hole and to be told that what you can see at the bottom was once a palace or a temple: today at Ur one can wander from room to room between walls eight feet high and come out into the wide spaces of the court whose trim pavement of kiln-baked bricks was laid down more than three thousand years ago and above one the fluted walls of the Justice Hall which though shorn of most of their height still dominate the buildings round. At the foot of the pedestal on which it is raised are the remains of the brick platform where the priest stood and poured his libations when the great gates of the temple were flung open in the morning; the Arab workmen in their long cloaks going up the steps that lead to the temple door might belong to any age; and it is easy to forget that so many centuries have passed, leaving only ruins, and to imagine for the moment that all is as it was, that the bare walls are clothed again with plates of silver and brass and that in his inner shrine Nannar is still enthroned.All about the courtyard were fragments of stone, the wreck of statues smashed to atoms by some enemy, and it is tantalising to recover on such the inscriptions which tell that these were the offerings or even the portrait figures of early kings of the city; but the destroyers had done their work only too well, and bits of the same sculpture may be found hundreds of yards apart, and though all are sedulously collected these is small chance of reconstructing anything entire. In the complex of rooms beyond the court there were found above and below the brick floors hoards of clay tablets [handwritten 9]:
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Ur of the Chaldees.March 6. 1926.During February the work of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania was spread over three distinct sites all lying within the Sacred Area of the ancient city. In the first place it was necessary to complete the excavation of the great temple of the Moon Goddess which I described in my last report; much work had been done on this but we still had to unravel the intricacies of a plan complicated by the many alterations introduced by successive builders. In this we were helped not a little by discovering a number of hinge-stones at the doors of various rooms inscribed with the names and dedications of Ur-Engur and of his grandson Bur-Sin, both of whom had been concerned in the erection of the original building; the main standing ruins are those of a temple reconstructed in about 2100 B.C. by Enannatus, a royal prince who was High Priest of the Moon God, but he follows so faithfully the ground-plan of the earlier work that even where his walls had been bodily removed by later restorers it was sufficient to dig down and trace the mud brick walls of Bur-Sin for the design of the High Priest's building to become plain. In the process of this digging down we found the door sockets mentioned above and also a very fine female head carved in black diorite, an admirable example of Third Dynasty sculpture dating from about 2300 B. C.The second site excavated was a narrow strip on the south-west side of the Ziggurat of Ur-Engur. Here two three years ago we had laid bare the great double boundary wall of mud brick built by Nebuchadnezzar round the Sacred Area of Ur and this time our object was to determine whether there existed earlier walls of the same sort. The discoveries made have cleared up the history of this part over a much longer period than we had expected, for we found not only a similar boundary wall dating from the Kassite period age of about 1400 B. C. but below this the remains of the chambere wall built originally by Ur-Engur round the terrace on which his Ziggurat stood; and:
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UR OF THE CHALDEES.Nov. 30. 1925The season's work at Ur started on October 28th, and the first month's digging has proved most successful. We are employing about two hundred and twenty men, as large a gang as can well be managed with a single foreman but not too many for one so capable as Hamoudi, and my intention was to keep them all on a single site [undecipherable] in order to make supervision more easy; but in this circumstances have proved too strong for me and I have been obliged to divide our forces to some extent and to tackle neighbouring but distinct sites. The programme was that we should excavate a large mound under which I expected to find the palace of Dungi, son of the builder of the great Ziggurat, who reigned two thousand two hundred and fifty years before Christ, but we had scarcely started work when we came upon tombs and drains set so thickly together that there seemed little else to find; the shafts [?cut?] sunk for the graves and the deep pits through which ran the huge terra-cotta drainpipes had been driven through the buried ruins and had reduced their walls to odd disconnected lengths of meaningless brickwork; here to go fast was simply to invite confusion, and I had to move the best part of my men on to the next mound so as to give myself time to worry out the problems of the palace site.That we were correct in expecting to find remains of Dungi here was proved by a welcome discovery. In a broken length stretch of mud brick wall there were found four brick boxes containing, undisturbed, the objects deposited at the time of the founding of the building, copper statuettes of Dungi carrying on his head the basket of mortar for the laying of the first brick, the stone tablets inscribed with the dedication of the work: it was a dramatic moment when the cover was lifted off the first box and the little figure, its metal turned to a vivid green, was seen standing upright in one corner with the tablet laid at its feet. Close to this was found loose in the rubble a broken figure of the same king, carved in black diorite, and not far off was the most beautiful example of Sumerian sculpture yet found, the head of the:
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UR OF THE CHALDEES.November 30. 1925.The digging season at Ur started this year on October 25th, so we have now completed our first month's work and can look back and estimate results. In doing so we have every reason to feel satisfied, for whereas at the beginning of a new dig on an unknown site one expects to spend no little time in the shifting of surface soil and below this there will probably be found late and poor remains which yield no prizes but must none the less be properly excavated and planned before they can be swept away for the lower and more productive strata to be reached, this first month has taken us straight back to the earliest times and has been unusually rich in important discoveries.The whole gang of diggers, 220 strong, was set to work on a high mound lying in the south corner of the Sacred Area, a site which on somewhat scanty evidence I had assumed to be that of the palace of Dungi, who was king of Ur in 2250 B. C., but which Mr. Taylor, who had partly excavated it in 1854, called the Tomb Mound. His description was apt enough, for at once we came upon numerous graves, some of them quite large structures built of brick with corbelled or barrel-vaulted roofs, some simple interments beneath bath-shaped clay coffins; many of them had been opened and emptied by Taylor, some were undisturbed and yielded interesting objects. In the brick-built graves the dead lay almost straight, only the knees bent; under the clay coffins they were doubled closely up, wrapped in reed matting; with them were clay vessels which must have contained food and drink, and such other things as a man might want in the next world - one had below his head a bronze razor with a wooden handle and one a small collection of clay tablets recording his latest business d deals. All the graves dated to a period between 1900 and 1700 B. C. and had been sunk below the floors of a building which had capped the mound: unfortunately the shafts for the graves, the innumerable drains formed of great terra-cotta pipes which had at various times been driven deep into the soil to drain the buildings, and lastly the trenches which Taylor had dug across the site in every direction:
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Ur of the ChaldeesDec. 31. 24In a former report I described the discovery of a building at Ur which was once a gate of the Sacred Area and later became a Hall of Justice. At that time we had cleared only its upper levels, now the work has been carried deeper down and we can trace more of its history than was apparent then. The first coherent building, now buried far below the surface, shews on its bricks the name of Bur-Sin, who was king of Ur about 2250 B.C.; the inscriptions on the edges of the bricks are wonderfully sharp, and the wall, with its bitumen mortar, is of a most massive type. Yet it did not last long, for disaster overtook the city, and in less than two hundred years the whole gateway had to be rebuilt, and the higher course of the brickwork bear the stamp of Ishme-Dagan, one of the kings of Isin who succeeded to the overlordship of Mesopotamia after the Elamite wars had brought low the Third Dynasty of Ur. The next stage comes some hundred years later when Kuri-Galzu, a Kassite king of Babylon, repaired the old building, and here the literary and material sides of archaeology harmonize unusually well: in his inscriptions the king describes how he found the tower \"ancient houes, which from days of old had decayed\" and \"its foundation on the four sides I rebuilt, to its place I restored it\"; actually on the ground we can see how the restorers dug right round the foundations of the gate, trimmed back the decorated brickwork of its walls, and against these laid a reinforcement of solid brick waterproofed above with thick bitumen, and having levelled down the ruins to this line built their new walls directly on the old: it is a dramatic confirmation of the royal claims. And Kuri-Galzu's building, which is that with survives to the present day, was a very fine piece of work. Nearly a thousand years after his time it was repaired by the Assyrian governor , Sin-balatsu-ikbi, who cl boasts of having done no less thorough work than the Kassite, but of to what he did practically nothing now left bears witness; and in the sixth century B.C. Nabonidus repaved its floors and built an annex in mud brick against either side of it; but now that most of that mud brick has been cleared away what we see is Kuri-Galzu' tower. Nothing but the plain brick walls remain. Gone is the Assyrian's gate of box-wood with its bronze, hinge-post and its lock-plates of silver and gold; gone are the gold and silver and lapis lazuli with which Bur-Sin adorned his earliest chamber and the statue named \"Bur-Sin the Beloved of Ur\" which he set up in it: but the plain walls are not without their dignity. The gate stood on the edge of E-temen-ni-il, the terrace of the Ziggurat, and in front of it stretched a courtyard at a lower level. From this a short flight of steps led up to the flat top of the reinforcement wall with which Kuri-Galzu had surrounded the old building, along which one passed to the wide entrances where were the richly ornamented gates; from the entrance chamber more steps led up to the inner room whose raised floor was the original floor of Bur-Sin on the upper terrace level, and here, one imagines, stood the statue which the Elamite enemy carried off to in triumph and the king of Isin restored to its place; fallen outside the gate we found the battered and almost shapeless stump of a great diorite statue figure which may well have been once \"Bur-Sin the Beloved of Ur\".By the middle of the sixth century B.C. the low-lying court of Kuri-Galzu had been filled up with debris and rubbish, and Nabonidus put up his:
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UR OF THE CHALDEESJanuary 31, 1926.During January the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has been busy with the excavation of the great building on which we started in the middle of December. This is the temple dedicated to the Moon goddess Nin-Gal, but it includes within its area a second temple apparently sacred to another an a less known goddess Nin-E-Gal: it was founded by king Bur-Sin about 2220 B.C., but the structure whose massive walls of baked brick we are unearthing today is for the most part due to the rebuilding carried out a hundred and fifty years later by the Moon God's High Priest, one Enanatum, who was son of Ishme-Dagan king of Isin and held his office under the kings of Larsa when the overlordship of Sumer passed into the hands of the Larsa rulers. The High Priest seems to have followed faithfully the older plan, using the tops of Bur-Sin's mud-brick walls as foundations for his own work, and he was well advised in doing so, for the plan is simple, spacious and magnificent, and fallen though the temple is now its ruins cannot fail to impress one with their wide brick-paved courts wherein still stand the bases for statues, altars and basins lined with bitumen for holding the lustral water, with their huge gates and vistas between of inner sanctuaries and stepped altars. Firtunately there are in the ruins written records sufficient to reconstruct most of the shrine's history over a space of nearly three hundred years, and some of the objects found speak of a history longer and more remote, not indeed of the building whose walls we have laid bare but of a far more ancient forerunner. Soon after 1900 B.C. the temple was sacked, probably by the Babylonians, and littered about its floor are such things as the plundering soldiery flung down and smashed instead of ac carrying them away: the pieces are still there, and from them we can reconstitute the offerings made to the Goddess by pious worshippers. Most important of these is a small but complete statue in black diorite representing the goddess Bau, who must:
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UR OF THE CHALDEESMarch 4, 1926The work of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania during February has achieved results less sensational perhaps than those of the previous month but not less valuable. Our first task was to complete the excavation of the great temple of the Moon Goddess upon which we had been engaged for two months; here the main discoveries had already been made and what remained was to clear up doubtful points in the complicated plan of the building. The work was not so easy as it might have appeared to a visitor who saw for the first time the brick walls standing to more than a man's height; for these walls were not all of the same date and to establish the original plan one had to eliminate much of what was most obvious. The temple built by the royal priest Enannatus in the twenty-first century before Christ over the foundations of the building set up by Bur-Sin a hundred and fifty years earlier had been partly destroyed probably in a rebellion of the city against Babylon in the twelfth year of the reign of the son of the great conqueror and lawgiver Hammurabi; it was rebuilt by the Babylonians but with various changes and on simpler lines, and about 1400B.C. was again rebuilt by Kuri-Galzu of Babylon and again changes were made, but over much of the site the floor level remained the same and there was no real stratification to help us distinguish the work of each respective builder. But the time and patience required to unravel the tangle of brickwork was well repaid by the plan so evolved, the most perfect that we possess of the fortified temple of early Sumerian times and one whose balanced proportions and spacious dignity would do credit to any architect. The building is a square measuring some eighty yards each way with towers at the south and east corners; to these leads a passage which runs from the main gate round three sides of the rectangle, through the twenty-five foot thick outer walls, while another passage cuts across the middle of the building and divides it into two halves in each of which is a separate temple; each is complete:
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UR OF THE CHALDES.January 2. 1926.The Joint Expedition of the British Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has now completed two months work in this its fourth season. During the first half of December digging was continued on the E-Harsag site, where we went down through the floors of the buildings described in my last report to test the prehistoric levels below, and in the second half of the month we moved on to a large and untried area lying between E-Harsag and the great Ziggurat.Our sampling of the prehistoric strata, which was really an excursion outside the programme laid down for the season, was remarkably interesting, Immediately below the pavements of the Larsa buildings erected about 2000 B. C. and those of the shrine of King Dungi, founded some two hundred and fifty years earlier, we came upon walls built with plano-convex or pudding-shaped mud bricks, rounded on the top, which dated back to the First Dynasty of Ur, about 3300 years before Christ. Here we had got below the level at which graves were found, but always there were driven deep into the soil drains made of terra-cotta rings, sometimes two or three to a room, and in the bottom of these we found quantities of complete offering-vases; it would seem that these drains were from very remote times used as channels whereby offerings could be made and libations poured to the god of the nether world whose home was below the earth. As we went deeper older and older remains came to light, until at last we were nearly thirty feet below the 2000 B. C. level, and still there were walls and rooms of man's building: but so primitive were these that bricks even of crude mud seem to have been rarities, and the walls were constructed with basketfuls of dry clay heaped up and rammed together with a softer mortar. Even at this depth we found [unknown word xed out] witness to the beleifs of early man, for by the foundations of the walls there were great clay bowls inverted over a piece of matting, and on this were small cups of clay and a few animal bones, - the shoulder-blade of a sheep, or a jaw-bone: obviously the building's:
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Ur PAT
depth. 2/2,"50
Drab.
Nude fem. suckling child.
H.d legs miss_g
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Ur Room.V. 206. Rimush Mace headV. 3244. Gudez Tablet Foundation.V. 3224. Bur Sin Door SocketV. 3020. / 3012 - Warad Sin Found. tabletV. 2674 - Sinbalatsuigbi - Green SerpentV. 2757 - Clay Pedestal.Store Room.V. 3081 - Ur Nammu - Brick. Gis-sar-mahV. 3265 - F \" - Frag of Slela : DrummersV. 2669 / 2833 / 6323 - Billi-Adad. Brick.V. 3147 - Kurigalzu brick : Edublalmah (=CBS. 9023)...... Cyrus brick (=Mus-Jour. Dec. 1925 - p. 306) better copy.Baghdad.V. 208 - Ur Nammu Mace headV. 3019 / 3022 - Kurigalzu Found tabletV. 2758 - Kudurru.finished:
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Ur, Iraq, January 30, 1927During the whole of January the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the University Museum of Philadelphia has continued the excavation of the early cemetery the discovery of which was announced in my last report, and while the graves have proved as rich as the initial stages of the work led us to hope the information derived from them has proportionately increased. It is now possible to say definitely that the period covered by the main cemetery lies between 3500 and 3200 B.C., in other words, we have gone back behind the First Dynasty of Ur, whose historical existence was first proved by the discoveries made by this expedition three years ago, and are in that nebulous epoch assigned by ancient Sumerian chronologers to a dynasty of kings of Erech who reigned for periods that make Methusaleh look young. That Ur was already then a royal -- though not an imperial -- city is shewn by the names of kings engraved in their cylinder seals; that the country, divided up as it must have been into a number of city states, had already achieved a high level of culture and enjoyed a certain uniformity of civilization is made clear by the character of the objects found in the graves and by the analogies which they present to the contents of more or less contemporary toms excavated by Mr. Mackay at Kish, a hundred and fifty miles away in the North. Indeed the state of civilization illustrated by our discoveries is astonishing and, though it does not settle the question, throws new light upon the old dispute as to whether the civilization of the Euphrates or the Nile valley can claim the priority in time: our cemetery belongsto the period when Menes was:
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Ur- Junction.- Iraq- Jan. 3rd. 1925Dear Dr. Gordon.I beg you would believe wedrank your health in good style on Xmas and Near Year's eve. Despite the distance, the desert and the strenuous work we omitted none of the rites. Turkey, plum pudding and real Scotch wiskey. That is some help to archeology. I am up every day at half past six, and go to bed at half past ten, which is rather a change. I begin to like the eternal dust and mud and eyewitness of this strange country.I could not very much improve on the reports of our eminent director and master mind C. L. Woolley. I am afraid I rather made too much of him, and I lately got in trouble with the Br. Mu. authorities. I hope you did not take too much at heart Dr. Hall's recri- mination. I have received from him a very nice letter and four pamphlets, for which I am very thankful, and the next number of the Museum Journal[Last Page]my Paris address, and I will keep writing while traveling. Dr. Fisher must be very busy in his section, I do not expect to see him in Beishan, and I will not stop in Palestine but sail straight for France.The country around is safe and peaceful in the surrounding of Ur . with some trouble not very far from it. We had a cold spell, and ice one inch thick in the tub left in the court yard- not being too rich in wood and coal, we use the bitumen, recovered in the excavation. We have to thank Naboni dus for this invaluable and unexpensive way of warming up at Ur of the Chaldees. An extra blanket at night is welcome for our windows have only shutters. Rain is not yet over and we wade up to the dig in greasy gum boots. At last, mosquitos and sand flies are dead and we are safe from that pest.We had a good many visitors from Baghdad and Nasriah, English born and natives all very keen on archeology. It is a real comfort - well the war is still on and I hope to resist to the end.[Vertical text added] Please give my kind regards to all and believe me, yours sincerely, L. Legrain:
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UR. Feb. 29. 1924.Dear Gordon,I have just received a wire from Kenyon saying that owing to Mr. Rickett's offer and your agreement to correspond, the sum of £750 is being cabled out to me for use on the dig. And I have just replied to him that whereas the initial £250 was more than welcome, since it enabled me to carry out the full programme as laid down at our meeting in town, I cannot use this season the extra £500.Briefly, the reasons are, that tomorrow Miss Bell and Major Wilson arrive to arrange the division of objects, and it would be difficult to upset this; that I could not keep together a decent-sized gang as the agricultural busy season is on, - my 200 men have already dwindled to 125, and many more want to leave; also my foremen will not stop on much longer, and I can't do without them; the hot weather is starting, and the quality of work suffers already, so that to go on with a small and slack gang would be most wasteful. More important is it that we have got so much material this season that the proper working up of it - especially if there is to be a publication of Tell el Obeid,- will take all my time this summer and will not be finished If I do not get back to it soon; it is an awful mistake to get overwhelmed with one's stuff, and I certainly have got all I can manage. We have done the 4½ months' work arranged:
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UR. February 16. 1923To the Directorof the British Museum;Sir,I have the honour to submit to you the enclosed report on the work of your Expedition during the month past.It is with regret that I bring to an end earlier than I had expected what I hope will have been in your opinion a very successful season. I am now employing only half a dozen men on small points of detail and the work of packing the antiquities has begun. An inventory of these has been supplied to the Iraq Government, and I hope to receive on the 19th inst. a visit from the Director of Archaeology and the Minister to settle the division. Mr. Smith, whose work in the field is finished, expects to leave the camp in a few days; Mr. Newton has still some work to do on the plans; Mr. Lawrence will stop on to assist me with the packing. I shall probably have to go to Basra to arrange the despatch of the cases. Thereafter I propose to join Mr. Newton at Baghdad. It is important for us to examine certain features in the ruins of Babylon which may offer analogies with UR, and we hope to return to Europe via Aleppo, a route which if practicable should be the shortest and the most economical. My next report should be from London.Trusting that you will be satisfied with the account of our work here,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,Director of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum &of the University Museum, Philadelphia, to Mesopotamia.:
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UR. Iraq.Feb. 2. 1925.Dear Gordon,Herewith report and accounts for February, and by the same mail I am sending newspaper articles to Kenyon to be forwarded to you.I have just received a wire from Kenyon instructing me not to exceed a total expenditure of £4500, including Legrain's salary and travelling. As a matter of fact I estimate total expenses at about £4250, which is the figure I put down originally, and I do not expect to to exceed that. I hope that will be satisfactory.In reply to your wire asking when I should be leaving Ur, I can say, explaining my wire, that work will close down on Feb. 28, but I must allow anything up to eight days for final notes, packing etc. Then I may have to go to Basra, and must stop in Baghdad long enough to lecture. I go on to Aleppo, and must stop about a week on business connected with Carchemish, and from there shall travel home as quickly as possible, but can hardly expect to get to London before April 3. I suppose you were anxious about letters reaching me; after I have left here the best best temporary address will be c/o H.B.M. Consul Aleppo, and then the British Museum.All are very glad to carry on the work for another month.Yours sincerely,(signature) C. Leonard Woolley:
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UR. IRAQ.Jan. 31. 1926To the Director;Sir,I have the honour to report to you herewith on the work carried out by your Expedition during the month of January 1926.The number of men employed has been kept up to full strength, over two hundred, and although this is supposed to be the worst month of the winter only two and a half working days have been lost through high winds and dust-storms or rain. Mrs. Keeling returned from hospital on the first of the month and arrears in the drawings for the catalogue have been made good. The health of all members of the staff has been excellent.During the whole time all efforts have been concentrated on the excavation of the great Nin-Gal temple whose initial stages were described in my last report. The uppermost building on the site, dating from the Late Babylonian period, has been removed; it was so much ruined that only a part of its plan could be recovered and its character could not be ascertained. It yielded, besides much pottery and a fair number of tablets, a collection of unbaked clay figures placed under the brick pavements to avert evil spirits; there are representations of the god Papsugal, lion- and bird-headed demons, dogs, snakes etc., and though the condition of most of them was very bad and the modelling of the figures is rough, they form an interesting and original series far more complete, I believe, than has been found before.The next building, which I should assign to about the time of Sin-balatsu-ikbi (c. 650 B.C.), has also been entirely removed; its plan was complete but it contained very little of interest. The Kassite building beneath this was far larger:
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UR. Jan 18. 1925.Dear Gordon,I am sending you an article which I wrote for the \"Times\"; I hardly think that it is very suitable to the requirements of the American Press but as it deals in some measure with the results of the dig it ought to go to you as well as to England; I wrote it as one of the series of non-scientific articles which I am contributing to the \"Times\", and it turned out rather more scientific than I had expected! So I have sacrificed myself to the extent of having a photo of myself taken in the approved Press manner, posed as for work, and send that too to you in case you like to use it.All goes well; not much to report in the last fortnight, but the work is full of interest; it has been bitterly cold, but the weather is rapidly growing better and it is no longer a trial to be out of doors and a misery to be in.Yours sincerely,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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UR. Jan. 2. 1923To the Directorof the University Museum, Philadelphia.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you herewith the statement of the accounts of your Expedition for the month of December, 1922.As regards the individual items, I should like to remark that the amount of RS/ 1276/12 under heading C. is for a bill which by rights should have appeared in the accounts for November; it represents the bulk of the furniture bought for the house together with a considerable quantity of stuff which is for Expeditionary rather than personal use. The putting up of barbed wire around the house is also perhaps as much an Expeditionary as a house matter. Both are of course non-recurring charges.Mr. Lawrence's arrival has added £110 to my anticipated expenses.Average expenses work out at about £100 per week.My total expenditure to date has been about £1970, leaving a balance of £1030, out of which provision must be made for the necessarily heavy costs of the party's return to England and of the packing and freight of objects. I am afraid that on my budget it will be quite impossible to carry out the project of excavations at Tell el Obeid. On this point I await your reply to my letter of Dec.7.Good progress is being made with the dig. Weather has been exceptionally favourable, and there has been as yet no interuption whatever due to rain. At Christmas two days holiday were taken, but apart from this work has been continuous. Mr. A.W. Lawrence joined me on Dec. 29, and his help will be of great value. The health of all members of the staff during the month has been excellent. I hope to submit a report on the excavations about the middle of January.Trusting that my statement of accounts will meet with your approval, I have the honour to be, Sir, Your very obedient Servant,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley Director of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the University Museum of Pennsylvaniato Mesopotamia.:
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UR. March 3, 1925.To the Director,Sir, I have the honour to report to you as follows on the progress made by your Expedition during the month of February.Had I been obliged to close down work at the end of January, as I expected to do, the two sites on which we were then engaged would have been left unfinished and the results obtained from the work already done would have been unsatisfactorily incomplete. On receiving the assurance that sufficient funds would be forthcoming for another month's dig, I of course decided to carry on with the courtyard and surroundings of E-dublal-makh and to complete the excavation of the Nin-Gal temple in the south corner of the Ziggurat enclosure. I can now report that the E-dublal-makh complex has been cleared up, and that on the Nin-Gal site we have completed the excavation of the upper temple of Sin-balatsu-ikbi and that of a lower temple of the same goddess built by Kuri-galzu: it is gratifying to be able to inform you that these final stages of the work have yielded objects more important than any discovered in the previous stages, or indeed in the whole course of your excavations at Ur. On the Nin-Gal site, after completing the excavation of the Sin-balatsu-ikbi temple, the plan of which was thus finished as far as the condition of the building allowed, I dug down and at the depth of some five feet below the Neo-Babylonian floor found the remains of a temple also dedicated to Nin-Gal and built over the ruins of a still earlier building by Kuri-galzu. This temple was on a different plan from the upper work and was differently orientated, the main statue-base being on the NE instead of the SW side; only the courtyard, the well and the outer champers were reproduced by the Assyrian and Late Babylonian builders. The walls were not stan standing to any great height, but the entire plan was preserved not only of the temple itself but also of the service rooms round it and of the living-rooms and stores behind; it was interesting to find that here Nebuchadnezzar's Temenos Wall followed the lines of the older temple which was included within the sacred area, and that the outline of the older temenos could be determined by that of the Nin-Gal shrine. During the work of destruction we found below the walls and floor of the upper sanctuary thirteen cones of Sinbalatsu-ikbi recording the rebuilding of the temple; these cones, which were in perfect condition, are unique and give an entirely new text. Also under the floor was found a small but very fine head of a priest carved in diorite, a characteristic piece of the late Third dynasty. In the [indecipherable] statue-base of Kuri-galzu were found some small votive objects including a broken mud statuette inscribed with the name of the priest, fragments of inscribed gold leaf and a little plain silver tumbler; in the well-head were a number of bricks:
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UR. Mesopotamia.October, 1922.To the Editor of the \"Museum Journal\".Sir,I should like to call the attention of archaeologists to a very useful instrument now being manufactured by Messrs Norton and Gregory of London. This is a contour-metre primarily intended for measuring pots but equally capable of being employed for architectural details, mouldings, etc. Horizontal bars graduated in millimetres and set two centimetres apart sliding in a vertical rod give offset measurements to the surface of the object; the bars are kept in position by a form of universal lock, so that the instrument can be taken down and laid on the table without disturbing them; the readings are then dotted down on millimetre-squared paper, and the contour lines are sketched in between them. A very accurate drawing can thus be obtained in a fraction of the time required for taking separate measurements. Such an instrument will be of the greatest value both to field workers and to those museum curators who have to record and publish the objects in their charge.I am, Sir,Yours faithfully,[signature] C. Leonard WoolleyC. Leonard WoolleyDirector of the joint British Museum and Philadelphia Expedition to Mesopotamia.:
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UR.c/o Eastern Bank Ltd.,Basra, Iraq.December 17, 1922To the Director of the University Museum, Philadelphia.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you the enclosed report on the progress of the work of the Joint Expedition to Mesopotamia for the period between November 15, when I last sent in a report, and the 15th of the the present month.I feel justified in saying that the success obtained exceeds my expectations. We have certainly found more in the way of both historical information and of museum objects than is usual in a month's dig in this country. Owing to other work, my photography is rather behind-hand, but I hope that the few photographs sent may be considered to support my statement as to our success.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report and with the work of your Expedition.I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient servant,[signature] C. Leonard WoolleyDirector of the Joint Expedition of the British Museumand of the University Museum of Philadelphia toMesopotamia.:
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UR.c/o Eastern Bank, Ltd.Basra.Iraq.Dec. 6. 1922Dear Dr. Gordon,I am sending herewith a statement of accounts covering the period preliminary to our start from England and the first five weeks of work in Iraq. There is here a peculiar coincidence. In the absurdly rough estimate which I submitted to you and Kenyon in London, when I was allowing for four persons instead of three on the staff and had no idea of the cost of travelling or of living out here, the figures shewed that at the end of five weeks work I ought to have spent £1316; actually at the end of that time my accounts shew an expenditure of £1333. 4. 8½. This looks rather remarkable! As a matter of fact there is a bill outstanding of something like £50 for furniture etc., and I have not yet got my decauville railway. The latter ought not to cost very much (I have got the waggons for nothing) but it will rather spoil my prophecy and this will be further upset by the travelling expenses and, I imagine, salary of the new man now coming out.When Hunter failed me, - (I have just received your letter of Oct. 5, on the subject),- I wrote to you that though I had been most anxious to have a staff of four out with me, yet as we were on the point of starting and delay was inevitable, it seemed to me not worth while to send out anyone to replace him, unless indeed that could be done at once. I later said the same thing to Kenyon, who did not agree with me and said that he would write to you. As I heard no more definite news and time was going on, I assumed that I should have to go through the season with Newton and Smith only. Three days ago I got a letter from Kenyon saying that he was arranging that young Lawrence, if free, should join me later, and today I have a wire to the effect that he is to be expected on the 29th. Now I am short-handed and hard pressed with work, and naturally I welcome further help; but I admit that this new arrival makes me nervous on the financial side.Running expenses of the expedition are very much what I had foreseen; but apart from travelling the preliminary expenses had been underestimated by me, and there are incidental expenses out here on which I had not reckoned at all; - e.g., the armed guard, which costs £26 per month, the carriage of water, and the fact that the water when carried is so bad as not to be really fit for drinking, so that we have to get in soda-water for the purpose; and I seriously underestimated the cost of house-building (though I have built at not much more than one third of the estimate of the Public Works Dept. here.). If I am to carry out the original plan and do a small dig at Tel el Obeid, (where I certainly should expect to get fine objects) my budget will be insufficient. Tel el Obeid is eight miles further out in the desert, and not only we but all the men and water for all purposes will have to be carried out there; this means motor-service; and though I should hire and not buy, it cannot be done cheaply. At the present rate of going I could well do the five months of work planned by us; - at least I think I could. With Lawrence coming:
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UR.Dec. 13. 1923.Dear Gordon,Herewith two articles for the newspapers and four illustrations for the same dealing with the first month's work at Ur.The dig goes better than ever, and we have the most amazing things, a gold scaraboid of A-an-ni-pad-da, black and white inlay panels complete with figures of men and cattle and a picture of the original temple!, some dozen bull reliefs, bulls in the round, etc.; also 2 fine gate-sockets of the Third dynasty. It is all very hard work, and nervous work too, to get these things out in decent condition, for they are more than delicate, and they come out so fast one after the other or several at a time, that one has little opportunity to do justice to them, and I am much behindhand with cleaning and cataloguing. Don't say much about this till you get the next report with details and illustrations; but you can be sure that the dig is something more than a success.Yours sincerely,Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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UR.Dec. 31. 1923.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you the following report on the progress of your Expedition during the month of December 1923.Early in the month heavy rains interrupted the excavations at Tell el Obeid for two and a half days and at Ur for a day and a half; otherwise weather conditions have been remarkably favourable. This one brief interval was far from unwelcome, as it enabled us in some measure to catch up with the arrears of work in the house, which had become, and still are, serious. Christmas Day was observed as a holiday; the opportunity was taken to visit some of the small sites in the neighbourhood from which antiquities have been occasionally brought in to us. Otherwise work in the field has been continuous. At Ur the average number of men employed has been 120, Khalil id Jadur of Jerablus being foreman, assisted by Yahia, Hamoudi's son; Mr. Gadd and Mr. Fitzgerald have divided between them the supervision of this work, to which I have been able to give only occasional attention. At Tell el Obeid 60 men have been employed under Hamoudi, and I have been in regular charge throughout with assistance from either Mr. Gadd or Mr. Fitzgerald when such was required.The excavation of the SW face of the Ziggurat at Ur has been completed down to the later floor-levels (which are practically those of the Third dynasty) and no more will be done here prior to the arrival of Mr. Newton, whom I expect on January 15. A complex of chambers of a curious type has been laid bare, the buildings running right up the ziggurat face and occupying all the area between it and the Temenos wall. In the doorway of one of the chambers was found a good inscribed gate-socket of Bur-Sin, but this was the only object of importance unearthed in the course of the whole excavation; however, the work was undertaken with the full knowledge that objects were not likely to accrue, and the scientific results of the dig are fully adequate to the labour expended on it.I proposed to deal next with the NE. face of the building, where there is reason to hope that the staircase may be found leading to the top of the first stage of the tower; but was faced with considerable difficulty regarding the disposal of the rubbish. For the SW. face, a wadi breaching the line of the town wall had offered a convenient dumping-ground; but to carry thousands of tons of earth right round the ziggurat from the NE. side to this wadi would have doubled the expense of the work, and to the NE. the only low-lying ground was within the Temenos area, where buildings had certainly once stood, though another wadi has here too scoured out a channel which looked as if it might be below foundation-level. This was a tempting area for our dump; but I decided that before it was so used it should be tested to prevent the possible burial of antiquities beneath our own rubbish. Consequently trenches were dug across the low ground, and almost at once walls were encountered which seem to be those of a temple dedicated to the deified king Gimil-Sin; and it became necessary to clear this building before continuing our main task of clearing the ziggurat. This work is now in progress. Inscribed gate-sockets of Gimil-Sin and of Kuri-Galzu have been found in rooms bordering what seems to be the principal court of the temple. The temple itself appears to lie at the foot of a great terrace stretching up to the ziggurat; the containing-wall of the terrace is decorated with a double row of engaged columns built of brick which are standing to a considerable height and retain their mud plastering and whitewash. The excavation of this large building should not take very long, and may prove remunerative; in any case, it is of great interest, and is essential to the continuation of work on the ziggurat.:
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UR.Dec. 8. 1924.Dear Gordon,Herewith accounts. I am sorry that the season is likely to be so short, but that is no more than I foresaw from the start, and reported to you in the summer. We are doing very well, not getting so many antikas, but obtaining valuable results, and perhaps the antikas will follow later; today we had a very nice fragment of an early statue, about 2800 B.C., with a short inscription on the shoulder, and we are only just beginning to get down to the lower levels.Chiera proves to be a very pleasant fellow and is anxious to learn; he does not attempt to help much, but that is not to be expected as he is a visitor paying for his keep. All are well and enjoying the work.I have just received copies of my report in the \"Antiquaries' Journal\"; you will have had that long since, and I hope that you are pleased with it; the second report, on the Ziggurat, will appear in January.I am sending newspaper articles to through Kenyon, so as to arrange for simultaneous publication; two articles, one for general and one for special use.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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Ur.December 31. 1923.Dear Gordon,Herewith my December report, which ought to give satisfaction to your subscribers, as we have really done remarkably well; nothing like what we have been getting has ever before come out of Mesopotamia.Your letter from Egypt only reached me the other day, having been to England and back; the Bank had made a stupid blunder. I'm awfully sorry that we missed each other, and by so little. I should much have liked to hear your impressions of things out here, and am glad to learn that anyhow they were favourable. As to subscriptions, they certainly ought not to fall off, and such results as we are getting ought to bring in a good deal more. Of course the final proportion of objects that comes to Philadelphia is not large, but I hope that you were satisfied with your share last season, and am sure that this time, when we have so much of a sort, you will come off well. The better of our things are most wonderful Museum pieces.We have a most pleasant camp here; Gadd and Fitzgerald are both excellent fellows, and I only hope that the second may be inclined to come out again next year; Gadd, I suppose, will be kept for work in the museum.Am frightfully busy, so won't write more. Best of luck, and please give my regards to Mr. Harrison, and also to Miss McHugh.Yours sincerely,Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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UR.December 31. 1926.To the Director.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you my report on the work of your Expedition during the month of December.The arrival of Mr. Whitburn on Dec. 8th brought the staff up to full strength and made possible a better division of labour: the plans of the houses already excavated had been drawn up, but he found plenty to do in the way of further plans and sections of the buildings. The number of men employed has been maintained at 150; at the beginning of the month an attempt at a strike for higher wages resulted in a partial change of personnel, but I did not think it wise to increase the numbers, which were quite sufficient for the work then in hand and for our present work are almost undesirably large. Weather conditions have been on the whole good; there has been little rain, and though on one occasion high winds stopped all digging and fairly severe cold has now set in, there has been very little interruption of work. I regret to say that Father Burrows in the first half of the month had an attack of jaundice which disabled him for the moment, but it was not so severe as to necessitate his removal to hospital and he made a good recovery, though the effects may not have passed away altogether as yet; the health of other members of the staff has been good.Work during the month has been of a discursive character, partly owing to the requirements of our programme, partly owing to the non-arrival of a case from London containing drawing materials which were essential for the proper working of certain sites; but I do not think that the results have been any the less satisfactory.At the time of my last report we were working on the site between E-Harsag and the Gig-Par-Ku and also on a trench between E-Harsag and the SE wall of the Temenos.:
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UR.December 6th. 1925.To the Director,Sir,I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statement of the accounts of your Expedition for the month of November 1925.It will be noticed that the total exceeds by nearly £150 that for the corresponding month of last year, but this increase is partly due to the difference in the salaries item, - last year there was no architect, and my own salary has been increased,- and partly to the building of a new wing to the expedition house and the repairs to the old building which after three years were urgently needed, whereas last year no work of the sort was undertaken. The expenses under the head of \"Various Expedition expenses\" appear greater only because the present to the sheikh which figures in this account was entered last year in the accounts for another month. The cost of living expenses is really heavier, but in the absence of vouchers which have not yet been returned to me I have been obliged to put down to this month charges which would have been more fairly distributed over a longer space; I hope that this item will be better balanced by future accounts. On the other hand I should like to point out that though we are employing 50 men more than last year, and the month's accounts include five weeks' wages, the total is actually £20 less than last November's; the building account - though here there is an outstanding account to settle - is well within my estimate of £75, as are also the \"Various\" expenses. I might further remark that the living expenses include food not only for the staff but for the kitchen servants, chauffeur, three foremen and messenger. Trusting that you will be satisfied with these accounts, I have the honour to be, Sir, Your very obedient Servant C Leonard Woolley:
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UR.Feb. 17. 1923Dear Dr. Gordon, The enclosed report was being prepared for despatch when I received today your letter of Jan 10, and also the Museum Journal, for which many thanks. You will see from the report that work in the field is over; Miles Bell is coming here in two days' time to effect the division of objects, and I hope to have all packed and to be away from the site in some ten days. I may well have to go to Basra to see about the shipment of things; there will be a good deal of stuff.My report includes a pretty detailed list of important inscribed objects. Of course I have no idea which of the things will be taken by Baghdad, but I think that this list should be most useful for the division between you and the B.M.; you will be able to see what is most essential for the Philadelphia collections and so to have a guide when it comes to the choice.I cannot give any address that will find me other than my home address in Bath, where I expect to arrive about the beginning of April. I hope that by that time you will have made some arrangement with Kenyon about preliminary notices of the dig; my usual procedure with B.M. work has been, at the end of a season, to put a summary report, about one column long, in the \"Times\" and an illustrated article in the \"Illustrated London News\". Would you wish the same thing to be done with the:
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UR.Feb. 26. 1923.To the Director of the University Museum, Philadelphia.Sir,I have the honour to report to you, in corroboration of my cable message despatched from here on the 22nd inst., that work at Ur has been definitely closed down. On Feb. 18th I had received a letter from Dr. Gordion recommending me to adjust my work to the funds already provided; these funds were exhausted [?anxd?] and since there seemed no prospect of obtaining more I stopped the work and arranged for the distribution of objects with the Iraq government. This division was effected on the 21st inst. On the 22nd I received your cable enquiring as to funds and suggesting the possibility of more being available. It was clear that digging could only be resumed, if at all, after a week's further delay at least; the Dept. of Antiquities would not welcome the recasting of their division once made; my men had dispersed to work in the fields, and after a very mild winter the weather was already becoming unseasonably hot. Therefore I decided to cable as I did that the season must be regarded as definitely closed. Mr. Smith has already left on his way home; most of my packing is done, and I expect that the rest of the party will leave the site not later than March 4th.Arrangements have been made for the safeguarding of the expedition house and of the site during our absence. The more valuable part of the stock will be stored at Basra, the remainder left in the house. An inventory of the stock will be drawn up.On Feb. 23 our whole party visited Tell el Obeid; some interesting objects were collected; as to the site, if my deductions as to its character are correct, as I believe them to be, it is the most important yet found in south Mesopotamia.:
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UR.Feb. 3. 1924.Dear Gordon,Enclosed with this comes my report for January. The articles for the Press will reach you very little later; I have sent them on through Kenyon, as that seems to be the easiest way of securing simultaneous publication.All goes well here. At present the weather is bad, but up to now there has been very little stoppage of work, and as we have had a big gang engaged all the time, the funds are running sensibly low. I shall not be able to clear the two ends of the ziggurat, as I had originally proposed to do, but this will not interfere with the plan and reconstruction being completed this year, and really the two ends are better left until such time as we are excavating the buildings in those parts.I expect to get away from here quite early in March, possibly by the first of the month; and that brings up the question whether you will be expecting me to come over and lecture in Philadelphia. There is of course material for two, or three , full lectures, one on Tell el Obeid, and on Ur one or two according as you wanted to confine the thing to this season's results or to treat the dig as a whole, which to me seems the better course. If you should decide that I ought to come, cable me c/o Ardia basra, Code A.B.C. 5th ed. I ought to be able to get to America by about April 5. If you do settle on this, please:
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UR.February. 2. 1923.To the Directorof the University Museum of PennsylvaniaSir,I have the honour to enclose the accounts of Your expedition for the month of January, 1923. You will observe that I have had to pay a large sum (£100) in freight for the light railway presented to the Expedition by the Iraq Railways; apart from this, my expenses have been normal and fall approximately within the limits of my original estimate. The overhead expenses, i.e., salaries, living expenses and purchases for the house, are not, I consider, disproportionate to the expenditure on the digging proper.My accounts have now been as follows;-Up to November 31, 1922, £1333 4 8½ For December 1922 656 2 11 For January 1923 514 9 9 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Total £2483 17 4½Clearly therefore, as I have to allow on a fairly generous scale for the cost of travelling home for the four members of staff, very little remains of my original grant of £3000. Unless I hear within the next few days that that grant is to be increased, I must close down the work for the season. I should be sorry to do this, as the weather is at its best for digging and I have now got together a fairly capable gang of workmen; moreover the prospects for the immediate future are in my opinion excellent. The last fortnight, since my report was sent in to You, has been unusually fruitful; a whole series of important inscriptions has been found, and for the first time we have secured sculpture on a big scale. In my opinion there is a very good chance of several more statues being found if the work could be continued for another three weeks. Consequently I sincerely:
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UR.Iraq.Feb.1. 1926.Dear Gordon,Herewith I send in my report for January, with a lot of illustrations; you will see that we are having a really splendid season. The newspaper articles have as usual gone to Kenyon, who will send them on to you with arrangements as to date of publication. I must warn you that I have been unable to strike off in time prints of photos for the newspapers; we are having an orgy of photography just now, as the temple is getting cleaned up and every part of it has to be recorded; consequently there has been no time for making many duplicate prints, & I must ask you to supply the newspapers for the undecipherable prints which accompany this.Miss Bell comes here next Wednesday for a visit, but the division of spoil will of course not take place till after the end of work, i.,e., till well on in March. But already I am dreading that miserable time. This year we have so much stuff that at the worst we shall come off well, but I am nervous about some of the best things. I am sure that we must reconcile ourselves to the loss of the Bau statue, but if in place of it I can only secure the head with blue eyes and the early plaque found this month we shall really have the better of the bargain.We are greatly enjoying the Victrola, which is a wonderfully fine instrument; and you need not fear that Legrain is the only one to appreciate it! Personally I cannot stick jazz, but the instrumental pieces, cell and violin, and the operas, give me very great pleasure. And you would be pleased to see how delighted Hamoudi is with the Arabic records (I think them horrible!), and with the recognition of himself which they imply.All goes well, and I can only hope that the rest of the season will not fall short of its record up to date. All send regards. Please remember undecipherable me kindly to Miss MacHugh, and also to Mr. Harrison. Yours sincerely,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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UR.IRAQ.February 23, 1927.Sir,I have the honour to report to you on the closing weeks of the season's work of your Expedition here.As I announced in my letter of February 6th, the funds at my disposal did not allow of digging being carried on after the 19th of the month, and I accordingly closed down on that date; the number of men employed had slightly decreased but there were still rather more than a hundred in the gang, and on the date fixed all of these were dismissed with the exception of about ten who were engaged on a patch of ground so productive that I considered it impossible to stop work until it had been thoroughly excavated: this was done by Monday the 21st, and field work ten came to a definite end. On the same day the Hon. Director of Antiquities and the Advisor to the Ministry of Education arrived from Baghdad for the division of antiquities between the Expedition and the Iraq Government: this division has now been concluded and I can report on it as well as on the results of the last weeks' work.I am happy to say that the period has been one of unexampled success. The graves have proved more productive than ever - by the end of the season 585 had been dug - and I might summarise the character of the work by remarking that no single working day between January 22 and February 21 failed to produce gold objects of greater or of less importance. The gain in scientific knowledge was no less marked. [Note: a penciled bracket opens here with the number \"22\" in the margin] As the clearing of the cemetery proceeded the stratification of the graves became more obvious, thanks to the different configuration of the soil in antiquity, and it was possible to obtain a relative dating which, though it ag-29:
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UR.IRAQ.February 6. 1926.Dear Gordon,There is one point in the accounts which I am now sending in to which I ought to draw your attention. In the bill submitted by our Basra agents, Messrs. F.C. Strick & Co., there are items for the clearing from customs and forwarding the Victrola and the books sent by you which total Rs.68.As.5., say £5.10.10. I have entered this in the account now submitted, but I do not feel at all sure that this can legitimately be regarded as an Expedition expense. Would you please settle the point? Should you wish to take this as part of your Christmas present would you refund the amount to the Expedition, or, the staff can share it, or, it can remain as entered now against the general fund.All goes well. I am for the most part working to clear up details of the plans of the older buildings on the Nin-Gal site, removing what absolutely must be removed of the later work and getting down thus to the lower levels: but even this work is not necessarily unremunerative, and only yesterday we got a very fine small female head in basalt which well pays for a week spent on purely scientific digging, and a fifth foundation-deposit of Dungi turned up with the usual copper figure and an (uninscribed) tablet.The Victrola continues to give great pleasure, and though I have not myself had time yet to take up a book some of the others have been enjoying them.I expect to carry on work until either the 6th of March or the 13th, according to the way the money goes and the requirements of the site.Yours sincerely,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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UR.IRAQ.February 6. 1926.To the Director,Sir,I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statement of the expenditure incurred by your Expedition during the month of January 1926 and trust that it will meet with your approval:and I remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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UR.Iraq.Jan. 11. 1926.To the Director,Sir, I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statement of the expenditure incurred by your Expedition during the month of December 1925. Owing to the fact that there are five pay-days included in the month, the total is rather heavier than usual; on the other hand, the proportion of actual wages to other expenses is greater than in most months and the apparent increase is therefore not due to extravagance; and it should be remembered that I am this year employing more men than ever before. In my letter of December 6th I pointed out that the item for food-stuffs during November was unduly large and expressed the hope that this would be balanced by future accounts; in my present account the same item is only some £32. 3. 2., (as against £64 for November), so that a satisfactory average has been obtained. The total expenditure incurred to date is well within the limits of my estimate as drawn up in the summer, and should allow of a full season's work on the same scale as at present lasting up to the middle of March. Should the work seem to demand a smaller gang I might reduce the numbers employed and effect a certain saving on the estimates, but at present I see no advantage in so doing. Trusting that you will be satisfied with the enclosed statement, I have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant, C Leonard WoolleyDirector of the Joint Expedition.:
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UR.Iraq.Jan. 17. 1926.Dear Gordon,The enclosed will I think speak for itself, but I might add to it that Legrain is in thorough agreement with me, and that we both feel that a move ought to be made this summer, which means that preliminary steps should be taken before that, and I trust that by the time we get back to England you will have fixed up something with Kenyon. The dig goes very well; our lates big finds are two bronze coffins, unique, and a diorite statue of a seated goddess, complete, which is our first intact statue from Ur and the first complete female figure from the country. I am sure that at the division Baghdad will take the statue, but in that case we ought to get the bulk of the other good things, and really there are other things which if not so obviously impressive are yet just as good as the statue, and when the inevitable happens we shall not do badly, though I shall put up an ad misericordiam howl!Our new temple is splendid, its ruins quite imposing and the preservation of the many altars and stela bases remarkable and lending itself to a fine restoration. I should say that architecturally the results are as important as any we have got in previous seasons, and as for objects we have done extremely well and already, though only a little more than half the season has gone, could make an exhibition which would beat last year's. With best regards, in which Legrain joins, Your sincerely, [signature] C Leonard Woolley:
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UR.Iraq.Jan. 17. 1926.To the Director;Sir,In the course of last season I raised the question of the advisability of [?] publishing at an early date the cuneiform texts found in the course of these excavations. At that time the subject did not appear very urgent, and it was therefore allowed to drop; but I venture to think that it ought now to be taken up seriously. I would urge the following reasons for early publication:-1) the close of this season will leave us with material ample for a fairly large volume;2) much of this material is already in order for publication; to complete it, a certain amount of collaboration is necessary between the three cuneiform scholars responsible, and such could best be effected next summer when Dr. Legrain will be passing through London: it might be very difficult to arrange after his return to America;3) a decision to hold up the publication of texts until the end of the work at Ur on the grounds that so we should have a more manageable historical conspectus, would enormously complicate the task of collaboration;4) as soon as the publication of our achaeological material begins (which will I hope be soon ) constant references to the texts on which our results are based will be necessary, and it would not be right to refer to texts which might not be published until years afterwards;5) the copyright of a certain amount of our material is almost certain to be lost to us in time: the Baghdad Museum reserves the right to sell duplicates of objects falling to its share from the excavations (it has already sold unpublished:
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UR.Iraq.January 25. 1926Dear Gordon,The Victor machine arrived today, and I am wiring to you news of the fact and now write to thank you in the name of us all for the very handsome present. I hope that it wonât have a disastrous result on our work! but I must admit that on this its first evening the time has not been spent as studiously as is our wont; instead of the usual routine whereby everyone goes off after tea and again after dinner to his own retreat to work in solitude, there has been a general congregation in the study where by the light of a shaded lamp we have been listening to the kind of thing we have not had a chance of hearing for months. Really it is an excellent machine, and the choice of records is very good and there seems to be something for all moods: and already we have had Hamoudi in to listen to the Arab tunes which excoriate our ears and delight his, and I can add his thanks to those of the rest of us.You will have been worried at the long delay in the arrival of your gift: I believe it did actually reach Basra on the first of the month, but in spite of my letters both to the Expedition agents and to the consignee firm we could get no news of it until Whitburn happened to go to Basra and look up the matter in person. We were growing most impatient too, for it was tantalising to think that it must be in the country and yet not to get it, but at least it is all the more welcome now that it has come.I shall be sending you a new report on the work by the next Overland mail, and there are good things to report; we are having a wonderfully rich season, and there is plenty more work to do and I hope plenty more to find in the way of good objects â but I wonât anticipate official news!All are well here and send regards and thanks, for the Victrola and for the books.Yours sincerely,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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UR.Iraq.January 7, 1927To the Director;Sir,I have the honor to submit to you herewith the statement of the accounts of your Expedition for the month of December 1926.The increase in the total as against that of November is partly due to the inclusion in the current month of five pay-days, partly to the travelling expenses and salary of Mr. Whitburn. The increase under the heading of \"Living expenses\" is more apparent than real, being largely due to the fact that the Baghdad bill is that for the two months; the November account was rendered too late to be included in my statement for that month, and the Ur bill also includes the whole of the November meat account, for the same reason. The average cost of living for the two months is rather less than the average for the last year.I regret the heavy cost of spares and repairs for the car. The car, which was a war derelict purchased for 20 pounds off a waste dump, has rendered good service for nearly four years, but it has now almost reached the stage when its upkeep becomes uneconomical, and I fear that it will not outlive this season and that next year I shall have to replace it by something less antique. In my report I spoke of the cost in \"baksheesh\" involved by the finding of numerous gold and other valuable objects; the weekly payments to the men will illustrate the working of this. But I must repeat that the results are more than worth while. Trusting that you will be satisfied by this statement, I have the honor to be, Sir, Your very obedient Servant, [signed] C. Leonard Woolley:
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UR.Iraq.March 7. 1926.Dear Gordon,Herewith come the report and the accounts for February. The report may sound a little thin after the rich months with preceded it, but really we have got good results and could well afford a month less fertile in objects. Now the season is almost at an end; I am working for the last fortnight on a mound lying outside the area of the Temenos proper, testing the ground with a view to seeing whether or not it is the right place to make the main objective of next season. Digging shuts down on the 13th: on the 12th Miss Bell comes here for the division of spoil, a nervous day for me, but I trust that we shall come out of it well, and on Sunday we start packing.I feel tolerably certain that Baghdad will take the complete statue, and in some ways I hope they will, for though it is far the [undecipherable] most valuable thing from the financial point of view it is really ugly and not nearly so important as at least two other things which, if the statue goes, I shall do my best to secure. In prospect I have made a mould of the statue so as to have plaster casts for you and for London. And I shall try to bring back moulds of any other first-class things that go to Baghdad.I mean to go to Hillah from Baghdad and settle up your business as asked.I expect to be in Baghdad for a few days as Miss Bell is anxious that I should stop and give her advise as to the arrangement of her new museum; but I mean to reach England by the time the antiquities get there and shall then be hard at work on them. There is also the Tell el Obeid book to push on.Yours sincerely,[signature] C. Leonard WoolleyPS. Kenyon will forward newspaper articles:
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UR.Iraq.Nov. 6. 1927.Dear Miss McHugh,I was very glad to get your letter of Oct 5 telling me about the despatch of funds and the arrangements for further payments; this is eminently satisfactory, and I have just heard from the Bank at Basra that the first installment has reached them. I am also glad that my accounts for last season are all right.On the other hand I am much distressed, as we all are here, to learn of Dr. Harrison's illness; that he should be away from the Museum at all is a serious loss, and if he should fail to recover it would be a real disaster. I have the greatest admiration for him, and you who have worked with him for so long must feel things ever so much more then a person like myself who has not seen him for many years. I do hope that the doctors' fears may not be justified.Here we have started well. Last Friday, a day cut short by the worst sandstorm I have seen since 1923, was the first day of the season on which we did not find some gold object of other. Up to the present the things have rather tended XXX to repeat last year's finds and there has not been anything which after last year can be called sensational, but we are doing:
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UR.Iraq.November 11. 1926.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you the accounts of your Expedition for the period between July 1st and October 31st 1926.The first item, being the overdraft of last season as against my estimate and according grant, I have entered here in the absence of instructions to the contrary; I do not know whether it will be met by a special grant or whether it is to be included in this year's accounts. Making allowance for this item, the expenses as a whole are virtually the same as last year, seeing that Mr. Whitburn's travelling expenses will not come in till next month.Payments to Messrs. Mallowan and Whitburn, which do not figure in last year's accounts, were duly authorized. The item for payment to guards is subject to correction when detailed accounts shall be received from the Paymaster General.Payments to Miss Paterson and to Messrs. Flemming were for work arising from the expedition, not really part of the excavation expenses, but necessary if the two Museums were to be in possession of full records of results; part of the latter was for prints for the making of blocks for my annual report in the Antiquaries' Journal.Trusting that you will approve my financial statement,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signed] C. Leonard Woolley:
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UR.Jan. 3. 1925Dear Gordon,Herewith come the accounts and the report, the latter of which at any rate will, I hope, give you some pleasure, for we have had a good month. Newspaper articles have been sent off by the same post to Kenyon, who will forward them to you so as to secure simultaneous publication. One thing is not quite as it should be; there has not been time to print all the photos required, so I am asking you to supply from the illustrations sent with this report any subjects you like to have reproduced in the papers with the articles; as I shall be sending you from London a complete set of prints (which will be better too than we can well produce here) what I suggest will not result in any gap in your records. I know that Kenyon will not at all mind any photos coming out on your side which have not been published at the same time in England.By the time you get this you will also have received the provisional report on the Ziggurat; I hope that you will appreciate that as well as the other on Tell el Obeid which has already appeared. These reports have quite a ready sale in this country, and we make a little money for the Expedition out of them.No progress to report as to the statues. The owner is in a deadly funk of the Government, and though I should not do anything that was not approved by the Govt., yet he is afraid none the less and dare not as yet produce the goods; he is waiting , and tells me that I shall have the refusal of them when he can safely dig them up.I never heard from you about the other statues etc., which I wrote about from Aleppo. If you should wish me to take any steps in that matter you should write to me c/o H. B. M. Consul, Aleppo, putting on the envelope \"To await Arrival\", for it might be too late for a letter to find me here.All very busy. Large numbers of tablets being found and every prospect of quantities more. Legrain send salaams, and wishes you to know that he drinks your health, in whiskey, regularly!Yours sincerely,[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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Ur.Jan. 4. 1924.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statement of accounts for the month of December 1923, and hope that they will meet with your approval. As in my last statement, I have had to note that the rate of exchange adopted is arbitrary and will have to be modified when I can ascertain from the Bank the rate allowed on my original Basra deposit; that on the new deposit of £1500 is only Rs14 to the £sterling. Up till recently I had been under the impression that the rate of Rs15 = £1st., fixed by the Indian Government for the purposes of calculating official salaries, was also the bank rate of exchange; the error cost me last season about £100, and I cannot afford to repeat it, though it leaves my accounts for the moment in an unfinished condition.I am also sending you articles for publication in the Press, and hope that they may be distributed as before.Work has now been closed down at Tell el Obeid, and its conclusion raises the question of the final publication of results. The temple and the tombs of that site are ample material for a good volume. I take it that the results of the Expedition will be published in a series of volumes brought out as occasion offers, and will not be held over till the end of all work at Ur. I take it too that there will be a series of volumes dealing with the excavations proper, and side by side with this a series containing the inscriptional material which in the excavation volumes would be utilised for historical purposes but would not be fully published in the scientific sense.As regards the excavation volumes, we have, as I have said, enough material from Tell el Obeid to form a good volume, and owing to its early date and owing to its early date and its intimate connection with the First Dynasty of Ur this material would form an ex-:
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UR.January 16. 1923.To the Directorof the University Museum, PhiladelphiaSir,I have the honour to submit to you the enclosed report on the work of your Expedition during the last month, and hope that it will meet with your approval.The health of your Staff has been consistently good and local conditions continue favourable. I have, as on former occasions, to acknowledge the generous assistance of the officials of the British administration with whom my work has brought me into contact. The financial question, about which I have already sent you my report, is the only one which causes me any anxiety.In illustration of my archaeological report I enclose a number of photographs which may, I hope, witness to the success of this month's excavations.And I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant[signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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UR.January 29. 1927.To the Director,Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the results of the work done by your Expedition during the past month.Father Burrows returned from hospital to Ur on the 16th of the month and was able to start working again at once; since then the staff has been at full strength, and I am thankful to say that the health of all its members has been good. Weather conditions, though sometimes trying, have been on the whole not unfavourable, and very little working time has been lost. The number of men employed on the excavations has been maintained at about 140, a number amply sufficient for the nature of the work on which we are engaged. We have had a good many visitors, amongst them H. E. the High Commissioner for Iraq, who spent a day here last week; the interest taken by people is gratifying, but imposes rather a tax on our time. From the Royal Air Force I have obtained on loan, and hope to acquire, a number of excellent air photographs of the buildings and a complete air survey of the site, which is likely to be of great service. At the beginning of the month a little work was done on the south west and the south east sides of Ziggurat, work which has yet to be completed; what was done threw much light on the surroundings of the Ziggurat at different periods and brought to light part of the system of drainage executed by Ur-Engur. I hope to finish this excavation before the end of the present season.The rest of the time has been devoted to the further excavation of the early cemetery described in my last report. As the best graves lie at a depth of as much as six metres from the surface the work entailed is heavy, slow and sometimes dangerous;- I regret to say that today a fall of earth buried two men of whom one was:
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UR.January 31. 1925To the Director,Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the progress made by your Expedition here during the month of January.The weather has been favourable on the whole, only some three working days having been lost owing to cold or wet, though on some days bitter windshave lessened the men's efficiency not a little and have made our own work of note-taking and planning far from pleasant. An average number of 165 men have been employed.The health of the members of your staff has been uniformly good.In my last report I stated that field work would have to be closed down at the end of this month owing to the exhaustion of the funds available, and I therefore proposed to do no more than finish up so far as possible the sites on which I was already engaged. Early in January I ventured to put out an appeal in the name of the British Museum for subscriptions which might enable me to prolong the season, and it soon became clear that I might modify the programme which I had perforce adopted; now I am glad to inform you that the response has been so generous that the amount locally raised for the British Museum, together with a corresponding sum from the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania - a sum which I understand has actually been advanced - will enable the excavations to go on till the end of February: your Expedition will thus put in a season of normal length such as was foreseen in my original estimate. I trust that I shall meet with the approval of the Trustees of the British Museum if I thank in their name those whose initiative has so benefited the common work.During January digging has been confined to two sites, the E-dublal-mah and the south angle of E-temen-ni-il, where I expected to find a fortress of the Neo-Babylonian period.E-dublal-mah and the E-gig-par of NabonidusIn my last report I described the E-gig-par or convent built by Nabonidus for the High Priestess his daughter; further work on this site has shewn that its area was far greater than was then suspected, and we have now, in spite of the ruined condition of the buildings, a plan, virtually complete, of a complex measuring over 100 metres long by 50 metres wide. Beyond the courtyard with its surrounding range of office buildings described in my last report, there stretches a large rectangle occupied by what are clearly residential quarters, each house consisting of a square court with four or five rooms opening on to it; one of these was presumably the house of the High Priestess.The whole of this extensive building was excavated and planned, and we then proceeded to dig below it to the deeper levels. We have now laid bare the greater part of a large but less extensive building originally built by the Lars king but in its present form representing the work of Kuri-galzu. Surrounding the low courtyard which stretches in front of E-dublal-(mah):
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UR.January 31. 1933.Ten years ago, by its work at the outlying site of al 'Ubaid, the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania established the historic character of those kings of the First Dynasty of Ur who ruled the land about 3000 B.C.; before that discovery only their names were known and were looked on as those of mythical heroes. But at Ur itself very few records of them had come to light. Last winter we found a building which proved that in their day there was a Ziggurat tower standing where the ruins of the Ziggurat of 2300 B.C. stand now; but the building itself was too ruined to possess much intrinsic interest or to do much credit to its authors. This season we are continuing our researches into the earliest history of this focus of the city's worship and on the south-east side of king Ur-Engur's vast staged tower are digging down into its supporting platform to discover what may remain under the mass of brickwork beneath which he buried the monuments of his predecessors. Already we have unearthed the greater part of a large building of the First Dynasty.The Ziggurat of 3000 B.C., which we shall never see, because it is sheathed in the massive walls of Ur-Engur's reconstruction, rose in the middle of a lofty walled platform itself constructed over the ruins of still older times; the north and east corners of the platform were occupied by temples dedicated to the Moon god and it is with one of these, that in the east corner, xx that we are now concerned. Ruined though it is, and not only were the walls razed by later builders but a cloudburst has swept across the site and washed away much of what they spared, yet its ground-plan gives at once an impression of spaciousness and dignity:
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UR.March 4. 1924.Sir, I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statement of the accounts of you Expedition for the month of February 1924, trusting that you will approve the same.And I have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]DirectorJoint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia:
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UR.March 8. 1924.Sir,I have the honour to report to you on the close of the field work of your Expedition.Today the whole working gang was paid off, and this evening the three foremen from Jerblus were sent away. The packing of the antiquities is well advanced, and I hope to take them all down to Basra on Tuesday next; in this connection I should like to express my thanks to the Royal Air Force, which has supplied gratis the many packing-cases required, thus saving the Expedition a very heavy item of expense. As the clearing of the Ziggurat has been carried on up to the last moment, Mr. Newton has naturally not been able to complete all the plans and sections, or even to record all the material for the same; consequently the Staff of the Expedition are stopping on here for about another week and will not leave Baghdad until March 19./I have arranged to give a public lecture in Baghdad on the season's work. On March 2nd nearly one hundred people, British and native, from Basra and the northern towns of the Persian Gulf paid a visit to Ur; in spite of a violent sandstorm they expressed themselves as highly pleased with their view of the site and of the objects found in the course of the season's work. I am sure that the general interest aroused by such visits will be greatly to the advantage of your Expedition, which must depend in no small degree on the good will of the officials and the people.[There is an indication in the left margin that the entire following paragraph regarding the division of objects should be OMITted]The division of objects, however painful in process, was not, I think, so unfavourable to ourselves as I had feared. The Iraq Government have taken the gold scaraboid of A-an-ni-pad-da and the inlay panel with the milking scene but have contented themselves with only two of the copper bulls, and we obtain the foundation tablet of A-an-ni-pad-da and the other inscription of stone mentioning his name, the best of the inlay panels of bulls (Baghdad takes a badly damaged piece with 4 bulls, leaving two panels of five and six bulls respectively and some 4 bulls without background), all but one of the duck inlay pieces, the well-head, the plaque of a human-headed bull, 4/5 of the inlay columns, ten more or less complete copper bulls, and, for what they are worth, the two statues of copper bulls in the round. Of the Tell el Obeid objects, Baghdad takes the best (and complete) painted vase, we have fragments which will make up about 12 vases; we have a type series of plain pottery, half of the stone vases and of the beads, and the bulk of the copper implements and vessels. We have the two best gate-sockets from Ur, and the fragment of a head from a Third Dynasty diorite statue. Of the Diqdiqqah objects, I surrendered the bulk of the cylinder seals, which have small value for London or Philadelphia, and kept the whole series of terra-cottas, which are of far greater importance, and the beads, including some 500 gold beads. Certainly we retain a very fine collection of objects.Since my last report, all work has been centred on the Ziggurat, the clearing of whichhas, thanks to the addition made to my grant, been more thorough than had seemed probable. No more has been done on the SW side, where we had already dug down below the Nabonidus level. On the NE front the three staircases have been exposed and the ground level was first cleared down to the floor of the Nabonidus period , and this was removed and the level carried down to that of Adad-aplu-iddina, a king of the Fourth Dynasty of Babylon, little known from his monuments, who carried out certain repairs on the Ziggurat and in the court-yard building below. The SE end was cleared as far as the Nabonidus level and the NW end practically the same, but here it was not advisable to go lower as we [?]:
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UR.March 9. 1925Dear Gordon, Herewith reports and accounts; two newspaper articles have been sent by this same mail to Kenyon for transmission to you. I write in the train on my way up with the others to Baghdad, the work being over, antiquities picked and despatched, and the house shut up today. Now you will see that there is good reason to be pleased with the results of the season; the great stela is a masterpiece and would be the glory of any museum; what it would be worth in the market heaven knows, but certainly it has paid the cost of the expedition up to date. As I said in the report, I am sure that the small fragment found two years ago showing the feet of a man, a ladder and a wall, belong to the stela; and I believe this is in Philadelphia: would you be so good as to have a plaster cast made of that fragment and sent over to me at the Museum to help me reconstruct the scene? I have a fair number of similar small pieces and some of them might fit on; and I should like to get down to this as soon as my cases reach London. There is a piece in Baghdad which may belong too; I'll make a cast of that, and whichever museum gets the whole stone might effect an exchange with Baghdad for that piece (if it does belong) so as to complete. I'll write again later. Greetings from Legrain and myself. Yours sincerely,Leonard Woolley:
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UR.Nov. 16. 1922To the Director,of the University Museum, Philadelphia.Interim Report on the Progressof the Mesopotamian Expedition.On my return from Bagdad to Ur, as mentioned in my last report, I engaged men and started work on the new house for the Expedition and began a trial trench on the site. As it was impossible to carry on any work at Ur from the railway buildings where we had been accommodated, we put up tents on the far edge of the flat plain which lies between the railway and the mounds and on Nov. 6th moved out to these. In addition to our household servants we had a guard of five men supplied by the local sheikh; but as the latter was hoping to obtain the loan of government rifles the men were sent unarmed.In the small hours of the night of Nov. 7 - 8 our camp was attacked by six men armed with rifles; one of our guards was killed and a great deal of our belongings, mostly personal effects, stolen. The robbers have since been arrested and much of the stolen stuff recovered; but about fifty pounds worth of stuff, including the sum of £30 in Turkish gold, has either disappeared or been damaged beyond repair. I trust that you will agree that this loss should be borne by the Expedition and not laid to the charge of the members of the staff concerned. Since that night the camp has been guarded by an increased number of men; but as this meant a serious outlay in wages and as the arrest of the robbers has certainly minimised the likelihood of a second attack, I have now reduced the guard to five again. I hope that in a week the Expedition will be installed in a solidly built house where the risk will be practically nil, though a guard will still be required.On my way out here I had drawn up, with Mr. Newton, plans for an Expedition house which I hoped that I might be able to build for about £150. On my arrival here I found that certain necessary items were more expensive locally than I had been led to believe, and in Bagdad P. W. D. officials assured me that the cost would be more like £750, a sum which appeared to me quite unjustifiable on my budget. I started work in the hopes that £200 would see the work finished; but I soon found that owing to the difficulty given local conditions, of giving proper supervision to the building without wholly neglecting the archaeological work, it would be better to let the work out on contract even at a slightly enhanced price. I accordingly made a contract with a native whereby the house is to be built and finished by Nov. 22 for the sum of £200, but as I supply the bricks (taken from the ruins) the actual price will be something above this. Good progress is being made, and I hope that we shall move in to date without having to put in force the forfeit incurred by the contractor in case of delay. The house will comprise 14 rooms and a separate guard-house, and should afford all the accommodation likely to be required by the Expedition for some time to come. The Iraq Railways have presented us with eight decauville trucks, and I hope soon to have lines for the same.:
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UR.Nov. 16. 1924.Dear Gordon,Herewith first reports. All goes well. I should like to thank the University Museum for sending out so delightful a companion as well as so excellent a scholar as is Legrain; it is a great pleasure to work with him.During the summer the natives at Tello hit upon a hoard of Sumerian statues. The Government has been trying to set hand upon them, but without success, and I have arranged with the authorities that I may try to secure and that are going, and shall be given permission to export. Actually I am on the track of three, two pretty large, headless but inscribed, one small and intact. I suppose that if I secure them you would like to come in with the British Museum into the bargain? I do not know what they will cost (if I get them at all), but hope that they will be cheap - mthe complete figure should not be more than £300, and the others less. I should buy out of my own funds, but as those are limited should probably cable to you, and if you agreed would you please put cash directly to my account at the Oxfors branch of the Westminster Bank? I know that I'm well overdrawn already, and a few hundreds more might give the cashier a shock. All this is only in the air, for I have not yet seen the statues, but it is as well to tell you beforehand what may be on the tapis.I hope that some of the things I reported to you from Syria were of use, especially the ceiling.Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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UR.Nov. 17. 1923.Sir,At the conclusion of a fortnight's work, I beg to submit to you an interim report, on the progress made by your Expedition.The engagement of thhree foremen from Jerablus instead of one, and the purchase of a car, have made necessary certain additions to the Expedition house; I have built an extra sleeping-room for the men and a garage. The total cost of this is however only some fifteen pounds.At Ur I have been working with one hundred and thirty men. Good progress has been made with the clearing of the SW. face of the ziggurat, and though much remains to be done results are already satuisfactory. Until Mr. Newton arrives and a properly professional study can be made of the architectural features of the ziggurat, I do not wish to put forward any theosries; but it seems fairly clear that we have remains of four stages in the building (which presumably therefore had eight seven stages, not four, as we had hitherto supposed) and certain deductions can be drawn as to the date and original character of the different elements in the structure. Fragments of foundation-cylinders have been found recording the late work on the building carried out by Nabonidus, but otherwise the heavy labour of removing hundreds of tons of debris has not produced any antiquities of interest, such, if they occur at all, can only be found in the ultimate stages of the work.On Monday the 13th inst, I started work at Tell el Obeid. The carrying on of excavation at two sites more than four miles apart has only been made possible by the presence of more than one trained native foreman and by the use of a car. Water for the workmen has to be brought from Ur Junction, a distance of six miles; for this donkeys are employed, by contract, as being cheaper and more certain than motor transport, but even do the cost is above a pound per diem. Guards have to be employed on the site, and the workmen have to be provided with tent accommodation and firewood. Work has been confined hitherto to the low mound not touched by Dr. Hall in 1919. It has proved remarkably rich. House remains and tombs have been found of the earliest period, extending probably to the time of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and these have yielded great quantities of pottery, stone implements and bronzes, which will throw much light on the history of the time as well as forming valuable Museum material. Again it is too early to formulate theories, but I have no doubt that we shall be in a position to solve the majority of the questions to which the discoveries of Mr. Campbell Thompson and Dr. Hall have given rise. There is much work yet to do on this part of the site, but as I am embarassed by the amount of material coming in daily, I propose to alternate tomb-digging with work on the small building partially excavated by Dr. Hall; only when that is finished shall I go on to the outlying area where Ii hope to get graves of a richer sort.The health of the members of the Expedition continues to be good. Weather is favourable, and there has been nothing to interrupt the work or disturb its progress.Hoping to be able to send you in twom week's time a more detailed and more satisfactory report, I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,C Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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UR.Nov. 30. 1923.To the Director of the University Museum, [handwritten]Sir.I have the honour to submit to you the following report on the progress of the work carried out by your expedition during the month of November.Excavation proper started on Nov. 5th, Monday, 122 men being employed. As my arrival became known, more of my old hands turned up, and the numbers of men employed increased to about 180. During the first week operations were confined to Ur, as the proposed campaign at Tell el Obeid needed more elaborate preparations; tents had to be provided for the workmen, and firewood, a water supply had to be arranged, and extra guards engaged through the local Sheikh; moreover, as the men were distinctly nervous of working and living so far out in the desert, I thought it advisable to make a departure from usual rules and to arrange for a certain proportion of the men having arms with them. On Monday 12th., my second foreman, Khalil, was left in charge at Ur, while Hamoudi with 60 men was sent to Tell el Obeid; since then, work has been carried on regularly at both sites; I have had to devote most of my time to the Obeid excavations, while Mr. Gadd and Mr. Fitzgerald have taken it in turn to supervise the clearing of the Ur ziggurat.The clearing of the ziggurat has proved heavier and slower than I had expected. On an average, 130 men have been employed, with four lines of light railway, and after four weeks only once face has been cleared, and on that a certain amount of work yet remains to be done. Hundreds of tons of debris have been removed, and the whole face of the tower has been laid bare (see Pl. 1); the result is certainly imposing. Until Mr. Newton arrives and can make a detailed study of the building, I do not care to say much as to the new information given by our work; but it seems fairly clear that we have the remains of four distinct stages, of which the lowest only was the work of the Third Dynasty kings, while the whole of the upper part was due to Nabonidus. Fragments of the foundation-cylinders of the latter ruler have been found, and constitute practically the sum of the objects obtained by this heavy and expensive, but in my opinion most important, branch of our work.On the other hand, the discoveries at Tell el Obeid have been of a very remarkable order.I started operations on a low mound, not touched by Dr. Hall in 1919, where I hoped to find early pottery. The mound proved to be a natural island the cultural strata on which have suffered greatly from wind and water denudation. There were never on it any proper buildings, but only simple huts of wattle and daub inhabited by a few people probably concerned with the neighbouring temple. But the whole mound was used as a cemetery from the earliest times; I have not yet been able to work out any sequence, but those graves which I was inclined to regard as comparatively late prove to be not inconsistent with a First Dynasty of Ur date, and I think it probable that this:
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UR.Nov. 30. 1925.Dear Gordon, I was just getting my report ready when I received your letter of Nov. 2., and I am now writing to thank you in the name of all of us for the present which you are sending to the expedition; it is most kind of you, and the Victor will be highly appreciated not only by Legrain but by the entire party. I am writing to Strick's, our Basra agents, asking them to keep in touch with Messrs. Pitt & Scott so as to secure early delivery. All goes well here. Legrain joined me on Nov. 11th, after a week in Baghdad, and got down to work at once, as we had some interesting things waiting for him. My new assistant, Mallowan, is shaping well and is very keen on his job: he is of course quite inexperienced and lacks certain qualifications which he will have to acquire before he can rank as really competent - foe one thing, he has not the remotest idea of drawing, which is a serious handicap. Luckily the drawings for the catalogue here have been taken over by Mrs. Keeling, who after a long visit here last year has come down to act as voluntary assistant, so I have not had to undertake that part of the work myself. Whitburn, my architect, is also doing good work. Altogether we are a busy party, so though we shall enjoy the Victor you must not imagine that we pass slack evenings trying to kill time! but I hope to have enough leisure to read your books. Well, it's a quarter past ten now, and I have been up since a quarter past five, so I think I shall stop this and retire to bed. Please remember me most kindly to Miss MacHugh. With thanks and best wishes for Christmas,Yours sincerely,C Leonard WoolleyPS. Articles for the Press will be sent through Kenyon as usual.:
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UR.November 15. 1924.Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the first fortnight's work of your Expedition in the field.As I have already reported, digging was started with a force of 175 men on November 1st. The greater part of this gang were employed on the area NW of the Ziggurat, between that building and the Temenos Wall found in 1922, this being the site chosen by me for the principal work of the season; it is clearly advisable to learn as soon as possible whatever can be learned about the immediate surroundings of the Ziggurat, and this area, where there was known to be an extension of the great courtyard building discovered last year, was at once the most important and one which could be fully excavated with the means at my disposal. A small gang were set to test the character of a site lying some 900 yards SW of the Ziggurat, in low ground, where Mr. Gadd had remarked large bricks of a type unusual at Ur and possibly of Sargonid date. One day's work sufficed for this spot; a small building was found there, but it had been denuded by weather below floor level, nor was there anything left to indicate its period; the work was therefore abandoned. The united gangs were then employed NW of the Ziggurat, as I was anxious to get out without delay the main lines of the upper buildings, leaving the deeper areas to be cleared more slowly by a smaller force; there was much surface earth to be moved, and the preliminary work took eight days, by which time a number of constructions had:
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UR.November 19, 1925.To the Director,Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the beginning of the new season's work by your Ex edition at Ur. During the summer months I completed and sent in to the Press the annual report on the result of the previous winter's excavations, and I also finished, except for one section, the part of the final publication of Tell el Obeid which is due to be written by myself: the MS. of this has been left with Dr. Hall, who hopes to have his part written by the time of my return to England. On October 4 I left London for Paris, where I spent four days at the Louvre studying the Susa pottery with a view to the last section of the Tell el Obeid volume; I received in this most kind assistance from MM. Thureau-Dangin, Dussaud, Contenau and de Mequenhem. On reaching Beyrouth on Oct. 19 I found that owing to the troubles in Damascus the Nairn Transport had shifted its route to the southern line Jerusalem-Amaan-Bagdad, and I had therefore to return to Haifa. At Jerusalem I met Dr. Mallowan who had come via Port Said, and Mr. Whitburne who, starting at the last moment at very short notice, had neen lucky in getting a passage at all and had just arrived from Egypt. We left Jerusalem together and arrived at Bagdad on the 24th. I was at first distressed to find that there had been a misunderstanding about the renewal of the permission for the dig, and it looked as if there would be delay in the starting of the work; but Miss Gertrude Bell kindly authorised me to begin the excavations at once, pending the regularisation of the position, and I accordingly came to Ur on October 28th. Hamoudi had preceeded me by two days and had hard work to prepare the place for me, since the heavy sandstorms of the summer had buried part of the house to the level of the roof and everywhere the sand accumulations were very heavy.:
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UR.November 2. 1924.Sir,I have the honour to report as follows on the resumption of work in the field by your Expedition.I left England on Sept. 30, intending to spend a short time in Syria. At Beyrouth I met Dr. Legrain, who accompanied me to Aleppo. On Oct. 21 Mr. Linnell met us at Beyrouth, he haing travelled as far as Port Said in an oil tanker, an economy for which I am indebted to the A. P. O. C. On Oct. 23 we proceeded by Nairn Transport to Baghdad ( I had obtained from the Company a certain reduction of rate), At Baghdad I called on Miss Bell, Hon. Director of the Dept. of Antiquities, and on H. M. King Faisul, I took the opportunity of obtaining from the Iraq Railways several concessions which will sensibly reduce the costs of the season's work. On Oct. 29 our party came on to Ur, where the house had already been prepared for us by the Jerablus foremen whom I had sent down two days ahead with the expedition cook; everything was in good order, and we were able to enroll the working gang on the next day and to start actual digging, in accordance with my original programme, on November 1st.I regret that the further depreciation of the pound sterling (=Rs13.325[) - page edge cut off] adds 10% to the estimated cost of work out here; this is the more serious in view of the shortage of funds with which I was faced from the outset.:
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UR.November 28, 1926Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the results of the first month's work of this season of your Expedition here.[Note: start of penciled bracket in the margin labeled \"1\"]Work began on October 28th: I had engaged a hundred and sixty men, the largest number which in my opinion could advantageously be employed on the site selected, which was the large mound just outside the south-west wall of the Temenos where preliminary sondages had been made at the end of last season and had brought to light well-preserved house ruins and had resulted in the discovery of a number of interesting tablets of a literary nature: [Note: close of penciled bracket in margin labeled \"1\"] the rubbish-heaps formed last year gave the opportunity of laying a short length of rail whereby the excavated earth could be disposed of with a minimum of labour and cost, and I marked out the northern half of the mound's area for thorough clearing, reserving the southern end for subsequent work if such should prove worth while. [Note: start of penciled bracket in the margin labeled \"2\"]In spite of the height of the mound - it is almost the highest on the site- the surface has been heavily denuded; of the Neo-Babylonian period virtually nothing remained, and even the Kassite buildings were so ruined as in most cases to be not worth planning: it was only when we got lower down that well-preserved remains were found. These were private houses of the Isin - Larsa period, about 2100 to 2000 B.C. The floor-levels of these lay at as much as twenty feet below the surface and work was consequently extremely heavy, an enormous amount of earth having to be shifted, but the walls were correspondingly preserved and the ruins are imposing in appearance as well as interesting in plan. [Note: close of penciled bracket in the margin labeled \"2\"]I regret that I am not yet in a position to send you photographs of the buildings, but the weather has made out-of-door photography impossible. Soon after work started the hot weather gave place to the wettest autumn known in this country for forty years; steady rains have on some days stopped work altogether and have throughout impaired pro-2:
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UrA sa Presence, Monsieur Legrain le tres respecte.Nous vous [?priones?] d'agreer nos salutations et nous invoquans pour votre [?Leigneurie?] la misericarde et la benediction divines.O notre frere, Monsieur Legrain, notre memaire a garde le souvenier des jours passes, et votre nous est toujours sur vos levres. Nous prions le [?Caret?] Puissant de vous avoir en sa sainte garde. Votre frere Yami (?) vous dit ses meilleures salutations:
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URFebruary 1. 1931Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the work done by your Expedition during the month of January.Weather conditions have been fair, in that there has been no rain,but the absence of this has resulted in dust storms which have madedigging often unpleasant and sometimes impossible, so that severalworking days have been lost. The number of men employed has averagedtwo hundred and sixty. The health of the members of your staff has been good throughout.At the time of my last report there remained of the Royal tombsonly two chambers not fully cleared; these were finished early in themonth and proved, like the others, to have been thoroughly looted, noxxxxxobjects of interest being found in them. A curious circumstance keptus in doubt about this up to the last moment. The two great vaultswhen opened proved to be disappointingly low, the clay floors on whichwere scattered bones and broken jars being on the level of the firstspringers of the corbelled roof; closer examination shewed that insidethe door more brick steps led down through this floor, which turned outto be a mass of mud brick resting on two layers of burnt bricks, the whole having a thickness of two metres; this mass was quite undisturbedand it seemed natural to expect that something important lay beneathit. There was in fact nothing but the floor, made of five courses ofburnt brick set in bitumen and bonded into the side walls; to provethis we dug a hole through one floor and found below it mixed earthand, a metre and a half down, an undisturbed burial of the Jemdet Nasrperiod. The explanation seems to be that Dungi's builders had gone too:
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URIraq.December 5. 1926.To the Director,Sir,I have the honour ro submit to you my statement of the accounts of your Expedition for the month of November which will I trust meet with your approval.I also enclose a few photographs of the houses excavated by us last month; the weather has somewhat improved, but I am still behindhand with photography, and practically none of the objects have yet been taken. I am glad to say that we are doing better than before in respect of objects found; some early tombs have produced good copper and stone things, which I shall describe in my next report.I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signature] Leonard Woolley:
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URIraq.January 13.1927.Dear Gordon, I received last night a letter from Kenyon which has been a great blow to me; he explains the financial situation, that the British Museum has found itself unable to raise more than £2000, and tells me that unless I hear further from him I must so arrange the work as to incur a maximum expenditure for the year of £4000, a thousand pounds less than I had budgetted for and, when I left England, hoped to have at my disposal. I have now gone into the accounts and find that, in order to keep within these limits, I shall be obliged to close down the dig at the end of the present month. To some extent I blame myself for this. When the revised arrangement was madebetween the two Museums for equal contributions Kenyon explained to me that the sumthe British Museum had provided in the past was the extreme to which its resourceswould go, and that the balance required would have to be raised from outside. I re-alised that there was in the Museum no organisation for raising such funds and no individual who could make it his job to raise them: it was up to me, if anyone, tolook after the interests of the joint Expedition, and the best way to do that wasto raise the money myself; I saw that it would be difficult to do that in the nameof the Joint Expedition, and knew that you could find your share, so I have triedto get support for the British Museum side in order thereby to provide for the com-mon needs, each pound I got meaning two for the expedition. In 1925-6 I was success-ful: but last summer, what with preparing the al Ubaid book and having to act asexecutor for my Father, who died in the early summer, I did not give to money-rais-ing as much time as I otherwise should have done; and, thanks probably to the strike, found the task more difficult and seem to have been let down by several people who:
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URIraq.January 30. 1928.Sir,Since many of the objects found this year require a great deal of work before they will be fit for exhibition and it was therefore advisable to get them to England with as little delay as possible, I had arranged that the division with the Iraq Museum should take place now instead of at the end of the season; it is unlikely that much more will be found and the division is not likely to be complicated by the remaining weeks of work.The Hony. Director of Antiquities and the Advisor to the Ministry of Education accordingly arrived here on Friday last and the division was finished today: you will be interested to hear the result.The Iraq Museum has taken the complete tomb-group of Prince Mee-kalam-dug. (Pg 755) I very much regret this, but had been almost certain that it would happen; the golden wig was in any case sure to go, and though I had hoped to have some representative pieces from the grave I recognised that the chance of this was small. They have also taken the silver boat and the gaming-board from the same grave (PG. 789), the copper bull's head from the same grave, queen Shub-ad's gaming-board (which I had restored, but it was not a fine example) and one of the silver lions' heads from her grave, and a good half of the non-royal grave groups. We have virtually everything from Shub-ad's grave, including both the golden head-dresses and all the personal ornaments, six gold vases of which three are decorated, the gold strainer and cockle-shells, the harp and the chariot, one silver lion's head, the gold saw and chisels, two gold and two silver spears and all the best of the stone vases including the two decorated examples, the lapis cup and the obsidian bowl: we have the bull's head in gold and lapis, the gold ostrich-egg with incrusted decoration, a very interesting piece of armour (?) in copper with embossed figures of men and:
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URIraq.October 21. 1928Sir, I have the honour to report to you on the opening of the newseason at Ur.The day before I left England I heard that Mr. Mallowan wasill and on the next day was informed that he was probably sufferingfrom appendicitis and would not be able to come out for the begin-ning of the season; this was subsequently confirmed by a telegramreceived by me in Berlin and my latest news is to the effect thathe is not to be expected before December 7th at the earliest.My wife and I were to travel out overland by the Orient Expressvia Berlin and Constantinople; on reaching the Cheko-Slovakian front-ier we were told that the train to which the Orient Express carriageought to have been attached had left ten minutes earlier and that wecould not proceed for twenty-four hours; this meant that we shouldlose our connection at Constantinople and miss the desert convoy fromDamascus, thereby forfeiting a week of the diffinf season. Apart fromits effect on the work such delay would have involved very heavy ex-penses both in hotel costs and by the cancelling of tickets alreadybooked; I therefore agreed with two fellow-passengers who were in thesame predicament to engage a special engine as far as Budapesth wherethere was a chance of catching up with the Simplon Orient Express.This was successfully done but while it was in the circumstances aneconomy it did of course seriously increase the cost of our travel-ling out.:
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URIraqDecember 1. 1930.Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the work done by your Expedition during the month of November.As I have already informed you, digging began on the fourth of the month, 260 men being employed. Three sites were selected for simultaneous work: in accordance with our programme, the Bur-Sin building of which one wall was partly exposed last year was one; for a house site I chose the ground lying between the town rampart and the \"Harbour Temple\" excavated last season, because the height to which the latter stands gave promise of any buildings in its neighbourhood being equally well preserved; the third site should by our programme have been another \"Flood\" pit in the neighbourhood of the Ziggurat, but this would have required more supervision than I could afford at the moment, so I decided to first complete the ex-cavation of a temple on the south rampart which last year produced the Third Dynasty column of mud brick.The temple site occupied us for a fortnight, and though all the buildings on it have been terribly ruined we have been able to get out the ground-plans of three periods. Of the earliest structure, that dating presumably to the Third Dynasty of Ur, no more remains than we found last season. The building on the next level is proved by further inscribed cones to have been, as had been assumed last year, Rim-Sin's temple to Nin-gishzida; of the building only one part remains, but that is in a tolerable state of preservation; it would rather appear:
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URIraqDecember 31.1929.Sir, I have the honour to report to you as follows on the work ofyour Expedition during the month of December.Throughout the month a force of between 220 and 240 men has been employed; weather has been favourable, only one day and a half havingbeen lost through rain, and good progress has been made: on the townsite excavation has been carried down to a depth of nine metres, on the cemetery site the area originally selected has been exhausted ex- cept in so far as a few gangs are kept on there for special researchpurposes, and xxxxxxxx ten days ago a fresh start was made at the o-ther end of the cemetery immediately behind the tomb of Shub-ad, andgrave level has already been reached there.At the SW end of the cemetery two stone-built tombs were found,but one had been plundered in antiquity and the other contained verylittle of interest. Underneath a mud-brick chamber built half-way upa shaft there was found a wooden coffin containing a man's body andhaving beside it three bodies of attendants; as in the shaft chamberthere were more bodies and layers of offerings this was presumably aroyal burial though of a poorer sort; in the coffin was a gold-mountedelectrum dagger and the head was adorned with numerous gold chains andbeads; in a corner of the coffin, well away from the head, were the re-mains of a wig to which were attached gold ear-rings and a gold front-let; the discovery explains the presence in Shub-ad's tomb of a seconddiadem and in the grave og Mes-kalam-dug of a complete head-dress along-:
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URIraqDecember 5. 1929.Sir, I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statement of theaccounts of your Expedition for the month of November past.I purchased some fresh material for the light railway which wasindispensible for the work of the season now that we are diggind twosites simultaneously: at the end of last season the carriage of thecases of antiquities to the railway station resulted in the break-down of our car, the repairs to which cost Rs. 164, an unusual item. These two chargesn and the inclusion in the month's accounts of Mr.Whitburn's travelling expenses, - a heavy charge, as he was comingin haste and could not therefore chose the cheapest route, - explainmost of the increase over the total expenditure for November 1928:the remainder is accounted for by the greater number of workmen employedand the consequent rise in the wages bill.Trusting that you will approve of my statement I have the honourto remain, Sir, Your very obedient Servant, [signed]C.Leonard Woolley:
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URIRAQDecember I. 1928Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the progress made by your Expedition during the month of November.As I explained in my last report, the first part of the season was occupied with the necessary work of clearing away a large dump thrown up last year; it was only on November 5th that the uppermost grave stratum was reached. Since that date some 230 graves have been recorded and over 450 entries have been made in the catalogue of objects.The long strip of ground chosen for excavation presented at its two ends entirely different characters. At the north-east end there had been in the Larsa period a great deal of plundering preparatory to building operations, and shafts had been sunk over the whole area to a depth of more than four metres; the early graves had been robbed and the holes had been filled up with late rubbish for levelling purposes. At the south-west end the ground was undisturbed except by the grave-diggers of the later (Sargonid) period and the stratification was unusually good. Here the evidence on the who;e (sic) strongly corroborates the chronological scheme suggested by me two years ago; the Sargonid graves are clearly distinguished by the types of pottery and weapons, etc., the First Dynasty graves comes close to these in level and have often been disturbed by them, and then after a comparatively barren stratum come those of the early series with their distinctive furniture. Certain modifications of my previous arguments are enforced by observations made under better conditions, but the main thesis seems to:
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URIraqFebruary 10. 1928.Sir, I have the honour to report to you on the closing stages of the workof your Expedition.The clearing of the Great Courtyard has proven a heavier task than Ihad anticipated, and will not be finished this year. Practically the wholecourt has been cleared down to the pavement of Kuri-galzu (1400 B.C.) andover about half the court this pavement has been removed and the lower strata exposed. Unfortunately the levels here are so nearly the same that most of the older constructions have suffered severely and some have disappeared altogether, and even the ground-plans are hard to recover, but the results are important enough fully to justify the work done this season and its completion in the future. It has been proved that the court is that of the great temple of Nannar. Hitherto one of the puzzles of the site has been the failure to identify what must have been its leading temple; this failure was largely due to the fact that the temple was built on different levels and its unity was therefore not easy to recognise. Now we find that the court forms a lower terrace in front of the Ziggurat; a flight of steps must have led through the central doorway on the terrace from and this aligns exactly with the doors of the buildings lying on the NW side of the Ziggurat excavated by us four years ago. Brick inscriptions prove what the continuous line and similar character of the walls would suggest, and it is interesting to find that the name \"E-temen-ni-il\" which we knew to be appropriated to the Ziggurat terrace was applied equally to this lower terrace which is the temple court.The general plan of the building seems to antedate the existing Zigguratbut it was adopted by Ur-Engur and incorporated in his Ziggurat scheme. He be-:
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UrIraqFebruary 10.1933.Sir, I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statement of the accounts of your Expedition during the month of January last. I do not think that there are any points requiring special comment except for the fact that a few items would more properly have been included in the account for December but were carried forward owing to the bills not having been sent in. In the wages for the foremen I have allowed for the depreciation of sterling, their wages being paid always in Turkish gold.So far as I can see at present it will be possible to carry on at our present strenght for the rest of the proposed season without exceeding my estimate for it, although that estimate was reduced to a bare minimum.Trusting that you will be satisfied with my statement I have the honour to remain, Sir, Your very obedient Servant, [signature] Leonard Woolley:
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URIraqFebruary 28, 1930.Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the work done by your Expedition during the month of February.In the early days of the month, as I have already reported, the work on the great shaft in the town area came to an end. We had gone down to virgin soil, to a depth of nineteen metres from our starting-point, and were below sea level: the soil here was heavy clay pierced by the fibres of red roots; above this came the mud of the marsh bottom and then the soil and debris which gradually filled in the marsh and made dry land: immediately on this rested human re-mains, house rubbish divided by clay floors, bricks and the wreckage of wattle-and-daub huts; the pottery here was all of the 'Ubaid type, most of it richly decorated. On the top of these house remains came some three metres of water-laid sand divided into two zones by a not very well defined stratum of rubbish; it is the result of one or, more probably, two successive floods coming in quick succession. The graves were dug down into this sand belt, and the two series of them, at different levels, shewed the regular detiorationdeterioration of the al 'Ubaid pottery. Forty six graves were recorded and yielded 117 painted pots which though for the most part terribly crushed are complete and will make fine museum pieces; with these were found six clay figurines and fragments of others: both the pottery and the figurines are later in date than the Flood, but the fragments of both found in the pre-Flood occupation level prove that the tradition was constant.:
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URIRAQFebruary 4.1932.Dear Jayne, I enclose with this my report for January and the state-ment of accounts for the same month. Two newspaper articles havebeen sent to the British Museum and will be forwarded to you byHill in due course. As you will see, we are doing pretty well, andI feel thoroughly satisfied with results, though they are not of a sensational sort. I am hoping to send to Legrain before long copies of photographs of the cylinder seals of the Second Dynasty period which we have found, so as to complete his corpus for study for thefinal volume; they are not numerous, but they will interest him.I was sorry to read about the closing of the Museum on Mondays;what you told me about the City's finances is bearing rotten fruit.I am glad that our own accounts are on the very moderate side hither-to, and I am likely to close down at the end of the year with a bal-ance in hand, in spite of the smaller estimate. We have had splendidweather all the winter and have lost only an hour or so of work, so that there has been no waste of time, and we have got through a great deal. Now Bairam comes, and there will be two idle days, butduring those I shall be in Baghdad for the annual conference, soit will not be time altogether lost.I hope that you are well and flourishing. Please give my warm regards to your wife, and also my salaams to Miss McHugh.Yours sincerely, [signature] C. Leonard Woolley:
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URIraqFebruary 6. I929.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you herewith my statementof the expenses of your Expedition during the month of Januaryand trust that it will meet with your approval.Your very obedient Servant(signed)Leonard Woolley:
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URIraqFebruary 7. 1928.Sir, I have the honour to submit to you the statement of the accounts foryour Expedition for the month of January.On January 9th the number of workmen employed was increased from about125 to 190, but the falling off in \"baksheesh\" consequent on the change ofthe scene of operations from the cemetery to the great Courtyard buildingmade the increase in expense relatively small. This number is being maintained until the close of the season.Under \"Living Expenses\" a refund shews the repayment by Dr. Ravn of costs incurred by his board during his stay in camp; a very slight increase under this general heading is due to the payment during the month of December bills not presented until too late for entry in the previous account.Trusting that you will approve this accountI have the honour to be, Sir, Your very obedient Servant[signed] C Leonard Woolley:
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URIraqJan. 17. 1939Dear Legrain,Taking advantage of the feast of [??Bairans??], when there is no work, & a wet day which forcibly keeps one indoors, I'm writing a sort of second answer to yours of Nov. 12th[or maybe 13th?] in which you reported progress on the archaic seal impressions. Last season's lot, about which you then enquired, will have reached you long ago: as I told you, I ran them to earth, still unpacked but overlooked when the rest of the boxes were shipped to Philadelphia. Now we are again digging deep down in the immediate vicinity of the Royal Cemetery & just by the spot where [??twice were??] the hoards of seal impressions were found: & [??though??] of course it is possible that the [??strata][undecipherable word] out before reaching the area on which we are now engaged, it is more likely that they continue:
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URIraqJan. 31. '29Dear Miss McHughHerewith I send my report & photographs: the former is in some ways not so exciting as some, for we have not been getting so much in the way of objects: but the information acquired is very good, & I hope you'll appreciate my idea of just announcing to the University the news of the discovery of the Flood! As to lectures, I might tell you that my agent, Mr. Lee ?Keedich?, writes very despondently, saying that there is in America very little:
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URIraqJanuary 3. 1928.Sir, I have to honour to report to you as follows on the results of our worksince December 6, the date of my last report; this will explain the cable sentby me on the 2nd instant.While the work in general has been most successful, so much so indeed thatthe press of material waiting to be catalogued compelled me to shift the wholegang for a week to the Great Courtyard site, the outstanding feature has beenthe discovery of two royal tombs.In my last report I described a large grave area which yielded many fine ob-jects but failed to produce the actual tomb and body of the principal person; a-mong these objects was a wooden chest which I assumed to be a clothes-box. Whenthe box was removed there were found below it bricks which proved to come fromthe arched roof of a stone and brick-built tomb; it had been plundered from a-bove and the box served to conceal the hole made by the plunderers. The masonrytomb stood at one end of a large grave area very much like that described in mylast report, lying about one and a half metres lower down, and unplundered. Inthis area were buried 58 persons, all of whom must have been sacrifices to theman buried in the tomb proper. A sloping ramp led down to the bottom of the graveshaft, which had been carpetted and hung with matting; on the slope lay the bod-ies of the six soldiers of the guard wearing copper helmets and carrying spears- the skulls, though crushed, have been preserved by us complete with the helmetsAt the foot of the ramp were drawn up two heavy wooden four-wheeled carts orchariots each drawn by three oxen wearing silver rings in their noses and broaddecorated silver collars, attached to poles surmounted by \"mascots\" in the formof bulls and harnessed with reins made of large silver and lapis beads. The skull:
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URIraqJanuary 31. 1933.My dear Jayne,I have to acknowledge your letter of December 23. I am glad that you approve of the proof of Miss Baker's plate; as to the line round it I agree with you and had already decided on suppressing it except in the top part where it seems to be necessary. A lot of other plates have gone in and Miss Baker has now handed me the material for more; she has finished her work in Baghdad and last week came here for two days and I hope enjoyed her visit. These will go to the Press on my return to England.As regards the money; the 5,000 dollars will of course meet all immediate requirements and I shall apply to you when more is required; but I agree with you that the delay in remitting is not likely to prove an economy; at the present moment it would of course mean a quite considerable loss, and it was that anticipation, as you know, which prompted my request for the whole amount. I shall be glad to hear what is the decision as to price; personally I think that my suggestion ought to meet the conditions of the Carnegie grant, and I hope that it may be held to do so as it is certainly the simplest solution of a difficulty. As to a scheme for a circular, I will supply the material, but later; I should like to be able to give definitely the number of plates, pages etc., which I could not do at present; and there is of course plenty of time before the book will be ready.I am sorry that I must enter a complaint about the Expedition finances, but it is a duty to enter it. According to the original agreement between the Museums, as I explained to Miss McHugh last year, each:
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URIraqJanuary 31. 1933.Sir,I have the honour to report to you on the work done by your Expedition during the month of January.Weather conditions have been most unfavourable; a rainfall which constitutes a record for the last eleven years has made digging impossible on a number of days and has seriously hampered progress on others; in th[missing e at end of word] earlier part of the month the cold was intense, and throughout it the keeping by the men of the fast of Ramadan has tended to slow up the work. On both the sites selected for excavation our task has been more heavy and more complicated than I had expected; nevertheless, on both importan[missing t at end of word] progress has been made and the results are in my opinion excellent.To the North of the Ziggurat we finished clearing the Larsa fort of which part was found last winter and discovered beyond it to the NE an extension added by Kuri-Galzu, under which lay the remains of the mud-brick wall of Ur-Engur, some eight metres thick. To the NE of this we encountered buildings of the late Kassite or Neo-Babylonian period, and these were first excavated up to and beyond the north corner of Nebuchadnezzar's Temenos Wall; some were private houses, but they were buil[missing letter, probably t, at end of word] over and utilised the remains of older structures of a different kind. Starting again from the limits of Kuri-Galzu's work we cleared a second level consisting of Kassite buildings, apparently store-rooms not unlik[missing e at end of word] what we found last winter to the NW of the Ziggurat. Now work is going deeper. Kuri-Galzu's fort rests on massive buttressed walls which seem to go back to the Third Dynasty; beyond this the line of defence sets:
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URIraqJanuary 3I. 1929.Sir,I have the honour to report as follows on the work done by your Expedition during the past month; during the whole time excavations have been carried out both in the courtyard of the great Nannar temple and on the grave area.Work in the courtyard is now practically finished. No attempt has been made to excavate the entire area, which would have been an immensely expensive task and unremunerative, but walls have been followed up and soundings made where necessary, and as a result we can now trace accurately most of the vicissitudes or the building. There has not yet been time to draw out the plans which embody these results, but I can summarise them briefly.Very slight remains of plano-convex brickwork shew that as early as the First Dynasty of Ur the site was occupied by a building, presumably a Nannar temple, connected with the older Ziggurat. This was destroyed and buried under the work of Ur-Engur, who laid out his temple on a much larger scale. The temple was left unfinished on the death of Ur-Engur and was completed by his son Dungi. Its main feature was a great courtyard surrounded by a single row of chambers and entered through a massive pylon gateway; this occupied the whole of a lower terrace and steps led up to the sanctuary built on the higher terrace of the Ziggurat and under the shadow of the tower itself. The building was largely if not entire-:
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URIraqMarch 1. 1933.Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the work done by your Expedition during the month of February.[a pencilled-in bracket appears in front of the first word of this paragraph] The excavations to the north of the Ziggurat, of which I spoke in my last report, finished by the middle of the month. The outstanding result has been to establish the fact that throughout the whole of the city's history from the time of the Third Dynasty onwards the Temenos was a strictly defined area raised as a terrace above the general level of the town and surrounded by a defensive wall. Hitherto only the Late Babylonian Temenos wall was known to us; now we have remains of that of the Third Dynasty, considerable ruins of the more elaborate structure built by Warad-Sin, and a reconstruction with additions by Kuri-Galzu in the 14th century B.C. For the general topography of the city this is one of the most important discoveries we have yet made. [a closing pencilled-in bracket follows the last sentence.] It is far from being complete, because only the north-west end has been excavated and the tracing of the other sides has still to be done; but as we have fixed the positions of both the north and the east corners it will be easy to follow the side walls. The area enclosed is considerably smaller than Nebuchadnezzar's Temenos.The wall of Ur-Engur was of mud brick, twenty-six feet thick, with a burnt-brick facing; it did not run straight, but a large salient corresponded to the higher platform of the Ziggurat. Warad-Sin refaced the whole wall and on the salient built a fort in burnt brick; Kuri-Galzu added to the fort so as to make it occupy the entire salient and along:
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URIraqMarch 5. 1933.Dear Jayne,I am sending with this my report for February with a number of photographs; the newspaper articles and the accounts are not done yet and will follow by the next mail. As you see, it is the end of the season: Jordan comes on Wednesday for the division and we shall leave at the end of the week; I hope to be in London on March 21.The policy of a short season has justified itself, for we have done very well, and I shall be glad to get back in good time to get on with the work of publication. I shall write to you from London to report progress in that direction.Our best regards to Mrs. Jayne and yourself.Yours sincerely,C Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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URIRAQNovember 26. 1930.Sir,My monthly report is not yet due, but as circumstances oblige me to announce certain discoveries to the Director of Antiquities in this country I feel it my duty to announce them to you at the same time.Your Expedition has found the tombs of the great kings of the Third Dynasty of Ur.I had given as part of my programme the unearthing of a building by Bur-Sin one wall of which had come to light last season on the edge of the prehistoric cemetery; I had hoped that this might prove to be the tomb of the king, but there was no evidence to justify a prophecy to that effect. The building is found to be an annexe added by Bur-Sin to a much larger building put up by Dungi; both are temples of the deified kings and below the floors of each there are tombs. It is too much to expect that the tombs should have escaped violation; in fact we have definite proof that the upper buildings were sacked and burnt and some at least of the graves plundered by the Elamites who brought the Third Dynasty to an end: but the interest of the tombs remains and their architectural importance is very great. Bur-Sin's tomb, lying under the raised pavement of the principal chamber of his annexe, is a long and lofty room corbel-vaulted in brick entered through a corbelled doorway:
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URIRAQNovember 9. 1930.Dear Mr. Jayne,I send herewith my statement of accounts up to the beginning of the season, and the main item to be noticed is precisely that to which you drew attention in my estimates; - I am sorry to sat that the latter were only too correct! Of the total shewn, the expenses of my wife and myself come to £210. 0. 8. I was kept in England by lectures and felt obliged to come out by the quickest route, which is necessarily expensive and, incidentally, the least agreable; but matters were made worse by delays en rout for which we were not re- sponsible (the start of the aeroplane from Cairo was twice delayed) and in the end I found to my disgust that we could have got here quite as soon and much more cheaply had we spared ourselves a very trying journey and come overland. The increase of staff invloved purchases of fresh outfit, bed, furniture, linen etc., in addition to the normal renewal costs.Mr. Mallowan was sent on ahead, with the foreman, to get the house ready and to build the extra accommodation required for my new ass- istant; the rest of the staff xxxx joined us in Baghdad and came down with me on November 2nd; on the next day I engaged a gang which numbers 260, and digging began on the 4th. It is too early yo report on the work, but I can say that we are doing remarkably well.During the summer, after the opening of the exhibition in London, I was able, with help of Mr. Mallowan, to make a good start with the:
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URIRAQNovember 9. 1930.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you my statement of the expenses incurred by your Expedition between July 1st and October 31st of this current year. Though the items differ, owing in great part to the fact that my staff has been increased, the total is not very different from that of the last two years for the corresponding period.Digging started on the 4th of this month, and the number of men employed is 260: I trust that I shall shortly be able to report favourable results of the work.Hoping that the enclosed statement will meet with your satisfaction I have the honour to remain, Sir,Your very obedient ServantC. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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UrJan 3. 1926Dear GordonHerewith the December report: the newspaper articles I have sent to Kenyon to forward to you with dates for publication. You will see that we are doing well, & I think I can safely prophecy a fine harvest for January. The ship bearing the Victrola was due at Basra on Dec 31st, but the machine has not yet reached us though it should come in a few days. We managed to have quite a cheerful Christmas & drank your health. All goes well here. Legrain joins us in sending best regardsYours sincerelyC Leonard Woolley:
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URJan. 3. 1927.Dear Gordon, Herewith my report, which I think you will find good reading. The newspaper reports will be forwarded as usual by Kenyon, and I expect that you will give to the Press any photographs you choose; we have had such a rush here that I have no ext ra prints, and many of the good objects have still to be photographed.I am glad to say that Burrows stood the journey to Basra remarkably well and that the latest reports about him are good; it was an anxious time at the start, as his temperature kept up at 104 1/2, and he is a man with very little stamina. For two days I have had the whole gang working round the Ziggurat, where no objects are likely to be found and supervision is reduced to a minimum, so as to give ourselves time to catch up with the catalogue and to look after Burrows. We had a visit the other day from Miss Eley, who brought letters from you; I think that she enjoyed her visit, - she was lucky in seeing some nice things actually being dug up - but I had little leisure for the social side and saw little of her and her friends. With best wishes for the New Year from myself and from the staff, Yours sincerely,C Leonard Woolley10:
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URJanuary 31, 1927[Note: the first paragraph is bracketed in pencil with the number \"17\" written in the margin] For release Monday Morning, March 7 The work of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania during the month of January has fully justified the confidence inspired by the success obtained at the end of the previous month. At that time we had just discovered a cemetery of a period earlier than any of the city's buildings yet laid bare; now a considerable area has been systematically explored and over four hundred graves have been found, and every day of the month has added to our collection fresh monuments for the history of an age hitherto unknown.The work has proved extremely heavy. Winds and torrents have swept away the upper levels, and though along the edge of our digging there yet remains the stump of the huge wall which Nebuchadnezzar built round the sacred Temenos, yet inside that the very foundations of his buildings and of buildings for older than his have vanished and only in one spot we find a scanty relic of a wall so late as the time of Bur-Sin, king of Ur in 2200 B. C.: otherwise the latest remains, lying but a foot or so beneath the modern surface, are those of a building put up about 3,000 B. C. This being so one might expect the graves to be shallow, and indeed we do find some quite high up in the denuded soil; but many, and amongst them the richest, lie fifteen and twenty feet down under stratus after stratum of piled rub-bish, wind-blown ash and slowly accumulated earth representing the lapse of centuries. The latest of the graves in the main cemetery date before 3,000 B. C.; the lowest and the earliest must be five hundred years older and carry us back into a period of whose history the ancient writers have preserved nothing but a list of mythical kings who, each reigning for hundreds of years, bridged the gulf between the known world and the Flood.26:
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URMarch 3. 1932Dear Jayne,I enclose with this my report for February and the statement of accounts. Newspaper articles have been sent as usual to Hill to be forwarded to you. There are few photographs this time, partly because some of the sites don't photograph well, partly because of the weather, which has made photography difficult. The lack of them does not mean that results are not satisfactory. as I trust the report will shew.Now as to Miss Baker. I go up to Baghdad on the 19th and shall have four days there. During that time I hope to make out a list of all the things there of which coloured drawings should be made, and of this list I shall send a copy to you for her use; then she will be able to work here independently of my presence. I shall also talk of the matter to Dr. Jordan, the Director of Antiquities, and see that she has all facilities for the work in the Museum. When I get to England I shall do the same, and though I expect to be there when she comes, she would certainly like to have a list in advance. Of course I quite agree about the expenses; it is a very good thing that [following words underscored Maya Pottery] can pay for her travelling from and to the States, but with the help of the Carnegie Fund we can well manage the costs between Europe and Baghdad; and I also agree as to the advisability of having all the colour work done by one hand.As to the use of gold or paint, I agree with you. For reproducing illuminated MMS., where the gold is flat in the original, metal seems to me the best; but for gold objects I do not think it is a success.:
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URNov. 29. 1926Dear Gordon,I send herewith my first report, which I hope will please you;we really are doing quite well. Newspaper accounts have as usual gone toKenyon to be forwarded by him to you so as to have simultaneous publication.I hope that I may be able to send some photographs next week, - the ruins willmake excellent pictures, - but the weather has been most trying, and we havehad a thoroughly uncomfortable time: now there is an improvement here, thoughBaghdad had record rain no longer ago than last Saturday night.I have to catch the overland mail so cannot write more for the moment.I trust that you received safely the plans and photographs which I commissionedMallowan to forward to you from London, and also the copies of photo titles.Yours sincerelyC. Leonard Woolley [signature]1 [ink manuscript enclosed in a circle]:
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Uruk. J. Nasr
to Red Stratum
[3 in upper right corner note]:
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usual horned mitre, braids, long beard
bull's ears-Probably bracelets
garment not distinguish_d
Moulded plaque. Fr_t:
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v
"Su-illa" goddess.
Copper statuette of a woman standing with hands raised in the attitude of prayers.. Her hair is done in heavy chignon. & she wears a long flounced dress
Found. under NW. alter in the
temple of Ningal of Kurigalzu, below the brick work
cf.U.3327: mud statuette of the
"mu-ir-ru-um, mu-kin par-si.
Ur exc. Vol II. Zig. p. 57.:
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value £800British MuseumLondon. W.C.1.July 4. 1924.The box despatched by me on May 12, 1924, to the Director of the University Museum, Philadelphia, contains the antiquities, viz. -One gold ring, Greek period [checkmark] £120.Set of gold applique ornaments, Roman period. £12.15 7 heads - 15 small discsFragment of bronze-mirror case, Greek. [checkmark] £1.15Bronze mirror, Roman [checkmark] £45Bronze bowl, Arab, 12-13th century A.D. £42I certify that all are of ancient workmanship.Signed,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]Director of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the University Museum, Philadelphia.:
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Vase of glazed frit. Sides decorated w. petals in relief which we coloured alternately yellow & black (?) - colours are bleached & the " (?) scarcely shews :
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visit of the American representative or the division could not next year be arranged to take place in October, which is by far the most convenient month not only for us here personally (as it does not collide with anybody's summer holiday) but also for the dividers, since now there is no crowd and no work can be done more comfortably and more quickly. Also I asked her when we are to expect the [?return?] of our things sent last March. I have many questions made to me about them by the public, and I tell them [?they?] must wait a bit; they will see them in the summer. I do not press for their return till the early summer, when there is [?less?] danger of storms, but I hope they will come in May or June, not later, unless of course, Kenyon asks your Director to send them earlier. We have got Nathaniel Reich here now; au secours!Yours ever, H.R. Hall:
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Votaress w. dress_d hair & headd.
[Tambourine player]:
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Votive clay bull. inscribed: nam [cuneiform symbol] (REC. 316:
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W. end EM
Found in connect. W. Larsa pave_t of store room containing tablets
Mud- owl
Oblong block w. round_d edges - Two cavilies for eye sockets. in each 2 cowry shell. Nose roughly pinch_d. Carily in top: d. 20 mm :
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Waist d legs of nude Fem. Base round_d out to form a stand. :
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War chariots:
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War god w. battle axe & dagger. Horn_d mitre up [?] under round knob. Formal curls two braids framing long square beard.
Bull's ears (=Enkidu). Necklace & bracelet. Short embroidered loin cloth. Opening in front is a Pleated shawl folded. hanging from the waist. to the heels.
Battle axe has a curved blade ending in a hook (hatchet like) - Classical dagger
Moulded plaque
(dagger is dubious-may be or curved clubs?):
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War god. Nergal: with shield & spears in left and brandishing a scimitar (curved blade) in right.
Short embroidered loin cloth opening in front- Round turban, short hair, Long beard.
Scimitar type, actually found at Lagash
Shield oblong, deeply indented above & below, apparently a skin on a frame.
The spear has a butt end (like a tail) the head may have barbs.:
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Warrior:shield, weapons
Trampling
Walking
Victor over foes:
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was discovered by me [previous word is underscored], working for the British Museum alone in 1919 and [word scribbled out] partly excavated by me: the lion-head I shewed you here earlier in the year came from it. Woolley completed in 1924 the work I had begun in 1919.As the reference in your article absolutely ignores me, although I had sent copies of my preliminary articles describing the excavation to Dr. Gordon, I must ask for a correction in the Journal [original has some writing on top of other words here], and have written to Dr. Gordon in this [?sense?].I am,Yours very truly,H. R. Hall. Dr. L. Legrain.:
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was granted two more weeks vacation to make the division.Many thanks for the letters forwarded and the first copy of the Ur texts I ever saw. Both volumes arrived in perfect condition and I need not to feel shy about them. They are nice babies. and thanks to you I am a proud father.Up to the 17 of Sept. I am a free bird enjoy my good time. I am just back from a twelve day trip to Alenson Fougeres, Dinand, Val-André, Jocelyn. St Nazaire - Noirmoutier island - and all the Loire châteaux by the dozen. I saw so many castles, abbayes, cathedrals that I get quite confused. Many charming American visitors at each station. I had no troubles with the engine. Only seven nails and punctures. Darn those very careless Frenchmen. \"We\" do better on the other side.Will you give my best regards and love to all round you. You know !Yours sincerly L. Legrain:
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Water buffalo? Head alone.:
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way - But in Bagdad I was assured that the Palmyra road was unsafe and closed. Here more than anywhere else it is hard to know the whole bare truth. Anyhow our driver went back five day later over the same way. I visited Ktesiphon and Babylon on my way to Ur. The new wing was scarcely finished when I arrived. The new assistant and the lady manager are quite good society and we all work for the best. I brought here [?your?] two books of Miss G. Bell presented to the Joint Expedition. They were well received- I paid in Bagdad my first visit to the famous author of the books and delivered your message which was gracefully accepted. You heard perhaps the famous rumor of Dr. Ed Chiera being attached to Angora government as chief of the secret police. The news came from those busy bodies of the League of Geneva and Bagdad was very much disturbed by it. We expect the visit of two good Americans Dr. Albright and Dr. Dougherty successor of Dr. Chiera- I paid a visit to the American Consul in Bagdad and mentioned your intention to finish the HIllah question - deposit of goods by the Nippur expedition- Did you write to him in the same sense? I told it to Woolley too. And we perhaps will go together to see what may[Note written vertically on left side of page] be saved- Yours sincerely, Leon Legrain:
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we shall not demur. As you are this year contributing a member of the staff, I hope you will at the end of the season have the same advantage as we have hitherto had in the matter of first-hand lectures on the results.I am trying to get outside assistance, but do not think we shall be able to contribute more than £1250, or £1500 at most. If you do the same, we shall have a total of £2500 or £3000, and Woolley must cut his coat according to his cloth. It will mean either a shorter season or a selection of portions of the site which do not need the employment of large gangs of labour; probably the latter. When you know what you can do, perhaps you will cable the result, so that Woolley can have his instructions before he starts. He would like, if possible, to have half his grant available at the end of August, and the other half at the end of December, as last year. We can advance all, or the greater part, of our contribution at once.Believe meYours very sincerely(signed) F. G. Kenyon:
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WEIGHT OF GOLD OBJECTS FROM UR OF THE CHALDEESRibbons....... 1.04 lbs.Gold comb...... 1.25 lbs.Earrings (2)..... 60 oz. Crown (rings) 0.53 lb.Crown (leaves) .... 0.44 lb.Crown (leaves tipped) 0.375 lb.Egg (inlaid) ..... 0.816 lb.Adze ......... 0.648 lb.Hair pin ....... 1.94 oz.Chisel (#2) ...... 0.141 oz.Chisel (#3) ...... 0.176 oz.Chisel (#1) ...... 1.305 oz.Fluted bowl ..... 0.385 lb.Plain bowl ...... 0.536 lb.Cup ......... 0.705 lb.Lamp feeder ..... 0.54 lb.:
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Wellesley CollegeWellesley, MassachusettsDear Jayne,Your letter of the 14th has caught up with me: I'm very sorry that we haven't yet got news from the [??illegible word] people but trust that all will be right. Very many thanks for the [??bags] which reached me safely in New York so that I was able to get hold of my passport.Could you ask the University whether we can borrow for the expedition the [??illegible word] & plane [??table] which we shall need for the survey work? it would:
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were any New-Babylonian[underlined] tablets from Ur in your charge at Philadelphia? I think you said that there were some; if this is so, could you tell me (roughly) how many? The reason of my enquiry is that I am thinking of proposing to someone here that he should undertake the New-Bab. publication, and he will naturally, if inclined to consider it, want to know how much he is threatened with.Further about Ur (alas!)--the proofs of your lists of names etc. ought to be ready to send off to you soon.As this will be my last chance, let me send my very good wishes for a happy Christmas.Yours very sincerely,C.J. Gadd:
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Western Union CablegramDecember 16, 1925WOOLLEYEASTERN BANKBASRABOX SHIPPED LONDON STEAMER NIGARISTAN CONSIGNED MESOPOTAMIA CORPORATION BASRAGORDONPAID--CHARGE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM:
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WESTERN UNION CABLEGRAMFebruary 20, 1925KENYONBRITISH MUSEUMLONDONFOR OUR ACCOMMONDATION IN EMERGENCY IF AGREEABLE TO YOU WE WOULD LIKE TO TAKE OVER WOLLEY AND STAFF FOR SEASON'S WORK AT BEISAN AFTER CONCLUSION SEASON AT UR. STOP. PROPOSAL IS THAT UR EXPEDITION LEND WOLLEY TO BEISAN EXPEDITION FOR ONE SEASON BEGINNING APRIL FIRST. AM SOUNDING WOOLLEY TODAY BY CABLE. WIRE WHETHER YOU CONSENT TO PROPOSAL IF ACCEPTABLE WOLLEY.GORDON:
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WESTERN UNION CABLEGRAMFebruary 20, 1925WOOLLEYEASTERN BANKBASRAFISHER RETIRED RESUMPTION EXCAVATION BEISAN IMPERATIVE ARE YOU PREPARED TAKE CHARGE BEGINNING WORK APRIL WITH LEGRAIN AND STAFF [handwritten] (Will make arrangements) ADIPISCERE WITH KENYON BEISAN [handwritten] Expenses to be paid by us ELFGESANG BEISAN FUNDS [handwritten] £4,500 ISOGNIC SEASON RUNS FOUR MONTHS PROPOSALS IN MY LETTER [handwritten] January 6 JABOTAGES REGARDING EGYPT DEFERRED ACTIUNCULA [handwritten] Cable answer ABC Code [?j Ch?] EditionGORDON:
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WESTERN UNION CABLEGRAMJanuary 20, 1925KENYONBRITISH MUSEUMLONDONWILL MEET YOUR £50. WILL CONTRIBUTE ADDITIONAL £250. TOTAL CABLED EASTERN BANKGORDONPaid - Charge University Museum:
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WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM [various terms of service in header]Received at [stamped location as follows] 3038 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PENN[text of telegram below] 79FY FNM 8FI NEWYORK NY 248P JUNE 2 1926 DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY MUSEUM 68 PHILADELPHIA PENN JUST ARRIVED ON FRANCE WILL REACH PHILADELPHIA FRIDAY LEGRAIN 209P:
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WESTERN UNIONAUGUST 13, 1928To KENYONStreet and No. BRITISH MUSEUMPlace LONDONPLEASE CABLE SELLING PRICE UR TEXTSMcHUGHSEND PREPAID AT DEFERRED RATE;CHARGE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM:
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WESTERN UNIONCABLEGRAMJanuary 18, 1928To KENYONBRITISH MUSEUM LONDONLETTER OF DECEMBER 19 RECEIVED IN ANY CASE WEWILL GO TO LIMIT OF 2500 POUNDS WISH YOU BESTLUCK FOR NEW YEAR AND FOR YOUR EFFORTS RAISING FUNDSG.B..GORDON:
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WESTERN UNIONCABLEGRAMJanuary 21, 1925WOOLLEYEASTERN BANKBASRAAPPROPRIATION INCREASED BY350 POUNDSGORDONPAID CHARGE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM:
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WESTERN UNIONCABLEGRAMJanuary 28 1925WOOLLEYEASTERN BANKUR IRAK (deleted, handwritten)BASRALAICO URGORDONPaid - Charge University Museum:
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WESTERN UNIONCABLEGRAMJanuary 4, 1928WOOLLEYEASTERN BANKBASRA IRAQCONGRATULATIONS EAGER FOR FULL REPORT SEASONS GREETINGSJANE McHUGHPAID-- CHARGE UNIVERSITY MUSEUMSEND HALF RATE DEFERRED:
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WESTERN UNIONCABLEGRAMJANUARY 5, 1925WOOLLEYEASTERN BANKBASRA IRAKAPPROPRIATION NOW TOTALS 3812 POUNDSWRITING TODAYGORDON:
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WESTERN UNIONCABLEGRAMJuly 24, 1924KenyonBritish MuseumLondonCable Amount Woolleys Estimate Next Years WorkGordon:
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WESTERN UNIONJanuary 20, 1930KENYONBRITISH MUSEUMLONDONELEVEN CASES UR OBJECTS SHIPPED AQUITANIA JANUARY SIXTEENTHJAYNE:
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WESTERN UNIONJune 15, 1929HALLBRITISH MUSEUMLONDONLEGRAIN NOW IN EUROPE CANNOT REACH HIM UNTIL JUNE 21HAVE ASKED HIM TO COMMUNICATE WITH YOU HE WROTE YOURMUSEUM SOMETIME AGO FOR APPOINTMENT FOR DIVISIONMcHUGHPREPAID WEEK END LETTER[torn paper]HARGE MUSEUM OF UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA:
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WESTERN UNIONReceived at 3307 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, Penn.17p TB VIA RCACD London 17 16/1455LC DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY MUSEUMPHILADELPHIAPLEASE SEND GOOD PRINT PHOTOGRAPH PLATE FIVE MUSEUM JOURNAL SEPTEMBER 1929WOOLLEY1011A SEP 16 1933:
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WESTERN UNIONReceived at Western Union Bldg., 230 So. 11th St., Philadelphia, Pa1927 JAN 13 AM 6 23NA223 CABLE BASRAH 11LCO ANTIQUE University of Penn museum.PHILADELPHIAPA. 33 SpruceFOUND PREHISTORIC CEMENTERY VERY RICH GOLD ETC.WOOLLEY.:
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WESTERN UNIONReceived at4 P FNM CABLE3038 CHESTNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA, PENN.[2/4/27][handwritten]BASRAH 13LCO ANTIQUEPHILA (UNIV OF PENN MUSEUM 33 AND SPRUCE ST)SELF AND EXPEDITION STAFF DEEPLY GRIEVED NEWS DIRECTORS DEATHWOOLLEY850A:
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WESTERN UNIONReceived atPC 13 33 CABLE=LONDON NOV 9/34OP LCDIRECTOR UNIVERSITY MUSEUM=PHA=YOUR CABLE NOVEMBER EIGHT STOP YOUR DECISION TO HAVE BILLS SENT AND PAY DIRECT INVITES CATASTROPHE IF DOLLARS FALLS LOWER STOP SHALL OF COURSE SUBMIT DETAILED ACCOUNTS=POOLLEY.(sic) 1219P.Nov. 9 1933:
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WESTERN UNIONSeptember 24, 1928To KENYONStreet and No. BRITISH MUSEUMPlace LONDONOUR BOARD APPROVES PROGRAM SUBMITTED BY WOOLLEY JULY ELEVENTHIF YOU CONCUR IN RECOMMENDATION OF REWARD TO WORKMEN THAT ALSOHAS BOARDS APPROVALMcHUGHSEND PREPAID AT DEFERRED RATECHARGE TO UNIVERSITY MUSEUMSender's address fo reference 33d SpruSpruce Sts.Sender's telephone number EVE.1241:
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What a tremendous work you must have had in copying in ink ovee[sic] 800 fragments of prehistoric seals. That work also will be a real boon when it is published, for it only when all[word underscored, and the sentence seems like a fragment] the available material so far discovered has been adequately published that it will be possible to gain an idea of the artistic capabilities and the range of subjects treated by the artists of the earliest known periods.It is exceedingly generous of the Pennsylvania University Museum Authorities to offer to present their publications to the 'Iraq Museum. What rejoicing there will be there when the joyful news reaches them!Have you seen Professor Walter Andrae's splendid new book, Die Ionische Säule[entire title underscored], brought out by a Firm whose name is new to us, Verlag für Kunstwissenschaft, Berlin-Friedenau? They have produced a very fine publication, and the illustrations are excellent and useful, for some of them are unusual, apart from the interest of his thesis.Thanking you once more for your letter, and for the delightful enclosures, and with cordial greeting from us both,Yours very sincerely,E. Douglas Van Buren [script signature]:
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Wheel
Light buff:
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Wheel - Rattles:
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Wheel shap_d rattle- small holes on one side- Drab:
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Wheel sh_d rattle- Hole broken in one side- Drab:
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Wheel-broken.
light clay:
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Wheel-Plain edge.
(=u.1294..):
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Wheel. Drab:
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Wheel. Red-:
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Wheel. red-Foliat_d edges.
Pierc_d thr. centre
(=u.1290):
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Wheel. Red. drab
split in two-1 side miss_g:
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Wheel. rogg_d rim-(worn)
Red.:
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When in 1922-3 I excavated E-Nun-Makh, the joint temple of the god and goddess of the Moon, work in the sanctuary itself was carried down only as far as the well-preserved brick pavements of Nebuchadnezzar: now I decided to pull these up and to test the lower and earlier levels. Almost at once a discovery was made which added a new chapter to a temple history already sufficiently long and varied; below the floors we found in position no less than four diorite door-sockets bearing the inscriptions of Marduk-nadin-ahi, king of Babylon from 1117-1100 B.C. recording his restoration of the shrine. No monument of this king had previously been found at Ur; so far as we know no Babylonian king for three hundred years had paid any attention to the city's buildings: it is not too fanciful to assume that Marduk-nadin-ahi's activities had a political motive and that he was making a bid for popularity in the South country with a view to his wars with Assyria, wars which were to lead in the end to his own overthrow and to the capture of Babylon by the northern enemy. Under the same pavement were other objects remarkable in another way. The first was an ivory casket-lid bearing an inscription in Phoenician, the first Phoenician inscription, I believe, that has been found in Mesopotamia; it is a dedication by a lady to Astarte, perhaps here identified with Nin-Gal the Moon Goddess. The second \"find\" was a complete toilet set in ivory lotus-shaped mirror-handle, powder-box, paint-pot in the form of a sphinx, and, the best piece of all, a fine-toothed comb bearing on either side a picture of a bull, exquisitely engraved in the finest Phoenician style; it was a set of which any lady might have been proud.But the success of the month's work has depended ultimately on the tombs, at least if success be reckoned by objects rather than by plans and details of history. Inside the south-east end of the later Temenos we have come upon a cemetery dating to a very early period, just before or just after 3000 B.C., which has yielded, besides much information about the primitive customs of the people, a wealth of fine:
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When Mr. Woolley in December 193 requested the transfer of substantially the entire balance of the fun, we had had no information that any contract had been let with the Oxford Press, indeed we had not even been appraised of what estimates had been presented or what commitments had been made, if any. Actually we were never informed of what the total cost of the volumes might be until eighteen months later. Without knowledge of actual contracts or commitments it was difficult for us to see any urgency for transferring the funds save to fall in with Mr. Wolley's though that the exchange was particularly favorable.We therefore expressed unwillingness to transfer virtually the entire balance when the pound was at $3.17. We stated, certainly, that we thought the pound might go lower, but this was not a hope on our part to gain such small enhancement in the value of the pound as might accrue from a few points further fall in the pound, but rather an apprehension that if the fund were transferred to England and the pound hopelessly devaluated the money might be lost altogether. Such a coarse might conceivably be interpreted as speculation. It might also be construed as reasonably cautious in view of the uncertainties of the foreign exchange situation at that time.:
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when the pumps have to be called into action again to deal with the constant inflow; the whole scene with the great pit with the caisson at the bottom, pumps and tanks at different levels, pulley-ropes and projecting platforms improvised out of light railway line is as inlike an archaeological excavation as anything could be. Add to this that winter is on us, we have had plenty of frosts at night and only too much rain (the latter making our earth-cut steps more than a little dangerous) and you can imagine that it is not a pleasant task. I keep a fire going at the pit's bottom and I dose my men with hot tea and quinine, but it's a wonder that they stick it; - they wouldn't do so for their pay, but they have acquired a sporting spirit and declare thet they'll finish the job in spite of everything. Actually we have found (and shall find) no objects, but from a scientific point of view it is a remarkable interesting dig. I am certainly having a unique experience for my farewell to field work.Yours sincerely,Leonard Wooley.:
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which fall to the share of Philadelphia, while the Bagdad share will have to be divided between the two. To this end, it will be convenient to keep homogeneous groups of tablets together, unless indeed they are so numerous that complete parts can be produced both in London and in Philadelphia.As to format, I incline myself, when texts are issued with little or no classification, to publication in portfolios, which allows scholars to group the texts for their own convenience; but I have no very strong convictions on the subject.As to the commercial side of the business, I had thought at first of saying, Let Philadelphia publish in America and deal with all sales in America, and let the British Museum publish in England and deal with all sales in Europe. Which would make the most profit of it, I have no idea; but on the whole I suppose the fairest method will be for all parts to be issued by both Museums, for accounts to be kept, and costs and receipts shared. One point of detail on which you must advise is that of American copyright. Is it necessary to have the copies of an English part, intended for sale in America, set up in America? I should imagine that the danger of piracy is negligible, but you will know best. Another:
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which is - I believe - a good system since both partners are interested in making strictly equal lots for fear of loosing.6°) No possible work this saturday I run north to Hull for the week end and will be back Monday.7°) Received a word from R.E. Cooke actually in Glasgow. Ask me to come overImpossible. I will tell you m[?] when back.I congratulated W. and wife on their good fortune - not only to have met - but to have brought back such a splendid collection. W. deserve real credit as an excellent and careful field worker. He prepares a book on Sumerian life. He and wife will both lecture in America next year. He inquired about Miss [?] but I could give him no information. He looks well, happy and very much in demand. I expressed myself freely on the reconstruction of queen Shubad's head. What if it falls to our share !!!Yours sincerlyBest love to all friends.L. Legrain:
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White frit tortoise.
Criss cross markings on back & under s. Pierced for suspension. (cf U. 16755) :
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who might almost have converted me to your view, but on the other hand we had at Ur FitzGerald & my one regret was that other engagements didn't allow at his coming out a second time. English expeditions (partly perhaps through lack of funds) so constantly employ volunteers - Kish has had two, Petrie in Egypt almost lives on them, & so on - that the idea of an objection to such on principle hadn't occurred to me. Frankly I don't share it: it seems to me a matter of expediency not of principle, & I should be really very sorry to be debarred from taking advantage of voluntary help when that is in itself to the advantage of the expedition. But when I got your letter I felt obliged to see Kenyon at once, because I don't for a moment want to set up my opinion against yours, or against his, & of course if:
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who might almost have converted me to yourview, but on the other hand we had at UrFitzgerald & my one regret was that other en-gagements didn't allow of his coming out a second time. English expeditions (partly perhapsthrough lack of funds) so constantly employvolunteers--Kish has had two, Petrie in Egyptalmost lives on them, & so on--that the ideaof an objection to such on principle hadn'toccurred to me. Frankly I don't share it: itseems to me a matter of expediency not ofprinciple, & I should be really very sorry to bedebarred from taking advantage of voluntary helpwhen that is in itself to the advantage of theexpedition. But when I got your letter I feltobliged to see Kenyon at once, because I don'tfor a moment want to set up my opinion against yours, or against his, & of course if:
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whole of Ur's history: Nabonidus faced it in part of it with bright blue glazed bricks, now all fallen away and added to it on one side a sort of platform when we cannot yet be determined: in the old days it must have been an amazing monument. Even today its ruins form a landmark visible for many miles across the flat Mesopotamian desert. At the foot of the Ziggurat lies the temple building whose excavation was the main work of our season. It is the temple of the Moon God and his consort. Complete in itself, the temple is at the same time part of a great complex of shrines which filled up [?] most of the temenos area and culminated in the temple of Nannar himself. In 1919 Dr Hall had excavated dug out part of the sanctuary of the great Nannar temple. This still awaits complete excavation; the work we did on it this year shews that it the existing building was begun by Ur Engur and finished by his son (the walls bricks bear the older King's name whereas the floor bricks have that of Dungi) and that the it was divided into two parts of which one was the sanctuary proper and the other the a private dwelling, [?] presumably that of the chief priest. In the [?] masonry of one corner we found the foundation-deposit with a bronze figure of the King. The shrine temple of the Moon and his consort was on a smaller scale. The actual sanctuary was a little five-roomed building hidden away in the midst of long service-chambers, priests' quarters and [fire?]-rooms, the whole surrounded by a heavy wall. When the temple was founded we cannot say. It certainly was in existence before 2650 B.C., for we found [?] thrown out as useless and embedded in the floor, numerous inscribed stone vases dedicated in it by King [?] of that date Ur Engur had built here, but below what remains of his work were two strata of unbaked mud brick walls and below these again walls of 'green' brick laid in while still damp and reduced to a kind of [?;?][underneath the previous 2 unknown words is drawn the representation of a brick wall, followed by the words terre plein]:
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Wide square sh.-Two rounded
plaits of hair, one on either side
of head, fall below cap.
Rosettes on either side of breast.
Below beard an inverted crescent:
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will be our business to see that delay in enacting the law is not made an excuse for postponing the resumption of excavations. We have already put in a caveat to that effect, and perhaps I could give you a hint as to when a renewal of your application would be seasonable.I enclose a copy of the clause in the Turkish Treaty.Yours sincerely[signature] F.G. Kenyon:
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will you consult your bankers?It was a great disappointment to me to miss you when you were here; I hope for better luck next time.Woolley's news of the grant by the Carnegie Institute towards publication is very welcome. It will relieve the situation considerably.Yours sincerelyGeorge F HillP. S. You may be interested in the enclosed accounts, which show that you are £25.11.10 to the good.:
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Will you let me nkow your wishes with regard to casts of objects retained here or at Baghdad? You do not of course want everything; but I take it you would wish to have casts of all the black-and-white friezes (milking-scene, bulls, birds) of which the originals do not go to you, just as we propose to keep casts of those which go to you or to Baghdad. I do not suppose, however, that you will want casts of the copper bulls (the moulding of which, moreover, would be rather risky), as you have these amply represented by originals. You would perhaps like a cast of the little foundation-tablet, but I do not know that there is anything else that you will want.I understand that Woolley has now sent you all the photographs, and has also written to you about the division of last year's results, and as to the work of restoration which he has been able to do.I think this is all there is to say at present.I trust we shall have a successful season.Yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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will, & she has gone off to Ba [word cut off by folded corner of page] We decided to try doing the plain [word cut off by folded corner of page] objects by direct [?photographs? photography?]: Miss Baker didn't [word scribbled out] at all appreciate the idea of hand painting [?of? all of?] them, & we hope to get good direct results. I send you a proof of the trial plate taken [illegible word, possibly upon?] her drawing of beads & I think you will agree that it is excellent. Miss Baker herself was delighted with it.As to the expedition. We shall leave here about Dec. 5th & start work before Xmas. None of last year's staff can come again; but I have secured a very competent architect, Mr. Arthur E. Gott, who took his honors degree at Oxford & has since been working under Sir [?Gilbert?] Scott; and as:
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Without attempting to enter into premature detail, I had perhaps better mention the present situation of Dr. Legrain's book. The first part(the plates of cuneiform text) is finished and delivered in 350 copies, and ready for publication on completion of the second part. Of this second part, the Index (58 pp.) and Vocabulary (136 pp.) are both set up in type, but not yet printed off. Up to this point all costs are paid, and have been shared equally by the two Museums. The present cost of printing off the Index and Vocabulary would be, we are informed [pound symbol] 157-10-0.The remaining section is the Catalogue of the Tablets, for which we have, in one of our repositories, Dr. Legrain's manuscript. But I understand from him that he has since composed a fresh and improved version, so that he would perhaps not require the one here. But if he does, it would be accessible. yours very truly,C. J. Gadd:
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Wm. R. Nelson Foundation, Kansas City 193330-12-441 Gold ribbon (probably not all)30-12-751 String of gold and lapis conoids30-12-448 String of lapis conoids30-12-501 String small beads, mostly carinated; carnelian and a few lapis30-12-466 String of 5 long carnelian, 10 fluted barrel lapis and 5 fluted barrel gold beads30-12-752 Dog collar -- 8 lapis and 7 gold triangles30-12-474 (U 11953) Silver pin with lapis head30-12-512a Silver coil finger ring30-12-695a-b Pair of gold lunate earrings30-12-119 Cockle shell with blue and black paint30-12-117i Cockle shell with green paintNo Number Fluted silver cup. Rim D. 110x95 mm.; Base D. 45x43 mm.; H. 172 mm. Probably 30-12-760P 32 Pair of Persian doorsP 93 Persian bowlP 106 Persian bowlP 10 Large velvet29-68-2 Colossal Ghandara head29-64-242 Large Ghandara Standing FigureC 329 Chinese vase; ape and pine treeC 241 Ming 3-colour bottle:
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Woman nude. bend_g forward & sucking liquor through a pipe from vase set on ground. Behind her a male Fig. broken away from waist & rt. foor miss_g engag_d in copulation.:
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Woman nursing chlld.
Rough Model_g.
Drab.
:
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Woman suckl_g infant Drap_d & stand_g From waist up. Id. complete CBS. 17211:
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Woman's head, hand modell_d
Broad round face, pellet eyes. Arched eye brows-
Added hairband- Head flat above: veil?
Incised mouth.
Added lunate earring, and V shaped- necklace, marked with- missing- pellets. :
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Woman-broken away below arms cf. 1240 :
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Woman??
Nude offrant w. tumbler & basket
Type. 3. d. 3.
A - Head & feet miss_g :
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Wooley's reportplaced in Ur drawerBRITISH MUSEUM, London: W.C.1.18th November, 1927.Dear Mrs. McHugh, I enclose copy of a letter received from Mr. Woolley,for publication in the Times, where it appeared on Mondaylast. In his covering letter he said that he was not sendinga letter for the Press in general, nor for forwarding to you, as there was little yet to report, and he hoped to havesomething really worth publishing before long. I enclose, however, a copy for your information.Meanwhile his hopeful forecast has been confirmed.Yesterday I received a cable message, in Latin, reporting thediscovery of a complete royal burial, evidently of the earliestperiod. I do not propose to make any announcement of thisuntil fuller details are received. Then I will forward themto you, reserving publication here until a date which willgive you ample time to arrange for simultaneous publicationon your side.We shall soon be withdrawing our exhibition of lastyear's results, and the objects for Baghdad will have to be returned. Is it your view at the division between yourselves and us had better be postponed until the completion of theexcavation of the cemetery which is yielding such rich results?Unless you are anxious for an exhibition at an early date,there is a good deal to be said for such a postponement. Weshall then be able to treat the proceeds of the cemetery asa whole.The volume of texts is ready to go to the printers,and printing will be commenced forthwith.:
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Woollen cap-or band across forehead
w. central ornament, demon's head w gaping mouth.
Wrinkles all over-Pug nose. Grinning mouth, teeth, beard? Eyes not perfor_d
High cheekbones-
Mild looking:
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Woolley and Mr.Mallowan, Father Burrows will again be able to go out as cuneiformist (which at one time seemed improbable), and that we shall also have the services as architect of Mr.Whitburn, who was a member of the expedition in 1926-7. The most that we shall need, therefore, is an untrained assistant who might come out with a view to gaining experience in field archaeology and thus being useful in future years. Such a man should only be taken if he intends to take to field archaeology as a profession. Otherwise the time expended in training him and superintending his work is disproportionate to the value of his services. It is also essential that he should be personally acceptable and likely to work harmoniously with the other members of the expedition. On this point I enclose a letter which I have received from Mr.Woolley. You will see that while he would gladly have welcomed an American comrade if he could have seen him and discussed matters with him while he was in America, he is rather disturbed at the suggestion that someone might be sent to him whom he had not seen in advance. /You:
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Woolley himself has not said anything about it.How sorry I am that Dr Gordon did not live to see these great results!Yours sincerelyF. G. Kenyon.:
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Woolley's balance to April 30. 1924 submitted in letter dated May 24. 1924In London 538. 7.10" Basra 48.17. 3High Commission - Irak 167. 4. 5Akras Fréres [?Alef?] po. 21. 0. 0 _________Total credits 775.9.6Against this credit stand the following charges -Gadd's salary to be ret'd toBritish Mus. [?] to Woolleyin error______________________ £.215.Irak for guards 167.4.5Aleppo.. guard 21.0.0Newton's Salary 30 s. @day say 2 mos-50 days 75.00Woolley's salary per mo.- <strike>£50.</strike> @50 [?] mo - 2 mos 100.00 ___________ 578.4.5 Balance ________ In Basra - 48.17.3 197.5.1 " London 148. 7.8 ________ Total 197. 5.1:
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Woolley's statement 1928 - 29Grants from Trustees -----£5002-12-1There should be Balance......£5-4-2British Museum 2500-0-0U.ofP[?].Museum 2500-0-0[line drawn to denote calculation beneath]5005-4-2a difference of £2-12-1 which may be accounted for if the British Museum deducted their share of the balance from their 1928-29 payment.[line of separation]There are some errors in addition, due to which the actual expenditure listed total about [pound symbol]15-9-6 more than the total figures Mr. Woolley gives. [line of separation]In converting Rupees to [pound symbol] s, I have not figured fractions accurately; merely averaged then, so there may be and slight variation (less than a pound) in the whole account:
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WOOLLEYBRITISH MUSEUMLONDON NOV 8, 1933APOLOGIZE PROLONGED DELAYS IN ANSWERING REGARDING PUBLICATION FUNDS STOP CONSTANT DIFFICULT DISCUSSIONS PRESIDENT BOARD PREVENTED REPLYING STOP INSTRUCTED TO SAY IN VIEW TERMS CARNEGIE GRANT NOT TO YOU BUT DIRECTLY TO UNIVERSITY MUSEUM STRONG FEELING DEVELOPED FUNDS SHOULD NOT BE TURNED OVER FOR EXPENDITURE YOUR DISCRETION BUT PAYMENTS MADE BY US DIRECTLY FOR EXPENSES INCURRED STOP INSTRUCTED TO ASK FOR FULLER DETAILS ACCOUNTING EXPENDITURE INITIAL FIVE THOUSAND STOP MEANWHILE HAVE PERSUADED PRESIDENT CABLE TWENTY FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS IMMEDIATELY ON ACCOUNT OF PRESENT BILLS BUT ALL OTHERS MUST BE FORWARDED HERE FOR DIRECT PAYMENT STOP EMBARRASSED SENDIN YOU THIS NEWS BUT ADMINISTRATIVE SITUATION MUCH ALTERED STOP ALL SATISFIED DECISION TO SUSPEND UR THIS YEAR IF YOU BELIEVE WISEST AGREE SUGGESTED ARRANGEMENTS PERMANENT CLOSING REGARDS.JAYNE:
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work.I hope to have accounts [?ready?] in a very short time now & will send them along. The cased objects ought to be in the D[?] but of course there is a congestion there which it will take some time to overcome. the strike has been a [?wonderful?] experience, though a costly one!Will write again soonYours sincerelyC. Leonard Woolley:
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working in London, you could not satisfactorily reproduce the [??blue??] of the Ur jewels, & I recommended you to a shop where they had the [??illegible word, possibly medieaval??] colour made of powdered lapis lazuli, so that you could paint with the identical material of the objects?My writing goes ahead as well as I can expect when my subject--man's progress in civilisation--is so vast a one. It is difficult but fascinating work, and I should like to be spared long enough to finish it. Other books go well: that on my last dig at [?Acdhana?], is now out, and another Ur volume is due at any moment. Thanks to a glorious summer and autumn (the winter has not even now set in) I've been able to do a good deal in the garden and ought to see the results next spring.[note that there are pencilled X's over these last three paragraphs.]Now I must stop, to look up the lessons which I have to read in church today!Please give my best regards to Miss Allen, & be sure that you have my [??thoughts??] now and all my good wishes for 1956.Yours very sincerely,Leonard Woolley.:
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Worshiper & kid. He carries the animal astride his left arm. His right is hanging.
down - perhaps nude with only a belt. Long hair tied w. a band. Long beard curls on shoulders (Nebo type) - Broken at waist. - Moulded. :
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would think new copies of these dates superfluous. All could appear in transcription. In any case the list cannot be included in the plate volume as this must now be printed in its present form, or I shall lose the money to pay for the printing.Thank you for getting your Director's consent to the additional plates and also for adding your honour to the title.With very kind regardsYours SincerelySidney Smith.:
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Written diagonally across upper left of page: Not acknowledged. [?GMB?]Thackeray HotelOpposite the British MuseumGreat Russell StreetLONDON, W.C.1.TELEGRAMS: THACKERAY, LONDONTELEPHONES: MUSEUM 1230 - 1231August 1st, 1931Dear Mr. Jayne,The work at the British Museum is over. The division is finished, and every one seems satisfied. Of course the material was this year much reduced compared to previous years.We have in our share the large Terracotta figure representing a god holding a sprouting vase, one of the main objects. The rest is the usual amount of clay figurines, seal cylinders:
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xxxm 4/1936:
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Yes, I heard from Woolley of his success with the Carnegie Corporation; but I've had no official letter, so that I do not know to whom, or in exactly what terms, to write in acknowledgement. I expect however very soon to hear from Woolley.Yours sincerelyGeorge F Hill [signature]:
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You asked for a photo of myself. I'll certainly send one, buthave not had any by me and so must be taken again and when thatoperation is over I'll send a specimen.It has been hard work this spring: there was ( and is) atremendous lot to do on the antikas, and this work has been complicatedby my own worries. My wife was really very ill by the time we got back: her sight was still very bad (she is not supposed to read yet)and she was suffering from septic poisoning in the bones of her face.She had three operations and spent some time in hospital and is stillunder treatment, but:
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you for your inspection and comments, and for any details for which I shall have to depend upon you; in particular, we shall have to agree which objects are to be published by photographs direct from the originals - I will send a list of suggestions.All best wishes,Yours very sincerely,C. J. Gadd.:
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you may not lose on time.With best wishes for your holiday till we meet. (I noted the plutocratic car and the American tourist attitude: Are you eating pop-corn[sic] and swilling ice-water[sic]?)YoursSidney Smith. [underscored]:
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you may wish and be able to have the Museum represented by another man on the staff; and architects with no particular archaeological training should be as numerous in America as in England. Anyhow, here is a point for you to consider, and I thought it well to give you fair warning of future needs as early as possible. I only wish that in other seasons I could have with me so helpful and so pleasant a staff as I have had this.The ziggurat is magnificent; we finished work on it, (i.e., on the NE face) except for one or two little points that may want clearing up, yesterday, and are now tracing out the rest of the great building with the paved court that lies below it; that will soon be done, and I propose before the end of the dig to clear also the SE face of the ziggurat, leaving only the short NW face to be dealt with when we excavate the buildings on that side. So the original programme will virtually been completed.When work is finished, I'll let you have a final report and articles for the Press.Best regards,Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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you please see Gordon the the point & ask him to have copies made of the hand-copies which you have? I want to save expense so suggest that copies be made only of the brick inscriptions, door sockets & cone texts thus excluding classes which are not so likely to recur in duplicates etc. Of course photography suggests itself as the medium, but I should prefer to have, if possible, prints on ferro-gallic paper, which could be done by an architect's office: These should be considerably cheaper & would have the extra advantage of being identical in size with the originals. If you can get this done with your set, which is far the most complete, I can fill up any gaps by having copies made from Smith's & Gadd's hand-copies. The translations I of course:
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You will no doubt have had news in London of Legrain's successful termination of the share of the Ur finds and of the plans for the publications; with the seals and terracottas falling to Legarin's lot we shall have a happy Curator under our roof next winter. The weather is much cooler and all goes well with us here. I hope that Mrs. Jayne and you are having a fine holiday and that you have had good luck with Obeelaeoader. Best regards to Mrs. Jayne and yourself. Sincerely yours:
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You will of course use your own judgement in the matter. On the one hand we should all welcome American cooperation in the field, and you have a clear right to be so represented if you wish it. On the other, it is certainly desirable that the director of an expedition should have a voice, and perhaps a decisive voice, in the selection of his staff, whether American or English; and candidates cannot be accepted without careful consideration. We have had several applicants here in past years whom we did not accept.I do not think there is any other matter of present importance, so I conclude with best wishes Yours sincerely[Signature] F. G. KenyonH.H.F.Jayne,Esq.Director of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.:
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Young goddess seated sideway on 2 curved square stool built like a gateway with 3 recesses, and a curved in top. ending in projecting crooked corners perhaps padded cushion or rug-
Fine Kaunakes robe- 7 tiers of flocks-
partly covering arms and both shoulders
-half sleeves-
six string choker.
Ah. mitre-Long curls on shoulders
2 bracelets:
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your affair. I shall be content in whatever way the money reaches Woolley.His letter reports better results and a lot of tablets but gives no details.Yours sincerely[signature] F.G. Kenyon:
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your will.Mrs. Keeling flourishes & has made great progress with plan-drawing : she hopes to start on plane-table Work soon : I think that she has quite settled to come out again to Iraq & Ur.Best regards to Gordon, & to yourself all good will:YrsC. Leonard Woolley [script signature with flourish]:
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Youth walk_g rt.:
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[-27-] indicated upper top of note
Mould
v
suilla Goddess
Facing
Profile:
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[-9 indicated upper right corner]
Arch - Hd-model_d
Nude Woman
Snow ball techniq:
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[1 circled top of note]
H_d model_d clay fig. Fem. (snowman)
Elaborate applied headd.. Arms broken. but were free. Broken at waist.- Part of chest flaked off.:
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[100 circled top of note]
War god holding two weapons In right the axe, vertical blade in a curved wooden shaft terminating in an animal head (Bird, lion?)
In left the adze with horizontal blade resting over shoulder.:
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[101 circled top of note]
Beard_d Fig. w. horn_d headdr
holding emblems.
mould_d red clay
Found w. cyl. U.1720
2 axes. Horn_d mitre-Bull's ears-
Braids-Beard-Bold w round plaques kaunakes robe:
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[102 circled top of note]
war god. probably holding club and scimitar.
Horned mitre, long beard-bull's ears (?). 3 p. of horns below round kn ok.
Fr_t of a moulded plaque.:
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[104 circled top of note]
Fr_t
moulded
plaque
war god carrying round headed club (r) and straight adze(:y1.)- (double shaft)
garment made of belt of ropes garnished with daggers.
Long beard & nose-Round eyes-Long curls over shoulders-(Mitre:-lp. of horns?):
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[104 circled top of note]:
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[105 circled top of note]
Fr_t
moulded
plaque
War god: Horned mitre. Bull's ears.
Braids-squarebeard-
His mitred is covered by more p. of horns
forming canopy-from which streamers
descend to his arms-These may be:
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[106 circled upper top of note]
TC. relief. Greenish pottery.
2 male fig. advancing Front. Feather head-dress-Long hair curled over ears
Sem. nose-Beard in 3 rows of short curls-Long straight hair
Rt. arm by the side-L. holds the litmus
Drap ery to knees, crossing legs diagonal_y
2 legs behind to make relief stand up.:
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[109 circled top of note]
TC. relief. Beard_d man. full face.
hands folded below breast. Elaborate drapery. Fr_t from waist up
Idem.
30-12-547:
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[110 circled upper top of note]
Worshiper and kid (Markhur goat) offering
which he presses w. both hands to his chest-Fringed shawl over the left shoulder
Turban, long square beard-Short hair
necklace. Bracelets-.
Moulded plaque. Broken: 80x68mm:
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[111 circled upper top of note]
Clay relief. Man in fring_d dress
of Gudea [type initially indicated then crossed out replaced by]style, facing front. and bearing a kid or goat. in his arms.:
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[111 circled upper top of note]
Worshiper carrying a kid in both arms pressed to his chest-Front legs hanging
over his left arm-Fringed shawl over:
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[115 circled upper top of note]
Fr_t Mould_d TC relief.
Fig. advancing rt. Long skirt
above which open skirt w. Fringed
edge-Broken at waist:
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[116 circled upper top of note]
Fr_t moulded relief. Back of a chair
2 worshiping deities, on either side of an emblem on 2 post-the sun disk on top of 2 tree trunk (tree of life)
R. & L. are the colossal club, the spears (the emblems) of Ishtar (The great IB)
(Introd. p.64)-Trees. Gates-?
Horned mitre-Long hair rolled up-
Kaunakes-Shu-il-la:
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[116 circled upper top of note]
TC. plaq. Bottom 1/2 missing
Low relief-2 upright Fig. heavily
drap_d, wearing conical head_d. stand w. h. upraise_d Facing [each o initially indicated then crossed out replaced by] either side of vertical post-Post broader below than above, narrow neck, broader top. Supporting cres_t moon.
Behind each Fig. a mace w round_d head planted vertical_y in the ground:
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[117 circled upper top of note]
Fr. Moulded back of chair
Two attendant goddesses holds standards on either side of the crescent emblem between two smaller emblems (star, clubs or crescents) on top of one standard: a duck-on the second a dog (dragon, goat fish?)
Horned mitre. Hair rolled up on neck:
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[118 circled top of note]
Grotesq. Bes. fig-standing on male god passant-w. scorpion tail-
Drab clay.:
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[120 circled upper part of note]
TC. relief moulded.
Grotesq. male mask. Hollow behind holes through eyes & at edge for susp. Red_sh clay-white slip.
Humbaba mask. Moulded. Convex plaque wrinkles-grin-beard-horns-low forehead low hair, ridge between eyes-perforated pupils & nostril.-Side holes over ears for suspension.-Shaggy beard-moustache hung over nose.:
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[121B circled indicated top of note]
Mould_d red clay mask. Grotesque:
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[121B circled indicated top of note]Humbaba's mask. Moulded plaque.:
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[123 circled indicated top of note]Faience mask. Grotesque.
Traces of blue glaze:
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[123 circled indicated top of note]Faience mask. Grotesque
Traces of blue glaze:
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[139 circled upper top of note]
TC. plaque relief. Lion passant. Roaring Tail curled.
Only core moulded-Finer details rendered on slip?:
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[14 , circled in pencil in the upper right hand corner.]URIRAQDecember 25, 1928.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you an interim report in explan-ation of my cable despatched on the 22nd instant. Owing to the littletime at my disposal I have ventured to put this in the form of an article for publication in the Press and will here only add such detailsas are not required for publication.As experience had shown that my wife and I were able to cope with the tomb-digging, on Mr. Mallowan's arrival here on December 10th I engaged a fresh gang of fifty men and put them in his charge for the clearing of the chambers along the front of the Nannar temple, the courtyard of which we had cleared lasr [sic] season: this work is going satisfactorily, and though no important results have yet been secured there is always hope of a discovery of tablets. In any case the work is essential.As my separate report shows, the discoveries in the tombs have gone far to rival those of last year. I send photographs of the three harps still in the ground, as the measures necessary for their removal made further photographs impossible, but all three will with proper treatment make very fine Museum specimens in spite of the fact that the silver is completely oxidised and the statues flattened. The quality of the most ornate piece is shown by the photograph of the gold head, of which one side is badly crushed but the other almost perfect: restoration of that is of course relatively easy.Of the ram statues, one was completely flattened but preserved[NB pencil line around part of sentence beginning with 'on Mr Mallowan's arrival.... and ending with 'the courtyard.\"]:
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[14 circled upper top of note]
Moulded plaque, broken middle
Idem
u.1530
Nude, bejeweled. standing:clasped
Light beaded veil covering shoulders & breast.
chocker-2 string bead necklace. pendant inverted flower of pomegranate. Lunate earrings..
Hair band-Locks right & left
comb ornament.
Slim, youth. Round Face :
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[148 circled top of note]
:
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[15 circled upper to
p of note]:
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[15 circled upper top of note]
Moulded plaque-Broken middle
Idem. u. 1021: 14994
u. 17169.
Nude, bejeweled, clasped, seated(?) Framed in by stars & crescent, border line checker, second string of beads Light beaded veil over shoulders half arms and breasts.
Double bangle
Double lunate earrings
hair flat above, drawn behind ears.
tied above eyebrows:
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[17 upper right top of note]
Puzuzu
Masks:
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[171 circled upper right top of note]:
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[173 circled top of note]
TC. pig?:
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[177, 178 circled top of note]
3 Fig. of animals roughly modelled in clay.:
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[17A circled upper right top of note]
Hand model_d
x shaped hollow seat w. side arm rests Two snakes creep up at the back. Heads & eyes just showing above the seat:
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[187 circled upper top of note]
Bedstead or chair-2 legs & back
missing-Drab clay-Decorat_d w
6(?) panels in relief, like the
quarterings of a shield.
v
..., dub-sar, Ama-Nam-AN:
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[187 circled upper top of note]
Seat of a chair-Back & feet broken-
decorated w stamped relief, in panels filled w. mixed linear characters and picture.
signs: perhaps to read:
Bar (or Ama): nam.an, dup-sar
one rol. of the inscript. is illegible.:
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[190 circled upper top of note]
Hand modeled-w. stamped relief
Back of a chair-seat broken.-2 feet
left out of four-Back divided in four
:
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[191 circled upper top of note]
Back of bed st or chair-
Relief. 2 birds facing among branch_s
Moulded yellow clay
"Nam-Nin"
Flying birds (storks) on nest-or
flowers-palm tree-:
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[192 circled upper top of note]
Red clay-Chair back-Relief. 2 birds
Flanking tree.:
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[1923 hand-written in top right hand corner]EXCAVATIONS IN MESOPOTAMIA.Memorandum of conference with Mr. G. B. Gordon and Mr. C. L. Woolley, 6/6/23Financial year to run from July 1st to June 30thDeficit for year ending June 30th, 1923, £319.13.6.£100 required immediately to pay guards on sitefrom July 1st to end of October; the money to be cabledout through Colonial Office.Estimate for 1923-24.Staff (1) Mr. Woolley, (2) Mr. Newton, (3) Mr. Gadd, (4) Mr. Fitzgerald.Mr. Newton to receive 30s. a day salary instead of 20s.; Mr Gadd's salary to be paid by British Museum; Mr. Fitzgerald requires no salary. Three foreman to be obtained from Jerablus, instead of the one employed last year.On this basis, if the field campaign were for 6 months, with Mr. Newton present all the time, the estimated total cost for 12 months is £4014 plus Mr Woolley's salary (£600) - £4614.Mr. Woolley however thinks it sufficient to estimate for 4 1/2(fraction)months actual work (not counting suspensions due to bad weather),and recommends that Mr. Newton be allowed to work in Egypt in the coming autumn, joining up in Mesopotamia about Jan 1st. 1924. On this basis the total estimate (including Woolley's salary) is £3700.£4000 agreed on as a safe estimate for the year 1923-24, provided no discoveries of very exceptional value,involving exceptional measures, be made.The:
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[193 circled upper top of note]
70x68mm
Fr_t of back of chair. Stamp_d relief Two dogs flanking a paved gate way. Double collars & curled up tail
"Back"?:
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[196 circled top of note]:
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[2 circled top of note]
TC. fig whitish Clay. H_d model_d (snowman):
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1
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[228 circled top of note]
crescent. Light coloured stone. Flat:
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1
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[229 circled top of note]
Two pottery crescents
The larger one w. incis_d lines:
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1
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[238 circled top of note]:
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1
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[239 circled top of note]:
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[245 upper top right note]
Mould
Dress_d Seat_d Goddess
rays on shoulders
Mitre
Armed w. club
Holding trees-Bird:
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1
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[255 circled middle of note]:
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[256 circled top of note]:
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[260 circled top of note]
TC. bear(:) squatting on its haunches collar round neck (?) possibly accidental
Bottom of fig. is hollowed. for purpose of fixing & there is also a shallow groove in top of head-For same purpose?:
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[260 circled top of note]:
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[261 circled top of note]:
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[263 circled top of note]:
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[266 circled top of note]:
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[30¢ handwritten top right corner]JOINT EXPOSITION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM ANDOF THE MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA TO MESOPOTAMIA.EMENDED ACCOUNTS FOR THE PERIOD JULY 1sT TO APRIL 30th, 1924.Accounts, July - October £749. 7. 9 [handwritten check mark] November 768. 18. 6 [handwritten check mark] December 590. 15. 3 January 564. 0. 3. February 535. 16. 6. March - April 866. 8. 2. [handwritten 4075.7.5]Banking charges, Basra, Jan. 1. to March 24. 6. 18. 7. London 1. 3. 4. [handwritten 8.1.11]Loss in calculation of exchange Sept. 19. £1200, reckoned at Rs18000 actually Rs17700, less, Rs300 20. 6. 8. Dec. 29. £1500, reckoned at Rs22500, actually Rs21000, less 1500 107. 2. 0. Nov. 26, Ps.1975, reckoned at £11.0.6. actually £10.4.8.=loss 15. 10. March 1. £749.5.0. reckoned at Rs11238.12, actually Rs10792.1, less £31.7.10, less profit by transfer to London of Rs4500 at 14.35 instead of 14.40, =£1.1.9 30. 6. 1. [handwritten 158.10.7] ----------- Total, £4242. 0. 11. -------------Balances in hand; in London £538. 7. 10. in Basra 48. 17. 3. with High Commissioner, Iraq, 167. 4. 5. with Akras Freres, Aleppo, 21. 0. 0. [handwritten 775.9.6] ---------------- Total, £5017. 10. 5. ----------------------------------Debits by drafts from the British Museum, £5015. 0. 0. by interest on same 2. 10. 5. ---------------- Total, £5017. 10. 5. ----------------------------------:
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[33 circled upper top of note]
T.C relief. Nude Fem Fig
[[u 1370 "[CBS.15660?]
Here = Seated flounced, between 2 geese.]]:
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[34 circled top of note]
TC. Nude Fem. Fig. Clasp_d-Boken
below knees
Hair represent_d by fine parallel
rais_d bands & flowing down at side into shoulders.:
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[37 circled indicated top of note]
Fr_t of clay fig. head, breast & lt sh Moulded. Drab clay.
cf. 20048 Ph.2285.
Dakheileh.:
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[39 circled top of note]
Moulded head - Fr_t
Large - woman head - Red clay -
Flat above - Band tying the hair.
Stong features - High cheek bones
large eyes. nose, mouth. chin
oriental type - Beardless male?
Finely modelled.:
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[40 circled upper top note]
Fr_t
Roaring lion's head-Natural. powerful Deep sunken eyes. arched nose, muzzle, nostrils, sharp fangs detailed-Ruffled mane, long tuft behind ears
[The head support a flat piece /arm rest of a chair, or crown, or foot of a deity?) c.2300 BC.]
This is the mane. over eye & ear:
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[50 circled upper top of note]
Red clay fig.
Flounc_d robe. w raised h. &
carrying pots, head & feet missing:
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[52 circled top of note]
cf. 2533
& sphinx
War
Chariot
2 small
standing
attendants
& lions
Armed.god
with.
cuirass
of small
attend_s
Drab clay fig-seat_d Flounc_d. clasped goddess-w. weapons about head.:
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[52 circled upper top of note]
cf. 1758
Moulded
plaque
Base
imilalion
of stool;
2 back
legs
broken
off
Enthoned goddess seated-clubs or spears on shoulders, are emblems of War goddess Ishtar-
4p. horns mitre-Long curls on shoulders 7. tiers. kaunakes robe- Bare arms
:
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[53 circled top of note]
Moulded grey clay fig.
Fem. god_ss seated on chair, legs in profile. Horn_d head_d. & Flounced
cf. 1757:
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[53? circled top part of note then crossed out]
Moulded plaque-Set up on small base:
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[59 circled]
TC. relief. moulded - Broken below waist
= U.1012 TC. relief. Rectangl. frame
(shrine) Fem. fig. Turrett_d head_d.
Heavy cloak w. big rosettes on sh. Flounc_d skirt. In each hand a bottle. (?)
4 rosettes in field above sh. Features pinched:
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[60 circled]
Moulded plaque - lower part - Broken. Seated goddess -
7 tiers kaunakes robe. - Front decorated with 5 rosette. flowers round a tripod offering table: showbread. 2 piles 4 p. each
2 feet support at back.:
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[60 circled]
TC. relief moul_d - Lower part only seat_d Fem. w full flounc_d skirt. & rosettes in relief on bodice. H. clasped. Support behind
Greenish white.:
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[61 circled upper part of note]
TC. Enthron_d god_ss. Flounc_d dress. horn_d head_d.. Hair hangs below sh. end in curls-H. clasp_d over waist. Throne has straight back.
Behind to feet support at angle of 45 o - Props to stand it up.
On either side of the head_d horns,
and from "" the top. [cow's ears. initially indicated then crossed out and replaced by] 2 birds.
:
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[61 circled upper top of note]
Moulded
plaque
2 feet
support
at back.
Seated. goddess. clasped.
7 tiers kaunakes robe-sleeves-
Horned mitre-Locks on shoulders. Braids
Lunate earrings-Bracelets:
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[61 circled upper top of note]:
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[62 circled upper top of note]
Idem: 2530: 31-16-907.:
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[62 circled upper top of note]
TC. relief. Seat_d fem. fig-Dress from neck to ankles, w. Full sleeves-Body treated in narrow pleats, skirt in 5.
flounces pleated. Border of smocking? round neck. H. clasp_d. Head missing
Behind, 2 stumps to make relief stand up:
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[64 circled upper top of note]
TC. relief -seat_d fem. Elaborate head_d
Grotesq features. Flounc_d H. on breasts In field crescent & dotted circles
Red clay
Idem: 31-16-905.
31-16-906.
31-16-807.
7 tiers kaunak-Bare arms-4p. horns
Crescent-Hairband drawn behind ears
Lunate earrings-Tresses on sh.-3/4 neckl.
2 birds walking.
on each side. 2 stars in spiked circles on " " knees: 2 bird men?
:
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[6422. Field cat.:Fish hook!]:
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[66 circled top of note]
TC. relief. Fem. Fig. Full Face, flounc_d skirt to feet. flounc_d body & sleeves.
Horn_d h. dress. spiral curls on
v
shoulders H. raised- su-il-la-
Id. 1743: 15683
v
seated. H_ds suilla-Fingers tips meeting forming arch-hands parallel. Kaunakes. 7 tiers-Half sleeves. 4 p. horns & Knob-Hair band-curled tresse
on sh.-Lunate earr. 2 string neckl. Bracl_t seated. chair w back-.:
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[67 circled upper top of note]
Moulded
plaque
Broken
upper part-
v
Suilla. Palms facing, bent fingers, touching mitre 4 p. horns. Top.
Lunate earrings.
Curls on shoulders
Necklace 2 st- Bracelets
7. tiers Kaunakes robe-Half sleeves.:
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[68 circled upper top of note]
TC. fig. relief-head & torso only
horn_d h.dress & baided hair:
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[69 circled top of note]
TC. relief: fem Fig, Full Face-
apparently sealed, but body and legs in
v
one plane. hands raised- su-il-la-
to breasts. Horn_d headdress. Spiral curls on shoulders.. Flounc_d dress w. Full sleeves.:
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[70 circled top of note]
Moulded
plaque
Broken
v
Suilla Intercess Goddess-palms parallel straight fingers
4 p. horns mitre-knob.
Kaunakes robe:
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[75 circled top of note]:
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[75 circled]
Fr_t only back. of head.
mud Head of priest - [Lime st (no] crossed out] = Mud):
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[79 circled upper top of note]
Upper part of clay relief-
Head of man wearing round cap.
and holding a small animal before. him in his hands:
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[8.Ur...] in upper left corner]
[0 circled and 179 crossed out]
Hand modell_d archaic. woman.fig.
Nude. archaic flat oblong type - wing like projections for arms & shoulders (=Ni.cat.32)
Breasts pellets attach_d high -
Pellet eyes missing. Nose pinched out of clay - No traces of mouth
Necklace added clay band -:
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[80 circled top of note]
TC relief. Beard_d Fig-Flounc_d
robe. Hold_g scepter in rt. h.:
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[81 circled upper top of note]
God: Lulimu seated on ram, and:
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[82 circled upper top of note]
Lulimu on ram
Fr. TC. Bear_d god (?) seat_d on bull Rt arm [raised initially indicated then crossed out] holding a whip or crook lt hand [against breast initially indicated then crossed out] extended.:
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[82 circled upper top of note]
Lulimu on ram. left extended -right:
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[83 circled upper top of note]
Lulimu, whip over left shoulder-
right bare extended.-head in profile w long beard, turban, long hair tied up in a knot
behind. Fringed shawl over left
Moulded plaque, broken. 42x41mm
=16466:
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[84 circled upper top of note]
Standing
Fig. like
Lulimu
but without
whip or only a shawl
crook in the
right-
The left is
extended
Robe of
Kaunakes
covers left
shoulder
falls to
feet
Parted
hair-
Turban
Long braid
Framing beard. Necklace- Moulded:
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[86 circled top of note]
Shrine (parakku). Hand mod_d - Convex back. Front rounded arch. Top decorated w. four stars of rosettes, and 2 spears point up. on either sides. Top figure is broken:
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[88 circled top of note]
F_t drab clay fig. priest heavily
drap_d Long blue beard down to breast
Head & feet missing.
Votary of the Moon - God., w. crescent on relief - tattoed?) on the right shoulder
hand modelled Fig. in the round, deeply incised. - Shawl over left shoulder:
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[91 circled upper top of note]
War. god. Nergal stepping on a crouching lion-or dragon-Short embroidered loin cloth. Fringed shawl (pleated) opening
in front. hanging from the waist down to the feet. Moulded plaque. Fr_t
Assyr style.:
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[93 circled upper top of note]
Man rider. head profile & head of horse legs broken off.
Man and dog-Wears turban, short hair, short loin cloth-Dog of large size, Moulded relief-Fr_t:
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[94 circled top of note]
Nude Gilgamesh carrying the overflowing ampulla, or round bottle, out of which
2 stream escape r.&l. Servant of the water god, rain, fecundity-offering suggestive of:
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[94 circled top of note]
TC. relief. Mould_d-Nude beard_d.
Fig. holding.jar.God Ea(:) like 1332:
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[95 circled top of note]:
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[98 circled top of note]
moulded, red clay TC. relief
Beard_d fig, full face. High horn_d cap. Long curls on sh. Bull's ears.
Sheep skin (?) queerly treated w. lobes in relief,
rt. h. holds mace to sc.
lt. h. " an axe
Broken at waist:
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[98 circled top of note]:
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[99 circled top of note]
Fr_t of moulded plaque
war god-w curved scimilar in r. and
straight club or asze in [right initially indicated then crossed out and replaced by] Left
Horned mitre, formal curls-& beard,
Bull's ears:
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[= u.1012] [59 circled]
Moulded plaque. Broken midst
Seated ? goddess. w. turreted tiara - and holding ampullae in both hands - or bunches of dates? - Masses of hair almost hiding face & ears, nose, pellet eyes, no mouth. Kaunakes robe. covering arms - sleeves 3 st. necklace - 3. rosette flowers on either side )((two on shoulders) on back of chair:
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[?#?]2Your letter has made many points clear to me and with this in hand I shall try to have the accounts straightened out between ourselves and the British Museum. I hope that I shall not have to trouble you further about them.On October 11, 1926, we cabled to the Eastern Bank, Ltd., London, for the accounts of this year's expedition, the sum of £1250., being one half of our share of the appropriation made for this season. The second half, £1250. will be cabled to the Eastern Bank, London, for the same account during the next few days. In future we shall let you know when our remittances for the Expedition account are sent forward to the Bank. The Directors of the two Museums will no doubt come to some decision with reference to the deficit carried over from last year's campaign and you will hear from them with reference to this matter.I hope that you are well and that you are having good luck this season at Ur. Dr. Legrain gives a lecture on Ur on Saturday next.With best regards, I remainVery sincerely yoursAsst. TreasurerMR. C. LEONARD WOOLLEYDirector of the Joint Expeditionof the British Museum and theMuseum or the Univ. of Penna.Ur, Iraq:
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[???] found at the bottom of a deeper hole than usual, had long tempted us with the prospect of a great discovery. It took time to clear the tomb for it lay beneath forty feet of hard mud, but it certainly rewarded us in spite of the fact that its main riches had been carried off thousands of years ago by grave-robbers. Their leavings included a remarkable plaque of mosaic work about two feet long, made of shell and red stone and lapis lazuli, the figures of men and animals silhouetted in the shell and set against a lapis background. It had to be lifted from the soil by methods which effectually concealed from us its character and the details of thepicture so elaborately worked upon it; but when the necessary repairs have been done this should prove one of our very best objects. In the same materials was a set of very fine plaques from a gaming-board, engraved with animal scenes; more peculiar was a copy in thick hammered gold of an ostrich-shell enriched with incrustation in lapis and shell, while a small cup of plain gold, a silver ostrich-shell, and hundreds of scattered beads told of the wealth that the thieves had carried off. The tomb itself was most interesting, with its three chambers all built of stone and roofed with a corbelled vault of limestone rubble; it was the largest as it was probably the earliest of the royal tombs that we have yet found, and itsposition on the very edge of the excavated area gives us ground for hopes that more royal graves lie in the untouched soil just beyond. At the close of last season I ventured to prophecy that the richest part of the ancient cemetery had yet to be dug; this season we have enjoyed marvellous success, but I think that the prophecy may still hold good.:
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[?g?]3-340--\"Animal Bowl\"[?g?]3-152--\"Hair Ornament\"[?s?]3-283--Vase-Alabaster[?s?g?]3-285--Ointment Dish--stone (green)G-3-293 Stone cult objectB3-60[numeral underlined, may be GV or GU] Inscribed Cup--BronzeG3-492 Painted pottery bowl from [?Gawra?]XThe above objects assigned to Baghdad and sent to this Museum for study were returned to Dr. Julius Jordan at Baghdad on April 10, 1934 (through Pequinot). At the same time there was sent to Dr. Jordan the ostrich egg[phrase underscored] from Ur which also belongs to Baghdad.ca 12/20/33EK( from GB notes):
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[?reed Jaw 5/28?] Suppl ts to Reports of Nov;?20? & Dec 6 (hand written header)In the second half of November the joint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania was no less successful than in the first weeks of the month; we had then found the grave of the prince Mes-kalam-dug with its treasures of silver and gold; the work of recording it was scarcely finished when we hit upon another grave equally rich and even more remarkable. For some reason which it is hard to explain we did not find the actual body of the king who must have been buried here- probably the tomb was rifiled at an early date - but there were many other bodies in the grave-shaft, some of the richly adorned with beads and gold, and the objects which were piled all over the bottom of the shaft were such as to atone for the disappearance of their owner.The area to be excavated was large , some forty feet by seventeen, and the work took a long time: fortune reserved until the last day the most precious of the offerings dedicated to the dead man. Right against the earth wall at the back of the shaft we found four magnificent gold vessels, two of them plain, two decorated all over with fluting and engraving. Of the plain vessels one was a lamp, a bowl with long trough spout, the other a chalice so beautifully proportioned that any applied decoration would have been out of place; one decorated vessels was also a lamp but of a different type, an oval bowl with slender stem and oval foot, having a long curved tubular spout which from low in the side of the bowl rises above the level of its rim, and the other was a straight-sided tumbler. These four pieces must rank with those from the grave of Mes-kalam-dug as the finest examples of gold work ever yet unearthed in Mesopotamia. They lay together, almost hidden by a mass of cups and vases of silver; here were fifteen silver tumblers arranged in sets of five, one inside the other, and bowls similarly nested, a flat patten, a libation-jug, a curious bottle shaped something like a Russian samovar; and close by copper vessels whose types reapeated those of the more precious metal. All of these lay at one end of a big wooden box which we found empty;:
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[?] London News [handwritten upper left]The importance of the great pre-historic cemetery of Ur lay not in the fact that its royal tombs produced such a wealth of gold objects as excavation has seldom brought to light but in the revelation which it afforded of a civilisation so remote and so new to science: this year we have been able to carry back the history of Ur beyond calculable dates and a fresh series of graves has illustrated for us its very beginnings.The graves, originally but shallow trenches, lie now under some sixty feet of soil filled, in a stratification remarkably distinct, by super-imposed buildings in which the changing types of bricks and the appearance and disappearance of new fashions of pottery bespeak the rise and fall of successive civilisations. Sixty feet imply a vast period of time, yet where our pit has been sunk the ground surface, denuded by weather which has swept away all traces of the buildings of a later age, represents a period no later than 3200 B.C., and every foot below that takes us still farther back in time: we have gone down to virgin soil, the clay in which the reeds of the marsh first found root, and the pottery which rests on that virgin soil, though necessarily earlier than that in the graves, is in type identical with it. The graves belong to the first people who occupied Ur (and what is true of Ur is true of southern mesopotamia as a whole) though not to the first stage of their occupation.In every age of which we had knowledge hitherto the Sumerian was lying on his side with the knees drawn up and the arms bent so that the hands came before the face; in these graves the body is lies on the back rigidly extended and the hands are crossed over the pelvis. There is no sign of the mat wrapping usual in later times, but in a certain number of cases the bottom of the grave trench was paved with large fragments of broken:
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[A seal impression at upper left hand]BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON27th, March, 1923.My dear Gordon,I enclose a letter addressed to you which has come with Woolley's last report. As the report itself was also addressed to you, it is evident that he has directed his envelopes wrongly. I keep the report, as you will have the duplicate intended for me, but send the letter, which is presumably personal.I never had any cable in reply to one we sent from Philadelphia; but I have had a letter of Feb. 26th, sent by air mail to Cairo, in which he refers to having cabled in answer to ours. He had closed down a few days before our cable arrived and had arranged the division with the Authorities, and was evidently disinclined to recommence. Smith had already started home, ad Woolley apparently expected to start about the middle of this month.I am sorry they did not give us notice of the exhaustion of their funds. At the time when they stopped work, I had no information from them later than Dec. 16th. I am particularly sorry that they did not complete Tell-el-Obeid. They visited it after stopping work at Ur, and Woolley said he thought it very important; but he took no steps to do work there. Otherwise the season's work has given good results (exactly how good we cannot say until the tablets have been examined), and hold out good promise for the future.Of:
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[also "2"?]:
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[appears to be a piece of paper with a square cut out of the center.]Natural size.Weight 100 grs of gold only20\" top part, Kind of onyxDimension about 3\" x 4\":
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[at top of page] P.S.[underlined] I have written to Miss McHugh to inform her of the safe arrival of the tablets.DEPARTMENT OFEGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.I.February 24th. 1939.Dear Legrain,This is a long time after to be replying to your letter of January 19th. but I have waited to be able to tell you that the tablets had arrived. They did so a few days ago, and were unpacked the day before yesterday--about 719 in all and apparently quite unharmed by the journey. Very many thanks for the care and trouble you:
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[B. top right corner of note]
TC.
Fem. w h. clasp_d below breasts
Flowing headdr. running down at
back.
Broken at legs.:
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[bilingual document in English and Arabic]MINISTRY OF EDUCATION.No 835Baghdad, May 31st, 1929.The Director,University Museum of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Sir, On behalf of the Iraq GovernmentI desire to thank the Trustees of theUniversity Museum of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, for the gift of thirtyfive volumes, being the publicationsof their Museum dealing with thehistory, religion and economic lifeof this country in ancient times, and acknowledge the invaluableservice rendered to the scientificstudy of the ancient remains of Iraq.[signed] [?]:
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[Br. Mu indicated upper right corner of note]
TC. Goddess. Spout of a clay vase (Granney)
Roy Cemt. p. 162 - Pl. 187.
Rt to putenda - L' pressing breast:
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[British Museum letterhead] receivd. Oct. 23 L.L.Dear Legrain,Your letter of the 5th. has just arrived as I was upon the point of sending to you what is enclosed with this. I am afraid your visit to France, apart from your family, has been rather a saddening experience, and perhaps it is as well you did not add a post-war impression of London, though I do not think we suffered so much. May you have a safe and happy return to a country which, I suppose, is little changed, and please believe that , if I knew of a 'special mission' which only I could discharge in the United States, I should not be above coming after you!The enclosed papers are, I fear, a depressing welcome for your return. I have been going through the Ur III:
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[British Museum letterhead]3.I suggest, then, that we decide to omit all connected transliterations, - not, of course, phrases quoted for explanation or special reasons, but the regular transliterations which begin 'your descriptions of the tablets. By this we should at once reduce the material by about one-half, and I believe that scholars, who alone are likely to use the Catalogue, would find little disadvantage in:
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[British Museum letterhead]British MuseumLondon, W.C.1December 9th., 1946Dear Legrain,Many thanks for your prompt answer. I am now marking the manuscript to shew the passages to be omitted, as we have agreed, and the printer can then begin setting.yours sincerely,C.J. Gadd [hand written signature] P.S. As this is probably the last chance I shall have, let me take it to wish you a very happy Christmas [hand written note]:
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[British Museum Letterhead]November 23rd. 1946Dear Legrain,Your letter of the 19th has just arrived; but I am perplexed to find that either I was very stupid in my former letter, or you have misunderstood me. What I proposed was to \"to omit all connected transliterations - I mean of course the transcribing of the cuneiform text into our writing, lugal-mu-ra-u-na-a- aug, and all that. So you know, your:
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[British Museum Letterhead]September 3rd. 1946Dear Legrain,Your letter of August 25th. reached me without delay, and I should have replied at once, but expected your parcel to arrive soon after. In fact, this parcel arrived only yesterday (Sept.2nd.), the delay apparently due to customs. But I now hasten to let you know that it has arrived, safe and complete:
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[British Museum stationary]British MuseumLondon, W.C.1November 16th 1946Dear Legrain:Thank you very much for your letter of October 24th., and for your great promptitude in answering my queries about the list of names. These are now incorporated, and the printer can go on. Similarly with the vocabulary-in this I do not think any queries will arrive to trouble you, for up to the present I have been able to settle everything with the aid of your catalogue. It is this catalogue which I now:
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[C h? D' indicated upper right corner of note]
Stone objects
mace, lion-"to d Ininna"
Imdugud? :inscribed
Forearms: human headed bull, Cow
:rams
Lamp: crouching - manhead_d bull
mace: " " "An-bu, k. of Mari"
Metal: Nude men, belt, long hair. statues
:Wrestlers: vase on head / Ewer
Lyre bull's heads. Antler_d stag
Mirror ek. E. Ab.u
Chariot & team. - Shield, lions foes
Demon's head-horns
[word unclear] - Gold monkey
Silver: lioness-heifer-antelope
Statues:violmi shapes.
Men:nude bust long hair beard lock-cup
:shorn priest of sin. nude bust.
Fem: shawl-Inlaid eyes. Curls locks
Nude man. down on knee-cup
squat: [word unclear], Kurlil- Lupad
uv. Al'Ubaid. Lagas[sh]:
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[Cablegram Company letterhead header]43P AN 19 1245HXLONDON FEB 19 1924GORDONUNIVERSITY MUSEUM PHILAWOOLLEYS FUNDS NEARLY EXHAUSTED CAN FIND 250 POUNDS EXTRA HERE WILL YOU ADD PROPORTIONATELY KENYON[Cablegram Company letterhead footer]:
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[cablegram page header]Received at 6 N. 40th ST.BELL PRESTON 47409P AN 926AM 22 VIA HXLONDON DEC 31 1924GORDON UNIVERSITY MUSEUMPHILADELPHIAFOUR CASES ANTIQUITIES AND CASTS LEAVING FOR PHILADELPHIA DIRECT BYSTEAMER LONDON MARINER JANUARY THIRD HALL BRITISH MUSEUM.[cablegram page footer]:
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[centered text] INSCRIBED CLAY CONES (CTD.).UR-ENGUR (ctd.).U918. Inscription concerning the building of a canal in honour of Nannar, called NUN. New. Found near Sheik Munshid's water-engine.U202. Fragment recording the digging of a canal called the canal of Ur. Found near water engine.LIBIT-ISHTAR.u 4 & 74. Inscription completes the missing portion of S.A.K.I. p.204, Tonnagel. Found in T.T.A.NUR-ADADU 330. Duplicate of S.A.K.I. p.208, Tonnagel. Found in E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H]. Small fragmentary duplicates U 327,335, 876.KUDURN-MABUG.U 861. Base of large cone recording the restoration of E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H] after the defeat of his enemies. New. Found in shrine. Many duplicates.ARAD-SIN.U 700 Large complete cone recording the restoration of E-temen-ni-il, duplicate of S.A.K.I. p.212, Tonnagel. Found in E-NUN-MAH [subscript \"v\" under H] and in the well.U 641. Records the building of a shrine for the goddess Ninni.New. Found in well.:
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[centred on Logo] WESTERN UNIONTELEGRAM172P J 16LONDON JULY 26 1922GORDONUNIVERSITY ( TRY U OF P ) PHILADELPHIAWAS LETTER TWELFTH JUNE RECEIVED EARLY ANSWER RE MESOPOTAMIA DESIREDKENYON BRITISH MUSEUM422P:
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[centred text] INSCRIBED CLAY CONES (ctd.).ARAD-SIN (ctd.).U 779 Records building of a shrine for Ilbaba (Zamama). New. Found in well.RIM-SIN.U 752. Records building of a shrine for NIN-DAR-AN-NA. Found in well.U 640. Records building of a shrine for Nergal. New. Found in well.U780 & 782. Building of a shrine for Tammuz. New. Found in well.U781. Building of a shrine for Nannar. New. Found in well.U 702 & 750. Building of a shrine for Nin-subur [superscript \"v\" over s], partly duplicate of S.A.K.I., p.218, Steintafel A. Found in well.U 642. Broken inscription. New. Found in well.U 369. Fragment of cone brought from Senkereh. New.[central underlining] ----------:
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[cf 64 circled upper top of note]
CBS...:
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[Circular Post Office stamp \"LONDON W.C. JAN 3 7 15 PM\"]Dear Dr Gordon , 3 Jan. 27Many thanks for the drawingjust received. I haven't seenthe photograph you mention, butthe drawing will do quite as well. I note that the head isof [?Wired tane?], as indeed Woolleystates it to be in his text, Isee. This card shews our latest important acquisition.With best wishes for the New YearI am, Your [undeciphered] H.R.Hall.Dr G. B. GordonThe Museum of theUniversity of Penna.PhiladelphiaPa.U.S.A.:
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[Clay? crossed out] Limestone head of priest. shaven & shorn.
[Dark grey mud (not]crossed out] lime st.) .Nose chip_d - Missing below neck. Through neck. hole cl.
50mm. vertical_y to join unto a body of some other mater_l
Good model_g - Eyes & eye brows
pronounc_d - Eyes drawn in corners Heavy nose - Pursed up lip. Small
but pronounc_d chin. -
Features typicl_y Sumerian
Dolice cephalic
cf. Mud head. U. 8292. Ph. 832.
[74 circled] 17196 TTE. PG 108. 2m. away:
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[Copy]Inchbroom.Gerard's CrossAug. 20, 1924.Dear Kenyon,I got back here from a short holiday in Cornwall to find your letter with its enclosures waiting for me. I am glad to know exactly how things stand, though of course it is very distressing to find that my budget must be cut down so severely. Yesterday I went up to town and saw Mr Reckitt and have settled with him that he shall pay in to you before the 13th of next month the sum of £250; that gives us a total up to date of £3000, and perhaps there may be more coming in, - I hope so, fo as it stand it really is an uneconomical budget. I have telegraphed to de Yong, following up a letter which I had sent him provisionally, and hope that he will join up; should he by any chance not do so, I think that I should go without an architect; this would be a bad thing in many ways, but I doubt whether another could now be got without heavier coat such as this year we [?can or?] possibly afford. as regard Legrain, he would I think be in any case th second in command, as being the eldest man and no more inexperienced in the field than the rest (except de Yong, who has been on excavations but in Greece and then never in command); but the need is not likely to arrise, as there is little probability of my being away from the site.Thanks for hving money paid in at once. The balance of the first half is really needed pretty soon, as I have to make arrangements for passage money for all, and to get a credit at Basra, before leaving at the end of September. I sent a copy of the year's accounts and my letter of Aug. 3 to Gordon. Legrain finished up with Gadd all (I believe) of the division of objects before he left for the States.I am glad you sent me on Gordon's letter, for he had not written to me to the same effect and I should naturally wish to know the point of view of both Directors, especially if there s dissatisfaction on either side, and clearly Gordon is not altogether satisfied. But I feel that I am entitled to answer his strictures on myself. For the:
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[drawing (seal: NATIONAL SCHEME FOR DISABLED MEN)]BRITISH MUSEUM, London: W.C.1. 12 July, 1930.Dear Mr. Jayne, Many thanks for your letter of June 25th. I am glad you have been able to visit Ur yourself, and am only sorry that you did not arrive there until after the season had closed and Mr. Woolley had left.With regard to the staff for the next season, I should certainly be glad to have an American member of the expedition. Mr. Woolley has met Mr. Gordon Loud, and would gladly welcome him as architect in place of Mr. Whitburn, who is unable to come out again. Mr Loud's experience at Khorsabad and in Egypt should make him very well qualified for the post.It is, of course, ver desirable that any new member of the staff should be likely to be able to live harmoniously with the rest; and it is for this reason that Mr. Woolley has always been anxious to see candidates personally before accepting them. In Mr. Loud's case he has done so and is quite satisfied; but if you have any other candidates to propose in future years, it will be as well to bear this point in mind.It is of course understood that all members of the expedition, whether English or American, are under /the:
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[drawing (sketch of flute)][notes written below drawing: Silver bindings on rings, and Silver bindings.]As there are five holes on one side in each tube--the pipes must have been played close together--like the Egyptian [?2 numorah?]--the fingers (such as are used) being placed right across the two instruments.The account says that certain \"rings\" were found with them and \"coils of 2-strand silver wire\"--these latter must have been the bindings for uniting the two pipes and perhaps the \"rings\" were end-fittings for greater security. I imagine that the double-incised bands were to prevent the slipping of the bindings and it is probable that either a piece of shaped wood or some bitumen was placed between the pipes to hold them fast before bound. Perhaps there are some marks left.The texts mentions the Ur-Nammu Stele--but even supposing that the thing definitely is a musical pipe (whichis very doubtful), the Ur instrument must have been as one, and not as the V shaped pipes common in later days. There is at Berlin an Egyptian double-pipe (of reed) almost identical in size but with only 4 holes on each tube--it was known in the 5th Dynasty. With kind regards[?very?] trulyFrancis W. Galpin:
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[Drawing(sketch of flutes)]:
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[ENVELOPE]UR EXCAVATIONSThe DirectorBritish MuseumLondon[WESTERN UNION CABLEGRAM]DECEMBER 26, 1928TO: KENYONBRITISH MUSEUMLONDONHAVE CABLED EASTERN BANK LONDON £1250 ACCOUNT WOOLLEYAWAITING REPLY OUR LETTER OCTOBER 25 SEASONS GREETINGSMcHUGHSEND AT DEFERRED RATE, PREPAIDCHARGE TO UNIVERSITY MUSEUM:
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[Fieldcat=clay vase?] :
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[file- Ur Publications Woolley]September 21, 1948Dear Sir Leonard: Air Express service to England was discontunued a few months ago and therefore Dr. Legrain's manuscript- UR EXCAVATIONS Vol-ume VI: Terra Cottas - has been sent to you through regular Parcel Post service. This means of transportation will, of course, take longerand therefore we would greatly appreciate your advising us of its safe arrival.Sincerely yours,Gloria ShihadehSecretary to Dr. RaineySir Leonard WoolleySedgehill Manor; ShaftesburyDorset, England:
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[First 6 lines centred on page]REPORTon the work of the Joint Expedition of theBritish Museum and the University Museum of PhiladelphiatoMesopotamia.For the period ending January 15. 1923.During the last month work has proceeded normally. In the whole of our season to date the weather has been exceptionally favourable and only two working hours have been lost through rain. At Christmas time your staff took two days' holiday, but apart from that there has been no interruption of any sort.Mr. A.W. Lawrence joined me on December 29, and is a welcome addition to the party, one which enables the work to be better organised and distributed. The number of men employed has not been increased, as the nature of the site under excavation does not make this advisable; 150 is the limit that can well be managed, and actually the gang falls a little short of this limit.I am glad to say that the light railway has arrived and is now being laid down, - a slow business as the material is far heavier than any I have had to deal with before. One thousand yards of track complete with sleepers, crossings, curves and points, and eight tip-wagons have been kindly presented to the Expedition by the Iraq Railways, and I need hardly point out to you how great a saving this represents to my budget. It is true that the freight charges for bringing the plant here amount to the considerable sum of £50, but this charge would have been incurred equally on purchased material, and indeed would probably have been doubled, as the Director of Railways has authorised special rates for his gift. One of my workmen, I regret to say, had an accident while discharging the rails and has lost a foot; I shall have to pay him some compensation, so adding to the unforeseen expenses of my accounts.As, owing to the distance to which earth has to be carried, it had become uneconomical to continue clearing the temple of E-nun-mah[subscript \"v\" under h] by basket-work, on January 1st I took the bulk of the men off, leaving only enough to do the detail work that required slow and careful treatment by small gangs, and started the rest on the tracing of the temenos wall. Dr. Hall had in 1919 dug a section of this wall (E in his plan, fig.2), and I began at the north end of his work, re-opening his trench. The wall was found to be standing at this point to a height of about 1.50m, and on following the right-angled return shown on his plan we came on a large recessed gateway, approached by a ramp, fairly well preserved, with the impost-stone in position inscribed with the name of Bur-Sin. Beyond the gate the rain-water had cut a wide and deep channel through the wall-line, carrying away all traces of the structure, but north of this wadi we picked up the wall again and traced it for some distance. I then put the men to work at the south end of Dr. Hall's dig and found a second gateway of which he had cleared one side only; in this case the hinge-stone found in situ was uninscribed. Under both gates ran elaborate brick drains; that below the Bur-sin gate was built by Nebuchadrezzar, and has been followed up right past the NW face of E-nun-mah, whence probably it runs on to drain the area in front of the ziggurat. It is well constructed with bitumen and provided with catchments at intervals. The drain below the other gate has not yet been followed up. From the section dug by Dr. Hall the temenos wall has now been traced 160 m. to its east corner, and for 140 m. along its SE front; only superficial work has been attempted, but in one place where a cross-section has been made the mud brick is found to be standing to a height of three metres.:
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[Fish initially written the crossed out and replaced by] Ram's fleece.:
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[fourth page of letter]to the temple of Ur, at the time of Ibi Sis [??not sure of name]. The following part which treats of metals: gold, silver, copper lead etc, promises to be just as rich in details--and there are more parts to come.Woolley has decided to send to the University Museum another consignement[misspelled in text] of tablets of the same time and import just discovered last year. So I will have plenty to do, to bring to terms the Ur publications. But I feel that I am \"out of the rough.\"] [handwritten bracket at end of last sentence] My first contribution will be a study of the seals, from the Royal Cemetery, to appear as a chapter of Wolley's[name misspelled in text] book on the same. But if he is paying for archaeological publications out of the Rockefeller funds, the cuneiform texts incomb. to the Museums, and the Joint Expedition funds.This week I relaxed somewhat, and tendered a little dinner party to the Museum collegues[misspelled in text], and we all enjoyed the event. I will call on Hill--which I have not done yet--next week.Miss M. L. Baker left Friday for Triest and the East, very much thrilled and glad to get warmer.I have a touch of cold which I am [remaining text is written lengthwise of the page]nursing indoor on this very gloomy London Sunday. Yours sincerely My Best regards to all at the Museum L. Legraine.:
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[handwritten - attach to Woolley(?indecipherable?)]Statement of payments made by theUniversity Museum, Philadelphia, onaccount of the Joint Expedition ofthe British Museum and the UniversityMuseum at Ur. Total appropriation for season 1924-25, £3,812. 0. 0 Univ. Museum's share £1,906. 0. 0 ------------ Sept. 8. '24 - Remittance to Eastern Bank, Ltd., London.........£750.0. 0 Travelling expenses, L. Legrain..................162.0. 0 Salary, L. Legrain, six months..................397.10.0 Dec. 30. '24 Remittance to Eastern Bank, Ltd., London 190.10. 0 Jan. 5, 1925 Remittance to Eastern Bank, Ltd., London 406. 0. 0 ------------- TOTAL.................£1,906. 0. 0:
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[handwritten 2]2. [in right margin next to 1st line of top paragraph, handwritten 2/3. In left margin, handwritten 3 next to 1st line of 2nd paragraph]-fices for their administration plenty of space was required, and it is not surprising to find that the subsidiary buildings attached to the god's house cover a wide area of ground.But it was when we had dug down through the stratum representing the period of the Larsa kings that we found what was the primary object of our search, the terrace wall on Ur-Engur, the builder of the great ziggurat itself; it was a massive wall, buttressed and sloping sharply inwards as befits a retaining-wall of a platform, built of unbaked brick, and in rows at regular intervals there were driven into its face nail-shaped cones of fired clay, their round heads forming a pattern on the wall, their stems inscribed with the name of the king and the dedication of his building to the god of the Moon. For the first time these inscribed cones had been found in position and their real use made clear;- for the first time we can get some idea of what the ziggurat looked like in its original setting when in 2300 B.C. Ur-Engur \"built a terrace and filled it with refined clay and set the House in the midst of it\".Excavations on the south[editorial marks remove hyphen & close space]east of the ziggurat, close to the temple of E-nun-mah which we cleared two years ago, have proved not less interesting. A fairly high mound of rubbish covered a building which had been excavated by Mr. Taylor in 1854; Taylor's summary publication did not encourage hopes of any important finds to be made at least on the upper levels, but for the planning of the city it was necessary to expose anew what he h had unearthed and thereafter to dig down to the presumably more fruitful strata below. Actually the top building which Taylor had partially dug has proved to be more than worth while. There are two main chambers with walls of burnt brick of a surprising thickness, quite incommensurate with the apparent insignificance of what was supposed to be a small house of late date; the two principal doors are very wide, and from the first room two small arched doorways give access to chambers built of mud brick lying on either side of the main rectangle. The whole thing is on a small scale, and it was surprising to find on the brick[editorial marks remove hyphen with no indication to close space]stamps in its walls that it was entitled \"E-dub-lal-mah\", the Hall of Justice; but when the plan was put on to paper the real nature of it became clear, for the plan was that of a triple gateway of which the back door had been blocked up by a later cross wall, and the mud-brick chambers alongside had been built in or over the ruins of the massive double wall in which the gate tower had originally stood. Doubtless of old the judges \"sat in the gate to give judg[editorial marks remove hyphen with no indication to close space]ment\", and when the remodelling of the sacred area and the abandonment of this pa part of its wall line made the gate as such useless, the gate tower was preserved to fulfil its tradiotional function and a new wall was built behi behind to close it in and turn it into a regular justice-hall.Later discoveries, even on the higher level, confirmed what the plan had shewn. Fresh brick inscriptions speak of the gate and the fortifications and the terrace to which the gate[editorial marks remove hyphen & close space]way led up; and by one of the arched doors was found a magnificent green stone gate-socket shaped as a serpent[handwritten 7 in bottom right corner]:
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[handwritten 3]3with a hollow in the top of its head wherein the pivot of the door-hinge turned, on the base of which Sinbalatsu-ikbi, Assyrian governor of Ur about 650 B. C. had caused to be written a long inscription recording his restoration of the fallen tower and his setting up of new gates made of costly foreign woods, bronze and silver and gold.We have yet far down to go before we bring to light the original gate and discover who first set it up: at present we are dealing with the building in its last pahse. We know that by 2000 B. C. it had to be repaired by Ishme-dagan king of Larsa, and that again in 1600 B. C. it was in a ruinous state, even its foundations giving way, so that they had to be strengthened and a protecting wall built up against them by Kuri-galzu the Kassite king; nearly a thousand years later Sinbalatsu-ikbi rebuilt it, and still it served as the great gate of the Temenos, the gate, probably, which spanned the Sacred Way, [long unintelligible sentence under strikeout] and through its portals on feast-days passed the processions going up to the central terrace from which rose the towering bulk of the ziggurat. But what stands above ground today represents the Hall of Justice in Late Babylonian times; it may well have been Nebuchadnezzar who laid out the spacious court in front of its doors, and the pavements of the side chambers bear the stamp of Nabonidus the last of the Babylonian kings (55 B. C.); a huge mass of brickwork blocks the old exit. Yet the walls which stand eight to ten feet high above the late pavement are the old walls which Kuri-galzu restored, and even the arch, preserved intact over the narrow doorway, may date back to his days time and be the earliest example known of an arch used on the facade of a building as an architectural feature.:
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[handwritten across the top:] Philadelphia PressThe work done by the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania during November has been of a very varied character; two sites, and for part of the time three sites were excavated simultaneously, and in each case the results have been excellent.A good deal of work remained to be done on a temple discovered last years but not completely excavated; we are now able to trace its history over a long period, beginning with the Third Dynasty of Ur, about 2300 B.C., with a thorough reconstruction by Rim-Sin king of Larsa in the twentieth century, a rebuilding by Kuri-Galzu six hundred years later which is termed by him a restoration but really entailed a remodelling of the temple, another reconstruction by some un-named Kassite king perhaps 1000 B.C.; Nebuchadnezzar was the last to erect a temple on the site, but he entirely disregarded the old plans and put up a building whose very orientation was new above the buried ruins of his predecessors; driven down into these ruins we find Persian graves of the fifth century before Christ belonging to houses of which the weather has destroyed almost every trace. The inscriptions found upon the site appeared at first to be contradictory, for whereas one would have expected the history identity of the temple throughout its long life to be consistent king Rim-Sin describes it as that of Nin-gishzida, but an ancient dedication of Naram-Sin of Akkad (2550 B.C.) and the building inscription of Kuri-Galzu- both speak only of the god Nin-ezen. This apparent contradiction is explained by the building. The walls of the different periods were very fragmentary and much confused, so that not all the details of the ground-plans were certain, but each plan of the series seemed to shew:
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[handwritten across the top] Philadelphia (general [?press? ?]) Press[note: the underlining/bolding and opening bracket on this page are all hand added]The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has started its ninth year at Ur with a success which has already been announced in the Press. The discovery of the royal tombs of the Third Dynasty, whose kings were lords of Mesopotamia between 2300 and 2200 B.C., is one of the most important that remained to be made, and the character of the buildings surpasses anything that we could have expected. The work here is very heavy and we are still attempting little more than the clearing of the massive temple which was built over the tombs for the worship of the deified kings; the tombs themselves must be left till later, and in any case cannot be entered until the shattered vaults have been strengthened with timber shoring: it will be some time before there can be anything to report. [Meanwhile excavation has been going on in other parts of the site. On the south rampart of the city we have completed the clearing of a temple discovered last winter, a twin temple consecrated to the cult of two little-known gods, and have been able to trace its vicissitudes through a history lasting from at least as early as 2200 B.C. (this is the probable date of the earliest actual walls, but a monument was found dedicated by king Naram-Sin, who reigned there three hundred and fifty years before that) down to Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century before Christ. Completely new was the discovery of a great palace by Nabonidus (550 B.C.) for his daughter, Belshazzar's sister, whom he made High Priestess of the Moon god at Ur. It is a big and complicated building in mud brick, about a hundred yards square and containing over seventy rooms and courts; in its general arrangements it resembles the palace of Nebuchadnezzar at Babylon and is certainly a fit residence for a princess. In a building:
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[handwritten across top of page:] For Release February 02 PressUR.January 1. 1931During December the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has continued the work of clearing the great tomb-building of the Kings of the Third Dynasty whose discovery has already been announced. The shoring up of walls and vaults has delayed us not a little, but now only two tombs remain to be excavated and the character of the whole structure is clear.I had previously reported a main building by king Dungi (circ. 2250 B.C with an annexe to the north-west added by his son Bur-Sin; later it was found that Bur-Sin added a second annexe at the south-east end, a replica in miniature of his father's work: we have thus a range of three buildings attached but independent.The superstructures are solidly built with burnt bricks and bitumen and were originally very splendid, as is shown by the scraps of gold plating and of mosaic in lapis lazuli and gold discovered in the doorways, frag-ments overlooked when the Elamites tore down the decoration of the walls and doors.. The ground-plan is that not of a normal temple but of a pri-vate house, for the king who was buried below was still living, and though he was worshipped as a god his human past seemed to call for the accustom-ed setting of a man. We find therefore the central courtyard and the [xx] chambers ranged about it which are familiar in the houses of the resident-ial parts of the city, but in the chambers we find have altars on which scented oils were put in vases from which the contents trickled along shallow bitumened grooves into little hearths set in a row at the altar's foot, altars meant perhaps for offerings of beer and honey and long tables for more solid offerings. But the real purpose of the buildings is given by the tombs constructed at a lower level before the house walls were:
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[handwritten across top] [associated] press Release July 6thDuring December the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has been at work on two sites; while half the men have been clearing the superstructure and underground tombs of the great building in which were buried the Kings of the Third Dynasty of Ur the other half have been digging out private houses in the residential quarter to the south-east of the city.[The royal burial-place, built by king Dungi in about 2250 B.C. and added to by his son Bur-Sin is the finest building we have yet discovered at Ur, as fine in its way as the Ziggurat which Dungi and his father Ur-Engur built. The Ziggurat towers above the ruins of the city; the walls of this building, nine feet thick and splendidly built with bitumen for mortar stand now as much as ten feet above floor level, but the way in which they plunge down sheer into the ground is full compensation for the ruin of the upper part. standing in front of the blocked-up doorway which led to the tombs which Dungi built one is in a brick-lined pit whose walls rise high above one; from the door steps go down to a platform at the pit's bottom, and from this more steps, flanked by brick balusters, run steeply down either side; they pass under corbelled vaults [xxxxxx] thirty twenty-six feet high whose tottering brickwork we have had to secure with heavy timbering, and at the stairs' foot are arched doors leading to the tombs proper, long vaulted chambers, one of them more than fifty feet long, in which the king's body lay. These two tombs we have not yet cleared, but holes in their roofs shew only too convincingly that they have shared the fate of those in the buildings of Bur-Sin which we have already excavated; the Elamite invaders who swept down on Ur in 2170 B.C. left nothing of the treasure of its kings:
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[handwritten at top of page \"read by ?MM?\" followed by a checkmark] URIraq.December 31. 1932.Sir,I have the honour to report to you on the opening stages of the eleventh season of your Expedition's work at UR. For reasons familiar to you the beginning of the season had been postponed to a later date than usual and it had been arranged for the various members of the staff to meet at Baghdad on December 14.Arriving at Aleppo on the 11th my wife and I were surprised to find our foreman Hamoudi, who had only just arrived in the city; he had been kept at home by the sudden death of his son Ibrahim. Ibrahim had acted as junior foreman here for six years; he was an extremely capable head, helpful in every way and of a most attractive character; his death is a serious loss to the Expedition and has cast a gloom over the work as well as impairing the efficiency of its organization.Hamoudi with his two other sons, Yahia and Alawi, arrived in Baghdad on December 15 and the two latter went straight on to Ur, the rest of us following on the next day; on Saturday the workmen were enrolled, all of them old hands, and digging began on Sunday December 18. The number of men was limited to 150, this being all that could usefully be employed on the sites suggested for excavation; the change in the currency of the country made more easy a reduction in pay of 20% which was fully justified by the general fall in the rate of wages; in spite of this welcome economy our men are still better paid than in any other local employment and neither their spirit nor their working value will suffer by it.Two objectives directed the choices of sites. At the very end of last:
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[handwritten at top of page: Press II]In the latter days of UR the Temenos or Sacred Area of the city wherein lay the religious buildings dedicated to the Moon god was surrounded by Nebuchadnezzar with a great wall of mud brick which isolated it from the town proper. This wall was traced by us in 1922-3 and more thoroughly excavated in successive seasons; it was found to be uniform in construction and its foundations did not rest upon the remains of any earlier wall of the same type: so far as we could tell, the Temenos wall was an innovation[second \"n\" inserted by hand] on the part of the great king of Babylon and before his time the Sacred Area was ungirt and undefined.One of the major results of t his[sic] winter's work has been the discovery of a Temenos wall going back to the twenty-third century B.C. Last year we had found that the terrace on which stands the Ziggurat tower rose itself from a second terrace some elements of whose fortification we laid bare. Starting work on the same site this winter, so as to complete our knowledge of t he[sic] Ziggurat's surroundings, we soon found that we were led far beyond its limits, and what had seemed to be a lower terrace of the Ziggurat proved to be a corner of the Temenos itself. We have now excavated the whole of the north-west end of the Temenos, and although the exact line of the other sides has yet to be ascertained the general character and history of the structure [word x-ed out, word have typed above] been made clear.When about 2300 B.C. Ur-Engur wrested from Erech the overlordship of the country and established his capital at Ur he must have made a clean sweep of the old city and rebuilt it on a more splendid scale; the Temenos, as the religious centre, was radically refashioned. A wall twenty-six feet thick and about half as high, built of mud bricks with a burnt-brick facing, acted as retaining-wall to a terrace on which, raised thus above the general level of the town, stood the most sacred temples, those:
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[handwritten at top of page] from Dr. Gordon's copybookJuly 26, 1922Dear Sir Frederic Kenyon:I have delayed answering your letter of June 18 hoping that I might find myself in a position to make a definite response to several questions which you raised.First about a man from here to join the expedition. We have cerainly no one with a knowldge of Mesopotamian Arabic. It is much more likely that you could find someone in England with that qualification. Dr. Leon Legrain, Curator of the Babylonian Section, is a good cuneiform scholar but my thought would be that a cuneiform scholar might be less important at the beginning of the work than some other assistants. A man that we might be able to send would be either a young man without any of these qualifications who wished to get archaeological training or else a photographer who is also a practical museum man and who has handled, cleaned and mended all of the Babylonian tablets in this Museum. I believe that we could send either one of these with a good deal of confidence that he would be found helpful to the expedition.With regard to your other questions, I had been hoping that some one might by this time be in London who could discuss all the details of the expedition with you. That however is not the case at the present moment. Nevertheless I think that early in August some such person from here may be in London. Such details of the expedition as remain to be settled can then be gone over and adjusted.With regard to the actual site for work, I should suppose that it might safely be left in some measure to Mr. Woolley's discretion and judgement. Otherwise I am quite in accord with your suggestion looking toward the complete excavation of Tell Obeid and a further exploration of Ur and Eridu. Nippur I presume would always be available in case for any reason it should be decide to resume work at that place.Very sincerely yoursG.B. GordonDirectorSir Frederic KenyonDirectorThe British MuseumLondon, England:
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[handwritten at top of page] Am.Hist.Review 2.2.'30A wig belonging to a period of civilization in existence over five thousand years ago was unearthed last month during the excavation work being conducted on the site of Ur of the Chaldees by the University of Pennsylvania Museum and the British Museum. Most satisfactory progress is being made, according to a report just received from C. Leonard Woolley, field director of the Joint Expedition.\"The wig,\" says Mr. Woolley, \"to which were attached gold earrings and a gold frontlet was found in the corner of a coffin placed well away from the head of the occupant.\" The position of the wig is explained by a well known custom of the earliest times [handwritten in above crossed out words: whereby] the deceased was provided with supplementary food, arms and raiment for his voyage into the unknown.During work on a cemetery at Ur four bull's hooves, life size, of copper originally hammered over wood were found. \"There is no trace of the body,\" Mr. Woolley's report says, \"nor has the head yet been discovered, but the find is none the less important. We have here proof of sculpture in metal on a big scale at a period very much older than the royal tombs.\" These date back to 3500 B. C.Excavation continued on the town site yielded the oldest piece of sculpture yet found by the expedition--the statuette of a wild board[sic] carved in steatite and in perfect condition. It measures four and a half inches in length and shows \"an artistic development equal to that of the objects from the royal tombs.\" In addition to these interesting discoveries many tablets and seal impressions dating from the First Dynasty (3100 B.C.) were found. The impressions, used for sealing jars and baskets, depict many animals of:
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[handwritten calculation on left side of envelope, written sideways.]Postmark London. W.C. D. 6:15 pm 11 Oct 1935Lovely stamp, one penny red, in upper right corner of envelope. Lightly cancelled.address on envelope readsDr. L. LegrainThe University MuseumUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaWritten on an angle in lower left of envelope is the word SSmith.:
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[handwritten dates: December 1923, released Jan 21/1924]The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the University Museum, Philadelphia, has resumed work at Ur of the Chaldees, and at the end of a single month can report discoveries of the greatest interest.The main body of the workmen have been employed on the clearing of the ziggurat or staged tower whose ruins dominate the plain of Ur. This is heavy work; thousands of tons of broken brick and sand have to be removed, and no finds of importance are likely to relieve the monotony of the task; but already, with only one face cleared of the rubbish which masked it to its summit, an effect is obtained fully worthy of the labour it has cost. The huge platform, originally built by Ur-Engur about 2300 B.C., stands almost intact, much of its brick-work as sharp as when the builders laid it, and even of the upper stages, added by king Nabonidus eighteen hundred years afterwards, we have been able to learn not a little from their scantier ruins. It will take most of the season to lay bare the whole ziggurat, but when that is done Mesopotamia will possess no so imposing a monument of its old greatness.Meanwhile a smaller gang has been excavating the little mound of Tell el Obeid, distant some four miles from Ur, where in 1919 Dr. Hall found some remains of very remarkable copper reliefs. We started by digging part of a cemetery. The graves were extremely rich in objects, vessels of pottery, stone and copper, copper tools, flint implements, obsidian knives, and, strangely enough, imitations of these stone and metal implements in baked clay. There was no doubt that we were dealing with some of the earliest tombs yet found in this country, and we had little hesitation in attributing them to the fourth millenium B.C., and even earlier than that. The discovery in one grave of a clay vase bearing an inscription in primitive Sumerian characters proved that at this date the Sumerians were already in the land, and gives a peculiar importance to the few skulls which we were able to preserve, since they are like to demonstrate once and for all the racial origin of this mysterious folk.But if the cemetery well repaid us, the building which lies under the main mound has been yet more remunerative. This was a small temple raised on an artificial platform, approached by a flight of stone steps (this in a land where stone does not exist, and must needs be transported from far) and with a facade of extraordinary richness. Tumbled down against the platform wall we have found a whole series of reliefs which decorated the template front; chief of these was a frieze of cattle, their bodies hammered out of copper plates and their heads cast in the same metal and inset; the animals are all lying down, seen in profile but with their heads turned out to face the spectator, and they are eleven inches high by twenty-two long; the treatment of the heads is remarkably realistic, and as works of art these must rank high amongst the antiquities of all lands. Then there were copper statues of standing oxen, worked in the round, which stood against the base of the wall, and connected with them were masses of large artificial flowers made of clay with inlaid petals. Another frieze shewed white oxen inlaid against a black ground; another, a row of birds in white against black. There are columns entirely covered with inlay, red and black and white, and columns of palm-wood overlaid with sheets of pure copper beaten out. Such finds would have been indeed noteworthy to whatever period they belonged, but these are the more surprising in that they are the oldest works of art in metal yet known. A marble tablet was discovered, inscribed in Sumerian, which records that this was the temple of the goddess Nin-khur-sag, built in her honour by the king of Ur, A-an-ni-pad-da the son of king Mes-an-ni-pad-da, and the latter is known to us from the king-lists drawn up about 2000 B.C. as a ruler of the First Dynasty of Ur, the third dynasty to reign after the Flood. Taken at its face value, the Sumerian chronology would assign our statues and reliefs to a date somewhere about 4500 B.C.; even if that chronology has to be modified, we can yet say that our month's work has given us the oldest dated example of man's handwriting and the oldest know triumphs of the art of Tubal-Cain.C. Leonard Woolley [signature]:
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[handwritten diagonally on upper left is the word File.]Thackeray HotelOpposite the British MuseumGreat Russell StreetLONDON, W.C.1.TELEGRAMS: THACKERAY, LONDONTELEPHONES: MUSEUM 1230-1231July 27 - 29Dear Mr. Jayne.The division is over, and we are both satisfied. We obtain as our share 10/the \"'gold and lapis goat'\" standing in a gold bush, â the leading object in this year exhibitionâ the Br Mu has the second goat of the same type and not so well preserved and a diadem to make goodâ20/ A \"'silver harp'\" with the figure of a \"'jumping deer'\". This figure is very interesting. The harp is of a large model, but not so well preserved as \"the silver harp\" [description underlined] with a bull's head with goes to the Br. Mu.30/ The only \"'gold dagger'\" not retained by the Baghdad Museum; against which the Br. Mu. obtains a sceptre and:
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[handwritten in black ink]of toil, & I've seen your letter to her: I therefore felt that something ought to be done, & since the only place where acknowledgement of her services could be made, without upsetting the arrangement of pages, was at the close of your chapter I, I have ventured to insert there a paragraph taken, as far as possible, from your letter to her, & making the acknowledgement come therefore from you. I hope that you will not object to my having done this: I certainly think the word of thanks is well deserved & I gather that you think so too.Congratulations on the progress made with the [?} text volume: it sounds a formidable compilation, & I hope it may see the light soon.Best wishesYours sincerelyLeonard Woolley:
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[handwritten in black ink]Sueid'a : nr AntiochM. SyriaMay 23.36Dear LegrainI didn't reply to you letter of March 6th because it followed me and then - by the time it reached me seemed scarcely to call for an answer: also Ur seemed at the time a very long way away. It is pleasant to put the East on one side for the time being & to return to classical Greece: here we are digging at a Greek colony on the Syrian coast, with successive layers of late & middle & early Attic vases, Corinthian & Proto-Corinthian, Rhodian, Cypriot, Cretan & what not, & it is all very exciting and refreshing. But I write now because I've just had a letter from my secretary, Miss J. Joshua, & a request. She makes her living largely by the sort of work she has been doing for me & since a good word means much to her she has asked for some such word of acknowledgement for the work she has done on your volume. I saw her corrections & suggestions, which did entail a vast amount:
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[handwritten in blue ink]U.6252. 0.13 [in pencil underneath] Black steatite. [pencilled box around] 0.13mm. Fragmentary. \"God Martu carrying club. Gilgamesh with [?spouted?] vase. Naked votary of Ishtar. Turtle. Inscription d Martu.\"U.6918. 18x7 [in pencil underneath] Carnelian. [pencilled box around] L.18. D.7 mm. Fragmentary, \"scene of worship goddess leading votary by hand.\" Lassa Period.U.7099. 20x10 [in pencil underneath] Necklace containing cylinder seal. Inscribed. Cylinder seal of lapis lazuli-plain The carnelian [pencilled box around] seal. \"Worship of a standing god by a votary led by the hand. Standing god holds club? Introducing goddess may be Dim.tab.ba. It is inscribed thus.\" H.20. D.10 mmU.15480. 26x12 [in pencil underneath] Black steatite. [pencilled box around] L.26, D.12 mm. Inscribed. Presentation scene before seated deity. In front of seated deity sits a dog.\" [in pencil] 31-17-129U.16639. 23x10 [in pencil underneath] Black steatite. [pencilled box around] L.23, D.10 mm. \" 3 human figures and a rampant lion. [in pencil] 30-12-67U.16679. 21x11 [in pencil underneath] Lapis. [pencilled box around] L.21, D.11 mm. \" Palm tree, bull rampant and backed against it a man-headed ? bull rampant.U.16689. 24x12 [in pencil underneath] Black steatite [pencilled box around] L.24. D.12 mm. [?] fighting rampant lion, scorpion ? and in a [?] double [?] above - 2 kneeling men face to face and below 2 birds.:
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[handwritten in upper right corner \"file-Ur\"]Mr. Howard A. ReidMiss Gloria ShihadehJanuary 23, 1947Ur PapersDear Mr. Reid:Thank you for your letter of January 22nd and for the signed copies of the letter concerning the deficit in the \"Ur Dispute.\" I am enclosing the two copies that are for your files.The addition that you suggested has been made on the two copies of the second letter, and everything seems to be in good order.It's good to see the \"Ur Problem\" in such orderly shape at last. Please don't hesitate to call on me for any further assistance you might need in the matter.Sincerely yours,Gloria S. ShihadehOffice of the Acting DirectorMr. Howard A. Reidâ
Mr. Pemberton's OfficeBlanchard Hall36th and Walnut StreetsUniversity of Pennsylvania:
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[handwritten notation in upper left corner. Looks like it says Dept. of;?? Philadelphia][handwritten in upper right corner Press Apr 10, Roman numeral I]Two years ago, in a stratum of rubbish underlying the cemetery of the pre-dynastic kins of Ur, we found a quantity of archaic inscribed tablets and clay jar-stoppers bearing the impressions of seals which were of great importance for the early art history of the country. As it was desirable to add to that collection excavations were started in the middle of February close to the stone walls of two of the smaller royal tomb chambers where the same stratum was known to run close to the surface exposed by our work in the cemetery. Results came quickly. At the end of a few days, working over an area measuring about fifteen yards by seven, we had secured a dozen complete tablets, together with numerous fragments, and over a hundred seal-impressions. The tablets can be assigned on epigraphical grounds to a period between that of the semi-pictographic tablets found at Jemdet Nasr in association with polychrome painted pottery and the (later) tablets from Fara[letter h crossed out] which were the oldest obtained from excavations prior to the war; for the study of the development of the cuneiform script they are very valuable. The seal-impressions are most varied; some have intricate linear designs occasionally intersposed[sic] with pictographs or semi-pictographic signs, some have human or animal figures worked into linear patterns, other are pictorial and shew hunting-scenes, scenes of men milking cattle, battle scenes, soldiers marching, combats between lions and bulls, lions attacking antelopes, etc., while a few have \"comic\" scenes of animals playing musical instruments; motives which we find on shell engravings from the royal tombs and on the wall friezes of the temple at al 'Ubaid recur here in an earlier form.Having exhausted the \"seal-impression-bearing strata\" we decided to carry the work down to a lower level with the object of finding graves:
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[handwritten notation in upper left corner; only word legible is Philadelphia][handwritten in upper right corner] Press Apr 10The work done by the Joint Expedition at Ur during the month of February gave results which for the proper understanding of the site are amongst the most important that we have yet secured. One of the great difficulties has always been the Temenos or sacred area; here were grouped together the temples and other religious buildings dedicated to the Moon god and his consort, and in the latter days of the city's life they were enclosed by a huge wall erected by Nebuchadnezzar: but no vestige of any earlier wall had been found and there was nothing to shew whether in preceeding[sic] ages these temples had been in any way distinguished from the residential area. Now the old wall has come to light. From 2300 B.C. the Temenos was a terrace or platform [word x-ed out, word raised typed above] above the general level of the town and surrounded by a wall so strong as to be more military than religious in character; the vicissitudes of the defences can be traced all through subsequent history, as they were breached or overthrown by enemies, patched or reconstructed by successive kings. The discovery is not unexpected but it is new, and affords a picture of [word x-ed out] the old city for which there was no evidence before. In the west corner of the Temenos rose the higher terrace on which stood the Ziggurat tower, and here we have completed the excavation of the buildings which surrounded an earlier Ziggurat than that which exists today; underneath the vast mass of brickwork dating from 2300 B.C. lies another tower some seven centuries [word x-ed out] older, and it is the dependencies of that buried Ziggurat which have now been unearthed. A row of small shrines faced the tower; behind them was a large temple, probably dedicated to the Moon goddess, in the central chambers of which was prepared the food of Nin-Gal herself and of the deities of her ret-:
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[handwritten note in the upper part of the page photo 56-57+58 ][24 , circled in pencil in the upper right hand corner.]URIraqJanuary 16. 1928.Sir,I have the honour to report to you on the work done during the first fortnight of this month; my reason for sending an interim report is that in this way I shall be able to complete the account of work on the cemetery, which stopped on the 7th instant, and at the end of the season, which will be on the 18th of February, shall have a more comprehensive description to give of the excavation in the Great Courtyard building than would be possible after only three weeks of digging.My original programme had been to cease work on the cemetery at the end of the year and to devote the rest of the season to the Great Courtyard. Actually a fortnight's work had already been done on the latter, and it was essential to finish up certain parts of the cemetery, so the men were kept on the graves for the first week of January.A patch of limestone rubble had been discovered close to the grave of Meskalam-dug; digging down below this, more stonework was found, and it became evident that there was here another royal tomb: the stepped [?dromes?] was found, cut in the soil and leading down to a door in the stone wall, the bodies and arms of the soldiers lying at the bottom of the slope; but it was clear that the tomb extended under the unexcavated soil and its clearing would demand considerable labour as the tomb floor lay forty feet below the modern surface and immediately under part of our spoil-heap of last season. A large number of men were employed throughout the whole week and the tomb was only finished on the Saturday evening.The grave shaft, measuring twelve metres by eight, was entirely occupied by the tomb, which consisted of three parallel chambers all built of rough limestone:
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[handwritten note on back]Kenyon1- division -2- continuation of work3- Tell el Obeid-:
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[handwritten note: 1st report, Nov 1923]REPORT on the resumption of the excavations at UR.To the Director of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.Sir,I have the honour to submit to you the following report on the resumption of work at Ur by your Expedition.I had proposed to travel to Baghdad from Aleppo, taking with me the native foremen from Jerablus, whom I had gone North to secure; but as it became evident that the formalities connected with the granting of their passports would take some time, which time I could ill afford, I went back to Beyrouth and engaged a passage from there to Baghdad in the Nairn Company's cars. I left Beyrouth on October 24 for Damascus, where I met Mr. Gadd, and we went together to Baghdad, arriving there on the morning of October 28. At Baghdad Mr. Fitzgerald was waiting for us, having reached the town a week before.During our three days' stay we purchased such things as were necessary to complete our stores for the season. I had official interviews with H. M. King Feisal, who shewed his usual keen interest in the progress of the work, and with the Minister of Public Works, who also was most pleasant. With Miss Bell, Honorary Director of the Department of Antiquities, and with Major J. M. Wilson of the Public Works, I made all the arrangements necessary for the resumption of the excavations; I saw too Colonel Tainsh, who acted up to his traditions of last season in offering even more assistance than I was prepared to ask; we should not have been able to leave Baghdad when we did if he had not put his private coach at our disposal, and through the Railways we shall be supplied with various commodities which otherwise would be far more costly or wholly unobtainable.I had proposed buying a Ford vanette in Syria, but was advised by Mr. Nairn to try my luck rather in Baghdad. I was shocked to find that the prices of second-hand and reconstructed Fords ranged from £80 to £100, and I have to thank in no small degree my friend Mr. Lovell, engineer of the Nairn Company, for having been able to procure a good car in running order for the moderate figure of £20.We left Baghdad on October 31 and arrived at Ur on the following evening; we were kindly given quarters at the railway station pending the putting in order of the expedition house. My Jerablus foremen arrived on the night of the 2nd of November, and the goods stored at Basra and those sent out during the summer from England were sent up here by our Basra agents on the second and third of the month; I hope that work on the house will be finished tomorrow, November 4, except for the building of a garage and of a new room for the foremen. Excavation proper is to start on Monday next, the 5th instant.I am glad to report that the guards left in charge of the house and site during my absence have done their work well; all the property stored hare is intact and in good order, and no wilful damage has been done to the site. The excavations have been to a considerable extent filled up by drift sand and a few of the walls badly weathered; this is unavoidable, and only justifies my intention of re-burying excavated sites, after a decent interval, with spoil-heaps from neighbouring areas; it is of advantage to have certain buildings open as show places in a country where the sand drifts of a single summer suffice to rob them of most of their interest.I shall begin work on the ziggurat on Monday next; work at Tell el Obeid should start a few days later.The health of the members of your expedition is excellent.My account of expenditure for the purposes of the expedition between July 1st and:
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[handwritten note: For Board Meeting]BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON.31st August, 1923.My dear President,Your letters of Aug. 14th and 16th, the latter containing your cheque for £1405, have reached me during my absence from the Museum on my holiday. The financial arrangements for the second season at Ur have been correctly stated to you by Dr. Gordon. I am having your contribution paid in to the special Mesopotamian Excavation Account at the Eastern Bank, and am giving instructions that the British Museum share shall be paid in likewise. I will send you a formal statement when the payments have been completed. Mr. Woolley has already left England for a short holiday in Italy, before proceeding to Syria on his way to Mesopotamia. The other members of the expedition will leave at the end of September or early in October, and it is proposed to begin work early in November. I trust we shall have a full and successful season.I have heard from Dr. Gordon in Cairo, but do not know exactly when he will be back in England.I agree with you that it will be more correct to include the salary of the British Museum assistant (Mr. Sidney Smith last year, Mr. Gadd this year) in the statement of accounts, and will see that this is done.Believe me,Yours very sincerelyF.J. Kenyon [signature]C.C. Harrison, Esq.,The University Museum, Philadelphia.:
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[handwritten note: For Release Monday Jan 3]On October 28 the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania restarted its work of excavating Ur of the Chaldees. The staff is the same as last year except that Father Burrows, S. J., has taken the place of Dr. Legrain, and that my architect, Mr. Whitburn, has yet to join us. The initial programme has also been determined by last season's work, and with a hundred and fifty men we began the clearing of a large mound which had already produced a number of valuable tablets and interesting house remains: now, at the end of a month, a considerable area has been excavated to a depth of some twenty feet and it is time to sum up our results.Our object was twofold, to secure more literary tablets, and to acquire knowledge of the conditions of domestic life at an early period, and in both respects we have been highly successful. Apart from scattered finds, three distinct hoards of tablets have come to light, and though it is too early in the day to say much about these, for when they first come out of the soil they are quite illegible and have to be baked in a furnace and then cleaned and mended before any study of them is possible and even then the study is a slow business, yet from a few examples, thirty or forty in all, which had been accidentally burnt in a fire which destroyed the building in which they were found and were therefore hard enough to be cleaned or partially cleaned forthwith, we may conclude that the discovery is of real importance. Instead of the business documents, receipts and contracts, which are commonly found on this site, these are all of a literary or scientific character; some are mathematical, and give lists of square and cube roots of all the numbers up to sixty; some are hymns; some record the pious foundations of early kings, important for the history and topography of the city; on one there seems to be mention of an unknown king of Ur, possibly one of the rulers of the Second Dynasty of which we know no more than it existed. If these are fair samples, then amongst the hundreds of tablets now being packed in sand for firing there should be literary material of the:
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[Handwritten note: return to Univ museum ??]1st Press. Report. Dec.1.1928[Encircled number 8 written in the top right corner]The first month of our new season at Ur has not indeed produced treasures to eclipse those of the last winter, when we discovered the tombs of the ancient kings with their wealth of gold and their array of human victims, but it has brought us, together with many objects of first-class importance, more information about the ritual of those royal funerals.All over the cemetery the upper levels have been disturbed by the grave-diggers of a later period, and in half of the area worked by us during November grave-robbers, house-builders and layers of drains had made havoc of the site, but in the other half conditions were simpler and it was possible to observe as never before the vertical relations between successive strata; factors which elsewhere had vanished altogether or survived only as isolated and meaningless fragments we could here connect into scheme. Last year we recovered (PG 1050) the ground-plan of a king's grave; this year we have traced the sections of such, and it is they are hardly less iluminating. [sic]The first clue was given by the discovery, not very deep down, of a layer of reeds extending up to the mud brick walls of what seemed to be a small room. The reeds were removed and under them, crushed to fragments by the weight of the soil, were innumerable clay pots, animal bones, and several human skeletons, all lying on a floor of beaten clay. It was easy to recognise that these things had been buried from the outset, were in fact a underground votive deposit, and that the building which contained them was a subterranean building; closer examination shewed behind the walls an earth face cut at a gentle slope, so that the building lay in a vertical shaft. The theory started arose that at the bottom of that shaft there would be a royal tomb and that when the king had been buried and his retainers duly slaughtered around him and the earth thrown back above their:
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[handwritten note] Recd Mar 17/25URFeb. 13. 1925Dear Gordon,I have two letters of yours to acknowledge, of the 6th and of the 21st of January respectively; and I'll deal with the latter first. As to money, my letter of Feb. 2 will have shown you that I understand the position and have no intention of exceeding the limits of my expropriation as now increased. I was most grateful to the University Museum for the extra £250 allowed, and as I have now raised as much again locally the fund is in a strong position; but I regard the original estimate of £4250 as the maximum to be spent, and anything received in excess of that will be carried forward as balance in hand to next year. My anxiety to continue work beyond the end of January has been amply justified, for I will whet your curiosity by telling you that this month has already proved by far the most productive of the whole season, and we now have objects which would fully repay not one season's digging but a whole campaign. It is peculiarly gratifying to me that the extra effort made on both sides should be so finely rewarded, and you will have every reason to be pleased with my next report.I am glad you like the report in the Antiquaries' Journal on Tell el Obeid, and hope that the second, on the Ziggurst, also satisfies you; the correction you make in the Museum Journal is of course all right! I fear I had been guilty of an agricultural inexactitude!It is a pity that Hall should have made such a fuss over what was obviously a slip for which full reparation was made. He is absurdly touchy on such personal points, and I am rather glad that he has proceeded to put himself in the wrong by making an error of the same sort.About photographs. These are all being made by Yahia, my Arab boy. At the beginning of the season he failed rather badly with his prints, though producing excellent negatives; now, with more practive, his prints too are really good and you will not have any cause for complaint. I must say that it is not an easy matter to get good prints here; our water is poor, and to have running water is impossible: in Yahia's case too he only learnt photography at the close of last season and had forgotten somewhat during the summer; but he is a capable boy and is now doing very fine work. From London I can send you a set of better prints after having the negatives properly cleaned, as they cannot be here. I'll try too to get some more views with life in them, though I think that in that respect too my later reports have gone further to meet your wishes. As regards your suggestion that I should go to Egypt to negotiate for Egyptian antiquities for the Museum, I am bound to say that I do not greatly like the idea. Though of course I know something about Egyptian things, I:
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[handwritten: 12 plates of photos attached]UR. December 30. 1924.To the Director,Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the work of your Expedition during the month of December.The weather has been unusually good for the time of year, and there has been no stoppage due to rain: on the other hand we have suffered from intense cold, and on December 27 had to abandon work altogether, as the men were unable to carry on, and since then the gang has been considerably under strength for the same reason.The health of the members of your Staff has been good on the whole.Dr. Chiera, of the University of Pennsylvania, who had been stopping here to learn field archaeology, left on Dec. 29.A good many visitors have come to the site, including a number of native officials, whose genuine interest in the work is a gratifying thing.The statement of accounts which will accompany this report will make it clear that work cannot go on for more than another month. It is regretable that the excavations should close down so early as the end of January, but the funds available will not run to a longer season. I hope that this time-limit may suffice to finish up the sites upon which we are actually engaged, but as the depths at which the remains of earlier periods will be found are still unknown I cannot yet be sure about this.Digging has been continued on the two sites described in my last report, i.e., on the area NW of the Ziggurat and on the E-dublal-makh. The former site was worked out so far as I considered advisable on Dec. 20; a great deal more work might have been done, but as all the historical results likely to be obtained from the ruins had been secured already,and as the site was not rich in objects, and the pre-Ur-Engur levels which must exist here were not tapped by our deepest trial-trenches, implying that the buildings of that period lie beneath and not around the existing Ziggurat, I decided to stop work here and start on a fresh site whose interest had been deduced from the discoveries made in the NW area. This new site lies SE of the Ziggurat, and I hope to obtain here a fort mof the Neo-Babylonian period overlying an earlier building perhaps of the same type.\"\"\"The Area NW of the Ziggurat.We have now been able to trace and identify and plan the remains of all the principal building periods from Ur-Engur to the Persians. I have previously reported the discovery of the Third Dynasty king's terrace wall with its rows of clay cones found in situ; now we have the whole range of buildings put up at the same time on the top of the terrace, between its parapet wall and the foot of the Ziggurat. These are terribly destroyed, but the plan can be made out in its entirety. The Ziggurat, a long wall and two ranges of chambers enclose an inner courtyard; one of the chambers whose unusually heavy walls imply a corresponding height, may well have been the actual shrine. A number of gate-sockets of Ur-Engur found either:
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[Handwritten: 2nd Report Dec. 25.1928] [Handwritten page number 16]In one part of the work there had been for a long time signs which seemed to portend a royal tomb and at last the pick-man detected the shelving sides of an ancient pit-shaft. As the filling of this was removed we found that only one end of the shaft lay within the area at present being cleared, the rest ran on under the twenty-five feet of earth where as yet no digging has been done, so that for the moment we could clear no more than a section of a shaft whose total area must remain unknown. The rim of a very large copper vessel was the first thing to be found, then another appeared next to it, and then the black stain of decayed wood; very careful clearing laid bare the wheels of a waggon, a perfect impression of a thing which had itself long since vanished, but on the soil could be distinctly seen the grain of the different planks of which the wheel was made, the curve of the rim and the stump of the axle: in front of it, in the part which we could excavate, lay the skeletons of two asses and a groom and amongst the bones the line of silver and lapis lazuli beads which have decorated the reins: it was just such a waggon as we have found in the King's grave last season.The mud floor on which the waggon stood had been covered with matting and towards the sides of the shaft this rose steeply up as if in the centre it had sunk beneath the weight of the waggon and its team. That could only have happened if the soil beneath them was soft and had recently been disturbed, so we dug down by the side of them and discovered some three feet below the skeletons of other animals, sheep and cattle, a collection of copper vases and weapons and the bones of a man. Here was a novel feature: the bodies of the victims and the offerings had been placed in the grave-pit, earth had been heaped above them and stamped down and mats laid over the top, and thereafter the waggon had been driven in and the:
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[handwritten: right margin: 4/5]UR of the Chaldees.Dec. 31. 1924.During December the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the University of Pennsylvania has been carying on work on both the sites described in my last report. In that I announced the discovery of the mud-brick wall built by Ur-Engur in 2300 B.C. to support the terrace on which stood his great ziggurat tower, a buttressed wall in the brickwork of which were inserted clay cones stamped with the king's name: now we have been able to work out the problems of an unusually tangled site and reconstruct the history of what was the religious centre of the city of Ur.Ur-Engur's terrace covers yet older buildings of which our deepest trenche has failed to produce any material trace, though the filling was rich in fragments of early pottery and there came to light one delightful little shell plaque engraved with the full[editorial marks remove hyphen with no indication to close space]length figures of two royals or devine persons which must date back to at least three thousand years before Christ: probably the actual buildings of that period are buried beneath the mass of the ziggurat, where they are safe from the explorer's disturbing hands. On the terrace, at the ziggurat's foot, Ur-Engur erected the House of Nannar the Moon God; it was a walled courtyard with buildings along two sides; of these one, a small but apparently lofty chamber, was probably the shrine wherein stood the statue of the god; the others probably served as store-rooms for the offerings made in his honour: it was perhaps thanks due to some tradition dating back to primitive times that the walls of the more important [?] rooms were of crude mud and brick, the simplest and oldest building material of the land.The Third Dynasty of Ur, which Ur-Engur founded, lasted for less thantwo centuries and then,:
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[handwritten: special [?] The Expedition to Ur]Ur of the ChaldeesDecember [?] 1924.The Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania restarted its work at Ur on the first of November and can now report a month's further progress in the unearthing of the monuments of the buried city of Abraham. Last season we had cleared the Ziggurat, the huge brick mass which, a second tower of Babel, dominated the whole town, but though we had dug down to its foundations we had found that these stood high above the level of the plain and must themselves rest upon an artificial platform. This year our main task was to trace this platform and to discover what were the surroundings of a ziggurat, whether it was an isolated structure or whether it formed a part of a more considerable complex.Work was begun to the north[editorial marks remove hyphen & close space]west of the tower, between it and the wall of the sacred enclosure which we had planned in our first season. Almost at once we came upon ruined buildings, but these proved to be of late da date, the living [editorial marks remove hyphen with no indication to close space] quarters and store [editorial marks remove hyphen with no indication to close space] rooms of the priests who in the Persian period still clung to the perhaps already ruined temple and collected from the faithful few the tithes of grain and oil which in scanty measure were paid to the once supreme Moon god. Below these stretched the wide courtyard laid out by Nabonidus, last King of babylon, when he restored the ancient ziggurat, an open space covering the whole area between the Tower and the enclosing wall, which we now for the first time recognised as belonging to the late Babylonian period. Under the courtyard floor came all that was left of a great range of buildings dating from the sixteenth century B. C. and under these again still older walls of shrines put up, as the inscribed clay cones from their foundations shewed, by the kings of Isin and Larsa who ruled Ur two thousand years before Christ: it was obvious that in early times there had been round t the ziggurat shrines, store-houses and priestly dwellings which more or less masked its bulk and were placed here not for architectural effect but for practical purposes, to fulfil the complicated needs of a what was not a church but the palace of the reigning god who had had about him a whole crowd of ministers and administratos devoted to his comfort and dignity but also directing his material estates. How various their functions might be was illustrated by the contents of a small hoard of clay tablets found in another building, part of the business archives of the temple of E-nun-mah; here were receipts for corn and oil, butter and milk and cheese, brought in by the farmers and the dairymen to their overlord the Moon god, and here too notes of the issues of the same {hand struck out comma] - rations to the temple servants, a half [editorial marks remove hyphen with no indication to close space] bottle of the best oil for the he head of a man who was sick, and all the petty routine of a big estate-agagency. For the smallest item there was a permanent record in the shape of a clay tablet duly witnessed and dated, for those old Sumerians were a business [editorial marks remove hyphen with no indication to close space] like people, and every month the complete list of tithes paid was drawn out on a sheets of clay nearly a foot square ruled like the pages of a modern ledger. With all these goods to store and with the of-[handwritten 6 in bottom right corner]:
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[handwritten] I hope that the text volume makes good [?]. Very soon I shall be writing to you about Cylinder seals [?and?]Terracottas, but that must wait for the moment.I'm very busy, as besides the Ur stuff I have [?many?] Syrian finds in hand: the repairing etc. is done by others but even so there's a good amount to do in connection with them. However, the Ur publication forges ahead.Best wishes for Xmas & the New YearYoursLeonard Woolley:
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[handwritten] The season's work of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania comprised four months digging the last month being the [?] month with regard to finds,[typed] UR March 5. 1925.Had we been obliged to keep to our original programme the season's work at Ur of the Chaldees would have ended a month ago, for the funds were already exhausted: but generous friends in Iraq itself came to the assistance of the British Museum and their contributions, met by Philadelphia with an equal sum, have enabled us to put in four more weeks digging, to complete the tasks to which we had set our hands, and, - perhaps the most satisfactory result of all,- to crown the year with just that sensational discovery which had been lacking in its earlier months. Proportionately great is my gratitude towards them.At the end of January we were still engaged on the excavation of a temple built in honour of Nin-Gal, wife of the Moon god, by Sinbalatsu-ikbi in 650 B.C. and restored by Nebuchadnezzar and his grandson. In February we completed the continued this work and completed the plan of the building, clearing what was left of its courtyard and the small chambers round it and finding the well in the court: a curious feature was that in the well-head there were numerous bricks stamped with the name of Sinbalatsu-ikbi but having in their text variants which showed that the Assyrian governor had put up shrines and statues of no less than eight deities other than Nin-Gal herself; the principal sanctuary where the great brick statue-base was found in position must have been surrounded by a whole row of minor chapels [indecipherable] like the side-chapels of a modern church in France or Italy. Having planned and photographed the late temple we proceeded to destroy it, for in its miserable condition it was not a monument worth preserving and certainly there were older ruins below waiting to be dug out. The destruction was soon repaid: under the sanctuary walls there stood in position, just as they had been placed two thousand five hundred years ago, thirteen baked clay cones beautifully inscribed with the Assyrian's dedication of his work, new texts belonging to a little-known ruler; and five feet below the workmen came upon the walls and paved floors of the next period. Generally the royal builders of Ur followed religiously the lines laid down by their predecessors, and each new plan is a copy of the old; but Sinbalatsu-ikbi, perhaps because he was a foreigner, had taken no account of such tradition, and the lower temple was of a different type and differently orientated from that above it. Built by Kuri-galzu in the middle of the second millennium before Christ, this House of Nin-Gal with its courts and store-rooms occupied the whole space between the SE face of the Ziggurat tower and a paved street which ran NE x SW from the great court of E-dublal-makh to the limit of the sacred enclosure: a double doorway in a projecting gate-tower formed the entry from street to temple, and immediately facing this was another similar doorway giving acces to another temple on the south side of the street whose excavation we have only begun. In the filling of Kuri-galzu's building we found the head of a small statue of a priest finely carved in black diorite, a work of about 2200 B.C., and a written monument of an earlier day, a steatite table recording buildings by Gudea; Gudea, who was governor of the town of Lagash about 2350 B.C., is well known from the French excavations at Tello and from the portrait statues of him now in the Louvre, but it had not been suspected that his power stretched so far afield as to include Ur. Kuri-galzu's walls are built upon a brick pavement which may be five hundred years earlier than his time, but we shall have to dig deeply yet if we are to find here traces of the work of the patesi of Lagash.For the rest, our extra funds have enabled us to clear the west corner of the courtyard and further ranges of rooms flanking E-dublal-makh, the old:
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[header] Eastern Point, Gloucester, Mass. Sept. 20thDear Miss McHugh, I am still alive - thank you - and recovering from the Harvard tricentenary celebration, and so happy in this hidden corner of the world, that it takes some courage to leave it. Any how I still have a conscience even if it is only a Roman one. I intended to be backat work Tuesday morning. It seems now doubtful considering the distance and the roads after the storms. But I will do my best - and you know that you can trust me. Your name has been mentioned.. With love, Padre:
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[Header] The university Museum PhiladelphiaSeptember 10, 1924Dear Doctor Legrain: It has been decided and agreed upon between this Museum and the British Museum that you shall this year join the Joint Expedition of the two Museums at Ur, of which Mr. C. Leonard Woolley will be in charge. The duties to which you will be assigned on this Expedition will be indicated by Mr. Woolley. It is understood that you will be second in command of the Expedition and will take charge in case of MR. Woolley's absence and in case any misfortune should happen to him. It has also been arranged with the Eastern Bank, where are funds are deposited, that you are empowered to draw against this fund. The necessity for your doing so will arise only in case Mr. Woolley should be disabled. I have nothing further to say at this time except to wish you a very pleasant journey and an interesting season of work on the expedition at Ur. Very sincerely yoursGB Gordon Director Dr. L. Legrain, Curator Babylonian Section The University MuseumPhiladelphia:
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[heading, text centred on page] REPORTon the work of the Joint Expedition of theBritish Museum and the University Museum of Philadelphiato Mesopotamia,for the period ending February 15= 1923.--During the last month the unusually favourable weather conditions, which had enabled work to go on without interruption from the beginning of November, stillcontinued, and only in the present week has there been any serious stoppage due to rain. The fact that the season has been continuous has naturally also cut it short, funds being expended far earlier than I had expected when allowing foranything from three to six weeks of bad weather and enforced idlesness; by the end of January my resources were running dangerously low. As I had on December 6th written to Dr. Gordon, and on December 7th to the Director of the British Museum,enquiring as to the possibility of an increase of my grant, which I strongly re-commended, and the answer to my letters seemed about due, I decided not to expendmy small balance by carrying on the work at full strength for the two or threedays which alone were possible and then to close down, but to take a week off,employing only a few men on clearing up outstanding points of detail, and so tokeep open the the question of resuming the dig on a large scale if the reply shouldbe favourable. As however noanswer had been received by February 11th to eitherletter, I dismissed my gang (though still employing a dozen or so men) and wroteto the Hon. Director of Archaeology, Baghdad, announcing the conclusion of myseason and requesting that arrangements be made for the division of the antiquit-ies found.Since my last report, the tracing of the Temenos Wall has been continued andon three of its four sides is virtually complete. It must be understood that theob ject of this work was to obtain with the minimum of labour the best possibleidea of the geography of the site as a whole; consequently the Wall has been onlytraced, not excavated, and there remain many points to be cleared up. Thus, onthe SW side, one gate, owing to the ruined state of the wall, could not be found, though its appoximate position was obvious, and it has been merely suggested on Mr. Newton's plan; on the NW side, though the corners were definitely established,between them our work lost itself in a maze of walls constructed in crude and in burnt brick at different periods and on different lines; it is probable that herethere was a salient, and that we were involved with buildings lying within theTemenos and not with its outer wall. But as it was evident that our difficultieshere could only be solved by excavations on a larger scale than I was prepared to undertakes this season, I decided to content myself with the results already obtain-ed. The importance of these will, I hope, be manifest. We have, after only a singleseason's work, a clearer idea of what a Babylonian Temenos was like than was given by eleven years' excavations at Babylon; the position of certain buildings withinthe area is known, and that of others can be surmised with reasonable probability. The knowledge thus gained will be invaluable for future excavators.Thw wall is of diferent dates. At the lowest level we find a straight-facedwall of crude brick which probably represents the original enclosure put up by UR-ENGUR when he set aside as sacred the area occupied by the older temples and partof the mound formed, and covered, by the houses of the primitive settlement. At a later period there was built over this a wall decorated with vertical recesses in the brickwork (Pl ); the date of this cannot yet be settled; this in turnfell into decay, and was repaired in the New Babylonian period, while further al-terations were carried out still later by the first of the Persian kings. Thus in:
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[HEADING] WESTERN UNION CABLEGRAMJANUARY 29, 1923WOOLLEYEASTERN BANKBASRA IRAKEXTRA FUNDS UNAVAILABLE:
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[Imprint British Museum seal]BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON29th January, 1924My dear Gordon,I send herewith Woolley's letter accompanying his communications for the press, covering the same period as the report which he sent off on December 31st, and which we received by air mail on Jan. 14th. The photographs accompanied the earlier packet. I propose to send the communications to the press for for publication on Feb 11th or later. If you want to get it into your Saturday papers on Feb. 9th, there is no reason why you shouldn't. I only say the 11th because there is a meeting of my Trustees on the 9th, and I like them to have any news before it appears in the papers.The question of publication, which Woolley raises, will want some thinking and talking about. In particular, I shall want to know what share you propose to take in it. Tell Obeid, being a small site, complete in itself, and particularly interesting in its results, might well form the subject of a volume by itself; but in this Hall would have to have an important share, as he found the site and made the first discoveries there. Possibly we should take the whole responsibility for this. This, however, is only one of the questions which we shall have to discuss. Are you coming over to England this year?Yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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[In the top left corner the emblem with words: NATIONAL SCHEME FOR DISABLED MEN]BRITISH MUSEUM,London:W.C.1. [the rest of the letter is handwritten]Jan. 24th 1927.My dear Gordon,I enclose Woolley's reports for December, which make me glad that he now has money which will at any rate allow him a [?] full season. I propose to release [?] [?] Press for publication on Feb. 15th. Yours sincerely F.G. Kenyon.:
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[In the upper left corner a kind of emblem with words: NATIONAL SCHEME FOR DISABLED MEN]BRITISH MUSEUM,London, W.C.1.21st January 1927.My dear Gordon,Many thanks for your very welcome cable of Jan. 19, notifying me that you are prepared in any case to go to your full limit of 2500 pounds for Woolley. I am not without hopes that we may not fall for short. Already I have an additional 150 pounds in sight, since we can count on receiving that amount within this financial year from a bequest left by Miss Gertrude Bell to assist archaeology in Iraq. I have therefore cabled to Woolley that the total now available is 4650 pounds, instead of the 4000 pounds mentioned in my letter; and I hope we may succeed in raising more in time to be of use.Many thanks for your good wishes, I hope all is going well with you and your Museum.Yours sincerely,[signature] F.G. Kenyon:
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[indecipherable] 1 to 5 inclusive[note: this handwritten line appears at the top of the page followed by a circled numeral \"1\"]UR.Iraq.October 31, 1927.Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the resumption of work at Ur by your Expedition.As I had already explained, the early occurrence of Ramadan next year and the improbability that digging could be continued during the fasting month made it desirable to begin the season a fortnight earlier than usual, and arrangements were made accordingly. My wife, Mr. Mallowan and myself arrived at Baghdad on Oct. 8th, and Hamoudi and his two sons arrived the same day; the latter proceeded at once to Ur to excavate the Expedition house, Mr. Mallowan followed two days later, and my wife and I, having stopped in Baghdad for such purposes as the purchase of stores and a car, came here on the 15th. Men were enrolled the next day, and digging began on Oct. 17th. Father Burrows had arranged to come somewhat later, as work on the forthcoming volume of texts made his presence in England advisable, and he has not yet arrive, but is now expected daily.[note: a penciled bracket in the margin labeled \"2\" opens here] The first part of our programme was the continued excavation of the early cemetaries, and a large area adjoining that dug last year was marked out and work begun from the top level, the object being to remove and distinguish carefully between the successive strata. Actuall this is not easy, owing to the fact that the old ground [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"2\" closes here] level was very irregular and the present flat surface is due partly to denudation and [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"3\" opens here] partly to the filling up on hollows in the Third Dynasty and Larsa periods, [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"3\" closes here] at which time many of the upper graves were plundered. However the result is satisfactory. Up to the present nearly all the graves below that surface have belonged to the two later earlier periods, the Sar- [note: a line is drawn in the left margin that extends from this point to the bottom of the page labeled \"4\"] gonid and [note: penciled bracket opens here] that immediately preceding [note: penciled bracket closes here] the First Dynasty of Ur, and the contents of them shew a marked difference from those of the earliest times discovered last year; the pottery and the metal weapons etc. are of other types, and although there is a quite:
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[letter head] BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C. IDecember 6, 1933Dear Jayne, I am sending you a revised estimate of the expenses of the 1933-4 season in which the total remains of course the same but a few of the items have been more closely estimate. This is not of great importance. A more important question is about the steps I am to take at the close of the season. On my way through Baghdad to UrI shall officially inform the Director of Antiquities that the workof the Joint Expedition at Ur will end definitely with the close of the season and ask him to make his arrangements for taking over thesite and the expedition house; the latter reverts to the Iraq Government when the expedition stops. The light railway must be handedback to the Iraq Railways by whom it was lent to us. But there is the question of other properties of the expedition and their dispos-al. The more bulky furniture is not worth the cost of transport andstorage in any case and had better be sold or given away at my dis-cretion; but (h)ousehold xxxxxx linen and furnishings, drawing and photographic equipment (other than the camera, which is British Mus-seum property on loan) and various odds and ends would be useful ifany expedition were contemplated in the im(m)ediate future and wouldbe worth the expense of storage. As they are the property of theJoint Expedition they could be stored at that expedition's expense;:
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[letterhead: National Scheme for Disabled Men] BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDONÂ : W.C.1 November 30th. 1926.Dear Legrain,Thank you very much for your letter, and for the promise of the photos. I am sorry to have asked you for things you haven't got, but really our records of the present position of objects are very unsatisfactory; I will write to Baghdad for those you mention, but am not sure how the business will fare there, for I don't think there is a good photographer available there.The new example of the Sieli-Adad brick I have not yet found; they were not put on show, but doubtless are lurking in some dark place. When they are found I will get:
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[letterhead: National Scheme for Disabled Men] BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON : W.C.1. October 27th. 1926.Dear Legrain,Your letter, with the pencil rubbing, arrived a few days ago, and yesterday there came the two excellent photographs of the Rimush mace-head. Thank you very much for both of them. Meanwhile, could you begin getting other photographs made for the book? The list which I have provisionally drawn up is as follows, for objects now with you in Philadelphia:-I U.206. Rimush mace-head (â, this you have sent). III U.3244. Gudea, foundat. tablet to Nin-dar-a. I [U.208 Ur-Nammu mace head; but I think in fact this is at Baghdad. Will you see if you have it?] III U.3081. Ur-Nammu brick of giÅ¡-Å¡ar-mah. III U.3265. Main fragm. of great stele inscr. (under drummers):
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[letterhead: National Scheme for Disabled Men] BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDONÂ : W.C.1.March 24th 1927.Dear Legrain,Thank you very much for the copies of the date formulae, and the sheets from the Museum Journal. I have very little of this kind to add, and so shall not be long in doing it. With regard to the book itself, I am still stuck on it, with an infinite deal of trouble in making a rather elaborate index of the inscrr. the idea being to give all the external information about each text in a single table. I am having to leave a certain number of blanks, many of which you will be able to fill in. I have all the necessary photographs now, and will arrange them in plates. The date formulae I:
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[Logo of Hotel Bristol, Berlin]Oct. 6. 1928.Dear Miss MacHughI am sorry to have to give youour piece of bad news. The day beforewe left England I heard that Mr. Mallowanwas in bed with what might prove tobe appendicitis;: I have since had a note to say that he will probably haveto have an operation & will in anycase not reach Ur until after the season has started. It is difficultwhen one is working with a minimumstaff to dispense with any member:
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[logo, National Scheme for Disabled Men]BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON22nd December 1923Dear President Harrison,I am much obliged by your letter of Dec. 6th, enclosing draft for £1405, in completion of your share of the Mesopotamian Expedition Fund for 1923-24. The draft has been paid to the Eastern Bank, and at the same time I have paid to them £487.10.0 on behalf of the British Museum, which, with the £702.10.0 previously paid, and the £215 paid directly to Mr. Gadd as his salary, completes the British Museum share for the same period.Believe meYours sincerelyF.J. Kenyon [signature]Director and Principal Librarian:
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[Logo: National Scheme for Disabled Men] British Museum,London.13th March 1924.My dear Gordon,I have to acknowledge with thanks the receipt of your draft no. 4543 on Messrs. Brown, Shipley and Co., ofthe value of £500 to be added to the MesopotamianExpedition Fund.The sum of £250, which we have contributed in addition to our original provision has already been paid in, and I have informed Wolley by cable that hehas a total addition of £750 to his resources.With many thanks, I remainYours very sincerelyF. J. Kenyon [signature]:
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[logo: National Scheme for Disabled Men]BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON.15th October, 1923.My dear President,In confirmation of my letter of August 31st, I write to inform you formally that the sum of £300 was placed by the Trustees of the British Museum to the credit of the Mesopotamian Excavations Fund with the Eastern Bank on July 1st, 1923, and a further sum of £4027. 10s. on August 29th, making a total of £7027. 10s., or half of the full share to be contributed by them to the expenses of the current season.Yours faithfullyFrederic J Kenyon [signature][handwritten: 1405702.10]President C. C. Harrison,University Museum,Philadelphia.:
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[monogram upper left: National Scheme for Disabled Men][letterhead, dateline indention:] British Museum,London: W.C. 1.14th November, 1924.My dear Gordon,I am glad to hear, by your letter of October 23rd, that you have received the packet of photographs sent by Woolley.The work of making casts from last season's finds is not quite complete, but we hope to send off your share, both of casts and originals, in the first week of December. Assuming that there is no delay in transmission, they should reach you in good time for an exhibition in January.Yours very sincerelyF. G. Kenyon. [signature]:
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[Most of the document is written in fancy typescript, with the exception of handwriting as noted below.]No. 341.Department of Printed BooksBritish Museum,London, W.C.13th Jan 1932[date is handwritten]Sir,[handwritten]I beg to acknowledge with thanks the receipt of [the title of the document is handwritten]\"The University Museum Bulletin\" Vol 2, nos. 3-6 Vol. 3 nos. 1&2which you have been so good as to present to the Trustees of the British Museum.I am,Sir,[handwritten]Your obedient Servant. H.Thomas[underlined, and handwritten]Acting Keeper[handwritten][the following is handwritten]The Director,University Museum,Philadelphia,U.S.A.:
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[multiple cuneiform symbols]: agrig_d Namar
Hand model_d Feet broken.
Agrig overseer, divinor of Nannar
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[multiple objects] TC. relief-Nude Fem. w. h. clasp_d over breast
A.-Ft broken at hips-h. 61mm NT. surf. soil correspond to Period II B-Brok.at hips-h. 55 mm Dq. C-Identical h. 55. Dq. :
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[notations indicated on bottom of note written upside down and crossed out -Dq.-1314-Ph192]:
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[note that this is a typed label on the flip side of note PA-B8-F01A-C002:
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[note the following is indicated, crossed out and upside down at the bottom of note
1370 Dq. 15660]
Ph. 175 & 189.:
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[note: a circled number \"9\" is written at the top right of the page]2.At one end of the trench stood a harp. [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"13\" opens here] The upright, about four feet high, was of wood capped with gold and with a broad goal band at the base and a shoe of bitumen; the keys in it were of copper with gold-plated heads. The edges of the base board were inlaid with a narrow gold beading between two strips of lapis. The sounding-box was of wood having round its edges a band of incrustation in shell enriched with lapis and red paint. the far end of the body was encased in silver and ends in a magnificent head of a bullock made of gold with the curls between the eyes ears and the elaborate \"false beard\" worked in separate bits of carved lapis, while the eyes are of lapis also. There were twelve strings. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"13\" closes here]Personally I should rank this harp above anything found in the grave of Mes-kalam-dug, but I must point out that, the wood and silver having perished, it does not at present look nearly so remarkable. I do not think it wise to say too much about it until it has been restored, but fortunately that is easy since every detail could be accurately measured. [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"17\" opens here] The inlay had been kept in its place by the soil, and by pouring plaster into the hold left by the decay of the up-right we were able to make a cast which preserved the position of the keys; the silver plating of the front of the body is the only serious loss. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"17\" closes here] I can only hope that Baghdad will not claim what will probably prove to be the finest Museum object yet found in Mesopotamia. As I have said, the excavation of this grave is not yet complete.Your Staff were so overwhelmed with the mass of objects discovered recently and by the engrossing attention required for the clearing of these rich graves that on the 18th instant I moved all the men who were not actually engaged on their excavation to the second site in our programme, i. e., the great Courtyard building, where they could be profitable employed in shifting surface earth while we made up arrears in cleaning and cataloguing and directed the clearing of the graves in progress. As soon as this is done full work on the cemetery will be re-:
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[note: a circled numeral \"10\" is written at the top right]3sumed.I had not time in my last report to describe one discovery which though disappointing was of very great interest. [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"10\" opens here] At a depth of over six metres from the surface we found what was undoubtedly a royal tomb; it consisted of two chambers at the bottom of a shaft, massively constructed in unhewn stone and roofed also with stone, the roof being a corbelled vault or dome over a wooden centering. The inner chamber, presumably that destined for the king's burial, had been completely rifled and we found in it only scattered bones and a few beads and copper implements. The outer chamber, which was much larger, had also been plundered but not so thoroughly; there had been here three, or perhaps four burials, one body being placed in each corner with its feet towards the centre; one of these, protected by the fall of the roof, had the gold and silver ornaments of the better class of grave, close by xx another there was a mass of copper vessels and amongst them a very fine decorated silver bowl in a good state of preservation. Evidence is accumulating to [indecipherable] that in the very early period a royal funeral was accompanied by the slaughter of a certain number of retainers who were buried with the king. In the middle of this chamber, perhaps left from another burial, there were the remains of an elaborate head-dress of gold, silver and lapis and carnelian beads, rather like a Russian bridal wreath. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"10\" closes here]Father Burrows arrived on the 12th of the month, thus completing the number of the Staff. On the 14th a small gang was set to work on the outskirts of the house site dug last year, in the hopes of finding more of the important tablets found in the part then excavated.One very bad sandstorm, and on another occasion heavy rains which nearly flooded out the house, have been the only interruptions of work. A sudden and violent recrudescence of cholera at Nasiriyah has necessitated the inoculation of the Expedition household and staff, and all possible precautions are being:
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[note: a circled numeral \"11\" is written at the top right]4.taken to prevent infection. The season has been a trying one from the point of view of health, but this may improve with winter conditions.Trusting that you will be pleased with the success obtained by your Expedition I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signed]C. Leonard Woolley:
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[note: a circled numeral \"13\" is written at the top right]2[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"15\" opens here]in board decorated with big shell plaques engraved with mythological scenes, [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"15\" closes here]the point of it formed by a bull's head of gold with hair and beard of lapis lazuli; [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"16\" opens here]the woodwork had all perished but can be restored with perfect accuracy[note: the penciled bracket labeled \"16\" closes here and a penciled bracket labeled \"18\" opens here that continues to included the rest of the page] Then came 13 bodies laid in parallel rows except for one which was crouched up against the harp, probably the harpist; two of these were children the rest women wearing identical head-dresses of gold ribbon, beads and gold leaves; they had none of the normal funerary furniture. Coming nearer to the middle of the grave we have found a set of four arrows with large gold heads and shafts bound with gold and silver, a set of four spears with copper heads and gold and silver bound shafts, and others not yet fully excavated. Next was a shallow trench containing the bodies of 5 men, also without the normal furnishings. Then came a discovery astonishingly like Herodotus' account of the burial of Scythian kings; there was a chariot of xxxxxxxx inlaid wood decorated with small gold heads of oxen and lions, 12 in all, along the top rail, 6 large lions' heads on each side of the body, these of gold with manes in lapis and shell, two large panther's heads of silver in the front and two smaller silver lions' heads on the freeboard. To the chariot were harnessed two asses which wore collars of copper decorated with a large eye pattern; between them was the rein-ring from the pole, of silver, on which was a \"mascot\" in electrum, the figure of a donkey in the round, a finer piece of realistic animal sculpture even that we get on the wall relief of the late Assyrian kings. Three dead grooms lay holding the asses heads.Near the chariot was a gaming-board (not so fine as last year's) complete with its two sets of gaming pieces and dice; of the former one set (7) were shell plaques with engraved animal scenes. Close to this was a wooden box measuring about 2.99m. by 0.90m. decorated along the front with a mosaic in shell and lapis, unfortunately quite ruined by the decay of the shell, and by a band of gold inlay; this was empty, and had probably contained clothes. Round the box lay a mass of offerings:
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[note: a circled numeral \"14\" is written at top right]3.[note]a penciled bracket labeled \"19\" opens here] of all sorts. Scattered beads, a pair of tweezers and stiletto in gold, a fine engraved and inscribed lapis cylinder seal, a scepter in gold and lapis with a silver head, clay vessels, two large silver lions' heads, perhaps from a stool, copper vessels and tools, stone vases to the number of thirty or more including an oval bowl of obsidian, a cup in lapis lazuli, two decorated pots in steatite and a vase in black and white granite, a set of gold chisels, a gold saw, some thirty silver vessels, mostly in good preservation and including many new shapes, and four magnificent gold vases, two of them elaborately decorated with fluting and engraving. The box and the objects round it cover the site of the actual grave, which I hope to open in the course of the next few days. It certainly is undisturbed. Even should it prove a disappointment, the upper levels where lay the offerings have rewarded us with the most wonderful collection of objects. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"19\" closes here]At the same time I am digging out a tomb of another sort, one closely resembling the plundered grave which disappointed us earlier in the season. We are now working at the chamber, which is built of limestone rubble and roofed with the same. Whether it will be found to contain anything we cannot yet say, but [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"36\" opens here] it is most interesting for the history of architecture, for the roof is of corbel vaulting, perfectly preserved, and at the end of the chamber takes an apsidal form, the corners of the building being rounded off with rough pendetives to support a half-dome; the rest of the roof is barrel-shaped. Judging from its position,- it lies below the grave of Mes-kalam-dug,- it is one of the earliest we have yet found, and while it must be one of the first buildings instances of real building in stone its builders were acquainted with such complicated forms of architecture as the vault and the dome. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"36\" closes here]I enclose photographs, and hope to send newspaper reports next week.I am glad to say that the cold weather which has now set in has put an end to the epidemic of cholera.:
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[note: a circled numeral \"15\" is written at top right]4In view of the very great value of the gold objects, and to avoid the interruption to our work which would probably be caused by visitors coming in large numbers to see then, I have obtained the consent of the Honorary Director of Antiquities to remove the most important of them and deposit them in the Eastern Bank, Baghdad, pending the division at the end of the season. It is impossible to prevent reports getting abroad, and while I do not think that there is much danger of a raid on the house the responsibility of keeping the gold here, where we have no proper store-room, is considerable, and visitors would certainly be a plague to us.Trusting that you will be satisfied with my statement of accounts and with this report on the success obtained by your Expedition,I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,[signed]C. Leonard Woolley:
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[note: a circled numeral \"17\" is written at the top right]2[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"25\" opens here]matting; on the slope lay the bodies of the six soldiers of the guard wearing copper helmets and carrying spears -- the skulls, though crushed, have been preserved by us complete with the helmets. At the foot of the ramp were drawn up two heavy wooden four-wheeled carts or chariots each drawn by three oxen wearing silver rings in their noses and broad decorated silver collars, attached to poles surmounted by \"mascots\" in the form of bulls and harnessed with reins made of large silver and lapis beads. The skull of all these and the complete body of one have been preserved. The grooms and drivers were found in their places; one of the former had a dagger with fold-decorated hilt.Against the side of the shaft were two statues of bulls; the bodies, made of wood, had entirely decayed; the head of one was of copper with inlaid eyes, a very fine piece of work in excellent condition, that of the other was of gold and lapis, the head itself being of thin gold over wood, the hair, beard, eyes and tips of the horns of lapis. The head is badly crushed and distorted, but can be easily be restored. Down the chest of each animal ran a series of shell plaques engraved with mythological scenes.The whole of the rest of the shaft area was littered with bodies. Against the foot of the tomb lay 11 skulls, presumably those of the principal women of the harem, each wearing an identical elaborate headdress consisting of gold ribbon making a sort of net over the hair, a wreath of beads with mulberry-leaf pendants, very large gold ear-rings, and a silver head ornament shaped rather like a hand with at the tip of every point a rosette having inlaid petals of gold, lapis and shell. The other bodies were less richly adorned, but gave a great number and variety of:
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[note: a circled numeral \"18\" is written at the top right]3[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"26\" is written next to this line] beads, pins, etc.Obviously the main riches of the (D) grave had been with the body in the plundered (C)tomb; [note: a penciled bracket labeled \"21\" opens here and continues for the rest of the page]from the wreckage of this we recovered a few small gold objects, including a frontlet made of two lengths of gold chain and three large beads, a very fine gaming-board encased in silver, all the shell squares of the face engraved with animal subjects, and a most remarkable model sixty centimetres long of a boat, in silver, complete with oars and awning-support. Much as one must regret the looting of the chamber, this loss is perhaps compensated by the survival of the chamber itself, for it is an extraordinarily interesting architectural monument. The walls are of rough stone built up between caissons with mud mortar; at one point the wall line is broken by a doorway arched with brick. Along the top of the stone wall a single course of bricks was laid, and from this rise the springers of the arches which form the vault. Both door and vault are made with true arches; the bricks are plain, not voussoit-shaped, but fragments of brick or pottery are inserted in the upper part of the joint to secure a radial angle; the vault is simply a succession of such rings. But at the ends of the chamber instead of the arch coming flush against the end wall an apsidal form is produced: the roofing-bricks are laid flat, or rather, on a slight and gradually increasing slope, and are stepped out one beyond the other below it, and, starting with a single brick laid across the corner from wall to wall, the angles are rounded off and the square end of the room is transformed into a semicircle whose roof is a half-dome, a mixture structurally of true domical building and corbel work. It results that at the date of these tombs, well back in the fourth millennium, the:
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[note: a circled numeral \"20\" is written at the top right]5[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"33\" opens here and includes the rest of the text on this page] The body lay on a wooden bier, almost hidden beneath two huge votive lamps of silver. Round the knees were garters of lapis and gold beads; on the hands were ten gold rings, seven with a simple cable design in gold, three inlaid with lapis. The upper part of the body was entirely covered with a mass of beads in gold, lapis, carnelian and agate, which had formed a beaded cloak fastened over the right shoulder and arm; the beads were of course all loose, and musch disordered, but the general design of the cloak could be made out and it should not be difficult to reproduce it fairly faithfully. The fastenings were composed of three large gold pins with lapis heads, to each of which was attached a big lapis cylinder seal; by the fastening, on the right arm, were three amulets in the form of fish, two in gold, one in lapis, a gold amulet in the form of two seated antelopes, and, by the shoulder, one of lapis in the form of a reclining calf hung on big beads of lapis and agate. Round the neck was a \"dog-collar\" made of gold and lapis triangles and small beads. On the head was an elaborate headdress so large that it could only have been worn over an artificial wig; a broad gold ribbon passed several times round the lower part of the head, in a gentle spiral, and two strands of it passed over the crown to the nape of the neck: a triple string of beads from which hung large gold rings ran across the forehead; above this was another string with big mulberry-leaf pendants of gold; above this again a third string of gold and lapis beads with small drop pendants, long slender gold leaves like willow-leaves in sets of three, and gold flowers with inlaid petals of blue and white. From the back of the head rose an ornament rather like a Spanish comb, a pin broadening to a triangle having seven long thin:
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[note: a circled numeral \"21\" is written at top right]6[note: a penciled bracket labeled \"34\" opens here] points connected by wires, and at the end of each point a large rosette with inlaid centre; this was also of gold.This headdress is really an elaboration of that worn by the ladies whose bodies have been found in the sacrificial annex of the two large royal tombs; by the side of the bier was another of a sort hitherto unique. This consisted of a fillet, apparently of thisn leather, to which were stitched minute beads of gold and lapis covering the whole surface. Against this background were small gold rosettes, \"palmettes\" of thin twisted wire, branches of shrubs in gold with gold with gold and carnelian pods or fruit, bunches of pomegranates, three fruit and three leaves, most naturalistically rendered, ears of corn in gold, and four pairs, of seated gold animals, stags, rams, antelopes and bearded bulls. It is a marvelously delicate piece of work.The ear-rings actually worn in the ears were spirals of gold wires; in the hair, under the gold ribbon headdress, there were enormous \"ear-rings\" with lunate ends, as much as eleven centimetres in diameter; the total weight of the headdress must have been very oppressive.Amongst objects from other graves I would remark a very beautiful alabaster lamp with a figure of a man-headed bull carved on the side. [note: the penciled bracket labeled \"34\" closes here] The weather conditions have been unusually good for the time of year, and there has been virtually no interruption of work. Dr. O. Ravn, of Copenhagen, came here on December 13th and has remained with us since that date, in accordance with the arrangements I had made with him last year, and will stop for another week. I regret to say that shortly before Christmas, Mrs. Woolley lost the sight of one eye and had to be taken to Baghdad for treatment;:
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[note: a circled numeral \"22\" is written at top right]7I brought her back here on Christmas day, and there is some improvement, but she is ordered to rest her eyes for some while yet. The health of the other members of the staff has been excellent.I enclose a statement of expenditure for the month; the items, I think, call for no special comment; the only unusual one, that for travelling, is explained by my having to go to Baghdad once to put gold objects into safe deposit, on which occasion I took an escort with me, and twice to take Mrs. Woolley to hospital and to pay, on my own account, a visit to a dentist which was urgently necessary.I might, however, take this opportunity of bringing forward one point. The great finds of gold made this season have thrown upon our foremen more work and much more responsibility than usual, and at the same time the large rewards which I have had to pay out have tended to diminish the difference between the foremen's wages and those of the men whom they supervise; I think that it would be only seemly if the tips given to the foremen at the close of each season could this year be increased. Further I would suggest that a larger present than usual be given to the tribal sheikh who is responsible for the site, and this not only because he secured its safety from looting during the summer and has accepted the real responsibility of guaranteeing the safety of the house now when it is known to contain large quantities of treasure, but also because, being recognized by tribal law as the owner of the site (though legally this belongs to the Government) he has a certain moral claim to benefit by our discoveries in it. On both these points I should be glad to have:
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[note: a circled \"II\" is written at the top center]3.This royal grave has illustrated further the extraordinary degree of material civilization which Mesopotamia enjoyed in the fourth millennium B.C., shewing how much this country was in advance of contemporary Egypt. Indeed it has done more than that, it makes it clear that the art of that day was already old and stereotyped, even decadent. If the figure of the donkey on the rein-ring of the chariot is startling in its realism, one feels that it is because the subject was unusual and an artist of whose technique was above reproach was driven for one to take his inspiration direct from nature; but the heads of lions and bulls, the commonest of all subjects, are informed by a tradition already hard and fast: and just as it would be difficult on grounds of style to distinguish them from the lions and bulls of al Ubaid, which were fashioned some hundreds of years later, so one feels that these from the tomb are likely to reproduce faithfully originals some hundreds of years older than they are. But the moral aspects of the early civilization which the grave presents are wholly new and unexpected. Probably here too we have a survival from of a much earlier custom; certainly the graves of the common people shew nothing of the kind, and by the time history began to be written men had either forgotten or were ashamed to record the barbarous practices of their forefathers. In Egypt the graves of the kings of the First Dynasty illustrate the latter stages of a similar custom - perhaps another link between the Nile valley and the Euphrates at that period - and the wooden figures placed in later tombs may bear witness to the same primitive indecipherable ideas finding expression in a humaner make-believe; but that such a custom ever prevailed in Mesopotamia we had no knowledge until the spade brought to light this tomb-shaft with its final pomp of royalty, the gold-decked women of the harem laid out in ordered rows in a place apart, the musicians and the servants at their tasks, the men on guard. For the history of civilisation the discovery is, in both its aspects, of the greatest importance; it has supplied definite information of anwhich is absolutely novel sortnew to science and it affords material for theories still more far-reaching. this record of the past six years warrants the {indecipherable] that it will [indecipherable].:
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[note: a penciled numeral \"23\" is written at top right]8your ruling.Trusting that you will be satisfied with this report and with the results obtained by your Expedition, I have the honour to be, Sir,Your very obedient Servant,(Signed) C. Leonard Woolley:
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[Note: in the following, the underlined bits & the left 3 columns of the form are handwritten by the same person (presumably H.R. Hall). The Consular Notes are handwritten by what seems to be a different person. The amount in the Market Value column are bracketed together to the amount in the Total Value column.][Stamp in upper right corner reads:THE AMERICAN EXPRESS CO. INC. MANAGER'S OFFICE16 BURY ST.2-JAN. 1925LONDON, ENG.] INVOICE (FOR GREAT BRITAIN.) -------- British Museum London W.C.1. Dec. 30th 1924 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ (Place and date.) Invoice of four boxes containing excavated antiquities and casts consigned ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ by Dr. H.R. Hall, of the British Museum, of London, England ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯to Dr. G.B. Gordon, Director, of the University Museum, Philadelphia Pa. U.S.A. ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯to be shipped per American Express Co.Inc. ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯========================================================================================================================== Marks | FULL DESCRIPTION OF GOODS | Market | Total Market | Consular CorrectionsNumbers, and | (N.B. - Always state the cost of packing, and all other | Value | Value. | or Remarks Quantities | costs, charges, and expenses.) | Per Unit. | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | L WB.M.1. | Four wooden boxes containing | £400 0 0| ) | 10 x 4ft.4 x 3ft5--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------Philadelphia | miscellaneous antiquities | | | | Wt. 15 cwt--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------B.M.2. | excavated in Babylonia by | £200 0 0| | | 3ft x 2ft 10 x 2ft 10 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------Philadelphia | the joint expedition of the | | - £1000 0 0| Wt. [1 1/4?] cwt--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------B.M.3. | British Museum and the | £300 0 0| | | 3ft x 4ft4 x 3ft 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------Philadelphia | University Museum, Phila- | | | | Wt. [?] cwt--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------B.M.4 | delphia; and five plaster | £100 0 0| ) | 1ft.8 x 2ft3 x 1ft 7½ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Philadelphia | Casts of antiquities also | | | Wt. [?] cwt--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | discovered in the same | | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | excavations | | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Cost of boxes, packing,&c. £1:10:0 | | 1 10 0|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | [following is typed] Consular Fee | | 11 8|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯------------------------ | Weight 12 3 24 | | £1002 1 8| paper currency. [typed] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯------------------------ | [?] 109' 6" | | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | No Export Tax. | | | | No Internal Revenue Tax. [contents this cell typed] | | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The above invoice is correct and true.(Signature of manufacturer or owner, or agent of either signing in the name of his principal.)H.R. Hall [signature]Keeper of Egyptian & Assyrian Antiquities [handwritten]1-1009:
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[note: the word \"Report\" is written at the top left corner and the numeral \"19\" is written at the top right corner]URIraqFebruary 25. 1929.Sir,I have the honour to report to you as follows on the final stages of this season's work carried out by your Expedition here.Excavations in the courtyard of the Nannar Temple were finished in the first days of February and the men employed there were gradually drafted off to the cemetery area. Here it has become clear that on the south-east we have reached the limit of the older graveyard; in the upper levels there are still some graves further to the SE, but the excavation of these would not, in my opinion, repay the cost, and we may therefore consider that in this direction enough has been done. On the extreme limits of our excavated area no early graves were found, and the character of the soil shows that no more are to be expected. Apart from this negative result our work here was repaid in the first place by the finding of a grave of Sargonid date which is the richest yet discovered by us; it contained a quantity of gold ornaments, the most striking of which is an amulet in the form of a standing goat, fine stone beads and a remarkable series of copper vessels including several new types. In the second place we found here low down in the rubbish strata wherein the graves are dug one representing a short-lived period during which the primitive town spread out over the dump; there were the remains of mud-brick walls, and between these there lay on a floor level archaic tablets similar to those found earlier in the season and at the same level. Some two hundred tablets or considerable fragments of tablets were:
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[note: This calculation appears in the left-hand margin: 3172. ½ 1586 ?July? 10% [total] 1824]text, but as the cost of the work is coming out lower than was originally estimated, the total with this addition will only be about £650 for 250 copies instead of the £700 originally estimated. We shall be able to fix the selling price at £4 or $20. I hope you will approve.Believe meYours very sincerely[signed]F. G. KenyonP.S. You will be interested to hear that the gold dagger, toilet-set, and diadem, which had been retained at Baghdad, have at last arrived. We are taking in hand the preparation of electrotypes.:
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[number 2 at top center of page]to the collections of the two museums, but served also to throw new light on the prehistoric age in Babylonia.The first objective sought by the expedition in 1922 as it faced the great mounds of desert sand and debris which had accumulated at Ur through the centuries was to obtain a clear idea of the topography of the site, its extent, and the location and character of the principal public buildings.Therefore, from November to March, during five successive seasons (1922-27) one hundred and fifty to two hundred Arab workmen, under the direction of Dr. Woolley and his staff, labored to reveal bit by bit the character of a Babylonian city that flourished in the days of Noah, and again throughout Bible times.One mound, higher than the rest, marked the ruins of the Ziggurat, that staged tower, prototype of the tower of Babel and of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, that characterized every Babylonian city. For the Sumerians - later known as Babylonians - had come in the remote past from the eastern mountains down into the plains of Babylonia. Having worshipped mountains and cities, they felt constrained to build in the flat country these artificial hills surmounted by shrines to which their mountain loving gods might come and feel at home.The clearing of the Ziggurat at Ur comprised most of one season's work, but well repaid the effort, for it proved to be the best preserved tower that has yet been found in Mesopotamia and enabled scientists to gain a clear idea of this most characteristic architectural style of ancient Babylonia. It was a huge rectangle of solid brick masonry, almost 200 feet long and 130 feet deep, rising in four diminishing stages to a height (originally) of perhaps 100 feet. A triple stairway led up one face, and shallow:
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[number 2 handwritten at top of page]Thackeray HotelOpposite the British MuseumGreat Russell StreetLONDON, W.C.1.TELEGRAMS: THACKERAY, LONDONTELEPHONES: MUSEUM 1230 - 1231of the \"Flood\" levels, on which Mr. W. has based his great argument, till he has decided that he is satisfied with all the evidence. After that we will get our share of it.I insisted on the wish of our Museum to get a fair share of all the undivided uninteresting surplus of pots and small objects for distribution to minor museums in America.Dr. H.R. Hall and Mr. C.J. Gadd helped gracefully through the whole division and will supervise the packing in October.They seem anxious to have the Br. Mu. loaned objects returned at the same time and will write officially about it. I am also under the impression that they should like to have the division take place every year at the end of septembre[sic], when they close the yearly exhibit.:
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[number 2 in circle]
<p>TRIAL PIT F <br /> 16m </p>
<p>X2 </p>
<p>   At 16 m, flush with the painted pot grave there was a considerable amount of decayed burnt brick - reddish +yellowish drab not unlike the resembling in colour + texture the decayed brick found in level in the early [?larsa?] site <br /> Dimensions C. 0275 x ? x 0075</p>:
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[number 3 centered at top of page)buttresses gave each stage a paneled effect. The top stage was faced with bright blue glazed bricks; the stage below was red, and the remainder black.The whitewashed walls of the court below the Ziggurat completed the color sequence (white, black, red, blue) which denoted the four zones of heaven. Inscriptions stamped on the facing bricks led to indentifications[sic] of the upper part of the building as the work of Nabonidus, who ruled about 550 B.C., but the lower part was the work of Ur-Nammu, also known as Ur-Engur, and his son Dungi, 2000 years before.Many fragments of the Stela of Ur-Nammu were uncovered by the expedition as early as 1925, and additional fragments were found later, one of considerable size being unearthed in 1933. This stela, regarded as one of the two or three most important relics of Sumerian art known, is a limestone slab about ten feet high, and records the achievements of the great Sumerian king whose name it bears.The buildings which Dr. Woolley gradually unearthed around the Ziggurat belonged to the period immediately preceding the collapse of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, in the time of Nebudchadnezzar and his son Nabonidus, (sixth century before Christ). But below each of them he found earlier remains at various levels, showing that the buildings had been repaired or rebuilt at intervals by previous rulers all through the vicissitudes of 3000 years of tumultuous history.Nebuchadnezzar was one of the most assiduous builders of ancient times - wherever men dig in Babylonia they almost invariably find that he restored and rebuilt the temples and shrines of his predecessors - and at Ur he and Nabonidus practically rebuilt the:
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[number 3 enclosed in hash marks and centered at top of page](continued):Copy of Memorandum, \"Ur Publications, Suggestions for Volumes III and IV\" prepared by Leonard Woolley for British Museum, dated September 13, 1935:\"The account with the Oxford Press having now been settled in full it is possible to proceed with the issue of further volumes in the Archaeological Series of the Ur Publications.\"It is apparent from the correspondence referred to and quoted above beginning with the letter of August 5, 1935 from the Carnegie Corporation that the dispute between the British Museum and the University Museum was resolved upon payment through the British Museum by the Carnegie Corporation of the publisher's outstanding account. Therefore the matter may be considered closed.[the closing and signature are centered on the page]Very truly yours,Howard A. Reid[signature in script]Howard A. ReidAttorneyHAR:GS:
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[number 4 centered at top of page]sacred area, except for a few alterations, following the plans that tradition of many centuries had established.This sacred area at Ur, approximately a rectangle one-quarter mile long and one-eighth mile wide, was surrounded by a double wall of brick nearly forty feet thick, enclosing long intramural chambers, and was apparently pierced by six gateways, two on each of the long sides, and one at each end. Within the area, the Ziggurat occupied the northwest corner. Before it (on the northeast) was a great paved fore court. Engaged columns decorated the inner walls, from which on three sides opened series of small rooms, perhaps quarters for the many pilgrims to the holy city. On one side of the Ziggurat, by the northwest face, was the temple to the moon god, Nannar, chief divinity of Ur, and on the other side, to the southeast, that of his divine consort, Ningal, the moon goddess.In plan the temples were not unlike modern buildings of the east. Each had a great open court, from which opened a series of storerooms and chambers, and an inner shrine for the sacred statue of the divinity who was worshipped there. From various inscriptions were learned details of the decoration: that the walls were white-washed, altars and tables covered with bronze, silver or gold, the doors and jambs of precious wood, often covered with plates of gold or silver. Only the crumbling walls remained, however, to enable the architect to trace accurately the original plan and construction of the buildings.Beside the temple to the moon goddess was found the house of the high priestess, Bel-Shalti-Nannar, daughter of Nabonidus the last king of Babylon, and sister to the Belshazzar who, according to Bible story, became the first vegetarian. There she had elaborate:
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[number 5 centered at top of page]suites of roomsâkitchens, baths, and even a museumâcontaining fragments of a statue of King Dungi, who had ruled in Ur 1300 years before, ancient tablets and inscriptions, an ancient boundary stone, and a clay cylinder on which had been copied a text of 2250 B.C., with a label written below which stated \"copies of bricks of Ur, the work of Bur-Sin, King of Ur. Nabashumiddina the priest of Ur had singled them out and copied them for man's admiration.\" It is not improbable that the high priestess conducted a school in the temple precincts, and that these antiquities were her texts in the ancient history of the city.Nearby were two other great buildings, in which temple business evidently was transacted, for the temple complex of Babylonia was much like the medieval monastery. Here trains of asses, laden with grain, oil, wool, or hides, came bearing rents and taxes in kind, for coinage was unknown. So the temple became a bank, and a hoard of clay tablets inscribed in the ancient Babylonian cuneiform writing, found in one of the storerooms, provided examples of all sorts of business documentsâdeeds of sale, leases, contracts, balance-sheets, and even lists of employees of the temple, their duties, and the wages paid them in grain, oil and beer.The expedition also discovered the remains of private dwellings of the time of Abraham, each, like many modern Arab houses, being a series of small rooms, frequently with two s tories[sic] opening into a central court. What the people were like who inhabited this city in the days of Abraham, and 1500 years later in the days of Nebuchadnezzar, can be imagined from the bits of sculpture that were found, and from the hundreds of little terra-cotta figures buried with the dead in the cemetery. They disclose figures of gods:
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[number 6 at top of page]and goddesses and commonplace mortals, costumes and styles, and even include models of tables, chairs, beds, and boats, such as were in daily use.Thus, in its first five seasons at Ur, the expedition recovered a fairly complete history of the site from about 2500 B.C. down to the time of the last Babylonian kings, making it possible to reconstruct the life of the town in a detailed and vivid way.During its sixth and seventh seasons (from 1927 to 1929) the expedition made what was undoubtedly its most spectacular series of discoveries when five royal tombs, dated provisionally about 3500 B.C., were uncovered. Not only did these royal tombs rival that of Tutankhamen's tomb in magnificence, but they were even more important historically, in that they revealed an art and a civilization hitherto unknown.The royal persons were surrounded in death by their courtiers as they had been in life. Outside one tomb were found the bodies of no less than 75 persons, 68 of them women, adorned with crowns of gold and carnelian and lapis lazuli, necklaces, bracelets, rings, and huge crescent earrings of gold. Some must have been minstrels, for their harps of silver and wood inlaid with s tone[sic] and shell and adorned with exquisite animal heads of gold and lapis lazuli lay beside them.Others were soldiers, with helmets of bronze and weapons of silver and gold. One king, whose name, Meskalam-dug, was engraved on his golden cups and bowls, had a magnificent helmet of solid gold fashioned like a wig.The richest grave was that of Queen Shubad, whose name was learned from a lapis seal that lay by her shoulder. She was surrounded by boxes of cups and vases of alabaster and stone,:
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[number 7 at top of page]fluted tumblers of silver and of gold, cosmetic boxes of precious metal still containing the blue and black eye shadow she had used during life, and crowns, trinkets, necklaces of carnelian, lapis and gold in staggering abundance.Six soldiers in armour guarded her sleep, and that her spirit might travel comfortably in after life her chariot had been dragged to the door of the tomb, and the asses drawing it and the grooms leading them slaughtered there.The seventh season at Ur also was featured by the discovery of a bed of water-laid clay, eight feet thick, deposited below the level of the earliest purely Sumerian occupation and above the level containing remains of a very different civilization mixed with those of Sumerian type.This clay bed marked, if it did not cause, a break in the continuity of history. What is equally important, a silt deposit of such dimensions could only have been laid down by a flood of water much greater than any of the ordinary inundations which are of normal occurrence in lower Mesopotamia.During its eighth season (1929-30) the expedition succeeded in excavating to a level believed to date back to the early part of the fourth millenium before Christ, and here were uncovered ruins of houses almost as old as the pre-flood city, and the remains of an ingenious drainage system constructed during the First Dynasty of Ur, about 3100 B.C.The drains were made of short sections of clay pipe about half a yard in diameter and set one upon another in a circular shaft. Each clay ring was pierced to permit water to escape in the surrounding soil, and in order that the holes might not be blocked with earth the space between the pipes and the sides of the shaft was packed:
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[number two, enclosed in hash marks, at top of page](continued):CARNEGIE CORPORATION[the address for Carnegie is centered on the page]OF NEW YORK522 Fifth AvenueNew YorkOffice of the PresidentAugust 5, 1935 [date is centered on page]Mr. Horace H. F. Jayne, DirectorThe University MuseumUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaPERSONAL[this word is centered on the page and underlined]\"Dear Mr. Jayne:\"I have your letter of the 30th and hasten to reply that you need not worry a bit about the Ur publication negotiations in London. What happened was this:\"President Jessup, of the Carnegie Foundation, who is a member of our Board, and I were in London together in June, and we decided that the situation had reached a point where the best thing for the Corporation to do would be to dig further into its pocket in order that everybody should be satisfied, without attempting to sit in judgment between the two more or less cooperating agencies. We therefore agreed to take the risk of obligating the Board to add to its original grant the amount in dispute, and Jessup, who saw Sir George Hill, told him so. In other words, any funds that are to be paid for this purpose do not come out of your funds in Pennsylvania, but out of our Treasury.\"With best wishes,Sincerely Yours, s/F. P. Keppel\"[signature and line above are centered on the page]FPK/ahaAn examination of the University Museum's \"[no closing quote marks follow these]British Museum files produced further correspondence, excerpts from which are set forth below for the purpose of showing that the deficit was made up by the Carnegie Corporation by payment of the outstanding bill of the Oxford Press for publishing \"The Royal Cemetery\". Excerpt from letter September 6, 1935 from George Hill, Director British Museum, to Horace H. F. Jayne, Director University Museum:\"By same post as your letter referring to Mr. Jayne's letter dated August 29, 1935)[no opening parenthesis] I have received the draft from the Carnegie Corporation. It is a great relief to think that this problem is now satisfactorily settled.\":
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[numeral 2] BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON W.C.1magnitude of the demand.Weâmy wife & Iâstart on [two illegible words] the day after tomorrow: She has not yet really got over her attack of typhoid but if she can manage the journey will I hope be better out at Ur than here in London. Our architect, Gott, has already started, & the new general assistant, P. Murray-Thriepland, goes off tomorrow: we all meet in Baghdad on Dec. 14th.:
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[on left margin of page is an emblem, with these words: NATIONAL SCHEME FOR DISABLED MEN]DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES,BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.7-1-28Dear Legrain,Herewith the first batch of proofs of the Ur Texts, with our corrections on. The second half should follow shortly. If you have any important corrections would you be kind enough to let us have them back as soon as possible? They might then be in time for the final revise. Most of our corrections are due to the standardisation of small differences.I hope that you are in good health and will enjoy 1928 with the zest you seem always to have. My wife would certainly wish to join me in wishing you all good fortune. Kind regards to Miss McHugh.Yours faithfully,Sidney Smith [underlined]Please take notice of my blue pencil marks.:
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[Page 1; right side of page]Sept. 20 1932.Dear Mr. Jayne,The division of the objects found last winter at Ur is over, and I am sure you will like to hear about it. This year it was an easy task. After the Baghdad Museum had taken its share, what was left over, while it would look well enough in other digs, could not compare with the rich spoils from the royal cemetery.The two best objects in the University share are:1. An extraordinary large cylinder [Page 2; left side of page]Woolley is glad that his volumes of archaeology are on a fair way of achievement. I have begun a study of the seal and seal impressions from Ur preserved in the Br-Mu. and it will take some time before I can make out how much work is to be done. They are actually remodelling [sic] several rooms; which does not make easy access to the collections.The fine weather of July and August has turned decidedly into London fog and rain, and vacation over I am glad to have taken to my winter quarters. I saw nobody in Paris, but I will call some time before the end of the year. And I will see Hill tomorrow afternoon at the museum. I hear Glenville - the Egyptologist- is in the States on a Lecture tour.Please remember me to all at the Museum and believe in yours sincerely. L. Legrain:
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[page 1] Oct 14. 30 Dear Mr. JaneI arrived yesterday night Oct. 13. at London to make the division of the Ur finds, and heard to my great surprise and dismay this Tuesday morning that Dr. H.R. Hall had very suddenly died. The funerals take place Wednesday. A memorial service at St. Mary the Virgin Primrose Hill. Then the body will be cremated. I will assist to the first part of the service.Of course I am, and they are so upset at the Museum, that there is:
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[Page 1]2the only fragment of diorite head - We had some trouble while dividing the objects, which are actually on exhibition and will stay in the show cases for some times - We excepted from the division a few very important copper reliefs, for which we understand that a correspondence is still in progress between the two Museums and which should be reserved to your judgment.The while business was very satisfactory, Mr. Woolley, Hall, Smith and Gadd were all very friendly and I am satisfied to work with them. Thanks to Mr. Woolley, I had good quarters near[Page 1]Neuilly S./Seine3 rue de Chartres July 21.24Dear Dr. Gordon,I am just back from London where I spent about a week. The material from the last year campain [sic] at Ur and Tell el-Obeid has been fairly divided between the two Museums and I hope to your satisfaction. It was my luck to draw some good single pieces like the best panel [?] of six bulls in a copper frame, the small lime stone relief of the lion headed eagle on a bull and:
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[page 1]AcknowledgedWHITE HALL BLOOMSBURY SQUARE LONDON. W. C. 1July 19. 34Dear Mr. Jayne, The division is over and both parties are satisfied. The main portion of the finds were vases from the deep Jemdet Nasr level- stone vases and painted pottery of the red or three colour type. We got one good example of the last. Also lead cups - four of them - and one lead dish - One stone offering table shell lamps, and small stone lamps. There are the usual beads, few gold trinkets, some good seals, four of five terracottas, and some good stone weights inscribed 5 maneh, 1 maneh etc. I asked that the Museum get half of the \"refuse ' a mass of pots and fragments left outside of the division as uninteresting, but which you may find convenient for gifts all round. There a still a few good inscribed [page 4]me on the \"glacier de geants\" near Chamonix. So hoping for thebest. I hope you enjoy the Summer at the Museum, while everyone is away - Yours sincerely,L. Legrain:
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[page 1]Mona HouseSutton on Hull Oct. 19. 30Dear Mr. JaneI have to postpone my passage Westward another week. Instead of sailing on the Degreue [?] from Hare [?] on Oct. 22. I will sail on the LeFayette on Oct. 29.As I expected the divisions could not be finished last week. The sudden death of Dr. Hall upset all plans- and then they are really a little slow- First they asked me to come the third week because Dr. Hall was in Germany - and when, he died unexpectedly, they could not for sure work the Tuesday. We burried [sic] him the Wednesday- the Thursday we could work four hours - Friday again Mr. Gadd had something to do with Hall's secretary- the afternoon we worked one hour and half and same Saturday morning- no question of work in the afternoon, so I went north to Yorkshire to visit old friends of:
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[page 2- left side]bricks of a known type, but which are always a valuable asset for exchange or present.A small box of clay fragment with real inscription will be sent [?] to Phila. for study and if necessary to add to the major work done last year.The copper line give use the usual share of axes and egde, knife, needle- one good pin with bull head top - and cups.I had to cross on the 17 because the curators were free only this week - the Director Dr. Hill is away I hope to call again and will try to see him before sailing back. I suppose that the printing of cuneiform texts from Ur- apart from archaeology- will be a task incumbent to the two museums, without any Carnegie contributions.I expect to see Woolley before the 22nd. But he has moved to the country[page 1- right side]at Leckford some 50 m. outside London. So I have to make an appointment.S. Smith and C.J. Gadd are both well and helped gracefully through the business I got a few minutes with Mallowan who expect to start a little dig of his own in the country round Mossul [sic].I saw the No. I, 1 [?] of Iraq- the Miss Bell memorial magazine- Do we subscribe to it. We ought too. They start with valuable material. I like to see it by the side of Syria the French publication.The weather is dry, hot, and lovely according to me, but unusual in this country and the \"natives\" seem to resent it. As soon as I am free I will leave London by road and see a bit of the land up to Scotland, Wales and Cornwall.No news or fear of the war but the feeling of security was just the same in July 1914, as the war caught:
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[page 2- on left side]of massive copper, with an inscription of Nur- Adad [?], one of the Larsa king [sic]. In fact it is the better example out of three. Baghdad has the two others. The inscription is known. The fourth, scarcely legible, but perhaps bearing another text, has fallen to the Br. Mu. part.2.- A curious gaming board in soft diorite where pins were moved from hole to hole. The rest is the usual mixture of cylinder seals, terracotta figure bears, and a few jewels, weights and clay objects, very few pots [?], practically no copper, and no pottery. The catalogue will not be burdened [?] and the registrar will have some rest.I found here Miss M. L. Baker very busy with her water colours and doing well. I spent sometime at the Thackeray Hotel where she has settled, but I have[page 3- on right side]moved lately to the \"White Hall\" [appears underlined] for comfort. But we meet at the Museum.I inquired again about the Ur field catalogues [sic] of 1929-19301930-1931and I was rold that 1929-1930 had been [appears underlined] sent to Philadelphia after April 1931.- Would you please let me know if this is a fact.1930-1931 is still here and will be sent with our share of antiquities before the end of the year. Probably with it, they will send the catalogue [sic] of the last (and 10th) campaign- 1931-1932, which is getting printed.I was friendly-received by Sydney Smith and Gadd, and I do enjoy their society. Woolley is here also, and has taken his quarters at Gray's Inn, while Mrs. W. is recovering in the country. She had a serious illness, the typhoid fever:
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[page 2]
no questions of division, at least before Thursday -Gadd left alone, and not being \"keeper\" of the department, felt uneasy about the responsability [sic] of the division. We both called on the Secretary who is acting Director while Sir Frederic Kenyon is travelling in U.S. - He advised us to go ahead with the division, and promised to back Gadd in the improbable case, when the Trustees would raise an objection.
We both surveyed the objects still exhibited- apart the objects already reserved to Baghdad, the collection on show has two important metal pieces- one gold dagger and gold objects forming on tomb group, and one well-preserved and engraved silver plate, from a later Persian:
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[Page 2] When on shore in Beyrouth I had the pleasure to find M. Woolley at the Continental. He at once proposed, and I accepted a short side trip to Aleppo while waiting for Mr. Limel due here about the 21st. This of course is a private venture which had nothing to do with the Ur Expedition and the Museum expenses. It proved most agreeable as Mr. W. is a very experienced erudite and charming guide and companion. you have already probably been[Page 3] advised of what he tried to do and buy for the Museum. I only wish you had been here to enjoy our daily visits to the bazaars and the old Arab residences of Aleppo, a real dream of Aladdin and the mysterious lamp - and such a good taste of decoration! But you must be a Jew or an Armenian and Mr. W. in person to be bargaining in that awful fashion usual in the country. I am too honest to do any useful work here. We went back to Beyrouth:
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[Page 2]2he has an exhibitiona)- a hollow bronze Cupid of the Greco Egyptian period. Arms missing except a piece of the left- fine head. Eyes in gold inlaid- no cleaning attempted, but the metal looks sound. Height 0,50 cent. m- time of Cleopatra? Perhaps originating from Denderah.b)- A basalt bust of a Queen (?) - Saitic Period Headdress: the vulture or hawks wings covering the whole head. The wig has large waves behind that are rather unusual. My sketch is from memory. The price about $(or [British pound symbol]!) 3500. Actual height about 35/40 cent m.[drawing appears on side of page][Page 3]at Bing rue St. Georges Mr. Nahman has on exhibition outside a statue of Ramses II, that you saw in Egypt, a small collection of limestone reliefs and heads very likely originating from Dr. Fisher's Excavation in Memphis and stolen probably by workmen; this is [word crossed out] a personal impression. There are severed heads or portraits, animal heads, an unusual hippopotamus goddess holding one breast.At Feuardent, 4 rue de Louvois - near Bibliotheque Nationale- I saw a remarkable diorite head from Tello- a duplicate of the famous Gudea head with turban lately acquired in a[drawing appears at bottom of page]:
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[page 2]from Cherbourg, on S.S. Orca, for New York on June 6th. But I shall know better in a couple of days. -In reply to your second letter of May 5th I called on Mr. R. Haase, 10 rue St. Georges, yesterday May 16th. I saw the head and the statue both originating from [?Tello?[ and dating of about BC 2200 - 2300. The statute is of the \"stumpy sort, head missing- standing figure with clasped hands- some damaged by fire. Probably no beard, hair hanging on the back. Fringed shawl passing over left shoulder. Inscriptions on the back. \"To the god min-dar, for the life of[?Ibi-Lin?] king of Ur, offered by [?Ur-Migrise?] the priest -\"- chips broken off the hands, the left foot and some parts of the surface- Interesting but not very beautiful\" The head- black diorite- Classical type of Gudea, with Wollen cap. No beard, no hair - nose preserved- chip gone of the chin- Small size. You can hold it in your two hands. It is a duplicate- much smaller- of the large, diorite head I saw last year at Mr [? Feuardent Freies?] 4 rue Louvis Paris. This last, I understand is still for sale- There is moreover a complete statue of Gudea, from Tello- same find- with a large inscription, for sale at [?Gejou?], but at an enormous price of [?pound symbol?] 25.000. I have not seen it- I will go and have a look before sailing Westword-Respectfully and Sincerely Yours L. Legrain:
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[page 2]of it, & Mallowan has proved himselfa really valuable assistant. I am notyet sure how far this may modifymy programme, but I shall probablyhave to cut down somewhat thenumber of workmen. I greatly regretthis, but we must keep up propersupervision -& of course it is toolate to get in anyone to help menow.We have reached Berlin on ourjourney out. As I told you, we have[page 3]paid a visit to Stockholm where I hadbeen invited by the Crown Prince of Swedento lecture;: it was a very pleasant visit,thanks largely to H.R.H who both lookedafter us himself & deputed others to helpus to see everything that could be seen inthe time;; & I had good audiences ofmost enthusiastic people at both the lectures I gave. I had been asked tolecture here too but could not arrange asuitable date;: we leave tomorrow forConstantinople & Aleppo, travelling straightthrough without a stop, which will be atiring journey, but time presses.:
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[page 2]the war, and I will be back Tuesday to finish the division.Baghdad has kept the two best pre [?] blood clay figures. We have two and fragments- we have a fair share of painted and stone vases- The big objects were three: Gold dagger again and gold ornaments kept by London - we have a perfect Persian silver bowl - a heavy copper foundation statuette and stone inscription. I had some trouble to get both- but it is all right now.And I nearly forgot a beaker full of the real mud of the flood depront [?] cuel [?] two complete skeletons.The next are small objects- Trusting that you will enjoy such good news, I feel that my lune [?] has not been lost, even if I nearly lost my temper- but what is the use. My best regards to friends and collegues [sic] all round.Sincerely yours,L. Legrain:
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[Page 3] Woolley's lecture in Bagdad was fixed on Friday, 26th after which he proposed to visit [?Kamikin?] in company of Mrs. K. K. and to go to Aleppo [?Der es Zor?] on his yearly visit. He will not be back in London before the 20th of April. I propose to be there at the same time. His account in bank being rather low he could give me a letter of credit only for £ 80 and propose to give me another one in London. But I have credit enough from the Museum not to trouble about it. We found Prof. Langdon sick with Jaundice in Bagdad. McKay alone will do the division with Miss G. Bell- Kish this year has given poor results, painted pottery and 175 very old tablets - Langdon talks of leaving Kish for a new dig at [?Lankereh?] (Larsa). He has[Final page] a hard time to find money in England. Prof. R.P. Dougherty who succeeds Clay in Yale - is the annual Prof. of the Amer. School in Bagdad. I heard that with the support of the Yale University e wants to undertake the excavation of Warka (-Erech) the largest ruin in the South. I met him at the American Consul in Bagdad and we drank to his success. Woolley, when I left, was going on a visit to Hillah, Babylon and Kish and was ready to look over all the property left, by the Niffar Expedition in Hillah and to select whatever is good for Ur- In any case that will be a closed case.I am quite satisfied of this year's work and look forward with pleasure for a safe return in the Museum where I understand you prepare a wonderful chow in the New Wing - with friendly regards to all around you. Yours sincerely,L. Legrain:
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[Page 3]3Marble arch. London is awfully crowded - over 700,000 visitors - and expensive just now. Woolley had to call on 17 hotels before he could make reservation.I paid my due respects to the Director of the British Museum Sir Fred Kenyon. He was very gracious and satisfied with the result of the Ur Expedition. I actually witnessed the keen interest excited by the new exhibit. I sincerly [sic] wish we had the same opportunity of show and dispay of plans and coloured reconstructions.Do you not think that a plaster cast of the most important[Page 4]objects left in Bagdad [sic] and London would be most desirable: like the statue of king Entemena and the milking scene, and the copper blade with the gold and lapis handle: I understand that the British Museum is ready to make any cast so long we pay the work.Mr. Woolley wants any member of the expedition to join him in Bagdad [sic] on the 25th of October- The prices of a trip London-Bagdad [sic] over Marseilles Beyrout [sic]- at Cook & Sons - are [British Pound Symbol] 70 or 74 - I have some informations about the necessary kit[?] and prospective troubles-I sail back from Havre July 26th on the \"Suffren\"Yours most sincerelyL. Legrain:
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[page 3]letter of July 23, 1924 instructing me to call on Mr Woolley and on Sir Frederic Kenyon. It did not reach me in time in Paris and was not sent back to Phila anyhow the proposed division is over now. On board S.S Lotus, I found two letters forwaded by Miss J. McHugh, for which she will please, accept my thanks. She has very wisely answered to Mr Woolley. So far I do remember my conversation with Mr Woolley in London, it was agreed that we should meet in Bagdad Oct. 25th. He gave me the addresses of two hôtels, and some welcome indications how to get there TH Cook and sons and the \"Naim Cy?\" I had the impression that he prefered that we should travel independently, and I have no objection to such a scheme. Maybe I should have confirmed my intention. But you know that the decision came within a short time before sailing - I keep a due account of my - not personal - expensesYours sincerlyL. LegrainWill you please give my best regards to everyone in the museum. I certainly miss them.:
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[Page 3]Sin balatsuiqbi, a governor of Ur, at the time of Ashurbanipal about BC 702. On a shelf there is a line up of 8 clay cones with a long inscription of Warad-Sin a son of the king of Susa, who ruled the place and repaired it, and had his clay cones laid at regular intervals between layers of mud bricks, a jolly good idea to identify a building and perpetrate the name of the builder. I am surprised that you did not think of it while building an extension of the museum. Next come the broken statue of a decent old Semite. It is only a mangled trunk, with no head and only one arm. But on that arm instead of a statue he had his name inscribed [?Da-da ilum?] [c/o] of Sin. He keeps his hands clasped as becomes a good servant. he may have lived about BC 2000. Another remarkable piece, is the copper pole shoe, of a door found in position on the door socket. Both pieces are inscribed to the name of the same king Ur Engur builder of the Ziggurat. Stone reliefs with sculptures, one [?illegible?][Page 4]With all sort of figures and emblems, one colossal mace head- and all sort of inscribed bricks, and cones, not to forget, beads, terra cotta figurines, and vases from a respectable beginning of the season. For the last three weeks I never stopped copying. I begin to get used to the country - many visitors. Dr. Chiera has been here three weeks and always the same sweet visitor you know already for years in the museum. He seems at least to enjoy the place. We had one or two Sundays off to Nasriah the next city (?) across the Euphrates, and to an Arab picnic, in a palm garden on the bank of the river. We had to get across Willow's hedge to reach the water and sea Arabs [?feluga?], sailing up stream at a good pace. At a distance could be heard the creaking noise of the [?nooria?], or the plaintive Arab melody, with beating of the drums- we had only 12 courses. Well, the worst is still to come, and I will be glad to see old Philadelphia again. C.L.W. is clamoring for an answer and for cash. My best regards to you all. Your devoted L. LegrainP.S. I received a very indignant letter and three pamphlets from Dr. H R Hall of the Br. M I will acknowledge in time:
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[Page 3]this year is my own experience and a working knowledge of Arabic. Besides you know how much diplomacy and side questions are here vital next to any scientifical researches. Mr Cooke of the [?awful?] ministery, on Miss GB recommendation was kind enough to take me around on a most interesting visit to the [?Khasimin?] mosque, and to one opium den, and to a real Arab dinner with 12 courses, that nearly killed me, and to a passage in a [?goufflar?] in most antique manner across the Tigris to visit the new University, a beautiful piece of architecture in a palm grove worth of Old Baghdad - we even had tea in a garden. L.C.W. the best and most refined archaeologist as you know, kindly introduced me to Col. [?Tench?] the director of the Baghdad Basra line: one Scotch among so many who rule the place, and a perfect gentleman. He is a great help to our[Page 4]Expedition. Ur junction a lovely spot in the desert! A delegation of Arabs and servants awaited and received us solemnly. At 6 at night we marched toward the Ziggurat of Ur- across the sand and took possession of the camp. The sky was of a clear deep blue. The crescent New Moon and the evening star were in conjunction. What better omina could one wish for. The next morning the tribe came down and the bargaining for labor began in a fair way. Since, work has been very active and the dust is flying around the old Ziggurat attacked on the N.W. flank. Bricks and cones of Ur-Engur, [?Kurigalzu?], Nabonidus are brought in my \"office\", where reed mar, mud plaster, and ancient tiles are conspicuous. I [?seat?] on an empty box, and I am practically eaten up by sand flies and mosquitoes - everybody sleeps in the open court to escape the pest and enjoy the fresh air. We hope for the most startling discoveries. Meanwhile I suscribe yours most devoted L. Legrain:
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[page two of letter]over a good many--seven trays--Ur tablets of the same time and content, as the ones I have in Philadelphia. With the result that they will be packed and sent to our Museum for the convenience of the work--and besides there is a box of Ur tablets, from the last winter, which will be sent unpacked to the Museum, for the same purpose. Plenty of work ahead.I will be in Paris before the 20th, I hope, and will call on Scheil and Thureau Dangin. They wish for contribution to Rev. dAssyrio-logie [??not sure of spelling], and I will probably suggest the reconstructed Ur stela at the Museum.[page three of letter]I had a no[abbreviation for number] of the Gazette des Beaux Arts addressed to you: \"on the \"Archaic Sumerian art\" which is evidently the last word on Ur and the bottom of the land.I booked my passage on the \"Rochambeau\" on Dec. 28th. She is a steady old boat, but slow and takes the Southern trail--Will reach New York, I think, Jan. 7. --Anyhow I am saving a little money.Please give my regards to all at the Museum. Merry Xmas and happy New Year.Yours sincerely,L. Legrain:
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[paragraph is bracketed at left with 16 written next to it]Cylinder seals in white shell, steatite, lapis lazuli and rock crystal occur fairly frequently; amongst them are some particularly fine specimens, including two of crystal with copper caps wherein the hole through the centre has been filled up with white and scarlet paste to form a series of chevron patterns visible through the crystal walls. Generally the style of the cylinders is what would be called Sargonid or pre-Sargonid, but would be surprising if the tombs are really as early as the Farah analogies suggest.[number 16 in circle]:
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[partial name at top of telegram is E. Isaac]ESPORTAZIONETelegrammi: DAYSAC-MilanoTelefono 89-414Milano 23rd January I932Via Vincenzo Monti, 15Babylonian Museum ofThe University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Penn. U.S.A. [underlined]Oriental Deprt. [in red ink, underlined][the remainder is in blue ink]Dear Sirs,I am taking the liberty of enclosing, herewith,a photograph of an ancient gold medal found in the diggings at Ur (Iraq).I have been told that you may be interested in purchasing the same, and shall be glad to hear from you in this respect.For your information the medal is pure gold, weight of gold only I00 grs., the top part with the hook is a kind of onyx, the medal being a kind of pendant, the onyx part alone weighs 20 grs. Dimension about 3\" x 4\".Awaiting to hear from you,I beg to remain, dear Sirs,Yours faithfully,A.E. Isaac [handwritten signature crosses stamped signature]Enclosed: I Photo.:
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[pencil marks, or letters]UR OF THE CHALDEES.January 1, 1926.The work of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania has been during the past month more than usually varied: the buildings and the objects with which it has had to deal cover a period ranging from the city's last days under the Persian regime, that is, from the fifth century B. C., back to a prehistoric age too remote for any to be assigned to it.the \"E-Harsag site, where we had hoped to lay bare the palace of King Dungi, proved in this respect disappointing, for though we duly found the remains of a building by that king, a shrine which may well have been part of the palace, the greater part of the latter lay outside the limits which had been laid down for the season's work, and what did come within our sphere was so ruined that even its ground-plan could not be completely recovered: it yielded fine objects, some of which I have described in a previous article, and this month a curious discovery was made; under the shrine, immediately below the paving bricks, there came to light five hollow clay cylinders, about eleven inches high, inscribed with the name and title Dungi They were empty of all but infiltered soil, but may well have contained food-stuffs such as would have perished leaving no trace of themselves, and if so we have here evidence of foundation-ceremony no unlike that practiced in Egypt at a much later date; the cylinders themselves are perhaps a degradation of the great hollow clay prisms covered with inscriptions that were found by French excavators at Tello beneath the floors of the earlier ruler Gudea.This discovery was made when we were pulling up the floor in order to follow an earlier wall buried beneath it. Where buildings of 2000years and more have little interest in themselves we had an opportunity of penetrating at small cost to the older strata underneath. So between the existing xxx walls we dug down at every level came upon fresh signs of occupation. Two or three feet only below the Dungi levelthere were rooms with walls of plano-convex mud bricks,--and small pudding-like bricks rounded on the top - and floors of fine red clay or burnt-brick pavements;these rooms which we could date both by the character of the building and by the objects found in them, amongst these a little white shell carving of a seated bull, an admirable example of early art, to the First Dynasty of Ur, some 3300 B. C. But twenty feet and more below them there were still walls, and these belonging to a time when the use of shaped bricks, even of crude clay, was the exception rather than the rule and men just brought basket-fulls of fairly firm and dry clay rammed them together with softer mud mortar into a kind of terre pisee which we found difficult to distinguish form the surrounding earth. We traced out the limits of the prehistoric terrace so constructed whereon the later kings of the Third Dynasty had built, raising its level by filling in with mud and debris the spaces between the old walls:and then we stopped work. Our general programme is to excavate the whole Temenos down to the level of the Third Dynasty before clearing deeper, and this excursion into prehistoric times had been of the nature of an experiment: to do more would have necessitated the removal of all the upper buildings, for already our pits and trenches were dangerously deep, and this would have meant devoting the whole season to a period outside our immediate scope. and The men were therefore moved on to a large area within Temenos, lying between E-Harsag and the Ziggurat, and the middle of the month saw a new piece of work begun.On the very surface we found scanty traces of a building of the Persian times, too ruined to present much interest, and below this came a large mud-brick building the south-east end of which at least was well preserved, dating from the seventh:
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[Postmark in upper right corner reads RICHMOND SURREY 21 JUN 1939]be of the Turtle-Whistle type--the whistle aperture having been plugged with asphalt or some such substance, as is generally used for the purpose.I am interested to hear that the Sumerian Hymn is being played in America with a specially constructed Harp (2AKKAL)[note that there are diacritical marks under the AKKAL] for accompaniment.With kind remembrancesYours[or very?] gratefullyFrancis W. GalpinPlease enclose cost of photographs as I will remit.:
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[Printed seal - National Scheme for Disabled Men]British Museum,London.22nd Sept.1924.My dear Gordon,I have to acknowledge the receipt of your draft of Brown Brothers & Co. of the amount of £750 sterling, which I have paid in to the Eastern Bank, to the credit of the Mesopotamian Expedition Fund. An equal amount has been paid in by the Trustees of the British Museum.I have also forwarded to the Bank the two specimen's of Dr.Legrain's signature enclosed with your letter of Sept.9th, with instructions that he is empowered to draw on the Fund's account in case of the absence or disability of Mr.Woolley.:
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[printed Western Union Cablegram header] {handwritten X in \"Half rate deferred\" Class of service] Dec 18/24WOOLLEYEASTERN BANKBASRA MESOPOTAMIAINTERESTED IN STATUES ADVISE FOLLOWUP IMMEDIATELY AND REPORTGORDONPaid charge University Museum:
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[printed Western Union header]August 4, 1924KENYONBRITISH MUSEUMLONDONPREPARED CONTINUE WORK UR STOP CONSIDERING WE HAVE PAID TWO THIRDS COST DURING TWO SEASONS WE FEEL IT WOULD BE FAIR THAT EACH MUSEUM PAY HALF COST OF NEW EXPEDITION STOP LETTER FOLLOWS AQUITANIAGORDON:
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[printed Western Union header]SEPTEMBER 4, 1924KENYONBRITISH MUSEUMLONDON[the following alternates handwritten lines above the cablegram lines as if translating]We will meet conditions as per your letter of Aug. 12 up to £1500MANDILES CHIOSERAI AFGESTUIT UP TO £1500 We will remit half about ends of September Legrain sailing Sept 17REAVERTIR HALF SEEUBEUTEL LEGRAIN SAILING SEEIGELGORDON:
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[Printer Cablegram header]7P AN 830AM 23 VIA HXLONDON JULY 29 1924GORDON UNIVERSITYMUSEUM PHILAWOOLLEY ESTIMATES FOUR THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY POUNDSFOR SEASONS WORK ON SAME SCALE AS LAST YEAR KENYON[printed Cablegram footer]:
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[right side of page]Mon fils Ibrahim vousenvoie les [?sierines?], tresrespectueuses, [?amis?] quetous vos amis.O mon frere, si vousdesirez savoir des nouvellestouchant les excavationsde cette annee, je vousdirai que vous avonsentrepris de creuser endehors de l'enceinte, maisque notre travail n'a pas etecouronne de succes. Ensuitenous avon fait desexcavations en deca del'enceinte, aux cotes de[left side of page]l'eglise Hote (?) et nous en avons retire bien des choses: des jarres d'or et d'albatre, des urnes bleus(?) de l'interieurs des tombes, beaucoup de balles choses enfin.Portez-vous bien le Dieu Tres Haut vous garde.Votre serviteurHamoud Ebn El Sheik IbrahimLe 11 Decembre 1926P.S. Les tombes....mon oeil.....et....voudrait avais ce qu'on a retire des excavations:
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[seal in upper left corner, probably for Museum]BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.1August 11. 1933Tel: Museum 3070Dear Jayne,I have just seen Legraine and from him I have found out that there are one or two details which I yet have to obtain from Philadelphia, and as he is over here and as time presses so that I do not want to wait for his return I am writing to bother you to provide me with the necessary material.There is a cooper bowl which bears an inscription; I have no copy of this. The bowl was photographed in the Museum before and after cleaning, so you may be able to lay hand on the print without further trouble; but if not, Legrain says that Miss Cross will have no difficulty in identifying the bowl amongst the Ur bronzes and then a photograph shewing[sic] the inscribed face could be made.Secondly, some silver, after being cleaned in the Museum, proved to be the tubes of a double flute; this is most important, and I did not know about it. The tubes are exhibited in a case of which I send the whereabouts on the accompanying plan; could Miss Cross look them out and let me have the following measurements, viz., total lengths (of all the fragments together), diameter of tube, distance of holes (a) from each other, (b) if possible, from the ends of the tubes, and diameter of holes. I do not imagine [word xxxed out] that a hpotograph[sic] would be very illuminating, but if it seems to:
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[Seal of British Museum in upper left corner]BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.ITel: Museum 3070eum, namely those reproduced in the Museum Journal for Sept.-Dec. 1929, P.1, xiv, xv b, xvi a and b, xvii b; also the photograph of the shell engravings of \"comic\" animals (cf. Museum Journal Sept. 1928, but this was taken before the final cleaning, and I need the later negative) and, if possible, the blocks for the colour print which forms the frontispiece of the same number of the Journal (Sept. 1928).I have received a letter from Legrain about the cylinder seals and am replying to it as quickly as I can.You will be pleased to hear that in the division we got the big fragment of the Ur-Engur relief, which will therefore come to you; apart from that we did quite well. The journey back was not so quick and easy as we had hoped; we flew from Baghdad to Damascus and ran into a bad storm, so missed our boat at Beyrouth and were obliged to wait about for another, - and then had bad weather at sea! my wife was a good deal knocked up by it.Shall we see you over here this summer?Our best regards to yourself and your wife,Yours sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley [handwritten, with swoosh]:
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[Seal of the British Museum, upper left]BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.ITel: Museum 3070March 31. 1933.Dear Jayne,I enclose my statement of accounts for February. The only item that calls for comment is that for doctor's fees and charges; in the early part of the month Murray-Thriepland had an attack of amoebic dysentery and I had to call in the German doctor from Nasiriyah who gave him a series of injections; his fees and the cost of getting him over ten or eleven times were an unexpected and unwelcome addition to my budget, but could not be helped. I am glad to say that the treatment worked well and resulted in a cure, though Murray-Thriepland did have a rotten time while it lasted.Now we are back here and well at work on the publication. In this connection there are a few things that I would ask of you.1). In the autumn I gave Legrain a list of all the catalogue numbers which are appearing in the volume and asked him to have set [word x-ed out] against those objects which have been allotted to the University Museum the letter P and the Museum catalogue number; I hope that this has been done and that the list can be returned to me at the earliest opportunity, as the catalogue is already in proof and needs that addition to make it complete.2). Could you let me have either very good prints, or, better, the original negatives of certain photographs made in the University Mus-:
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[Seal of the National Scheme for Disabled Men]BRITISH MUSEUM London : W.C.1.Dec. 19th 1930.Dear Mr. Jayne,I enclose further communications for the Press from Woolley, which I propose to release for publication her on Jan. 6th.yours sincerelyF.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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[Seal of the National Scheme for Disabled Men]BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.1 January 1924.My dear Gordon,You will, I hope, have received before this Woolley's report dated Nov. 30th. I now forward to you the articles which he has prepared for the press. I am sending the longer one and the photographs to the Times, and the shorter one to the press generally. In order that publication may be simultaneous in America and England, I propose to let our papers have it in time for publication on Jan.19th, which will give you plenty of time to make your arrangements for publication in America. I fancy your papers have more space for matter of this kind on Saturdays, and our papers can publish it on the Saturday or Monday, whichever they prefer.We certainly seem to have struck oil at Tell Obeid, and there should be ample museum objects for Bagdad, Philadelphia and London, besides the satisfaction of a really important contribution to science./Best:
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[Seal of the National Scheme for Disabled Men]BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON.21st January, 1924.Dear President Harrison,I have to-day received your letter of Jan. 8th, containing copy of your letter of December 6th.My answer to your letter of December 6th, acknowledging receipt of your draft of £1405 for the Mesopotamian Expedition Fund, and reporting the payment by this Museum to the same Fund of the sum of £487.10.0 (which, with the £215 paid to Mr. Gadd as his salary, completes the payments due from this museum) was despatched to you on Dec. 22nd, and therefore should have reached you before Jan. 8th. I have however noticed lately that letters between England and America have more than once been very slow in transit.I trust that you have duly received it before now.Yours faithfullyF.G. Kenyon [signature]:
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[Seal of the \"National Scheme for Disabled Men]BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.4.[n?]:24.Dear Dr. Gordon,I have despatched to you by the S.S. Berengaria, which sailed on May 24th, the cast of the statue of Entemena from Ur, and I suppose you will be receiving it at Philadelphia about now.It was sent through the American Express Co, freight charges to be collected from you.I think we shall have a very interesting exhibition this year also; the objects:
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[Seal on upper left, probably of British Museum]BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON, W.C.1.Telephone: Museum 3070May 11. 1935Dear Legrain,Thanks for your letter & enclosures; I'm sorry to hear that you've been laid up in hospital & hope that that was long since a thing of the past & that you are about again and quite fit. I am stopping down in Hampshire again where you visited me last year, fishing in the Test & working while my wife is in China. Im[sic] busy at present on the Larsa volume, but hope before long to get down to the Ziggurat volume, & that is where you can help me. I know that you have been putting in order the records of [??undecipherable word] expeditions sent:
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[Seal, probably British Museum, in upper left]BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.1.Tel: Museum 3070March 14. 1935Dear Legrain,I am still puzzled about one object which should appear in my \"Archaic Periods\" volume but is not to be found.It is a fragment of limestone inlay[description underlined in red] for a [?piazza?] in the al 'Ubaid style[underlined in red], & shews[sic] the upper part of the figure of a man[description underlined in red] holding a [can't read the next word which is underlined in red] (?): it was found at the end of the season 1927-8, after the division with Baghdad, & was brought to London & exhibited: I believe it was given a catalogue number something like U.11232[U.11232, underlined in red]: then, for division, it was [??recorded?] amongst the next season's material & was re-numbered U.11400[U.11400 underlined in red]. There is no trace of it: it is not in this Museum & Baghdad does not acknowledge it: is it by any chance:
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[Seal, probably for British Museum, in upper left corner]BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.1.Tel: Museum 3070March 26. 1934Dear Legrain,The antiquities of this season won't reach London for some time yetâprobably about six weeksâ& until they are here I cannot of course do anything: but as soon as they arrive I'll send the whole lot on to you. We did not find a great many, & the small collection contains many duplicates, probably duplicates of those from former seasons, so that, I imagine, they will make very little difference to your classification. Anyhow, you shall have them as soon as may be.I'm glad you like the Cemetery volumes. I am just starting with the next volume, which will:
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[Seal, probably for British Museum, in upper left corner]BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON: W.C.1.Feb. [??21? 22? 27?]. 35Dear Legrain,Very many thanks for the information on the two [??sheets?].I'm very pleased too to hear about the progress with the tablet volume. When it's done, you'll send it over here, won't you? even although there will be some delay in publication. The 'lapidarium' sounds interesting: it is one of those subjects which I haven't had & shan't have time to tackle & it's a good thing that you can get on to it. I'll look out for the R. A. [??entries?] but please send me a copy when it appears.YoursC Leonard Woolley:
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[seal, probably for Museum, in upper left corner]BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.1November 15. 1933Tel: Museum 3070Dear Legrain,I'm very pleased to hear of the progress made with the seal impressions. I agree that the method you suggest of duplicate numbers for photographs of originals & reconstructed drawings is quite the best. As to the impressions found last Winter, I went, as soon as I got your letter, to see what had happened. Well, the box had been set aside for despatch in Philadelphia but in the general confusion into which the Department is plunged it had been overlooked & was still in its place in the basement. Now it will be sent off at once, & I apologize for the delay. All are here as Baghdad takes its selection after publication.:
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[second page of letter]in charge the next morning. And of course Saturday is almost out of question. The weekend is a British institution.Anyhow they are very graceful to me, and work is progressing very satisfactorily. I first took in hand all the seal impressions on the fragments of clay jar stoppers. Fortunately the share of the Baghdad Museum is still here, and I was able to study and copy every piece before it will be returned. I made over 635 hand drawings, and after classifying them, there is nearly two hundred that have been selected for photographic reproduction. I include in it, the British Museums own collection, and having surveyed our share in the University Museum, I am satisfied that for that part of the work, I am up to the mark.I have started the second part of the work, which is a survey of all the[third page of letter]stone seals of Ur actually in the British Museum. --Baghdad share is unfortunately in Baghdad--Some have a plaster impression along with the stone, and some have none. So I am using plasticine and make my own impression, to be able to read them as I work along. But it is a slower process.When that will be over, I still intend to [??supervise??] the terra cottas of Ur in the Br. Mu. collections. But I need not tarry beyond taking notes and measures, while a good photograph will do justice to the best examples and I can dispense with hand drawings.--Here too the Baghdad lot is out of reach.At night I keep working on the Ur business texts, which are entrusted to University Museum, but of the 2000 which I have sorted as best, registered and classified, I have copied already one third. I brought these copies with me to show to Gadd and Smith, and they were very much interested with the first part which concerns the ritual offerings:
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[second page]will probably acknoledge his genuine paternity in the Tell El-Obeid \"discovery\".Dr. Ch. has left us after six weeks. Our party is reduced to three, and we feel almost lonely. A sound government always like opposition. I did. The third dynasty of Ur, the Larsa Kings, old man Kurigalzu, the strange ruler with the strange name; Sin balatsu iqbi, and the familiar Nabucho, and Nabonidus have now no secrets for me. I recognize their bricks at a glance even without looking at the text. And all the Arab diggers shout with joy the venerable names of Ur Engur and Ishme Dagan. They are full of contempt for such a recent fellow as Nabonidus, too well known and who moreover brings them no backshish.Despite all the trails of a new field, in a new land, in a difficult mixed expedition, I am rather glad of that new experience under the guidance[Third page]of a most expert differ. I am conscient to have done my best to help him. And you will probably detect some traces of that collaboration - I understand that owing to the money running short, the work will probably stop at the end of January. In that case, I will probably take the long way coming home, and if possible visit Susa, Babylon, Kish and Karkemish before sailing for the new country. I will likely spend a week or more in England and talk the new season over with the Curators of the British Museum, and show them any copy of the new inscriptions.This letter will not reach you before the end of January or even later. It is nearly impossible to receive your answer. But in case you decide to send my any instructions, I will call at the American consul in Baghdad and Beyrouth on my way. You have:
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[see. ph. 189 idea]
TC. Fig. Fem. w. elaborat_y dress_d hair & Flounc_d robe.
[Field no 3015 on ph 421 is a miniature stool.]:
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[some kind of seal, not the British Museum, in upper left]BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON, W.C.1June 20. 1932Dear JayneIn writing my last letter I quite forgot one point.We found last season a fair number of inscribed clay tablets all of which have been brought away for study, subject to the subsequent claim [?for?] 50% by the [?Iraq gov't?]. Amongst them is a hoard of IIIrd Dynasty tablets found under a lot of bricks which had been stacked [?there?] for use in the building of [?Dunji's?] tomb & never actually employed. The tablets are not here. By the arrangement made in theory & more or less carried out in practice, Legrain is working at the IIIrd Dynasty material, and over here there is no one whom:
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[some kind of seal, probably for the Museum, in upper left corner]BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, W.C.1July 13. 1933.Tel: Museum 3070Dear Legrain,Your MS has gone in to the Press together with mostof[sic] your plates, but those which were incomplete have of course been held back pending the insertion of the missing photos; I am hoping to receive some of those from you shortly.I wrote some time ago to Jayne asking for the list of catalogue numbers of objects published in this volume against which were to be set the Museum registration numbers. He has not sent it and it occurs to me that as this is presumably rather in your department I had best apply to you; of course I need it quickly as the final printing of the catalogue is prevented by my not having the Pholadelphia[sic] references. The actual list of numbers to which the registration numbers should be added I gave to you in London last autumn.Miss Baker's eye trouble is very sad on all counts, and incidentally it is upsetting some of my arrangements and I must use photos where I had hoped for coloured plates. Could you send me as soon as may be a good print of the photo reproduced in the Museum Journal[title underscored] Sept.-Dec. 1929, Plate V? Also would you give Jayne a reminder? I had asked him for certain photos and for the blocks for printing the coloured plate of the blue-bearded bull's head which appeared in the September 1928 number of the Journal[title underscored]; he said that both were being sent,:
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[something handwritten about the London News in the top left corner]URJANUARY 1. 1931.The discovery of the burial-place of the great kings of the Third Dynasty of Ur has already been reported in the Times: the work of excavation, hampered by the need to strengthen the vaults with timbering, is still incomplete, but enough progress has been made to justify a description of the whole building.The most important part is the central structure erected by king Dungi, circ. 2250 B.C.; its plan is that of a private house with central courtyard and rooms opening off it; the entrance is on the north-east, the tombs lie along the north-west and south-west sides; the walls, of burnt brick and bitumen, are enormously thick, the outer corners are rounded; the building measures externally about a hundred and thirty two feet by a hundred and five: all this imposing superstructure was subsidiary to the tombs.The tombs were built first, in a huge L-shaped pit cut down into the deposit left by the Flood, and in connection with them there seems to have been a temporary superstructure used for the actual funeral rites The walls which lined the pit and supported the corbelled vaults were carried up to or above ground level and between them and against them there would appear to have been timber constructions. Through a wide brick doorway on the north-east side of the main shaft a flight of brick steps led down to a platform in the pit, open to the sky; from this more flight of steps ran down to right and left under colossal vaults whose height at the stairs' bottom was twenty-six feet; the south-west stairway leads directly into a tomb whose lower vault prolongs its line, while that to the right ends in a landing from which a doorway in the north-west wall:
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[stamped] CODE-5TH EDITION A.B.C. Confidential. UR.Iraq. Dec. 22 1924.Dear Gordon,Amplifying my cable of today's date, I have no idea what FitzGerald's address is at present. As regards his taking command of an expedition, I do not think that he would himself agree to do so, for he is an extremely modest and retiring man; but also I do not think that he is the man to get. As as assistant he is excellent, and as delightful a companion in the field as one could wish to have; but he knows virtually no Arabic, and in archaeology his experience is very limited,- he can take notes pretty well, but knows nothing of planning, little or nothing, I think, of photography, and has never done anything in the way of preserving antikas; moreover he is very shy of responsibility, and lacks authority for running a lot of men. I don't want to say any-thing against a man whom I like extremely, but I simply do not think him in the least suited for the job, and I am pretty sure that he would feel the same.As regards the statues, about which also you cabled me; I know where three are hidden, but it is not easy to get at them as the owner is terrified of being caught with them in his possession; in any case it is a matter of time, and the last message I received from him was to the effect that I must wait; I shall secure them if I can, but am not sure that it will be possible.:
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[Text centred on form superimposed on logo]WESTERN UNIONCABLEGRAMFebruary 20 1923WOOLLEYCARE EASTERN BANK BASRA Irak (Mesopotamia)HOW LONG WOULD EXISTING FUNDS LAST AND HOW MUCH NEEDED TO COMPLETE SEASON CABLEGORDON AND KENYON:
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[TEXT CONCEALED DURING SCAN] from the lower to the higher level. This stepped terrace leading from the tower is the grandiose design planned by Ur-Engur, the founder or the Third Dynasty of Ur, but the king did not live yo see it fully carried out and we find that both his son Dungi and his grandson Bur-Sin were active on the site; the latter seems only to have added an altar and some new paving but Dungi's name appears on bricks of some of the main walls; when King Nabonidus nearly two thousand years later spoke of Ur-Engur and Dungi as joint builders of the Ziggurat he was not beside the mark.About 2000 B.C., some two centuries after Ur-Engur's death, the kings of Larsa remodelled the court and planted in it great bases of solid brickwork which go down as much as fifteen feet below the pavement, bases the use of which sorely puzzles us, and they also enlarged the court's area by throwing back the walls of the surrounding chambers. Six hundred years after this the Kassite king of Babylon, Kuri-galzu, undertook a wholesale restoration, and since he laid his new pavements only a foot above that of Ur-Engur and in order to so he destroyed all the old walls down to their foundations he has made very difficult the task of working out the ground-plan of the preceeding buildings. The feature of his reconstruction is the use of columnar decoration, the walls being relieved with half-columns of brick while a colonnade with wooden uprights ran along the terrace wall. Later Kassite kings carried out minor repairs, but the next big reconstruction was under-taken by the Assyrian governor of Ur, Sin-balatsu-ikbi, about 650 B. C., who rebuilt the temple on Kuri-galzu's lines but in mud brick. After fifty years had passed Nebuchadnezzar rebuilt it once more, His main idea was to raise the court's level so as to obliterate the step between it and the upper terrace on which the shrine stood; for this purpose thousands of tons of earth - the earth that we have been carting away now - were brought and spread over the Assyrian's pavement; it must have been dug out from somewhere in the ruins of the old city, for it is full of the painted:
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[the following written vertically at top of page]P.S. Are you ever in England? If so, do come and see me. My wife would be delighted and we are close to London. We could put you up.they are available. I [illegible word] have some thirty different forms of Sumerian and Babylonian Musical Instruments [three illegible words] and I think I am getting nearer to a knowledge of their proper nomenclature.Unfortunately a very rare specimen of a Babylonian Whistle[word underlined], which was found some 75 years ago at [?Bors?] Nimrüd and bequeathed to our Royal [?Asiatic?] Society, has been lost. Engel [illegible] in his \"Music of Most Ancient Nations\" (1864) gave an illustration of it and I have seen a facsimile.I think I could come to Philadelphia again and this[word underlined] time see your fine Mesopotamian Collection--but I am not so young as I was, thought the spirit is willing enough.With Sincere thanks for your valued helpYours trulyFrancis W. Galpin [signature underlined]I [illegible] correct the naming of the [? Wt Rope grave?] by Woolley [three illegible words]. I presume it still remains \"5.Hoted.\"[?check spelling of last word?]:
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[The University Museum letterhead] file Ur Publications c.v. LegrainDear Dr. Legrain,Today your manuscript has been sent off to Mr. Gadd. I could not send it registered first class mail because it weighed more than 4lbs. 6 oz. which is their limit. Neither could it go Parcel Post for it was written material. I have therefore sent it Air Transportation by way of the Railway Express insured for $5000.00 as you wished. The cost amounted to $34.44 which Mr. Johnson of the Board of Managers O. K.'d so that it could go off immediately.I hope you will find your brother improved and that you will have a good vacation.SincerelyEleanor Moore:
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[this appears to be a list of items in the various rooms in the British Museum. The author used large brackets to match items to rooms; in this transcription, the room will be listed, then the items associated with it.]UR room.U.206-Rimush[?not sure of word] mace head[underlined]U.32hh-Gudea Tab.Nindar[last word underlined]U.3224-Bursm gate socket of Dublal-Mah[first and last words underlined]U.3020-3021-Warad Sin[underlined] tabletU.2674-Sinbatatsu iqbi[underlined]-Green SerpentWritten on upper right side of card is the notation U.2757 Clay PedestalWritten sideways on page, in Ur Room list, is something that looks like W [illegible] Brick CBS 15332StoreroomU.3081-UrNammu. Brick of Gis-sar-mah[first and last words underlined, also phonetic marks on last word]U.3265-[ditto marks for UrNammu] Slele[sic] Fragt below drummerU.2669/2833/6323-Broch[sic] of Lilli Adad[? last word underlined, check spelling]U.3147-Kurigalzu[?check spelling] brick- E-dublal-mah[site name underlined] (=CBS.9023 Case 8)[the words not registered are written between this line and next]Cyrusbrick-MuJ-Dec. 1925 p. 306BaghdadConstple [word crossed out]U.208-UrNanimu[word underlined, check spelling]-mace head.U.3019.3022 Kurigalzu[word underlined] Found. tabletU.2758 Kudurru[word underlined]:
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[This document has a table on the left side of the page. The information in the table and the form have been filled out by a typewriter with the exception of the Calculation of Freight which was filled out by hand][In the left top corner is the logo of the Furness line. In the center top is some kind of ornate seal/stamp that says Six Pence in the center and 1 1 25 in the bottom curve.]FURNESS LINEFURNESS, WITHY & CO., LTD.LONDON. LIVERPOOL. NEW YORK. MONTREAL.Cardiff, Glasgow, Leith, Middlesbrough, Newcastle on Tyne.Baltimore, Boston, Chicago,New Orleans, Newport News, Va., Norfolk, Va.,Philadelphia Trinidad.Halifax, N.S., St. John, N.B., St. John's, N.F., Sydney, C.B.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Particulars declared by Shipper--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Leading Marks | Distinctive Numbers | Number of | Description | Weight | Contents | | Packages | (e.g. cases | or | | | or Pieces | barrels, bags)| Measurement|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- B.M. | 1[?]4 | 4 | Cases | 12. 3. |24. PHILADELPHIA | [?] | | | | STONEWARE. | | | | | | | | | | £1000. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Packages (in words)____FOUR_______________________________________--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Particulars for the Calculation of Freight Only- | | | Tons cwts. qrs. lbs. Gross | | | | | |Freight on__________________________________________________at___________per ton | | | " __________________________________________________ "___________ " | | | " __________________________________________________ "___________ " | | | " __________________________________________________ "___________ " | | | " __________________________________________________ "___________ " | | | " _________110________feet___________2_____inches ___"___________ " | | | " ____________________ " _________________ " ___"___________ " | | | " ____________________ " _________________ " ___"___________ " | | | " ____________________ " _________________ " ___"___________ " | | | Value said to be ___£1,000_______at__1½___per cent. | 15 | 0 | 0 Charges Forward | 16 | 18 | 3 Primage at _______per cent.|_________|______|______ | | | Total £ | 31 | 18 | 3 (Sterling) | | |[Beginning of right-hand side of paper]LONDON to PHILADELPHIA, U.S.A. - \"Local.\"- - - - - - - -Shipped in apparent goo order and condition by ____The American Express Company Inc., as Agents,____ at the port of LONDON on board the ____London Mariner.___________________ the goods or packages of merchandise stated to be marked, numbered and described in this Bill of Lading (measure, brand, contents, quality and value unknown) to be conveyed and delivered to ____Dr. G.B. Gordon Director of the University Museum,_________or assigns, at PHILADELPHIA, U.S.A. (or as near thereto as she may safely get), Freight, Charges and Primage payable at _____Philadelphia______AND IT IS MUTUALLY AGREED AS FOLLOWS:-[standard regulations of contract not transcribed].IN WITNESS WHEREOF____TWO____bills of lading, all of this tenor and date, one of which being accomplished the others to stand void, have been signed by the Agents of the said Carrier.FURNESS, WITHY & CO., LTD.Dated in LONDON this __2nd.__ day of __January_____192__5__.Per [signature] E[?]WattsAS AGENTS:
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[This item appears to be an index card.]October 23, 1935[underscore across entire document under date.]Schedule of University Museum packing chargesFor cases already made: $2, $3, or more according to size.For new cases: $1 flat plus 25¢ per cubic foot.:
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[top left: 2815][top right: F. W. BUNNELL, Owner & Mgr.]SOUTH STREET INN [and, in italics] TEA ROOMPITTSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS\"In the Heart of the Berkshires\"be at No. 1 Beckman Place NY. until Thursday morning, & then the best address would be the Rhode Island School of Design, where I lecture on Friday night, & after that the Worcester Art Museum, Mass.I have no news about the Carnegie fund, & am rather worried on that score: I trust it is all right. Work doesn't make much progress at present as I'm too much on the move, I'm sorry to say.Please give my warmest regards to your wife.Yours Sincerely,C. Leonard Woolley[with a lovely swoosh underneath]:
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[typed]Sloan 2015. 12 Royal Avenue,Chelsea,S.W.3.[handwritten]14th Dec. 36Dear LegrainI hope that you like the volume of Seal Impressions now that it is at last out - I don't know why the Press [?hurried?] so towards the finish, but they were very slow.Are there in the University Museum any copies left of the [?] volume? I'm anxious to get hold of one & all on this site are sold out! So if there are any available on that site would you kindly have one sent to me?:
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[Upper Left corner: tel 2815][upper right corner: F.W. Bunnell, Owner & Mgr.]SOUTH STREET INN [and, in italics] TEA ROOMPITTSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS\"In the Heart of the Berkshires\"TuesdayDear JayneI was very sorry to upset my arrangements, but I find that I must stop in New York for [??these] two days to make last arrangements for my wife's return to England & meeting me on the way out to Ur. So I wired to you last night. I also asked for my two suitcases to be sent on: that too was a nuisance, but I had left my passport in one or other of them--I cannot remember which--& I must get hold:
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[V. indicted upper left top note]
[74 circled top of note]
Paint_d mud head.
head of male - Unbaked clay. Not made in a mould. Traces of black paint under the eyes. Hole pierced through bottom of head vertically to hold a pole.
Found at level of PG. 108, 2m away
[{cf. Lime st. head of a priest
u. 10400. Ph. 1060. PG. 5. Top soil 50x45mm}]
*
[{See: large Photo print}]:
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[very faint, illegible handwriting in upper left corner]4earliest building hitherto known to us on this site was the Nin-gal temple of Kuri-galzu (1400 B.C.); now under this we find scanty traces proving that Ur-Engur also set up a shrine here, probably to the same goddess. We have found the entrance to the building and, cut down through the walls of the temple of 3000 B.C., a water-tank with four compartments of brick lined with bitumen, and the well which served the tank; first made by Ur-Engur it was repaired by one of the Larsa kings, by Kuri-Galzu, by Sinbalatsu-iqbi, the Assyrian governor in 640 B.C., and, a century later, by Nabonidus, the last of the kings of Babylon: In the masonry where the bricks bore the stamp of Kuri-Galzu there were cement-lined niches meant for his dedication-tablets; Sinbalatsu-iqbi had removed these and substituted his own; we found them in situ, eight circular clay tablets claiming for him the credit of the work.:
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[Western Union header]3P R CBLELONDON 35 1217P NOV 15 1933LC JAYNEUNIVERSITY MUSEUM PHATOTAL COMMITMENTS TO DATE SIX NINE NINE SIX POUNDS FOR VOULMESTOP ALL COMMITMENTS HAVE TO BE AUTHORIZED BY HILL STOP BUTNO OTHERS CONTEMPLATED EXCEPT RUNNING OFFICE EXPENSESWOOLLEY911A:
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[Western Union Header]MB2 132 LCO CABLE=WOOLLEY BRITISH MUSEUM LONDONAPOLOGIZE PROLONGED DELAYS IN ANSWERING REGARDING PUBLICATION FUNDS STOP CONSTANT DIFFICULT DISCUSSIONS PRESIDENT BOARD PREVENTED REPLYING STOP INSTRUCTED TO SAY IN VIEW TERMS CARNEGIE GRANT NOT TO YOU BUT DIRECTLY TO UNIVERSITY MUSEUM STRONG FEELING DEVELOPED FUNDS SHOULD NOT BE TURNED OVER FOR EXPENDITURE YOUR DISCRETION BUT PAYMENTS MAD BY US DIRECTLY FOR EXPENSES INCURRED STOP INSTRUCTED TO ASK FOR FULLER DETAILS ACCOUNTING EXPENDITURE INITIAL FIVE THOUSAND STOP MEANWHILE HAVE PERSUADED PRESIDENT CABLE TWENTY FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS IMMEDIATELY ON ACCOUNT OF PRESENT BILLS BUT ALL OTHERS MUST BE FORWARDED HERE FOR DIRECT PAYMENT STOP EMBARRASSED SENDING YOU THIS NEWS BUT ADMINISTRATIVE SITUATION MUCH ALTERED STOP ALL SATISFIED DECISION TO SUSPEND UR THIS YEAR IF YOU BELIEVE WISEST AGREE SUGGESTED ARRANGEMENTS PERMANENT CLOSING REGARDS=JAYNE...Nov.8, 1933:
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[Western Union telegram]PB 169P.CDW113 INTL=CD HENFIELD VIA MACKAY 11 25 1500LC DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY MUSEUMPHILADELPHIA PENN=LEGRAIN MS SAFELY RECEIVED=WOOLLEY..MS. 1948 JUL 22 pm 1 38 file- Ur Publications:
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[White Star(?) Line Logo]\"On board S.S.\" CelticFeb. 27th 1923My dear Gordon,Many thanks for the press-cuttings, and for yournote of 23rd. I very much enjoyed myvisit to Philadelphia, and I also had anexcellent time in New York before sailing onSaturday.I expect to find Woolley's report for Jan 15th, and also his answer to my cable, when I getto London on March 5th. There is a Trustees'meeting on the 10th, when I shall probably be:
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{Martu. w. crook. (cf. 1724, 1745. Ph. 196-7}
Duplic: 16966. Ph. 1857. offer_g kid.:
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{not describe_d}
A coll. of potsherds representing diff strata underlying the paves etc
in PG. cemet. area-
TC. plaque relief God seated on ram:
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![U.6807[U.6807][This is a nifty little sketch of the cylinder seal mentioned in item PA-CU-BO7-F004-080b-1934.jpg]:](/search/?property=116&search_type=exact&q=U.6807[U.6807][This is a nifty little sketch of the cylinder seal mentioned in item PA-CU-BO7-F004-080b-1934.jpg]){kind=link}